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Robots ? ?1．The most sophisticated (先进的) Japanese robots, which have vision systems and work at very...
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Robots??1．Themostsophisticated先进的Japaneserobotswhi
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? ?阅读下面这篇短文短文后有2项测试任务1第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第235和6段每
Robots??1．Themostsophisticated先进的Japaneserobotswhi
? ?阅读下面这篇短文短文后有2项测试任务1第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第235和6段每
短文填空把方框中所给词的正确形式填空填在文后的横线上we;drive;use;true;factor
Robots??1．Themostsophisticated先进的Japaneserobotswhi
Robots??1．Themostsophisticated先进的Japaneserobotswhi
Robotswillhelp_____themostunpleasantjobs.
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综合填空用方框内所给词的适当形式填空使短文意思完整正确每小题1分kitchenfastusehelp
Robots??1．Themostsophisticated先进的Japaneserobotswhi
Robots??1．Themostsophisticated先进的Japaneserobotswhi
RobotsseemverynewtomostpeoplE.Buttheyhavealonghist
? ?阅读下面这篇短文短文后有2项测试任务1第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第235和6段每
EventhemostsophisticatedJapaneserobotsare______.
FreakyFearfulorFriendly?Roboticscienceovertheyears
Manypeoplethinkofrobotsthatthinkandactlikehumansas
Robots??1．Themostsophisticated先进的Japaneserobotswhi
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{{*HTML*}}EarlyIdeasabouttheUniverse??1．Earlymangothisideasabouttheuniversebylookingatthestarsasyoudo.Heobservedcarefullyandlearnedmanythingsaboutthesunthemoonandthestars.??2．Supposeyouwereaskedtocollectevidenceaboutthesunasearlymandid.Youmightgooutmorningaftermorningandseeitcomeupintheeast.Evenoncloudymorningsyouwouldobservethatthedarknessgoesawayandtheworldbecomeslight.Youmightnotseethesunbutwouldbesureitistherebecauseyounoticethattheearthwarmsup.Asyoucontinuedthesunclimbshigherintheskyeachdayduringpartoftheyear.Itstaysintheskylonger.Theearthgetswarmer.Thingsbegintogrow.Itisspringandthensummer.??3．Afterawhilethesunstaysintheskyforshorterandshorterperiods.Manyplantsbegintodie.Leavesfall.Wintercomes.Yearafteryearthisisrepeatedandyoucannottellexactlywhyithappens.Butyourealizethatthesunseemstomakethedifference.Primitive原始的manfeltthatsincethesunwassopowerfulitmustbeagod.Itmayseemsillytousnowtoworship崇拜asun-godbutprimitivemanwasrightabouttheimportanceofthesuntolifeonearth.??4．Youhavebeentoldthattheworldisround.Butsupposenoonehadevertaughtyouthattheworldwaslikeahugeball.Wouldyouhaveeverthoughtofityourself?Youcannotseethecurve曲线oftheearthatonce.Youwouldhavenoideaofhowbigitwas.That’swhyearlymanbelievedthattheearthwassmallandflat.Suchideasappearedfromtheevidencetheyhad.??5．Ifyouwatchthestarsnightafternightyouwillseethemriseandset.Asyoulookattheskyitisnotdifficulttoimaginethatyouareinthecenterofavastcollectionoftwinkling闪烁lights.Someearlyastronomers天文学家believedtheskywasacrystalshellorseriesofcrystalshellsoneinsidetheother.Theybelievedthisbecausethatiswhatthenightskylookedlike.Formanycenturiesmenbelievedthattheearthwasthecenteroftheuniverseandthatthesunthemoonandthestarscircledaroundit.Earlyastronomersbelievedthattheskywasacrystalshellorseriesofcrystalshellsbecause______.
{{*HTML*}}A．StarIsBorn??1．TheVLTVeryLargeTelescopeistheworld’slargesttelescope望远镜andistakingastronomers天文学家furtherbacktotheBigBangthantheyeverthoughtpossible.Located2600metresupintheChileanAndesithasfourhugemirrorseachaboutthesizeofaLondonbus.TheVLTissopowerfulitcanspotaburningmatch10000kilometresaway.??2．Thisastonishingpowerwillallowastronomerstoseeeventsinspacefromthebirthofstarstothecollision碰撞ofgalaxies星系ontheedgeofthecosmos宇宙.TheVLTisgivingastronomerstheirbest-everviewofthecosmos.ThepoweroftheVLTtoseethesmallestdetailatthefurthestdistancesmakesitsdesignersamazed.??3．TakethecaseofEtaCarinaeoneofthemostexplosivestarsintheuniverse.Thisstarproducesultravioletlaserrays紫外线anditwilldestroyitselfinafewmillionyears’time.Itisfivetimesbrighterthanthesunandwhenitexplodesitisgoingtobeasightworthwaitingfor!??4．ButitisatdistancesofmillionsevenbillionsoflightyearsthattheVLTreallyshowsitspower.TheVLTcandetectlightthatsetoutonitsjourneybeforetheearthevenexisted.Thisgivesastronomerstheirfirst-everdetailedviewsofeventsthattookplaceintheearliestdaysofthecosmos.??5．InotherwordstheVLTisakindofatimemachine.Ittakesastronomersbacktoatimewhencompletegalaxiescrashedintoeachother.Theeffectsofthesepastcollisionscannowbeseenbyscientistsandastronomersbelievethetelescopewillrevealmoreabouttheseexcitingeventsintheyearstocome.Onedaywemightbeabletosaywehavetraveledbacktothebeginningoftimeandwewillhaveamuchclearerpictureofhowourplanetwasborn.ThedesignersoftheVLTaresurprisedat______.
{{*HTML*}}EarlyIdeasabouttheUniverse??1．Earlymangothisideasabouttheuniversebylookingatthestarsasyoudo.Heobservedcarefullyandlearnedmanythingsaboutthesunthemoonandthestars.??2．Supposeyouwereaskedtocollectevidenceaboutthesunasearlymandid.Youmightgooutmorningaftermorningandseeitcomeupintheeast.Evenoncloudymorningsyouwouldobservethatthedarknessgoesawayandtheworldbecomeslight.Youmightnotseethesunbutwouldbesureitistherebecauseyounoticethattheearthwarmsup.Asyoucontinuedthesunclimbshigherintheskyeachdayduringpartoftheyear.Itstaysintheskylonger.Theearthgetswarmer.Thingsbegintogrow.Itisspringandthensummer.??3．Afterawhilethesunstaysintheskyforshorterandshorterperiods.Manyplantsbegintodie.Leavesfall.Wintercomes.Yearafteryearthisisrepeatedandyoucannottellexactlywhyithappens.Butyourealizethatthesunseemstomakethedifference.Primitive原始的manfeltthatsincethesunwassopowerfulitmustbeagod.Itmayseemsillytousnowtoworship崇拜asun-godbutprimitivemanwasrightabouttheimportanceofthesuntolifeonearth.??4．Youhavebeentoldthattheworldisround.Butsupposenoonehadevertaughtyouthattheworldwaslikeahugeball.Wouldyouhaveeverthoughtofityourself?Youcannotseethecurve曲线oftheearthatonce.Youwouldhavenoideaofhowbigitwas.That’swhyearlymanbelievedthattheearthwassmallandflat.Suchideasappearedfromtheevidencetheyhad.??5．Ifyouwatchthestarsnightafternightyouwillseethemriseandset.Asyoulookattheskyitisnotdifficulttoimaginethatyouareinthecenterofavastcollectionoftwinkling闪烁lights.Someearlyastronomers天文学家believedtheskywasacrystalshellorseriesofcrystalshellsoneinsidetheother.Theybelievedthisbecausethatiswhatthenightskylookedlike.Formanycenturiesmenbelievedthattheearthwasthecenteroftheuniverseandthatthesunthemoonandthestarscircledaroundit.Paragraph3______
{{*HTML*}}Farmers’Markets??CharlotteHollinsknowsshefacesabattle.The23-year-oldBritishfarmerandher21-year-oldbrotherBenarefightingtosavethefarmfromdevelopersthattheirfatherworkedonsincehewas14.?1???Youdon’toftengetadayoff.Supermarketsputalotofpressureonfarmerstokeeppricesdown.Withfewerpeopleworkingonfarmsitcanbeisolatingshesaid.Thereisahighrateofsuicideandfarmingwillnevermakeyourich!??OliverRobinson25grewuponafarminYorkshire.?2?I’msuredadhopedI’dstayhesaid.?Iguessit’sanicestraightforwardlifebutitdoesn’tappeal.Foryoungambitiouspeoplefarmlifewouldbeahardworld.ForRobinsonfarmingdoesn’toffermuchintermsofmoneyorlifestyle.Hollinsagreesthateconomicsstopspeoplefrompursuingfarmingrewards:providingforavitalhumanneedwhileworkingoutdoorswithnature.??FarmingisabigpoliticalissueintheUK.?3?The2001footandmouthcrisisclosedthousandsoffarmsstoppedmeatexportsandraisedpublicconsciousnessoftroublesinUKfarming.??JamieOliver’s2005campaigntogetchildrentoeathealthilyalsohighlightedtheissue.Thisnationalconcernspells带来hopeforfarmerscompetingwithpowerfulsupermarkets.?4???IstartedgoingtoFarmers’Marketsindirectdefiance蔑视ofthebigsupermarkets.?5?It’sterriblesaidLondonerMichaelSamson.??A．Butheneverconsideredstayingonhisfatherandgrandfather’sland.??B．WhilemostpeoplebuyfoodfromthebigsupermarketshundredsofindependentFarmers’Marketsarebecomingpopular.??C．Whileconfidenttheywillsucceedshelistsfarming’smanychallenges.??D．Youngpeopleprefertoliveincities.??E．Iseriouslyobjectedtothesuper-sizingofeverything—whatexactlyDOtheyputonourapplestomakethemsobigandred???F．BuyBritishcampaignsurge鼓励consumersnottobuycheaperimportedfoods.
{{*HTML*}}TheRoadrunner??Theroadrunner走雀livesinthedesertzoneofthesouthwesternUnitedStatesandnorthernMexico.?1?Peoplegaveititsnamebecausetheyusuallyseeitrunningacrossaroadbutofcourseitspendsmoretimeamongtheplantsofthedesertthanitdoesonroads.??Theroadrunnerisquitealargebird—about45centimeterslongand25centimetershigh.?2?Itholdsitsheadstraightoutinfrontanditstailsticksstraightoutinback.Ittakeslongstepsandcanrun30kilometersanhour.??Iteatsanamazingvarietyoffood.Althoughiteatsplantsonceinawhileitismostlyameateater.Mostofitsdietisinsectsbutitalsocatchesbirdsmiceandothersmallanimals.Itisevenbraveenoughtocatchsnakesandblackwidowspiders蛛.???3?Whenhefindsonehegivesherpresents—asnaketoeatoratinybranchofatreetouseinbuildinganest.Thentheybuildtheirnestthefemalelayseggsandtheyraisetheiryoung.???4?OnecoupleinArizonafeedsapairofroadrunnersthatcomeonceatatimeeverydayandmakeanoiseoutsidethewindow.Ifsomeonedoesn’tgivethebirdapieceofhamburgerimmediatelythebirdknocksonthewindowwithitsbeak喙.Roadrunnersarenotshy.???5?Theywillstandonachairortableandwatchtelevisionandtheyseemreallyinterestedinwhatishappeningontheprogram.??A．Roadrunnerscanalsobecomefriendlywithpeople.??B．Peoplelaughwhenitrunsbecauseitlookssofunny.??C．Itisabirdbutitcanonlyflyaboutasmuchasachickencan.??D．Inearlyspringthebirddoesn’teatanything.??E．Anothercouplefeedsapairofroadrunnersthatgorightintothehouse.??F．Inthespringamaleroadrunnerbeginslookingforafemaleasamate.
TheSmog烟雾ForoveramonthIndonesiawasincrisis.Forestfiresragedoutofcontrolasthecountrysuffereditsworstdroughtfor50years.Smokefromthefiresmixedwithsunlightandhotdryairtoformacloudofsmog.ThispollutionquicklyspreadandwithindaysitwashangingoverneighbouringcountriesincludingMalaysiaSingaporeandThailand.Whenthesmokecombinedwithpollutionfromfactoriesandcarsitsoonbecamepoisonous有毒的.DangerousamountsofCObecametrappedunderthesmogandpollutionlevelsrose.Peoplewheezed喘息andcoughedastheyleftthehouseandtheireyeswateredimmediately.Thesmogmadeitimpossibletoseeacrossstreetsandwholecitiesdisappearedasgreysoot烟灰coveredeverything.Insomeareaswaterwashosed用胶管浇fromhigh-risecitybuildingstotryandbreakupthesmog.FinallyheavyrainswhichcameinNovemberputoutthefiresandclearedtheair.Buttheenvironmentalcostsandhealthproblemswillremain.ManypeoplefromSouth-EasternAsiancitiesalreadysufferfrombreathinghugeamountsofcarexhaustfumes汽车排放的废气andfactorypollution.Breathingproblemscouldwellincreaseandmanynon-sufferersmayhavedifficultiesforthefirsttime.Wildlifehassufferedtoo.Inlowlandforestselephantsdeerandtigershavebeendrivenoutoftheirhomesbysmog.ButsmogisnotjustanAsianproblem.InfactthewordwasfirstusedinLondonin1905todescribethemixtureofsmokeandthickfog.Fogoftenhungoverthecapital.Sometimesthesmogwassothickandpoisonousthatpeoplewerekilledbybreathingproblemsorinaccidents.About4000Londonersdiedwithinfivedaysasaresultofthicksmogin1952.Theforestanimalshaven’tbeenaffectedbythesmog.
NewProductWillSavelivesDrinkingwaterthatlookscleanmaystillcontainbugs虫子whichcancauseillness.AsmallcompanycalledGeneraTechnologieshasproducedatestingmethodinthreestageswhichshowswhetherwaterissafe.Thenewtestshowsifwaterneedschemicalsaddedtoittodestroyanythingharmful.ItwasinventedbyscientistDr.AdrianPartonwhostartedGenerafiveyearsago.HeandhisemployeeshavedevelopedthetesttogetherwithaBritishwatercompany.AndyHeadlandGenera’smarketingdirectorrecentlypresentedthetestataconferenceintheUSAandforecastgoodAmericansalesforit.Generahasalreadysold11ofitstestsat$42500atimeintheUKandhasafurtherfouronorder.Itexpectstosellanother25testsbeforetheendofMarch.ThecompanysaysitistheonlytestintheUKtobeapprovedbythegovernment.GenerawasformedfiveyearsagoanduntilOctoberlastyearhadonlyfiveemployees;itnowemploys14.MrHeadlandbelievesthatthecompanyshouldmakearound$19millionbytheendoftheyearintheUKalone.GeneraTechnologiesorders25moretestsbeforetheendoftheyear.
{{*HTML*}}TheRoadrunner??Theroadrunner走雀livesinthedesertzoneofthesouthwesternUnitedStatesandnorthernMexico.?1?Peoplegaveititsnamebecausetheyusuallyseeitrunningacrossaroadbutofcourseitspendsmoretimeamongtheplantsofthedesertthanitdoesonroads.??Theroadrunnerisquitealargebird—about45centimeterslongand25centimetershigh.?2?Itholdsitsheadstraightoutinfrontanditstailsticksstraightoutinback.Ittakeslongstepsandcanrun30kilometersanhour.??Iteatsanamazingvarietyoffood.Althoughiteatsplantsonceinawhileitismostlyameateater.Mostofitsdietisinsectsbutitalsocatchesbirdsmiceandothersmallanimals.Itisevenbraveenoughtocatchsnakesandblackwidowspiders蛛.???3?Whenhefindsonehegivesherpresents—asnaketoeatoratinybranchofatreetouseinbuildinganest.Thentheybuildtheirnestthefemalelayseggsandtheyraisetheiryoung.???4?OnecoupleinArizonafeedsapairofroadrunnersthatcomeonceatatimeeverydayandmakeanoiseoutsidethewindow.Ifsomeonedoesn’tgivethebirdapieceofhamburgerimmediatelythebirdknocksonthewindowwithitsbeak喙.Roadrunnersarenotshy.???5?Theywillstandonachairortableandwatchtelevisionandtheyseemreallyinterestedinwhatishappeningontheprogram.??A．Roadrunnerscanalsobecomefriendlywithpeople.??B．Peoplelaughwhenitrunsbecauseitlookssofunny.??C．Itisabirdbutitcanonlyflyaboutasmuchasachickencan.??D．Inearlyspringthebirddoesn’teatanything.??E．Anothercouplefeedsapairofroadrunnersthatgorightintothehouse.??F．Inthespringamaleroadrunnerbeginslookingforafemaleasamate.
{{*HTML*}}Ford??1．Ford’sgreatstrengthwasthemanufacturingprocess—notinvention.Longbeforehestartedacarcompanyhewasaworkerknownforpickinguppiecesofmetalandwireandturningthemintomachines.Hestartedputtingcarstogetherin1891.AlthoughitwasbynomeansthefirstpopularautomobiletheModelTshowedtheworldjusthowcreativeFordwasatcombiningtechnologyandmarket.??2．Thecompany’sassemblylinealonethrewAmerica’sIndustrialRevolutionintooverdrive高速运转.InsteadofhavingworkersputtogethertheentirecarFord’sfriendswhoweregreattoolmakersfromScotlandorganizedteamsthataddedpartstoeachModelTasitmoveddownaline.BythetimeFord’sHighlandParkplantwashumming嗡嗡作响alongin1914theworld’sfirstautomaticconveyorbeltcouldturnoutacarevery93minutes.??3．ThesameyearHenryFordshockedtheworldwiththe$5-a-dayminimumwageschemethegreatestcontributionhehadevermade.Theaveragewageintheautoindustrythenwas$2.34fora9-hourshift.Fordnotonlydoubledthathealsotookanhourofftheworkday.Inthoseyearsitwasunthinkablethatamancouldbepaidthatmuchfordoingsomethingthatdidn’tinvolveanawfullotoftrainingoreducation.TheWallStreetJournalcalledtheplananeconomiccrimeandcriticseverywherelaughedatFord.??4．Butasthewageincreasedlatertodaily$10itprovedacriticalcomponentofFord’sdreamtomaketheautomobileaccessible可及的toall.ThecriticsweretoostupidtounderstandthatbecauseFordhadloweredhiscostspercarthehigherwagesdidn’tmatter—exceptformakingitpossibleformorepeopletobuycars.Paragraph2______
{{*HTML*}}UnlockingtheHumanGenome基因组??1．A．projecttounlocksecrets—whatscientistcouldresistthatchallenge?ThisiswhatmanyscientistsaredoingastheyworkontheHumanGenomeProject.Theaimoftheprojectistodecode破译allofthesome100000genesinthehumanbody.ScientistsareusingDNAfingerprintingtechniquestodothedecoding.??2．DNA．isthesubstancefoundinthechromosomes染色体ofacell.Achromosomeisachainofgenes.Eachgenecarriesapieceofgeneticinformation.Atanyonemomentinacellthousandsofgenesareturnedonandofftoproduceproteins蛋白质.Thechallengeforscientistsistofindoutwhatroleeachgeneplaysinproteinproduction.Atsomepointthisdecodingwillbecomplete.Thenscientistswillhaveamapofanidealgenomeorapictureofthetotalgeneticnatureofahumanbeing.Theidealgenomeiscalledaconsensus交感genome.Everythingworkswellinaconsensusgenome.??3．Butnooneintheworldhasaconsensusgenome.Everyone’sgenomeisdifferentfromtheideal.Thesedifferencesarereferredtoasgeneticmutations突变.Geneticmutationsinaperson’sgenomemeanthatthepersonhasagreaterthanaveragechanceofsufferingfromhealthproblems.Someproblemsarenotlife-threatening.Thesewouldincludethingslikecolorblindnessormildheadaches.Otherproblemsareserioussuchasheartdiseaseorcancer.??4．Itwilltakeyearstoidentifytheroleofeachofthe100000genes.Theshort-termgoaloftheprojectistofindthephysicalandmentalhealthproblemsapersonislikelytoencounterduringhisorherlifetime.Thelong-termgoalistohaveeachpersonlivealongerhealthierlife.Scientistsaretryinghardtodiscover______ofeachofthegenesinourbody.
TheSmog烟雾ForoveramonthIndonesiawasincrisis.Forestfiresragedoutofcontrolasthecountrysuffereditsworstdroughtfor50years.Smokefromthefiresmixedwithsunlightandhotdryairtoformacloudofsmog.ThispollutionquicklyspreadandwithindaysitwashangingoverneighbouringcountriesincludingMalaysiaSingaporeandThailand.Whenthesmokecombinedwithpollutionfromfactoriesandcarsitsoonbecamepoisonous有毒的.DangerousamountsofCObecametrappedunderthesmogandpollutionlevelsrose.Peoplewheezed喘息andcoughedastheyleftthehouseandtheireyeswateredimmediately.Thesmogmadeitimpossibletoseeacrossstreetsandwholecitiesdisappearedasgreysoot烟灰coveredeverything.Insomeareaswaterwashosed用胶管浇fromhigh-risecitybuildingstotryandbreakupthesmog.FinallyheavyrainswhichcameinNovemberputoutthefiresandclearedtheair.Buttheenvironmentalcostsandhealthproblemswillremain.ManypeoplefromSouth-EasternAsiancitiesalreadysufferfrombreathinghugeamountsofcarexhaustfumes汽车排放的废气andfactorypollution.Breathingproblemscouldwellincreaseandmanynon-sufferersmayhavedifficultiesforthefirsttime.Wildlifehassufferedtoo.Inlowlandforestselephantsdeerandtigershavebeendrivenoutoftheirhomesbysmog.ButsmogisnotjustanAsianproblem.InfactthewordwasfirstusedinLondonin1905todescribethemixtureofsmokeandthickfog.Fogoftenhungoverthecapital.Sometimesthesmogwassothickandpoisonousthatpeoplewerekilledbybreathingproblemsorinaccidents.About4000Londonersdiedwithinfivedaysasaresultofthicksmogin1952.Waterwasusedtotrytobreakupthesmog.
{{*HTML*}}UnlockingtheHumanGenome基因组??1．A．projecttounlocksecrets—whatscientistcouldresistthatchallenge?ThisiswhatmanyscientistsaredoingastheyworkontheHumanGenomeProject.Theaimoftheprojectistodecode破译allofthesome100000genesinthehumanbody.ScientistsareusingDNAfingerprintingtechniquestodothedecoding.??2．DNA．isthesubstancefoundinthechromosomes染色体ofacell.Achromosomeisachainofgenes.Eachgenecarriesapieceofgeneticinformation.Atanyonemomentinacellthousandsofgenesareturnedonandofftoproduceproteins蛋白质.Thechallengeforscientistsistofindoutwhatroleeachgeneplaysinproteinproduction.Atsomepointthisdecodingwillbecomplete.Thenscientistswillhaveamapofanidealgenomeorapictureofthetotalgeneticnatureofahumanbeing.Theidealgenomeiscalledaconsensus交感genome.Everythingworkswellinaconsensusgenome.??3．Butnooneintheworldhasaconsensusgenome.Everyone’sgenomeisdifferentfromtheideal.Thesedifferencesarereferredtoasgeneticmutations突变.Geneticmutationsinaperson’sgenomemeanthatthepersonhasagreaterthanaveragechanceofsufferingfromhealthproblems.Someproblemsarenotlife-threatening.Thesewouldincludethingslikecolorblindnessormildheadaches.Otherproblemsareserioussuchasheartdiseaseorcancer.??4．Itwilltakeyearstoidentifytheroleofeachofthe100000genes.Theshort-termgoaloftheprojectistofindthephysicalandmentalhealthproblemsapersonislikelytoencounterduringhisorherlifetime.Thelong-termgoalistohaveeachpersonlivealongerhealthierlife.Paragraph4______
{{*HTML*}}EarlyIdeasabouttheUniverse??1．Earlymangothisideasabouttheuniversebylookingatthestarsasyoudo.Heobservedcarefullyandlearnedmanythingsaboutthesunthemoonandthestars.??2．Supposeyouwereaskedtocollectevidenceaboutthesunasearlymandid.Youmightgooutmorningaftermorningandseeitcomeupintheeast.Evenoncloudymorningsyouwouldobservethatthedarknessgoesawayandtheworldbecomeslight.Youmightnotseethesunbutwouldbesureitistherebecauseyounoticethattheearthwarmsup.Asyoucontinuedthesunclimbshigherintheskyeachdayduringpartoftheyear.Itstaysintheskylonger.Theearthgetswarmer.Thingsbegintogrow.Itisspringandthensummer.??3．Afterawhilethesunstaysintheskyforshorterandshorterperiods.Manyplantsbegintodie.Leavesfall.Wintercomes.Yearafteryearthisisrepeatedandyoucannottellexactlywhyithappens.Butyourealizethatthesunseemstomakethedifference.Primitive原始的manfeltthatsincethesunwassopowerfulitmustbeagod.Itmayseemsillytousnowtoworship崇拜asun-godbutprimitivemanwasrightabouttheimportanceofthesuntolifeonearth.??4．Youhavebeentoldthattheworldisround.Butsupposenoonehadevertaughtyouthattheworldwaslikeahugeball.Wouldyouhaveeverthoughtofityourself?Youcannotseethecurve曲线oftheearthatonce.Youwouldhavenoideaofhowbigitwas.That’swhyearlymanbelievedthattheearthwassmallandflat.Suchideasappearedfromtheevidencetheyhad.??5．Ifyouwatchthestarsnightafternightyouwillseethemriseandset.Asyoulookattheskyitisnotdifficulttoimaginethatyouareinthecenterofavastcollectionoftwinkling闪烁lights.Someearlyastronomers天文学家believedtheskywasacrystalshellorseriesofcrystalshellsoneinsidetheother.Theybelievedthisbecausethatiswhatthenightskylookedlike.Formanycenturiesmenbelievedthattheearthwasthecenteroftheuniverseandthatthesunthemoonandthestarscircledaroundit.Paragraph5______
{{*HTML*}}Ford??1．Ford’sgreatstrengthwasthemanufacturingprocess—notinvention.Longbeforehestartedacarcompanyhewasaworkerknownforpickinguppiecesofmetalandwireandturningthemintomachines.Hestartedputtingcarstogetherin1891.AlthoughitwasbynomeansthefirstpopularautomobiletheModelTshowedtheworldjusthowcreativeFordwasatcombiningtechnologyandmarket.??2．Thecompany’sassemblylinealonethrewAmerica’sIndustrialRevolutionintooverdrive高速运转.InsteadofhavingworkersputtogethertheentirecarFord’sfriendswhoweregreattoolmakersfromScotlandorganizedteamsthataddedpartstoeachModelTasitmoveddownaline.BythetimeFord’sHighlandParkplantwashumming嗡嗡作响alongin1914theworld’sfirstautomaticconveyorbeltcouldturnoutacarevery93minutes.??3．ThesameyearHenryFordshockedtheworldwiththe$5-a-dayminimumwageschemethegreatestcontributionhehadevermade.Theaveragewageintheautoindustrythenwas$2.34fora9-hourshift.Fordnotonlydoubledthathealsotookanhourofftheworkday.Inthoseyearsitwasunthinkablethatamancouldbepaidthatmuchfordoingsomethingthatdidn’tinvolveanawfullotoftrainingoreducation.TheWallStreetJournalcalledtheplananeconomiccrimeandcriticseverywherelaughedatFord.??4．Butasthewageincreasedlatertodaily$10itprovedacriticalcomponentofFord’sdreamtomaketheautomobileaccessible可及的toall.ThecriticsweretoostupidtounderstandthatbecauseFordhadloweredhiscostspercarthehigherwagesdidn’tmatter—exceptformakingitpossibleformorepeopletobuycars.Fordwasthefirsttoadopt______.
{{*HTML*}}EarlyIdeasabouttheUniverse??1．Earlymangothisideasabouttheuniversebylookingatthestarsasyoudo.Heobservedcarefullyandlearnedmanythingsaboutthesunthemoonandthestars.??2．Supposeyouwereaskedtocollectevidenceaboutthesunasearlymandid.Youmightgooutmorningaftermorningandseeitcomeupintheeast.Evenoncloudymorningsyouwouldobservethatthedarknessgoesawayandtheworldbecomeslight.Youmightnotseethesunbutwouldbesureitistherebecauseyounoticethattheearthwarmsup.Asyoucontinuedthesunclimbshigherintheskyeachdayduringpartoftheyear.Itstaysintheskylonger.Theearthgetswarmer.Thingsbegintogrow.Itisspringandthensummer.??3．Afterawhilethesunstaysintheskyforshorterandshorterperiods.Manyplantsbegintodie.Leavesfall.Wintercomes.Yearafteryearthisisrepeatedandyoucannottellexactlywhyithappens.Butyourealizethatthesunseemstomakethedifference.Primitive原始的manfeltthatsincethesunwassopowerfulitmustbeagod.Itmayseemsillytousnowtoworship崇拜asun-godbutprimitivemanwasrightabouttheimportanceofthesuntolifeonearth.??4．Youhavebeentoldthattheworldisround.Butsupposenoonehadevertaughtyouthattheworldwaslikeahugeball.Wouldyouhaveeverthoughtofityourself?Youcannotseethecurve曲线oftheearthatonce.Youwouldhavenoideaofhowbigitwas.That’swhyearlymanbelievedthattheearthwassmallandflat.Suchideasappearedfromtheevidencetheyhad.??5．Ifyouwatchthestarsnightafternightyouwillseethemriseandset.Asyoulookattheskyitisnotdifficulttoimaginethatyouareinthecenterofavastcollectionoftwinkling闪烁lights.Someearlyastronomers天文学家believedtheskywasacrystalshellorseriesofcrystalshellsoneinsidetheother.Theybelievedthisbecausethatiswhatthenightskylookedlike.Formanycenturiesmenbelievedthattheearthwasthecenteroftheuniverseandthatthesunthemoonandthestarscircledaroundit.Primitivemanbelievedthesunwasagodbecause______.
EarthquakeHowdoesanearthquakestartWhatmakesanearthquakehappenTherockoftheearth’scrust地壳mayhaveafaultakindofbreakinthesurface.Theblockswhichmakeuptheearthmoveandsometimesthismaycausethesidesofthefaulttomoveupanddownorlengthways纵向againsteachother.Whenonepieceofrockstartstorubonanotherwithgreatforcealotofenergyisused.Thisenergyischangedintovibrations振动anditisthesevibrationsthatwefeelasanearthquake.ThevibrationscantravelthousandsofkilometersandsoanearthquakeinTurkeymaybefeltinGreeceWhattododuringanearthquakeAtschoolAssoonastheearthquakestartsstudentsshouldgetunderthedesksimmediatelyandwaituntiltheteachertellsthemitissafetocomeout.Theteachershouldatthesametimegoimmediatelytotheteacher’sdeskgetunderneath在下面itandstaytheretillthedangerisover.Studentsmustnotarguewiththeteacherorquestioninstructions.Assoonasthetremors震动stopallstudentsshouldwalktowardstheexitandgostraighttotheschoolplaygroundoranyopenspacesuchasasquareorapark.Theymustwaitthereuntiltheteachertellsthemitissafetogo.AthomeIfyouareathomewhentheearthquakeoccursgetimmediatelyunderthetableinthelivingroomorkitchen.Choosethebiggestandstrongesttableyoucanfind.Youmustnotgoanywherenearthewindowanddon’tgooutontothebalcony阳台.Oncethetremorshavestoppedyoucancomeoutfromunderthetablebutyoumustleavethebuildingstraightaway.Youshouldwalkdownthestairsandshouldnotusethelift—theremaybeapowercutasaresultoftheearthquakeandyoucouldfindyourselftrappedinsidetheliftforhours.InthestreetIfyouareinthestreetwhentheearthquaketakesplacedonotstandnearbuildingsfencesorwalls—moveawayasquicklyaspossibleandtrytofindalargeopenspacetowaitin.Standingundertreescouldalsobedangerous.Ifyouareathomewhenanearthquakeoccursstandnearabigtable.
{{*HTML*}}Ford??1．Ford’sgreatstrengthwasthemanufacturingprocess—notinvention.Longbeforehestartedacarcompanyhewasaworkerknownforpickinguppiecesofmetalandwireandturningthemintomachines.Hestartedputtingcarstogetherin1891.AlthoughitwasbynomeansthefirstpopularautomobiletheModelTshowedtheworldjusthowcreativeFordwasatcombiningtechnologyandmarket.??2．Thecompany’sassemblylinealonethrewAmerica’sIndustrialRevolutionintooverdrive高速运转.InsteadofhavingworkersputtogethertheentirecarFord’sfriendswhoweregreattoolmakersfromScotlandorganizedteamsthataddedpartstoeachModelTasitmoveddownaline.BythetimeFord’sHighlandParkplantwashumming嗡嗡作响alongin1914theworld’sfirstautomaticconveyorbeltcouldturnoutacarevery93minutes.??3．ThesameyearHenryFordshockedtheworldwiththe$5-a-dayminimumwageschemethegreatestcontributionhehadevermade.Theaveragewageintheautoindustrythenwas$2.34fora9-hourshift.Fordnotonlydoubledthathealsotookanhourofftheworkday.Inthoseyearsitwasunthinkablethatamancouldbepaidthatmuchfordoingsomethingthatdidn’tinvolveanawfullotoftrainingoreducation.TheWallStreetJournalcalledtheplananeconomiccrimeandcriticseverywherelaughedatFord.??4．Butasthewageincreasedlatertodaily$10itprovedacriticalcomponentofFord’sdreamtomaketheautomobileaccessible可及的toall.ThecriticsweretoostupidtounderstandthatbecauseFordhadloweredhiscostspercarthehigherwagesdidn’tmatter—exceptformakingitpossibleformorepeopletobuycars.Paragraph4______
NewProductWillSavelivesDrinkingwaterthatlookscleanmaystillcontainbugs虫子whichcancauseillness.AsmallcompanycalledGeneraTechnologieshasproducedatestingmethodinthreestageswhichshowswhetherwaterissafe.Thenewtestshowsifwaterneedschemicalsaddedtoittodestroyanythingharmful.ItwasinventedbyscientistDr.AdrianPartonwhostartedGenerafiveyearsago.HeandhisemployeeshavedevelopedthetesttogetherwithaBritishwatercompany.AndyHeadlandGenera’smarketingdirectorrecentlypresentedthetestataconferenceintheUSAandforecastgoodAmericansalesforit.Generahasalreadysold11ofitstestsat$42500atimeintheUKandhasafurtherfouronorder.Itexpectstosellanother25testsbeforetheendofMarch.ThecompanysaysitistheonlytestintheUKtobeapprovedbythegovernment.GenerawasformedfiveyearsagoanduntilOctoberlastyearhadonlyfiveemployees;itnowemploys14.MrHeadlandbelievesthatthecompanyshouldmakearound$19millionbytheendoftheyearintheUKalone.ThenewproducthasbeenacommercialsuccessintheUSA.
EarthquakeHowdoesanearthquakestartWhatmakesanearthquakehappenTherockoftheearth’scrust地壳mayhaveafaultakindofbreakinthesurface.Theblockswhichmakeuptheearthmoveandsometimesthismaycausethesidesofthefaulttomoveupanddownorlengthways纵向againsteachother.Whenonepieceofrockstartstorubonanotherwithgreatforcealotofenergyisused.Thisenergyischangedintovibrations振动anditisthesevibrationsthatwefeelasanearthquake.ThevibrationscantravelthousandsofkilometersandsoanearthquakeinTurkeymaybefeltinGreeceWhattododuringanearthquakeAtschoolAssoonastheearthquakestartsstudentsshouldgetunderthedesksimmediatelyandwaituntiltheteachertellsthemitissafetocomeout.Theteachershouldatthesametimegoimmediatelytotheteacher’sdeskgetunderneath在下面itandstaytheretillthedangerisover.Studentsmustnotarguewiththeteacherorquestioninstructions.Assoonasthetremors震动stopallstudentsshouldwalktowardstheexitandgostraighttotheschoolplaygroundoranyopenspacesuchasasquareorapark.Theymustwaitthereuntiltheteachertellsthemitissafetogo.AthomeIfyouareathomewhentheearthquakeoccursgetimmediatelyunderthetableinthelivingroomorkitchen.Choosethebiggestandstrongesttableyoucanfind.Youmustnotgoanywherenearthewindowanddon’tgooutontothebalcony阳台.Oncethetremorshavestoppedyoucancomeoutfromunderthetablebutyoumustleavethebuildingstraightaway.Youshouldwalkdownthestairsandshouldnotusethelift—theremaybeapowercutasaresultoftheearthquakeandyoucouldfindyourselftrappedinsidetheliftforhours.InthestreetIfyouareinthestreetwhentheearthquaketakesplacedonotstandnearbuildingsfencesorwalls—moveawayasquicklyaspossibleandtrytofindalargeopenspacetowaitin.Standingundertreescouldalsobedangerous.Assoonasanearthquakeoccursstudentsshouldleavethebuilding.
{{*HTML*}}UnlockingtheHumanGenome基因组??1．A．projecttounlocksecrets—whatscientistcouldresistthatchallenge?ThisiswhatmanyscientistsaredoingastheyworkontheHumanGenomeProject.Theaimoftheprojectistodecode破译allofthesome100000genesinthehumanbody.ScientistsareusingDNAfingerprintingtechniquestodothedecoding.??2．DNA．isthesubstancefoundinthechromosomes染色体ofacell.Achromosomeisachainofgenes.Eachgenecarriesapieceofgeneticinformation.Atanyonemomentinacellthousandsofgenesareturnedonandofftoproduceproteins蛋白质.Thechallengeforscientistsistofindoutwhatroleeachgeneplaysinproteinproduction.Atsomepointthisdecodingwillbecomplete.Thenscientistswillhaveamapofanidealgenomeorapictureofthetotalgeneticnatureofahumanbeing.Theidealgenomeiscalledaconsensus交感genome.Everythingworkswellinaconsensusgenome.??3．Butnooneintheworldhasaconsensusgenome.Everyone’sgenomeisdifferentfromtheideal.Thesedifferencesarereferredtoasgeneticmutations突变.Geneticmutationsinaperson’sgenomemeanthatthepersonhasagreaterthanaveragechanceofsufferingfromhealthproblems.Someproblemsarenotlife-threatening.Thesewouldincludethingslikecolorblindnessormildheadaches.Otherproblemsareserioussuchasheartdiseaseorcancer.??4．Itwilltakeyearstoidentifytheroleofeachofthe100000genes.Theshort-termgoaloftheprojectistofindthephysicalandmentalhealthproblemsapersonislikelytoencounterduringhisorherlifetime.Thelong-termgoalistohaveeachpersonlivealongerhealthierlife.Decodingthehumangenomeisachallengeto______.
{{*HTML*}}A．StarIsBorn??1．TheVLTVeryLargeTelescopeistheworld’slargesttelescope望远镜andistakingastronomers天文学家furtherbacktotheBigBangthantheyeverthoughtpossible.Located2600metresupintheChileanAndesithasfourhugemirrorseachaboutthesizeofaLondonbus.TheVLTissopowerfulitcanspotaburningmatch10000kilometresaway.??2．Thisastonishingpowerwillallowastronomerstoseeeventsinspacefromthebirthofstarstothecollision碰撞ofgalaxies星系ontheedgeofthecosmos宇宙.TheVLTisgivingastronomerstheirbest-everviewofthecosmos.ThepoweroftheVLTtoseethesmallestdetailatthefurthestdistancesmakesitsdesignersamazed.??3．TakethecaseofEtaCarinaeoneofthemostexplosivestarsintheuniverse.Thisstarproducesultravioletlaserrays紫外线anditwilldestroyitselfinafewmillionyears’time.Itisfivetimesbrighterthanthesunandwhenitexplodesitisgoingtobeasightworthwaitingfor!??4．ButitisatdistancesofmillionsevenbillionsoflightyearsthattheVLTreallyshowsitspower.TheVLTcandetectlightthatsetoutonitsjourneybeforetheearthevenexisted.Thisgivesastronomerstheirfirst-everdetailedviewsofeventsthattookplaceintheearliestdaysofthecosmos.??5．InotherwordstheVLTisakindofatimemachine.Ittakesastronomersbacktoatimewhencompletegalaxiescrashedintoeachother.Theeffectsofthesepastcollisionscannowbeseenbyscientistsandastronomersbelievethetelescopewillrevealmoreabouttheseexcitingeventsintheyearstocome.Onedaywemightbeabletosaywehavetraveledbacktothebeginningoftimeandwewillhaveamuchclearerpictureofhowourplanetwasborn.Paragraph4______
NewProductWillSavelivesDrinkingwaterthatlookscleanmaystillcontainbugs虫子whichcancauseillness.AsmallcompanycalledGeneraTechnologieshasproducedatestingmethodinthreestageswhichshowswhetherwaterissafe.Thenewtestshowsifwaterneedschemicalsaddedtoittodestroyanythingharmful.ItwasinventedbyscientistDr.AdrianPartonwhostartedGenerafiveyearsago.HeandhisemployeeshavedevelopedthetesttogetherwithaBritishwatercompany.AndyHeadlandGenera’smarketingdirectorrecentlypresentedthetestataconferenceintheUSAandforecastgoodAmericansalesforit.Generahasalreadysold11ofitstestsat$42500atimeintheUKandhasafurtherfouronorder.Itexpectstosellanother25testsbeforetheendofMarch.ThecompanysaysitistheonlytestintheUKtobeapprovedbythegovernment.GenerawasformedfiveyearsagoanduntilOctoberlastyearhadonlyfiveemployees;itnowemploys14.MrHeadlandbelievesthatthecompanyshouldmakearound$19millionbytheendoftheyearintheUKalone.GeneraTechnologieshasdevelopedamethodthatdetermineswhetherwaterisclean.
{{*HTML*}}Farmers’Markets??CharlotteHollinsknowsshefacesabattle.The23-year-oldBritishfarmerandher21-year-oldbrotherBenarefightingtosavethefarmfromdevelopersthattheirfatherworkedonsincehewas14.?1???Youdon’toftengetadayoff.Supermarketsputalotofpressureonfarmerstokeeppricesdown.Withfewerpeopleworkingonfarmsitcanbeisolatingshesaid.Thereisahighrateofsuicideandfarmingwillnevermakeyourich!??OliverRobinson25grewuponafarminYorkshire.?2?I’msuredadhopedI’dstayhesaid.?Iguessit’sanicestraightforwardlifebutitdoesn’tappeal.Foryoungambitiouspeoplefarmlifewouldbeahardworld.ForRobinsonfarmingdoesn’toffermuchintermsofmoneyorlifestyle.Hollinsagreesthateconomicsstopspeoplefrompursuingfarmingrewards:providingforavitalhumanneedwhileworkingoutdoorswithnature.??FarmingisabigpoliticalissueintheUK.?3?The2001footandmouthcrisisclosedthousandsoffarmsstoppedmeatexportsandraisedpublicconsciousnessoftroublesinUKfarming.??JamieOliver’s2005campaigntogetchildrentoeathealthilyalsohighlightedtheissue.Thisnationalconcernspells带来hopeforfarmerscompetingwithpowerfulsupermarkets.?4???IstartedgoingtoFarmers’Marketsindirectdefiance蔑视ofthebigsupermarkets.?5?It’sterriblesaidLondonerMichaelSamson.??A．Butheneverconsideredstayingonhisfatherandgrandfather’sland.??B．WhilemostpeoplebuyfoodfromthebigsupermarketshundredsofindependentFarmers’Marketsarebecomingpopular.??C．Whileconfidenttheywillsucceedshelistsfarming’smanychallenges.??D．Youngpeopleprefertoliveincities.??E．Iseriouslyobjectedtothesuper-sizingofeverything—whatexactlyDOtheyputonourapplestomakethemsobigandred???F．BuyBritishcampaignsurge鼓励consumersnottobuycheaperimportedfoods.
{{*HTML*}}UnlockingtheHumanGenome基因组??1．A．projecttounlocksecrets—whatscientistcouldresistthatchallenge?ThisiswhatmanyscientistsaredoingastheyworkontheHumanGenomeProject.Theaimoftheprojectistodecode破译allofthesome100000genesinthehumanbody.ScientistsareusingDNAfingerprintingtechniquestodothedecoding.??2．DNA．isthesubstancefoundinthechromosomes染色体ofacell.Achromosomeisachainofgenes.Eachgenecarriesapieceofgeneticinformation.Atanyonemomentinacellthousandsofgenesareturnedonandofftoproduceproteins蛋白质.Thechallengeforscientistsistofindoutwhatroleeachgeneplaysinproteinproduction.Atsomepointthisdecodingwillbecomplete.Thenscientistswillhaveamapofanidealgenomeorapictureofthetotalgeneticnatureofahumanbeing.Theidealgenomeiscalledaconsensus交感genome.Everythingworkswellinaconsensusgenome.??3．Butnooneintheworldhasaconsensusgenome.Everyone’sgenomeisdifferentfromtheideal.Thesedifferencesarereferredtoasgeneticmutations突变.Geneticmutationsinaperson’sgenomemeanthatthepersonhasagreaterthanaveragechanceofsufferingfromhealthproblems.Someproblemsarenotlife-threatening.Thesewouldincludethingslikecolorblindnessormildheadaches.Otherproblemsareserioussuchasheartdiseaseorcancer.??4．Itwilltakeyearstoidentifytheroleofeachofthe100000genes.Theshort-termgoaloftheprojectistofindthephysicalandmentalhealthproblemsapersonislikelytoencounterduringhisorherlifetime.Thelong-termgoalistohaveeachpersonlivealongerhealthierlife.Paragraph2______
{{*HTML*}}A．StarIsBorn??1．TheVLTVeryLargeTelescopeistheworld’slargesttelescope望远镜andistakingastronomers天文学家furtherbacktotheBigBangthantheyeverthoughtpossible.Located2600metresupintheChileanAndesithasfourhugemirrorseachaboutthesizeofaLondonbus.TheVLTissopowerfulitcanspotaburningmatch10000kilometresaway.??2．Thisastonishingpowerwillallowastronomerstoseeeventsinspacefromthebirthofstarstothecollision碰撞ofgalaxies星系ontheedgeofthecosmos宇宙.TheVLTisgivingastronomerstheirbest-everviewofthecosmos.ThepoweroftheVLTtoseethesmallestdetailatthefurthestdistancesmakesitsdesignersamazed.??3．TakethecaseofEtaCarinaeoneofthemostexplosivestarsintheuniverse.Thisstarproducesultravioletlaserrays紫外线anditwilldestroyitselfinafewmillionyears’time.Itisfivetimesbrighterthanthesunandwhenitexplodesitisgoingtobeasightworthwaitingfor!??4．ButitisatdistancesofmillionsevenbillionsoflightyearsthattheVLTreallyshowsitspower.TheVLTcandetectlightthatsetoutonitsjourneybeforetheearthevenexisted.Thisgivesastronomerstheirfirst-everdetailedviewsofeventsthattookplaceintheearliestdaysofthecosmos.??5．InotherwordstheVLTisakindofatimemachine.Ittakesastronomersbacktoatimewhencompletegalaxiescrashedintoeachother.Theeffectsofthesepastcollisionscannowbeseenbyscientistsandastronomersbelievethetelescopewillrevealmoreabouttheseexcitingeventsintheyearstocome.Onedaywemightbeabletosaywehavetraveledbacktothebeginningoftimeandwewillhaveamuchclearerpictureofhowourplanetwasborn.Paragraph2______
{{*HTML*}}A．StarIsBorn??1．TheVLTVeryLargeTelescopeistheworld’slargesttelescope望远镜andistakingastronomers天文学家furtherbacktotheBigBangthantheyeverthoughtpossible.Located2600metresupintheChileanAndesithasfourhugemirrorseachaboutthesizeofaLondonbus.TheVLTissopowerfulitcanspotaburningmatch10000kilometresaway.??2．Thisastonishingpowerwillallowastronomerstoseeeventsinspacefromthebirthofstarstothecollision碰撞ofgalaxies星系ontheedgeofthecosmos宇宙.TheVLTisgivingastronomerstheirbest-everviewofthecosmos.ThepoweroftheVLTtoseethesmallestdetailatthefurthestdistancesmakesitsdesignersamazed.??3．TakethecaseofEtaCarinaeoneofthemostexplosivestarsintheuniverse.Thisstarproducesultravioletlaserrays紫外线anditwilldestroyitselfinafewmillionyears’time.Itisfivetimesbrighterthanthesunandwhenitexplodesitisgoingtobeasightworthwaitingfor!??4．ButitisatdistancesofmillionsevenbillionsoflightyearsthattheVLTreallyshowsitspower.TheVLTcandetectlightthatsetoutonitsjourneybeforetheearthevenexisted.Thisgivesastronomerstheirfirst-everdetailedviewsofeventsthattookplaceintheearliestdaysofthecosmos.??5．InotherwordstheVLTisakindofatimemachine.Ittakesastronomersbacktoatimewhencompletegalaxiescrashedintoeachother.Theeffectsofthesepastcollisionscannowbeseenbyscientistsandastronomersbelievethetelescopewillrevealmoreabouttheseexcitingeventsintheyearstocome.Onedaywemightbeabletosaywehavetraveledbacktothebeginningoftimeandwewillhaveamuchclearerpictureofhowourplanetwasborn.ScientistsbelievetheVLTwilltellusmoreabout______.
NewProductWillSavelivesDrinkingwaterthatlookscleanmaystillcontainbugs虫子whichcancauseillness.AsmallcompanycalledGeneraTechnologieshasproducedatestingmethodinthreestageswhichshowswhetherwaterissafe.Thenewtestshowsifwaterneedschemicalsaddedtoittodestroyanythingharmful.ItwasinventedbyscientistDr.AdrianPartonwhostartedGenerafiveyearsago.HeandhisemployeeshavedevelopedthetesttogetherwithaBritishwatercompany.AndyHeadlandGenera’smarketingdirectorrecentlypresentedthetestataconferenceintheUSAandforecastgoodAmericansalesforit.Generahasalreadysold11ofitstestsat$42500atimeintheUKandhasafurtherfouronorder.Itexpectstosellanother25testsbeforetheendofMarch.ThecompanysaysitistheonlytestintheUKtobeapprovedbythegovernment.GenerawasformedfiveyearsagoanduntilOctoberlastyearhadonlyfiveemployees;itnowemploys14.MrHeadlandbelievesthatthecompanyshouldmakearound$19millionbytheendoftheyearintheUKalone.Generahasincreasedthenumberofitsemployeesrecently.
EarthquakeHowdoesanearthquakestartWhatmakesanearthquakehappenTherockoftheearth’scrust地壳mayhaveafaultakindofbreakinthesurface.Theblockswhichmakeuptheearthmoveandsometimesthismaycausethesidesofthefaulttomoveupanddownorlengthways纵向againsteachother.Whenonepieceofrockstartstorubonanotherwithgreatforcealotofenergyisused.Thisenergyischangedintovibrations振动anditisthesevibrationsthatwefeelasanearthquake.ThevibrationscantravelthousandsofkilometersandsoanearthquakeinTurkeymaybefeltinGreeceWhattododuringanearthquakeAtschoolAssoonastheearthquakestartsstudentsshouldgetunderthedesksimmediatelyandwaituntiltheteachertellsthemitissafetocomeout.Theteachershouldatthesametimegoimmediatelytotheteacher’sdeskgetunderneath在下面itandstaytheretillthedangerisover.Studentsmustnotarguewiththeteacherorquestioninstructions.Assoonasthetremors震动stopallstudentsshouldwalktowardstheexitandgostraighttotheschoolplaygroundoranyopenspacesuchasasquareorapark.Theymustwaitthereuntiltheteachertellsthemitissafetogo.AthomeIfyouareathomewhentheearthquakeoccursgetimmediatelyunderthetableinthelivingroomorkitchen.Choosethebiggestandstrongesttableyoucanfind.Youmustnotgoanywherenearthewindowanddon’tgooutontothebalcony阳台.Oncethetremorshavestoppedyoucancomeoutfromunderthetablebutyoumustleavethebuildingstraightaway.Youshouldwalkdownthestairsandshouldnotusethelift—theremaybeapowercutasaresultoftheearthquakeandyoucouldfindyourselftrappedinsidetheliftforhours.InthestreetIfyouareinthestreetwhentheearthquaketakesplacedonotstandnearbuildingsfencesorwalls—moveawayasquicklyaspossibleandtrytofindalargeopenspacetowaitin.Standingundertreescouldalsobedangerous.Ifyouareinthestreetwhenanearthquakeoccursstayinalargeopenspace.
{{*HTML*}}Ford??1．Ford’sgreatstrengthwasthemanufacturingprocess—notinvention.Longbeforehestartedacarcompanyhewasaworkerknownforpickinguppiecesofmetalandwireandturningthemintomachines.Hestartedputtingcarstogetherin1891.AlthoughitwasbynomeansthefirstpopularautomobiletheModelTshowedtheworldjusthowcreativeFordwasatcombiningtechnologyandmarket.??2．Thecompany’sassemblylinealonethrewAmerica’sIndustrialRevolutionintooverdrive高速运转.InsteadofhavingworkersputtogethertheentirecarFord’sfriendswhoweregreattoolmakersfromScotlandorganizedteamsthataddedpartstoeachModelTasitmoveddownaline.BythetimeFord’sHighlandParkplantwashumming嗡嗡作响alongin1914theworld’sfirstautomaticconveyorbeltcouldturnoutacarevery93minutes.??3．ThesameyearHenryFordshockedtheworldwiththe$5-a-dayminimumwageschemethegreatestcontributionhehadevermade.Theaveragewageintheautoindustrythenwas$2.34fora9-hourshift.Fordnotonlydoubledthathealsotookanhourofftheworkday.Inthoseyearsitwasunthinkablethatamancouldbepaidthatmuchfordoingsomethingthatdidn’tinvolveanawfullotoftrainingoreducation.TheWallStreetJournalcalledtheplananeconomiccrimeandcriticseverywherelaughedatFord.??4．Butasthewageincreasedlatertodaily$10itprovedacriticalcomponentofFord’sdreamtomaketheautomobileaccessible可及的toall.ThecriticsweretoostupidtounderstandthatbecauseFordhadloweredhiscostspercarthehigherwagesdidn’tmatter—exceptformakingitpossibleformorepeopletobuycars.Ford’shigher-wageandlower-coststrategywasstrongly______.
TheSmog烟雾ForoveramonthIndonesiawasincrisis.Forestfiresragedoutofcontrolasthecountrysuffereditsworstdroughtfor50years.Smokefromthefiresmixedwithsunlightandhotdryairtoformacloudofsmog.ThispollutionquicklyspreadandwithindaysitwashangingoverneighbouringcountriesincludingMalaysiaSingaporeandThailand.Whenthesmokecombinedwithpollutionfromfactoriesandcarsitsoonbecamepoisonous有毒的.DangerousamountsofCObecametrappedunderthesmogandpollutionlevelsrose.Peoplewheezed喘息andcoughedastheyleftthehouseandtheireyeswateredimmediately.Thesmogmadeitimpossibletoseeacrossstreetsandwholecitiesdisappearedasgreysoot烟灰coveredeverything.Insomeareaswaterwashosed用胶管浇fromhigh-risecitybuildingstotryandbreakupthesmog.FinallyheavyrainswhichcameinNovemberputoutthefiresandclearedtheair.Buttheenvironmentalcostsandhealthproblemswillremain.ManypeoplefromSouth-EasternAsiancitiesalreadysufferfrombreathinghugeamountsofcarexhaustfumes汽车排放的废气andfactorypollution.Breathingproblemscouldwellincreaseandmanynon-sufferersmayhavedifficultiesforthefirsttime.Wildlifehassufferedtoo.Inlowlandforestselephantsdeerandtigershavebeendrivenoutoftheirhomesbysmog.ButsmogisnotjustanAsianproblem.InfactthewordwasfirstusedinLondonin1905todescribethemixtureofsmokeandthickfog.Fogoftenhungoverthecapital.Sometimesthesmogwassothickandpoisonousthatpeoplewerekilledbybreathingproblemsorinaccidents.About4000Londonersdiedwithinfivedaysasaresultofthicksmogin1952.Thesmogspreadtoneighbouringcountries.
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