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? ?阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有2项测试任务：(1)第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2，3，5和6段每段选择1个正确的小标题；(2)第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确选项，分...
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? ?阅读下面这篇短文短文后有2项测试任务1第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第1～4段每段选
? ?阅读下面这篇短文短文后有2项测试任务1第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为规定段每段选择1
? ?阅读下面这篇短文短文后有2项测试任务1第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第1～4段每段选
? ?阅读下面这篇短文短文后有2项测试任务1第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第1～4段每段选
? ?阅读下面这篇短文短文后有2项测试任务1第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2～5段每段选
? ?阅读下面这篇短文短文后有2项测试任务1第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2～5段每段选
? ?阅读下面这篇短文短文后有2项测试任务1第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2～5段每段选
? ?阅读下面这篇短文短文后有2项测试任务1第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第1～4段每段选
? ?阅读下面这篇短文短文后有2项测试任务1第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第1～4段每段选
? ?阅读下面这篇短文短文后有2项测试任务1第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第1～4段每段选
? ?阅读下面这篇短文短文后有2项测试任务1第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2～5段每段选
? ?阅读下面这篇短文短文后有2项测试任务1第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第1～4段每段选
? ?阅读下面这篇短文短文后有2项测试任务1第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2～5段每段选
? ?阅读下面这篇短文短文后有2项测试任务1第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为规定段每段选择1
? ?阅读下面这篇短文短文后有2项测试任务1第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2—5段每段选
? ?阅读下面这篇短文短文后有2项测试任务1第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2～5段每段选
? ?阅读下面这篇短文短文后有2项测试任务1第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第1～4段每段选
? ?阅读下面这篇短文短文后有2项测试任务1第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2～5段每段选
? ?阅读下面这篇短文短文后有2项测试任务1第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第1～4段每段选
? ?阅读下面这篇短文短文后有2项测试任务1第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2～5段每段选
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Helenwillleaveimmediately.
TheFunctionofTomatoes Howdowelovetomatoes?Let’’scounttheways:welovetheminpastaonpizzainjuiceinsaladandsoupslicedonsandwichesstuffedwithtunaevendriedandbakedinbagelsbutmostofallwelovethemrightoffvine—riperedanddelicious. Whiletomatoloversdon’’tneedanexcuseforeatingthembythebushel蒲式耳nowthere’’sevenmorereasontosavorthesedeliciousfruits.Evidenceismountingthatpeoplewhoeattomatoeshaveasubstantiallylowerriskforcancer. Inathousand-personstudyofeatinghabitsandhealthHarvardMedicalSchoolresearchersfoundthatthosewhoatetomatoeseveryweekhadthelowestchanceofdyingformcancer. Recentlyastudyof48000Americanmenshoweda21to34percentlowerriskforprostatecancer前列腺癌amongthosewhoconsumedtomatoestomatosauceorpizzamorethantwiceaweek.AndinstudyofmenandwomeninItalyeatingsevenormoreservingofrawtomatoesaweekwaslinkedtoa30to60percentreductionindigestivetractandprostatecancersdependingonthetypeofcancer. Theprotectivequalitiesofthetomatoarethoughttocomefromlycopene番茄红素apotentantioxidant抗氧化的plantchemicalthatisabundantintomatoes.Lycopeneisresponsiblefortheredcoloroftomatoes;thedarkerredthetomatoisthemorelycopeneitcontains.Greenandyellowtomatoesdonotcontainlycopene. Lycopoeneisalsofoundinwatermelonandpinkgrapefruitbuttomatoesarethemostabundantsource.Cookingenhancesthelycopenemoreavailable.Thustomatosauceandpasteisevenabettersourceforlycopenethanfreshrawtomatoes.Lycopeneisfatsolubleandmustbeconsumedwithacertainamountoffattobeabsorbedbythebody.Tomatorecipesmustcontainamoderateamountofoiltoensurethatalongwithadelicioustastetreatyouwillalsobereceivingallthehealthbenefitstomatoeshavetooffer. Inordertobeabsorbedbybody______.
Language Whenmostofusthinkaboutlanguagewethinkfirstaboutwords.Thusthehardestpartoflearningaforeignlanguagemayseemtobememorizing【51】vocabulary;whenweobserveachildfirstacquiringspeechwetalkofhisprogress【52】amatteroflearningnewwords.Wearealso【53】tofeelthattheadultspeakerwiththelargestvocabularyhasthebest【54】ofEnglish.Tothink【55】alanguageasjustastockofwordsis【56】quitewrong.Wordsalonedonot【57】alanguage;agrammaris【58】tocombinetheminsomeintelligibleway.Moreoverwordsarerelativelyeasytolearnandindeedallofusgo【59】learningthemallour【60】.Theyarealsothe【61】stablepartoflanguage.Wordscomeinto【62】changetheirpronunciationsandmeaningsanddisappearcompletelyallwithcomparativeease.Yetitistruethatthe【63】isfocusoflanguage.Itisinwords【64】soundsandmeaningsinterlocktoallowusto【65】withoneanotheranditiswordsthatwearrangetogethertomakesentencesconversationsanddiscourseofallkinds.Thuswehaveaparadoxinthatthemostshort-livedpartoflanguageisalsothecentrewheremeaningpronunciationandgrammarcometogether.
Competition Thequestionofwhetherwarisinevitableisonewhichhasconcernedmanyoftheworldsgreatwriters.Beforeconsideringthisquestionitwillbeusefultointroducesomerelatedconcepts.Conflictdefinedasoppositionamongsocialentitiesdirectedagainstoneanotherisdistinguishedfromcompetitiondefinedasoppositionamongsocialentitiesindependentlystrivingforsomethingwhichisininadequatesupply.Competitorsmaynotbeawareofoneanotherwhilethepartiestoaconflictare.Conflictandcompetitionarebothcategoriesofoppositionwhichhasbeendefinedasaprocessbywhichsocialentitiesfunctioninthedisserviceofoneanother.Oppositionisthuscontrastedwithcooperationtheprocessbywhichsocialentitiesfunctionintheserviceofoneanother.Thesedefinitionsarenecessarybecauseitisimportanttoemphasizethatcompetitionbetweenindividualsorgroupsisinevitableinaworldoflimitedresourcesbutconflictisnot.Conflictneverthelessisverylikelytooccurandisprobablyanessentialanddesirableelementofhumansocieties. Manyauthorshavearguedfortheinevitabilityofwarfromthepremisethatinthestruggleforexistenceamonganimalspeciesonlythefittestsurvive.Ingeneralhoweverthisstruggleinnatureiscompetitionnotconflict.Socialanimalssuchasmonkeysandcattlefighttowinormaintainleadershipofthegroup.Thestruggleforexistenceoccursnotinsuchfightsbutinthecompetitionforlimitedfeedingareasandfortheoccupancy占有ofareasfreefrommeat-eatinganimals.Thosewhofailinthiscompetitionstarvetodeathorbecomevictimstootherspecies.Thisstruggleforexistencedoesnotresemblehumanwarbutratherthecompetitionofindividualsforjobsmarketsandmaterials.Theessenceofthestruggleisthecompetitionforthenecessitiesoflifethatareinsufficienttosatisfyall. Amongnationsthereiscompetitionindevelopingresourcestradesskillsandasatisfactorywayoflife.Thesuccessfulnationsgrowandproper繁荣;theunsuccessfuldecline.Whileitistruethatthiscompetitionmayinduceeffortstoexpandterritoryattheexpenseofothersandthusleadtoconflictitcannotbesaidthatwarlikeconflictamongnationsisinevitablealthoughcompetitionis. Infirstparagraphtheauthorgivesthedefinitionofsometermsinordertodistinguishbetweentwokindsofopposition.
InTom’’seyestherestaurantatthecornerofthestreetisaverysmartone.
BathingIntheSea BathingintheseainEnglandahundredyearsagowasnotquitethelight-heartedamusementthatitistoday.Therearenorunningdownfromthehoteltothebeachinabathrobe长袍nosunbathingorlyingaboutonthesandsinbathing-dressesafterthedip.Everythinghadtobedoneinanorderlyandextremelypolitemanner.Mixedbathingwasnotallowedanywhere.Menandwomeneachhadtheirseparatepartofthebeachandtheywerenotsupposedtomeetinthewater. Bathingclotheswerealsocloselycontrolled.Menusuallyworesimplebathingdrawersandnomorebutwomenwereobligedtowearthickcumbersomewoolengarmentsthatcoveredthemcompletelyfromheadtofoot.Thesesatisfiedthedemandsofmodestybuttheymusthavebeenextremelyuncomfortableforswimming. Eventhusdecentlycoveredwomenwerenotsupposedtoshowthemselvesonthebeachwhileinbathingattire浴衣.Theyhadtowaittheirturnforabathingmachineasortofwoodencabinonwheelswhichwasdrawnrightdowntothewatersedgebyhorses.Onitsseawardsideasortofhoodorcanopy罩盖stretchedoutwardsanddownwardsoverthewatercompletelyhidingthebatheruntilshewasactuallyintheseaTherewasabathingwomaninattendancepartofwhosedutywastodipinotherwordstoseizethebatherassoonassheemergedanddipherforciblyunderwatertwoorthreetimes.Thiswassupposedtobeforthebenefitofherhealthandnodoubtitwasallrightinthehandsofthegentle.Butmostbathingwomenwerethereverseofgentleandtobedippedbythemmusthavebeenastrenuousformofexercise. Thebathingmachinewasused______.
Competition Thequestionofwhetherwarisinevitableisonewhichhasconcernedmanyoftheworldsgreatwriters.Beforeconsideringthisquestionitwillbeusefultointroducesomerelatedconcepts.Conflictdefinedasoppositionamongsocialentitiesdirectedagainstoneanotherisdistinguishedfromcompetitiondefinedasoppositionamongsocialentitiesindependentlystrivingforsomethingwhichisininadequatesupply.Competitorsmaynotbeawareofoneanotherwhilethepartiestoaconflictare.Conflictandcompetitionarebothcategoriesofoppositionwhichhasbeendefinedasaprocessbywhichsocialentitiesfunctioninthedisserviceofoneanother.Oppositionisthuscontrastedwithcooperationtheprocessbywhichsocialentitiesfunctionintheserviceofoneanother.Thesedefinitionsarenecessarybecauseitisimportanttoemphasizethatcompetitionbetweenindividualsorgroupsisinevitableinaworldoflimitedresourcesbutconflictisnot.Conflictneverthelessisverylikelytooccurandisprobablyanessentialanddesirableelementofhumansocieties. Manyauthorshavearguedfortheinevitabilityofwarfromthepremisethatinthestruggleforexistenceamonganimalspeciesonlythefittestsurvive.Ingeneralhoweverthisstruggleinnatureiscompetitionnotconflict.Socialanimalssuchasmonkeysandcattlefighttowinormaintainleadershipofthegroup.Thestruggleforexistenceoccursnotinsuchfightsbutinthecompetitionforlimitedfeedingareasandfortheoccupancy占有ofareasfreefrommeat-eatinganimals.Thosewhofailinthiscompetitionstarvetodeathorbecomevictimstootherspecies.Thisstruggleforexistencedoesnotresemblehumanwarbutratherthecompetitionofindividualsforjobsmarketsandmaterials.Theessenceofthestruggleisthecompetitionforthenecessitiesoflifethatareinsufficienttosatisfyall. Amongnationsthereiscompetitionindevelopingresourcestradesskillsandasatisfactorywayoflife.Thesuccessfulnationsgrowandproper繁荣;theunsuccessfuldecline.Whileitistruethatthiscompetitionmayinduceeffortstoexpandterritoryattheexpenseofothersandthusleadtoconflictitcannotbesaidthatwarlikeconflictamongnationsisinevitablealthoughcompetitionis. Competitioncanleadtoconflict.
Language Whenmostofusthinkaboutlanguagewethinkfirstaboutwords.Thusthehardestpartoflearningaforeignlanguagemayseemtobememorizing【51】vocabulary;whenweobserveachildfirstacquiringspeechwetalkofhisprogress【52】amatteroflearningnewwords.Wearealso【53】tofeelthattheadultspeakerwiththelargestvocabularyhasthebest【54】ofEnglish.Tothink【55】alanguageasjustastockofwordsis【56】quitewrong.Wordsalonedonot【57】alanguage;agrammaris【58】tocombinetheminsomeintelligibleway.Moreoverwordsarerelativelyeasytolearnandindeedallofusgo【59】learningthemallour【60】.Theyarealsothe【61】stablepartoflanguage.Wordscomeinto【62】changetheirpronunciationsandmeaningsanddisappearcompletelyallwithcomparativeease.Yetitistruethatthe【63】isfocusoflanguage.Itisinwords【64】soundsandmeaningsinterlocktoallowusto【65】withoneanotheranditiswordsthatwearrangetogethertomakesentencesconversationsanddiscourseofallkinds.Thuswehaveaparadoxinthatthemostshort-livedpartoflanguageisalsothecentrewheremeaningpronunciationandgrammarcometogether.
TheFunctionofTomatoes Howdowelovetomatoes?Let’’scounttheways:welovetheminpastaonpizzainjuiceinsaladandsoupslicedonsandwichesstuffedwithtunaevendriedandbakedinbagelsbutmostofallwelovethemrightoffvine—riperedanddelicious. Whiletomatoloversdon’’tneedanexcuseforeatingthembythebushel蒲式耳nowthere’’sevenmorereasontosavorthesedeliciousfruits.Evidenceismountingthatpeoplewhoeattomatoeshaveasubstantiallylowerriskforcancer. Inathousand-personstudyofeatinghabitsandhealthHarvardMedicalSchoolresearchersfoundthatthosewhoatetomatoeseveryweekhadthelowestchanceofdyingformcancer. Recentlyastudyof48000Americanmenshoweda21to34percentlowerriskforprostatecancer前列腺癌amongthosewhoconsumedtomatoestomatosauceorpizzamorethantwiceaweek.AndinstudyofmenandwomeninItalyeatingsevenormoreservingofrawtomatoesaweekwaslinkedtoa30to60percentreductionindigestivetractandprostatecancersdependingonthetypeofcancer. Theprotectivequalitiesofthetomatoarethoughttocomefromlycopene番茄红素apotentantioxidant抗氧化的plantchemicalthatisabundantintomatoes.Lycopeneisresponsiblefortheredcoloroftomatoes;thedarkerredthetomatoisthemorelycopeneitcontains.Greenandyellowtomatoesdonotcontainlycopene. Lycopoeneisalsofoundinwatermelonandpinkgrapefruitbuttomatoesarethemostabundantsource.Cookingenhancesthelycopenemoreavailable.Thustomatosauceandpasteisevenabettersourceforlycopenethanfreshrawtomatoes.Lycopeneisfatsolubleandmustbeconsumedwithacertainamountoffattobeabsorbedbythebody.Tomatorecipesmustcontainamoderateamountofoiltoensurethatalongwithadelicioustastetreatyouwillalsobereceivingallthehealthbenefitstomatoeshavetooffer. Whatisthemainsubjectofthepassage?
TheGrandCanyon StandingontherimoftheGrandCanyon大峡谷gazingacrossthisgiantwoundintheEarth’’ssurfaceavisitormightassumethatthecanyonhadbeencausedbysomeancientconvulsion震动.Infacttheeventsthatproducedthecanyonfarfrombeingsuddenandcatastrophicsimplyadduptotheslowandorderlyprocessoferosion. ManymillionsofyearsagotheColoradoPlateauintheGrandCanyonareacontained1000morefeetofrockthanitdoestodayandwasrelativelylevel.Theadditionalmaterialconsistedofsome14layeredformationsofrock.IntheGrandCanyonregiontheselayerswerelargelywornawayoverthecourseofmillionsofyears. Approximately65millionyearsagotheplateausflatsurfaceintheGrandCanyonareabulgedupwardfrominternalpressuregeologistsrefertothisbulgingactionsupwarding弯曲上升;itwasfollowedbyageneralelevationofthewholeColoradoPlateauaprocessthatisstillgoingon.Astheplateaugraduallyroseshallowriversthatwindedacrossitbegantorunmoreswiftlyandcutmoredefinitecourses.OneoftheseriverslocatedeastoftheupwardwastheancestoroftheColorado.AnotherriversystemcalledtheHualapaiflowingwestoftheupwardextendeditselfeastwardbycuttingbackintotheupwarditeventuallyconnectedwiththeancientColoradoandcaptureditswaters.Thenewriverthenbegantocarveoutthe277-mile-longtrenchthateventuallybecametheGrandCanyon.Geologistsestimatethatthisinitialcuttingactionbegannoearlierthan10millionyearsago. SincethentheCanyonforminghasbeencumulative.Tothecorrosiveforceoftheriveritselfhavebeenaddedotherfactors.Heatandcoldrainandsnowalongwiththevaryingresistanceoftherocksincreasetheopportunitiesforerosions.TheCanyonwallscrumbletheriveracquiresacuttingtool.Tonsofdebrisrainfallrunningoffthehighplateaucreatesfeederstreamsthatcarresidecanyons.Pushingslowlybackwardintotheplateauthesidecanyonsexposenewrocksandthepatternoferosioncontinues. ThewordwoundLine1Para.1indicatesthat______.
Ihaveapermanentjobhere.
Manyeconomistshavegivenintothefatallureofmathematics.
Heissureofthecomingofinvestmentboomafteradoptingthenewinvestmentpolicies.
Competition Thequestionofwhetherwarisinevitableisonewhichhasconcernedmanyoftheworldsgreatwriters.Beforeconsideringthisquestionitwillbeusefultointroducesomerelatedconcepts.Conflictdefinedasoppositionamongsocialentitiesdirectedagainstoneanotherisdistinguishedfromcompetitiondefinedasoppositionamongsocialentitiesindependentlystrivingforsomethingwhichisininadequatesupply.Competitorsmaynotbeawareofoneanotherwhilethepartiestoaconflictare.Conflictandcompetitionarebothcategoriesofoppositionwhichhasbeendefinedasaprocessbywhichsocialentitiesfunctioninthedisserviceofoneanother.Oppositionisthuscontrastedwithcooperationtheprocessbywhichsocialentitiesfunctionintheserviceofoneanother.Thesedefinitionsarenecessarybecauseitisimportanttoemphasizethatcompetitionbetweenindividualsorgroupsisinevitableinaworldoflimitedresourcesbutconflictisnot.Conflictneverthelessisverylikelytooccurandisprobablyanessentialanddesirableelementofhumansocieties. Manyauthorshavearguedfortheinevitabilityofwarfromthepremisethatinthestruggleforexistenceamonganimalspeciesonlythefittestsurvive.Ingeneralhoweverthisstruggleinnatureiscompetitionnotconflict.Socialanimalssuchasmonkeysandcattlefighttowinormaintainleadershipofthegroup.Thestruggleforexistenceoccursnotinsuchfightsbutinthecompetitionforlimitedfeedingareasandfortheoccupancy占有ofareasfreefrommeat-eatinganimals.Thosewhofailinthiscompetitionstarvetodeathorbecomevictimstootherspecies.Thisstruggleforexistencedoesnotresemblehumanwarbutratherthecompetitionofindividualsforjobsmarketsandmaterials.Theessenceofthestruggleisthecompetitionforthenecessitiesoflifethatareinsufficienttosatisfyall. Amongnationsthereiscompetitionindevelopingresourcestradesskillsandasatisfactorywayoflife.Thesuccessfulnationsgrowandproper繁荣;theunsuccessfuldecline.Whileitistruethatthiscompetitionmayinduceeffortstoexpandterritoryattheexpenseofothersandthusleadtoconflictitcannotbesaidthatwarlikeconflictamongnationsisinevitablealthoughcompetitionis. ThephrasefunctioninthedisserviceofoneanotherPara.1mostprobablymeansharmeachother.
ThestoriesofSarahOrneJewettareconsideredbymanytobemoreauthenticallyregionalthanthoseofBretHarte.
TheGrandCanyon StandingontherimoftheGrandCanyon大峡谷gazingacrossthisgiantwoundintheEarth’’ssurfaceavisitormightassumethatthecanyonhadbeencausedbysomeancientconvulsion震动.Infacttheeventsthatproducedthecanyonfarfrombeingsuddenandcatastrophicsimplyadduptotheslowandorderlyprocessoferosion. ManymillionsofyearsagotheColoradoPlateauintheGrandCanyonareacontained1000morefeetofrockthanitdoestodayandwasrelativelylevel.Theadditionalmaterialconsistedofsome14layeredformationsofrock.IntheGrandCanyonregiontheselayerswerelargelywornawayoverthecourseofmillionsofyears. Approximately65millionyearsagotheplateausflatsurfaceintheGrandCanyonareabulgedupwardfrominternalpressuregeologistsrefertothisbulgingactionsupwarding弯曲上升;itwasfollowedbyageneralelevationofthewholeColoradoPlateauaprocessthatisstillgoingon.Astheplateaugraduallyroseshallowriversthatwindedacrossitbegantorunmoreswiftlyandcutmoredefinitecourses.OneoftheseriverslocatedeastoftheupwardwastheancestoroftheColorado.AnotherriversystemcalledtheHualapaiflowingwestoftheupwardextendeditselfeastwardbycuttingbackintotheupwarditeventuallyconnectedwiththeancientColoradoandcaptureditswaters.Thenewriverthenbegantocarveoutthe277-mile-longtrenchthateventuallybecametheGrandCanyon.Geologistsestimatethatthisinitialcuttingactionbegannoearlierthan10millionyearsago. SincethentheCanyonforminghasbeencumulative.Tothecorrosiveforceoftheriveritselfhavebeenaddedotherfactors.Heatandcoldrainandsnowalongwiththevaryingresistanceoftherocksincreasetheopportunitiesforerosions.TheCanyonwallscrumbletheriveracquiresacuttingtool.Tonsofdebrisrainfallrunningoffthehighplateaucreatesfeederstreamsthatcarresidecanyons.Pushingslowlybackwardintotheplateauthesidecanyonsexposenewrocksandthepatternoferosioncontinues. ItcanbeconcludedfromthispassageabouttheGrandCanyonthat______.
Competition Thequestionofwhetherwarisinevitableisonewhichhasconcernedmanyoftheworldsgreatwriters.Beforeconsideringthisquestionitwillbeusefultointroducesomerelatedconcepts.Conflictdefinedasoppositionamongsocialentitiesdirectedagainstoneanotherisdistinguishedfromcompetitiondefinedasoppositionamongsocialentitiesindependentlystrivingforsomethingwhichisininadequatesupply.Competitorsmaynotbeawareofoneanotherwhilethepartiestoaconflictare.Conflictandcompetitionarebothcategoriesofoppositionwhichhasbeendefinedasaprocessbywhichsocialentitiesfunctioninthedisserviceofoneanother.Oppositionisthuscontrastedwithcooperationtheprocessbywhichsocialentitiesfunctionintheserviceofoneanother.Thesedefinitionsarenecessarybecauseitisimportanttoemphasizethatcompetitionbetweenindividualsorgroupsisinevitableinaworldoflimitedresourcesbutconflictisnot.Conflictneverthelessisverylikelytooccurandisprobablyanessentialanddesirableelementofhumansocieties. Manyauthorshavearguedfortheinevitabilityofwarfromthepremisethatinthestruggleforexistenceamonganimalspeciesonlythefittestsurvive.Ingeneralhoweverthisstruggleinnatureiscompetitionnotconflict.Socialanimalssuchasmonkeysandcattlefighttowinormaintainleadershipofthegroup.Thestruggleforexistenceoccursnotinsuchfightsbutinthecompetitionforlimitedfeedingareasandfortheoccupancy占有ofareasfreefrommeat-eatinganimals.Thosewhofailinthiscompetitionstarvetodeathorbecomevictimstootherspecies.Thisstruggleforexistencedoesnotresemblehumanwarbutratherthecompetitionofindividualsforjobsmarketsandmaterials.Theessenceofthestruggleisthecompetitionforthenecessitiesoflifethatareinsufficienttosatisfyall. Amongnationsthereiscompetitionindevelopingresourcestradesskillsandasatisfactorywayoflife.Thesuccessfulnationsgrowandproper繁荣;theunsuccessfuldecline.Whileitistruethatthiscompetitionmayinduceeffortstoexpandterritoryattheexpenseofothersandthusleadtoconflictitcannotbesaidthatwarlikeconflictamongnationsisinevitablealthoughcompetitionis. ThepassageisprobablyintendedtoanswerthequestionWhyisthereconflictandcompetition?
BathingIntheSea BathingintheseainEnglandahundredyearsagowasnotquitethelight-heartedamusementthatitistoday.Therearenorunningdownfromthehoteltothebeachinabathrobe长袍nosunbathingorlyingaboutonthesandsinbathing-dressesafterthedip.Everythinghadtobedoneinanorderlyandextremelypolitemanner.Mixedbathingwasnotallowedanywhere.Menandwomeneachhadtheirseparatepartofthebeachandtheywerenotsupposedtomeetinthewater. Bathingclotheswerealsocloselycontrolled.Menusuallyworesimplebathingdrawersandnomorebutwomenwereobligedtowearthickcumbersomewoolengarmentsthatcoveredthemcompletelyfromheadtofoot.Thesesatisfiedthedemandsofmodestybuttheymusthavebeenextremelyuncomfortableforswimming. Eventhusdecentlycoveredwomenwerenotsupposedtoshowthemselvesonthebeachwhileinbathingattire浴衣.Theyhadtowaittheirturnforabathingmachineasortofwoodencabinonwheelswhichwasdrawnrightdowntothewatersedgebyhorses.Onitsseawardsideasortofhoodorcanopy罩盖stretchedoutwardsanddownwardsoverthewatercompletelyhidingthebatheruntilshewasactuallyintheseaTherewasabathingwomaninattendancepartofwhosedutywastodipinotherwordstoseizethebatherassoonassheemergedanddipherforciblyunderwatertwoorthreetimes.Thiswassupposedtobeforthebenefitofherhealthandnodoubtitwasallrightinthehandsofthegentle.Butmostbathingwomenwerethereverseofgentleandtobedippedbythemmusthavebeenastrenuousformofexercise. Mostbathing-womenwere______.
TheFunctionofTomatoes Howdowelovetomatoes?Let’’scounttheways:welovetheminpastaonpizzainjuiceinsaladandsoupslicedonsandwichesstuffedwithtunaevendriedandbakedinbagelsbutmostofallwelovethemrightoffvine—riperedanddelicious. Whiletomatoloversdon’’tneedanexcuseforeatingthembythebushel蒲式耳nowthere’’sevenmorereasontosavorthesedeliciousfruits.Evidenceismountingthatpeoplewhoeattomatoeshaveasubstantiallylowerriskforcancer. Inathousand-personstudyofeatinghabitsandhealthHarvardMedicalSchoolresearchersfoundthatthosewhoatetomatoeseveryweekhadthelowestchanceofdyingformcancer. Recentlyastudyof48000Americanmenshoweda21to34percentlowerriskforprostatecancer前列腺癌amongthosewhoconsumedtomatoestomatosauceorpizzamorethantwiceaweek.AndinstudyofmenandwomeninItalyeatingsevenormoreservingofrawtomatoesaweekwaslinkedtoa30to60percentreductionindigestivetractandprostatecancersdependingonthetypeofcancer. Theprotectivequalitiesofthetomatoarethoughttocomefromlycopene番茄红素apotentantioxidant抗氧化的plantchemicalthatisabundantintomatoes.Lycopeneisresponsiblefortheredcoloroftomatoes;thedarkerredthetomatoisthemorelycopeneitcontains.Greenandyellowtomatoesdonotcontainlycopene. Lycopoeneisalsofoundinwatermelonandpinkgrapefruitbuttomatoesarethemostabundantsource.Cookingenhancesthelycopenemoreavailable.Thustomatosauceandpasteisevenabettersourceforlycopenethanfreshrawtomatoes.Lycopeneisfatsolubleandmustbeconsumedwithacertainamountoffattobeabsorbedbythebody.Tomatorecipesmustcontainamoderateamountofoiltoensurethatalongwithadelicioustastetreatyouwillalsobereceivingallthehealthbenefitstomatoeshavetooffer. Accordingtothepassageitisshowed______lowerriskforprostatecanceramongthosewhoconsumedtomatoesmorethanonceaday.
Language Whenmostofusthinkaboutlanguagewethinkfirstaboutwords.Thusthehardestpartoflearningaforeignlanguagemayseemtobememorizing【51】vocabulary;whenweobserveachildfirstacquiringspeechwetalkofhisprogress【52】amatteroflearningnewwords.Wearealso【53】tofeelthattheadultspeakerwiththelargestvocabularyhasthebest【54】ofEnglish.Tothink【55】alanguageasjustastockofwordsis【56】quitewrong.Wordsalonedonot【57】alanguage;agrammaris【58】tocombinetheminsomeintelligibleway.Moreoverwordsarerelativelyeasytolearnandindeedallofusgo【59】learningthemallour【60】.Theyarealsothe【61】stablepartoflanguage.Wordscomeinto【62】changetheirpronunciationsandmeaningsanddisappearcompletelyallwithcomparativeease.Yetitistruethatthe【63】isfocusoflanguage.Itisinwords【64】soundsandmeaningsinterlocktoallowusto【65】withoneanotheranditiswordsthatwearrangetogethertomakesentencesconversationsanddiscourseofallkinds.Thuswehaveaparadoxinthatthemostshort-livedpartoflanguageisalsothecentrewheremeaningpronunciationandgrammarcometogether.
Itisnecessarytomakeanabstractwhilewritingareport.
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