It’ssurprisinglyeasyforapersontoamputate切除partofafinger-forinstancewhilechoppingvegetablesorusinganelectricsaw.Don’ttrytopreservetheloosepartbyplacingitdirectlyonice.Dowraptheseveredpartindampgauze纱布saline生理盐水wouldbeidealforwettingtheclothplaceitinawatertightbagandplacethebagonice.Thenbesuretobringthebagandicetotheemergencyroom.Thepatientwillbegoingintosurgerysohe’sbestoffwithanemptystomach.Asforthewoundonthehandorbodyapplyicetoreduceswellingandcoveritwithacleandrycloth.Iceshouldbeappliedtothewoundonthehandorbodyto

Thesameprinciplesofeducationpreventionandearlytreatmentcanapplytomentalhealthaswell.Onein20Americansoverage12reportedfeelingdepressedin2006withnon-Hispanicblacksmakingupthelargestpercentage.Although80%ofAmericansadmittedthattheirsymptomsinterferedwiththeirabilitytoworkonly29%hadcontactedamental-healthprofessional.Recentimprovementsinscreeningatprimary-carefacilitiesoneofthegoalssetbyHealthyPeople2010mayhelpaddressthisproblem:while62%ofprimary-carefacilitiesprovidedtreatmentformentaldisordersin200074%dosonow.Whichofthefollowingistrue

Ifoundthatsamepattern-ahealth-caresystemthatreflectsanation’sbasicculturalvalues-everywhereIwentwhenItraveledtheworldforaPBSdocumentaryandabookabouthowotherwealthycountriesprovidehealthcare.ThefundamentaltruthabouthealthcareineverycountrynotesPrincetonprofessorUweReinhardtoneoftheworld’spreeminenthealth-careeconomistsisthatnationalvaluesnationalcharacterdeterminehoweachsystemworks.Whatistheworkingprincipleofhealth-caresystemsineverycountry

YourhealthcansuffersimplyfromfearoflosingyourjobsaysSarahBurgardasociologistattheUniversityofMichigan.Aftercrunchingdatafromtwolargenationalsurveyssheconcludedthatchronicjobinsecurityoveratwo--yearperiodrivalstheanxietyofajoblossoramajorillness.Burgardadjustedherdataforwhatpsychologistscallneuroticismandfoundthatevenpeoplewhoaren’ttypicallyworriersreportworsehealthwhentheybelievetheirjobsareindanger.Fearsofpoorjobprospectsmayhavesimilarconsequences.WhenSwedishresearchersasked21-year-oldsabouttheirhealthduringarecessiontheyreportedmoreproblemsthanacomparisongroupduringaboom.

ThebiggestproblemwiththeU.S.health-caresystemisthatithaslongbeendesignedtorespondtoillnessratherthanpreventit.AccordingtoananalysisbytheCommonwealthFundafoundationthatfundshealth-careresearchhalfofAmericanadultsin2005didnotreceiverecommendedpreventivecarewhichincludesvaccinationscancerscreeningsandblood-pressurechecks.Whenwedogetourcardiachealthcheckedtoooftenit’sbecausewe’vebeenrushedtotheemergencyroomsufferingfromchestpains.Whenwedogetacancerevaluationtoooftenit’sadiagnosisofadvanceddiseasethathasspreadbeyondtheinitialtumorsite.WhatwillprobablyhappenunderthepresentUShealth-caresystem

Ifwewantuniversalinsuranceandunlimitedpatientanddoctorchoicecostswillcontinuallyspiralupwardbecausetherewillbenoreasonornoonetostopthem.Wehaveavariantofthattoday-acost-plussystemwithwidespreadinsuranceandopen-endedreimbursement偿还.Highercostspushuppremiums保险费andtaxes.That’sonereasonhealthspendinghasgonefrom5percentofgrossdomesticproductin1960to16percentin2007.Butcontrollingspendingrequireslimitsonpatientsanddoctors.Healthspendinghasincreasedsince1960partlybecause.

Theprimaryconsiderationinachievingagoodbalanceddietisnothowmuchorhowlittleweeatbutwhatweeat.Basicallyweneedcarbohydratesproteinfatvitaminsandmineralstogetherwithregularbutnotexcessiveexercise.Carbohydratesarefoundinfoodssuchasbreadpotatoesandsugar.TheyareexcellentenergyproducersbutifeatentoexcessmaybelargelyconvertedtofatandareductionintheamountofcarbohydratesorstarchyfoodsisoneoftheobviousWaystoreduceweightsincemostofuseattoomuchofthemanyway.

FortunatelythenewH1N1virushasbeenmildsofar.ThoughithasinfectedamillionAmericansonly556deathshavebeenreportedtodateversus36000ayearforthenormalseasonalflu.ButH1N1alsoarrivedverylateinthelastfluseasonanddidnotspreadthroughthewholecountry.Thisyearthevulnerablepopulationwillbemuchlarger.TheCDCproducedavideolastyearcalledWhyFluVaccinationMatters.Itfeaturesinterviewswithparents.whohavelosthealthychildrentotheseasonalflu.Officialsplantoupdateitthisyearwithinformationonswineflu.ComparedwiththenormalseasonalfluH1N1virussofarhasbeen

Ifyou’relike67%ofAmericansyou’recurrentlyoverweightorobese.Ifyou’relike27%yourbloodpressureistoohigh.Ifyou’relikeawhopping96%ofthepopulation.Youmaynotbeabletorecallthelasttimeyouhadasaladsinceyou’reoneofthehundredsofmillionsofAmericanswhorarelyeatenoughvegetables.Andwhatyoudoeatyoudon’tburnoff-assumingyou’relikethe40%ofuswhogetnoexercise.Mosttroublingofallifyou’relikeanyparentofanychildanywhereintheworldyoumaybepassingyourhealthhabitstoyourchildrenwhichexplainswhyexpertsfearthatthisgenerationofAmericankidsmaybethefirstevertohaveashorterlifespanthantheirparentsdo.ExpertsfearthatthisgenerationofAmericankidsmayhaveashorterlifespanthantheirparentsdobecause.

Maybeit’sunsurprisingthattreatmentinruraltownscostslessthaninbigcitieswithalltheirhighpricesvariedpopulationsandurbanwoesIN难灾难.Buttherearealsosignificantdisparitiesintownsthatareotherwiseverysimilar.HowdoyouexplainthefactforinstancethatinBoulderColo.theaveragecostofMedicaretreatmentis$9103whereasanhourawayinFortCollinsColo.thecostis$64487Disparitiesmostprobablymeans

Ahealthprofileisaportraitofallofthefactorsthatinfluenceyourhealth.Todrawyourhealthprofileyouwillneedtoknowwhatdiseasesruninyourfamilywhathealthhazardsyoumaybeexposedtoatworkhowyourdailydietcomparestotherecommendedstandardshowmuchtimeperweekyouspendexercisingandwhattypeofexerciseyouengageinhowstressfulyourworkandfamilyenvironmentsarewhatkindsofillnessesyougetregularlyandwhetherornotyouhaveanyoneofanumberofaddictions.Tocompletethisportraityoushouldhaveacheckuptodeterminehowyourbloodheartandlungsarefunctioning.Thischeckupwillseineasabaseline基础起点towhichyoucanthencomparelatertests.

TherearealotofwaystomeasuretheeffectsofAmerica’safter-the-facthealth-carephilosophybutthemosttellingmightbewhatepidemiologistscallpreventabledeaths.Certainlyplentyofdeathsduetoillnessarenotpreventablebuttherearemanyotherconditionsthatadecenthealth-caresystemshouldbeabletodetectandfixwellbeforetheybecomelife-threatening.MostoftheleadingkillersintheU.S.-includingpneumoniadiabetesandstroke-fallintothiscategory.AccordingtoaCommonwealthFundreportissuedthisyear101000deathsfrom2002to2003couldhavebeenavoidedwithaccesstotimelyandeffectivehealthcare.ThisrateplacestheU.S.19th-last-amongindustrializednations.WhatisthebestwaytoassesstheeffectofAmerica’safter-the-facthealth-carephilosophy

Vitaminsareanotheressentialrequirementforhealth.ThereareaboutflortyknownvitaminslintthemostgenerallyreferredtoareABCDandE.DeficiencyofVitaminAfoundincarrotsrose-hips玫瑰果liveretc.isallegedtoaffectthevisionandtheskinandreduceresistancetoinfection.VitaminCpresentinnearlyallfruitparticularlyorangesandothercitrusfruit柑橘属水果hascometoberegardedasparticularlyeffectiveinthepreventipnofcoldandlowenergystates.

Ifyou’relike67%ofAmericansyou’recurrentlyoverweightorobese.Ifyou’relike27%yourbloodpressureistoohigh.Ifyou’relikeawhopping96%ofthepopulationyoumaynotbeabletorecallthelasttimeyouhadasaladsinceyou’reoneofthehundredsofmillionsofAmericanswhorarelyeatenoughvegetables.Andwhatyoudoeatyoudon’tburnoff-assumingyou’relikethe40%ofUSwhogetnoexercise.Mosttroublingofallifyou’relikeanyparentofanychildanywhereintheworldyoumaybepassingyourhealthhabitstoyourchildrenwhichexplainswhyexpertsfearthatthisgenerationofAmericankidsmaybethefirstevertohaveashorterlifespanthantheirparentsdo.WhatisthepercentageofAmericanswhodonotdophysicalexercise9

Inthatlastsentence.Daviessetforththenationalethicofhealthcareinhiscountry:medicineisnotacommoditytobesoldtothehighestbidderbutarightthatmustbedistributedequitably公平合理的tooneandall.InshorttheCanadianshavebuiltahealth-caresystemthatneatlyfitstheCanadiancharacter:ferociouslyegalitarian平等主义的butthriftyatthesametime.

WithanewAdministrationpromisingmuchneededreforminthewayhealthcareisaccesseddeliveredandreimbursedlegislatorshealthofficialsdoctorsandpatientsseethisasarareopportunityasweetspotinwhichnationalneedcouldmeetnationalwillandwecouldactuallyfixasystemthatseemstobecostingusmoreandmorebutdeliveringlessandless.Theimprovementscan’tcometoosoon.Inspiteofourgleaminghospitalsandcutting-edgetechnologythatcandetectthetiniesttumorsandrepairthemostcomplexorganonsomebasichealthmeasurestheU.S.isstartingtofallbehind--farbehind.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofthepresenthealth-caresystem

Intheaspectofhealthbehaviortheconceptofpersonalchoiceisveryimportant.Accordingtoestimationaround90percentofallillnessesmaybepreventableifindividualswouldmakesoundpersonalhealthchoicesonabasisofcurrentmedicalknowledge.Weallenjoyourfreedomofchoiceanddolikerestrictionswhenitisinthescopeoflegalandmoralboundaries.ThestructureofAmericansocietyallowsustomakealmostallourownpersonaldecisionsthatmayrelatetoourhealth.Ifweareveryeagerwecansmokedrinkexcessivelyrefusetowearseatbeltseataswelikeandliveacompletelysedentarylife--stylewithoutanyexercise.Thefreedomofmakingsuchpersonaldecisionsisafundamentalaspectofoursocietyalthoughthewisdomofthesedecisionscanbequestioned.Personalchoicesrelatedtohealthoftenresultsinadifficulty.Forexampleateenagermayknowthefactsconcernedsmokingcigarettesandhealthbutmaybepressuredbyfriendsintobeingbelievingtodoitissociallyaccepted.

Thequestionisnomereacademicone.Thecaseforexamplewithwhichpeoplecanchangefromworkinginthedaytoworkingatnightisaquestionofgrowingimportanceinindustrywhereautomationcallsinsistentlyforround-the--neckworkingofmachines.ItnormallytakesfromfivedaystooneweekforapersontoadapttoareversedroutineofsleepandwakefulnesssleepingduringthedayandworkingatnightUnfortunatelyitisoftenthecaseinindustrythatshiftsarechangedeveryweek;apersonmayworkfrom12midnightto8a.m.oneweek8a.m.to4p.m.thenextand4P.m.to12midnightthethirdandsoon.Thismeansthatnosoonerhashegotusedtooneroutinethanhehastochangetoanothersothatmuchofhistimeisspentneitherworkingnorsleepingveryefficiently.Howlongdoesitnormallytakeapersontoadapttoareversedroutineofsleepandwakefulness

Thedebateoverspankinggoesbackmanyyearsbuttheessentialquestionoftenevades同避discussion:doesspankingactuallyworkIntheshorttermyes.Youcancorrectimmediatemisbehaviorwithaslaportwoontherear-endorhand.Butwhataboutthelong-termimpactCanspankingleadtopermanenthiddenscarsonchildrenyearslaterWithaslaportwoonthebuttorhandofthechildaparentcan

TheNHSisarareexampleoftrulysocializedmedicine.Healthcareisprovidedbyasinglepayer-theBritishgovernment-andisfundedbythetaxpayer.Allappointmentsandtreatmentsarefreetothepatientthoughpaidforthroughtaxesasarealmostallprescriptiondrugs.ThemaximumcostofreceivinganydrugprescribedbytheNHSis$12.WhichofthefollowingistrueoftheNationalHealthServiceinBritain

Fromtheperspectiveofdiseaseweareallonepeopleonthisplanetdividedbyriskmoreonthebasisofwealththanofgeography.Thisfluwillnotbedeadlyfor99.9percentofthoseitinfectsandthat’sagoodthingnotonlyforinfectedindividualslikemebutfortheworldasawhole.WhyBecausewehaveutterlyflailedtheglobalizationtestinourresponsetoH1N1.Themosteffectivetoolinfightingfluisagoodvaccineandthepharmaceuticalindustryisworkingonmanufqcturingsuppliesrightnow.AccordingtotheWorldHealthOrganization.about1billiondosesofH1N1vaccinehavebeenorderedworldwide.Butmorethan1/2billionpeopleliveonEarth.Fromtheget-gosome85percentoftheworld’spopulationwilbeexcludedfromwhatwerethisavirulent危险的迅速致命的influenzawouldbetheprimarylife-sparingmedicine.Worsethose1billionordershavebeenprioritizedwiththewealthiestnationsatthetopofthelist.ThiseffectivelymeansthatbeforeNewYear’sEveonlyabout5percentoftheworldpopulationwillhavebeenimmunized.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardsthefactthatthewealthiestnationshavetheprioritytoorderthevaccineagainstH1N1

TheproblemwithnormalfluvaccinesisthatinfluenzavirusesarenotoriousshapeshifterssaysDr.JayButlerdirectoroftheCDC’sH1N1VaccineTaskForce.Theymutate突变rapidlyandcanevenexchangegeneswithotherstrainsofflu.HoweverfederalofficialsknowfrommonitoringH1N1intheSouthernHemispherethissummerthatthevirushasbeenunusuallystable.Thereforetheimmuneresponsegeneratedbythevaccineshouldmatchthecirculatingstrainofswineflu.ThevaccinewillbeeffectivesaysButler.FederalofficialshavefoundthatH1N1virus

FortunatelyInolongerneedtogoundertheknifetoretainmyyouthfulallure-Advancesinnonsurgicaltechniqueshavecreatedawholerealmofpossibilitiesforthoseseekinganewandimprovedlookwithoutplasticsurgery.Indeedthegrowingdemandforlessexpensivelessaggressivebeautyprocedures-fromradio-waveface-liftstobiodegradablebreast-fillers-isreshapingthelucrativeplastic-surgeryindustry.IntheU.K.thenumberofnonsurgicalproceduresmorethandoubledfrom2006to2007accountingformorethan80percentofthetotalnumberofcosmeticoperations.EvenduringtheglobalrecessionnonsurgicalproceduresintheU.K.haverisenalbeit尽管moremodestlyaspeopleseekthemoreaffordableoption.Whatisthemainideaoftheparagraph

Don’tapplyiceorbutteroranyothertypeofgreasetoburns.Alsodon’tcoverabumwithatowelorblanketbecauseloosefibersmightsticktotheskin.Whendealingwithaseriousburnbecarefulnottobreakanyblistersorpulloffclothingstucktotheskin.Dowashandapplyantibiotic抗生素ointment软膏tomildburns.Headtothehospitalforanybumstotheeyesmouthorgenital生殖器的areasevenifmild;anyburnthatcoversanarealargerthanyourhand;andanybumthatcausesblistersorisfollowedbyafever.Theparagraphcenterson

InaspeechtoschoolchildrenlastweekthathadsomeconservativeopponentsupinarmsPresidentObamadeliveredatleastonelinethatseemedincontestable无可不论的:Ihopeyou’llallwashyourhandsalotandstayhomefromschoolwhenyoudon’tfeelwellsowecankeeppeoplefromgettingthefluthisfanandwinter.TheDisneycorporationisnowmarketingMusicalHandWashTimersfeaturingcharactersliketheLittleMermaidandencouragingparentstotakeprecautionagainstswineflubyteachingchildrentowashtheirhandscorrectly.Studiesprovethatregularhand-washingdramaticallyreducesthespreadofinfectionsaystheDisneyWebpagewhichlinkstotheCentersforDiseaseControlandPrevention’sWebsite.Whatistheparagraphmainlyabout

Hillman’sstudywhichwillbepublishedlaterthisyearisn’tdefinitiveenoughtostandalone.Butitdoesn’thaveto:it’spartofarecentandrapidlygrowingmovementinscienceshowingthatexercisecanmakepeoplesmarter.Lastweekinalandmarkpaperresearchersannouncedthattheyhadcoaxed耐心谨慎地摆弄thehumanbrainintogrowingnewnervecellsaprocessthatfordecadeshadbeenthoughtimpossiblesimplybyputtingsubjectsonathree-monthaerobic-workoutregimen养生之道.Otherscientistshavefoundthatvigorousexercisecancauseoldernervecellstoformdenseinterconnectedwebsthatmakethebrainrunfasterandmoreefficiently.AndtherearecluesthatphysicalactivitycanstaveoffthebeginningsofAlzheimer’sdiseaseADHDandothercognitivedisorders.Nomatteryourageitseemsastrongactivebodyiscrucialforbuildingastrongactivemind.Whatisthemainideaoftheparagraph

Proteinfoundinmeatandcheeseisusedfortissuebuildingandinthedevelopedcountriesmostpeopleeatabout110gdailywhichisagooddealmorethantherecommendedminimumof70gaday.Animalfatse.g.buyerarealsogoodsourcesofenergybutaresometimesheldtocauseincreasedcholesterollevelsinthebloodwhichmayleadtofattydepositsinthearteriesandarethereforebestavoidedbypeoplesufferingfromcertainformsofheartdiseasevegetablefatsrecommendedasasubstitute.Whoshouldavoidtakinginanimalfat

Aco-workerofminerecentlyrecommendedtodosomeresearchonlinebeforemakingmynextpurchase.Asanelementaryschoolteacherwithamodestsalaryandasizeablemortgagecostwasamajorconcern.WhilesearchingtheWebIfoundafewonlineteethwhiteningcompaniesgivingawayfreetrialswhereyouonlyhadtopayafewdollarsforshipping.IorderedtwoproductsDazzleWhiteandTotalWhitebothofwhichhad9/10ratingsandpositivefeedbackfromallusers.AfterusingthefirstproducttheresultswerenoticeablebutafterfollowingwiththesecondproductIhadacelebritywhitesmile.I’mfarfromamedicalexpertbutitappearsthateachproductfocusedonDIFFERENTpartsoftheproblemandthatthesecondoneputthewhiteningeffectintooverdrive.ByusingthembothinarowIhadabsolutelyunbelievableresults.Ican’tbelievecompaniesarepracticallygivingtheseproductsaway!Whatistheeconomicstatusoftheelementaryschoolteacher

Oncethisprofileisthoroughlydrawnyoucanbegintothinkaboutsettinghealthprioritiesbasedonyourparticularportrait.Forexampleifyoudrinktwomartiniseveryeveninghaveahigh-stressjobareoverweightsmokeapackofcigarettesadayandusemarijuanaoccasionallyonweekendsyoushouldquitsmokingfirstfollowedbylosingtheexcessweightreducingthestressofyourjobgivingupyourmarijuanahabitandthenfinallygivingsomethoughttothosemartinisifyouwanttopreventfirstcancerandthenheandisease.Evenfortheyouthfulworkingpersonwhohasneverbeensickadayinhislifewhoisinexcellenthealthagoodlookatallhealthhabitsandatworkandhomeenvironmentsmaysuggestchangesthatwillbenefithiminthefuture.Ifonesmokesholdsastressfuljobsuffersfromobesityandusesmarijuanaoccasionallywhatshouldhedofirsttoreducethepossibilityofheahhhazards

Oncethisprofileisthoroughlydrawnyoucanbegintothinkaboutsettinghealthprioritiesbasedonyourparticularportrait.Forexampleifyoudrinktwomartiniseveryeveninghaveahigh-stressjobareoverweightsmokeapackofcigarettesadayandusemarijuanaoccasionallyonweekendsyoushouldquitsmokingfirstfollowedbylosingtheexcessweightreducingthestressofyourjobgivingupyourmarijuanahabitandthenfinallygivingsomethoughttothosemartinisifyouwanttopreventfirstcancerandthenheartdisease.Evenfortheyouthfulworkingpersonwhohasneverbeensickadayinhislifewhoisinexcellenthealthagoodlookatallhealthhabitsandatworkandhomeenvironmentsmaysuggestchangesthatwillbenefithiminthefuture.Settinghealthprioritiesinthefirstsentencerefersto

Alotchangedinbetweenthebirthsofmysecondandthirddaughters.ForonethingthistimearoundIreallyamgettingnosleep;foranotherthepediatricianrecommendedsomethingforour1-month-oldthatisdifferentfromwhathadbeensuggestedforourotherchildren.Shesaidweneededtopickupaliquidmultivitaminthatcontains400internationalunitsIUsofvitaminD.Itwasalittleconfusingbecausewithourfirstdaughternowalmost4thedoctortoldustosimplygetheroutinthesunfromtimetotimetoletherbodyproducevitaminD.Whenoursecondchildwasborntwoyearsagoweweretoldtogiveheramultivitaminthathad200IUsofvitaminD.Andnowanotherchange.SowhatgiveswithvitaminDandwhatdowereallyknowaboutitsrisksandbene:fitsHowmuchvitaminDdidthepediatricianrecommendedforthewriter’sthirddaughter

Inthetwoweeksleadinguptomygrandmother’sdeathfromlungcancerlastJanuary-hreemonthsshyofher92ndbirthday-shewastransferredthroughfourseparatehealth-carefacilitiesandsixdifferentbeds.Firsttherewasahospicewhereshewasnotallowedtoreceivemorethanjustrespitecare.Nextshewasmovedtoanassisted-livingfacilitywhereshefelltwice.Afterhersecondfallshewasstrappedtoagumeyandpulledalongabumpysidewalkthroughasnowstormtoanawaitingambulance.ShewastakentotheemergencyroomatNewYork’sLenoxHillHospital.Tenhourslatershewasassignedtoabed.Shestayedforthreedaysbeforebeingtransferredtoanotherhospicewhereshediedminutesaftershearrived.Ifmyfatherhadn’tredirectedtheambulancedriverwhotookherfromLenoxHilltothesecondhospiceshewouldhavediedinthebackofavanheadedinthewrongdirection.Mygrandmotherdied.

BlindnessfirstbegancreepinguponBarbaraCampbellwhenshewasateenagerandbyherlate30shereyediseasehadstolenwhatwasleftofhersight.Reliant依赖于onatalkingcomputerforreadingandacanefornavigatingNewYorkCitywhereshelivesandworksMs.Campbellnow56wouldhavebeenthrilledtoseesomething.Anything.Nowaspartofastrikingexperimentshecan.Sofarshecandetectburnersonherstovewhenmakingagrilledcheesehermirrorflameandwhetherhercomputermonitorison.

TheolderIgettheyoungerIwanttolook.Asawomanwhohasneverbelievedinwearingmakeup.IalwaysassumedIwouldagegracefullyandbehappyaboutit.Butthatplanwhichsoundedsoinfallible永远正确的atage20doesn’tseemquiteasappealingnowthatI’mpushing40andgravityisbeginningtowinthewar.Inthewriter’seyesaginggracefully

Visityourdoctorforregularcheckups.Duringacheckupyourdoctorcangiveyoutestsandcheckyourhealth.Manyserioushealthproblemsarefoundduringaregularcheckup.Sodon’tgotothedoctoronlywhenyouaresick.Seethedoctoronceayearforacheckup.Spendtimewithfriendsandfamily.Weallneedtoenjoyourlifewithothers.Yourfriendsandfamilywillmakeyoufeelgood.Ifyoufeelgoodyouwillstayhealthy!Somaketimeforyourlovedones.Duringacheckupaccordingtothefirstparagraphthedoctorwill

Themostwidespreadfallacy谬误ofallisthatcoldsarecausedbycold.Theyarenot.Theyarecausedbyvirusespassageonfrompersontoperson.Youcatchacoldbycomingintocontactdirectlyorindirectlywithsomeonewhoalreadyhasone.IfcoldcausescoldsitwouldbereasonabletoexpecttheEskimostosufferfromthempermanently.Buttheydonot.Andinisolatedarcticregionsexplorershavetheoutsideworldbywayofpackagesandmaildroppedfromairplanes.

WhyaretwoshotsthoughttobenecessaryPeoplebornafter1957havenotbeenexposedtoasimilarvirus.Thefirstdoseprimes使准备好theimmunesystemtorespondbutit’sthesecondshotthattriggerstheproductionofantibodies.Thisisnotunusual.Anumberofvaccinesaregivenforthefirsttimeinmultidoseseries.Forexampletheseasonalfluvaccineisgivenintwoshotstochildrenunder9ifthey’veneverhadtheflu.Whatisthefunctionofthefirstshotofthevaccine

Notsurprisinglymanyofthenon-surgicalproceduresareofferedathotelspas.TheLeadingHotelsoftheWorldaluxuryhospitalityorganizationrepresentingmorethan450hotelsresortsandspashasthewidestrangeofalternativesinavarietyofCountries.TheHotelCarlsbadPlazaintheCzechRepublicofferscryotherapywhereguestsmainlylocalsstayforseveralminutesinaroomwherethetemperatureisbelowfreezing.Thegoalistostimulatefree-flowingcollagenthemainhormoneresponsibleforasilky-smoothcomplexionwhichisplentifulinyouthbutfadeswithage.Localsalsocan’tgetenoughofthedrycarbon-dioxidebathwhichwrapsthebodyinaplasticbagfilledwiththenaturalgasreducingswellingandallergicreactionsandhealinganyscars.AttheTermediSaturniaSpa&GolfResortinMaremmaItalyclientscantryIsophoresisallalternativetoliposuction吸脂法thatusesultrasoundtoforcevitaminsantiplantextractsbelowtheskintobreakdownfatdeposits.Theydissolveintothebloodstreamandareeliminatedthroughthebowelsandkidneys.Thenon-surgicalproceduresareconducted

ResearcherssayatleastfourpatientshavediedafterliposuctioninNewYorkandoneinanotherUScityraisingquestionsaboutthesafetyofthenation’smostpopulartypeofcosmeticsurgery.Untilnowtherehavebeenoccasionalnewsstoriesofpatientsdyingafterliposuctioninwhichunwantedbodyfatisvacuumedout.Butareportinyesterday’sissueoftheNewEnglandJournalofMedicineisthefirstdetailedaccountinamedicaljournal.DoctorsreviewingsixyearsofautopsyrecordsinNewYorkCityfoundfourpatientswhohaddiedafterliposuction.

OnFridayasociologistfromtheUniversityofNewHampshireMurrayStrauspresentedapaperattheInternationalConferenceonViolenceAbuseandTraumainSanDiegosuggestingthatcorporal身体的punishmentdoesleavealong-lastingmark-intheformoflowerIQ.Strauswhois83andhasbeenstudyingcorporalpunishmentsince1969foundthatkidswhowerephysicallypunishedhaduptoafive-pointlowerIQscorethankidswhoweren’t-themorechildrenwerespankedthelowertheirIQ--andthattheeffectcouldbeseennotonlyinindividualchildrenbutacrossentirenations.Among32countriesStrausstudiedinthosewherespankingwasacceptedtheaverageIQofthesurveypopulationwaslowerthaninnationswherespankingwasraretheresearchersays.

AmidstthesecondworstrecessioninUnitedStateshistorythriftyconsumersareturningtotheinternettotakeadvantageofspecialoffers.EmilyaCaliforniaschoolteacherandfulltimemotherisonesuchconsumer.ItallstanedaboutthreemonthsagowhensheboughtanauthenticCoachpocketbookonsaleforonly$5575%offtheretailprice.Shewasdeterminedtoseekoutothergreatoffersandrecentlymadeherbestfind.Emilydiscoveredacleverwayofcombiningtwodifferentteethwhiteningoffersfromtwodifferentcompanies-DazzleWhiteandTotalWhite-togetresultssimilartothatofaDrofessionalwhiteningdonebyadentist.Ratherthenspending$500atherlocaldentisttoattainaperfectsmileshewasabletodosoforlessthan$5byusingfreetrial*offersshefoundonline.WhodidEmilydoforajob

Ahealthprofileisaportraitofallofthefactorsthatinfluenceyourhealth.Todrawyourhealthprofileyouwillneedtoknowwhatdiseasesruninyourfamilywhathealthhazardsyoumaybeexposedtoatworkhowyourdailydietcomparestotherecommendedstandardshowmuchtimeperweekyouspendexercisingandwhattypeofexerciseyouengageinhowstressfulyourworkandfamilyenvironmentsarewhatkindsofillnessesyougetregularlyandwhetherornotyouhaveanyoneofanumberofaddictions.Tocompletethisportraityoushouldhaveacheckuptodeterminehowyourbloodheartandlungsarefunctioning.Thischeckupwillserveasabaseline基础起点towhichyoucanthencomparelatertests.Whatisahealthprofile

下面每个句子中均有1个词或者短语划有底横线请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项Theumbrellawasingeniouslydevisedtofoldupintothepocket

NICEuseswhatitcallscitizenscouncilstohelpitsortthroughdifficultethicalissuesandoneofthedecisionsthecouncilshavemadeisthatageshouldnotbeafactorintheinstitute’sapprovalprocess--thatistosayayearoflifeshouldbeconsideredasvaluabletoa77-year-oldastoa12-year-old.Ineverypartofthesystema77-year--oldhasthesameaccesstotreatmentasanyoneelseinBritain.CitizenscouncilscanhelpNICE

Don’tfailtogetmedicalattentionforajoltofelectricityforinstancefromlightningapowerlineorhomeelectricalcordsevenifnodamageisevident.Anelectricalbumcancauseinvisibleandseriousinjurydeeperinsidethebody.Morethan500Americansdieeveryyearfromelectricalburns.DogototheERimmediately.Besuretogetmedicalattentionforelectricalburnsevenifthereisnoobviousdamagebecause.

WhileNICE’sdecisionshaveangeredsomedoctorsandpatientgroups-particularlysomeoncologists肿瘤科医生whosaytheyareunabletoprescribeexpensivelife-extendingcancerdrugs-mainstreampoliticiansthemediaandmostBritonsacceptNICE’srarerejectionsasanecessarycompromisetokeepuniversalcoverageaffordableinthefaceofrisinghealth-carecosts.AsNICEchairmanSirMichaelRawlinsrecentlytoldTIMEAllhealth-caresystemshaveimplicitlyifnotexplicitlyadoptedsomeformofcostcontrol.IntheU.S.youdoitbynotprovidinghealthcaretosomepeople.That’saratherbrutalwayofdoingit.NICE’sdecisionsheartheloudestvoiceofdisapprovalfrom

It’sbecometheconventionalwisdomthatthetorturedwillsayanythingtomakethetorturestopandthatanythingneednotbetruthfulaslongasitiswhatthetorturerswanttohear.Butyearsworthofstudiesinneuroscienceaswellasnewresearchsuggestthatthereareinadditionfundamentalaspectsofneurochemistrythatincreasethechancethatinformationobtainedundertorturewillnotbetruthful.Incommonsenseatorturedpersonwillsayanythingto

It’smostimportanttowashyourhandsfrequentlyandwell-20secondswithsoapandwater-andavoidtouchingyoureyesandnose.Alcohol-basedhandgelsarealsoeffective.Secondtoavoidspreadinggermscoveryourmouthwhenyoucoughorsneezepreferablyusingyoursleeveoratissue.Andthirdifyou’resickoryourchildissickstayhomeuntilthefeverhasgoneawayforatleast24hourswithouttheuseoffever-reducingmedication.Peoplecanavoidspreadinggermsby

下面每个句子中均有1个词或者短语划有底横线请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项Weareworriedaboutthisfluidsituationfullwithuncertainty

AccordingtonewsreportsUSrestaurantsarepartlytoblameforthegrowingbellies.AwaiterputsaplateoffoodinfrontofeachcustomerwithtwotofourtimestheamountrecommendedbythegovernmentaccordingtoaUSATodaystory.Americanstraditionallyassociatequantitywithvalueandmostrestaurantstrytogivethemthat.Theyprefertohavecustomerscomplainabouttoomuchfoodratherthantoolittle.BarbaraRoilsanutritionprofessoratPennsylvaniaStateUniversitytoldUSATodaythatrestaurantportionsizesbegantogrowinthe1970sthesametimethattheAmericanwaistlinebegantoexpand.TheaveragewaistlineofAmericansstartedtogrow

ResearchersintheNetherlandsusedferretstostudythetransmissionofH1N1andfoundthatthediseasewasefficientlytransmittedbysmallairborneparticles.Anearlierstudyexaminingadifferentflustraininguineapigsfoundthattheanimalsdidnotpickuptheviresfromcontaminatedcages.Thatsuggeststhatyou’renotreallysaferfromthefluvirusifyouscrubyourhandspawsorcagesbecausethevirustravelsthroughtheair.Whilethere’snotenoughevidencetoconclusivelysaythefluworksthesamewayforhumansthecurrentresearchsuggeststhattheH1N1flutravelsmostlybyair.notviahand-to-handcontact-andthereforewon’tbepreventedthroughhand-washing.

TheprogramrunbypsychotherapistsCosetteDawnaRaeandHilarieCashislocatedinRae’shousewhereherhusbandandsonalsoreside.There’sroomforsixpatientsbutduringAlexander’streatmentheistheonlyoneatthefacility.Heisgivenaregularschedulewithoutdooractivitiesincludingcarpentryprojectsorcaringforchickensandgoatsplottedthroughoutthedaypluschoresandmeals.Raesaystheprogramisdesignedtomimicwhatlifewillbelikeoncepatientsreturnhome--downtimeisbuiltintotheroutinesopeoplecanlearntocopewithboredom.Alexanderspendssomeofthattimerunning--whenhefirstgottothefacilityheexpressedallinterestinrunningsoRaeandCashsethimupwithalocaltrainerwhonowtakeshimonregularjogs.AlexanderalsohasdailycounselingsessionswithRaewheretheydiscusshislong-termgoalsandevenworkonaplanforatutoringbusinesshehopestostart.OnceaweekhehasatherapysessionwithCashaspecialistinvideogameandInternetaddiction.Downtimewasbuiltintotheroutineduringwhich

Since2000thenumberofcollegestudentsdietingvomitingortakinglaxativestoloseweighthasjumpedfromabout28to38percentaccordingtotheAmericanCollegeHealthAssociation’sannualsurveys.Well-balancedcaloricintakewithregularmealsandphysicalactivity-notdieting-isthebestwaytoavoidobesitysaysKreipeaprofessorattheUniversityofRochesterMedicalCenter.That’swhyinhisviewcalorieinformationdoesn’tbenefitstudents.Nutritionisnotasimplethingthatcanbedistilled提炼downintoalabelhesays.There’satendencyforpeopletooverinterpretwhataspecificnumbermeans.

Reingoldandotherepidemiologistsdon’tdiscounthand--washingasanimportanttoolinpublichealth:thereisplentyofevidencethatitpreventsothernastybugsincludingthecommoncoldmanyrespiratory呼吸道的infectionsandvirusesthatcausediarrhea腹泻.ButReingoldisbotheredbythelackofsciencesupportingtheCDC’smessageandheworriesthattheemphasisonasimplemeasurelikehand-washingcreatesafalsesenseofsecurityfromH1N1andtampsdownthediscussionofmoredifficultpreventivemeasures.Hesaidasmuchinane-mailtotheCDCthisMay.Iwouldn’tcaresomuchthatwemightbegettingfolkstoimprovehand-washing...withwhatislikelytobeincorrectinformationaboutitsabilitytopreventinfluenzaifthemediaandthecourtofpublicopinionweren’tsoquicktoembraceitastheonlysolutionattheexpenseofthingslikesurgicalmaskswroteReingoldinhislettertotheCDC.WhileReingoldadmitshedoesn’tknowifmaskswouldreducetransmissionofthevirushehypothesizesthatthey’remorelikelytobehelpfulcontainingexposuretotheairbornevirusthanhand-washingandshouldnotbesoeasilydiscounted.Otherexpertsareskepticaloffacemasksbecauseit’sdifficulttoensureproperuseorthatpeoplewillweartheminthefirstplace.Hand-washingcanpreventsomenastybugsbutnotincluding

AfterSusanJoycewaslaidofffromDigitalEquipmentCorp.shewashorrifiedtohearoftwosuicidesinherlayoffgroup.Thenshelearnedaboutacolleaguewhostabbedhiswifetodeathandhunghimself.Iworkedwithhimfor10yearsmaybemoresaysJoyce.Heseemedlikeaniceguy.WhenbeinglaidoffSusanJoycehadworked.

WhyaretwoshotsthoughttobenecessaryPeoplebornafter1957havenotbeenexposedtoasimilarvirus.Thefirstdoseprimestheimmunesystemtorespondbutit’sthesecondshotthattriggerstheproductionofantibodies.Thisisnotunusual.Anumberofvaccinesaregivenforthefirsttimeinmultidoseseries.Forexampletheseasonalfluvaccineisgivenintwoshotstochildrenunder9ifthey’veneverhadtheflu.Whyaretwoshotsthoughttobenecessary

Mymotherwantedtodie.butthedoctorswouldn’tlether.Atleastthat’sthewayitseemedtomeasIstoodbyherbedinanintensive-careunitatahospitalinHiltonHeadS.C.fiveyearsago.Mymotherwas79alongtimesmokerwhowasdyingofemphysema肺气肿.Sheknewthatherqualityoflifewasincreasinglytetheredtoanoxygentankthatshewaslosingherabilitytogetaboutandthatshewasslowlydrowning.ThedoctorsatherbedsidewererecommendingvarioustestsandprocedurestokeepheralivebutmymotherwithacertainfirmnessIrecognizedsaidno.Sheseemedpuzzledandabitfrustratedthatshehadtobesoinsistentonherowndemise死亡.Tetheredintheparagraphcanbebestreplacedby

SincethenCashhasfocusedherpracticeonvideo-gameandInternetaddictiontreatingpatientswhousetheirelectronicmediasoobsessivelythattheystopsleepingandeatingproperlyruinrelationshipswithlovedonessufferrepetitiveuseinjuriessuchaseyestrainandcarpaltunnelsyndromeanddevelopdepressionandanxietyamongotherthings.Cash’sprivatepracticeislocatedinRedmondWash.thehomeofMicrosoft--notanentirelysurprisinghubofcompulsiveInternetandvideo-gameuseshesays.IndeedtheSeattle--Tacomaareaisthenation’s13thlargestmediamarketandhasthehighestlevelofInternetuseinthecountry;accordingtoarecentstudymorethan45%ofadultsinthearearegularlyplayvideogames.There’snothingwrongwiththistechnologysaysCashwhoiscarefultonotethatit’snotthemediumthatistoblamebutratherthelackofeducationaboutit.It’sallinhowit’susedWhichofthefollowingisnotasymptomofvideo-gameandInternetaddictionaccordingtoCash

Thesecasesmaysoundextremebutbeingfiredorlaidoffisundeniablyoneoflife’sbiggestblowsandcanleadtoclinicaldepressionviolenceandalcoholabuseaswellasstrokesandheartattacks.Eventhefearoflosingajobproducesmoredoctorvisitsandhealthworries.Inshorttherecentnewsaboutrisingunemploymentandjobinsecuritymaybebadnewsforourhealth.BeinglaidoffmayleadtoallthefollowingEXCEPT

AlexanderisthefirstpatientatthenewlyopenedRESTARTavideo-gameandInternetaddictionrecoveryprograminFallCityWash.about30mileseastofSeattle.It’shardtoimagineAlexandernowmerrilygivingatourofthewoodsyfacilitygluedtoacomputergameformorethan16hoursadaybuthesaysItwasprettymuchallIwasdoingwhen1wasincollege.WhereisRESTARTlocated