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Robots ? ?1．The most sophisticated (先进的) Japanese robots, which have vision systems and work at very...
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Robots??1．Themostsophisticated先进的Japaneserobotswhi
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? ?阅读下面这篇短文短文后有2项测试任务1第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第235和6段每
Robots??1．Themostsophisticated先进的Japaneserobotswhi
? ?阅读下面这篇短文短文后有2项测试任务1第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第235和6段每
短文填空把方框中所给词的正确形式填空填在文后的横线上we;drive;use;true;factor
Robots??1．Themostsophisticated先进的Japaneserobotswhi
Robots??1．Themostsophisticated先进的Japaneserobotswhi
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Robots??1．Themostsophisticated先进的Japaneserobotswhi
RobotsseemverynewtomostpeoplE.Buttheyhavealonghist
? ?阅读下面这篇短文短文后有2项测试任务1第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第235和6段每
EventhemostsophisticatedJapaneserobotsare______.
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Manypeoplethinkofrobotsthatthinkandactlikehumansas
Robots??1．Themostsophisticated先进的Japaneserobotswhi
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BlackHolesMostscientistsagreethatblackholesexistbutarenearlyimpossibletolocate.A．blackholeintheuniverseisnotasolidobjectlikeaplanetbutitisshapedlikeasphere球体.Astronomers天文学家thinkthatatthecenterofablackholethereisasinglepointinspacewithinfinite无限的density稠密.Thissinglepointiscalledasingularity奇点.Ifthesingularitytheoryiscorrectitmeansthatwhenamassivestarcollapsesallthematerialinitdisappearsintothesingularity.Thecenterofablackholewouldnotreallybeaholeatallbutaninfinitelydensepoint.Anythingthatcrossestheblackholeispulledinbyitsgreatgravity.Althoughblackholesdoexisttheyaredifficulttoobserve.Thesearethereasons.·Nolightoranythingelsecomesoutofblackholes.Asaresulttheyareinvisibletoatelescope.·Inastronomicaltermsblackholesaretrulytiny.Forexampleablackholeformedbythecollapseofagiantstarwouldhaveaneventhorizon视界only18milesacross.·ThenearestblackholeswouldbedozensoflightyearsawayfromEarth.Onelightyearisabout6trillion万亿miles.Eventhemostpowerfultelescopescouldnotpickoutanobjectsosmallatsuchagreatdistance.In1994theHubbleSpaceTelescopeprovidedevidencethatblackholesexist.Therearestillanswerstobefoundhoweversoblackholesremainoneofthemysteriesoftheuniverse.Thesunistheheavieststarintheuniverse.
{{*HTML*}}Ford??1．Ford’sgreatstrengthwasthemanufacturingprocess—notinvention.Longbeforehestartedacarcompanyhewasaworkerknownforpickinguppiecesofmetalandwireandturningthemintomachines.Hestartedputtingcarstogetherin1891.AlthoughitwasbynomeansthefirstpopularautomobiletheModelTshowedtheworldjusthowcreativeFordwasatcombiningtechnologyandmarket.??2．Thecompany’sassemblylinealonethrewAmerica’sIndustrialRevolutionintooverdrive高速运转.InsteadofhavingworkersputtogethertheentirecarFord’sfriendswhoweregreattoolmakersfromScotlandorganizedteamsthataddedpartstoeachModelTasitmoveddownaline.BythetimeFord’sHighlandParkplantwashumming嗡嗡作响alongin1914theworld’sfirstautomaticconveyorbeltcouldturnoutacarevery93minutes.??3．ThesameyearHenryFordshockedtheworldwiththe$5-a-dayminimumwageschemethegreatestcontributionhehadevermade.Theaveragewageintheautoindustrythenwas$2.34fora9-hourshift.Fordnotonlydoubledthathealsotookanhourofftheworkday.Inthoseyearsitwasunthinkablethatamancouldbepaidthatmuchfordoingsomethingthatdidn’tinvolveanawfullotoftrainingoreducation.TheWallStreetJournalcalledtheplananeconomiccrimeandcriticseverywherelaughedatFord.??4．Butasthewageincreasedlatertodaily$10itprovedacriticalcomponentofFord’sdreamtomaketheautomobileaccessible可及的toall.ThecriticsweretoostupidtounderstandthatbecauseFordhadloweredhiscostspercarthehigherwagesdidn’tmatter—exceptformakingitpossibleformorepeopletobuycars.{{*HTML*}}A．Ford’sopponents??B．Theassemblyline??C．Ford’sgreatdream??D．Theestablishmentofthecompany??E．Ford’sbiggestcontribution??F．Ford’sgreattalent??Paragraph1______
{{*HTML*}}UnlockingtheHumanGenome基因组??1．A．projecttounlocksecrets—whatscientistcouldresistthatchallenge?ThisiswhatmanyscientistsaredoingastheyworkontheHumanGenomeProject.Theaimoftheprojectistodecode破译allofthesome100000genesinthehumanbody.ScientistsareusingDNAfingerprintingtechniquestodothedecoding.??2．DNA．isthesubstancefoundinthechromosomes染色体ofacell.Achromosomeisachainofgenes.Eachgenecarriesapieceofgeneticinformation.Atanyonemomentinacellthousandsofgenesareturnedonandofftoproduceproteins蛋白质.Thechallengeforscientistsistofindoutwhatroleeachgeneplaysinproteinproduction.Atsomepointthisdecodingwillbecomplete.Thenscientistswillhaveamapofanidealgenomeorapictureofthetotalgeneticnatureofahumanbeing.Theidealgenomeiscalledaconsensus交感genome.Everythingworkswellinaconsensusgenome.??3．Butnooneintheworldhasaconsensusgenome.Everyone’sgenomeisdifferentfromtheideal.Thesedifferencesarereferredtoasgeneticmutations突变.Geneticmutationsinaperson’sgenomemeanthatthepersonhasagreaterthanaveragechanceofsufferingfromhealthproblems.Someproblemsarenotlife-threatening.Thesewouldincludethingslikecolorblindnessormildheadaches.Otherproblemsareserioussuchasheartdiseaseorcancer.??4．Itwilltakeyearstoidentifytheroleofeachofthe100000genes.Theshort-termgoaloftheprojectistofindthephysicalandmentalhealthproblemsapersonislikelytoencounterduringhisorherlifetime.Thelong-termgoalistohaveeachpersonlivealongerhealthierlife.Geneticmutationsinaperson’sgenomemayaffect______.
{{*HTML*}}EarlyIdeasabouttheUniverse??1．Earlymangothisideasabouttheuniversebylookingatthestarsasyoudo.Heobservedcarefullyandlearnedmanythingsaboutthesunthemoonandthestars.??2．Supposeyouwereaskedtocollectevidenceaboutthesunasearlymandid.Youmightgooutmorningaftermorningandseeitcomeupintheeast.Evenoncloudymorningsyouwouldobservethatthedarknessgoesawayandtheworldbecomeslight.Youmightnotseethesunbutwouldbesureitistherebecauseyounoticethattheearthwarmsup.Asyoucontinuedthesunclimbshigherintheskyeachdayduringpartoftheyear.Itstaysintheskylonger.Theearthgetswarmer.Thingsbegintogrow.Itisspringandthensummer.??3．Afterawhilethesunstaysintheskyforshorterandshorterperiods.Manyplantsbegintodie.Leavesfall.Wintercomes.Yearafteryearthisisrepeatedandyoucannottellexactlywhyithappens.Butyourealizethatthesunseemstomakethedifference.Primitive原始的manfeltthatsincethesunwassopowerfulitmustbeagod.Itmayseemsillytousnowtoworship崇拜asun-godbutprimitivemanwasrightabouttheimportanceofthesuntolifeonearth.??4．Youhavebeentoldthattheworldisround.Butsupposenoonehadevertaughtyouthattheworldwaslikeahugeball.Wouldyouhaveeverthoughtofityourself?Youcannotseethecurve曲线oftheearthatonce.Youwouldhavenoideaofhowbigitwas.That’swhyearlymanbelievedthattheearthwassmallandflat.Suchideasappearedfromtheevidencetheyhad.??5．Ifyouwatchthestarsnightafternightyouwillseethemriseandset.Asyoulookattheskyitisnotdifficulttoimaginethatyouareinthecenterofavastcollectionoftwinkling闪烁lights.Someearlyastronomers天文学家believedtheskywasacrystalshellorseriesofcrystalshellsoneinsidetheother.Theybelievedthisbecausethatiswhatthenightskylookedlike.Formanycenturiesmenbelievedthattheearthwasthecenteroftheuniverseandthatthesunthemoonandthestarscircledaroundit.{{*HTML*}}A．EarlyIdeasabouttheSkyandtheStars??B．TheImportanceoftheSuntoLifeonEarth??C．PrimitiveKnowledgeoftheMoon??D．TheSuninAutumnandWinter??E．EarlyIdeasabouttheEarth??F．CollectingEvidenceabouttheSun??Paragraph2______
NewProductWillSavelivesDrinkingwaterthatlookscleanmaystillcontainbugs虫子whichcancauseillness.AsmallcompanycalledGeneraTechnologieshasproducedatestingmethodinthreestageswhichshowswhetherwaterissafe.Thenewtestshowsifwaterneedschemicalsaddedtoittodestroyanythingharmful.ItwasinventedbyscientistDr.AdrianPartonwhostartedGenerafiveyearsago.HeandhisemployeeshavedevelopedthetesttogetherwithaBritishwatercompany.AndyHeadlandGenera’smarketingdirectorrecentlypresentedthetestataconferenceintheUSAandforecastgoodAmericansalesforit.Generahasalreadysold11ofitstestsat$42500atimeintheUKandhasafurtherfouronorder.Itexpectstosellanother25testsbeforetheendofMarch.ThecompanysaysitistheonlytestintheUKtobeapprovedbythegovernment.GenerawasformedfiveyearsagoanduntilOctoberlastyearhadonlyfiveemployees;itnowemploys14.MrHeadlandbelievesthatthecompanyshouldmakearound$19millionbytheendoftheyearintheUKalone.Eachofthetestscosts$42500.
{{*HTML*}}UnlockingtheHumanGenome基因组??1．A．projecttounlocksecrets—whatscientistcouldresistthatchallenge?ThisiswhatmanyscientistsaredoingastheyworkontheHumanGenomeProject.Theaimoftheprojectistodecode破译allofthesome100000genesinthehumanbody.ScientistsareusingDNAfingerprintingtechniquestodothedecoding.??2．DNA．isthesubstancefoundinthechromosomes染色体ofacell.Achromosomeisachainofgenes.Eachgenecarriesapieceofgeneticinformation.Atanyonemomentinacellthousandsofgenesareturnedonandofftoproduceproteins蛋白质.Thechallengeforscientistsistofindoutwhatroleeachgeneplaysinproteinproduction.Atsomepointthisdecodingwillbecomplete.Thenscientistswillhaveamapofanidealgenomeorapictureofthetotalgeneticnatureofahumanbeing.Theidealgenomeiscalledaconsensus交感genome.Everythingworkswellinaconsensusgenome.??3．Butnooneintheworldhasaconsensusgenome.Everyone’sgenomeisdifferentfromtheideal.Thesedifferencesarereferredtoasgeneticmutations突变.Geneticmutationsinaperson’sgenomemeanthatthepersonhasagreaterthanaveragechanceofsufferingfromhealthproblems.Someproblemsarenotlife-threatening.Thesewouldincludethingslikecolorblindnessormildheadaches.Otherproblemsareserioussuchasheartdiseaseorcancer.??4．Itwilltakeyearstoidentifytheroleofeachofthe100000genes.Theshort-termgoaloftheprojectistofindthephysicalandmentalhealthproblemsapersonislikelytoencounterduringhisorherlifetime.Thelong-termgoalistohaveeachpersonlivealongerhealthierlife.{{*HTML*}}A．thatperson’shealth??B．ascientificanswer??C．scientificresearchers??D．thegenes??E．thefunction??F．thesize??TheHumanGenomeProjectistryingtomapall______thatmakeushuman.
NewProductWillSavelivesDrinkingwaterthatlookscleanmaystillcontainbugs虫子whichcancauseillness.AsmallcompanycalledGeneraTechnologieshasproducedatestingmethodinthreestageswhichshowswhetherwaterissafe.Thenewtestshowsifwaterneedschemicalsaddedtoittodestroyanythingharmful.ItwasinventedbyscientistDr.AdrianPartonwhostartedGenerafiveyearsago.HeandhisemployeeshavedevelopedthetesttogetherwithaBritishwatercompany.AndyHeadlandGenera’smarketingdirectorrecentlypresentedthetestataconferenceintheUSAandforecastgoodAmericansalesforit.Generahasalreadysold11ofitstestsat$42500atimeintheUKandhasafurtherfouronorder.Itexpectstosellanother25testsbeforetheendofMarch.ThecompanysaysitistheonlytestintheUKtobeapprovedbythegovernment.GenerawasformedfiveyearsagoanduntilOctoberlastyearhadonlyfiveemployees;itnowemploys14.MrHeadlandbelievesthatthecompanyshouldmakearound$19millionbytheendoftheyearintheUKalone.BeforehesetupGeneraDr.PartonhadworkedforaBritishwatercompany.
{{*HTML*}}EarlyIdeasabouttheUniverse??1．Earlymangothisideasabouttheuniversebylookingatthestarsasyoudo.Heobservedcarefullyandlearnedmanythingsaboutthesunthemoonandthestars.??2．Supposeyouwereaskedtocollectevidenceaboutthesunasearlymandid.Youmightgooutmorningaftermorningandseeitcomeupintheeast.Evenoncloudymorningsyouwouldobservethatthedarknessgoesawayandtheworldbecomeslight.Youmightnotseethesunbutwouldbesureitistherebecauseyounoticethattheearthwarmsup.Asyoucontinuedthesunclimbshigherintheskyeachdayduringpartoftheyear.Itstaysintheskylonger.Theearthgetswarmer.Thingsbegintogrow.Itisspringandthensummer.??3．Afterawhilethesunstaysintheskyforshorterandshorterperiods.Manyplantsbegintodie.Leavesfall.Wintercomes.Yearafteryearthisisrepeatedandyoucannottellexactlywhyithappens.Butyourealizethatthesunseemstomakethedifference.Primitive原始的manfeltthatsincethesunwassopowerfulitmustbeagod.Itmayseemsillytousnowtoworship崇拜asun-godbutprimitivemanwasrightabouttheimportanceofthesuntolifeonearth.??4．Youhavebeentoldthattheworldisround.Butsupposenoonehadevertaughtyouthattheworldwaslikeahugeball.Wouldyouhaveeverthoughtofityourself?Youcannotseethecurve曲线oftheearthatonce.Youwouldhavenoideaofhowbigitwas.That’swhyearlymanbelievedthattheearthwassmallandflat.Suchideasappearedfromtheevidencetheyhad.??5．Ifyouwatchthestarsnightafternightyouwillseethemriseandset.Asyoulookattheskyitisnotdifficulttoimaginethatyouareinthecenterofavastcollectionoftwinkling闪烁lights.Someearlyastronomers天文学家believedtheskywasacrystalshellorseriesofcrystalshellsoneinsidetheother.Theybelievedthisbecausethatiswhatthenightskylookedlike.Formanycenturiesmenbelievedthattheearthwasthecenteroftheuniverseandthatthesunthemoonandthestarscircledaroundit.Earlymanthoughttheearthwasthecenteroftheuniversebecause______.
EarthquakeHowdoesanearthquakestartWhatmakesanearthquakehappenTherockoftheearth’scrust地壳mayhaveafaultakindofbreakinthesurface.Theblockswhichmakeuptheearthmoveandsometimesthismaycausethesidesofthefaulttomoveupanddownorlengthways纵向againsteachother.Whenonepieceofrockstartstorubonanotherwithgreatforcealotofenergyisused.Thisenergyischangedintovibrations振动anditisthesevibrationsthatwefeelasanearthquake.ThevibrationscantravelthousandsofkilometersandsoanearthquakeinTurkeymaybefeltinGreeceWhattododuringanearthquakeAtschoolAssoonastheearthquakestartsstudentsshouldgetunderthedesksimmediatelyandwaituntiltheteachertellsthemitissafetocomeout.Theteachershouldatthesametimegoimmediatelytotheteacher’sdeskgetunderneath在下面itandstaytheretillthedangerisover.Studentsmustnotarguewiththeteacherorquestioninstructions.Assoonasthetremors震动stopallstudentsshouldwalktowardstheexitandgostraighttotheschoolplaygroundoranyopenspacesuchasasquareorapark.Theymustwaitthereuntiltheteachertellsthemitissafetogo.AthomeIfyouareathomewhentheearthquakeoccursgetimmediatelyunderthetableinthelivingroomorkitchen.Choosethebiggestandstrongesttableyoucanfind.Youmustnotgoanywherenearthewindowanddon’tgooutontothebalcony阳台.Oncethetremorshavestoppedyoucancomeoutfromunderthetablebutyoumustleavethebuildingstraightaway.Youshouldwalkdownthestairsandshouldnotusethelift—theremaybeapowercutasaresultoftheearthquakeandyoucouldfindyourselftrappedinsidetheliftforhours.InthestreetIfyouareinthestreetwhentheearthquaketakesplacedonotstandnearbuildingsfencesorwalls—moveawayasquicklyaspossibleandtrytofindalargeopenspacetowaitin.Standingundertreescouldalsobedangerous.6Thebestwaytoleavethebuildingduringanearthquakeistogetintoalift.
{{*HTML*}}UnlockingtheHumanGenome基因组??1．A．projecttounlocksecrets—whatscientistcouldresistthatchallenge?ThisiswhatmanyscientistsaredoingastheyworkontheHumanGenomeProject.Theaimoftheprojectistodecode破译allofthesome100000genesinthehumanbody.ScientistsareusingDNAfingerprintingtechniquestodothedecoding.??2．DNA．isthesubstancefoundinthechromosomes染色体ofacell.Achromosomeisachainofgenes.Eachgenecarriesapieceofgeneticinformation.Atanyonemomentinacellthousandsofgenesareturnedonandofftoproduceproteins蛋白质.Thechallengeforscientistsistofindoutwhatroleeachgeneplaysinproteinproduction.Atsomepointthisdecodingwillbecomplete.Thenscientistswillhaveamapofanidealgenomeorapictureofthetotalgeneticnatureofahumanbeing.Theidealgenomeiscalledaconsensus交感genome.Everythingworkswellinaconsensusgenome.??3．Butnooneintheworldhasaconsensusgenome.Everyone’sgenomeisdifferentfromtheideal.Thesedifferencesarereferredtoasgeneticmutations突变.Geneticmutationsinaperson’sgenomemeanthatthepersonhasagreaterthanaveragechanceofsufferingfromhealthproblems.Someproblemsarenotlife-threatening.Thesewouldincludethingslikecolorblindnessormildheadaches.Otherproblemsareserioussuchasheartdiseaseorcancer.??4．Itwilltakeyearstoidentifytheroleofeachofthe100000genes.Theshort-termgoaloftheprojectistofindthephysicalandmentalhealthproblemsapersonislikelytoencounterduringhisorherlifetime.Thelong-termgoalistohaveeachpersonlivealongerhealthierlife.Paragraph3______
{{*HTML*}}Farmers’Markets??CharlotteHollinsknowsshefacesabattle.The23-year-oldBritishfarmerandher21-year-oldbrotherBenarefightingtosavethefarmfromdevelopersthattheirfatherworkedonsincehewas14.?1???Youdon’toftengetadayoff.Supermarketsputalotofpressureonfarmerstokeeppricesdown.Withfewerpeopleworkingonfarmsitcanbeisolatingshesaid.Thereisahighrateofsuicideandfarmingwillnevermakeyourich!??OliverRobinson25grewuponafarminYorkshire.?2?I’msuredadhopedI’dstayhesaid.?Iguessit’sanicestraightforwardlifebutitdoesn’tappeal.Foryoungambitiouspeoplefarmlifewouldbeahardworld.ForRobinsonfarmingdoesn’toffermuchintermsofmoneyorlifestyle.Hollinsagreesthateconomicsstopspeoplefrompursuingfarmingrewards:providingforavitalhumanneedwhileworkingoutdoorswithnature.??FarmingisabigpoliticalissueintheUK.?3?The2001footandmouthcrisisclosedthousandsoffarmsstoppedmeatexportsandraisedpublicconsciousnessoftroublesinUKfarming.??JamieOliver’s2005campaigntogetchildrentoeathealthilyalsohighlightedtheissue.Thisnationalconcernspells带来hopeforfarmerscompetingwithpowerfulsupermarkets.?4???IstartedgoingtoFarmers’Marketsindirectdefiance蔑视ofthebigsupermarkets.?5?It’sterriblesaidLondonerMichaelSamson.??A．Butheneverconsideredstayingonhisfatherandgrandfather’sland.??B．WhilemostpeoplebuyfoodfromthebigsupermarketshundredsofindependentFarmers’Marketsarebecomingpopular.??C．Whileconfidenttheywillsucceedshelistsfarming’smanychallenges.??D．Youngpeopleprefertoliveincities.??E．Iseriouslyobjectedtothesuper-sizingofeverything—whatexactlyDOtheyputonourapplestomakethemsobigandred???F．BuyBritishcampaignsurge鼓励consumersnottobuycheaperimportedfoods.
{{*HTML*}}Ford??1．Ford’sgreatstrengthwasthemanufacturingprocess—notinvention.Longbeforehestartedacarcompanyhewasaworkerknownforpickinguppiecesofmetalandwireandturningthemintomachines.Hestartedputtingcarstogetherin1891.AlthoughitwasbynomeansthefirstpopularautomobiletheModelTshowedtheworldjusthowcreativeFordwasatcombiningtechnologyandmarket.??2．Thecompany’sassemblylinealonethrewAmerica’sIndustrialRevolutionintooverdrive高速运转.InsteadofhavingworkersputtogethertheentirecarFord’sfriendswhoweregreattoolmakersfromScotlandorganizedteamsthataddedpartstoeachModelTasitmoveddownaline.BythetimeFord’sHighlandParkplantwashumming嗡嗡作响alongin1914theworld’sfirstautomaticconveyorbeltcouldturnoutacarevery93minutes.??3．ThesameyearHenryFordshockedtheworldwiththe$5-a-dayminimumwageschemethegreatestcontributionhehadevermade.Theaveragewageintheautoindustrythenwas$2.34fora9-hourshift.Fordnotonlydoubledthathealsotookanhourofftheworkday.Inthoseyearsitwasunthinkablethatamancouldbepaidthatmuchfordoingsomethingthatdidn’tinvolveanawfullotoftrainingoreducation.TheWallStreetJournalcalledtheplananeconomiccrimeandcriticseverywherelaughedatFord.??4．Butasthewageincreasedlatertodaily$10itprovedacriticalcomponentofFord’sdreamtomaketheautomobileaccessible可及的toall.ThecriticsweretoostupidtounderstandthatbecauseFordhadloweredhiscostspercarthehigherwagesdidn’tmatter—exceptformakingitpossibleformorepeopletobuycars.{{*HTML*}}A．criticizedbythemedia??B．thelowwageintheautoindustry??C．theirlowerpricesandthehigherwages??D．producecarsinlargenumbers??E．the8-hourshift??F．supportedbyhisfriends??Theassemblylinemadeitpossibleto______.
TheSmog烟雾ForoveramonthIndonesiawasincrisis.Forestfiresragedoutofcontrolasthecountrysuffereditsworstdroughtfor50years.Smokefromthefiresmixedwithsunlightandhotdryairtoformacloudofsmog.ThispollutionquicklyspreadandwithindaysitwashangingoverneighbouringcountriesincludingMalaysiaSingaporeandThailand.Whenthesmokecombinedwithpollutionfromfactoriesandcarsitsoonbecamepoisonous有毒的.DangerousamountsofCObecametrappedunderthesmogandpollutionlevelsrose.Peoplewheezed喘息andcoughedastheyleftthehouseandtheireyeswateredimmediately.Thesmogmadeitimpossibletoseeacrossstreetsandwholecitiesdisappearedasgreysoot烟灰coveredeverything.Insomeareaswaterwashosed用胶管浇fromhigh-risecitybuildingstotryandbreakupthesmog.FinallyheavyrainswhichcameinNovemberputoutthefiresandclearedtheair.Buttheenvironmentalcostsandhealthproblemswillremain.ManypeoplefromSouth-EasternAsiancitiesalreadysufferfrombreathinghugeamountsofcarexhaustfumes汽车排放的废气andfactorypollution.Breathingproblemscouldwellincreaseandmanynon-sufferersmayhavedifficultiesforthefirsttime.Wildlifehassufferedtoo.Inlowlandforestselephantsdeerandtigershavebeendrivenoutoftheirhomesbysmog.ButsmogisnotjustanAsianproblem.InfactthewordwasfirstusedinLondonin1905todescribethemixtureofsmokeandthickfog.Fogoftenhungoverthecapital.Sometimesthesmogwassothickandpoisonousthatpeoplewerekilledbybreathingproblemsorinaccidents.About4000Londonersdiedwithinfivedaysasaresultofthicksmogin1952.Thewordsmogfirstappearedin1952.
TheSmog烟雾ForoveramonthIndonesiawasincrisis.Forestfiresragedoutofcontrolasthecountrysuffereditsworstdroughtfor50years.Smokefromthefiresmixedwithsunlightandhotdryairtoformacloudofsmog.ThispollutionquicklyspreadandwithindaysitwashangingoverneighbouringcountriesincludingMalaysiaSingaporeandThailand.Whenthesmokecombinedwithpollutionfromfactoriesandcarsitsoonbecamepoisonous有毒的.DangerousamountsofCObecametrappedunderthesmogandpollutionlevelsrose.Peoplewheezed喘息andcoughedastheyleftthehouseandtheireyeswateredimmediately.Thesmogmadeitimpossibletoseeacrossstreetsandwholecitiesdisappearedasgreysoot烟灰coveredeverything.Insomeareaswaterwashosed用胶管浇fromhigh-risecitybuildingstotryandbreakupthesmog.FinallyheavyrainswhichcameinNovemberputoutthefiresandclearedtheair.Buttheenvironmentalcostsandhealthproblemswillremain.ManypeoplefromSouth-EasternAsiancitiesalreadysufferfrombreathinghugeamountsofcarexhaustfumes汽车排放的废气andfactorypollution.Breathingproblemscouldwellincreaseandmanynon-sufferersmayhavedifficultiesforthefirsttime.Wildlifehassufferedtoo.Inlowlandforestselephantsdeerandtigershavebeendrivenoutoftheirhomesbysmog.ButsmogisnotjustanAsianproblem.InfactthewordwasfirstusedinLondonin1905todescribethemixtureofsmokeandthickfog.Fogoftenhungoverthecapital.Sometimesthesmogwassothickandpoisonousthatpeoplewerekilledbybreathingproblemsorinaccidents.About4000Londonersdiedwithinfivedaysasaresultofthicksmogin1952.ManyIndonesiansblamedthegovernmentforthedrought.
{{*HTML*}}EarlyIdeasabouttheUniverse??1．Earlymangothisideasabouttheuniversebylookingatthestarsasyoudo.Heobservedcarefullyandlearnedmanythingsaboutthesunthemoonandthestars.??2．Supposeyouwereaskedtocollectevidenceaboutthesunasearlymandid.Youmightgooutmorningaftermorningandseeitcomeupintheeast.Evenoncloudymorningsyouwouldobservethatthedarknessgoesawayandtheworldbecomeslight.Youmightnotseethesunbutwouldbesureitistherebecauseyounoticethattheearthwarmsup.Asyoucontinuedthesunclimbshigherintheskyeachdayduringpartoftheyear.Itstaysintheskylonger.Theearthgetswarmer.Thingsbegintogrow.Itisspringandthensummer.??3．Afterawhilethesunstaysintheskyforshorterandshorterperiods.Manyplantsbegintodie.Leavesfall.Wintercomes.Yearafteryearthisisrepeatedandyoucannottellexactlywhyithappens.Butyourealizethatthesunseemstomakethedifference.Primitive原始的manfeltthatsincethesunwassopowerfulitmustbeagod.Itmayseemsillytousnowtoworship崇拜asun-godbutprimitivemanwasrightabouttheimportanceofthesuntolifeonearth.??4．Youhavebeentoldthattheworldisround.Butsupposenoonehadevertaughtyouthattheworldwaslikeahugeball.Wouldyouhaveeverthoughtofityourself?Youcannotseethecurve曲线oftheearthatonce.Youwouldhavenoideaofhowbigitwas.That’swhyearlymanbelievedthattheearthwassmallandflat.Suchideasappearedfromtheevidencetheyhad.??5．Ifyouwatchthestarsnightafternightyouwillseethemriseandset.Asyoulookattheskyitisnotdifficulttoimaginethatyouareinthecenterofavastcollectionoftwinkling闪烁lights.Someearlyastronomers天文学家believedtheskywasacrystalshellorseriesofcrystalshellsoneinsidetheother.Theybelievedthisbecausethatiswhatthenightskylookedlike.Formanycenturiesmenbelievedthattheearthwasthecenteroftheuniverseandthatthesunthemoonandthestarscircledaroundit.Paragraph4______
EarthquakeHowdoesanearthquakestartWhatmakesanearthquakehappenTherockoftheearth’scrust地壳mayhaveafaultakindofbreakinthesurface.Theblockswhichmakeuptheearthmoveandsometimesthismaycausethesidesofthefaulttomoveupanddownorlengthways纵向againsteachother.Whenonepieceofrockstartstorubonanotherwithgreatforcealotofenergyisused.Thisenergyischangedintovibrations振动anditisthesevibrationsthatwefeelasanearthquake.ThevibrationscantravelthousandsofkilometersandsoanearthquakeinTurkeymaybefeltinGreeceWhattododuringanearthquakeAtschoolAssoonastheearthquakestartsstudentsshouldgetunderthedesksimmediatelyandwaituntiltheteachertellsthemitissafetocomeout.Theteachershouldatthesametimegoimmediatelytotheteacher’sdeskgetunderneath在下面itandstaytheretillthedangerisover.Studentsmustnotarguewiththeteacherorquestioninstructions.Assoonasthetremors震动stopallstudentsshouldwalktowardstheexitandgostraighttotheschoolplaygroundoranyopenspacesuchasasquareorapark.Theymustwaitthereuntiltheteachertellsthemitissafetogo.AthomeIfyouareathomewhentheearthquakeoccursgetimmediatelyunderthetableinthelivingroomorkitchen.Choosethebiggestandstrongesttableyoucanfind.Youmustnotgoanywherenearthewindowanddon’tgooutontothebalcony阳台.Oncethetremorshavestoppedyoucancomeoutfromunderthetablebutyoumustleavethebuildingstraightaway.Youshouldwalkdownthestairsandshouldnotusethelift—theremaybeapowercutasaresultoftheearthquakeandyoucouldfindyourselftrappedinsidetheliftforhours.InthestreetIfyouareinthestreetwhentheearthquaketakesplacedonotstandnearbuildingsfencesorwalls—moveawayasquicklyaspossibleandtrytofindalargeopenspacetowaitin.Standingundertreescouldalsobedangerous.Studentsshouldgototheschoolplaygroundoranopenspaceoncethetremorsstop.
EarthquakeHowdoesanearthquakestartWhatmakesanearthquakehappenTherockoftheearth’scrust地壳mayhaveafaultakindofbreakinthesurface.Theblockswhichmakeuptheearthmoveandsometimesthismaycausethesidesofthefaulttomoveupanddownorlengthways纵向againsteachother.Whenonepieceofrockstartstorubonanotherwithgreatforcealotofenergyisused.Thisenergyischangedintovibrations振动anditisthesevibrationsthatwefeelasanearthquake.ThevibrationscantravelthousandsofkilometersandsoanearthquakeinTurkeymaybefeltinGreeceWhattododuringanearthquakeAtschoolAssoonastheearthquakestartsstudentsshouldgetunderthedesksimmediatelyandwaituntiltheteachertellsthemitissafetocomeout.Theteachershouldatthesametimegoimmediatelytotheteacher’sdeskgetunderneath在下面itandstaytheretillthedangerisover.Studentsmustnotarguewiththeteacherorquestioninstructions.Assoonasthetremors震动stopallstudentsshouldwalktowardstheexitandgostraighttotheschoolplaygroundoranyopenspacesuchasasquareorapark.Theymustwaitthereuntiltheteachertellsthemitissafetogo.AthomeIfyouareathomewhentheearthquakeoccursgetimmediatelyunderthetableinthelivingroomorkitchen.Choosethebiggestandstrongesttableyoucanfind.Youmustnotgoanywherenearthewindowanddon’tgooutontothebalcony阳台.Oncethetremorshavestoppedyoucancomeoutfromunderthetablebutyoumustleavethebuildingstraightaway.Youshouldwalkdownthestairsandshouldnotusethelift—theremaybeapowercutasaresultoftheearthquakeandyoucouldfindyourselftrappedinsidetheliftforhours.InthestreetIfyouareinthestreetwhentheearthquaketakesplacedonotstandnearbuildingsfencesorwalls—moveawayasquicklyaspossibleandtrytofindalargeopenspacetowaitin.Standingundertreescouldalsobedangerous.ThousandsofpeoplewerekilledduringanearthquakeinTurkey.
BlackHolesMostscientistsagreethatblackholesexistbutarenearlyimpossibletolocate.A．blackholeintheuniverseisnotasolidobjectlikeaplanetbutitisshapedlikeasphere球体.Astronomers天文学家thinkthatatthecenterofablackholethereisasinglepointinspacewithinfinite无限的density稠密.Thissinglepointiscalledasingularity奇点.Ifthesingularitytheoryiscorrectitmeansthatwhenamassivestarcollapsesallthematerialinitdisappearsintothesingularity.Thecenterofablackholewouldnotreallybeaholeatallbutaninfinitelydensepoint.Anythingthatcrossestheblackholeispulledinbyitsgreatgravity.Althoughblackholesdoexisttheyaredifficulttoobserve.Thesearethereasons.·Nolightoranythingelsecomesoutofblackholes.Asaresulttheyareinvisibletoatelescope.·Inastronomicaltermsblackholesaretrulytiny.Forexampleablackholeformedbythecollapseofagiantstarwouldhaveaneventhorizon视界only18milesacross.·ThenearestblackholeswouldbedozensoflightyearsawayfromEarth.Onelightyearisabout6trillion万亿miles.Eventhemostpowerfultelescopescouldnotpickoutanobjectsosmallatsuchagreatdistance.In1994theHubbleSpaceTelescopeprovidedevidencethatblackholesexist.Therearestillanswerstobefoundhoweversoblackholesremainoneofthemysteriesoftheuniverse.TheHubbleSpaceTelescopehelpsscientiststounderstandthenatureoftheuniverse.
NewProductWillSavelivesDrinkingwaterthatlookscleanmaystillcontainbugs虫子whichcancauseillness.AsmallcompanycalledGeneraTechnologieshasproducedatestingmethodinthreestageswhichshowswhetherwaterissafe.Thenewtestshowsifwaterneedschemicalsaddedtoittodestroyanythingharmful.ItwasinventedbyscientistDr.AdrianPartonwhostartedGenerafiveyearsago.HeandhisemployeeshavedevelopedthetesttogetherwithaBritishwatercompany.AndyHeadlandGenera’smarketingdirectorrecentlypresentedthetestataconferenceintheUSAandforecastgoodAmericansalesforit.Generahasalreadysold11ofitstestsat$42500atimeintheUKandhasafurtherfouronorder.Itexpectstosellanother25testsbeforetheendofMarch.ThecompanysaysitistheonlytestintheUKtobeapprovedbythegovernment.GenerawasformedfiveyearsagoanduntilOctoberlastyearhadonlyfiveemployees;itnowemploys14.MrHeadlandbelievesthatthecompanyshouldmakearound$19millionbytheendoftheyearintheUKalone.TheBritishgovernmentishelpingDr.Partontosellthetestsabroad.
TheSmog烟雾ForoveramonthIndonesiawasincrisis.Forestfiresragedoutofcontrolasthecountrysuffereditsworstdroughtfor50years.Smokefromthefiresmixedwithsunlightandhotdryairtoformacloudofsmog.ThispollutionquicklyspreadandwithindaysitwashangingoverneighbouringcountriesincludingMalaysiaSingaporeandThailand.Whenthesmokecombinedwithpollutionfromfactoriesandcarsitsoonbecamepoisonous有毒的.DangerousamountsofCObecametrappedunderthesmogandpollutionlevelsrose.Peoplewheezed喘息andcoughedastheyleftthehouseandtheireyeswateredimmediately.Thesmogmadeitimpossibletoseeacrossstreetsandwholecitiesdisappearedasgreysoot烟灰coveredeverything.Insomeareaswaterwashosed用胶管浇fromhigh-risecitybuildingstotryandbreakupthesmog.FinallyheavyrainswhichcameinNovemberputoutthefiresandclearedtheair.Buttheenvironmentalcostsandhealthproblemswillremain.ManypeoplefromSouth-EasternAsiancitiesalreadysufferfrombreathinghugeamountsofcarexhaustfumes汽车排放的废气andfactorypollution.Breathingproblemscouldwellincreaseandmanynon-sufferersmayhavedifficultiesforthefirsttime.Wildlifehassufferedtoo.Inlowlandforestselephantsdeerandtigershavebeendrivenoutoftheirhomesbysmog.ButsmogisnotjustanAsianproblem.InfactthewordwasfirstusedinLondonin1905todescribethemixtureofsmokeandthickfog.Fogoftenhungoverthecapital.Sometimesthesmogwassothickandpoisonousthatpeoplewerekilledbybreathingproblemsorinaccidents.About4000Londonersdiedwithinfivedaysasaresultofthicksmogin1952.Indonesiawasincrisisbecauseofthedrought.
{{*HTML*}}A．StarIsBorn??1．TheVLTVeryLargeTelescopeistheworld’slargesttelescope望远镜andistakingastronomers天文学家furtherbacktotheBigBangthantheyeverthoughtpossible.Located2600metresupintheChileanAndesithasfourhugemirrorseachaboutthesizeofaLondonbus.TheVLTissopowerfulitcanspotaburningmatch10000kilometresaway.??2．Thisastonishingpowerwillallowastronomerstoseeeventsinspacefromthebirthofstarstothecollision碰撞ofgalaxies星系ontheedgeofthecosmos宇宙.TheVLTisgivingastronomerstheirbest-everviewofthecosmos.ThepoweroftheVLTtoseethesmallestdetailatthefurthestdistancesmakesitsdesignersamazed.??3．TakethecaseofEtaCarinaeoneofthemostexplosivestarsintheuniverse.Thisstarproducesultravioletlaserrays紫外线anditwilldestroyitselfinafewmillionyears’time.Itisfivetimesbrighterthanthesunandwhenitexplodesitisgoingtobeasightworthwaitingfor!??4．ButitisatdistancesofmillionsevenbillionsoflightyearsthattheVLTreallyshowsitspower.TheVLTcandetectlightthatsetoutonitsjourneybeforetheearthevenexisted.Thisgivesastronomerstheirfirst-everdetailedviewsofeventsthattookplaceintheearliestdaysofthecosmos.??5．InotherwordstheVLTisakindofatimemachine.Ittakesastronomersbacktoatimewhencompletegalaxiescrashedintoeachother.Theeffectsofthesepastcollisionscannowbeseenbyscientistsandastronomersbelievethetelescopewillrevealmoreabouttheseexcitingeventsintheyearstocome.Onedaywemightbeabletosaywehavetraveledbacktothebeginningoftimeandwewillhaveamuchclearerpictureofhowourplanetwasborn.{{*HTML*}}A．itsdetectingpower??B．millionsoflightyearsawayinspace??C．thelocationoftheVLT??D．asanexample??E．thebirthoftheearth??F．therotationoftheearth??TheVLTwillallowscientiststoseeevents______.
{{*HTML*}}EarlyIdeasabouttheUniverse??1．Earlymangothisideasabouttheuniversebylookingatthestarsasyoudo.Heobservedcarefullyandlearnedmanythingsaboutthesunthemoonandthestars.??2．Supposeyouwereaskedtocollectevidenceaboutthesunasearlymandid.Youmightgooutmorningaftermorningandseeitcomeupintheeast.Evenoncloudymorningsyouwouldobservethatthedarknessgoesawayandtheworldbecomeslight.Youmightnotseethesunbutwouldbesureitistherebecauseyounoticethattheearthwarmsup.Asyoucontinuedthesunclimbshigherintheskyeachdayduringpartoftheyear.Itstaysintheskylonger.Theearthgetswarmer.Thingsbegintogrow.Itisspringandthensummer.??3．Afterawhilethesunstaysintheskyforshorterandshorterperiods.Manyplantsbegintodie.Leavesfall.Wintercomes.Yearafteryearthisisrepeatedandyoucannottellexactlywhyithappens.Butyourealizethatthesunseemstomakethedifference.Primitive原始的manfeltthatsincethesunwassopowerfulitmustbeagod.Itmayseemsillytousnowtoworship崇拜asun-godbutprimitivemanwasrightabouttheimportanceofthesuntolifeonearth.??4．Youhavebeentoldthattheworldisround.Butsupposenoonehadevertaughtyouthattheworldwaslikeahugeball.Wouldyouhaveeverthoughtofityourself?Youcannotseethecurve曲线oftheearthatonce.Youwouldhavenoideaofhowbigitwas.That’swhyearlymanbelievedthattheearthwassmallandflat.Suchideasappearedfromtheevidencetheyhad.??5．Ifyouwatchthestarsnightafternightyouwillseethemriseandset.Asyoulookattheskyitisnotdifficulttoimaginethatyouareinthecenterofavastcollectionoftwinkling闪烁lights.Someearlyastronomers天文学家believedtheskywasacrystalshellorseriesofcrystalshellsoneinsidetheother.Theybelievedthisbecausethatiswhatthenightskylookedlike.Formanycenturiesmenbelievedthattheearthwasthecenteroftheuniverseandthatthesunthemoonandthestarscircledaroundit.{{*HTML*}}A．hedidnotobservethesuncarefullyenough??B．hecouldnotseeitscurve??C．thesunthemoonandthestarsseemedtomovearoundit??D．theearthcirclesaroundthesun??E．itlookedlikethatatnight??F．ithaspoweroverlifeonearth??Earlymanthoughttheearthwassmallandflatbecause______.
{{*HTML*}}UnlockingtheHumanGenome基因组??1．A．projecttounlocksecrets—whatscientistcouldresistthatchallenge?ThisiswhatmanyscientistsaredoingastheyworkontheHumanGenomeProject.Theaimoftheprojectistodecode破译allofthesome100000genesinthehumanbody.ScientistsareusingDNAfingerprintingtechniquestodothedecoding.??2．DNA．isthesubstancefoundinthechromosomes染色体ofacell.Achromosomeisachainofgenes.Eachgenecarriesapieceofgeneticinformation.Atanyonemomentinacellthousandsofgenesareturnedonandofftoproduceproteins蛋白质.Thechallengeforscientistsistofindoutwhatroleeachgeneplaysinproteinproduction.Atsomepointthisdecodingwillbecomplete.Thenscientistswillhaveamapofanidealgenomeorapictureofthetotalgeneticnatureofahumanbeing.Theidealgenomeiscalledaconsensus交感genome.Everythingworkswellinaconsensusgenome.??3．Butnooneintheworldhasaconsensusgenome.Everyone’sgenomeisdifferentfromtheideal.Thesedifferencesarereferredtoasgeneticmutations突变.Geneticmutationsinaperson’sgenomemeanthatthepersonhasagreaterthanaveragechanceofsufferingfromhealthproblems.Someproblemsarenotlife-threatening.Thesewouldincludethingslikecolorblindnessormildheadaches.Otherproblemsareserioussuchasheartdiseaseorcancer.??4．Itwilltakeyearstoidentifytheroleofeachofthe100000genes.Theshort-termgoaloftheprojectistofindthephysicalandmentalhealthproblemsapersonislikelytoencounterduringhisorherlifetime.Thelong-termgoalistohaveeachpersonlivealongerhealthierlife.{{*HTML*}}A．HowdoesDNAwork???B．WhatistheHumanGenomeProjectabout???C．HowaretheDNAsamplescollected???D．WhatarethegoalsoftheHumanGenomeProject???E．Whatistheroleofeachgene???F．Whataretheconsequencesofgeneticmutations???Paragraph1______
TheSmog烟雾ForoveramonthIndonesiawasincrisis.Forestfiresragedoutofcontrolasthecountrysuffereditsworstdroughtfor50years.Smokefromthefiresmixedwithsunlightandhotdryairtoformacloudofsmog.ThispollutionquicklyspreadandwithindaysitwashangingoverneighbouringcountriesincludingMalaysiaSingaporeandThailand.Whenthesmokecombinedwithpollutionfromfactoriesandcarsitsoonbecamepoisonous有毒的.DangerousamountsofCObecametrappedunderthesmogandpollutionlevelsrose.Peoplewheezed喘息andcoughedastheyleftthehouseandtheireyeswateredimmediately.Thesmogmadeitimpossibletoseeacrossstreetsandwholecitiesdisappearedasgreysoot烟灰coveredeverything.Insomeareaswaterwashosed用胶管浇fromhigh-risecitybuildingstotryandbreakupthesmog.FinallyheavyrainswhichcameinNovemberputoutthefiresandclearedtheair.Buttheenvironmentalcostsandhealthproblemswillremain.ManypeoplefromSouth-EasternAsiancitiesalreadysufferfrombreathinghugeamountsofcarexhaustfumes汽车排放的废气andfactorypollution.Breathingproblemscouldwellincreaseandmanynon-sufferersmayhavedifficultiesforthefirsttime.Wildlifehassufferedtoo.Inlowlandforestselephantsdeerandtigershavebeendrivenoutoftheirhomesbysmog.ButsmogisnotjustanAsianproblem.InfactthewordwasfirstusedinLondonin1905todescribethemixtureofsmokeandthickfog.Fogoftenhungoverthecapital.Sometimesthesmogwassothickandpoisonousthatpeoplewerekilledbybreathingproblemsorinaccidents.About4000Londonersdiedwithinfivedaysasaresultofthicksmogin1952.Theair-pollutionindexwentupto300withinafewdays.
{{*HTML*}}Ford??1．Ford’sgreatstrengthwasthemanufacturingprocess—notinvention.Longbeforehestartedacarcompanyhewasaworkerknownforpickinguppiecesofmetalandwireandturningthemintomachines.Hestartedputtingcarstogetherin1891.AlthoughitwasbynomeansthefirstpopularautomobiletheModelTshowedtheworldjusthowcreativeFordwasatcombiningtechnologyandmarket.??2．Thecompany’sassemblylinealonethrewAmerica’sIndustrialRevolutionintooverdrive高速运转.InsteadofhavingworkersputtogethertheentirecarFord’sfriendswhoweregreattoolmakersfromScotlandorganizedteamsthataddedpartstoeachModelTasitmoveddownaline.BythetimeFord’sHighlandParkplantwashumming嗡嗡作响alongin1914theworld’sfirstautomaticconveyorbeltcouldturnoutacarevery93minutes.??3．ThesameyearHenryFordshockedtheworldwiththe$5-a-dayminimumwageschemethegreatestcontributionhehadevermade.Theaveragewageintheautoindustrythenwas$2.34fora9-hourshift.Fordnotonlydoubledthathealsotookanhourofftheworkday.Inthoseyearsitwasunthinkablethatamancouldbepaidthatmuchfordoingsomethingthatdidn’tinvolveanawfullotoftrainingoreducation.TheWallStreetJournalcalledtheplananeconomiccrimeandcriticseverywherelaughedatFord.??4．Butasthewageincreasedlatertodaily$10itprovedacriticalcomponentofFord’sdreamtomaketheautomobileaccessible可及的toall.ThecriticsweretoostupidtounderstandthatbecauseFordhadloweredhiscostspercarthehigherwagesdidn’tmatter—exceptformakingitpossibleformorepeopletobuycars.Paragraph3______
{{*HTML*}}Farmers’Markets??CharlotteHollinsknowsshefacesabattle.The23-year-oldBritishfarmerandher21-year-oldbrotherBenarefightingtosavethefarmfromdevelopersthattheirfatherworkedonsincehewas14.?1???Youdon’toftengetadayoff.Supermarketsputalotofpressureonfarmerstokeeppricesdown.Withfewerpeopleworkingonfarmsitcanbeisolatingshesaid.Thereisahighrateofsuicideandfarmingwillnevermakeyourich!??OliverRobinson25grewuponafarminYorkshire.?2?I’msuredadhopedI’dstayhesaid.?Iguessit’sanicestraightforwardlifebutitdoesn’tappeal.Foryoungambitiouspeoplefarmlifewouldbeahardworld.ForRobinsonfarmingdoesn’toffermuchintermsofmoneyorlifestyle.Hollinsagreesthateconomicsstopspeoplefrompursuingfarmingrewards:providingforavitalhumanneedwhileworkingoutdoorswithnature.??FarmingisabigpoliticalissueintheUK.?3?The2001footandmouthcrisisclosedthousandsoffarmsstoppedmeatexportsandraisedpublicconsciousnessoftroublesinUKfarming.??JamieOliver’s2005campaigntogetchildrentoeathealthilyalsohighlightedtheissue.Thisnationalconcernspells带来hopeforfarmerscompetingwithpowerfulsupermarkets.?4???IstartedgoingtoFarmers’Marketsindirectdefiance蔑视ofthebigsupermarkets.?5?It’sterriblesaidLondonerMichaelSamson.??A．Butheneverconsideredstayingonhisfatherandgrandfather’sland.??B．WhilemostpeoplebuyfoodfromthebigsupermarketshundredsofindependentFarmers’Marketsarebecomingpopular.??C．Whileconfidenttheywillsucceedshelistsfarming’smanychallenges.??D．Youngpeopleprefertoliveincities.??E．Iseriouslyobjectedtothesuper-sizingofeverything—whatexactlyDOtheyputonourapplestomakethemsobigandred???F．BuyBritishcampaignsurge鼓励consumersnottobuycheaperimportedfoods.
{{*HTML*}}Ford??1．Ford’sgreatstrengthwasthemanufacturingprocess—notinvention.Longbeforehestartedacarcompanyhewasaworkerknownforpickinguppiecesofmetalandwireandturningthemintomachines.Hestartedputtingcarstogetherin1891.AlthoughitwasbynomeansthefirstpopularautomobiletheModelTshowedtheworldjusthowcreativeFordwasatcombiningtechnologyandmarket.??2．Thecompany’sassemblylinealonethrewAmerica’sIndustrialRevolutionintooverdrive高速运转.InsteadofhavingworkersputtogethertheentirecarFord’sfriendswhoweregreattoolmakersfromScotlandorganizedteamsthataddedpartstoeachModelTasitmoveddownaline.BythetimeFord’sHighlandParkplantwashumming嗡嗡作响alongin1914theworld’sfirstautomaticconveyorbeltcouldturnoutacarevery93minutes.??3．ThesameyearHenryFordshockedtheworldwiththe$5-a-dayminimumwageschemethegreatestcontributionhehadevermade.Theaveragewageintheautoindustrythenwas$2.34fora9-hourshift.Fordnotonlydoubledthathealsotookanhourofftheworkday.Inthoseyearsitwasunthinkablethatamancouldbepaidthatmuchfordoingsomethingthatdidn’tinvolveanawfullotoftrainingoreducation.TheWallStreetJournalcalledtheplananeconomiccrimeandcriticseverywherelaughedatFord.??4．Butasthewageincreasedlatertodaily$10itprovedacriticalcomponentofFord’sdreamtomaketheautomobileaccessible可及的toall.ThecriticsweretoostupidtounderstandthatbecauseFordhadloweredhiscostspercarthehigherwagesdidn’tmatter—exceptformakingitpossibleformorepeopletobuycars.Ford’scarsbecameavailabletoordinarypeoplethanksto______.
{{*HTML*}}A．StarIsBorn??1．TheVLTVeryLargeTelescopeistheworld’slargesttelescope望远镜andistakingastronomers天文学家furtherbacktotheBigBangthantheyeverthoughtpossible.Located2600metresupintheChileanAndesithasfourhugemirrorseachaboutthesizeofaLondonbus.TheVLTissopowerfulitcanspotaburningmatch10000kilometresaway.??2．Thisastonishingpowerwillallowastronomerstoseeeventsinspacefromthebirthofstarstothecollision碰撞ofgalaxies星系ontheedgeofthecosmos宇宙.TheVLTisgivingastronomerstheirbest-everviewofthecosmos.ThepoweroftheVLTtoseethesmallestdetailatthefurthestdistancesmakesitsdesignersamazed.??3．TakethecaseofEtaCarinaeoneofthemostexplosivestarsintheuniverse.Thisstarproducesultravioletlaserrays紫外线anditwilldestroyitselfinafewmillionyears’time.Itisfivetimesbrighterthanthesunandwhenitexplodesitisgoingtobeasightworthwaitingfor!??4．ButitisatdistancesofmillionsevenbillionsoflightyearsthattheVLTreallyshowsitspower.TheVLTcandetectlightthatsetoutonitsjourneybeforetheearthevenexisted.Thisgivesastronomerstheirfirst-everdetailedviewsofeventsthattookplaceintheearliestdaysofthecosmos.??5．InotherwordstheVLTisakindofatimemachine.Ittakesastronomersbacktoatimewhencompletegalaxiescrashedintoeachother.Theeffectsofthesepastcollisionscannowbeseenbyscientistsandastronomersbelievethetelescopewillrevealmoreabouttheseexcitingeventsintheyearstocome.Onedaywemightbeabletosaywehavetraveledbacktothebeginningoftimeandwewillhaveamuchclearerpictureofhowourplanetwasborn.Paragraph3______
{{*HTML*}}A．StarIsBorn??1．TheVLTVeryLargeTelescopeistheworld’slargesttelescope望远镜andistakingastronomers天文学家furtherbacktotheBigBangthantheyeverthoughtpossible.Located2600metresupintheChileanAndesithasfourhugemirrorseachaboutthesizeofaLondonbus.TheVLTissopowerfulitcanspotaburningmatch10000kilometresaway.??2．Thisastonishingpowerwillallowastronomerstoseeeventsinspacefromthebirthofstarstothecollision碰撞ofgalaxies星系ontheedgeofthecosmos宇宙.TheVLTisgivingastronomerstheirbest-everviewofthecosmos.ThepoweroftheVLTtoseethesmallestdetailatthefurthestdistancesmakesitsdesignersamazed.??3．TakethecaseofEtaCarinaeoneofthemostexplosivestarsintheuniverse.Thisstarproducesultravioletlaserrays紫外线anditwilldestroyitselfinafewmillionyears’time.Itisfivetimesbrighterthanthesunandwhenitexplodesitisgoingtobeasightworthwaitingfor!??4．ButitisatdistancesofmillionsevenbillionsoflightyearsthattheVLTreallyshowsitspower.TheVLTcandetectlightthatsetoutonitsjourneybeforetheearthevenexisted.Thisgivesastronomerstheirfirst-everdetailedviewsofeventsthattookplaceintheearliestdaysofthecosmos.??5．InotherwordstheVLTisakindofatimemachine.Ittakesastronomersbacktoatimewhencompletegalaxiescrashedintoeachother.Theeffectsofthesepastcollisionscannowbeseenbyscientistsandastronomersbelievethetelescopewillrevealmoreabouttheseexcitingeventsintheyearstocome.Onedaywemightbeabletosaywehavetraveledbacktothebeginningoftimeandwewillhaveamuchclearerpictureofhowourplanetwasborn.EtaCarinaeistaken______.
{{*HTML*}}A．StarIsBorn??1．TheVLTVeryLargeTelescopeistheworld’slargesttelescope望远镜andistakingastronomers天文学家furtherbacktotheBigBangthantheyeverthoughtpossible.Located2600metresupintheChileanAndesithasfourhugemirrorseachaboutthesizeofaLondonbus.TheVLTissopowerfulitcanspotaburningmatch10000kilometresaway.??2．Thisastonishingpowerwillallowastronomerstoseeeventsinspacefromthebirthofstarstothecollision碰撞ofgalaxies星系ontheedgeofthecosmos宇宙.TheVLTisgivingastronomerstheirbest-everviewofthecosmos.ThepoweroftheVLTtoseethesmallestdetailatthefurthestdistancesmakesitsdesignersamazed.??3．TakethecaseofEtaCarinaeoneofthemostexplosivestarsintheuniverse.Thisstarproducesultravioletlaserrays紫外线anditwilldestroyitselfinafewmillionyears’time.Itisfivetimesbrighterthanthesunandwhenitexplodesitisgoingtobeasightworthwaitingfor!??4．ButitisatdistancesofmillionsevenbillionsoflightyearsthattheVLTreallyshowsitspower.TheVLTcandetectlightthatsetoutonitsjourneybeforetheearthevenexisted.Thisgivesastronomerstheirfirst-everdetailedviewsofeventsthattookplaceintheearliestdaysofthecosmos.??5．InotherwordstheVLTisakindofatimemachine.Ittakesastronomersbacktoatimewhencompletegalaxiescrashedintoeachother.Theeffectsofthesepastcollisionscannowbeseenbyscientistsandastronomersbelievethetelescopewillrevealmoreabouttheseexcitingeventsintheyearstocome.Onedaywemightbeabletosaywehavetraveledbacktothebeginningoftimeandwewillhaveamuchclearerpictureofhowourplanetwasborn.{{*HTML*}}A．Eventsthattookplacebeforetheearthexisted??B．Powerofthetelescope??C．DetailsofEtaCarinae??D．Inventionofatimemachine??E．Biggesttelescope??F．Birthofthenewworlds??Paragraph1______
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