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The African elephant, the largest land animal remaining on earth, is of great importance to Afr...
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Arecentstudyofancientandmodernelephantshascomeupwi
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Takingphotographsatabirthdayoraweddinghasbecomeasnaturalasblowingoutcandlesorcuttingthecake.Butourobsessionwithrecordingeverydetailofourhappiestmomentscouldbedamagingourabilitytorememberthemaccordingtoanewresearch.Astudyhasshownthattakingpicturesratherthanconcentratingfullyontheeventsinfrontofuspreventsmemoriestakinghold.Dr.LindaHenkelfromFairfieldUniversityConnecticutdescribeditasthephoto-takingimpairmenteffect.ShesaidPeopleoftenpullouttheircamerasalmostmindlesslytocaptureamomenttothepointwheretheyaremissingwhatishappeningrightinfrontofthem.Whenpeoplerelyontechnologytorememberforthem—countingonthecameratorecordtheeventandthusnotneedingtoattendtoitfullythemselves—itcanhaveanegativeimpactonhowwelltheyremembertheirexperiences.Dr.Henkelandherteamcarriedoutanexperimentinamuseumtolearniftakingpicturesoftheexhibitswashinderingtheabilityofvisitorstorememberwhattheyhadseen.AgroupofuniversitystudentswereledonatourattheBellarmineMuseumofArtatFairfieldUniversityandwereaskedtoeitherphotographortryandrememberobjectsondisplay.Thenextdaytheirmemorywastested.Theresultsshowedthatpeoplewerelessaccurateinrecognizingtheobjectstheyhadphotographedthanthosetheyhadonlylookedat.Itwasfoundthattheirmemoryforthedetailsoftheobjectstheyhadphotographedwaspoorer.Henkel’slabiscurrentlyinvestigatingwhetherthecontentofaphotosuchaswhetheryouareinitaffectsmemory.Sheisalsoresearchingwhetheractivelychoosingwhattophotographmightinfluencewhatweremember.Previousresearchsuggeststhatreviewingphotoswehavetakendoeshelpusrememberobjectsbutonlyifwetakethetime.Researchhassuggestedthatthesheervolumeandlackoforganizationofdigitalphotosforpersonalmemoriesdiscouragesmanypeoplefromaccessingandrecallingthem.InordertorememberwehavetoaccessandinteractwiththephotosratherthanjustcollectthemsaidDr.Henkel.32.Whatdoestheunderlinedwordtheminthefirstparagraphreferto?A.Giftsatabirthday.B.Peoplewhogotoparties.C.Photostakenatawedding.D.Detailsofthehappiestmoments.33.Whatisthephoto-takingimpairmenteffect?A.Someunhappyeventsmayimpairtheeffectsofphotos.B.Takingphotographsofobjectsruinsone’smemoryofthem.C.Theeffectsofphotosarestronglyaffectedbybadcameras.D.Memorieslastforeverwhenpeopletakethephotostheylikemost.34.WhatcanwelearnaboutDr.LindaHenkel’sstudy?A.Agroupofhighschoolstudentswereinvolved.B.Thememoryofparticipantswastestedthefollowingweek.C.Peoplewhojustlookedattheobjectsrememberedfewerdetails.D.Peoplewhophotographedobjectswereworseatrecognizingthem.35.WithwhichofthefollowingmayDr.LindaHenkelagree?A.Reviewingphotosimprovesmemoriesofobjects.B.Focusingonpeopleateventsisthebestwaytoremember.C.Relyingontechnologytorememberaffectsthememory.D.Countingoncamerastorecordeventsisalwaysreliable.
ThomasEdison'sincandescent白炽的light-bulbwillhavebeenbroughttoanendby2016becauseitusestoomuchenergy.Thegreatlighthopetoreplaceitisabulbmadefromlight-emittingdiodes两级管orLEDs.Moreefficienteventhanitsgreencompetitorthecompactfluorescentbulb小型荧光灯LEDscanlastabout20years.ButifyoutakeintoaccounthowmuchenergyisneededtoproducethemareLEDsstillasustainablechoice?MaryAsheagraduateengineeringstudentwho'sworkingonaresearchprojectthat'sassessingthelifecycleofLEDsaskeD.A.sustainabilitysensibility感受性issweepingthroughandtransformingthecurricula课程inAmerica'scollegesofengineeringwithmoreandmoreeducatorsstressingtheimportanceofdesignsandsolutionsthatrelyonrenewableresources.DavidT.Allenachemical-engineeringprofessorsayssustainableengineeringisverymuchinthegrowthmode.Itsgoalistouseresourcesinsuchawaythatcurrentneedsaremetwithoutrobbingfuturegenerationsoftheabilitytousethemaswell.StudentshaveaskedustodelivermorecoursesinthisareasaysAllen.ThepushiscomingfromstudentswhowanttoengageinwhatIcall‘engineeringthatyoucanfeelgoodabout'headds.Youhavetogobackseveralgenerationstofindanothergroupofstudentsinterestedindoingsomethinggoodforsociety.JeremyGuest27didn'tgetbittenbythegreen-designbug臭虫untilhisthirdyearingradschoolwhenhetookacourseinsustainability.Itopenedmyeyeshesays.NowGuestisresearchinghowtorecoverdrinkablewaternutrientsandenergyfromwastewater.28.ThequestionaskedbyAsheinthefirstparagraphisusedtoA.showthatshe'spuzzledbyLEDsB.encouragereaderstothinkaboutitC.introducethetopicofsustainableengineeringD.showhowdifficultsuchachoicecanbe29.ItcanbeinferredfromwhatAllensaysinParagraph3thatA.studentsstudyengineeringforpleasureB.sustainableengineeringwasonceunpopularC.studentsfindsustainableengineeringdifficultD.studentsusedtobelessconcernedaboutsocialbenefits30.Theunderlinedpartgetbittenbythegreen-designbuginthetextmeansA.becomeinterestedingreendesignB.begintolikegreenbugsC.sufferattacksfromgreeninsectsD.failingreendesign31.Whatisconveyedinthetext?A.Currentcoursessatisfystudents'interestinsustainability.B.Studentsareforcedtoshowapassionforenvironmentalproblems.C.SustainableengineeringisbecomingatrenD.D.Sustainabilityisahottopicamongstudents.
SportsshoesthatworkoutwhethertheirownerhasdoneenoughexercisetoensuretimeinfrontofthetelevisionhavebeeninventedintheUK.Theshoes―dubbed配音的SquareEyescontainanelectronicpressuresensorandatinycomputerchiptorecordhowmanystepsthewearerhastakeninaday.A.wirelesstransmitter发射机passestheinformationtoareceiverconnectedtoatelevisionandthisdecideshowmucheveningviewingtimethewearerdeservesbasedontheday’sefforts.Thedesignwasinspiredbyadesiretocombat遏制therapidlyballooningwaistlinesamongBritishteenagerssaidGillianSwanwhodevelopedSquareEyesasafinalyeardesignprojectatBrunelUniversityinLondonUK.Welookedatcurrentissuesandchildhoodobesity过度肥胖reallystoodoutshetoldNewScientist.AndIwantedtodealwiththatwithmydesign.Oncethechildhasuseduptheirdailyallowancegainedthroughexercisethetelevisionautomaticallyswitchesoff.AndfurthertimeinfrontoftheTVcanonlybeearnedthroughmoresteps.Swancalculatedhowexerciseshouldtranslatetotelevisiontimeusingtherecommendeddailyamountsofboth.Healthexpertssuggestedachildtake12000stepseachdayandwatchnomorethan2hoursofTV.Soevery100stepsrecordedbytheSquareEyesshoesequalsexactlyoneminuteofTVtimE.25.Thebesttitleforthepassagemightbe______.A.A.Newly-inventedTypeofShoesintheUKB.SmartShoesDecidingonTelevisionTimeC.NewShoesandWatchingTVintheUKD.TheProblemofChildren’sObesity26.Weknowfromthepassagethewirelesstransmitterisprobablyplacedin______.A.thepressuresensorB.thetelevisionC.thecomputerD.theshoes27.GillianSwandevelopedSquareEyesto______.A.gainenoughTVtimeB.dealwithchildhoodobesityC.encourageTVwatchingD.finishuniversitydesignproject28.TheunderlinedwordallowanceinParA.4probablymeans______.A.themoneygiventochildrenB.themoneyforwatchingTVC.thetimeofwatchingTVD.thestepstobetaken
ForeightyfourdaysoldSantiagohadnotcaughtasinglefish.AtfirstayoungboyManolinhadsharedhisbadfortunebutafterthefortiethlucklessdaytheboy'sfathertoldhissontogoinanotherboat.FromthattimeonSantiagoworkedalonE.TheboylovedtheoldfishermanandalwayshelpedhimwithmoneyandfooD.UsuallytheywouldtalkaboutthefishtheyhadtakeninluckiertimesoraboutAmericanbaseballaftersupperwhileatnightaloneinhiscottageSantiagodreamedoflionsonthebeachesofAfricawherehehadgoneonasailingshipyearsbeforE.HenolongerdreamedofhisdeadwifE.Ontheeighty-fifthdaySantiagosetofftofishbeforedawn.Twoofhisbaits饵werefreshtunas金枪鱼theboyhadgivenhim.Thenhesethislineswhichwentstraightdownintodeepdarkwater.AsthesunrosehesawotherboatsintowardshorE.A.manofwarbirdshowedhimwheredolphinwerechasingsomeflyingfish.ThistimeSantiagosawtunajumpinginthesunlight.A.smallonetookthehookonhislinE.PullingthefishaboardtheoldmanthoughtitagoodfortunE.Towardnoonamarlinacommonfishintheseastartedeatingthebaitwhichwasonehundredmetersdown.GentlytheoldmanplayedthefishabigoneasheknewfromtheweightonthelinE.Atlasthestrucktosettlethehook.ThefishdidnotcomeoutofthesurfacE.Insteaditbegantopulltheboattothenorthwest.Theoldmanfollowedit.Althoughhewasaloneandnolongerstronghehadhisskillandknewmanytricks.Hewaitedpatientlyforthefishtobetired.Itbecamecoldafterthesunset.SuddenlythemarlinleanedpullingSantiagoforwardonhisfaceandcuttinghischeek.Bydawnhislefthandwascramped抽筋的.Thefishhadheadednorthward;therewasnolandinsight.Hungryhecutpiecesfromthetunaandchewedthemslowly.ThatmorningthefishjumpeD.SeeingitleapSantiagoknewhehadhookedthebiggestmarlinhehadeverseen.Thenthefishwentdownandturnedtowardtheeast.Santiagodrankalittlewaterfromthebottleduringthehotafternoon.ClosetonightfalladolphintookthesmallhookhehadbaiteD.Helifteditaboardcareful.Afterhehadrestedhecutmeatfromthedolphinandkeptalsothetwoflyingfishhefoundinitsstomach.Thatnightheslept.HeawoketofeelthelinerunningthroughhisfingersasthefishjumpeD.Makingthelinelooseslowlyhetriedtotirethemarlin.Afterthefishsloweditsrunhewashedhiscuthandsinseawaterandateoneoftheflyingfish.AtsunrisethemarlinbegantocirclE.Faintanddizzyheworkedtobringthebigfishnearerwitheachturn.Almostexhaustedhefinallydrewhisbigfishalongsideanddroveintheharpoon鱼叉.Thefishwastwofeetlongerthantheboat.NofishlikeithadeverbeenseeninHavanaharbor.AnhourlaterhesightedthefirstsharkafierceMakoanditcameinfasttochaseafterthedeadmarlin.Theoldmanstruckthesharkwithhisharpoon.TheMakorolledandsankcarryingtheharpoonwithitandleavingthemarlinbloody.HeknewthesmellwouldspreaD.Watchinghesawtwosharksclosingin.Hestruckatonewithhisknifeandwatcheditslidingdownintodeepwater.Hekilledtheotherwhileittoreatthefleshofthemarlin.Whenthethirdappearedhethrust刺itwiththeknifE.Theothersharkscameatsunset.Atfirsthetriedtobeatthemwiththetiller舵柄fromtheboatbuthishandswerebleedingandthereweretoomanyintheseA.Inthedarknessashesteered掌舵towardtheharborofHavanaheheardthemhittingtheboatagainandagain.Buttheoldmanthoughtonlyofhissteeringandhisgreattiredness.Hehadgoneouttoofarandthesharkshadbeatenhim.Heknewtheywouldleavehimnothingbutthestrippedskeletonofthebigmarlin.Alllightswereoutwhenhesailedintothelittleharborandbeachedhisboat.Hecouldjustmakeoutthewhitebackboneandtheupstandingtailofthefish.Oncehefellundertheirweightandlaypatientlyuntilhecouldgatherhisstrengthtogoon.Inhiscottagehefellonhisbedandwenttosleep.65.Theabovestoryismostlikelytobeadaptedfrom__________.A.TheAdventuresOfTomSawyerB.TheOldManAndTheSeaC.TheSonOfTheSeaD.TreasureIsland66.AccordingtothetextwhichstatementisNOTtrueaboutManolin?A.TheboyleftSantiagoatlast.B.TheboyhadmercyonSantiago.C.TheboywasSantiago'sadoptedson.D.TheboyshowedhisgreatconcernstoSantiago.67.Whydidthemanfeelthathecouldbeluckythistime?A.Becausealotofsharksfollowedhisboat.B.BecauseasmalltunatookthehookonhislinE.C.BecausehedreamedabouttheAmericanlions.D.Becausehesawmanyflyingfishwerechasedbythedolphins.68.WhydoesSantiagoletthemarlinleadhisboatinsteadofpullingthebigfishup?A.Hewastootiredandhungrytopullthebigfishup.B.Hewantedtousethemarlinasabaittocatchthesharks.C.Hisexperiencetoldhimnottodosobeforethefishwastiredout.D.Hewantedtokillthemarlinfirstbeforehepulledituptotheboat.69.WhichsentencebelowcanbeusedtobestdescribeSantiago'scharacter?A.HenolongerdreamedofhisdeadwifE.inParA.1B.Althoughhewasaloneandnolongerstronghehadhisskillandknewmanytricks.inParA.4C.Almostexhaustedhefinallydrewhisbigfishalongsideanddroveintheharpoon.inParA.5D.Oncehefellundertheirweightandlaypatientlyuntilhecouldgatherhisstrengthtogoon.inParA.670.Accordingtothetextwhatwillbetalkedaboutnext?A.People'sreflectionwhentheysawthegiantmarlin’sskeletonoutsidE.B.A.funeralheldbytheboyandthelocalpeopleafterhisdeath.C.Santiago’sactiontorealizehisdreamaboutthelions.D.Santiago’sstruggleagainstsharks.
Banksviewonlinebankingasapowerfulvalue-addedtooltoattractandkeepnewcustomerswhilehelpingtoeliminatecostlypaperhandlingorteller出纳员interactionsinanincreasinglycompetitivebankingenvironment.TodaymostlargenationalbanksmanylocalbanksandcreditunionsoffersomeformofonlinebankingvariouslyknownasPCbankinghomebankingelectronicbankingorInternetbanking.Onlinebanksaresometimesreferredtoasbrick-to-clickbanksbothtotellthemfrombrick-to-mortarbanksthathaven’tyetofferedonlinebankingaswellasfromvirtual虚拟banksthathavenophysicalbranchesortellerswhatsoever.Thechallengeforthebankingindustryhasbeentodesignthisnewservicechannelinsuchawaythatitscustomerswillreadilylearntouseandtrustit.Mostofthelargebankscannowofferfullysafefullyfunctional功能的onlinebankingforfreeorforasmallcost.AsmorebankssucceedonlineandmorecustomersusetheirsitesfullyfunctionalonlinebankingwilllikelybecomeascommonplaceasautomatedtellermachinesATM.Onlinebankinghasalotofadvantages.Unlikeyourcornerbankonlinebankingsitesneverclose;they’reathand24hoursadaysevendaysaweekandthey’reamouseclickaway.Ifyou’reoutofstateorevenoutofthecountrywhenamoneyproblemappearsyoucanlogoninstantlytoyouronlinebankandtakecareofbusiness.OnlinebanksitesgenerallycarryoutandconfirmdealsatorquickerthanATMprocessingspeeds.Manyonlinebankingsitesnowofferfashionabletoolstohelpyoumanageallofyourvaluableitemsmoreeffectively.25.Theunderlinedwordeliminateinthefirstparagraphprobablymeans.A.keepB.removeC.raiseD.improve26.Whatisthechallengefortheonlinebankingindustryaccordingtothetext?A.TomakeonlinebankingattractivE.B.ToopennewservicesallovertheworlD.C.ToofferonlinebankingforfreE.D.Totakecareofbusiness24hoursaday.27.Fromthetextwecanconcludethat_______.A.brick-to-clickbanksareinfactanotherkindofphysicalbanksB.thefunctionofabrick-to-clickbankisascommonasthatofanATMC.abrick-to-mortarbankisnobetterthanavirtualoneD.customerscandealwiththeirbankingbyamouseclick28.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthistext?A.BankingofVariousFormsB.ImprovementofBankingIndustryC.DevelopmentofOnlineBankingD.FunctionsoftheBrick-to-ClickBank
Thinkaboutthelasttimeyoufeltanegativeemotion—likestressangerorfrustration.Whatwasgoingthroughyourmindasyouweregoingthroughthatnegativity?Wasyourmindclutteredwith充斥differentkindsofthoughts?Orwasitparalyzedunabletothink?Thenexttimeyoufindyourselfinthemiddleofaverystressfultimeoryoufeelangryorfrustratedstop.Yesthat’srightstop.Whateveryou’redoingstopandsitforoneminutE.Whileyou’resittingtherecompletelyimmerseyourselfinthenegativeemotion.Allowthatemotiontoconsumeyou.Allowyourselfoneminutetotrulyfeelthatemotion.Don’tcheatyourselfherE.Taketheentireminute—butonlyoneminute—todonothingelsebutfeelthatemotion.WhentheminuteisoveraskyourselfAmIwillingtokeepholdingontothisnegativeemotionasIgothroughtherestoftheday?Onceyou’veallowedyourselftobetotallyimmersedintheemotionandreallyfeelityouwillbesurprisedtofindthattheemotionclearsratherquickly.IfyoufeelyouneedtoholdontotheemotionforalittlelongerthatisOK.Allowyourselfanotherminutetofeeltheemotion.Whenyoufeelyou’vehadenoughoftheemotionaskyourselfifyou’rewillingtocarrythatnegativitywithyoufortherestoftheday.Ifnottakeadeepbreath.Asyouexhalereleaseallthatnegativitywithyourbreath.Thisexerciseseemssimple—almosttoosimplE.ButitisveryeffectivE.Byallowingthatnegativeemotionthespacetobetrulyfeltyouaredealingwiththeemotionratherthanstuffingitdownandtryingnottofeelit.Youareactuallytakingawaythepoweroftheemotionbygivingitthespaceandattentionitneeds.Whenyouimmerseyourselfintheemotionandrealizethatitisonlyemotionitlosesitscontrol.Youcanclearyourheadandproceedwithyourtask.28.Whatshouldyoudowhenyouareintonegativityaccordingtothearticle?A.ListentosomemusiC.B.IgnoreitanddosomethingelsE.C.Justdonothingandtrulyfeelthatemotion.D.Thinkaboutitandtrytodealwithitimmediately.29.TheunderlinedwordimmerseParagraph2mostprobablymeans_____.A.breakdownB.getridofC.cutoffD.throwinto30.What’sthebesttitleofthistext?A.ClearYourMentalSpacE.B.DeepBreathTroubleAway.C.TrytoAvoidtheNegativeEmotion.D.KeepHoldingontoThisNegativeEmotionasLongasPossiblE.31.Theauthor’sopiniontowardsnegativeemotionis_____.A.doubtfulB.optimisticC.frightenedD.confused
EarlierthisyearthesocialmediawebsiteFacebookannouncedthatitwouldworkwithseveralnewsorganisations—includingTheNewYorkTimesTheGuardianandtheBBC—toplacenewsstoriesdirectlyintousers’personalFacebookwebpagE.StoriespublishedusingFacebookInstantwillloadmorequicklyandkeepthestyleoftheoriginalpublisherwhowillkeepalltheadvertisingincomethestoriesearn—atleastfornow.Thedealshowshowimportantsocialmediahasbecometonewsorganisationsandisaclearsignofhowtheworldofnewsischanging—andhasbeenforawhilE.WhenGoogleNewsbeganin2002manysawitasthedeathofthenewspaper.Ithadnohumaneditor.InsteadGoogleusedandstillusesasecretcomputerprogramthatselectsanddisplaysnewsstoriesaccordingtothereader’spersonalinterests.MorerecentlyAssociatedPressandYahoo!havebeenpunishingcomputer-writtenarticles.Bothusespecialsoftwaretoautomaticallyproducestoriesaboutcompanyfinancialresultsandsportsreports—areaswherethequalityofwritingisfelttobeofsecondaryimportancetotheaccuracyofthedatA.Shouldwebeworriedaboutsuchdevelopments?IthinkweshoulD.OneconcernisthatfacebookGoogleandothersocialmediawebsitesseejournalismasasidelineawayofputtingpeopleinfrontofadvertisements.Itisn’ttheirprimaryfunction—soifitstopsmakingthemlotsofmoneythey'relikelytostopdoingit.There’salsoaconcernthatcomputer-writtenarticlesarenotactuallyjournalismatallbecausewhatahumannewsteamproducesisactuallyquitecomplex.A.well-writtennewsstoryputsinformationincontextoffersavoicetoeachsideofanargumentandbringsthepublicnewknowledgE.Thougheconomicsandspeedofdeliverymeanreaderswillprobablychooseacomputer-writtenstoryoveracarefullyshapedarticle—atleastfordailynews—Idon'tthinkthecomputerswillbewritinganyin-deptharticlesforawhileyet.12.Whatisthemainpurposeofthearticle?A.ToreportonanewcomputerserviceofferedbyFacebook..B.Toadvisereadersagainstreadingcomputer-writtennews.C.Toexpressconcernaboutrecenttrendsinonlinenews.D.Todescribetheprocessofonlinenewsreporting.13.Computer-writtennewsreportshavesofarfocusedonsportsandfinancebecause________.A.thesearethemostpopulartopicsforonlinereadersB.therearefewerjournalistsspecialisingintheseareasC.informationonthesetopicsismoreeasilyavailableD.writingstyleislessimportantthanaccuracyintheseareas14.WhatdoestheunderlinedwordItinParagraph3referto?A.Journalism.B.Advertising.C.Facebook.D.Business.15.InParagraph4whichofthefollowingismentionedasacharacteristicofawell-writtennewsarticle?A.Theinformationpresentedisup-to-datE.B.Theauthor'sopinionisclear.C.DifferentviewsonthetopicarepresenteD.D.ThelanguageusedisviviD.
TheweatherpredictionsforAsiain2050readlikeastoryfromadoomsdaymoviE.Manyexpertsandgreengroupsfeartheywillcometrueunlessthereisaunitedglobalefforttoholdbackgreenhousegasoutpouring.InthedecadestocomeAsia—hometomorethanhalftheworld's63billionpeople—willchangefromoneclimateextremetoanotherwithtiredfarmersbattlingdroughtsfloodsdiseasefoodshortagesandrisingsealevels.It'snotaprettypicturesaidSteveSawyerclimatepolicyadviserwithGreenpeaceinAmsterdam.GlobalwarmingandchangesofweatherpatternsarealreadyoccurringandthereismorethanenoughcarbondioxideandothergreenhousegasesintheatmospheretodriveclimatechangefordecadestocomE.AlreadychangesarebeingfeltinAsiabutworseislikelytocomE.Sawyerandtopclimatebodiessayandcouldleadtomassmigrationandwidespreadhumandisasters.AccordingtopredictionsicebergswillmeltfastersomePacificandIndianOceanislandswillhavetoevacuateorbuildseadefensesstormswillbecomestrongerandinsectsandwater-bornediseaseswillmoveintonewareasastheworldwarms.Allthiscomesontopofrisingpopulationsanddemandforfoodwaterandotherresources.ExpertssayenvironmentalworseningsuchasdeforestationandpollutionwilllikelyenlargetheresultsofclimatechangE.InwhatcouldbeasignofthefutureJapanwashitbyarecordof10typhoonsandtropicalstormsthisyearwhiletwo-thirdsofBangladeshpartsofNepalandlargeareasofnortheasternIndiawerefloodedaffecting50millionpeopledestroyinglivelihoodsandmakingtensofthousandsill.Theyearbeforeawintercoldstrikeandasummerheatwavekilledmorethan2000peopleinIndiA.32.Thispassageismainlyabout________.A.presentsituationandpredictionsofenvironmentalproblemsinAsiA.B.theweatherpredictionsforAsiainthefutureandthereasonsC.howtoimproveourenvironmentD.reasonswhytheworldwillnolongerbesuitableforustolivein33.InthefuturetheAsianfarmerswillhavetofacethefollowingexcept________.A.foodshortagesB.warsC.droughtsD.floods34.Theunderlinedworddoomsdayinthefirstparagraphmaymean________.A.thehellB.theendoftheworldC.agreatworldwarD.mystery35.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?A.Asianclimatewillchangegreatly.B.SomeislandsmaybefloodedinthefuturE.C.Peoplemaymeetwithsomenewdiseasesresultingfromwater.D.Morethan50millionpeoplehavebeenillinAsiatheyearbeforE.
Sciencehasalotofuses.Itcanuncoverlawsofnaturecurediseasesmakebombsandhelpbridgestostandup.Indeedscienceissogoodatwhatitdoesthatthere’salwaysatemptation__todragitintoproblemswhereitmaynotbehelpful.DavidBrooksauthorofTheSocialAnimal:TheHiddenSourcesofLoveCharacterandAchievementappearstobethelatestinalonglineofwriterswhohavefailedtogoagainstthetemptation.Brooksgainedfameforseveralbooks.HislatestbookTheSocialAnimalhoweverismoreambitiousandseriousthanhisearlierbooks.Itisanattempttodealwithasetofweightytopics.Thebookfocusesonbigquestions:Whathasscienceuncoveredabouthumannature?Whatarethesourcesofcharacter?Andwhyaresomepeoplehappyandsuccessfulwhileothersaren’t?ToanswerthesequestionsBrooksstudiesawiderangeofdisciplines学科.Consideringthisyoumightexpectthebooktobeasimpledescriptionoffacts.ButBrookshasformedhisbookinanunusualandperhapsunfortunateway.Insteadofintroducingscientifictheorieshetellsastorywithinwhichhetriestomakehispointsperhapsinordertokeepthereader’sattention.SoasHaroldandEricatheheroandheroineinhisstorylivethroughchildhoodwehearaboutthescienceofchilddevelopmentandastheybegintodatewehearaboutthetheoryofsexualattraction.Brookscarriesthisthroughtothedeathofoneofhischaracters.OnthewholeBrooks’storyisacceptableifuninspireD.Asonewouldexpecthiswritingismostlyclearandtobefairsomechaptersstandoutabovetherest.IenjoyedforinstancethechapterinwhichHarolddiscovershowtothinkonhisown.WhileHaroldandEricaarecertainlynotstrongormemorablecharactersthemoreseriousproblemswithTheSocialAnimallieelsewherE.TheseproblemspartlyinvolveBrooks’attempttotranslatehistaleintosciencE.32.Theauthormentionsthefunctionsofscienceatthebeginningofthepassageto__________.A.explainwheresciencecanbeappliedB.showthevalueofBrooks’newbookC.remindthereaderoftheimportanceofscienceD.explainwhymanywritersusescienceintheirworks33.Accordingtotheauthorwhichofthefollowingcouldbeastrengthofthebook?A.Itsstrongbasis.B.Itsclearwriting.C.Itsconvincingpoints.D.Itsmemorablecharacters.34.Whatistheauthor’sgeneralattitudetowardsthebook?A.Contradictory.B.SupportivE.C.Cautious.D.Critical.35.Whatistheauthorlikelytowriteaboutafterthelastparagraph?A.Deathofthecharacters.B.Brooks’lifeexperiencE.C.Problemswiththebook.D.Brooks’translationskills.
Apple’sipadhasbeenahugehitamongchildrenwithitseasytouseinterface界面andinnovativeapps.InfactresearcherssaytheastonishingriseoftheipadhasmeantithasnowovertakenhouseholdnamessuchasMcDonaldsandDisneytobecomethenumberonebrandamongAmerican6-12yearolds.TheannualstudyconductedbyleadingyouthandfamilyresearchfirmSmartyPantsranksmorethan250brandseachyear.iPad’snumberonestatusamongkidsrepresentsthesummitofthe‘tablettakeover’—amovementfromsharedscreensandTVnetworkdominancetoplannedcontentonpersonaldevices.SaidWynneTyreepresidentofSmartyPants.KidsincreasinglyturntoiPadforgamesTVshowsvideosbookshomeworkhelpandcommunicatingwithfriendsandfamily.Inthefirm’s2014studyApple’siPadwentaheadofkidbrandssuchasMcDonald’sandDisney.KidsseetheiPadastheall-in-onedigitaltoolgivingthemauniquesenseofindependencetheresearcherssay.TyreenotesthatiPad’smarchtothetophasbeendramatiC.InjustfiveyearstheiPadhasrisenfromranking109thtobeingkid’sfavoritebranD.EarlyonitcapturedtheheartsofteensandmiddleandupperclassfamiliesbutiPadisnowanindispensable不可或缺的partofchildhoodforthemasses.OnthestudyiPadwastopswithaweightedscoreof898outof1000.Disneycameat858Google’sYouTube852McDonald’s839iPhone830andApple829.DigitalentertainmentoverallisseeinganincreaseamongkidsandfamilieswithbrandssuchasNetflixHuluAmazonInstantVideoAndroidandSamsungpostingnoteworthyincreasesinthestudyameasureofkids’awarenesspopularityandloveforabranD.AlongwithiPadthesedevicesandservicesprovideentertainmentthatisalwayson.Offeringseeminglyendlessoptionstabletsanddigitalcontentprovidersaremeetingcontemporarykids’needs—withfunandconnectivitynevermorethanatapaway.24.Whatisthetablettakeovermovementaccordingtothepassage?A.InthemovementeveryoneownsaniPaD.B.ItreferstotheshiftfromwatchingTVtogethertousinganiPadseparately.C.Inthemovementpeoplebecomemoreindependentinentertainment.D.InthemovementpeoplereceivemoreinformationfromaniPadthanfromTV.25.WhatmakesaniPadappealingtothekids?A.AniPadhelpsthekidsbuildupstrongerrelationshipswiththeirparents.B.AniPadcandevelopthekids’readingskills.C.WithaniPadthekidscanbecomeabetterlearner.D.TheycanwatchTVshowsusinganiPaD.26.WhatisthecorrectrankingaccordingtoscoresfromthestudyofSmartyPants?A.Disney—YouTube—Apple—iPhone—iPad—McDonald’sB.iPad—Disney—YouTube--McDonald’s—iPhone—AppleC.iPhone—Disney—iPad--McDonald’s—YouTube--AppleD.iPad—Apple—iPhone--McDonald’s—Disney—YouTube27.Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?A.Apple’siPadcandevelopthekids’creativity.B.Tabletanddigitalproviderscannevermeetthekids’needs.C.AniPadcanprovidethekidswithmostentertainment.D.AniPad’sfunandconnectiontotheInternetattractsthekidsmost.
IfaskedifspaceexplorationshouldcontinuemostAmericanswouldgiveanimmediateresponseeitherinfavorofcontinuingorinfavorofendingspaceexploration.A.commonresponsewouldbethatspaceexplorationisawasteofmoney.AnaverageAmericanuneducatedonthesubjectmightbelievethatthegovernmentiswastingbillionsofdollarsontheresearchthathasnomerit.Someonestrangetothesubjectmightsaythataspaceshuttlegoesuponceinawhileandthatisaboutallthathappens.ResearchisongoingandcontinueswhentherearenoshuttlesbeinglauncheD.Thisalsocoststhegovernmentmoney.Doestheextremecostofspaceexplorationmakesense?OneargumentisthatthegovernmentiswastingmoneyontheresearchnotbeingusedonEarth.ActuallythemoneygoestoworkersandscientiststhatsupportNationalAeronauticsandSpaceAdministrationNASAmissions任务andgoestomajorcompaniesthatplayimportantrolesinmajorsectorsoftheUSeconomy.BoeingisapartnerofNASAforaircraftthesamecompanythatmakescommercialaircraftfortheairlineindustry.Anotherbenefittocontinuingspaceexplorationisthemanyspinoff衍生的technologiesitprovides.TheartificialheartresultedfromexperimentsonthespaceshuttlE.ThehandheldJawsofLifeusedtosavevictimsfromcaraccidentsoriginatedfromthesystemusedtoseparatethespaceshuttlefromitsboosterrockets.InsulationinhomesthatkeepsthemwarmandenergyefficientisbasedonthetechnologyusedtoinsulatethespaceshuttlE.TherearedirectbenefitstotheeconomyprovidedbyNASAmissionsaswellasspinofftechnologies.TheseadvancesarefoundinfoodbuildingmaterialsmedicalproceduresandthevehicleswedrivE.Whileitcanbeproventhatbillionsofdollarsthatcouldbeusedelsewhereisbeingspentonspaceexplorationthebenefitsitprovidesoutweightheterribleaspects.Asamatteroffactthemoneyspenthelpstoimprovethequalityofourlives.63.HowisParagraph2mainlydeveloped?A.Byofferinganalyses.B.Bymakingcomparisons.C.Bygivingsomeexamples.D.Bypresentingresearchfindings.64.ThefunctionofJawsofLifeisto_____.A.savepeoplefromtrafficaccidentsB.doexperimentsonthespaceshuttleC.keephouseswarmandenergyefficientD.separatethespaceshuttlefromitsboosterrockets65.Intheauthor’sopinionspaceexploration_____.A.haschangedourlifecompletelyB.coststoomuchofourtimeC.benefitsusinmanywaysD.hasnothingtodowithus66.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A.BenefitsofspaceexplorationB.Isspaceexplorationworththecost?C.HowtomakespaceexplorationaffordableD.MissionsoftheNASAspaceshuttleprogram
Clevernessisagiftwhilekindnessisachoice.Giftsareeasy—they’regivenafterall.Choicecanbehard.IgottheideatostartAmazon16yearsago.IcameacrossthefactthattheInternetusagewasgrowingat2300percentperyear.I’dneverseenorheardofanythingthatgrewthatfastandtheideaofbuildingallonlinebookstorewithmillionsoftitleswasveryexcitingtomE.Ihadjustturned30yearsoldandI’dbeenmarriedforayear.ItoldmywifeMacKenziethatIwantedtoquitmyjobandgotodothiscrazythingthatprobablywouldn’tworksincemoststart-upsdon’tandIwasn’tsurewhattoexpect.MacKenzietoldmeIshouldgoforit.AsayoungboyI’dbeenagarageinventor.I’dalwayswantedtobeallinventorandshewantedmetofollowmypassion.IwasworkingatafinancialfirminNewYorkCitywithabunchofverysmartpeopleandIhadabrilliantbossthatImuchadmired.IwenttomybossandtoldhimIwantedtostartacompanysellingbooksontheInternet.HetookmeonalongwalkinCentralParklistenedcarefullytomeandfinallysaidThatsoundslikeareallygoodideabutitwouldbeanevenbetterideaforsomeonewhodidn’talreadyhaveagoodjob.That1ogicmadesomesensetomeandheconvincedmetothinkaboutitfor48hoursbeforemakingafinaldecision.SeeninthatlightitreallywasadifficultchoicebutfinallyIdecidedIhadtogiveitashot.Ididn’tthinkI’dregrettryingandfailing.AndIsuspectedIwouldalwaysbehauntedbyadecisiontonottryatall.AftermuchconsiderationItookthelesssafepathtofollowmypassionandI’mproudofthatchoice.Forallofusintheendweareourchoice.28.Whatinspiredtheauthorwiththeideaofbuildinganonlinebookstore?A.Hisdreamofbeinganinventor.B.Thesupportofhiswife.C.ThegreatlyincreasingusageoftheInternet.D.Millionsofexcitingtitles29.Whichofthefollowingisclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedsentence?A.Theideaofnottryingwouldkeepcomingtohismindanddisturbhim.B.Hewouldbeveryexcitedifhetrieditout.C.Bewouldbealwayshavingadoubtifhedidn’ttry.D.Thedecisiontonottrytheonlinebookstorewouldterrifyhim.30.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.ClevernessandKindnessB.TheStartingofAmazonC.FollowingMyPassionD.WeAreWhatWeChoose31.Wecanknowfromthepassagethat_______.A.thebossthoughttheideawassuitablefortheauthorB.theauthorwantedsomeoneelsetotrytheideaC.theauthormightnotregretifhefailedtheideaD.theauthormightgobacktohisbossifhefailed
Plentyofpeopledreamoftravelingtootherplanets.ButStarWarsfanscanactuallyvisitlocationswheremanyofthefilms’mostfamoussceneswereshot.HerearesomeoftheplaceswhereStarWarscomestolifE.HotelSidiDrissMatmataTunisiaPerhapsthemostfamousStarWarslandmarkintheworldthisiswheretheinteriorsofLukeSkywalker'schildhoodhomeonplanetTatooinewerefilmeD.CenturiesagoBerbersbuilttheundergroundstructureasarealhomE.EventuallyitbecameahotelwhichGeorgeLucasusedtofilmthefirstStarWarsfilm.Thesetdecorationscamedownwhenthecrewleftbutwererebuiltin2000forAttackoftheClones.Sincethenthey'veremainedsoguestscaneatatthetablewhereyoungmasterLukediD.LaGrandeDuneoutsideNeftaTunisiaTheigloo冰屋outsideofLuke'shousewasfilmedabout300kilometersawayonthedried-upsaltlakeofChottElJeriD.TheiglooisstilltherereachablewithadecentcarattheGPScoordinates3350'34.42N746'44.48E.Thesurroundinghotelsareman-madetocreatetheillusion幻觉thattheundergroundhouseisnexttoit.Theigloofromthe1977moviewastakenapartbutagainrebuiltforAttackoftheClonesandlaterrestoredbyafan.NearbyisLaGrandeDunesiteoftheDuneSeA.About30minutesfromtheiglooisthesetofMosEspathespaceporttownwhereAnakinwasdiscoveredasayoungslavE.RedwoodNationalandStateparksCaliforniaEndortheforestmoonhomeofthefurryEwokswasfilmedamongCalifornia'sgiantredwoods.Mostofthewell-knownsceneswereshotonprivatelandownedbyalumbercompany.SincethecastandcrewworkedonReturnoftheJediin1982heavylogginghasleftmostofthelandscapeunrecognizablE.ButdrivingthroughtheparksstillgivesafeelforthesetespeciallyalongtheAvenueoftheGiantshighway.InGrizzlyCreekRedwoodsStateParkandtheHumboldtRedwoodsStateParkplateswerefilmedforsomechasescenes.21.HotelSidiDrisswasoriginally________centuriesago.A.ahotelB.Berbers’realhomeC.LukeSkywalker’schildhoodhomeD.theshootinglocationofAttackoftheClones22.WhichofthefollowingisNOTCORRECTabouttheigloointhethirdparagraph?A.Wecanstillreachtheigloo.B.TheigloowasrestoredbyafanC.TheigloowastakenapartforAttackoftheClonesD.Theigloo’slocationisattheGPScoordinates3350'34.42N746'44.48E23.TheunderlinedwordEndorrefersto____________inStarWars.A.ananimalB.apersonC.aplaceD.acompany
Caneatingachocolatebareverydayreallypreventage-relatedmemoryloss?No.Butanewresearchshowsthatlargeamountsofflavonessubstancesfoundincocoateaandsomekindsofvegetablesmayimproveage-relatedmemoryfailurE.Dr.ScottSmallisaprofessorofneurology神经病学atColumbiaUniversityinnewYorkCity.Heistheleadwriterofaresearchpaperdescribingtheeffectsofcocoaflavonesonbrainactivity.Hisstudyinvolved37volunteersagedbetween50and69.Researchersgavethemahigh-levelflavonesdrinkmadefromcocoabeansoralow-levelflavonesdrink.Foraperiodofthreemonthssomesubjectsgot900milligramsofflavonesaday.Theothersgot10milligramsofflavoneseachday.Brainimagingandmemorytestsweregiventoeachstudysubjectbeforeandafterthestudy.Dr.Smallsaysthatthesubjectswhohadthehigh-levelflavonesdrinkshowedmuchimprovementonmemorytests.Theresearcherswarnthatmoreworkisneededtobedonebecausethisstudywasperformedonlyonasmallgroup.Dr.JoannMansonistheleadresearcherofafour-yearstudyinvolving18000adults.Thisstudywilluseflavonescapsules.Thestudysubjectswillbedividedintotwogroupsandwilltaketwopillsperday.ThecapsulesusedwillalllookthesamE.Butonegroup'scapsuleswillcontainflavoneswhiletheothergroupwilltakecapsulesmadeofaninactivesubstanceorplacebo.Dr.Mansonsaysit'snotnecessaryforpeopletostarteatingmorechocolatebecause3personswouldhavetoeatahugeamountofchocolatetogetthesamelevelofflavonesgiventotherestsubjects.Headdsmanymanufacturershaveplannedtoremovetheflavonesfromtheirchocolateproducts.SimilarlyDr.Mansonsaysacocoa-basedflavonesextract提取maybedevelopedinthefuturE.Buthesaysthatmorestudiesareneededtoseehowmuchflavonesisgoodforourhealth.8.WhatwasdonetothesubjectsafterDr.Small'sstudy?A.Theywereaskedtotakeahigh-levelflavonesdrink.[]B.Theyweregivencapsulescontainingflavones.C.Theyweregivenbrainimagingandmemorytests.D.Theywereaskedtotaketwopillsofflavonescapsulesperday.9.What'sthesimilarityofthetwoexperiments?A.Bothusehigh-levelflavonescapsules.B.ThenumberofthesubjectsisthesamE.C.Drinksandplacebosareusedinbothexperiments.D.Thesubjectsaredividedintotwogroupsinbothexperiments.10.WhywillDr.Mansoncarryoutthefour-yearstudy?A.Toprovethefirstexperimentiswrong.B.Tocarryouttheexperimentfurther.【全品C.Totesthowmuchflavonescanimproveourmemory.D.Toshoweatingchocolateisbettertoimprovememory.11.Whatcanwelearnfromthelastparagraph?A.It'snotnecessaryforustoeatchocolatE.B.ThemoreweeatflavonesthebetterourhealthwillbE.C.InthefuturewecangetflavoneswithouteatingchocolatE.D.It'seasyforpeopletogetthesamelevelofflavonesgiventothetestsubjects.
TheUSplanstoextenditsendangeredspeciesprotectiontolionsinAfricA.USFishandWildlifeServiceFWSwillclassifylionsinsouthernandeasternAfricaasthreateneD.Themovewillplacetighterrestrictionsontheimportofliontrophies纪念品suchaspawsorheads.WhiletheUScannotregulatehuntinginothercountriesthemoveissignificantbecausearoundhalfofalllionhuntinginAfricaisconductedbyAmericans.AccordingtoFWSdatamorethan5600lionshavebeenkilledandimportedbyAmericanhuntersoverthepastdecadE.UnderthenewFWSrulesbringinglionpartstotheUSwillbebanned禁止inmostcircumstancesiftheanimalisfromacountrywherelionsareendangereD.HunterswillhavetoshowthetrophieswerelegallyobtainedfromcountriesthathaveascientificallysoundmanagementprogramthatbenefitsthesubspeciesinthewilD.ThisregulationisexpectedtoplaceafargreaterburdenofproofuponhunterswhoclaimthatthemoneyfromlionhuntinghasbeenusedtohelpcommunitiesinAfricaandtheoverallconservationoflions.Thepersistentdownwardtrendinlionnumbersduetohabitatlossandhuntingbylocalsandforeigntouristssuggeststherehasbeenlittleconservation保护benefitfromorganizedhunts.AninternationalstudypublishedinSeptemberfoundAfricanlionnumbershavedecreasedbyhalfsince1993withafurther50%declineexpectedoverthenext20yearsforpopulationsinwestcentralandeastAfricA.Thelionisoneoftheplanet’smostbelovedspeciesandanirreplaceablepartofoursharedglobalheritagesaidDanAshedirectoroftheFWS.IfwewanttoensurethathealthylionpopulationscontinuetowanderaroundtheAfricansavannas大草原andforestsofIndiait’suptoallofus—notjustthepeopleofAfricaandIndia--totakeaction.25.WhyisthemoveofUSsignificant?A.ThelionshavebeenkilledandimportedbyAmericanhunters.B.Thatisduetohabitatlossandhuntingbylocalsandforeigntourists.C.AroundhalfofalllionhuntinginAfricaisconductedbyAmericans.D.ThemoneyfromlionhuntinghasbeenusedtohelpcommunitiesinAfrica.26.Wheredomostofthelionhunterscomefrom?A.SouthernAfricA.B.AmericA.C.EasternAfricA.D.IndiA.27.Whatmaybetheresultofthemove?A.TheimportoflionpartswillbestrictlylimiteD.B.Lion-huntingwillbeillegalallovertheworlD.C.communitiesinAfricawillbenefitalot.D.LionpartswillneverbelegallyobtaineD.28.WhatdoesDanAshereallywanttotellusinthelastparagraph?A.Almosteverybodyloveslions.B.It’severyone’sdutytoprotectlions.C.Lionpopulationswillincreaserapidly.D.Measuresmustbetakentokeeplionsfit.
Thenewhigh-speedrailwaylinebetweenUrumqicapitaloftheXinjiangUygurself-governingregionandLanzhoucapitalofGansuprovincehascuttraintraveltimebyhalftolessthan12hours.ThedramaticimprovementwillbenefitmanyfamiliesplanningreunionsforSpringFestival.ForthefirsttimeIfeelhomeisnotthatfarawayafterall.saidLiangShaofuasheboardedahigh-speedtraininUrumqiwithsixmembersofhisfamily.The35-year-oldleftLanzhoutosetupadryfruitbusinessinXinjiangeightyearsagoandhehasnowsettledinUrumqi.The1776-kmlinewhichpassesthroughQinghaiprovinceandisthecountry’sfirsthigh-speedrailwaytobebuiltinahigh-altituderegioncameintoserviceonDec26.WenormallydrivehomeforSpringFestivaltoavoidthedifficultiesofbuyingseventrainticketsforthewholefamilyduringthepeakseason.LiangsaiD.DrivingcanbeverytiringanddangeroussometimessooneyearweevendecidednottogobacktoLanzhousimplytoavoidthetrip.Morethan600000passengerstraveledonthelineduringitsfirstmonthandtheUrumqiRailwayBureausaidtheintroductionofhigh-speedserviceswilleasetransportpressureduringtheSpringFestivalpeakseason.TheexistingusualrailwaylinecouldnolongersupportXinjiang’sdevelopment.Allpassengertrainswillgraduallyshifttothenewlinkleavingtheoldonetobeusedforgoods.AsaresultXinjiang’sannualgoodsabilitycouldreach200millionmetrictonsfromthecurrent70million.ThelinepassesthroughareasthatexperiencehighwindsanditalsocrossespartsofthedesertedQinghai-TibetPlateauandthebone-drysandsoftheGobiDesert.TheprojectcouldhelpChinatopromoteitshigh-speedrailwaytechnologyabroadsaidMaXizhangdirectoroftheLanzhou-Xinjiangrailwayproject’smanagementdepartmentinXinjiang.25.HowlongdidittaketogofromUrumqitoLanzhoubytheusualtrainbefore?A.about12hoursB.About6hoursC.About18hoursD.About24hours26.What’sthemainadvantageofthenewhigh-speedrailway?A.IttakeslesstimetogofromUrumqitoXi’an.B.ItwillbemoreconvenientforpeoplealloverthecountrytoXinjiang.C.AllthepeopleinLanzhoucanreturnhomeonfestivals.D.IthelpstoimproveXinjiang’sdevelopment.27.Fromthepassagewecanlearn________.A.Xinjiang’sannualgoodsabilitycanincreasenearlyfourtimesB.thenewrailwaytechnologymayhelpmorerailwaylinestobebuiltabroadC.thehigh-speedrailwaylinescan’tbebuiltacrossthebone-drysandsD.theoldrailwaylinescanonlycarrygoodsnow28.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothepassage?A.Thenewhigh-speedrailwaylineisgoodforallpeopletogohomE.B.Thenewhigh-speedrailwaylinebenefitsbusinessmentocarrygoods.C.TakingthenewtrainissaferthandrivinghomefromUrumqitoLanzhou.D.BusinessmenseldomwenthomeforSpringFestivalbeforE.
Doyouliketoturnoffthelightsandheaterswhenyougooutofaroom?In2040itwillnotmatter.Theywillturnthemselvesoffandonagainwhenyoureturn.Youwillchoosethetemperatureforeachroomthelightingandhumidity湿度.A.sensor传感器willfindthepresenceofahumanandturnthesystemsonandwhenthehumansleaveitwillturnthemoffagain.Thesensorswillworkthroughthecentralhomecomputerandtheywilldomuchmorethanjustturnthefiresandlightsonandoffforyou.Theywillfindfaultyelectricalappliances电器plugsorswishesseparatethemsothattheycannotharmanyoneandthenwarnyouthattheyneedrepair.Theywilldetectafiredisasterandifyouareoutofthehousethecomputerwillcallthefirefighters.ItwillnotbetoodifficultbecausethelocksontheoutsidedoorswillbeelectroniC.Youwillopenthemusingyourpersonalcard—theoneyouuseforshopping—maybeusinganumberonlyknowntoyou.Itwillbeimpossibletolosethekey.andahousebreaker盗贼willhavetotamper拨弄withthelockorwiththewindow.Thecomputerwillbemorethanafireman-policemanservantItwillbeanentertainerandmostofyourentertainment娱乐willcomerightintoyourhousE.Itdoesnowofcoursebutby2040entertainmentwillmeanmuchmorE.Foronethingyouwillbeabletotakepartactivelyratherthanjustwatching.64.WhichofthefollowingisTRUE?A.Wewillusemuchmorelightsandheatersin2040B.Wewilllivewithoutthelightsandheatersin2040C.Lightsandheaterswillbeonandoffbythemselvesin2040D.Therewillbenoswitchesoflightsandheatersin204065.Wecanknowthatin2040newtechnology_.A.willfreeusfromthekeysweusetodayB.willmakethelocksoutofdateC.willturneverythingintosensorsD.willmakeallhousebreakersout66.Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthatpeoplein2040A.willbecontrolledbythecomputersB.willreplaceTVsetswithcomputersC.willhavenoentertainmentoutsideD.willhavemorefunathome67.Whichofthefollowingcanbethetitleofthepassage?A.LifeatHomeintheYear2040B.SensorsandComputersC.LightsandHeatersintheYear2040D.TheDevelopmentofScienceandTechnology
Conventionalwisdomisamajorbarriertoinnovation创新thatthreatensthesurvivalofcompanieseverywherE.It’sbasedontheassumption假设thatoldideaswillalwaysworksotheyshouldn’tbechallengeD.Whilethismaybeavalid有效的assumptioninsituationsthatdon’tchangeit’sunlikelytoholdtrueinachangingsituation.Intoday’srapidchangingglobalenvironmentoldmethodsoftendon'tworkandstubbornlyusingthemcanleadtomajorproblems.Mostpeopleseemtoagreewithconventionalwisdombecauseitgivesoneafalsesenseofsecurity.IfeveryoneelsebelievesitthenitmustbetruE.IndividualswhouseconventionalwisdomarecertainthattheyarerightandbeingrightisgooD.Theywanttocontinueusingoldideasratherthantakeriskswithchangesthatmightnotwork.In1977KenOlsenco-founderandCEOofDigitalEquipmentCorporationDECstatedThereisnoreasonforanyindividualtohaveacomputerinhishomE.DespitebeinganimportantleaderinthecomputerindustryDECnolongerexists.PeopleseemtoforgetthatsinceinnovationisachangetherecanbenoinnovationwithoutchangE.Unfortunatelyconventionalwisdompreventsleadersfollowersandcompaniesfromchangingandthereforeinnovating.Ifcompaniesdon’tinnovatebuttheircompetitorsdothefutureislikelytobeproblematiC.Breakingfromconventionalwisdomhasledtomanyofthemostinnovativecompaniesandproductsinhistoryacrossmanyindustriessoithasapowerfuleffectonbusinesssuccess.TedTurnerfounderofCNNknewlittleifanythingaboutthenewsbusinessbutheknewitwasinconvenienttowatchnewsonlyatthedinnerhouraswascommonbeforeCNN.Turner’ssolutionwastocreateacablechanneldedicatedtonews24hoursaday.Thenewsestablishmentreflectedconventionalwisdomatthetimeandpredictedhisideawouldfailbecausenoonewantedtowatchthenewsallday.Howeveritdoesn’ttakearocketscientisttounderstandthatviewersdon’thavetowatchthenewsalldayfortheCNNtowork.Viewersjusthavetowatchwhentheywanttogetinformation.DuetoconventionalthinkingthecriticsfailedtorecognizetheopportunitythatwascleartoTeD.TheyassumedthatonlywhatwasfamiliartothemcouldworkinthefuturE.Conventionalwisdompreventscreativityflexibilityandrisk-takingsounconventionalleadersenthusiasticallybreakfromit.TosurvivethriveandmaintaincompetitiveadvantagecompaniesmustbeflexiblewhenreactingtochangE.28.DEChasdisappearedprobablybecause___________.A.theconsumersdidn’tlikeitsproductsB.theleaderslackedthesenseofsecurityC.theCEOstucktotheconventionalideasD.theemployeestookmanyriskswithchanges29.ThefoundingofCNNisusedasanexampletoprove_________.A.missingopportunitiescouldleadtofailureB.changingcouldcontributetobusinesssuccessC.watchingnewsatthedinnerhourisconvenientD.conventionalwisdominfluencesbusinesssuccess30.Whatdoestheunderlinedpartprobablymean?A.RocketscientistscanensuretheCNNworksproperly.B.Mostoftheviewersdon’tliketowatchthenewsatwork.C.It’snecessarytounderstandwhenpeoplewatchthenews.D.It’seasytoknowpeopleneedn’twatchthenewsallthetimE.31.Thepassageismainlywrittentotellusthat______.A.oldmethodsarechangingwithtimeB.opportunitiesleadtobusinesssuccessC.conventionalwisdomlimitsinnovationD.successfulcompaniesneedwiseleaders
Usingtoomuchwaterorthrowingrubbishintoourriversareclearwaysthathumanscanputourwatersupplyindangerbutwealsoaffectourwatersupplyinlessobviousways.Youmaywonderhowpaving铺砌aroadcanleadtolessuseablefreshwater.A.majorpartofthewaterweuseeverydayisgroundwater.Groundwaterdoesnotcomefromlakesorrivers.ItcomesfromundergrounD.Themoreroadsandparkinglotswepavethelesswatercanflowintothegroundtobecomegroundwater.Humanactivityisnotresponsibleforallwatershortages短缺.Drierclimatesareofcoursemorelikelytohavedroughts干旱thanareaswithmorerainfallbutinanycasegoodmanagementcanhelptomakesurethereisenoughwatertomeetourbasicneeds.ThinkingaboutthewayweusewatereverydaycanmakeabigdifferencetooIntheUnitedStatesafamilyoffourcanuse1.5tonsofwateraday!Thisshowshowmuchwedependonwatertolivebutthere’salotwecandotolowerthenumber.Youcantakestepstosavewaterinyourhome.Tostartwithusethesameglassforyourdrinkingwaterallday.Washitonlyonceaday.Runyourdishwasher洗碗机onlywhenitisfull.HelpyourparentsfixanyleaksinyourhomE.Youcanevenhelptokeepourwatersupplycleanbyrecyclingbatteriesinsteadofthrowingthemaway.60.Whichofthefollowingismostlikelytoleadtolessgroundwater?A.UsingriverwaterB..ThrowingbatteriesawayC.pavingparking-lotsD.Throwingrubbishintolakes61.Whatcanbeinferredfromthetext?A.AllwatershortagesareduetohumanbehaviorB.IttakesalotofefforttomeetourwaterneedsC.ThereismuchwecandotoreducefamilysizeD.TheaveragefamilyinAmericamakesproperuseofwater.62.Thelastparagraphisintendedto.A.showushowtofixleaksathomeB.tellushowtorunadishwasherC.provewhatdrinkingglassisbestforusD.suggestwhatwedotosavewaterathome63.Thetextismainlyabout.A.WhypavingroadsreducesourwaterB.howmuchwedependonwatertoliveC.whydroughtsoccurmoreindryclimatesD.howhumanactivityaffectsourwatersupply
Whyshouldmankindexplorespace?Whyshouldmoneytimeandeffortbespentexploringandresearchingsomethingwithsofewapparentbenefits?WhyshouldresourcesbespentonspaceratherthanonconditionsandpeopleonEarth?ThesearequestionsthatunderstandablyareveryoftenaskeD.Perhapsthebestanswerliesinourgeneticmakeup基因构成ashumanbeings.Whatdroveourancestorstomovefromthetreesintotheplainsandonintoallpossibleareasandenvironments?Thewiderthespreadofaspeciesthebetteritschanceofsurvival.PerhapsthebestreasonforexploringspaceisthisgenetictendencytoexpandwhereverpossiblE.Nearlyeverysuccessfulcivilizationhasexploredbecausebydoingsoanydangersinsurroundingareascanbeidentifiedandpreparedfor.Withoutknowledgewemaybecompletelydestroyedbythedanger.Withknowledgewecanlessenitseffects.Explorationalsoallowsmineralsandotherpotential潜在的resourcestobefounD.Evenifwehavenoimmediateneedofthemtheywillperhapsbeusefullater.Resourcesmaybemorethanphysicalpossessions.Knowledgeortechniqueshavebeenacquiredthroughexploration.Thetechniquesmayhavemedicalapplicationswhichcanimprovethelengthorqualityofourlives.Wehavealreadybenefitedfromotherspin-offsincludingimprovementsinearthquakepredictioninsatellitesforweatherforecastingandincommunicationssystems.Evennon-stickpansandmirroredsunglassesareby-products副产品oftechnologicaldevelopmentsinthespaceindustry!Whilemanyresourcesarespentonwhatseemsasmallreturntheexplorationofspaceallowscreativebraveandintelligentmembersofourspeciestofocusonwhatmayservetosaveus.Whilespacemayholdmanywondersandexplanationsofhowtheuniversewasformedorhowitworksitalsoholdsdangers.ThedangerexistsbutknowledgecanhelphumanbeingtosurvivE.Withouttheabilitytoreachoutacrossspacethechancetosaveourselvesmightnotexist.WhileEarthistheonlyplanetknowntosupportlifesurelytheadaptiveabilityofhumanswouldallowustoliveonotherplanets.ItistruethatthelifestylewouldbedifferentbuthumanlifeandcultureshaveadaptedinthepastandsurelycouldinthefuturE.33.WhydoestheauthormentionthequestionsinParagraph1?A.Toexpresshisdoubts.B.Tocomparedifferentideas.C.Tointroducepointsfordiscussion.D.TodescribetheconditionsonEarth.34.WhatisthereasonforexploringspacebasedonParagraph2?A.Humansarenature-borntodoso.B.Humanshavethetendencytofight.C.HumansmayfindnewsourcesoffooD.D.Humansdon’tliketostayinthesameplacE.35.Whatmakesitpossibleforhumanstoliveonotherplanets?A.Ourgeneticmakeup.B.Resourcesontheearth.C.Theadaptiveabilityofhumans.D.By-productsinspaceexploration.
ForaslongastheycanrememberJynneMartinandAprilSurgenthadbothdreamedofgoingtoAntarcticA.ThiswintertheyeachmadeittotheicycontinentasguestsoftheNationalScienceFoundationNSF.Buttheydidn’tgoasscientists.MartinisapoetandSurgentisanartist.TheywenttoAntarcticaasparticipantsintheNSF’sArtistsandWritersprogram.TheNSFisthegovernmentagencythatfundsscientificresearchinAntarcticA.ButitalsomakesitpossibleforartistsincludingfilmmakersandmusicianstoexperienceAntarcticaandcontributetheirownpointsofviewtoourunderstandingofthecontinent.ThemixingofscienceandartinAntarcticaisn’tnew.Someoftheearliestexplorersbroughtalongpaintersandphotographers.EdwardWilsonwasaBritishpainterdoctorandbirdexpertwhojourneyedwithRobertFalconScottontwoseparateAntarcticexpeditionsmorethan100yearsago.HerbertPontingwasaphotographerwhoalsoaccompaniedScottononeofthoseexpeditions.InhundredsofphotosPontingcapturedthebeautyofthecontinentandrecordedthedailylivesandheroicstrugglesoftheexplorers.Today’sscientistswritearticlesforscientificjournals.Unliketheearlyexplorers’journalsscientificpaperscannowbeverydifficultfornon-scientiststounderstanD.WritersinAntarcticaworktoexplaintheresearchtothepubliC.PeterRejcekiseditorwriterandphotographerfortheAntarcticSunanonlinemagazinedevotedtonewsabouttheU.S.AntarcticProgram.RejeckbeganhiscareerintheAntarcticin2003byspendingayearattheSouthPolE.HehasreturnedeveryyearsinceinterviewingscientistsaboutresearchatPalmerMcMurdoandSouthPolestations.TherearealsoscientistsinAntarcticawhoworkhardtoexplaintheirresearchtothepubliC.ScientistDianeMcKnightwroteTheLostSealachildren’sbookthatexplainstheresearchsheandothersaredoinginanunusualice-freeareainAntarcticacalledtheDryValleys.Antarcticaisfullofstoriesandwondersthatarescientifichistoricandpersonal.PeoplesuchasMartinSurgentRejcekandDianeMcKnightaredevotedtobringingthosestoriestoasmanypeopleastheycan.Somepeoplearegoingtobescientistssomepeoplearegoingtobejournalistssomepeoplearegoingtobeartistsbutwecanallworktogether.saysSurgenttocelebratethisextraordinaryplacE.32.WhatdoweknowabouttheNSF?A.Itisagovernmentagency.B.ItonlyfundsscientistsinAntarcticA.C.ItencouragestheunderstandingofhumannaturE.D.ItenablesthemixingofscienceandartforthefirsttimE.33.Whydidn’tsomeearliestexplorersbringwritersalong?A.WriterswerenotfundedatthattimE.B.Writingcan’tcapturethebeautyofthecontinent.C.WriterswerenotinterestedinpopularizingsciencE.D.Earlyexplorers’journalscanbeeasilyunderstoodbythepubliC.34.BymentioningDianeMcKnighttheauthormaytrytosuggestthat_____.A.scientistsshouldexplaintheirresearchtochildrenB.writersarenotnecessarysincescientistscantellstoriesaswellC.tellingstoriestochildrenismoreimportantthanknowingthetruthD.nomatterwhatroleweplaywecanworktogethertoappreciateAntarctica35.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthisarticle?A.Antarctica:A.LandforA11B.TheNSF:A.ProgramforAllC.Antarctica:A.LandofBeautyandStoriesD.TheNSF:A.ProgramforArtistsandScientists
WhileIwillexplainabitaboutthescienceofstressandrelaxationalittlelaterinthechapterasimplewaytothinkaboutitisthatourbody’sstressresponseworkslikeacaralarm.Itisdesignedtokeepussafebywarningusofthepresenceofdangerinourimmediateenvironment.Butinsteadofwarninguswithaloudandannoyingsoundourbodyalarmsystemletsusknowthatsomethingiswrongbycreatingchangesinourneurochemistry神经化学.Ifyou’veeverexperiencedpaininyourstomachperiodsofextremeangerinabilitytofocusoreveninsomnia失眠chancesareyourbodywaspayingthepriceinthosemomentsforthebrainchemistryofstress.Soifit’ssouncomfortablewhynotjustgetridofstressaltogether?Thisisnotonlyimpracticalitwouldbedangerous.Let’sgobacktothemetaphor比喻说法ofthecaralarm.IfthealarmisturnedoffaltogetherthecarisexposedtocontinualdangerwithouttherebeinganywayofyourknowingaboutituntilitistoolatE.Itwouldbelikewalkingthroughthejunglewithoutanyfearsignalinthepresenceofapoisonoussnakeorotherdangerousanimals—whileitmightfeelnicetobesorelaxedyourbodyactuallyneedsthestressresponsenotonlytoremindyouofdangerbutalsotoofferextraadrenaline肾上腺素foryourheartandextrabloodandoxygenforyourarmsandlegs.Howeverifthecaralarmgoesoffatanytimesomeonejustlooksatthecarwithabitofanatti-tudeanditbecomesequallyuseless.Notonlydowestoppayingattentiontoitbutitbeginstodriveusandeveryonearoundusbecomesalittlebitcrazy.Inthecaseofourbodieswalkingaroundinaconstantstateofalarmalsohassomeprettyalarminghealthconsequenceswhichwewillexploreingreaterdepthinthenextchapter.25.Ourbody'sstressresponseiscomparedtoacaralarminthat_.A.theyworkallthetimeB.theybothgiveasignalC.theyworkinthesamewayD.theybothproduceasound26.Whenourbodyalarmsystemworks_.A.wefeelcalmB.wefeelexcitedC.somechangeshappeninourbrainD.somechangeshappeninourheart27.Whatwouldhappenifstressweregotridofcompletely?A.We'11befreeofworries.B.We'11achieveasenseofsafety.C.We'11reachaperfectstateofminD.D.We'11failtorealizethepossibledanger.28.What’sthepurposeofgivingtheexampleofwalkingthroughtheJungleinParagraph4?A.Toshowtheharmofstress.B.Toshowtheeffectofstress.C.ToexplainthefunctionofstressresponsE.D.ToexplainthenecessityofstressresponsE.
Whichissillier:denyingweeverwenttothemoonortryingtoconvincethetruenonbelievers?Onceuponatime–July201969tobespecific–twomengotoutoftheirlittlespaceshipandwanderedaroundonthemoonforawhilE.Tenmoremenwalkedonthemoonoverthenextthreeandahalfyears.TheenD.UnfortunatelynotquitE.A.fairnumberofAmericansthinkthatthiswholebusinessofmoonlandingsreallyisafairytalE.Theybelievethatthelandingswereabighoax骗局stagedintheMojaveDeserttoconvinceeveryonethatU.S.technologywasthebestestinthewholewideworlD.Whichistheharderthingtodo:Sendmentothemoonormakebelievewedid?ThefactisthephysicsbehindsendingpeopletothemoonissimplE.Youcandoitwithcomputerswhoseentirememorycapacitiescannowfitonchipsthesizeofpostagestampsandthatcostaboutasmuchaswellapostagestamp.Iknowyoucanbecausewedid.HoweverlastfallNASAconsideredspending$15000onapublic-relationscampaigntoconvincetheunimpressedthatAmericanshadinfactgonetothemoon.ThatideawasmostlyareactiontoaFoxtelevisionprogramfirstairedinFebruary2001thatclaimedtoexposethehoax.Theshow’screatorisapublicityhound猎狗whohasliveduptothenameinmorewaysthanonebyhoundingBuzzAldrinthesecondmanonthemoon.Mr.XasIwillcallhimtherebydenyinghimthejoyoussightofhisnameinprintrecentlyfollowedBuzzAldrinaroundandcalledhimathiefliarandcowarduntilthe72-year-oldastronautfinallylostitandhitthe37-year-oldMr.XinthefacE.AnywayNASA’spublicitycampaignbegantoslowdown.ThenonbelieverstookthecampaignasNASA’sefforttohidesomethingwhilethebelieverssaidthat$15000toconvincepeoplethattheworldwasround—Imeanthatwehadgonetothemoon—wassimplyawasteofmoney.Actuallythe$15000wassupposedtopayforanarticlebyJamesE.OberganastronomywriterwhowithAldrinhascontributedtoScientificAmerican.IfNASA’snotpayingObergperhapsitcouldputthemoneytogoodusebyhiringtwobigguystodragNeilArmstrongoutofthehousE.ArmstrongisanextremelyprivatemanbutheisalsothefirstmanonthemoonsomaybehehasadutytobeabitmoreoutspokenabouttheexperiencE.OrNASAcouldjustbuyAldrinacommemorateplaque纪念匾forhisrecenttouchonthefaceofMr.X.55.WecanlearnfromParagraphs2and3thatsomeAmericansbelieve_______.A.moonlandingswereinventedB.U.S.technologywasthebestC.moonlandingendedsuccessfullyD.theMojaveDesertwasthelaunchingbase56.Accordingtothewriterwhichofthefollowingistoblameforthestoryaboutthehoax?A.NASA’spublicitycampaign.B.TheFoxtelevisionprogram.C.BuzzAldrin.D.JamesE.Oberg.57.AccordingtothewriterMr.X_______.A.toldafaithfulstoryB.wasnottreatedproperlyC.wasatalentedcreatorD.hadabadreputation58.ThebelieversthinkthatNASA’spublicitycampaignis________.A.prooftohidethetruthB.stupidandunnecessaryC.neededtoconvincethenon-believersD.importanttodevelopspacetechnology59.Whatisimpliedinthelastparagraph?A.NASAshouldnotbotherwiththenon-believers.B.Armstrongwasaveryprivateanddeterminedperson.C.ArmstrongshouldbeasoutspokenasBuzzAldrin.D.NASAshouldsendmoreastronautstoouterspacE.60.Thetoneofthearticleis_______.A.angryB.conversationalC.humorousD.matter-of-fact
Plantsareveryimportantlivingthings.Lifecouldnotgooniftherewerenoplants.Thisisbecauseplantscanmakefoodfromairwaterandsunlight.Animalsandmancannotmakefoodfromthem.Animalsgettheirfoodbyeatingplantsandotheranimals.ThereforeanimalsandmanneedplantsinorderlivE.Thisiswhywefindthattherearesomanyplantsaroundus.Ifyoulookcarefullyattheplantsaroundyouyouwillfindthattherearetwokindsofplantsfloweringplantsandnon-floweringplants.Floweringplantscanmakeseeds.Theseedsareprotectedbythefruits.Somefruitshaveoneseedsomehavetwothreeorfourandsomehavemanyseeds.Butafewfruitshavenoseedsatall.Anexampleofafruitwithoutseedsisthebananafruit.Mostnon-floweringplantsdonotgrowfromseeds.Theygrowfromspores胚芽.Sporesareverysmall.Somesporesaresosmallandlightthattheycanfloatintheair.Wemaysaythatsporesarequitethesameasseeds.Whenthesesporesareallonwetandshadyplacestheyusuallygrowintonewplants.21.Themainideaofthefirstparagraphisthat______.A.plantsareimportantforlifeB.plantscannotgrowwithoutairC.therearemanyplantsintheworldD.wecannotlivewithoutwater22.Plantscanmakefoodfrom______.A.flowerwaterandairB.watersunlightandairC.airwaterandsoilD.airsunandlight23.Whatcanweinfer推断fromthepassage?A.OfalllivingthingsanimalsaremostimportantB.SporesareseedsC.AllfruitsoffloweringplantshaveseedsD.Withoutplantsmanwoulddieout24.Thispassagemaybetakenfrom______.A.amedicinebookB.anovelC.asciencemagazineD.anexperimentreport25.Theunderlinedwordprotectedcanbereplacedby______.A.damagedB.pollutedC.destroyedD.guarded
NaturerespondstoclimatechangE.Tounderstanditweneedtomonitorkeylifecycleevents—floweringtheappearanceofleavesthefirstfrogcallsofthespring—allaroundtheworlD.Butscientistscan’tbeeverywheresothey’returningtononscientistssometimescalledcitizenscientistsforhelp.AgroupofscientistsandeducatorssetupanorganizationlastyearcalledtheNationalPhenologyNetwork.PhenologyiswhatscientistscallthestudyofthetimingofeventsinnaturE.Oneofthegroup’sfirsteffortsdependsonscientistsandnonscientistsaliketocollectdataaboutplantfloweringandleafingeveryyear.TheprogramcalledProjectBudBurstcollectslifecycledataondifferentkindsofusualplantsfromacrosstheUnitedStates.Peopledon’thavetobeplantexperts—theyjusthavetolookaroundandseewhat’sintheirneighborhoodsaysJenniferSchwartzanadviserwiththeproject.Aswecollectthisdatawe’llbeabletopredicthowplantsandcommunitiesofplantsandanimalswillrespondastheclimatechanges.ThatdatawillhelpscientistspredictnotonlyhownaturalcommunitiesmaychangebutalsohowthesechangeswillaffectpeoplE.ScientistsmonitoringlilacfloweringintheWesternUnitedStatesreportedthatinyearswhenlilacsbloomedearly—beforeMay20th—wildfireslaterinthesummerandfallarelargerandmoreseverE.LilacbloomingcouldserveasanalarmbellJennifersays.ImprovedmonitoringisanimportantsteptowardpredictinghownaturalcommunitieswillrespondtoclimatechangE.Thebestwayforustoincreaseourknowledgeofhowplantsandanimalsarerespondingtoclimatechangeistoincreasetheamountofdatawehaveshesays.That’swhyweneedcitizenscientiststogetasmuchinformationasmanyplacesonasmanyspeciesoveraslongatimeperiodaswecan.1.TheNationalPhenologyNetworkissetupto________.A.researchhownaturemakesresponsetoclimatechangeB.keeparecordofwhatishappeninginnatureC.makeastudyofthefirstfrogcallsofthespringD.judgewhatplantswilldieoutinthefuture2.ThetaskofProjectBudBurstisto________.A.growmoreplantstoimprovetheclimateB.collectinformationaboutusualplantsC.makecitizenstelldifferentplantsD.findouthowmanykindsofplantsthereareinAmerica3.BysayingLilacbloomingcouldserveasanalarmbellinParagraph6Jennifermeant________.A.lilacflowerscouldmakepeoplefeelanxiousorafraidB.lilacscouldwarnpeopleofthedangerofwildlifeC.thebloomingoflilacscouldpredictthehappeningofwildfiresD.theflowersoflilacscouldbeusedtowakepeopleup4.Thispassageismainlyabout________.A.whyweneedtocollectdataaboutnatureB.whenanalarmbellsoundsfornatureC.whatcitizenscientistsareinAmericaD.hownaturerespondstoclimatechange
Noonewouldmuchliketheideaofeating61poundsoftomatoesaday.Butiftheirgoodnesswasputintoaneasy-to-swallowpillthatyouweretoldmightpreventstrokes中风andheartattacksyouwouldprobablybeputtinginanordertomorrow.Researchersbelievetheymayhavecomeupwithjustthataftertrials.Thedailypillcontainsachemicalcalledlycopenewhichmakestomatoesredandisknowntobreakdownfatinthevessels血管.A.CambridgeUniversitystudyfoundtakingthepillsimprovedbloodflowandtheliningofvesselsinpatientswithpre-existingheartconditions.Italsoincreasedtheflexibility灵活性oftheirvesselsby50percent.Thescientistsbelieveitcouldlimitthedamagecausedbyheartdisease-responsiblefor180000deathsayear-andhelpcutthe49000deathsayearfromstrokes.Theyalsohopeitcouldbenefitthosewitharthritis关节炎diabetes糖尿病andevenslowtheprogressofcancer.Eachpillisequaltoeatingaround61poundsofripetomatoes.StudieshaveshowneatingaMediterranean-styledietrichintomatoesfishvegetablesnutsandoliveoilcansignificantlyreducecholesterol胆固醇andhelppreventcardiovasculardiseasE.Preliminaryresultsfromatwo-monthtrialinwhichthepillwasgivento36heartdiseasepatientsand36healthyvolunteerswithanaverageageof67werepresentedatameetingoftheAmericanHeartAssociation.Itwasshowntoimprovethefunctionoftheendothelium-thelayerofcellsliningbloodvessels.ItalsoimprovedtheirsensitivitytonitricoxidethegaswhichcausestheenlargementofthevesselsinresponsetoexercisE.IanWilkinsonheadofCambridgeUniversity’sclinicaltrialsunitsaidTheseresultsarepotentiallyverysignificantanditmeetsthegoalbutweneedmoretrialstoseeiftheytranslateintofewerheartattacksandstrokes.Furtherstudiesareplannedwithresearchershopingitcouldofferachoiceforheartdiseasesuffererswhocannottakethecholesterol-lowingdrugs.MikeKnaptonheadoftheBritishHeartFoundationsaidAlthoughthisshowedlycopeneimprovedbloodflowinpeoplewithheartdiseasethat’salongwayfromdemonstratingthattakingitcouldimproveoutcomesforpeoplewithheartdiseasE.Thebestwaytogetthebenefitsofagooddietistoeatplentyoffreshfruitandvegetables.28.WhatcanweinferfromParagraph1?A.WecaneattoomuchtomatofooD.B.Tomatoesarehelpfultostrokesandheartattacks.C.Tomatoeswilllosehealthyelementswereputintopills.D.Wehadbetternoteattomatoes.29.Wecanlearnfromthepassagethatthepills____.A.areattheexperimentstageB.cancureallthediseaseC.arewidelyusedamongpatientsD.costpatientssolittlemoney30.Whowerethevolunteersbytakingpartinthetrial?A.Children.B.Youth.C.WorkingpeoplE.D.oldhealthypeoplE.31.WhatWasIanWilkinson’sopiniononthetrial?A.Disappointing.B.Surprising.C.Satisfactory.D.TerriblE.
ChinesefemalescientistTuYouyouwonthe2015NobelPrizeinmedicineonOctober5forherdiscoveriesconcerninganoveltreatmentagainstMalaria疟疾.ThisisthefirstNobelPrizegiventoaChinesescientistforworkcarriedoutwithinChinA.TusharedtheprizewithIrish-bornWilliamCampbellandSatoshiOmuraofJapanwhowerehonoredfortheirrevolutionaryanti-roundwormtreatment.84-year-oldTuisawardedthisprizeforhercontributiontocuttingthedeathrateofmalariareducingpatients’sufferingandpromotingmankind’shealth.Althoughshereceivedseveralmedicalawardsinthepastthe2015NobelPrizeisdefinitelythemostprivilegerewardthatrecognizesTu’sdedicationandperseveranceindiscoveringartemisinin青蒿素thekeydrugthatbattlesmalaria-friendlyparasites寄生虫.Howeverherroutetothehonorhasbeenanythingbuttraditional.ShewontheNobelPrizeformedicinebutshedoesn’thaveamedicaldegreeoraPhD.InChinasheisevenbeingcalledthethree-noeswinner:nomedicaldegreenodoctorateandshe’sneverworkedoverseas.NowonderhersuccesshasstirredChina’snationalprideandhelpedpromoteconfidenceofnativeChinesescientists.ThefactthatTuhasnoneofthesethreebackgroundsremindsusthatscienceshouldbemoreaccessibletoall.Oneshallbeabletobecomeascientistnomatterwhatkindofbackgroundheorshecomesfromaslongasonedivesintoscientificresearch.TherehavebeendiscussionsonpeoplewhoreallylovesciencebutareneverabletoachievemuchduringtheirwholelifE.TheircontributionscanneverbeignoreD.TheyworksohardtoprovethewrongwaysothatthefutureresearcherswillbeclosertotherightonE.AsthefirstChinesemainlandNobelPrizeWinnerofnaturalscienceawardTu’srecord-breakingwinningalsoservesasaremindertothosewhoaretooeagerforinstantsuccess.Scienceisneveraboutinstantsuccess.TuspentdecadesonscientificresearchbeforeitsvalueisofficiallyacknowledgeD.Thereisnowaytomeasurehowmuchonedevotestoscienceandcompareitwithhowmuchrewardheorshemayget.21.Itcanbeconcludedfromthetextthat__________.A.TuworkedhomeandabroadtoconductherresearchB.TugottheNobelPrizeforheranti-roundwormtreatmentC.TheNobelPrizeisthefirstawardtorecognizeherworkD.HerdiscoveryofartemisininhashelpedtocutMalariadeathrate22.Theauthorseemstoagreethatapersonwhoismorelikelytobecomeascientististheonewith__________.A.asenseofnationalprideB.relevantacademicknowledgeC.enthusiasmforscientificresearchD.adesiretoachievesuccess23.Inwritingthepassagetheauthorintendsto___________.A.remindreadersoftheprinciplesofscientificresearchB.discouragethepursuitofinstantsuccessinscienceC.informreadersofthenewsandmakecommentsD.praisetheawardwinnerandencouragescientificresearch
TheSwissarmyknifeisapopulardevicethatisrecognizedallovertheworlD.InSwitzerlandthereisasayingthateverygoodSwisscitizenhasoneinhisorherpocket.Buttheknifehadpoorbeginnings.InthelatenineteenthcenturytheSwissarmyissued发给itssoldiersagunthatrequiredaspecialscrewdriver螺丝刀totakeitapartandcleanit.Atthesametimecannedfoodwasbecomingcommoninthearmy.Swissgeneralsdecidedtoissueeachsoldierastandardknifetoservebothasascrewdriverandacanopener.ItwasalifesaverforSwissknifemakerswhowerestrugglingtoaskforcheaperGermanimports.In1884CarlElsenerheadoftheSwissknifemanufacturermakerVictorinoxseizedthatopportunitywithbothhandsanddesignedasoldier’sknifethatthearmyloved.Itwasasimpleknifewithonebigblade刀片acanopenerandascrewdriver.Afewyearsafterthesoldier’sknifewasissuedtheSchweizerOffizerMesserorSwissOfficer’sKnifecameonthemarketInterestinglytheOfficer’sKnifewasnevergiventothoseservinginthearmy.TheSwissarmypurchasersconsideredthenewmodelwithacorkscrew瓶塞钻foropeningwinenotessentialforsurvivalsoofficershadtobuythisnewmodelbythemselves.Butitsspecialmulti-functionaldesignlaterlaunched发行theknifeasaglobalbranD.AftertheSecondWorldWaragreatnumberofAmericansoldierswerestationedinEuropE.AndastheycouldbuytheSwissarmyknifeatshopsonarmybasestheyboughthugequantitiesofthem.HoweveritseemsthatSchweizerOffizerMesserwastoodifficultforthemtosaysotheyjustcalledittheSwissarmyknifeandthatisthenameitisnowknownbyallovertheworlD.49.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?A.ToemphasizetheimportanceoftheSwissarmyknifE.B.TointroducethefunctionsoftheSwissarmyknifE.C.ToexplaintheoriginofSwissarmyknifE.D.TotellastoryaboutthedesigneroftheSwissarmyknifE.50.WhatdoesItinthethirdparagraphreferto?A.CannedfoodwasbecomingpopularinSwissarmy.B.EverygoodSwisscitizenhadaknifeinhispocket.C.TheSwissarmyneededaknifeforeverysoldier.D.Swisskniveswerecompetingwithimportedknives.51.Whydidn’ttheSwissarmypurchasetheSwissOfficer’sKnife?A.Thenewdesignwasnotconsiderednecessaryforofficerstoown.B.ThearmyhadnobudgetothepurchasE.C.TheknifewassoldouttoAmericansoldiers.D.ThedesignoftheknifewastoosimplE.52.WhogavethenametheSwissarmyknifetotheknifediscussedinthepassage?A.SwissgeneralsB.CarlElsenerC.GermanbusinessmanD.Americansoldiers.
Giantpandaseatvegetableseventhoughtheirbodiesarebettertoeatmeat.Sohowdotheseblack-and-whitebearsfromtheremotemountainsofcentralChinasurviveonadietofseeminglylow-nutrient低营养foodlikebamboo?Scientistsprovidedananswerrecently.Theyfoundthatthegiantpandastrictlycontrolstheamountofenergyitneedsonadailybasisthankstolowlevelsofphysicalactivity.Theendangeredpandaistheonlyoneoftheworld’seightbearspecieswithavegetarian素食的diet.Pandaswhoseancestorswerecarnivores食肉动物developedadigestive消化的systemthatcanhandleameatdieteventhoughbamboonowmakesupabout99﹪oftheirfooD.BambooishardtodigestandpandasmusteatlotsofittosurvivE.TheresearchersstudiedthreewildpandasatFopingNatureReserveinShaanxiProvinceandfivepandasatBejingZoo.Theyfoundthatthedailyenergythatthesebearsusedwasonlyabout38﹪oftheenergyusedbyothersimilar-sizedanimals.Giantpandasdevelopedlowmetabolism新陈代谢throughaseriesofchangessaidbiologistWeiFuwenoftheChineseAcademyofSciences’InstituteofZoologyinBejingwholedthestudypublishedinthejournalScience.Theresearcherssaidthesizeofthepanda’sbrainliverandkindeyisrelativelysmallcomparedtootherbears.ThesereducedorgansizesarelikelytoresultintheirlowenergydemandsWeisaiD.Theresearchersfoundthatthewildpandasrestedformorethanhalfofanygivendayandtraveledonlyabout20metersperhour.Withtheirlowmetabolismtheresearcherssaidthepandaneedsitscoatofthickfurtokeepwarm.Thereareonlyabout1800giantpandasleftinthewildaccordingtotheWorldWildlifeFundcitingChinesegovernmentdatas.32.Apanda’sbodyismoresuitableforeating_______.A.vegetableB.bambooC.grassD.meat33.Becausethey_______pandascansavelotsofenergy.A.digestquicklyB.arefatC.arelazyD.eathealthily34.AccordingtothestudyledbyWeiFuwenpandas_____intheirdailylifE.A.loveeatingbambooB.dolessexerciseC.arecarnivoresD.eatmeatsometimes35.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.HowpandassurviveB.Whypandasdon’teatmeat.C.WhypandasareendangeredD.Whatpandaseat.
Whenbuildinghousespeopleusedtothinkaboutnotonlytheclimateoftheareasbutalsothebuildingmaterialsandthefashionsfortheirhouses.Howeversinceelectricitybecamemoreandmoreexpensivepeoplebegantopaymuchmoreattentiontotheenergytheycouldgetfortheirhousesandthenewwaystheycouldfindtoprotecttheirhousesfrombothcoldandheat.Nowhousesofanoldyetnewtypehavebeenwidelybuilt.Insomepartsoftheworldpeoplesharetheirhouseswiththeirlivestock家禽.Duringcoldweathertheygathertheircowsgoatsorotheranimalsandkeepthemonthefirstflooroftheirhouses.Thereasonsarethattheanimalscanbeprotectedfromthecoldandthattheycanhelptoheatthehousesaswell.Thebodyheatgivenoffbytheanimalsrisestothesecondfloorofthehouseswherepeoplelivein.Bysharingtheirhouseswiththeirlivestockpeoplegainasourceofheat.Peoplewholiveinornearcitiesdonotusuallykeeplivestock.Howeverhomebuildersusethefactthatheatrises.Thisnaturallawcanbeusedinbuildinghousesintheseareas.Insteadofkeepinglivestockonthefirstfloorbuildersfillitwithlargerocks.Astheyareopentothesun’sraysduringcoldweathertheserockstakeinheat.Theyalsogiveofftheheatandofcoursethewarmairrisesintothelivingareasofthehouses.Sothesehousesareenergy-saving.House-buildingbecomesagreatchallengetobuildingdesignersandenergyengineers.Theytrytomeetthischallengebylearningfromoldtraditionsandbyusingmoderntechnology.Andsomedayinthefuturepeoplewillbeabletoliveinmoreenergy-savinghouses.29.Whatdidpeoplebegintoconsideraselectricitywasnolongercheap?A.Theclimateoftheirareas.B.Theenergyfortheirhouses.C.Thefashionsfortheirhouses.D.Thebuildingmaterialsfortheirhouses.30.Theunderlinedwordsnaturallawinthethirdparagraphrefertothefactthat_____________.A.heatraisesthetemperatureinthehousesB.heatgoesintheupwarddirectionC.heatgoesupiftemperatureisraisedD.heatincreasesthetemperatureofrocks31.Fromthepassagewecanconcludethat__________.A.peoplewillnolongerconsiderbuildingmaterialsinthefutureB.energy-savingbuildingswillbecomemorepopularinthefutureC.almostallpeoplewillmoveintothehousesheatedbylargerocksD.energyengineerswilldevotethemselvesonlytomoderntechnology
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