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Plants are very important living things. Life could not go on if there were no plants. This is beca...
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高中英语《安徽省舒城晓天中学2015-2016学年高一下学期第一次月考考试试题及答案》真题及答案
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Plantsareveryimportantlivingthings.Lifecouldnotgoo
Plantsareveryimportantlivingthings.Lifecouldnotgoo
Theconservationareaisveryimportantforpreservingman
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therefore
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Plantsareveryimportantlivingthings.Lifecouldnotgoo
阅读理解阅读下面的短文然后根据短文内容在A.B.C.D.四个选项中选择最佳答案Plantsareve
Plantsareveryimportantlivingthings.Lifecouldnotgoo
Plantsareveryimportantlivingthings.Lifecouldnotgoo
阅读下面短文把A.～D.四个句子填入文中空缺处1～4使短文内容完整.然后完成第5题A.Butanyh
Plantsareveryimportantlivingthings.Lifecouldnotgoo
Plantsareveryimportantlivingthings.Lifecouldnotgoo
WhichofthefollowingisNOTthereasonwhysmallgreenplan
They keep the earth from becoming even drier.
They do not let wind blow the earth away.
They add color to the dry places.
They hold water.
Plantsareveryimportantlivingthings.Lifecouldnotgoo
CPlantsareveryimportantlivingthings.Lifecouldnotgo
Plantsareveryimportantlivingthings.Lifecouldnotgoo
Plantsareveryimportantlivingthings.Lifecouldnotgoo
Plantsareveryimportantlivingthings.Lifecouldnotgoo
Plantsareveryimportantlivingthings.Lifecouldnotgoo
EPlantsareveryimportantlivingthings.Lifecouldnotgo
BPlantsareveryimportantlivingthings.Lifecouldnotgo
Scientistsaretryingtomakethedesertsintogoodland
They keep the earth from becoming even drier.
They do not let wind blow the earth away.
They add color to the dry places.
They hold water.
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Astudyfoundthatyoungpeoplehaveastrongerandmoreunpleasantscent气味thantheelderlywhileelderlypeople'ssmellwasthemostdistinctivelessintenseandunpleasant.Researcherssaidthechangeinoursmellisdrivenbythechemicalswereleasethroughourglands腺andthebacteriaonourskin.Totestwhetherornotitreallyexistsscientistscollectedaseriesofsamples样品fromthreegroupsof12to16donorsaged20to3045to55and75to95.VolunteersworespecialT-shirtsfittedwithunderarmpads护垫astheysleptforfivenightsafterwhichthepadswerecupupandputinglassjars.A.separategroupof41peopleaged20to30wasthenaskedtosmelltwojarsatatimeandaskedwhichgroupofthedonorswasolderaswellasratinghowstrongandunpleasanteachsmellwas.WhenaskedtospecifywhetheraparticularsamplewasfromayoungmiddleagedoroldpersontheyweremuchmoresuccessfulatidentifyingolderpeoplE.Despitebeingthemostdistinctivetheolderpeople'ssmellwasalsoratedasbeingobviouslylessintenseandlessunpleasantthanthosefromtheothergroups.Researcherssaidtheirfindingsappearedtocontradictpeople'snegativeideasabouttheoldperson'ssmellbutadmittedotherfactorslikesmellybreathorskincouldbetoblameforitsbadreputation.Similartootheranimalshumanscangiveoffbodyscentsthatallowustoidentifybiologicalageavoidsickindividualsandpickasuitablepartner.Elderlypeoplehaveadistinctivescentthatyoungerpeopleconsidertobenotveryunpleasant.Thiswassurprisinggiventhepopularconceptionofoldagescentassmelly.Howeverit'spossiblethatothersourcesofbodyscentssuchasskinorbreathmayhavedifferentqualitiessaidDrJohanLundstromwholedthestudy.8.Whatdoweknowfromthestudy?A.Peopleshowgreatinterestinoldpeople'sscent.B.People'sscentcanonlybechangedbythebacteriaontheirskin.C.Peopleofdifferentagesgiveoffdifferentscents.D.People'sscentcanhelpdistinguishamanandawoman.9.Whichofthefollowingagesofpeoplehavethechancetoparticipateinthestudy?A.16.B.35.C.60.D.85.10.Accordingtothepassagepeopleusuallythinkthat________.A.oldpeople'sscentisterribleandunpleasantB.oldpeoplehaveabadreputationmainlyfortheirskinC.oldpeople'sscentissimplyfromtheirbreathD.oldpeoplegiveoffamorepleasantscent11.Whatistheauthor'spurposeinwritingthispassage?A.Totelloldpeopletoremovetheirterriblescent.B.Toprovethatpeopleoftenholdwrongideas.C.Toreportthefindingsofastudyaboutpeople'sscent.D.Toshowhowresearcherscarriedouttheirstudyaboutthescent.
SleepinginisoneofthebestpartsoftheweekenD.Afteralongexhaustingworkweeksometimesallyouwanttodoissleep.OnFridaynightyouslideunderthecoverssmilinginanticipation.Nowyoucanfinallycatchuponyoursleep.Exceptyoucan’t.WhenyouopenyoureyesSaturdaymorningit’sstillearly.Ifthiswereaweekdayyou’dbeupbeforeyouralarm.Sowhat’sthedeal?Wehatetobreakittoyoubutyou’veprettymuchdonethistoyourself.Yourbodyisverygoodatrecognizingpatternsandadjustingaccordingly.Ifyou’vegota9-to-5jobyou’regettingupearlyfivedaysaweek.Thiseffectivelysetsyourbodyclocktowakeyouatacertaintimeeachday.Youcanshutoffyouralarmclockbutyourbodyclockwilljustkeepticking.There’sanotherreasonthatyouprobablydon’twanttothinkabout:You’rejustnotasyoungasyouusedtobE.Weneedlesssleepaswegetolder.Babiesneedbetween16and20hours.Teenagersshouldbutoftendon’tgetninehoursanight.Youngerandmiddle-agedadultsneedeight.Ingeneraltheolderyougettheharderitistosnoozethedayaway.Evenifyoudomanagetosleepinyoumayneverfullycatchuponyoursleep.IfyourbodyneedseighthourseverynightandyouonlygetsixorsevenfromMondaytoFridayyou’dhavetosleepanextrafivetotenhoursonSaturdaytomakeitup.Andexpertssayeventhatmaynotbeenough.Thebottomline:Sleepwhenyoucanandenjoythoseextraweekendmorninghours.Whodoesn’twantalongerweekend?29.WhatdoestheunderlinedsentencemeaninParagraph1?A.YouknowthatyouwilloversleeponSaturdaymorning.B.Youneedn’tgetupearlyonSaturdaymorningsoyouwillhaveabettersleep.C.Sinceyoudon’tworkonSaturdayyouneedn’tgotosleepasusual.D.Youknowthateventhoughyouneedn’tgetupearlyonSaturdaymorningyouwillwakeasusual.30.WhatcanwelearnfromParagraph3?A.Ifyouhavea9-to-5jobyouarelikelytodevelopaflexiblebodyclock.B.Onceyouhavesetyourbodyclockitisnoteasytochangeit.C.Theauthorwillnotbreakthepatternbutyouwilldoityourself.D.Ifyouadjustyourbodyclockaccordinglyyouarehealthy.31.Whichofthefollowingisthereasonwhyyoucan’tsleepinonweekends?A.YouarenotwillingtoadmitthatyouareolD.B.YouneedtorelaxontheweekenD.C.Yourbodyclockstillworksonweekends.D.Youcannevergetenoughsleep.32.Whichisthebesttitleofthepassage?A.Whycan'tIsleepinonweekendsanymore?B.Whycan’tIcatchuponmysleep?C.HowtoturnoffmybodyclockonSaturdays?D.HowtogetmoresleeponSaturdaymornings?
Istherelinkbetweenhumansandclimatechangeornot?Thisquestionwasfirststudiedintheearly1900s.SincethenmanyscientistshavethoughtthatouractionsdomakeadifferencE.In1997theKyotoProtocolexplainedourroleintheEarth’schangingatmosphereandsetinternationallimitsforgasemissions排放from2008to2012.Somecountrieshavedecidedtocontinuethesereductionsuntil2020.MorerecentlytheParisAgreementstuckbynearly200countriesalsoaimstolimitglobalwarming.Butjustnowhowmuchwarmeritwillgetdependsonhowdeeplycountriescutcarbonemissions.3.5℃Thisishowmuchtemperatureswouldriseby2100evenifnationsliveuptotheinitialParispromisestoreducecarbonemissions;thisrisecouldstillputcoastalcitiesunderwateranddriveoverhalfofallspeciestoextinction.2℃TomeetthisminimumgoaltheAgreementrequirescountriestotightenemissionstargetseveryfiveyears.Eventhisincreasecouldsinksomeislandsworsedrought干旱anddriveadeclineofuptoathirdinthenumberofspecies.1.5℃ThisisthemostambitiousgoalfortemperaturerisesetbytheParisAgreementafterapushbylow-lyingislandnationslikeKiribatiwhichsaylimitingtemperatureriseto1.5℃couldsavethemfromsinking.0.8℃Thisishowmuchtemperatureshaverisensincetheindustrialagebeganputtingus40%ofthewaytothe2℃point.0℃ThebaselinehereisaverageglobaltemperaturebeforethestartoftheindustrialagE.70.Itcanbeconcludedfromparagraph1that_______.A.theproblemofglobalwarmingwillhavebeenquitesolvedby2020B.gasemissionshavebeeneffectivelyreducedindevelopedcountriesC.theParisAgreementsismoreinfluentialthantheKyotoProtocolD.humanshavemadecontinuouseffortstoslowdownglobalwarming71.IfnationscouldonlykeeptheinitialpromisesoftheParisAgreementwhatwouldhappenbytheyear2100?A.ThehumanpopulationwouldincreasebyonethirD.B.Littleover50%ofallspecieswouldstillexist.C.Nationswouldnotneedtotightentheiremissionstargets.D.TheAgreement’sminimumgoalwouldnotbereacheD.72.Ifthoseislandnationsnotfarabovesealevelaretosurvivethemaximumtemperaturerisesincethestartoftheindustrialageshouldbe_______.A.0.8℃B.1.5℃C.2℃D.3.5℃
Whatistime?Isitathingtobesavedorspentorwastedlikemoney?Orisitsomethingwehavenocontroloverliketheweather?Istimethesameallovertheworld?That'saneasyquestionyousay.Whereveryougoaminuteis60secondsanhouris60minutesadayis24hoursandsoforth.ButinAmericatimeismorethanthat.AmericansseetimeasavaluableresourcE.Maybethat'swhytheyarefondoftheexpressionTimeismoney.BecauseAmericansbelievetimeisalimitedresourcetheytrytoconserveandmanageit.PeopleintheU.S.oftenattendseminarsorreadbooksontimemanagement.Itseemstheyallwanttoorganizetheirtimebetter.Professionalscarryaroundpocketplanners--someinelectronicform--tokeeptrackofappointmentsanddeadlines.PeopledoalltheycantosqueezemoretimeoutoftheirtimE.TheearlyAmericanheroBenjaminFranklinexpressedthisviewbest:Doyoulovelife?Thendonotwastetimeforthatisthestufflifeismadeof.ToAmericanspunctualityisawayofshowingrespectforotherpeople'stimE.Beingmorethan10minuteslatetoanappointmentusuallycallsforanapologyandanexplanation.Peoplewhoarerunninglateoftencallaheadtoletothersknowofthedelay.OfcoursethelessformalthesituationisthelessimportantitistobeexactlyontimE.Atinformalget-togethersforexamplepeopleoftenarriveasmuchas30minutespasttheappointedtimE.TooutsidersAmericansseemtiedtotheclock.Peopleinotherculturesvaluerelationshipsmorethanschedules.Inthesesocietiespeopledon'ttrytocontroltimebuttoexperienceit.EvenAmericanswouldadmitthatnoonecanmastertimE.Time--likemoney--slipsalltooeasilythroughourfingers.Andtime--liketheweather--isveryhardtopredict.Neverthelesstimeisoneoflife'smostpreciousgifts.Andunwrappingitishalfthefun.4.What’sthemaintopicofthispassage?A.Whatistime?B.TimeamongAmericans.C.MakegooduseoftimE.D.Howtocontroltime?5.What’sthemeaningoftheunderlinedwordconserve?A.protectB.developC.produceD.assist6.ThesentenceAmericansseemtiedtotheclockinparagraph5probablymeans________.A.Americansoftencarryaclockwiththem.B.AmericanscantakecontrolovertimE.C.AmericansoftenmakefulluseoftimE.D.AmericanscannotpredictthetimE.7.Wecansafelydrawaconclusionfromthispassagethat_________.A.Americanshavemoretimethanothers.B.byusingpocketplannerspeoplecanhavemoretimE.C.forinformalmeetingAmericansoftenarrive30minutesearlier.D.Americansoftenattendseminarsbecausetheywanttousetimebetter
TodaymanyspeciesofanimalsandplantsareendangereD.Thismeanstheyareindangerofbecomingextinctandlivingononlyinthepagesofhistorybooks.Thefamousdodoisaclassicexampleofacreaturethatbecameextinct.A.flightlessbirdthatlivedontheislandofMauritiusitwasdiscoveredbysailorsin1598butwashuntedtoextinctionby1681.HuntinghascausedtheBengaltigerandtheAfricanelephanttobeendangeredtodaybuthabitatdestructioncanalsoleadtoextinction.Thisisequallytrueforplants.Animalsandplantsdisappearforotherreasonstoobutthemaincauseisoftenadisruption打乱破坏inthenaturalfoodchainwhetherduetohuntinghabitatdestructionoreventheintroductionofalienspecies.Thenaturalfoodchainisthecyclethatgovernstheexistenceofalllifeonthisplanet.Itisacarefullybalancedcycleandanyimbalancethatoccurscancauseknock-oneffectsthathaveseriousconsequences.Atthebeginningofthenaturalfoodchainareplantswhichturnsunlightintoenergyanddrawnutrientsfromtheearth.Plantsarecalledproducers.Aftertheproducerscometheconsumers.Therearethreetiersofconsumers.Firstarecreaturessuchasplant-eatinganimalsfishandinsectswhichfeedofftheproducers.Theseanimalsthatonlyeatplantsarecalledherbivores.Thesecondtierofconsumersarecarnivores-animalsthatliveoffotheranimals.Thethirdtierofconsumerseatsbothotheranimalsandplants.Theseconsumersincludingmosthumansarecalledomnivores.Afteranimalsandplantsdietheybecomefoodforothersmallercreaturessuchasbacteriaandsomeplantssuchasfungi.Astheyfeedthesecreaturesturnthedeadbodiesbackintogasesandmineralswhichareagainfoodfortheproducersatthebeginningofthefoodchain.Andsothecyclecontinues.AllofnatureisconnectedandgovernedbyhundredsofthesedelicatefoodchainsandifasingleplantinthechaincannotsurvivethentheinsectsthatliveofftheplantstarttodieandtheanimalsthateattheinsectsalsostarttodiE.Whenafoodchainisdisruptedtheconsequencescanbeextremelyserious.Oneestimatesuggeststhatforeachplantspeciesthatislostupto30animalsandinsectsmayalsodieout.Onewondershowmanyspecieswereaffectedbytheextinctionofthedodo?Humanscanhavedisastrouseffectsonfoodchains.We'vealreadymentionedhuntingbutnowlet'slookattravel.Whenpeoplefirststartedtoexploretheworldtheytookplantandanimalspeciesfromtheirhomecountriesandintroducedthemwherevertheywent.Theydidn'trealizethatbyintroducingalienspeciestheyweredisruptingthenaturalfoodchainsoftheareastheydiscovereD.Althoughtherearestrictrulesinplacetodaycontrollingtheimportandexportofalienspeciessomeplacesarestillfightingtheeffectsofaliensintroducedhundredsofyearsago.ForexampleGoughIslandintheSouthAtlanticOceanisabreedinggroundforalbatrossesthathavebeennestingthereforcenturies.Butinthe19thcenturymicefrompassingshipswerebroughttotheislanD.Beingaspeciesalientotheislandtheyhadnonaturalpredatorsandhavenowgrowntosuchasizethattheyareattackingandkillingalbatrosschicks.Iftheyareallowedtocontinuetheywillwipeoutthealbatrosspopulation.Withimportlawsandpeople'srisingawarenessofhowhumansaffectthenaturalenvironmenthopefullywecanlearntofitbetterintothenaturalfoodchainsthatgovernourworlD.Otherwiseweneedtoacceptthatthelossofanymoreplantsandanimalscouldeventuallymeanourownextinction.62.Whatdothefirsttwoparagraphsmainlytellus?A.Huntingandhabitatdestructionleadtoextinction.B.ManyspeciesofanimalsandplantsareendangereD.C.Plantsandanimalsbecomeextinctforthesamereasons.D.Themaincauseofextinctionisoftenadisruptioninthenaturalfoodchain.63.WhichofthefollowingsentenceisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A.Strictrulesalonecanremovethebadeffectsofalienspecies.B.Plantsherbivoresandcarnivoresarethethreetiersofconsumers.C.IfabirdbecomesextincttherelevantfoodchainwillbedisrupteD.D.AnimalsandplantsbecomeextinctbecausealienspeciesareimporteD.64.BymentioningthemiceinGoughIslandtheauthorintendstohighlight______.A.miceworldwidearegrowingallthetimeB.beingalienstheyhadnonaturalpredatorsC.someplacesarestillfightingtheeffectsofaliensD.travelingcanhavedisastrouseffectsonfoodchains65.Whatisthebesttitleofthepassage?A.Survivalofthefittest.B.Endangeredanimalsandplants.C.Howtoprotectthenaturalenvironment.D.Thelinkbetweenfoodchainsandextinction.
Themeaningofsilencevariesamongculturalgroups.Silencesmaybethoughtfulortheymaybeemptywhenapersonhasnothingtosay.A.silenceinaconversationmayalsoshowstubbornnessorworry.Silencemaybeviewedbysomeculturalgroupsasextremelyuncomfortable;thereforeattemptsmaybemadetofilleverygap间隙withconversation.Personsinotherculturalgroupsvaluesilenceandviewitasnecessaryforunderstandingaperson'sneeds.ManyNativeAmericansvaluesilenceandfeelitisabasicpartofcommunicatingamongpeoplejustassometraditionalChineseandThaipersonsdo.Thereforewhenapersonfromoneoftheseculturesisspeakingandsuddenlystopswhatmaybeimplied暗示isthatthepersonwantsthelistenertoconsiderwhathasbeensaidbeforecontinuing.Intheseculturessilenceisacallforreflection.Otherculturesmayusesilenceinotherwaysparticularlywhendealingwithconflictsamongpeopleorinrelationshipsofpeoplewithdifferentamountsofpower.ForexampleRussianFrenchandSpanishpersonsmayusesilencetoshowagreementbetweenpartiesaboutthetopicunderdiscussion.HoweverMexicansmayusesilencewheninstructionsaregivenbyapersoninauthorityratherthanberudetothatpersonbyarguingwithhimorher.InstillanotherusepersonsinAsianculturesmayviewsilenceasasignofrespectparticularlytoanelderorapersoninauthority.Nursesandothercare-giversneedtobeawareofthepossiblemeaningsofsilencewhentheycomeacrossthepersonalanxietytheirpatientsmaybeexperiencing.Nursesshouldrecognizetheirownpersonalandculturalconstructionofsilencesothatapatient’ssilenceisnotinterruptedtooearlyorallowedtogoonunnecessarily.A.nursewhounderstandsthehealing治愈valueofsilencecanusethisunderstandingtoassistinthecareofpatientsfromtheirownandfromothercultures.12.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutsilenceinconversations?A.Itimpliesanger.B.Itpromotesfriendship.C.Itisculture-specifiC.D.Itiscontent-baseD.13.Whichofthefollowingpeoplemightregardsilenceasacallforcarefulthought?A.TheChinesE.B.TheFrench.C.TheMexicans.D.TheRussians.14.Whatdoestheauthoradvisenursestodoaboutsilence?A.Letitcontinueasthepatientpleases.B.Breakitwhiletreatingpatients.C.Evaluateitsharmtopatients.D.Makeuseofitshealingeffects.15.Whatmaybethebesttitleforthetext?A.SoundandSilenceB.WhatItMeanstoBeSilentC.SilencetoNativeAmericansD.SpeechIsSilver;SilenceIsGold
Theworld’smostpopulartypeofbananaisfacingamajorhealthcrisis.Accordingtoanewstudyadiseasecausedbyapowerfulfungus真菌iskillingthebananawhichaccountsfor99%ofthebananamarketaroundtheglobE.ThediseasecalledTropicalRace4TR4hasaffectedbananacropsinSoutheastAsiafordecades.InrecentyearsithasspreadtotheMiddleEastandtheAfricannation.NowexpertsfearthediseasewillshowupinLatinAmericawherethemajorityoftheworld’sbananasaregrown.OnceabananaplantisinfectedwithTR4itcannotgetnourishmentfromwaterandbasicallydiesofthirst.TR4livesinsoilandcaneasilyattachtoaperson’sboots.IfthebootswiththefungesarethenwornonafieldwherebananasaregrownthediseasecouldbetransferreD.Onceafieldhasbeeninfectedwiththediseaseyoucan’tgrowbananasthereanymorePloetzsays.Thediseaselastsalongtimeinthesoil.Bananasareproducedinmassquantitiesandarepopularamongconsumers.They’rewhatyoubuyinthegrocerystoreandwhatyourmomusestomakeusestomakebananabreadPloetzsay.Consumerslikethewaybananalooksandtestes.ButbananaaresensitivetothisdiseasE.Soonceoneplantgetsinfecteditjustrunslikewildfirethroughoutthatentireplantation.BananashavefacedthiskindofcrisisbeforE.Inthemid-1900sthemostpopularbananaatthetimewasnearlywipedoutbyanearlierversionofTR4.ThesolutiontoaddresstheproblemPloetzsaysistotrytobreedanotherspeciesthatcanresistTR4.Henotesthatwestillhavetimebeforeweneedtoworryaboutthebananadisappearing.25.Whattroublearebananasfacedwith?A.GettingdiseasE.B.Pollutingthesoil.C.LimitedmarketD.Refusedbyconsumers.26.Thebiggestbananagrowingareaintheworldisin_____.A.SoutheastAsiaB.MiddleEastC.AfricaD.LatinAmerica27.Thewaytofightagainstbananacrisisis______.A.toimprovethesoilB.todevelopnewbananasC.todiscoverapowerfulfungusD.toreducethequantityofplantation28.Wecanknowthat______.A.TR4isproducedfrombananasdirectlyandthendestroyssoilB.TR4livesinsoilandharmsaperson’sfootbybananasC.TR4iscreatedfrombootsandtheninfectsbananasD.TR4growsinsoilandinfectsbananasbyboots
WhatistheE-mailThee-mailwhichisalsocalledemailstandsforelectronicmail.Youcansendmessagesinonlyafewsecondsbye-mail.OntheInternettherearemanypowerfulcomputerscalledserverstohelppeoplesendandreceiveemails.Thesendingandreceivingserversarejustlikepostoffices.Ifyouwanttousetheemailserviceyouhavetoopenatleastanemailaccount账户calledamailboxjustlikewesetupamailboxinapostofficE.SomemailboxesareprovidedfreeofchargebyISPswhichyoucangetwhenyouopenanInternetaccount.MostwidelyusedmailboxesareprovidedfreebytheISPsandanyonecanapplyforoneevenifhehasnoISPaccount.Howtoapplyforafreemailbox?FirstyouhavetoconnecttotheInternetandgotothehomepage主页oftheISPprovidingfreemailboxes.Thenyou’llfindanicon符号showingapplyforafreemailboxclicktheiconanagreementabouttherulesforusingthefreemailboxwillappear.IfyouwanttogoonclicktheiconIagree.Thenyouhavetofillinaformaboutyourbasicpersonalinformationandthenameandpinofthemailbox.Thepinisthekeytothemailbox.Afterfinishingtheseyou’llgetamailboxlikethis:yourname@mailserverforexample:jack@163.com.Themailboxisseparatedintotwopartsbyaseparator@whichisreadasat.Theformerpartisthenameofthemailbox.Thelatter后者isthedomainname域名ofthemailserver.Allmailstoyouwillbereceivedbytheserverandputintoyourmailbox.Youcanreadthismailonanycomputerintheworldaslongasyouhavethenameandpinofthemailbox.24.Ifyouwanttosendorreceiveanemailyoushouldfirst_____.A.writetotheISPsB.fillinaformC.applyforamailboxD.gotothepostoffice25.Hereisanemailaddressecpjyb@ecp.com.cn.Whatisthenameofthemailbox?A.ecp.B.ecp.com.cnC.com.cnD.ecpjyb26.Thewritermainlywantstotellushowto____inthispassagE.A.sendorreceivealetterbyemailB.setupafreeemail-boxC.setupone’semailaddressD.readtheemailonanycomputerintheworld
DouglasFlorianteachesreadersaboutbeesinanewbookofpoemscalledUnBEElievables.Inhislatestbookeachpoemispairedwithacolorfulimagethatillustrates图解adifferenttypeofbeeanditsroleinthegroup.Everypageisfulloffunandinterestingfactsaboutthesesocialinsects.TFK:Whenyoubrainstormforastorywhichcomesfirst:theimagesorthepoems?FLORIAN:Usuallythepoemscomefirst.Forabookof21poemsforexampleI'llactuallywriteabout50poemsfirst.AlthoughIsometimeshaveimagesinmymindtogoalongwiththewordsIhavetochoosewhichonesIwanttoincludeinthebook.TFK:ManyofyourbooksincludingUnBEElievablesareaboutinsectsandanimals.Howdidthesebecomeyourfavoritesubjects?FLORIAN:ThereissomuchhumorintheanimalworlD.Peoplehavealotofknowledgeaboutanimalsandideasaboutanimalsthatarefuntoexploreinwriting.Animalsarejustsointeresting.WhenIresearchIfindoutsomanynewandamazingfacts.ThepoemisoftenhalfwrittenbythetimeIhavedonewithmyresearch.TFK:Whydidyouchoosebeesasthesubjectofyourlatestbook?FLORIAN:Isawrecentlyinthenewsthatmanybeesaredyingout.Scientistsbelievethistobecausedbyvariousdiseases.Iwantedtocreateawarenessandlearnmoreaboutbeesafterhearingthis.Somanyofthefruitsandvegetablesweeataredependentonpollination授粉byhoneybees.IfbeesdisappearsowillmuchofourfooD.TFK:Doyouhaveafavoritebee?FLORIAN:Oneofmyfavoritesisthepoemandpaintingabouttheworkerbees.Iwantedthepaintingtobeveryplayfulandlight.Thesebeeshavetoworkalldayandit'skindoflikeafactory.AndeventhoughthesebeeshavetoworkveryhardtheymanagetosmilE.21.UnBEElievablesisabookabout.A.insectsB.imagesC.storiesD.fruits22.WhydidDouglasFlorianchoosebeesasthesubjectofhislatestbook?A.Becausebeesareeasytoexploreinwriting.B.Becausehewantspeopletoprotectbees.C.Becausehehasnoideaaboutbees.D.Becausebeesaregoingtodieout.23.DouglasFlorianlikestheworkerbeesbestmainlybecauseoftheir.A.hardworkB.greatcontributionC.dangeroussituationD.attitudetowardsworking
TheOwlCountAnniesleptinthefrontoftheseatwithherfatherdrovethroughthedarkness.We’realmostthere!Dadannouncedcheerfully.Soonwe’llbeobservingandcountingowlsatthestatepark.YawningAnnienoddedandsmileD.Thetimewas4:30A.m.LookingoutintothedarknessAnnierememberedlearninginschoolthatmostowlsareactiveatnightwhentheyhuntforfooD.Duringthedaytheysleepinhard-to-findspots.Dadwhydoyouneedtocountowls?sheaskeD.It’simportantforthescientiststohavecurrentinformationaboutbirdpopulationsheexplaineD.WewanttoknowwhichbirdshavedecreasedinnumberandwhetheranynewkindsofbirdsarecomingintoacertainareA.YouandIwillwritedownthekindsofbirdsthatweseetodayandkeeparecordofhowmanytimesweseeeachkinD.Thenwe’llsendoutareporttoascientificorganizationthatiscollectingaboutbirdsfrompeoplealloverthecountry.Dadpulledintotheparkinglotofthestatepark.Thenwithflashinginhandtheybegantheirhikeintothewoods.Anniezippeduphercoatandtriedtokeepfromtrembling.ShehadnotexpectedthemorningtobesocolD.Luckilyhergloveswereinherpocket.SuddenlyAnnie’sfatherstoppedandgesturedforhertobestill.ObeyingAnniedidnottakeanotherstep.ShethoughtsheheardalowcryingupheaD.That’scertainlyascreechowlherfatherwhispereD.Let’sgetalookatit.AfterlookingmorecloselyAnniecouldseethatitwasasmallowl.Sensingdangertheowlnarroweditseyesandpulleditsfeatherstightlyagainstitsbody.Anniecarefullywrotedowninhernotebookthattheyhadseenascreechowl.WalkingalittlefarthertheycametoatalloaktreE.ThislookslikeaperfectspottoattractowlsDadsaidI’mgoingtoplayarecordingofcommoncallofthebarredowl.Maybewecangetonetoanswer.’Anniecouldhardlybelieveherear.TherecordedcallsoundedasifthebirdwereaskingWhocooksforyou?MomentslaterAnniethoughtsheheardareturncallinthedistancE.SheheldherbreathandwaiteD.Suddenlyahugebirdlandedveryquietlyonabranchabovethem.Anniehadlongforgottenhowcolditwas.Shestoodinwondershiningherflashlightonthebirdandstudyingitcarefully.Thebarredowlwasnearlytwofeettall.Greyfeatherssurroundeditsdarkeyes.Thebirddidnotstaylongbutitdidnotmatter.Anniewouldneverforgettheimageofthepowerfulbarredowl.25.WhydidAnnieandherfathergotothestatepark?A.Totakeahikeinthewoods.B.Torecordthecallofbarredowl.C.Tocollectinformationaboutbirds.D.ToprotecttheenvironmentforwildlifE.26.Inparagraph4whydidAnnie’sfatherstophersuddenly?A.Henoticedascreechowl.B.Heheardsomebodycrying.C.Hesensedtheywereindanger.D.HeremindedhertotakedownnotE.27.HowdidAnniefeelwhenshesawthebarredowl?A.BoredB.AmazedC.FrightenedD.Relaxed
TodaymanyspeciesofanimalsandplantsareendangereD.Thismeanstheyareindangerofbecomingextinctandlivingononlyinthepagesofhistorybooks.Thefamousdodoisaclassicexampleofacreaturethatbecameextinct.A.flightlessbirdthatlivedontheislandofMauritiusitwasdiscoveredbysailorsin1598butwashuntedtoextinctionby1681.HuntinghascausedtheBengaltigerandtheAfricanelephanttobeendangeredtodaybuthabitatdestructioncanalsoleadtoextinction.Thisisequallytrueforplants.Animalsandplantsdisappearforotherreasonstoobutthemaincauseisoftenadisruption打乱破坏inthenaturalfoodchainwhetherduetohuntinghabitatdestructionoreventheintroductionofalienspecies.Thenaturalfoodchainisthecyclethatgovernstheexistenceofalllifeonthisplanet.Itisacarefullybalancedcycleandanyimbalancethatoccurscancauseknock-oneffectsthathaveseriousconsequences.Atthebeginningofthenaturalfoodchainareplantswhichturnsunlightintoenergyanddrawnutrientsfromtheearth.Plantsarecalledproducers.Aftertheproducerscometheconsumers.Therearethreetiersofconsumers.Firstarecreaturessuchasplant-eatinganimalsfishandinsectswhichfeedofftheproducers.Theseanimalsthatonlyeatplantsarecalledherbivores.Thesecondtierofconsumersarecarnivores-animalsthatliveoffotheranimals.Thethirdtierofconsumerseatsbothotheranimalsandplants.Theseconsumersincludingmosthumansarecalledomnivores.Afteranimalsandplantsdietheybecomefoodforothersmallercreaturessuchasbacteriaandsomeplantssuchasfungi.Astheyfeedthesecreaturesturnthedeadbodiesbackintogasesandmineralswhichareagainfoodfortheproducersatthebeginningofthefoodchain.Andsothecyclecontinues.AllofnatureisconnectedandgovernedbyhundredsofthesedelicatefoodchainsandifasingleplantinthechaincannotsurvivethentheinsectsthatliveofftheplantstarttodieandtheanimalsthateattheinsectsalsostarttodiE.Whenafoodchainisdisruptedtheconsequencescanbeextremelyserious.Oneestimatesuggeststhatforeachplantspeciesthatislostupto30animalsandinsectsmayalsodieout.Onewondershowmanyspecieswereaffectedbytheextinctionofthedodo?Humanscanhavedisastrouseffectsonfoodchains.We'vealreadymentionedhuntingbutnowlet'slookattravel.Whenpeoplefirststartedtoexploretheworldtheytookplantandanimalspeciesfromtheirhomecountriesandintroducedthemwherevertheywent.Theydidn'trealizethatbyintroducingalienspeciestheyweredisruptingthenaturalfoodchainsoftheareastheydiscovereD.Althoughtherearestrictrulesinplacetodaycontrollingtheimportandexportofalienspeciessomeplacesarestillfightingtheeffectsofaliensintroducedhundredsofyearsago.ForexampleGoughIslandintheSouthAtlanticOceanisabreedinggroundforalbatrossesthathavebeennestingthereforcenturies.Butinthe19thcenturymicefrompassingshipswerebroughttotheislanD.Beingaspeciesalientotheislandtheyhadnonaturalpredatorsandhavenowgrowntosuchasizethattheyareattackingandkillingalbatrosschicks.Iftheyareallowedtocontinuetheywillwipeoutthealbatrosspopulation.Withimportlawsandpeople'srisingawarenessofhowhumansaffectthenaturalenvironmenthopefullywecanlearntofitbetterintothenaturalfoodchainsthatgovernourworlD.Otherwiseweneedtoacceptthatthelossofanymoreplantsandanimalscouldeventuallymeanourownextinction.62.Whatdothefirsttwoparagraphsmainlytellus?A.Huntingandhabitatdestructionleadtoextinction.B.ManyspeciesofanimalsandplantsareendangereD.C.Plantsandanimalsbecomeextinctforthesamereasons.D.Themaincauseofextinctionisoftenadisruptioninthenaturalfoodchain.63.WhichofthefollowingsentenceisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A.Strictrulesalonecanremovethebadeffectsofalienspecies.B.Plantsherbivoresandcarnivoresarethethreetiersofconsumers.C.IfabirdbecomesextincttherelevantfoodchainwillbedisrupteD.D.AnimalsandplantsbecomeextinctbecausealienspeciesareimporteD.64.BymentioningthemiceinGoughIslandtheauthorintendstohighlight______.A.miceworldwidearegrowingallthetimeB.beingalienstheyhadnonaturalpredatorsC.someplacesarestillfightingtheeffectsofaliensD.travelingcanhavedisastrouseffectsonfoodchains65.Whatisthebesttitleofthepassage?A.Survivalofthefittest.B.Endangeredanimalsandplants.C.Howtoprotectthenaturalenvironment.D.Thelinkbetweenfoodchainsandextinction.
A.newstudybythePewResearchCentershowsthatthenumberofdadswhochoosetostayhomeandcarefortheirchildrenandfamilieshasquadrupled成为四倍overthepast25years.Cansocialandeconomicfactorsexplainthechange?Makenomistake;fatherswhoaretheprimarycaregiverfortheirchildrenarefarfromthenorm.Infacttheyareonly16%ofallstay-at-homeparents.butthatnumberisupfrom10%since1989.WhenpewstartedanalyzingdatA.ThesteadygrowthsincethensuggeststhatthesenumbersrepresentagrowingtrenD.It’supfrom1.1millionto2millionsaysGretchenLivingstononeofthestudyauthors.Moresignificantlythenumberofmanwhosaytheystayathomespeciallytotakecareoftheirhomeandchildrenisatanall-timehighmorethanfourtimestherateoffatherswhogavethatsameanswerin1989.Aswomenhavetakenonmorehigh-payingcareerstheassumptionthatthey’llstayhomewiththechildrenhasbecomelessautomatiC.MywifeandIwereearningaboutthesameincomeatthetimejustafterourdaughterwasborn.WefeltthatifsomeonewasgoingtoraiseourchildrenitwouldhavetobeoneofussaysAlWattsthepresidentofthenationalAt-HomeDadNetwork.MywifewaspromotedshortlyaftershegotbackfrommaternityleaveandthatriseinpaywouldallowustoliveononeincomE.In198910%offatherswerestay-at-homeparents.In201416%arE.Fourteenpercentofthefatherswithoutahighschooldiplomastayathomecomparedto3%ofthosewithacollegedegreE.In1989morethanhalf56%ofdadswhostayedathomecited引用illnessordisabilityassthetopreason.Thirty-fivepercentcitethatreasonnow.Only5%ofstay-at-homedadsin1989saidcaringforfamilywasthemainreasonforstayingathomE.Nowthatnumberis21%.Theriseinstay-at-homedadscoincideswithachangeinsocialandeconomictrendsregardingwomenintheworkforcesaysFarnooshTorabiauthorofWhenSheMakesMorE.Weknowthatbeforetheyevengetmarriedwomenareout-earningandout-earningmenshesaysnotingthatyoungerwomenarenowgettingmoredegreesandbetterpayingjobsonaveragethanmen.61.Theunderlinedsentenceinthesecondparagraphmeansthat________.A.therearenotenoughstay-at-homedadsB.beingstay-at-homedadsisatrendnowC.stay-at-homedadsarestillintheminorityD.stay-at-homedadsaremakingamistakendecision62.WhatimpressesGretchenLivingstonmostaccordingtoparagraph3?A.Thetotalnumberofstay-at-homedads.B.Thepurposeofbecomingstay-at-homedads.C.Thequickincreaseinthenumberofstay-at-homedads.D.Thereasonforthewideacceptanceofstay-at-homedads.63.WhatmadeAlWattsdecidetobecomeastay-at-homedad?A.Hisbeingoutofwork.B.Hismakingmoremoney.C.Hiswife’swageincreasE.D.Hiswife’sencouragement.64.InFarnooshTorabi’sopiniontheriseinstay-at-homedadsresultsfrom_________.A.theterribleeconomicenvironmentB.theriseinwomen’seconomicstatusC.theever-increasingcostofraisingchildrenD.thechangeofmen’sattitudetowardsfamily
Couldyourcellphonegiveyoucancer?Whetheritcouldornotsomepeopleareworryingaboutthepossibilitythatphonespowerlinesandwi-ficouldberesponsibleforarangeofillnessesfromrashestobraintumors.Somesaythereisevidencetosupportthegrowinganxieties.DavidCarpenteraprofessorofenvironmentalhealthsciencesattheuniversityatAlbanyinNewYorkthinksthere’sagreaterthan95percentchancethatpowerlinescancausechildhoodleukemia白血病.Alsothere’sagreaterthan90percentchancethatcellphonescancausebraintumors.It’sapparentnowthatthere’sarealrisksaidCarpenter.ButothersbelievetheseconcernsareunjustifieD.DrMarthaLinettheheadofradiationepidemiology流行病学attheUSNationalCancerInstitutehaslookedatthesameresearchasCarpenterbuthasreachedadifferentconclusion.Idon’tsupportwarninglabelsforcellphonessaidLinet.Wedon’thavetheevidencethatthere’smuchdanger.StudiessofarsuggestaweakconnectionbetweenEMFs电磁场andillness—soweakthatitmightnotexistatall.A.multinationalinvestigationofcellphonesandbraincancerin13countriesoutsidetheUShasbeenunderwayforseveralyears.It’sfundedinpartbytheEuropeanUnioninpartbyacellphoneindustrygroup.Thefinalreportshouldcomeoutlaterthisyearbutdatasofardon’tsuggestastronglinkbetweencellphoneuseandcancerrisk.12.Fromthepassagewecanlearnthatsomepeopleareworriedbecause_______.A.theyhaveevidencethattheuseofcellphonescanleadtocancerB.theymakeafussovercellphoneuseC.someexpertshavegivenawarningD.cellphonesareresponsibleforbraintumors13.BysayingIdon’tsupportwarninglabelsforcellphonesDrMarthaLinethastheideathat_______.A.theworryingisunnecessaryB.cancer-warninglabelsshouldbeoncellphonesC.thereisalinkbetweencellphonesandcancerD.cellphoneshavenothingtodowithcancer14.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribestheattitudeoftheauthortowardsthedebate?A.OptimistiC.B.ObjectivE.C.OppositE.D.Casual.15.What’sthebesttitleofthepassage?A.Cellphones:isthereacancerlink?B.Thereisalinkbetweencellphoneandcancer.C.A.researchonthecellphonE.D.Thecellphoneandradiationepidemiology
Theworldofwearabletechnologyhasbeenquietlygrowing.Theyear2015couldbetheyearwhenwearablegadgetstrulybecomeamainstream.Let’stakealookatsomeofthem.ShoesAnIndiancompanyDucereTechnologieshascreatedapairofshoescalledLechal.TheycandirectyouthroughthebusiestcityorthemostremotecountrysidE.TheyworkbyusingBluetoothtoconnectwithaphoneapp.Afteryou’veenteredthedestinationyouwanttogotoonyourphonetheshoesdirectyoubyvibratingeithertheleftorrightfoottotellyouwhichwayyoushouldturn.TheinsolesoftheshoescanberemovedandplacedintoapairofyourchoicE.Thismaybethestartofanewkindofhigh-techfootwear.HeadwearClippedontoyourheadbandorontoyourT-shirtRun-n-ReadtracksyourheadmovementsandthenmovesthetextonthescreenofyouriPadorotherreadingdevicesinrealtimetoalwaysbeinsyncwithyoureyes.Thoughapersonstandingnearbycanseethetextjumpingupanddownforyouthetextappearsperfectlystill.Yourheadmovesbutthewordsdonot.Run-n-Readalsocomeswithitsowngesturerecognitionsystem.SimplytapthedeviceoncetoturnthepageforwardortaptwicetogobackapagE.GetreadyforanenjoyablereadingexperienceonthemovE.BraceletsFitBitwillstealtheshow抢出风头in2015withitstwonewfitnesstrackerstheFitBitSurgeandtheFitBitChargeHR.ThehighlightoftheChargeHRisthatitmonitorsheartratecontinuouslyevenduringsleepwhichissomethingmostheartrate-enabledfitnessbandsdon’tdo.ItcanalsoworkasawatchtotellthetimE.LookingmorelikeasmartwatchtheSurgehasanLEDtouchdisplayscreen.Thisallowsyoutocontrolyoursmartphoneandseewhoiscallingormessagingyou.Italsohaseightdifferentsensorsandcanrecordactivitiesindifferentsports.33.WhatcanLechaldoaccordingtothepassage?A.DirectyoutosomeplacE.B.Dialthenumberforyou.C.HelpyoureadthetextmessagE.D.Monitoryourheartrateforhealth.34.Run-n-Readisakindofequipmentthat.A.tracksyourmovementsthroughT-shirtsB.canwakeyouupandtellyouthetimeC.usesagesturerecognitionsystemD.protectsyoureyesfrompotentialdamage35.Whatdothethreewearablegadgetshaveincommon?A.Theyareinthepossessionofabigcompany.B.Theyhavesoldverywellinthelastfewyears.C.Theyareconsideredtogainpopularityin2015.D.Theywillmakethecompanyearnmuchmoney.
Ingeneralpeopletalkabouttwogroupsofcolors:warmcolorsandcoolcolors.Thewarmcolorsareredorangeandyellow.WheretherearewarmcolorsandalotoflightpeopleusuallywanttobeactivE.Thecoolcolorsaregreenblueandviolet.Thesecolorsunlikewarmcolorsarerelaxing.Wheretherearecoolcolorspeopleareusuallyquiet.PeoplewholiketospendtimealoneoftenpreferbluE.Redmaybeexcitingbutoneresearchersaysthattimeseemstopassmoreslowlyinaroomwithwarmcolorsthaninaroomwithcoolcolors.Hesuggeststhatawarmcolorsuchasredororangeisagoodcolorforalivingroomorrestaurant.Peoplewhoarerelaxingoreatingdonotwanttimetopassquickly.Coolcolorsarebetterforofficesorfactoriesifthepeoplewhoareworkingtherewanttimetopassquickly.Perhapswarmcolorsremindpeopleofwarmdaysandthecoolcolorsremindthemofcooldays.Peopleassociatecolorswithdifferentobjectsfeelingsandholidays.Peoplesayredisanexcitingandactivecolor.Theyassociateredwithastrongfeelinglikeanger.RedisusedforsignsofdangersuchasSTOPsignsandfireengines.TheholidaywhichisassociatedwithredisValentine’sDay.Orangeisthebrightwarmcolorofleavesinautumn.Peoplesayorangeisalivelyenergeticcolor.Theyassociateorangewithhappiness.TheholidayswhichareassociatedwithorangeareHalloweeninOctoberandThanksgivingDayinNovember.Whiteisthecolorofsnow.Peopledescribewhiteasapurecleancolor.Theyassociatewhitewithabrightcleanfeeling.Ontheotherhandblackisthecolorofnight.Peoplewearblackclothesatseriousorformalceremonies.Yellowisthecolorofsunlight.Peoplesayitisacheerfulandlivelycolor.Greenisthecoolcolorofgrassinspring.Peoplesayitisarefreshingandrelaxingcolor.Machinesinfactoriesareusuallypaintedlightgreen.BlueisthecoloroftheskywaterandicE.PoliceandNavyuniformsarebluE.WhenpeoplearesadtheysayIfeelbluE.Theyassociatebluewithfeelingslikeunhappinessandfear.Iftwoobjectsarethesameexceptforcolortheywilllookdifferent.Colorcanmakeanobjectlooknearerorfartherlargerorsmaller.Brightobjectslooklargerthandarkobjects.InconclusioncolorisveryimportanttopeoplE.Warmandcoolcolorsaffecthowpeoplefeel.Peoplechooseproductsbycolor.Moreovercoloraffectshowanobjectlooks.Itisevenpossiblethatyourfavoritecolortellsalotaboutyou.32.Thepeoplewhopreferwarmcolorsusuallyare________.A.quietB.energeticC.angryD.relaxing33.Thefactthatonefamilypaintsthelivingroomasunnyyellowsuggests________.A.peoplewanttobequietB.peoplewanttosleepslowlyC.peoplewanttimetopassmoreslowlyD.peopleassociatecolorswithholidays34.Whydodoctorsandnursesnormallywearwhiteuniforms?A.Becausewhitemeanspureandclean.B.Becausewhitemeansseriousorformal.C.Becausetheylikethecolourofsnow.D.Becausetheylikewearinguniforms.35.Wemaylearnfromthetextthatfatpeoplewhowanttolookslimmershouldwear________clothes.A.blueB.darkC.whiteD.yellow
Workyourbrain!Between2and3poundsofwonderitcontrolseverythingwesaydoorthinkwhoweareandwhatwecareaboutthewaywewalkorlaughorfigureoutthingswhatwelikeandthetalentswepossesshowweseeandtalkandrunandjumpandprocessourfooD.Thebrainuses20percentofourbody'soxygenand20percentofitsblooD.Somewherewithinitsproteinfat100000milesofbloodvesselsand100billionnervecellsithelpsusrememberwhereweputourgymshoes.Changeourtemperaturesowedon'tdiebecauseoftheheatorcolD.Speedusuporslowusdown.Helpuschoosebetweenorangejuiceororangeflavoreddrinks.ItscomplexityisstunningfarbeyondanythingmostofuscanimaginE.TokeepthisworkofartaspolishedaspossibleweneedtoeatrightexerciseandkeepmentallystimulateD.Goodnutritionhelpsbraincellscommunicatewitheachother.Exercisestimulatesahormoneinourbrainthatimprovesmemory.MentalstimulationkeepsyousharpevenasyouagE.It'sveryimportantthatwetellpeopletobephysicallyactiveandmentallyactivesaidneurologistMalcolmStewart.Peoplecannotstopagingbutyou'reabletoreducethedamage;you'reabletokeepthefunctionup.FollowingareDr.Stewart'sadviceforimprovingbrainhealthlNutritionAvoidfastfooD.Followtheoldadage格言:Forbreakfasteatlikeaking;forlunchlikeaqueen;forsupperlikeabeggar.lExerciseDoacombinationofstretchingaerobicandmusclestrengtheningeveryday.lMentalgamesTrytohaveasenseofhopeaboutthefuturE.Dopuzzles.ListentomusiC.Reachouttootherstomaketheirlivesbetter.54.Thepurposeoftheauthorinwritingthispassageisto______.A.informushowthebrainworksB.giveusadviceonhowtokeepthebrainhealthyC.tellusthatthebrainplaysanimportantroleinourlivesD.showhowspecialthebrainistous55.ThewordstunninginParagraph5means______.A.interestingB.strangeC.significantD.amazing56.Accordingtothetextmoreexercise______.A.keepsourmindsharpB.helpsimproveourmemoryC.givesourbrainarestD.isgoodforbraincellscommunicatingwitheachother57.Inordertokeepbrainhealthyweshouldavoid______.A.eatingagoodlunchB.doingpuzzlesC.eatingalargesupperD.takingaerobicexercise
AGoodNight'sSteepSleepplaysavitalroleingoodhealthandwell-beingthroughoutyourlifE.Whileyou'resleepingyourbrainisformingnewpathwaystohelpyoulearnandrememberinformation.Althoughweallknowtheimportanceofgettingagoodnight'ssleepnotallofusknowthebestwayofgettingit.A.sleepexpertPhilAthertongavesometoptipsforgettingthemostoutofthenightwhichwillleaveyoureadyforactioninthemorning.AccordingtoPhilAthertonnoteatingalargemealbeforebedtimeisimportantforgettingagoodnight'ssleep.Thetimedifferencebetweeneatingandsleepingshouldbeatleastthreehours.Soyou'dbetteravoideatinganyfoodthreehoursbeforebedasitwillloweryourbloodsugarduringsleepandhelpminimizedamagefromtoomuchsugarfloatingarounD.It'salsoimportanttofindwaystoprepareyourbodyforsleep.Youcanfollowaroutineliketryingnottoexposeyourselftotoomuchartificiallightwithin1hourbeforebedasyourbrainuseslighttohelpsetinternalbodyclock.Althoughitmightseemunnaturaltoscheduleyoursleepthepurposeistosendasignaltoyourbodyandmindthatit'stimetosleep.AnotherwaytoprepareyourbodyforsleepistogetintoarelaxedstatebytakingabathorlisteningtosoftmusiC.Bothofthemwillhelptotakethemindoffthedaytimepressures.Havingasuitablebedespeciallyasuitablemattress床垫isnecessaryforagoodnight'ssleep.Sleepisapersonalizedactivityandwealladoptdifferentsleepingpositions.Findingthemattressthatsuitsyouwillreducebackpainsthatcanresultfromapoorsleepingposition.ThebedshouldbefourtosixincheslongerthanitstallestuserallowingforspacetomovearounD.Therecentresearchisprettyclearthatagoodnight'ssleepinamajorcomponentofgoodhealth.Sincethestartofthe21stcenturystudieshavelinkedalackofsleeptomanydiseasessuchasdiabetesandobesity.Takingactionnowwillleadtolong-termbenefitsforyouandthosearoundyou.28.Whatdoestheauthorintendtotellusinthepassage?A.Whentostartasoundsleep.B.Howtogetagoodnight'ssleep.C.Whattodowithsleepproblems.D.Whytoformagoodhabitofsleeping.29.Accordingtotheauthorbeforegoingtosleepyou'dbetter__________.A.recordyourbiologicalclockB.checkyourbloodsugarC.relieveyourpaininthebackD.freeyourselffromtension30.WhatdoestheunderlinedworditinParagraph2referto?A.NoteatingfooD.B.Takingameal.C.Noteatingalargemeal.D.Havingagoodsleep.31.Whichofthefollowingshowstheorganizationofthepassage?CP:CentralPointP:PointSp:Sub-point次要点C:Conclusion
CancersCellsinourbodiesarealwaysdividingasnewcellsreplaceoldones.36Cancercellsdividerapidlyandformgrowthscalledtumours肿瘤.Theycanspreadtotakeoverawholeorganandstopitworkingproperly.Ifcellsbreakawayfromthetumourtheycantraveltootherpartsofthebodyandstartnewtumours.Wedonotknowwhysomepeoplegetcancerwhileothersdon’t.Butfaultygenesarecertainlythecauseofsomecancers.Othersarecausedbychemicalsintheenvironment.CancerisnotasinglediseasE.37Themostcommontypesaffectthedigestivesystemandlungs.Inwomencancersofthebreastsandcervix子宫颈arealsocommon.Smokingisthecauseofalmostallcasesoflungcancer.Tobaccosmokecontainschemicalswhichcandamagethelungs.Themorecigarettesapersonsmokesthegreatertheirriskofsufferingfromlungcancer.38Cancersoftheskinarealsoquitecommon.Manytypesofradiationespeciallyultravioletrays紫外线fromtheSuncandamageskincellsandcausecancer.Mostcancerscanbetreatedsuccessfullyiftheyarecaughtearlyenough.Sometreatmentsinvolvesurgerytoremovethetumour.Thisisoftenfollowedbyacourseofstrongdrugs.39Theykillhealthycellsaswellascancercells.Inthemostup-to-datetreatmentsdrugsaredelivereddirectlytothecancercellsusingmagicbullets.Thesearespecialantibodieswhichonlyattachthemselvestocancercells.Similarlyradiotherapy放射疗法isatypeofcancertreatmentwhichusesradiationtokillcancercells.A.narrowbean光线ofradiationisfocuseddirectlyatatumour.40A.MostskincancersarecompletelycurablE.B.AndthehealthycellsnearbyarenotdamageD.C.Manyofthesedrugshaveunpleasantside-effects.D.AnX-rayofthelungsshowsthepositionofatumour.E.Differentcancerscanaffectalmostanypartofthebody.F.ButsometimestheprocessgoeswrongandacancercellisformeD.G.Fortunatelytheriskofgettingcancerisreducedwhensomeonestopssmoking.
It’sthemomentUFOfanshavebeenwaitingfor—theCIAhashand-selectedsomeformerlytop-secretfilesandphotosto‘prove’aliensexist.Sadlyforalienfansthefilesareabitlackinginalienbodiesandcrashedflyingsaucers飞碟butthey’reafascinatinginsightintotheheightofthe‘flyingsaucer’erA.TheCIAreleasedthefiles—seeminglytocoincidewith一致thenewX-Filesepisodes—causingdisbeliefonUFOwebsites.OnereportentitledFlyingSaucersanddated1August1952saysLessthan100reasonablycrediblereportsremain‘unexplainable’atthistimE.ItisrecommendedthatCIAsurveillance监视becontinueD.ItisstronglyurgedhoweverthatnoreportsofCIAinterestorconcernreachthepressorpubliC.TheCIAsaidWe’vedecidedtohighlightafewdocumentsbothskepticsandbelieverswillfindinteresting.BelowyouwillfindfivedocumentswethinkX-FilescharacterAgentFoxMulderwouldlovetousetotryandpersuadeothersoftheexistenceofalienactivity.SuchdocumentsoftenprovedisappointingtohardcoreUFOFansaccordingtooneexpert.NigelWatsonauthoroftheUFOInvestigationsManualsaidlastyearAtleast10000UFOreportscollectedbytheUSProjectBlueBookhavebeenputonlineandmanyothergovernmentshavereleasedtheirUFOfiles.SowehaveanembarrassmentofrichesyetthesehavebeenlargelyignoredbyUFOresearchersyettheycouldprovidelotsofinformationabouttypesofsightingsandtheirpatternsovertimeandplacE.56.WhydidtheauthorsaysuchdocumentsoftenprovedisappointingtohardcoreUFOFansA.Thealiensinthedocumentsareactuallynotmysterious.B.Thecontentinthefileshasalreadybeenrevealedearlier.C.Thefilesareabitlackinginalienbodiesandcrashedflyingsaucers.D.ThedocumentsareprovedtobefakedandhavenothingtodowithUFO.57.What’sNOTtrueaboutthefiles?A.It’scertainthatCIAwillcontinueitssurveillancE.B.Nopowerfulproofprovestheexistenceofaliens.C.PeoplehavedoubtaboutthefilesonUFOwebsites.D.It’sdifficulttofigureoutwhatthealiensaucersandbodypartsexactlyarE.58.ThepassageismostlyapartofA.newsB.storyC.fashionmagazineD.fiction
CellphonesIsthereacancerlink?WorryingaboutthepossibilitythatphonespowerlinesandWi-Ficouldberesponsibleforarangeofillnessesfromrashes疹子tobraintumors.Somesaythereisevidencetosupportthegrowinganxieties.DavidCarpenteraprofessorofenvironmentalhealthsciencesattheuniversityatAlbanyinNewYorkthinksthere’sagreaterthan95percentchancethatpowerlinescancausechildhoodleukemiaakindofblooddisease.Alsothere’sagreaterthan90percentchancethatcellphonescancausebraintumors.It’sclearnowthatthere’sarealrisksaidCarpenter.Butothersbelievetheseworriescausedbysomeexperts’warningsarenotjustified验证.DrMarthaLinetheadofradiationepidemiology流行病学attheUSNationalCancerInstitutehaslookedatthesameresearchasCarpenterbuthasreachedadifferentconclusion.Idon’tsupportwarninglabelsforcellphonessaidLinet.Wedon’thavetheevidencethatthere’smuchdanger.StudiessofarsuggestaweakconnectionbetweenEMFs电磁场andillness—soweakthatitmightnotexistatall.Amultinationalinvestigationofcellphonesandbraincancerin13countriesoutsidetheUShasbeenunderwayforseveralyears.It’sfundedprovidemoneyinpartbytheEuropeanUnioninpartbyacellphoneindustrygroup.Thefinalreportshouldcomeoutlaterthisyearbutdatasofardon’tsuggestastronglinkbetweencellphoneuseandcancerrisk.25.Fromthepassagewecanlearnthatsomepeopleareworriedbecause________.A.theyhaveevidencethattheuseofcellphonescanleadtocancerB.theyfeelsurprisedandalarmedaboutcellphoneuseC.someexpertshavegivenwarningsD.cellphonesareresponsibleforbraintumors26.BysayingIdon’tsupportwarninglabelsforcellphonesDrMarthaLinetthinksthat_______.A.theconnectionbetweencell-phonesandcancerhasnotbeenproved.B.cancer—warninglabelsshouldbeoncellphonesC.thereisalinkbetweencellphonesandcancerD.cellphoneshavenothingtodowithcanceratall.27.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribestheattitudeoftheauthortowardsthedebate?A.Optimistic.B.Objective.C.Opposite.D.Hopeless
.Ofcourseyoudon’twanttobesickinyourvacation.Sowhatcanyoudowhiletraveling?Therearethreethingsyoushouldremember:relaxsleepandeatwell.Avacationisatimeforrelaxingbutveryoftenitisnot.Thinkaboutwhatyoudowhenyouareatourist.Therearesomanyplacestovisit:shopparkschurchesandtemples寺庙.Youmayspendmostofthedayswalkingaroundtheseplaces.Thiscanbeverytiring.Donotaskyourbodytodotoomuch.A.tiredbodymeansaweakbody.A.weakbodygetsdickeasily.SositdownforafewhoursinaniceplacE.Ingoodweatherlookforaquietparkbench.Sleepisalsoimportant.Ifyouwanttostayhealthyyouneedtogetenoughsleep.YourhotelroommaybenoisyorthebedmaybetooharD.Oryoumaywanttostayoutlateatnight.Thenyoushouldplantosleepforanhourduringtheday.TheextrahourcanmakeabigdifferencE.Finallyifyouwanttostayhealthyyoumusteatwell.ThatmeanseatingtherightkindsoffooD.YourbodyneedsfreshfruitvegetablesmeanmilkandcheesE.Sorememberthis:ifyouwanttoenjoyyourvacationtakegoodcareofyourself.Giveyourbodysomerest.GetenoughsleepandeathealthyfooD.23.Travelingisusually____.A.easyB.noisyC.tiringD.dangerous24.Youmust___toenjoyyourtraveling.A.visitparksB.stayhealthyC.gotochurchesandtemplesD.sitdownforafewhours25.Thetexttellsus____intraveling.A.howtorestB.whatplacestovisitC.howtorelaxandsleepD.howtotakegoodcareofourselves
Birdsknowwheretogowhenit’stimetomigratE.TheygetsomeofthatsuperbsenseofdirectionfromtheirabilitytospotEarth’smagneticfielD.Thatmagneticsenseactsabitlikeacompassusedbyhumanhikers.Buttheenergycomingfromsomeelectronicdevicescanperturbabird’sinternalcompass.Andthatmightconfuseabird’ssenseofdirection.Mostelectronicdevicessendoutwavesofenergycalledelectromagneticradiation.ThelevelsaretoolowtoharmpeoplE.Anygivendevicesonlysendsoutasmallamount.Butsometypesofthisradiationcouldposeaproblemtobirds.Evenwhenheldcaptiveinalabbirdsknowwhenit’stimetomigratE.Theyareuneasyintheircages.Theytrytofaceinthedirectiontheywouldflyawayifoutdoors.Butthebirdscan’talwayslineupcorrectlynotesHenrikMouritsen.JosephKirschvinkhascalledforresearcherstobemorecarefulwhenstudyingtheeffectsofelectronicdevicesonbird’ssenseofdirection.Hestudiesanimals’magneticsensE.HesaysMouritsen’steamhasdonebetterworkthananypreviousteaminprobinghowelectronicnoisemightaffectbirds’magneticcompass.AsaresultofthisstudyhesaidIthinkitneedstobeconsideredseriously.Healsosaidhehopestoseeotherscientiststrytoprovethenewfindingsbyrunningsimilartests.Mouristen’sexperimentsbeganbackin2004.Heobservedthatcagedrobinsdidnotfacetowardtheirmigratorydirection.Forseveralyearshecouldnotfigureoutwhy.ThenanotherresearcherinhislabsuggestedthattheysetupashielD.CalledaFaradaycageitconsistedofgroundedaluminiumscreensthatblockedincomingelectromagneticradiation.WhenprotectedbythescreeningbirdsinthelabatlastfacedinthedirectiontheyshouldmigratE.Mouristentoldhewasreluctanttostartstudyingbirdsandelectromagneticradiation.Afterallheknewthatpreviousexperimentsthattesteditseffectsonanimalshadbeencriticizedasfunny.It’snotthefirsttimeit’sbeenclaimedhesaidofthelinkbetweencompassconfusionandelectronics.ButIhopeit’sthefirsttimeithashelpup.27.Theunderlinedwordperturbinparagraph1probablymeans______.A.botherB.protectC.checkD.ruin28.WhatpuzzledMouristenforyears?A.HowbirdscanbeprotectedfromelectromagneticnoisE.B.Howelectronicdevicesdisturbamagneticcompass.C.Whycagedbirdscan’tfaceintherightdirectionD.Whatareincludedinthebiologyofanimals.29.AccordingtothelastparagraphMouristenbelievethat_____.A.thebirds’senseofdirectiondidexistB.theformerexperimentswerereallyfunnyC.birds’compassconfusionislinkedwithelectronicsD.histeamfirstclaimedthelinkbetweencompassconfusionandelectronics30.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A.Electronicsmayconfuseabird’scompass.B.Electromagneticradiationcausesharmtobirds.C.Electronicdevicesformspecialmagneticfields.D.Electronicsmayguidebirds’migratorydirections.
2015WasaWarmWildYear.What’sNext?2015sawthingsheatupandgetoutofhandandnotjustinpolitics.ArecordwarmDecemberraisedaveragetemperaturesenoughtomake2015thesecondhottestyearonrecordinthecontiguousUnitedStatesaccordingtotheNationalOceanicandAtmosphericAdministration’sNationalClimateMonitoringAnnualReportwhichwasreleasedThursday.TheUnitedNationshadpreviouslyreportedthat2015wasshapinguptobethewarmestyearonrecordforthewholeplanet.LastyearwasalsothethirdwettestonrecordintheU.S.andsawtenweather-orclimate-relateddisastersthateachcausedatleast$1billionindamageintheU.S.andkilledatotalof155peoplE.Theseincludeadroughttwofloodsfiveseverestormsawildfireandawinterstorm.TheaverageU.S.temperaturewas54.4°F2.4°Fabovethe20thcenturyaverageandsecondonlyto2012'srecordwarmth.Thiswasalsothe19thconsecutiveyearwithaveragetemperaturesabovetheaverageforthecentury.Everystatereportedabove-averageannualtemperatures.ThewarmingwasparticularlypronouncedacrossmostoftheeasternhalfofthecountryinDecemberwhenmanyplacessawtemperatures30degreesabovenormalandmanyrecordswereset.ThismirroredchangesseenintheArcticthatmonthwhentemperaturesspikedto50degreesabovenormal.PartofthiswarmingwasdrivenbyastrongE1NifioorperiodicwarminginthePacificOceanbutsomeofitcanalsobeattributedtoglobalwarmingsaysmeteorologistEricHolthauswhowasnotinvolvedwiththefederalreport.TheanalysiscomeslessthanamonthaftertheU.S.and194othercountriessignedanagreementinParistomoreaggressivelycountertheeffectsofclimatechangE.EvenifalltheinitialtargetsinParisaremetwe’llonlybepartofthewaytherewhenitcomestoreducingcarbonfromtheatmospheresaidPresidentBarackObamaatthetimE.StilltheagreementrepresentedaturningpointbysettingupthearchitecturefordoingsohesaiD.NOAA'sclimatemonitoringcenterdoesn'tissuepredictionsforfutureweatherbuttheagency'sClimatePredictionCenterdoes.Thatteam'sforecastforthenetthreemonthscallsforwarmer-than-averagetemperaturesinmuchofthecountryalthoughpartsofTexasandtheSoutheastmaybealittlecoolerthanusual.AsLancasterUniversityProfessorGailWhitemantoldtheWeatherChannelclimatechangemeansextremeweatheristhenewnormal.56.AccordingtothepassagethewarmestyearintheU.S.is________.A.2014B.2015C.notmentionedD.201257.Accordingtothepassagewhichstatementisright?________A.2015wasthethirdwettestyearonrecordinthewholeplanetB.Tenweather-orclimate-relateddisastersintheU.S.includeadroughttwofloodsfourseverestormstwowildfiresandawinterstorm.C.The20thcenturyaveragetemperatureintheU.S.was52°FD.ThewarmingwaspronouncedacrossmostofthewesternhalfofthecountryinDecember58.TheagreementtheUS.and194countriessignedaimedto________.A.reducecarbonfromtheatmosphereB.countereffectsofclimatechangeC.setupthearchitectureD.findartificialwaystocooldowntheextremeweather59.WhatdoesProfessorGailWhitemanmeaninthefuture?A.ExtremeweatherwillbecommoninthefutureB.ClimatechangewillbenormalC.Extremeweatherwillbenormalifwedon’ttakemeasuresD.Climatechangeleadtoextremeweather
WalkthroughtheAmazonrainforesttodayandyouwillfinditsteamywarmdampandthick.Butifyouhadbeentherearound15000yearsagoduringthelasticeagewouldithavebeenthesame?Formorethan30yearsscientistshavebeenarguingabouthowrainforestsmighthavereactedtothecolddryclimateoftheiceagesbuttillnownoonehasreachedasatisfyinganswer.RainforestsliketheAmazonareimportantformoppingupCO2fromtheatmosphereandhelpingtosolveglobalwarming.CurrentlythetreesintheAmazontakeinaround500milliontonsofCO2eachyear:equaltothetotalamountofCO2givenoffintheUKeachyear.ButhowwilltheAmazonreacttothefutureclimatechange?IfitgetsdrierwillitsurviveandcontinuetodrawdownCO2?Scientistshopethattheywillbeabletolearninadvancehowtherainforestwillmanageinthefuturebyunderstandinghowrainforestsreactedtoclimatechangeinthepast.Unfortunatelycollectinginformationisincrediblydifficult.Tostudythepastclimatescientistsneedtolookatfossilizedpollen花粉keptinlakemudGoingbacktothelasticeagemeansdrillingdownintolakesediments沉淀物whichrequiresspecializedequipmentandheavymachinery.Thereareveryfewroadsandpathsorplacestolandhelicoptersandaeroplanes.Riverstendtobetheeasiestwaytoentertheforestbutthisstillleavesvastareasbetweentheriverscompletelyunsampled未取样.SofaronlyahandfulofcoreshavebeendrilledthatgobacktothelasticeageandnoneofthemprovideenoughinformationtoprovehowtheAmazonforestreactstoclimatechangE.25.Howdoscientistsstudythepastclimatechange?A.BypredictingtheclimatechangeinthefuturE.B.Bydrillingdowndeepintolandsediments.C.ByanalyzingfossilizedpolleninlakemuD.D.BytakingsamplesfromriversintheAmazon.26.Whyisitdifficulttocollectinformationaboutthepastclimatechange?A.Becausescientistscan'tfindproperequipmentandmachinery.B.Becauseitisverydifficulttoobtaincompletesamples.C.BecausehelicoptersandaeroplaneshavenoplacetolanD.D.Becausenoneofthecoresprovideanyinformation.27.Whereisthepassagemostprobablytakenfrom?A.A.medicaljournal.B.A.newsreportC.A.travelbrochurE.D.A.sciencemagazinE.28.Thebesttitleforthetextmaybe.A.SecretsoftheRainforestB.ClimatesoftheAmazonC.TheHistoryoftheRainforestD.ChangesoftheRainforest
Ascientistworkingatherlabbenchandasix-month-oldbabyplayingwithhisfoodmightseemtohavelittleincommon.Afterallthescientistisengagedinseriousresearchtouncovertheverynatureofthephysicalworldandthebabyiswelljustplayingright?Perhapsbutsomedevelopmentalpsychologists心理学家havearguedthatthisplayismorelikeascientificinvestigationthanonemightthink.TakeacloserlookatthebabyplayingatthetablE.Eachtimethebowlofriceispushedoverthetableedgeitfallstotheground—andintheprocessitbringsoutimportantevidenceabouthowphysicalobjectsinteract相互作用;bowlsofricedonotfloatinmid-airbutrequiresupporttoremainstablE.Itislikelythatbabiesarenotbornknowingthisbasicfactoftheuniverse;noraretheyeverclearlytaughtit.Insteadbabiesmayformanunderstandingofobjectsupportthroughrepeatedexperimentsandthenbuildonthisknowledgetolearnevenmoreabouthowobjectsinteract.Thoughtheirrangesandtoolsdifferthebaby’sinvestigationandthescientist’sexperimentappeartosharethesameaimtolearnaboutthenaturalworldoverallapproachgatheringdirectevidencefromtheworldandlogicaremyobservationswhatIexpected?.Somepsychologistssuggestthatyoungchildrenlearnaboutmorethanjustthephysicalworldinthisway—thattheyinvestigatehumanpsychologyandtherulesoflanguageusingsimilarmeans.ForexampleitmayonlybethroughrepeatedexperimentsevidencegatheringandfinallyoverturningatheorythatababywillcometoaccepttheideathatotherpeoplecanhavedifferentviewsanddesiresfromwhatheorshehasforexampleunlikethechildMommyactuallydoesn’tlikeDovechocolatE.Viewingchildhooddevelopmentasascientificinvestigationthrowslightonhowchildrenlearnbutitalsooffersaninspiringlookatscienceandscientists.Whydoyoungchildrenandscientistsseemtobesomuchalike?Psychologistshavesuggestedthatscienceasaneffort—thedesiretoexploreexplainandunderstandourworld—issimplysomethingthatcomesfromourbabyhooD.Perhapsevolution进化providedhumanbabieswithcuriosityandanaturaldrivetoexplaintheirworldsandadultscientistssimplymakeuseofthesamedrivethatservedthemaschildren.Thesamecognitive认知的systemsthatmakeyoungchildrenfeelgoodaboutfiguringsomethingoutmayhavebeenadoptedbyadultscientists.AssomepsychologistsputitItisnotthatchildrenarelittlescientistsbutthatscientistsarebigchildren.50.Accordingtosomedevelopmentalpsychologists.A.ababy’splayisnothingmorethanagamE.B.scientificresearchintobabies’gamesispossibleC.thenatureofbabies’playhasbeenthoroughlyinvestigatedD.ababy’splayissomehowsimilartoascientist’sexperiment51.WelearnfromParagraph2thatA.scientistsandbabiesseemtoobservetheworlddifferentlyB.scientistsandbabiesofteninteractwitheachotherC.babiesarebornwiththeknowledgeofobjectsupportD.babiesseemtocollectevidencejustasscientistsdo52.ChildrenmaylearntherulesoflanguagebyA.exploringthephysicalworldB.investigatinghumanpsychologyC.repeatingtheirownexperimentsD.observingtheirparents’behaviors53.Whatisthemainideaofthelastparagraph?A.Theworldmaybemoreclearlyexplainedthroughchildren’splay.B.Studyingbabies’playmayleadtoabetterunderstandingofsciencE.C.Childrenmayhavegreaterabilitytofigureoutthingsthanscientists.D.One’sdriveforscientificresearchmaybecomestrongerashegrows.54.Whatistheauthor’stonewhenhediscussestheconnectionbetweenscientists’researchandbabies’play?A.Convincing.B.ConfuseD.C.Confident.D.Cautious.
Doessolvingamathproblemgiveyouaheadache?Doyoufeelnervouswhenyousitamathexam?Formoststudentsmathcanbetoughbutscientistshaveprovedthatmathproblemscanactuallytrigger引起physicalpain.Scientistscametothisconclusionwithanin-depthexperimentwhichwaspublishedinthePublicLibraryofScienceOnejournal.Theybeganbyfindingouthowmuchparticipantsfearmath.Thoseinvolvedwereaskedaseriesofquestionssuchashowtheyfeelwhentheyreceiveamathtextbookorwhentheywalkintoamathlesson.Basedontheiranswersparticipantsweredividedintogroups.Onegroupwasmadeupofpeoplewhowereparticularlyafraidofmathandparticipantsintheothergroupweremorecomfortablewiththesubject.Bothgroupswerethengiveneithermathtasksorwordtasks.Whenamathtaskwasgoingtocomenextayellowcirclewouldappearbutwhenawordtaskwassoontocomeabluesquarewouldbeshown.Usingabrain-scanmachinescientistsnoticedthatwheneverpeoplefromGroupOnesawayellowcircletheirbrainwouldrespondinawaysimilartowhentheirbodyisfeelingpain.ItwaslikethepaintheywouldfeelforexampleiftheyburnttheirhandonahotstovE.Buttheyreactedlessstronglywhentheyknewthattheywouldbefacedwithawordtask.Howeverscientistssawnostrongbrainresponsefrompeopleinthesecondgroup.Mathcanbedifficultandforthosewithhighlevelsofmathematics-anxietyHMAmathisassociatedwithtensionapprehension忧虑andfear.WhenyouarereallythinkingaboutthemathproblemsyourmindisracingandyouareworryingaboutallthethingsthatcouldgowrongexplainedIanLyonsfromUniversityofChicagoUSleaderofthestudy.Thehigheraperson’sanxietyofamathstaskthemoreheactivatedbrainregionsassociatedwiththreatdetectionandtheexperienceofpain.Moreinterestinglythebrainactivitydisappearedwhenparticipantsactuallystarteddealingwiththemathtasks.Thismeansthatit’snotthatmathitselfhurts;rathertheexpectationofmathispainfulLyonssaiD.Basedonthestudyscientistssuggestedthatthingscouldbedonetohelpstudentsworrylessandmovepasttheirfearofmathwhichmightmeantheyperformbetterintests.72.Inthefirststagescientistsaskparticipantssomequestionsto_____.A.seewhethermathhurtsB.findouthowmuchtheyfearmathC.observehowtheirbrainresponseD.testtheirenduranceofpain73.Theunderlinedwordtheexpectationofmathisclosestinmeaningto_____.A.theattemptoflearningmathB.themotivationtoworkoutmathproblemC.theefforttounderstandmathD.theactofthinkingaboutmath74.Whichisthebesttitleforthepassage?A.Howtoovercomemathfear.B.PhysicalpainaffectsmathperformancE.C.Mathpaininyourbrain.D.Unknowntruthaboutpain.75.Whatcanbeconcludedfromtheexperiment?A.Theexpectationofmathhasnorelationtostudents’confidenceinmath.B.Moderatemathematicanxietyimprovesstudents’academicperformancE.C.Effectivesolutionshavebeenworkedouttolowerstudents’anxietyofmath.D.PhysicalpaincausedbyHMAdisappearsintheprocessofdoingmathproblem.
ManypeoplerelyonacupofcoffeeortwotowakethemupinthemorningorpickthemupduringtheworkingdaybutnowachemisthascomeupwithaspeedyalternativetocraftingacupofcoffeE.U.S.biochemistBenYuhascreated‘SprayableEnergy’whichclaimstobetheworld’sfirstcaffeine-basedtopicalenergyspray.Hesaidtiredworkerscanspraya‘shot’ofcaffeineontotheirskinwithoutexperiencingastrongbuzzloadinguponunnecessarycaloriesorbeingstuckwithanastyaftertasteliketheymightgetfromdrinkingenergydrinksorcoffeE.Thepatent-pendingcaffeinesprayisanodourlessliquidthatisabsorbedthroughtheskinanddistributedthroughthebodyoveranumberofhourstodeliveracaffeinehitthatapparentlylastslongerthanguzzlingacupofcoffeE.EachsmallaluminumbottleofSprayableEnergycontainsaround160sprays-theequivalentamountofcaffeineto40cupsofcoffeeandthecreatorssayitisamuchcheaperwayofgettingacaffeinefixthanpoppingtoacafé.TheonlyactiveingredientinthesprayiscaffeinewhichcannaturallyenterthehumanbodythroughtheskinbypassingthroughcellmembranesasitisverysimilartonicotineinstructurE.EachspritzofSprayableEnergycontainsaroundaquarteroftheamountofcaffeinefoundinacupofcoffeebutapparentlyhasthesameeffectasafullcup.Thewebsitesaid:‘Thereasonforthisisourproductnotbeingingestedisn’talmostentirelymetabolised新陈代谢bytheliverbeforeenteringyoursystemandbecomingavailabletoyourbody.’‘ThusasmalleramountofcaffeinecanhavejustthesameeffectasaverylargeamountofcaffeineingestedthroughanenergydrinkorcupofcoffeE.SprayableEnergy`swebsiterecommendsthatusersapplythesprayinplaceswheretheynormallyspritzperfumesuchastheneckorwristsbutwarnsusersnottoexceed20spraysaday.Itclaimsthataftersprayingtheproductontheskinuserswillfeel‘awakeandfocusedwithoutbeingover-stimulated’whichiscommonwithcoffeeandenergydrinks.12.WhatcanwelearnaboutSprayableEnergyfromthepassage?_______.A.A.bottleofSprayableEnergyischeaperthan40cupsofcoffeE..B.SprayableEnergyletsusersnotworryabouttakinginunnecessarycalories..C.SprayableEnergycanbeusedatleast20spraysadayD.Thecaffeinesprayisacolorlessliquidthatisabsorbedthroughtheskin..13.Whatdoesthefifthparagraphmainlytellus?____A.SprayableEnergyistakenbymouth...B.BeforeSprayableEnergyisabsorbedbybodytheliverentirelymetabolizesitC.HowSprayableEnergyactsonuser’sbodyandhowusersusetheproduct.D.SprayableEnergyisconvenientbutexpensivE.14.Wecanconcludefromthepassagethat____A.SprayableEnergycannotbepermittedtobeusedbypeoplenow.B.SprayableEnergyhasnotalreadygoneintomassproductionC.EachspritzofSprayableEnergyhasthesameeffectasafullcupofcoffeeD.SprayableEnergyiswellreceivedbyflaggingworkers.15.Thewriter’sattitudetowardsSprayableEnergy______A.negativE.B.positiveC.uncertainD.indifferent
Youmaythinkthatsailingisadifficultsportbutitisreallynothardtolearn.Youdonotneedtobestrong.Butyouneedtobequick.AndyouneedtounderstandafewbasicrulesaboutthewinD.FirstyoumustaskyourselfWhereisthewindcomingfrom?Isitcomingfromaheadorbehindorfromtheside?Youmustthinkaboutthisallthetimeontheboat.Thewinddirectiontellsyouwhattodowiththesail.Let'sstartwiththewindblowingfrombehinD.Thismeansthewindandtheboataregoinginthesamedirection.Thenyoumustalwayskeepthesailoutsidetheboat.Itshouldbeata90°angletotheboat.Thenitwillcatchthewindbest.Ifthewindisblowingfromthesideitisblowingacrosstheboat.Inthiscaseyoumustkeepthesailhalfwayoutsidetheboat.Itshouldbeata45°angletotheboat.Itneedstobeoutfarenoughtocatchthewindbutitshouldn'tflap摆动.Itshouldn'tlooklikeaflagonaflagpolE.Ifitisflappingitisprobablyouttoofarandtheboatwillslowdown.SailingagainstthewindisnotpossiblE.Ifyoutrythesailwillflapandtheboatwillstop.Youmaywanttogointhatdirection.Itispossiblebutyoucan'tgoinastraightlinE.Youmustgofirstinonedirectionandtheninanother.Thisiscalledtacking.Whenyouaretackingyoumustalwayskeepthesailinsidetheboat.24.Whatshouldyouconsiderfirstwhilesailing?A.Sailors'strength.B.Winddirections.C.Sizeofsails.D.Wavelevels.25.WhatdoesthewordItunderlinedinParagraph4referto?A.Thesail.B.ThewinD.C.Theboat.D.TheanglE.26.Whatdoyouhavetodowhensailingagainstthewind?A.MoveinastraightlinE.B.Allowthesailtoflap.C.Tacktheboat..D.Lowerthesail27.Wherecanyouprobablyfindthetext?A.InatouristguidebookB.Inaphysicstextbook.C.Inanofficialreport.D..InapopularmagazinE.
ElNinoaSpanishtermfor＂theChristchild＂wasnamedbySouthAmericanfishermanwhonoticedthattheglobalweatherpatternwhichhappenseverytwotosevenyearsreducedtheamountoffishescaughtaroundChristmas.ElNinoseeswarmwatercollectedoverseveralyearsinthewesternPacificflowbackeastwardswhenwindsthatnormallyblowwestwardsweakenorsometimestheotherwayrounD.Theweathereffectsbothgoodandbadarefeltinmanyplaces.RichcountriesgainmorefrompowerfulNinoonbalancethantheylosE.A.studyfoundthatastrongNinoin1997-98helpedAmerican’seconomygrowby$15billionpartlybecauseofbetteragriculturalharvestfarmersintheMidwestgainedfromextrarain.Thetotalriseinagriculturalinrichcountriesingrowththanthefallinpoorones.ButinIndonesiaextremelydryforestsareinflames.A.multi-yeardrought干旱insouth-eastBrazilisbecomingworsE.ThoughheavyrainsbroughtaboutbyElNinomayrelievethedroughtinCaliforniatheyarelikelytocausesurfacefloodingandotherdisasters.ThemostrecentpowerfulNinoin1997-98killedaround21000peopleandcauseddamageworth$36billionaroundtheglobE.ButsuchNinoscomewithmonthsofwarningandsomuchisknownabouthowtheyhappenthatgovernmentscanpreparE.AccordingtotheOverseasDevelopmentInstituteODIhoweverjust12%ofdisaster-relieffundinginthepasttwodecadeshasgoneonreducingrisksinadvanceratherthanrecoveryandrebuildingafterwards.Thisisdespiteevidencethatadollarspentonrisk-reductionsavesatleasttwoonreconstruction.Simpleimprovementstoinfrastructure基础设施canreducethespreadofdiseasE.Bettersewers下水道makeitlesslikelythatheavyrainisfollowedbyanoutbreakofthediseaseofbadstomach.Strongerbridgesmeanvillagesarelesslikelytobeleftwithoutfoodandmedicineafterfloods.Accordingtoapaperin2011byMrHsiangandco-authorscivilconflictisrelatedtoElNino’sharmfuleffects—andthepoorerthecountrythestrongerthelink.ThoughtherelationshipmaynotbecausalhelpingdividedcommunitiestopreparefordisasterswouldatleastreducetheriskthatthosedisastersarefollowedbykillingandwoundingpeoplE.SincethepoorestareleastlikelytomakeupfortheirlossesfromdisasterslinkedtoElNinoreducingtheirlossesneedstobethepriority.61.WhatcanwelearnaboutElNinoinParagraph1?A.ItisnamedafteraSouthAmericanfisherman.B.IttakesplacealmosteveryyearallovertheworlD.C.ItforcesfishermentostopcatchingfisharoundChristmas.D.Itseesthechangesofwaterflowdirectionintheocean.62.WhatmayE.lNinosbringabouttothecountriesaffected?A.Agriculturalharvestsinrichcountriesfall.B.Droughtsbecomemoreharmfulthanfloods.C.Richcountries’gainsaregreaterthantheirlosses.D.Poorcountriessufferlessfromdroughtseconomically.63.ThedataprovidedbyODIinParagraph4suggestthat_________.A.moreinvestmentshouldgotoriskreductionB.governmentsofpoorcountriesneedmoreaidC.victimsofElNinodeservemorecompensationD.recoveryandreconstructionshouldcomefirst64.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthepassage?A.TointroduceElNinoanditsorigin.B.ToexplaintheconsequencesofElNino.C.ToshowwaysoffightingagainstElNino.D.TourgepeopletoprepareforElNino.
Atelescope望远镜calledGaiaisbeingdesignedbyastronomersinEuropeanditcouldn’tbemoredifferentfromPan-STARRSwhichisanothertelescopebeingdesigneD.WhilePan-STARRSwillbelookingforasteroids小行星andcometsheadedforEarthGaiawillbelookingatourentiregalaxy银河系.GaiaisdesignedtodrawamapoftheMilkyWayourhomegalaxy.JustasamapofyourtowngivesyouapictureofwherethingsarelocatedGaia’smapofthegalaxywilltellastronomerswherethestarsarE.OverfiveyearsGaiawillobserve观察aboutabillionstarsandotherobjectsinourgalaxy.Eachobjectwillbeobservedabout70times.Gaiawillbesentintospaceconnectedtoarocket.Itcontainstwotelescopeseachfocusedatadifferentangle角度.ThesetwotelescopesactlikeGaia’seyes.Thereasonwhyhumanscanseethingsin3Disthatwehavetwoeyesfocusedonthesameobjectatslightlydifferentangles.ByusingtwotelescopeslikeeyesGaiacanproducethefirst3Dmapofthepositionsofthestarsitviews.Gaiawhichistobesentintospacein2011willbeapowerfultelescopE.IfyouweretouseitonEarthforexampleyoucouldstand600milesawayfromyourbestfriendsandstillgetaclearpictureoftheirhair.Gaiaisoneofmorethanadozentelescopesbeingdesignedbyscientistsrightnow.Thenextgenerationoftelescopeswillrevealnewpartsofouruniversethatwillseemsurprising.Theuniversewithallitsplanetsstarsandotherstrangeobjectsisapuzzlewithpiecesthatwecanseebyusingpowerfultelescopes.28.HowmanydifferentanglescanGaiafocusateachtime?A.2.B.3.C.4.D.5.29.ThemaptobedrawnbyGaia______.A.canshoweverybuildingonEarthB.canshowyouwhereyourtownisC.willjustshowthestarsaroundEarthD.willshowwherethestarsareinourhomegalaxy30.What’sParagraph4mainlyabout?A.WhatGaiawilldoinspacE.B.WhenGaiawillstarttowork.C.HowpowerfulGaiawillbE.D.WhatGaiawilldotoEarth.31.Theunderlinedsentenceinthelastparagraphsuggeststhatthenextgenerationoftelescopes_______.A.seemverysurprisingtoscientistsB.willnotbeputintouseinashorttimeC.willjustlookatnewthingsinuniverseD.willbemorepowerfulthantheoldgenerations
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