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The new high-speed railway line between Urumqi, capital of the Xinjiang Uygur self-governing regio...
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高中英语《黑龙江省哈尔滨市第六中学2015-2016学年高三下学期开学考试试题及答案》真题及答案
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Astudyfoundthatyoungpeoplehaveastrongerandmoreunpleasantscent气味thantheelderlywhileelderlypeople'ssmellwasthemostdistinctivelessintenseandunpleasant.Researcherssaidthechangeinoursmellisdrivenbythechemicalswereleasethroughourglands腺andthebacteriaonourskin.Totestwhetherornotitreallyexistsscientistscollectedaseriesofsamples样品fromthreegroupsof12to16donorsaged20to3045to55and75to95.VolunteersworespecialT-shirtsfittedwithunderarmpads护垫astheysleptforfivenightsafterwhichthepadswerecupupandputinglassjars.A.separategroupof41peopleaged20to30wasthenaskedtosmelltwojarsatatimeandaskedwhichgroupofthedonorswasolderaswellasratinghowstrongandunpleasanteachsmellwas.WhenaskedtospecifywhetheraparticularsamplewasfromayoungmiddleagedoroldpersontheyweremuchmoresuccessfulatidentifyingolderpeoplE.Despitebeingthemostdistinctivetheolderpeople'ssmellwasalsoratedasbeingobviouslylessintenseandlessunpleasantthanthosefromtheothergroups.Researcherssaidtheirfindingsappearedtocontradictpeople'snegativeideasabouttheoldperson'ssmellbutadmittedotherfactorslikesmellybreathorskincouldbetoblameforitsbadreputation.Similartootheranimalshumanscangiveoffbodyscentsthatallowustoidentifybiologicalageavoidsickindividualsandpickasuitablepartner.Elderlypeoplehaveadistinctivescentthatyoungerpeopleconsidertobenotveryunpleasant.Thiswassurprisinggiventhepopularconceptionofoldagescentassmelly.Howeverit'spossiblethatothersourcesofbodyscentssuchasskinorbreathmayhavedifferentqualitiessaidDrJohanLundstromwholedthestudy.8.Whatdoweknowfromthestudy?A.Peopleshowgreatinterestinoldpeople'sscent.B.People'sscentcanonlybechangedbythebacteriaontheirskin.C.Peopleofdifferentagesgiveoffdifferentscents.D.People'sscentcanhelpdistinguishamanandawoman.9.Whichofthefollowingagesofpeoplehavethechancetoparticipateinthestudy?A.16.B.35.C.60.D.85.10.Accordingtothepassagepeopleusuallythinkthat________.A.oldpeople'sscentisterribleandunpleasantB.oldpeoplehaveabadreputationmainlyfortheirskinC.oldpeople'sscentissimplyfromtheirbreathD.oldpeoplegiveoffamorepleasantscent11.Whatistheauthor'spurposeinwritingthispassage?A.Totelloldpeopletoremovetheirterriblescent.B.Toprovethatpeopleoftenholdwrongideas.C.Toreportthefindingsofastudyaboutpeople'sscent.D.Toshowhowresearcherscarriedouttheirstudyaboutthescent.
Istherelinkbetweenhumansandclimatechangeornot?Thisquestionwasfirststudiedintheearly1900s.SincethenmanyscientistshavethoughtthatouractionsdomakeadifferencE.In1997theKyotoProtocolexplainedourroleintheEarth’schangingatmosphereandsetinternationallimitsforgasemissions排放from2008to2012.Somecountrieshavedecidedtocontinuethesereductionsuntil2020.MorerecentlytheParisAgreementstuckbynearly200countriesalsoaimstolimitglobalwarming.Butjustnowhowmuchwarmeritwillgetdependsonhowdeeplycountriescutcarbonemissions.3.5℃Thisishowmuchtemperatureswouldriseby2100evenifnationsliveuptotheinitialParispromisestoreducecarbonemissions;thisrisecouldstillputcoastalcitiesunderwateranddriveoverhalfofallspeciestoextinction.2℃TomeetthisminimumgoaltheAgreementrequirescountriestotightenemissionstargetseveryfiveyears.Eventhisincreasecouldsinksomeislandsworsedrought干旱anddriveadeclineofuptoathirdinthenumberofspecies.1.5℃ThisisthemostambitiousgoalfortemperaturerisesetbytheParisAgreementafterapushbylow-lyingislandnationslikeKiribatiwhichsaylimitingtemperatureriseto1.5℃couldsavethemfromsinking.0.8℃Thisishowmuchtemperatureshaverisensincetheindustrialagebeganputtingus40%ofthewaytothe2℃point.0℃ThebaselinehereisaverageglobaltemperaturebeforethestartoftheindustrialagE.70.Itcanbeconcludedfromparagraph1that_______.A.theproblemofglobalwarmingwillhavebeenquitesolvedby2020B.gasemissionshavebeeneffectivelyreducedindevelopedcountriesC.theParisAgreementsismoreinfluentialthantheKyotoProtocolD.humanshavemadecontinuouseffortstoslowdownglobalwarming71.IfnationscouldonlykeeptheinitialpromisesoftheParisAgreementwhatwouldhappenbytheyear2100?A.ThehumanpopulationwouldincreasebyonethirD.B.Littleover50%ofallspecieswouldstillexist.C.Nationswouldnotneedtotightentheiremissionstargets.D.TheAgreement’sminimumgoalwouldnotbereacheD.72.Ifthoseislandnationsnotfarabovesealevelaretosurvivethemaximumtemperaturerisesincethestartoftheindustrialageshouldbe_______.A.0.8℃B.1.5℃C.2℃D.3.5℃
Whatistime?Isitathingtobesavedorspentorwastedlikemoney?Orisitsomethingwehavenocontroloverliketheweather?Istimethesameallovertheworld?That'saneasyquestionyousay.Whereveryougoaminuteis60secondsanhouris60minutesadayis24hoursandsoforth.ButinAmericatimeismorethanthat.AmericansseetimeasavaluableresourcE.Maybethat'swhytheyarefondoftheexpressionTimeismoney.BecauseAmericansbelievetimeisalimitedresourcetheytrytoconserveandmanageit.PeopleintheU.S.oftenattendseminarsorreadbooksontimemanagement.Itseemstheyallwanttoorganizetheirtimebetter.Professionalscarryaroundpocketplanners--someinelectronicform--tokeeptrackofappointmentsanddeadlines.PeopledoalltheycantosqueezemoretimeoutoftheirtimE.TheearlyAmericanheroBenjaminFranklinexpressedthisviewbest:Doyoulovelife?Thendonotwastetimeforthatisthestufflifeismadeof.ToAmericanspunctualityisawayofshowingrespectforotherpeople'stimE.Beingmorethan10minuteslatetoanappointmentusuallycallsforanapologyandanexplanation.Peoplewhoarerunninglateoftencallaheadtoletothersknowofthedelay.OfcoursethelessformalthesituationisthelessimportantitistobeexactlyontimE.Atinformalget-togethersforexamplepeopleoftenarriveasmuchas30minutespasttheappointedtimE.TooutsidersAmericansseemtiedtotheclock.Peopleinotherculturesvaluerelationshipsmorethanschedules.Inthesesocietiespeopledon'ttrytocontroltimebuttoexperienceit.EvenAmericanswouldadmitthatnoonecanmastertimE.Time--likemoney--slipsalltooeasilythroughourfingers.Andtime--liketheweather--isveryhardtopredict.Neverthelesstimeisoneoflife'smostpreciousgifts.Andunwrappingitishalfthefun.4.What’sthemaintopicofthispassage?A.Whatistime?B.TimeamongAmericans.C.MakegooduseoftimE.D.Howtocontroltime?5.What’sthemeaningoftheunderlinedwordconserve?A.protectB.developC.produceD.assist6.ThesentenceAmericansseemtiedtotheclockinparagraph5probablymeans________.A.Americansoftencarryaclockwiththem.B.AmericanscantakecontrolovertimE.C.AmericansoftenmakefulluseoftimE.D.AmericanscannotpredictthetimE.7.Wecansafelydrawaconclusionfromthispassagethat_________.A.Americanshavemoretimethanothers.B.byusingpocketplannerspeoplecanhavemoretimE.C.forinformalmeetingAmericansoftenarrive30minutesearlier.D.Americansoftenattendseminarsbecausetheywanttousetimebetter
Themeaningofsilencevariesamongculturalgroups.Silencesmaybethoughtfulortheymaybeemptywhenapersonhasnothingtosay.A.silenceinaconversationmayalsoshowstubbornnessorworry.Silencemaybeviewedbysomeculturalgroupsasextremelyuncomfortable;thereforeattemptsmaybemadetofilleverygap间隙withconversation.Personsinotherculturalgroupsvaluesilenceandviewitasnecessaryforunderstandingaperson'sneeds.ManyNativeAmericansvaluesilenceandfeelitisabasicpartofcommunicatingamongpeoplejustassometraditionalChineseandThaipersonsdo.Thereforewhenapersonfromoneoftheseculturesisspeakingandsuddenlystopswhatmaybeimplied暗示isthatthepersonwantsthelistenertoconsiderwhathasbeensaidbeforecontinuing.Intheseculturessilenceisacallforreflection.Otherculturesmayusesilenceinotherwaysparticularlywhendealingwithconflictsamongpeopleorinrelationshipsofpeoplewithdifferentamountsofpower.ForexampleRussianFrenchandSpanishpersonsmayusesilencetoshowagreementbetweenpartiesaboutthetopicunderdiscussion.HoweverMexicansmayusesilencewheninstructionsaregivenbyapersoninauthorityratherthanberudetothatpersonbyarguingwithhimorher.InstillanotherusepersonsinAsianculturesmayviewsilenceasasignofrespectparticularlytoanelderorapersoninauthority.Nursesandothercare-giversneedtobeawareofthepossiblemeaningsofsilencewhentheycomeacrossthepersonalanxietytheirpatientsmaybeexperiencing.Nursesshouldrecognizetheirownpersonalandculturalconstructionofsilencesothatapatient’ssilenceisnotinterruptedtooearlyorallowedtogoonunnecessarily.A.nursewhounderstandsthehealing治愈valueofsilencecanusethisunderstandingtoassistinthecareofpatientsfromtheirownandfromothercultures.12.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutsilenceinconversations?A.Itimpliesanger.B.Itpromotesfriendship.C.Itisculture-specifiC.D.Itiscontent-baseD.13.Whichofthefollowingpeoplemightregardsilenceasacallforcarefulthought?A.TheChinesE.B.TheFrench.C.TheMexicans.D.TheRussians.14.Whatdoestheauthoradvisenursestodoaboutsilence?A.Letitcontinueasthepatientpleases.B.Breakitwhiletreatingpatients.C.Evaluateitsharmtopatients.D.Makeuseofitshealingeffects.15.Whatmaybethebesttitleforthetext?A.SoundandSilenceB.WhatItMeanstoBeSilentC.SilencetoNativeAmericansD.SpeechIsSilver;SilenceIsGold
AsInternetusersbecomemoredependentontheInternettostoreinformationarepeoplerememberingless?Ifyouknowyourcomputerwillsaveinformationwhystoreitinyourownpersonalmemoryyourbrain?ExpertsarewonderingiftheInternetischangingwhatwerememberandhow.InarecentstudyProfessorBetsySparrowconductedsomeexperiments.SheandherresearchteamwantedtoknowhowtheInternetischangingmemory.Inthefirstexperimenttheygavepeople40unimportantfactstotypeintoacomputer.Thefirstgroupofpeopleunderstoodthatthecomputerwouldsavetheinformation.Thesecondgroupunderstoodthatthecomputerwouldnotsaveit.Laterthesecondgrouprememberedtheinformationbetter.Peopleinthefirstgroupknewtheycouldfindtheinformationagainsotheydidnottrytorememberit.Inanotherexperimenttheresearchersgavepeoplefactstorememberandtoldthemwheretofindtheinformationonthecomputer.Theinformationwasinaspecificcomputerfolder文件夹.Surprisinglypeoplelaterrememberedthefolderlocation位置betterthanthefacts.WhenpeopleusetheInternettheydonotremembertheinformation.Rathertheyrememberhowtofindit.Thisiscalledtransactivememory交互记忆.AccordingtoSparrowwearenotbecomingpeoplewithpoormemoriesasaresultoftheInternet.Insteadcomputerusersaredevelopingstrongertransactivememories;thatispeoplearelearninghowtoorganizehugequantitiesofinformationsothattheyareabletoaccessitatalaterdatE.Thisdoesn'tmeanwearebecomingeithermoreorlessintelligentbutthereisnodoubtthatthewayweusememoryischanging.4.Thepassagebeginswithtwoquestionsto.A.introducethemaintopicB.showtheauthor'sattitudeC.describehowtousetheInternetD.explainhowtostoreinformation5.Whatcanwelearnaboutthefirstexperiment?A.TheSparrow'steamtypedtheinformationintoacomputer.B.Thetwogroupsrememberedtheinformationequallywell.C.Thefirstgroupdidnottrytoremembertheinformation.D.Thesecondgroupdidnotunderstandtheinformation.6.Intransactivememorypeople.A.keeptheinformationinmindB.changethequantityofinformationC.organizeinformationlikeacomputerD.rememberhowtofindtheinformation7.WhatistheeffectoftheInternetaccordingtoSparrow'sresearch?A.Weareusingmemorydifferently.B.Wearebecomingmoreintelligent.C.WehavepoorermemoriesthanbeforE.D.Weneedabetterwaytoaccessinformation.
Theworld’smostpopulartypeofbananaisfacingamajorhealthcrisis.Accordingtoanewstudyadiseasecausedbyapowerfulfungus真菌iskillingthebananawhichaccountsfor99%ofthebananamarketaroundtheglobE.ThediseasecalledTropicalRace4TR4hasaffectedbananacropsinSoutheastAsiafordecades.InrecentyearsithasspreadtotheMiddleEastandtheAfricannation.NowexpertsfearthediseasewillshowupinLatinAmericawherethemajorityoftheworld’sbananasaregrown.OnceabananaplantisinfectedwithTR4itcannotgetnourishmentfromwaterandbasicallydiesofthirst.TR4livesinsoilandcaneasilyattachtoaperson’sboots.IfthebootswiththefungesarethenwornonafieldwherebananasaregrownthediseasecouldbetransferreD.Onceafieldhasbeeninfectedwiththediseaseyoucan’tgrowbananasthereanymorePloetzsays.Thediseaselastsalongtimeinthesoil.Bananasareproducedinmassquantitiesandarepopularamongconsumers.They’rewhatyoubuyinthegrocerystoreandwhatyourmomusestomakeusestomakebananabreadPloetzsay.Consumerslikethewaybananalooksandtestes.ButbananaaresensitivetothisdiseasE.Soonceoneplantgetsinfecteditjustrunslikewildfirethroughoutthatentireplantation.BananashavefacedthiskindofcrisisbeforE.Inthemid-1900sthemostpopularbananaatthetimewasnearlywipedoutbyanearlierversionofTR4.ThesolutiontoaddresstheproblemPloetzsaysistotrytobreedanotherspeciesthatcanresistTR4.Henotesthatwestillhavetimebeforeweneedtoworryaboutthebananadisappearing.25.Whattroublearebananasfacedwith?A.GettingdiseasE.B.Pollutingthesoil.C.LimitedmarketD.Refusedbyconsumers.26.Thebiggestbananagrowingareaintheworldisin_____.A.SoutheastAsiaB.MiddleEastC.AfricaD.LatinAmerica27.Thewaytofightagainstbananacrisisis______.A.toimprovethesoilB.todevelopnewbananasC.todiscoverapowerfulfungusD.toreducethequantityofplantation28.Wecanknowthat______.A.TR4isproducedfrombananasdirectlyandthendestroyssoilB.TR4livesinsoilandharmsaperson’sfootbybananasC.TR4iscreatedfrombootsandtheninfectsbananasD.TR4growsinsoilandinfectsbananasbyboots
WeknowmoreaboutthesurfaceoftheplanetMarsthanweknowaboutwhatisatthebottomofEarth'soceans.Untilrecentlyscientistshadmappedonlyabout20percentoftheseafloor.Butourknowledgeofthedeepseasischangingbecauseofinformationfromsatellites.Scientistshaveproducedanewmapthatprovidesadetailedpictureoftheoceans.Themapisexpectedtohelpoceanographersindustryandgovernments.Thenewmapistwiceasdetailedasthemapmade20yearsago.DavidSandwellisageophysicsprofessorattheScrippsInstitutionofOceanographyattheUniversityofCaliforniA.Heandotherscientistsworkedonthemappingproject.Hesaystheyturnedtospacetolookdeeperintotheocean.HespoketoVOAonSKYPE.Thewaywe'redoingthatistouseasatellitealtimeter高度计aradartomapthetopography地貌oftheoceansurfacE.Nowthatseemssortofstrangethatyou'dmapthetopographyoftheoceansurfacewhenyoureallywanttogetattheseafloor.Buttheoceansurfacetopographyhasthesebumpsanddipsduetogravitationaleffectsthatmimicwhat'sontheseafloor.Thescientistscollectedandstudiedinformationfromtwosatellites.SomeofthedatacamefromtheEuropeanSpaceAgency'sCryo2satellitE.ItwasplacedinEarth'sorbittowatchseaicE.TheothersatelliteistheAmericanspaceagency'sJason1.Itisstudyingthesurfaceoftheoceans.Scientistscombinedthesatellitedatawithimagesgatheredbysonarequipmentonships.Sonarworksbysendingsoundwavesthroughthewater.WhenthesoundwaveshitanobjectitspresenceisconfirmeD.Thatenablesustolookatsmallerscalefeaturesandalsofeaturesthatareburiedbysedimentsintheoceanbasins.ThenewmapshowstheseafloorasithasneverbeenseenbeforE.Itshowsthousandsofunderwatermountainsandplaceswherecontinentspulledapart.Itshowswhereearthquakeswereactivemanyyearsago.Theyallareburieddeepunderneaththeoceanfloor.InoneplacethreemountainridgesjoinatthesameareA.Hugetectonic构造的platescanbeseenclearlytherE.12.Thepassageislikelyto.A.beanadvertisementB.appearonVOAC.makeacommentonradarD.appearonSKYPE13.Whatwillbementionedinthefollowingparagraphaccordingtothelastparagraph?A.ThedetailedinformationabouttheplacE.B.Themoreimportantthingintheocean.C.Thethingsburiedintheocean.D.ScientiststoldSKYPEtheywillexploreatthesameareA.14.Scientistscollectedandstudiedinformationby.A.theEuropeanSpaceAgency'sCryo2satelliteB.theAmericanspaceagency'sJason1C.sonarequipmentonshipsD.theCryo2andtheJason115.What'sthebesttitleofthepassage?A.ScientistsCreateNewMapsofOceanFloorB.ScientistsKnowMoreOceansThanMarsC.OceansWillProvideUsWithMapsD.PeopleKnowEasilyAboutMars
WhatistheE-mailThee-mailwhichisalsocalledemailstandsforelectronicmail.Youcansendmessagesinonlyafewsecondsbye-mail.OntheInternettherearemanypowerfulcomputerscalledserverstohelppeoplesendandreceiveemails.Thesendingandreceivingserversarejustlikepostoffices.Ifyouwanttousetheemailserviceyouhavetoopenatleastanemailaccount账户calledamailboxjustlikewesetupamailboxinapostofficE.SomemailboxesareprovidedfreeofchargebyISPswhichyoucangetwhenyouopenanInternetaccount.MostwidelyusedmailboxesareprovidedfreebytheISPsandanyonecanapplyforoneevenifhehasnoISPaccount.Howtoapplyforafreemailbox?FirstyouhavetoconnecttotheInternetandgotothehomepage主页oftheISPprovidingfreemailboxes.Thenyou’llfindanicon符号showingapplyforafreemailboxclicktheiconanagreementabouttherulesforusingthefreemailboxwillappear.IfyouwanttogoonclicktheiconIagree.Thenyouhavetofillinaformaboutyourbasicpersonalinformationandthenameandpinofthemailbox.Thepinisthekeytothemailbox.Afterfinishingtheseyou’llgetamailboxlikethis:yourname@mailserverforexample:jack@163.com.Themailboxisseparatedintotwopartsbyaseparator@whichisreadasat.Theformerpartisthenameofthemailbox.Thelatter后者isthedomainname域名ofthemailserver.Allmailstoyouwillbereceivedbytheserverandputintoyourmailbox.Youcanreadthismailonanycomputerintheworldaslongasyouhavethenameandpinofthemailbox.24.Ifyouwanttosendorreceiveanemailyoushouldfirst_____.A.writetotheISPsB.fillinaformC.applyforamailboxD.gotothepostoffice25.Hereisanemailaddressecpjyb@ecp.com.cn.Whatisthenameofthemailbox?A.ecp.B.ecp.com.cnC.com.cnD.ecpjyb26.Thewritermainlywantstotellushowto____inthispassagE.A.sendorreceivealetterbyemailB.setupafreeemail-boxC.setupone’semailaddressD.readtheemailonanycomputerintheworld
DouglasFlorianteachesreadersaboutbeesinanewbookofpoemscalledUnBEElievables.Inhislatestbookeachpoemispairedwithacolorfulimagethatillustrates图解adifferenttypeofbeeanditsroleinthegroup.Everypageisfulloffunandinterestingfactsaboutthesesocialinsects.TFK:Whenyoubrainstormforastorywhichcomesfirst:theimagesorthepoems?FLORIAN:Usuallythepoemscomefirst.Forabookof21poemsforexampleI'llactuallywriteabout50poemsfirst.AlthoughIsometimeshaveimagesinmymindtogoalongwiththewordsIhavetochoosewhichonesIwanttoincludeinthebook.TFK:ManyofyourbooksincludingUnBEElievablesareaboutinsectsandanimals.Howdidthesebecomeyourfavoritesubjects?FLORIAN:ThereissomuchhumorintheanimalworlD.Peoplehavealotofknowledgeaboutanimalsandideasaboutanimalsthatarefuntoexploreinwriting.Animalsarejustsointeresting.WhenIresearchIfindoutsomanynewandamazingfacts.ThepoemisoftenhalfwrittenbythetimeIhavedonewithmyresearch.TFK:Whydidyouchoosebeesasthesubjectofyourlatestbook?FLORIAN:Isawrecentlyinthenewsthatmanybeesaredyingout.Scientistsbelievethistobecausedbyvariousdiseases.Iwantedtocreateawarenessandlearnmoreaboutbeesafterhearingthis.Somanyofthefruitsandvegetablesweeataredependentonpollination授粉byhoneybees.IfbeesdisappearsowillmuchofourfooD.TFK:Doyouhaveafavoritebee?FLORIAN:Oneofmyfavoritesisthepoemandpaintingabouttheworkerbees.Iwantedthepaintingtobeveryplayfulandlight.Thesebeeshavetoworkalldayandit'skindoflikeafactory.AndeventhoughthesebeeshavetoworkveryhardtheymanagetosmilE.21.UnBEElievablesisabookabout.A.insectsB.imagesC.storiesD.fruits22.WhydidDouglasFlorianchoosebeesasthesubjectofhislatestbook?A.Becausebeesareeasytoexploreinwriting.B.Becausehewantspeopletoprotectbees.C.Becausehehasnoideaaboutbees.D.Becausebeesaregoingtodieout.23.DouglasFlorianlikestheworkerbeesbestmainlybecauseoftheir.A.hardworkB.greatcontributionC.dangeroussituationD.attitudetowardsworking
Couldyourcellphonegiveyoucancer?Whetheritcouldornotsomepeopleareworryingaboutthepossibilitythatphonespowerlinesandwi-ficouldberesponsibleforarangeofillnessesfromrashestobraintumors.Somesaythereisevidencetosupportthegrowinganxieties.DavidCarpenteraprofessorofenvironmentalhealthsciencesattheuniversityatAlbanyinNewYorkthinksthere’sagreaterthan95percentchancethatpowerlinescancausechildhoodleukemia白血病.Alsothere’sagreaterthan90percentchancethatcellphonescancausebraintumors.It’sapparentnowthatthere’sarealrisksaidCarpenter.ButothersbelievetheseconcernsareunjustifieD.DrMarthaLinettheheadofradiationepidemiology流行病学attheUSNationalCancerInstitutehaslookedatthesameresearchasCarpenterbuthasreachedadifferentconclusion.Idon’tsupportwarninglabelsforcellphonessaidLinet.Wedon’thavetheevidencethatthere’smuchdanger.StudiessofarsuggestaweakconnectionbetweenEMFs电磁场andillness—soweakthatitmightnotexistatall.A.multinationalinvestigationofcellphonesandbraincancerin13countriesoutsidetheUShasbeenunderwayforseveralyears.It’sfundedinpartbytheEuropeanUnioninpartbyacellphoneindustrygroup.Thefinalreportshouldcomeoutlaterthisyearbutdatasofardon’tsuggestastronglinkbetweencellphoneuseandcancerrisk.12.Fromthepassagewecanlearnthatsomepeopleareworriedbecause_______.A.theyhaveevidencethattheuseofcellphonescanleadtocancerB.theymakeafussovercellphoneuseC.someexpertshavegivenawarningD.cellphonesareresponsibleforbraintumors13.BysayingIdon’tsupportwarninglabelsforcellphonesDrMarthaLinethastheideathat_______.A.theworryingisunnecessaryB.cancer-warninglabelsshouldbeoncellphonesC.thereisalinkbetweencellphonesandcancerD.cellphoneshavenothingtodowithcancer14.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribestheattitudeoftheauthortowardsthedebate?A.OptimistiC.B.ObjectivE.C.OppositE.D.Casual.15.What’sthebesttitleofthepassage?A.Cellphones:isthereacancerlink?B.Thereisalinkbetweencellphoneandcancer.C.A.researchonthecellphonE.D.Thecellphoneandradiationepidemiology
Inthesummerof2014about17millionpeoplepostedvideosofthemselvesdumping倾倒icewaterovertheirheads.Evenmanyfamouspeopleincludingsinger-songwriterTaylorSwiftbasketballplayerLeBronJamesandformerU.S.PresidentGeorgeW.Bushtookpart.Whydidtheydosuchastrangething?ThoseintheIceBucketChallengeallhelpedraiseawareness意识andmoneytofightamyotrophiclateralsclerosisALSadeadlydiseasE.ItisalsoknownasLouGehrig'sdiseaseafterafamousbaseballplayerwhohadit.Itdestroysneuronsnervecellsthatcontrolmuscle肌肉movement.Eachyearabout5600peopleintheU.S.arediagnosed诊断withALS.ThediseaseleadstotheinabilitytomovE.Manypeopledietwotofiveyearsafterlearningtheyhaveit.Rightnowthere'snorighttreatmentforALS.ButtheIceBucketChallengemayhelpleadtoonE.BeforetheIceBucketChallengefewpeopleknewaboutthisterriblediseaseJonathanLingsaiD.HeisoneofthescientistsatJohnsHopkinsUniversityinMarylanD.HisteamwasunabletocompleteitsresearchwithoutthemoneyraisedthroughtheIceBucketChallengeLingsays.ThroughtheirresearchLingandhisteamdiscoveredthataprotein蛋白质isdamagedinmostALSpatients.Thescientistsalsofoundthatnervecellswiththesedamagedproteinsdiequickly.Butwhenthescientistsputanewproteinthatactedlikethedamagedoneintothenervecellstheneuronscamebacktolife!Thankstotheteam'sresearchexpertsbelievetheymaybeonestepclosertoatreatmentthatslowsdownorevenstopsALS.StillmoreresearchneedstobedoneLingadmits.WiththatinmindtheALSAssociationispromisingthattheIceBucketChallengewillcontinueeveryAugustuntilagoodtreatmentisfounD.12.WhatcanwelearnaboutALS?A.NooneknowshowtotreatthediseasE.B.Itisalsonamedafterasinger.C.Peoplewilldieafewdaysaftertheyhaveit.D.Itcanmakepeoplelosetheabilitytohear.13.WhatmightbeLing'sattitudetotheIceBucketChallenge?A.WorrieD.B.Doubtful.C.UninteresteD.D.Thankful.14.AccordingtothetextLing'steam__A.knowslittleaboutALSB.isnowshortofmoneyC.hasmadesomeprogressD.needsmoreresearchers15.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A.HowtheIceBucketChallengestartedB.TheIceBucketChallengeandALSC.JonathanLinggreatALSresearcherD.Somelittle-knownfactsaboutALS
DanielAndersonafamouspsychologistbelievesit’simportanttodistinguishtelevision’sinfluencesonchildrenfromthoseofthefamily.WetendtoblameTVhesaysforproblemsitdoesn’treallycauseoverlookingourownrolesinshapingchildren’sminds.Onetraditionalbeliefabouttelevisionisthatitreducesachild’sabilitytothinkandtounderstandtheworlD.WhilewatchingTVchildrendonotmerelyabsorbwordsandimages影像.Insteadtheylearnbothexplicit明确的andhiddenmeaningsfromwhattheyseE.ActuallychildrenlearnearlythepsychologyofcharactersinTVshows.FurthermoreasmanyteachersagreechildrenunderstandfarmorewhenparentswatchTVwiththemexplainingnewwordsandideas.Yetmostparentsuseaneducationalprogramasachancetoparktheirkidsinfrontofthesetanddosomethinginanotherroom.Anotherargumentagainsttelevisionisthatitreplacesreadingasaformofentertainment.ButaccordingtoAndersontheamountoftimespentwatchingtelevisionisnotrelatedtoreadingability.TVdoesn’ttaketheplaceofreadingformostchildren;ittakestheplaceofsimilarsortsofrecreationsuchaslisteningtotheradioandplayingsports.Thingslikeparents’educationalbackgroundhaveastrongerinfluenceonachild’sreading.Achild’sreadingabilityisbestpredictedbyhowmuchaparentreads.Andersonsays.Traditionalwisdomalsohasitthatheavytelevision-watchinglowersIQ智商scoresandaffectsschoolperformancE.ButheretooAndersonnotesthatnostudieshaveprovedit.Infactresearchsuggeststhatit’stheotherwayarounD.Ifyou’resmartyoungyou’llwatchlessTVwhenyou’reolderAndersonsays.YetpeopleoflowerIQtendtobelifelongtelevisionviewers.Foryearsresearchershaveattemptedtoshowthattelevisionisdangeroustochildren.HoweverbyshowingthattelevisionpromotesnoneofthedangerouseffectsasconventionallybelievedAndersonsuggeststhattelevisioncannotbecondemnedwithoutconsideringotherinfluences.28.BywatchingTVchildrenlearn_________.A.imagesthroughwordsB.morethanexplicitmeaningsC.moreaboutimagesthanwordsD.littleaboutpeople’spsychology29.Whichofthefollowingismostrelatedtochildren’sreadingability?A.Radio-listeningB.Television-watchingC.Parents’readinglistD.Parents’educationalbackground30.Andersonbelievedthat_________.A.themoreachildwatchesTVthesmarterheisB.theyoungerachildisthemorehewatchesTVC.thesmarterachildisthelesslikelyhegetsaddictedtoTVD.thelessachildwatchesTVthebetterheperformsatschool31.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?A.ToadviseontheeducationaluseofTV.B.TodescribeTV’sharmfuleffectsonchildren.C.ToexplaintraditionalviewsonTVinfluences.D.TopresentAnderson’sunconventionalideas.
Theworldofwearabletechnologyhasbeenquietlygrowing.Theyear2015couldbetheyearwhenwearablegadgetstrulybecomeamainstream.Let’stakealookatsomeofthem.ShoesAnIndiancompanyDucereTechnologieshascreatedapairofshoescalledLechal.TheycandirectyouthroughthebusiestcityorthemostremotecountrysidE.TheyworkbyusingBluetoothtoconnectwithaphoneapp.Afteryou’veenteredthedestinationyouwanttogotoonyourphonetheshoesdirectyoubyvibratingeithertheleftorrightfoottotellyouwhichwayyoushouldturn.TheinsolesoftheshoescanberemovedandplacedintoapairofyourchoicE.Thismaybethestartofanewkindofhigh-techfootwear.HeadwearClippedontoyourheadbandorontoyourT-shirtRun-n-ReadtracksyourheadmovementsandthenmovesthetextonthescreenofyouriPadorotherreadingdevicesinrealtimetoalwaysbeinsyncwithyoureyes.Thoughapersonstandingnearbycanseethetextjumpingupanddownforyouthetextappearsperfectlystill.Yourheadmovesbutthewordsdonot.Run-n-Readalsocomeswithitsowngesturerecognitionsystem.SimplytapthedeviceoncetoturnthepageforwardortaptwicetogobackapagE.GetreadyforanenjoyablereadingexperienceonthemovE.BraceletsFitBitwillstealtheshow抢出风头in2015withitstwonewfitnesstrackerstheFitBitSurgeandtheFitBitChargeHR.ThehighlightoftheChargeHRisthatitmonitorsheartratecontinuouslyevenduringsleepwhichissomethingmostheartrate-enabledfitnessbandsdon’tdo.ItcanalsoworkasawatchtotellthetimE.LookingmorelikeasmartwatchtheSurgehasanLEDtouchdisplayscreen.Thisallowsyoutocontrolyoursmartphoneandseewhoiscallingormessagingyou.Italsohaseightdifferentsensorsandcanrecordactivitiesindifferentsports.33.WhatcanLechaldoaccordingtothepassage?A.DirectyoutosomeplacE.B.Dialthenumberforyou.C.HelpyoureadthetextmessagE.D.Monitoryourheartrateforhealth.34.Run-n-Readisakindofequipmentthat.A.tracksyourmovementsthroughT-shirtsB.canwakeyouupandtellyouthetimeC.usesagesturerecognitionsystemD.protectsyoureyesfrompotentialdamage35.Whatdothethreewearablegadgetshaveincommon?A.Theyareinthepossessionofabigcompany.B.Theyhavesoldverywellinthelastfewyears.C.Theyareconsideredtogainpopularityin2015.D.Theywillmakethecompanyearnmuchmoney.
Ingeneralpeopletalkabouttwogroupsofcolors:warmcolorsandcoolcolors.Thewarmcolorsareredorangeandyellow.WheretherearewarmcolorsandalotoflightpeopleusuallywanttobeactivE.Thecoolcolorsaregreenblueandviolet.Thesecolorsunlikewarmcolorsarerelaxing.Wheretherearecoolcolorspeopleareusuallyquiet.PeoplewholiketospendtimealoneoftenpreferbluE.Redmaybeexcitingbutoneresearchersaysthattimeseemstopassmoreslowlyinaroomwithwarmcolorsthaninaroomwithcoolcolors.Hesuggeststhatawarmcolorsuchasredororangeisagoodcolorforalivingroomorrestaurant.Peoplewhoarerelaxingoreatingdonotwanttimetopassquickly.Coolcolorsarebetterforofficesorfactoriesifthepeoplewhoareworkingtherewanttimetopassquickly.Perhapswarmcolorsremindpeopleofwarmdaysandthecoolcolorsremindthemofcooldays.Peopleassociatecolorswithdifferentobjectsfeelingsandholidays.Peoplesayredisanexcitingandactivecolor.Theyassociateredwithastrongfeelinglikeanger.RedisusedforsignsofdangersuchasSTOPsignsandfireengines.TheholidaywhichisassociatedwithredisValentine’sDay.Orangeisthebrightwarmcolorofleavesinautumn.Peoplesayorangeisalivelyenergeticcolor.Theyassociateorangewithhappiness.TheholidayswhichareassociatedwithorangeareHalloweeninOctoberandThanksgivingDayinNovember.Whiteisthecolorofsnow.Peopledescribewhiteasapurecleancolor.Theyassociatewhitewithabrightcleanfeeling.Ontheotherhandblackisthecolorofnight.Peoplewearblackclothesatseriousorformalceremonies.Yellowisthecolorofsunlight.Peoplesayitisacheerfulandlivelycolor.Greenisthecoolcolorofgrassinspring.Peoplesayitisarefreshingandrelaxingcolor.Machinesinfactoriesareusuallypaintedlightgreen.BlueisthecoloroftheskywaterandicE.PoliceandNavyuniformsarebluE.WhenpeoplearesadtheysayIfeelbluE.Theyassociatebluewithfeelingslikeunhappinessandfear.Iftwoobjectsarethesameexceptforcolortheywilllookdifferent.Colorcanmakeanobjectlooknearerorfartherlargerorsmaller.Brightobjectslooklargerthandarkobjects.InconclusioncolorisveryimportanttopeoplE.Warmandcoolcolorsaffecthowpeoplefeel.Peoplechooseproductsbycolor.Moreovercoloraffectshowanobjectlooks.Itisevenpossiblethatyourfavoritecolortellsalotaboutyou.32.Thepeoplewhopreferwarmcolorsusuallyare________.A.quietB.energeticC.angryD.relaxing33.Thefactthatonefamilypaintsthelivingroomasunnyyellowsuggests________.A.peoplewanttobequietB.peoplewanttosleepslowlyC.peoplewanttimetopassmoreslowlyD.peopleassociatecolorswithholidays34.Whydodoctorsandnursesnormallywearwhiteuniforms?A.Becausewhitemeanspureandclean.B.Becausewhitemeansseriousorformal.C.Becausetheylikethecolourofsnow.D.Becausetheylikewearinguniforms.35.Wemaylearnfromthetextthatfatpeoplewhowanttolookslimmershouldwear________clothes.A.blueB.darkC.whiteD.yellow
Workyourbrain!Between2and3poundsofwonderitcontrolseverythingwesaydoorthinkwhoweareandwhatwecareaboutthewaywewalkorlaughorfigureoutthingswhatwelikeandthetalentswepossesshowweseeandtalkandrunandjumpandprocessourfooD.Thebrainuses20percentofourbody'soxygenand20percentofitsblooD.Somewherewithinitsproteinfat100000milesofbloodvesselsand100billionnervecellsithelpsusrememberwhereweputourgymshoes.Changeourtemperaturesowedon'tdiebecauseoftheheatorcolD.Speedusuporslowusdown.Helpuschoosebetweenorangejuiceororangeflavoreddrinks.ItscomplexityisstunningfarbeyondanythingmostofuscanimaginE.TokeepthisworkofartaspolishedaspossibleweneedtoeatrightexerciseandkeepmentallystimulateD.Goodnutritionhelpsbraincellscommunicatewitheachother.Exercisestimulatesahormoneinourbrainthatimprovesmemory.MentalstimulationkeepsyousharpevenasyouagE.It'sveryimportantthatwetellpeopletobephysicallyactiveandmentallyactivesaidneurologistMalcolmStewart.Peoplecannotstopagingbutyou'reabletoreducethedamage;you'reabletokeepthefunctionup.FollowingareDr.Stewart'sadviceforimprovingbrainhealthlNutritionAvoidfastfooD.Followtheoldadage格言:Forbreakfasteatlikeaking;forlunchlikeaqueen;forsupperlikeabeggar.lExerciseDoacombinationofstretchingaerobicandmusclestrengtheningeveryday.lMentalgamesTrytohaveasenseofhopeaboutthefuturE.Dopuzzles.ListentomusiC.Reachouttootherstomaketheirlivesbetter.54.Thepurposeoftheauthorinwritingthispassageisto______.A.informushowthebrainworksB.giveusadviceonhowtokeepthebrainhealthyC.tellusthatthebrainplaysanimportantroleinourlivesD.showhowspecialthebrainistous55.ThewordstunninginParagraph5means______.A.interestingB.strangeC.significantD.amazing56.Accordingtothetextmoreexercise______.A.keepsourmindsharpB.helpsimproveourmemoryC.givesourbrainarestD.isgoodforbraincellscommunicatingwitheachother57.Inordertokeepbrainhealthyweshouldavoid______.A.eatingagoodlunchB.doingpuzzlesC.eatingalargesupperD.takingaerobicexercise
A.visittoazoocanbeanamazingexperienceforpeopleofallages.IfyouwanttogetclosetowildlifewhynotvisitoneofthefollowingzoosintheUK?LongleatSafari游猎&AdventureParkWiltshire’sLongleatSafari&AdventureParkistheUK’soldestsafaripark.Openedin1966itwasthefirstsafariparkopenedoutsideAfricA.Itwasjusta100-acrelionreserve保护区inthebeginningbutithasgrownfastovertheyears.NowyoucanseeparrotsandothercreaturesherealthoughlionsarestillpopularwithmanypeoplE.Openfrommid-FebruarytoearlyNovemberadayticketcosts£26foradults.Admissionfor3to14-year-oldsis£18.50and£21fortheover-60s.LocatedjustofftheA36betweenBathandSalisburyitcanbereachedbytakingtheA362.BristolZooBristolZooisoneoftheUK’soldestzoos.Itwillcelebrateits180thanniversaryin2016.Hereyouwillfindover400differentspeciesofcreatures.Italsohasnineanimalhousessoeveniftheweatherisn’tatitsbesttherearestilllotsofamazingcreaturestolookatincludingtheendangeredredpandA.PerhapsoneofthemostpopularplacesisBugWorldwhereyoucanseeallkindsofscaryinsects.Admissionforadultsis£14and£8.50for3to14-year-oldsand£11fortheover-60s.LocatedintheCliftonregionofBristolyoucanreachthezoobytakingeithertheNo.8or9bus.CliftonDowntrainstationisalsoclosebyandifyouaretakingpublictransportyoucanbuyadiscountedentrytickettothezoo.1.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothepassage?A.Wiltshire’sLongleatSafari&AdventureParkisthefirstsafariparkintheworlD.B.Wiltshire’sLongleatSafari&AdventureParkhasalongerhistorythanBristolZoo.C.BristolZooistheoldestzoosintheUK.D.VisitorscanseeallkindsofscaryinsectsinBugWorlD.2.Howmuchshoulda61-year-oldcouplewiththeir4-year-oldgrandsonpaytovisitBristolZoo?A.£52.B.30.5.C.£60.5.D.£42.3.BristolZoowasopenedprobablyin______.A.1836B.1636C.1936D.17364.WecangettoBristolZoobytaking______.A.No.89busB.No.9subwaylineC.atrainD.theA362
ForyearsexpertshavebeenencouragingpeopletoexerciseusingstepsassimpleastakingthestairsinsteadofaliftandwalkingtoworkwherepossiblE.A.recentstudybolstersthisadvice---itshowsthatfrequentactiveexercisethroughoutthedaycanhavegreathealthbenefits.ThestudypublishedinthemagazinePreventiveMedicinefoundthatjust2minutesofstair-climbingseveraltimesadaycanlowertotalcholesterol胆固醇raiseHDLgoodcholesterolandimprovetheheartbeatinyoungwomenwhodonothavemuchactivityduringtheday.suchimprovementsmayhaveimportanteffectsonthehealthofwomensincelikecigarettesmokingpoorfitnesshavebeenshowntobeahighriskforheartdiseaseanddeathinwomensaidDr.ColinBorehamwiththeUniversityofUlsterinBelfastIrelandandthefellowresearchersofthisstudygroup.FurthermoreimprovementsintotalcholesterollevelsachievedinthestudycouldcuttherateofheartdiseaseinwomenbyathirdtheynoteD.TheteamofresearchersfromBritainstudied12womenbetween18-22yearsoldbeforeandaftertheexerciseprogram.Thewomenusedapublicstaircaseforabout2minutesadayfor5daysaweek.Comparedwithagroupof10womenwhodidnottakepartinthestair-climbingprogramthewomenwhoclimbedstairsshowedmarkedimprovementsinhealthandfitnesslevelsafter7weeks.Howevertheydidnotshowanysignsofweightloss.Ashort-termstair-climbingprogramcangivegreathealthbenefitstoyoungwomen.Stair-climbingmaybeaparticularlysuitablewayofcombiningexercisewithanindividual’sdailylifestyletheypointedout.Expertsadvisevisitingyourdoctorbeforebeginninganewexerciseprogram.5.TheunderlinedwordbolstersinParagraph1means_______.A.seeksB.offersC.followsD.supports6.AccordingtothestudydonebyDr.Borehamandhisgroupimprovementsincholesterollevelsareimportantin_______.A.helpingwomentogiveupsmokingB.enablingwomentotakeexerciseC.preventingwomenfromhavingheartdiseaseD.helpingwomentoloseweight7.Whatisthemainsubjectofthesecondandthirdparagraphs?A.Causesofheartdiseaseinyoungwomen.B.Researchfindingsofastair-climbingprogramC.MajorcontentsofthemagazinePreventiveMedicinE.D.A.reportofacomparativestudybyIrishandBritishscientists.8.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A.HowtoPreventHeartDisease----WhatDoDoctorsSay?B.Stair-climbingAttractsMoreC.GoodHealthAdvice—taketheStairsD.YesExerciseIsGoodforYou
A.teamofresearchersattheUniversityofIllinoisatChicagofoundthattoomanykidsareeatingtoomuchpizzaandtoomanycaloriesaredoingharmtochildren'shealth.Therearealotoftakeawaysfromthestudy.ButthebiggestthingisthatparentsareservingtheirkidstoomuchpizzasaidDr.WilliamDietzoneofthestudy'sauthorsandthedirectoroftheSumnerM.RedstoneGlobalCenterforPreventionandWellnessattheMilkenInstituteofPublicHealthattheGeorgeWashingtonUniversity.TheresearchersuseddatafromtheNationalHealthandNutritionExaminationSurvey.whichtrackedthedietsofmorethan11.000childrenandteenagers.ResearchersfiguredhowmanychildreneatpizzaintheUnitedStateshowoftentheyeatitandhowmuchtheyeatwhentheydo.PizzaprettyalarminglyisthesecondleadingsourceofcaloriesinthedietsofAmerica'schildrennextonlytograindessertssuchascookiesandothersweets.Onanygivendayroughly20percentofallchildrenaged2to11andadolescentsaged12to19eatpizzA.Andwhentheydotheyeatalotofit.Whenchildreneatpizzatheyeatroughly400caloriesaccordingtothestudy.Forteenagersit'supwardsof600calories.AllthatisprettyproblematicaccordingtoDietzlargelybecausekidsdon'ttendtobalancethepizzasliceswithsaladsvegetablesandothermorenutritional有营养的foodstuffs.Daysonwhichchildrenandteenagerseatpizzaarenotonlyassociatedwithconsiderablyhigherintakesoffatbutalsoquitesimply.withmorefood:onaveragechildrenconsume84extracaloriesonthedaystheyeatpizzawhileadolescentsconsumeanextra230calories.Whenyoueatextracaloriesanddon'tcompensate抵偿forthematanotherpointofthedayorweekitcanleadtoweightgainandevenobesity.DietzsaiD.ThereisaSilverlining.Pizzaconsumptionisstilltoohighbynutritionstandardsbutit'slowerthanitusedtobE.Consumption消费fellbyroughly25percentbetween2007and2016accordingtothestudy.Muchofthathascomeatdinnerwhereit'sfallenby40percentforchildrenandabout33percentforteenagers.It'sunclearwhetherthedeclinehasbeeninconnectionwithagrowingconcernoverobesityespeciallyamongthecountry'syouth.Butthedropinpizzaconsumptionwhilesignificanthasn'tbeenbigenoughIt'sapositivetrendDietzsaiD.Butwe'renotquitethemyet.It'seasytoseetheappealofpizzA.It'scheap.Parentscanbuyalotofpizzafornotalotofmoney.Besidestheycanbuypizzafromachainshopamom-and-popstoreoragroceryfreezer.AndIt'suniversallyloveD.Theestimated3billionpizzaeateneachyearintheUnitedStatesisaproofofthefood'sunmatchedpopularity.Givenhowmuchthecountrylovespizzawhat'stobedone?Dietzsuggestspizzawithsmallerservingsizesandhealthiertoppings配料.We'renotsuggestingthatkidsavoidpizzaaltogether.saidDietzButwhenparentsserveit.it'simportantthattheyunderstandit'sextremelycaloriC.Theyshouldservesmallerpizzaoratleastsmallerslices.61.Accordingtothestudy.theproblemwithkidsisthat.A.theyareoverweightB.theyhavetoomanytakeawaysC.theyarefedtoomuchpicaD.theyhaveverybadhealth62.Howdidtheresearchersgettheresult?A.Throughinterviewing.B.ByanalyzingdataC.Bytrackingkids'diets.D.Throughexperimenting.63.Weknowfromthepassagethatwhenkidseatpizza.A.theyusuallydon'teatotherfoodB.theyeatlessofotherfoodC.theyarenotlikelytobalancetheirdietD.theyusuallyeatwithvegetables64.WhatdoestheunderlinedpartasilverlininginParagraph7probablymean?A.SomethinghopefulB.SomethingvaluablE.C.SomethingmiserablE.D.Somethingsuccessful.65.What'sthekeymessageofthelastparagraph?A.PizzaconsumptionfellsignificantlyinAmericA.B.PizzahasmanyadvantagesoverotherfooD.C.Eatingtoomuchpizzacanleadtofailinghealthandobesity.D.Thepizzaproblemmaybeimprovedthroughitssizeandtopping.
CancersCellsinourbodiesarealwaysdividingasnewcellsreplaceoldones.36Cancercellsdividerapidlyandformgrowthscalledtumours肿瘤.Theycanspreadtotakeoverawholeorganandstopitworkingproperly.Ifcellsbreakawayfromthetumourtheycantraveltootherpartsofthebodyandstartnewtumours.Wedonotknowwhysomepeoplegetcancerwhileothersdon’t.Butfaultygenesarecertainlythecauseofsomecancers.Othersarecausedbychemicalsintheenvironment.CancerisnotasinglediseasE.37Themostcommontypesaffectthedigestivesystemandlungs.Inwomencancersofthebreastsandcervix子宫颈arealsocommon.Smokingisthecauseofalmostallcasesoflungcancer.Tobaccosmokecontainschemicalswhichcandamagethelungs.Themorecigarettesapersonsmokesthegreatertheirriskofsufferingfromlungcancer.38Cancersoftheskinarealsoquitecommon.Manytypesofradiationespeciallyultravioletrays紫外线fromtheSuncandamageskincellsandcausecancer.Mostcancerscanbetreatedsuccessfullyiftheyarecaughtearlyenough.Sometreatmentsinvolvesurgerytoremovethetumour.Thisisoftenfollowedbyacourseofstrongdrugs.39Theykillhealthycellsaswellascancercells.Inthemostup-to-datetreatmentsdrugsaredelivereddirectlytothecancercellsusingmagicbullets.Thesearespecialantibodieswhichonlyattachthemselvestocancercells.Similarlyradiotherapy放射疗法isatypeofcancertreatmentwhichusesradiationtokillcancercells.A.narrowbean光线ofradiationisfocuseddirectlyatatumour.40A.MostskincancersarecompletelycurablE.B.AndthehealthycellsnearbyarenotdamageD.C.Manyofthesedrugshaveunpleasantside-effects.D.AnX-rayofthelungsshowsthepositionofatumour.E.Differentcancerscanaffectalmostanypartofthebody.F.ButsometimestheprocessgoeswrongandacancercellisformeD.G.Fortunatelytheriskofgettingcancerisreducedwhensomeonestopssmoking.
YoumightnoticesomethingnewinthenextfewyearsasyouwatchDisneyprograms:Startingin2015therewon’tbeanycandysugarycerealorfast-foodcommercials广告aimedatkids.TheWaltDisneyCompanyhasbecomethefirstmajormediacompanytobanadsforjunkfoodonitsTVchannelsradiostationsandwebsites.Ithopesthiswillstopkidsfrommakingpoorfoodchoices.FirstLadyMichelleObamacalleditagamechangerthatissuretosendamessagetotherestofthechildren’sentertainmentindustry.JustafewyearsagoifyouhadtoldmeoranyothermomordadinAmericathatourkidswouldn’tseeasingleadforjunkfoodwhiletheywatchedtheirfavoritecartoonsonamajorTVnetworkwewouldn’thavebelievedyousaidtheFirstLadywhoheadsacampaigntohelpstopchildobesity肥胖.ThebanwouldapplytoDisney-ownedABCstationsaswellasRadioDisneyandDisney-ownedwebsitesaimedatfamilieswithyoungchildren.InadditionDisneyplanstomakechangestoitskids’menusatthemeparksandresorts度假胜地.Fast-foodoptionswillbereplacedwithhealthierchoicessuchassmoothies果汁applesvegetablesandyogurt.Inadditiontocandybarsandfast-foodmealsotherfoodsthatdon’tmeetDisney’snutritionalstandardswillbebannedfromthecompany’skid-targetedmediA.Anycerealwith10gramsormoreofsugarperservingwillbeofftheair.Therewillbenoadsforfullmealsofmorethan600calories.JuiceswithhighlevelsofsugarandfoodswithtoomuchsaltwillalsobepulleD.LeslieGoodmanDisney’sseniorvice-presidentofCorporateCitizenshipsaidacompanythatwantstoadvertisewillneedtoshowthatitoffersarangeofhealthyoptions.Disneyisn’ttheonlyonepushingawayunhealthyfoods.LastweekNewYorkCityMayorMichaelBloombergsuggestedabanondrinksover16ouncessoldinmovietheatersrestaurantsandconveniencestoresintheBigApplE.Hesayslargesugarydrinksarepartlytoblameforobesity.45.WhatwilltheWaltDisneyCompanydofrom2015?A.Producemoreandbettercartoonsforyoungkids.B.Helpkidsdevelophealthylifestyleintheprogram.C.StopbroadcastingadvertisementsforjunkfoodonTV.D.Providehealthierfoodforkidswhiletheyarewatchingprograms.46.WhatMichelleObamasaidsuggeststhatwhilewatchingcartoons_______.A.kidsdidn’tbelievewhatthecommercialssaidB.kidsenjoyeatingcandysugarycerealorjunkfoodC.kidsfindpleasureinwatchingfast-foodcommercialsD.kidsweretoseealotoffast-foodcommercialsonTV47.AccordingtoMichaelBloombergtofightchildobesitykidsshould_______.A.watchfewercartoonsB.drinklesssugarydrinksC.notgotomovietheatersD.takemorephysicalexercise
.Ofcourseyoudon’twanttobesickinyourvacation.Sowhatcanyoudowhiletraveling?Therearethreethingsyoushouldremember:relaxsleepandeatwell.Avacationisatimeforrelaxingbutveryoftenitisnot.Thinkaboutwhatyoudowhenyouareatourist.Therearesomanyplacestovisit:shopparkschurchesandtemples寺庙.Youmayspendmostofthedayswalkingaroundtheseplaces.Thiscanbeverytiring.Donotaskyourbodytodotoomuch.A.tiredbodymeansaweakbody.A.weakbodygetsdickeasily.SositdownforafewhoursinaniceplacE.Ingoodweatherlookforaquietparkbench.Sleepisalsoimportant.Ifyouwanttostayhealthyyouneedtogetenoughsleep.YourhotelroommaybenoisyorthebedmaybetooharD.Oryoumaywanttostayoutlateatnight.Thenyoushouldplantosleepforanhourduringtheday.TheextrahourcanmakeabigdifferencE.Finallyifyouwanttostayhealthyyoumusteatwell.ThatmeanseatingtherightkindsoffooD.YourbodyneedsfreshfruitvegetablesmeanmilkandcheesE.Sorememberthis:ifyouwanttoenjoyyourvacationtakegoodcareofyourself.Giveyourbodysomerest.GetenoughsleepandeathealthyfooD.23.Travelingisusually____.A.easyB.noisyC.tiringD.dangerous24.Youmust___toenjoyyourtraveling.A.visitparksB.stayhealthyC.gotochurchesandtemplesD.sitdownforafewhours25.Thetexttellsus____intraveling.A.howtorestB.whatplacestovisitC.howtorelaxandsleepD.howtotakegoodcareofourselves
Atelescope望远镜calledGaiaisbeingdesignedbyastronomersinEuropeanditcouldn’tbemoredifferentfromPan-STARRSwhichisanothertelescopebeingdesigneD.WhilePan-STARRSwillbelookingforasteroids小行星andcometsheadedforEarthGaiawillbelookingatourentiregalaxy银河系.GaiaisdesignedtodrawamapoftheMilkyWayourhomegalaxy.JustasamapofyourtowngivesyouapictureofwherethingsarelocatedGaia’smapofthegalaxywilltellastronomerswherethestarsarE.OverfiveyearsGaiawillobserve观察aboutabillionstarsandotherobjectsinourgalaxy.Eachobjectwillbeobservedabout70times.Gaiawillbesentintospaceconnectedtoarocket.Itcontainstwotelescopeseachfocusedatadifferentangle角度.ThesetwotelescopesactlikeGaia’seyes.Thereasonwhyhumanscanseethingsin3Disthatwehavetwoeyesfocusedonthesameobjectatslightlydifferentangles.ByusingtwotelescopeslikeeyesGaiacanproducethefirst3Dmapofthepositionsofthestarsitviews.Gaiawhichistobesentintospacein2011willbeapowerfultelescopE.IfyouweretouseitonEarthforexampleyoucouldstand600milesawayfromyourbestfriendsandstillgetaclearpictureoftheirhair.Gaiaisoneofmorethanadozentelescopesbeingdesignedbyscientistsrightnow.Thenextgenerationoftelescopeswillrevealnewpartsofouruniversethatwillseemsurprising.Theuniversewithallitsplanetsstarsandotherstrangeobjectsisapuzzlewithpiecesthatwecanseebyusingpowerfultelescopes.32.HowmanydifferentanglescanGaiafocusateachtime?A.2.B.3.C.4.D.5.33.ThemaptobedrawnbyGaia______.A.canshoweverybuildingonEarthB.canshowyouwhereyourtownisC.willjustshowthestarsaroundEarthD.willshowwherethestarsareinourhomegalaxy34.What’sParagraph4mainlyabout?A.WhatGaiawilldoinspacE.B.WhenGaiawillstarttowork.C.HowpowerfulGaiawillbE.D.WhatGaiawilldotoEarth.35.Theunderlinedsentenceinthelastparagraphsuggeststhatthenextgenerationoftelescopes_______.A.seemverysurprisingtoscientistsB.willnotbeputintouseinashorttimeC.willjustlookatnewthingsinuniverseD.willbemorepowerfulthantheoldgenerations
Birdsknowwheretogowhenit’stimetomigratE.TheygetsomeofthatsuperbsenseofdirectionfromtheirabilitytospotEarth’smagneticfielD.Thatmagneticsenseactsabitlikeacompassusedbyhumanhikers.Buttheenergycomingfromsomeelectronicdevicescanperturbabird’sinternalcompass.Andthatmightconfuseabird’ssenseofdirection.Mostelectronicdevicessendoutwavesofenergycalledelectromagneticradiation.ThelevelsaretoolowtoharmpeoplE.Anygivendevicesonlysendsoutasmallamount.Butsometypesofthisradiationcouldposeaproblemtobirds.Evenwhenheldcaptiveinalabbirdsknowwhenit’stimetomigratE.Theyareuneasyintheircages.Theytrytofaceinthedirectiontheywouldflyawayifoutdoors.Butthebirdscan’talwayslineupcorrectlynotesHenrikMouritsen.JosephKirschvinkhascalledforresearcherstobemorecarefulwhenstudyingtheeffectsofelectronicdevicesonbird’ssenseofdirection.Hestudiesanimals’magneticsensE.HesaysMouritsen’steamhasdonebetterworkthananypreviousteaminprobinghowelectronicnoisemightaffectbirds’magneticcompass.AsaresultofthisstudyhesaidIthinkitneedstobeconsideredseriously.Healsosaidhehopestoseeotherscientiststrytoprovethenewfindingsbyrunningsimilartests.Mouristen’sexperimentsbeganbackin2004.Heobservedthatcagedrobinsdidnotfacetowardtheirmigratorydirection.Forseveralyearshecouldnotfigureoutwhy.ThenanotherresearcherinhislabsuggestedthattheysetupashielD.CalledaFaradaycageitconsistedofgroundedaluminiumscreensthatblockedincomingelectromagneticradiation.WhenprotectedbythescreeningbirdsinthelabatlastfacedinthedirectiontheyshouldmigratE.Mouristentoldhewasreluctanttostartstudyingbirdsandelectromagneticradiation.Afterallheknewthatpreviousexperimentsthattesteditseffectsonanimalshadbeencriticizedasfunny.It’snotthefirsttimeit’sbeenclaimedhesaidofthelinkbetweencompassconfusionandelectronics.ButIhopeit’sthefirsttimeithashelpup.27.Theunderlinedwordperturbinparagraph1probablymeans______.A.botherB.protectC.checkD.ruin28.WhatpuzzledMouristenforyears?A.HowbirdscanbeprotectedfromelectromagneticnoisE.B.Howelectronicdevicesdisturbamagneticcompass.C.Whycagedbirdscan’tfaceintherightdirectionD.Whatareincludedinthebiologyofanimals.29.AccordingtothelastparagraphMouristenbelievethat_____.A.thebirds’senseofdirectiondidexistB.theformerexperimentswerereallyfunnyC.birds’compassconfusionislinkedwithelectronicsD.histeamfirstclaimedthelinkbetweencompassconfusionandelectronics30.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A.Electronicsmayconfuseabird’scompass.B.Electromagneticradiationcausesharmtobirds.C.Electronicdevicesformspecialmagneticfields.D.Electronicsmayguidebirds’migratorydirections.
WalkthroughtheAmazonrainforesttodayandyouwillfinditsteamywarmdampandthick.Butifyouhadbeentherearound15000yearsagoduringthelasticeagewouldithavebeenthesame?Formorethan30yearsscientistshavebeenarguingabouthowrainforestsmighthavereactedtothecolddryclimateoftheiceagesbuttillnownoonehasreachedasatisfyinganswer.RainforestsliketheAmazonareimportantformoppingupCO2fromtheatmosphereandhelpingtosolveglobalwarming.CurrentlythetreesintheAmazontakeinaround500milliontonsofCO2eachyear:equaltothetotalamountofCO2givenoffintheUKeachyear.ButhowwilltheAmazonreacttothefutureclimatechange?IfitgetsdrierwillitsurviveandcontinuetodrawdownCO2?Scientistshopethattheywillbeabletolearninadvancehowtherainforestwillmanageinthefuturebyunderstandinghowrainforestsreactedtoclimatechangeinthepast.Unfortunatelycollectinginformationisincrediblydifficult.Tostudythepastclimatescientistsneedtolookatfossilizedpollen花粉keptinlakemudGoingbacktothelasticeagemeansdrillingdownintolakesediments沉淀物whichrequiresspecializedequipmentandheavymachinery.Thereareveryfewroadsandpathsorplacestolandhelicoptersandaeroplanes.Riverstendtobetheeasiestwaytoentertheforestbutthisstillleavesvastareasbetweentheriverscompletelyunsampled未取样.SofaronlyahandfulofcoreshavebeendrilledthatgobacktothelasticeageandnoneofthemprovideenoughinformationtoprovehowtheAmazonforestreactstoclimatechangE.25.Howdoscientistsstudythepastclimatechange?A.BypredictingtheclimatechangeinthefuturE.B.Bydrillingdowndeepintolandsediments.C.ByanalyzingfossilizedpolleninlakemuD.D.BytakingsamplesfromriversintheAmazon.26.Whyisitdifficulttocollectinformationaboutthepastclimatechange?A.Becausescientistscan'tfindproperequipmentandmachinery.B.Becauseitisverydifficulttoobtaincompletesamples.C.BecausehelicoptersandaeroplaneshavenoplacetolanD.D.Becausenoneofthecoresprovideanyinformation.27.Whereisthepassagemostprobablytakenfrom?A.A.medicaljournal.B.A.newsreportC.A.travelbrochurE.D.A.sciencemagazinE.28.Thebesttitleforthetextmaybe.A.SecretsoftheRainforestB.ClimatesoftheAmazonC.TheHistoryoftheRainforestD.ChangesoftheRainforest
Ascientistworkingatherlabbenchandasix-month-oldbabyplayingwithhisfoodmightseemtohavelittleincommon.Afterallthescientistisengagedinseriousresearchtouncovertheverynatureofthephysicalworldandthebabyiswelljustplayingright?Perhapsbutsomedevelopmentalpsychologists心理学家havearguedthatthisplayismorelikeascientificinvestigationthanonemightthink.TakeacloserlookatthebabyplayingatthetablE.Eachtimethebowlofriceispushedoverthetableedgeitfallstotheground—andintheprocessitbringsoutimportantevidenceabouthowphysicalobjectsinteract相互作用;bowlsofricedonotfloatinmid-airbutrequiresupporttoremainstablE.Itislikelythatbabiesarenotbornknowingthisbasicfactoftheuniverse;noraretheyeverclearlytaughtit.Insteadbabiesmayformanunderstandingofobjectsupportthroughrepeatedexperimentsandthenbuildonthisknowledgetolearnevenmoreabouthowobjectsinteract.Thoughtheirrangesandtoolsdifferthebaby’sinvestigationandthescientist’sexperimentappeartosharethesameaimtolearnaboutthenaturalworldoverallapproachgatheringdirectevidencefromtheworldandlogicaremyobservationswhatIexpected?.Somepsychologistssuggestthatyoungchildrenlearnaboutmorethanjustthephysicalworldinthisway—thattheyinvestigatehumanpsychologyandtherulesoflanguageusingsimilarmeans.ForexampleitmayonlybethroughrepeatedexperimentsevidencegatheringandfinallyoverturningatheorythatababywillcometoaccepttheideathatotherpeoplecanhavedifferentviewsanddesiresfromwhatheorshehasforexampleunlikethechildMommyactuallydoesn’tlikeDovechocolatE.Viewingchildhooddevelopmentasascientificinvestigationthrowslightonhowchildrenlearnbutitalsooffersaninspiringlookatscienceandscientists.Whydoyoungchildrenandscientistsseemtobesomuchalike?Psychologistshavesuggestedthatscienceasaneffort—thedesiretoexploreexplainandunderstandourworld—issimplysomethingthatcomesfromourbabyhooD.Perhapsevolution进化providedhumanbabieswithcuriosityandanaturaldrivetoexplaintheirworldsandadultscientistssimplymakeuseofthesamedrivethatservedthemaschildren.Thesamecognitive认知的systemsthatmakeyoungchildrenfeelgoodaboutfiguringsomethingoutmayhavebeenadoptedbyadultscientists.AssomepsychologistsputitItisnotthatchildrenarelittlescientistsbutthatscientistsarebigchildren.50.Accordingtosomedevelopmentalpsychologists.A.ababy’splayisnothingmorethanagamE.B.scientificresearchintobabies’gamesispossibleC.thenatureofbabies’playhasbeenthoroughlyinvestigatedD.ababy’splayissomehowsimilartoascientist’sexperiment51.WelearnfromParagraph2thatA.scientistsandbabiesseemtoobservetheworlddifferentlyB.scientistsandbabiesofteninteractwitheachotherC.babiesarebornwiththeknowledgeofobjectsupportD.babiesseemtocollectevidencejustasscientistsdo52.ChildrenmaylearntherulesoflanguagebyA.exploringthephysicalworldB.investigatinghumanpsychologyC.repeatingtheirownexperimentsD.observingtheirparents’behaviors53.Whatisthemainideaofthelastparagraph?A.Theworldmaybemoreclearlyexplainedthroughchildren’splay.B.Studyingbabies’playmayleadtoabetterunderstandingofsciencE.C.Childrenmayhavegreaterabilitytofigureoutthingsthanscientists.D.One’sdriveforscientificresearchmaybecomestrongerashegrows.54.Whatistheauthor’stonewhenhediscussestheconnectionbetweenscientists’researchandbabies’play?A.Convincing.B.ConfuseD.C.Confident.D.Cautious.
Doessolvingamathproblemgiveyouaheadache?Doyoufeelnervouswhenyousitamathexam?Formoststudentsmathcanbetoughbutscientistshaveprovedthatmathproblemscanactuallytrigger引起physicalpain.Scientistscametothisconclusionwithanin-depthexperimentwhichwaspublishedinthePublicLibraryofScienceOnejournal.Theybeganbyfindingouthowmuchparticipantsfearmath.Thoseinvolvedwereaskedaseriesofquestionssuchashowtheyfeelwhentheyreceiveamathtextbookorwhentheywalkintoamathlesson.Basedontheiranswersparticipantsweredividedintogroups.Onegroupwasmadeupofpeoplewhowereparticularlyafraidofmathandparticipantsintheothergroupweremorecomfortablewiththesubject.Bothgroupswerethengiveneithermathtasksorwordtasks.Whenamathtaskwasgoingtocomenextayellowcirclewouldappearbutwhenawordtaskwassoontocomeabluesquarewouldbeshown.Usingabrain-scanmachinescientistsnoticedthatwheneverpeoplefromGroupOnesawayellowcircletheirbrainwouldrespondinawaysimilartowhentheirbodyisfeelingpain.ItwaslikethepaintheywouldfeelforexampleiftheyburnttheirhandonahotstovE.Buttheyreactedlessstronglywhentheyknewthattheywouldbefacedwithawordtask.Howeverscientistssawnostrongbrainresponsefrompeopleinthesecondgroup.Mathcanbedifficultandforthosewithhighlevelsofmathematics-anxietyHMAmathisassociatedwithtensionapprehension忧虑andfear.WhenyouarereallythinkingaboutthemathproblemsyourmindisracingandyouareworryingaboutallthethingsthatcouldgowrongexplainedIanLyonsfromUniversityofChicagoUSleaderofthestudy.Thehigheraperson’sanxietyofamathstaskthemoreheactivatedbrainregionsassociatedwiththreatdetectionandtheexperienceofpain.Moreinterestinglythebrainactivitydisappearedwhenparticipantsactuallystarteddealingwiththemathtasks.Thismeansthatit’snotthatmathitselfhurts;rathertheexpectationofmathispainfulLyonssaiD.Basedonthestudyscientistssuggestedthatthingscouldbedonetohelpstudentsworrylessandmovepasttheirfearofmathwhichmightmeantheyperformbetterintests.72.Inthefirststagescientistsaskparticipantssomequestionsto_____.A.seewhethermathhurtsB.findouthowmuchtheyfearmathC.observehowtheirbrainresponseD.testtheirenduranceofpain73.Theunderlinedwordtheexpectationofmathisclosestinmeaningto_____.A.theattemptoflearningmathB.themotivationtoworkoutmathproblemC.theefforttounderstandmathD.theactofthinkingaboutmath74.Whichisthebesttitleforthepassage?A.Howtoovercomemathfear.B.PhysicalpainaffectsmathperformancE.C.Mathpaininyourbrain.D.Unknowntruthaboutpain.75.Whatcanbeconcludedfromtheexperiment?A.Theexpectationofmathhasnorelationtostudents’confidenceinmath.B.Moderatemathematicanxietyimprovesstudents’academicperformancE.C.Effectivesolutionshavebeenworkedouttolowerstudents’anxietyofmath.D.PhysicalpaincausedbyHMAdisappearsintheprocessofdoingmathproblem.
ManypeoplerelyonacupofcoffeeortwotowakethemupinthemorningorpickthemupduringtheworkingdaybutnowachemisthascomeupwithaspeedyalternativetocraftingacupofcoffeE.U.S.biochemistBenYuhascreated‘SprayableEnergy’whichclaimstobetheworld’sfirstcaffeine-basedtopicalenergyspray.Hesaidtiredworkerscanspraya‘shot’ofcaffeineontotheirskinwithoutexperiencingastrongbuzzloadinguponunnecessarycaloriesorbeingstuckwithanastyaftertasteliketheymightgetfromdrinkingenergydrinksorcoffeE.Thepatent-pendingcaffeinesprayisanodourlessliquidthatisabsorbedthroughtheskinanddistributedthroughthebodyoveranumberofhourstodeliveracaffeinehitthatapparentlylastslongerthanguzzlingacupofcoffeE.EachsmallaluminumbottleofSprayableEnergycontainsaround160sprays-theequivalentamountofcaffeineto40cupsofcoffeeandthecreatorssayitisamuchcheaperwayofgettingacaffeinefixthanpoppingtoacafé.TheonlyactiveingredientinthesprayiscaffeinewhichcannaturallyenterthehumanbodythroughtheskinbypassingthroughcellmembranesasitisverysimilartonicotineinstructurE.EachspritzofSprayableEnergycontainsaroundaquarteroftheamountofcaffeinefoundinacupofcoffeebutapparentlyhasthesameeffectasafullcup.Thewebsitesaid:‘Thereasonforthisisourproductnotbeingingestedisn’talmostentirelymetabolised新陈代谢bytheliverbeforeenteringyoursystemandbecomingavailabletoyourbody.’‘ThusasmalleramountofcaffeinecanhavejustthesameeffectasaverylargeamountofcaffeineingestedthroughanenergydrinkorcupofcoffeE.SprayableEnergy`swebsiterecommendsthatusersapplythesprayinplaceswheretheynormallyspritzperfumesuchastheneckorwristsbutwarnsusersnottoexceed20spraysaday.Itclaimsthataftersprayingtheproductontheskinuserswillfeel‘awakeandfocusedwithoutbeingover-stimulated’whichiscommonwithcoffeeandenergydrinks.12.WhatcanwelearnaboutSprayableEnergyfromthepassage?_______.A.A.bottleofSprayableEnergyischeaperthan40cupsofcoffeE..B.SprayableEnergyletsusersnotworryabouttakinginunnecessarycalories..C.SprayableEnergycanbeusedatleast20spraysadayD.Thecaffeinesprayisacolorlessliquidthatisabsorbedthroughtheskin..13.Whatdoesthefifthparagraphmainlytellus?____A.SprayableEnergyistakenbymouth...B.BeforeSprayableEnergyisabsorbedbybodytheliverentirelymetabolizesitC.HowSprayableEnergyactsonuser’sbodyandhowusersusetheproduct.D.SprayableEnergyisconvenientbutexpensivE.14.Wecanconcludefromthepassagethat____A.SprayableEnergycannotbepermittedtobeusedbypeoplenow.B.SprayableEnergyhasnotalreadygoneintomassproductionC.EachspritzofSprayableEnergyhasthesameeffectasafullcupofcoffeeD.SprayableEnergyiswellreceivedbyflaggingworkers.15.Thewriter’sattitudetowardsSprayableEnergy______A.negativE.B.positiveC.uncertainD.indifferent
Youmaythinkthatsailingisadifficultsportbutitisreallynothardtolearn.Youdonotneedtobestrong.Butyouneedtobequick.AndyouneedtounderstandafewbasicrulesaboutthewinD.FirstyoumustaskyourselfWhereisthewindcomingfrom?Isitcomingfromaheadorbehindorfromtheside?Youmustthinkaboutthisallthetimeontheboat.Thewinddirectiontellsyouwhattodowiththesail.Let'sstartwiththewindblowingfrombehinD.Thismeansthewindandtheboataregoinginthesamedirection.Thenyoumustalwayskeepthesailoutsidetheboat.Itshouldbeata90°angletotheboat.Thenitwillcatchthewindbest.Ifthewindisblowingfromthesideitisblowingacrosstheboat.Inthiscaseyoumustkeepthesailhalfwayoutsidetheboat.Itshouldbeata45°angletotheboat.Itneedstobeoutfarenoughtocatchthewindbutitshouldn'tflap摆动.Itshouldn'tlooklikeaflagonaflagpolE.Ifitisflappingitisprobablyouttoofarandtheboatwillslowdown.SailingagainstthewindisnotpossiblE.Ifyoutrythesailwillflapandtheboatwillstop.Youmaywanttogointhatdirection.Itispossiblebutyoucan'tgoinastraightlinE.Youmustgofirstinonedirectionandtheninanother.Thisiscalledtacking.Whenyouaretackingyoumustalwayskeepthesailinsidetheboat.24.Whatshouldyouconsiderfirstwhilesailing?A.Sailors'strength.B.Winddirections.C.Sizeofsails.D.Wavelevels.25.WhatdoesthewordItunderlinedinParagraph4referto?A.Thesail.B.ThewinD.C.Theboat.D.TheanglE.26.Whatdoyouhavetodowhensailingagainstthewind?A.MoveinastraightlinE.B.Allowthesailtoflap.C.Tacktheboat..D.Lowerthesail27.Wherecanyouprobablyfindthetext?A.InatouristguidebookB.Inaphysicstextbook.C.Inanofficialreport.D..InapopularmagazinE.
ElNinoaSpanishtermfor＂theChristchild＂wasnamedbySouthAmericanfishermanwhonoticedthattheglobalweatherpatternwhichhappenseverytwotosevenyearsreducedtheamountoffishescaughtaroundChristmas.ElNinoseeswarmwatercollectedoverseveralyearsinthewesternPacificflowbackeastwardswhenwindsthatnormallyblowwestwardsweakenorsometimestheotherwayrounD.Theweathereffectsbothgoodandbadarefeltinmanyplaces.RichcountriesgainmorefrompowerfulNinoonbalancethantheylosE.A.studyfoundthatastrongNinoin1997-98helpedAmerican’seconomygrowby$15billionpartlybecauseofbetteragriculturalharvestfarmersintheMidwestgainedfromextrarain.Thetotalriseinagriculturalinrichcountriesingrowththanthefallinpoorones.ButinIndonesiaextremelydryforestsareinflames.A.multi-yeardrought干旱insouth-eastBrazilisbecomingworsE.ThoughheavyrainsbroughtaboutbyElNinomayrelievethedroughtinCaliforniatheyarelikelytocausesurfacefloodingandotherdisasters.ThemostrecentpowerfulNinoin1997-98killedaround21000peopleandcauseddamageworth$36billionaroundtheglobE.ButsuchNinoscomewithmonthsofwarningandsomuchisknownabouthowtheyhappenthatgovernmentscanpreparE.AccordingtotheOverseasDevelopmentInstituteODIhoweverjust12%ofdisaster-relieffundinginthepasttwodecadeshasgoneonreducingrisksinadvanceratherthanrecoveryandrebuildingafterwards.Thisisdespiteevidencethatadollarspentonrisk-reductionsavesatleasttwoonreconstruction.Simpleimprovementstoinfrastructure基础设施canreducethespreadofdiseasE.Bettersewers下水道makeitlesslikelythatheavyrainisfollowedbyanoutbreakofthediseaseofbadstomach.Strongerbridgesmeanvillagesarelesslikelytobeleftwithoutfoodandmedicineafterfloods.Accordingtoapaperin2011byMrHsiangandco-authorscivilconflictisrelatedtoElNino’sharmfuleffects—andthepoorerthecountrythestrongerthelink.ThoughtherelationshipmaynotbecausalhelpingdividedcommunitiestopreparefordisasterswouldatleastreducetheriskthatthosedisastersarefollowedbykillingandwoundingpeoplE.SincethepoorestareleastlikelytomakeupfortheirlossesfromdisasterslinkedtoElNinoreducingtheirlossesneedstobethepriority.61.WhatcanwelearnaboutElNinoinParagraph1?A.ItisnamedafteraSouthAmericanfisherman.B.IttakesplacealmosteveryyearallovertheworlD.C.ItforcesfishermentostopcatchingfisharoundChristmas.D.Itseesthechangesofwaterflowdirectionintheocean.62.WhatmayE.lNinosbringabouttothecountriesaffected?A.Agriculturalharvestsinrichcountriesfall.B.Droughtsbecomemoreharmfulthanfloods.C.Richcountries’gainsaregreaterthantheirlosses.D.Poorcountriessufferlessfromdroughtseconomically.63.ThedataprovidedbyODIinParagraph4suggestthat_________.A.moreinvestmentshouldgotoriskreductionB.governmentsofpoorcountriesneedmoreaidC.victimsofElNinodeservemorecompensationD.recoveryandreconstructionshouldcomefirst64.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthepassage?A.TointroduceElNinoanditsorigin.B.ToexplaintheconsequencesofElNino.C.ToshowwaysoffightingagainstElNino.D.TourgepeopletoprepareforElNino.
Atelescope望远镜calledGaiaisbeingdesignedbyastronomersinEuropeanditcouldn’tbemoredifferentfromPan-STARRSwhichisanothertelescopebeingdesigneD.WhilePan-STARRSwillbelookingforasteroids小行星andcometsheadedforEarthGaiawillbelookingatourentiregalaxy银河系.GaiaisdesignedtodrawamapoftheMilkyWayourhomegalaxy.JustasamapofyourtowngivesyouapictureofwherethingsarelocatedGaia’smapofthegalaxywilltellastronomerswherethestarsarE.OverfiveyearsGaiawillobserve观察aboutabillionstarsandotherobjectsinourgalaxy.Eachobjectwillbeobservedabout70times.Gaiawillbesentintospaceconnectedtoarocket.Itcontainstwotelescopeseachfocusedatadifferentangle角度.ThesetwotelescopesactlikeGaia’seyes.Thereasonwhyhumanscanseethingsin3Disthatwehavetwoeyesfocusedonthesameobjectatslightlydifferentangles.ByusingtwotelescopeslikeeyesGaiacanproducethefirst3Dmapofthepositionsofthestarsitviews.Gaiawhichistobesentintospacein2011willbeapowerfultelescopE.IfyouweretouseitonEarthforexampleyoucouldstand600milesawayfromyourbestfriendsandstillgetaclearpictureoftheirhair.Gaiaisoneofmorethanadozentelescopesbeingdesignedbyscientistsrightnow.Thenextgenerationoftelescopeswillrevealnewpartsofouruniversethatwillseemsurprising.Theuniversewithallitsplanetsstarsandotherstrangeobjectsisapuzzlewithpiecesthatwecanseebyusingpowerfultelescopes.28.HowmanydifferentanglescanGaiafocusateachtime?A.2.B.3.C.4.D.5.29.ThemaptobedrawnbyGaia______.A.canshoweverybuildingonEarthB.canshowyouwhereyourtownisC.willjustshowthestarsaroundEarthD.willshowwherethestarsareinourhomegalaxy30.What’sParagraph4mainlyabout?A.WhatGaiawilldoinspacE.B.WhenGaiawillstarttowork.C.HowpowerfulGaiawillbE.D.WhatGaiawilldotoEarth.31.Theunderlinedsentenceinthelastparagraphsuggeststhatthenextgenerationoftelescopes_______.A.seemverysurprisingtoscientistsB.willnotbeputintouseinashorttimeC.willjustlookatnewthingsinuniverseD.willbemorepowerfulthantheoldgenerations
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