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Thomas Edison's incandescent(白炽的) light-bulb will have been brought to an end by 2016 because i...
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高中英语《湖南省郴州市2016届高三第二次教学质量监测考试试题及答案》真题及答案
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SleepinginisoneofthebestpartsoftheweekenD.Afteralongexhaustingworkweeksometimesallyouwanttodoissleep.OnFridaynightyouslideunderthecoverssmilinginanticipation.Nowyoucanfinallycatchuponyoursleep.Exceptyoucan’t.WhenyouopenyoureyesSaturdaymorningit’sstillearly.Ifthiswereaweekdayyou’dbeupbeforeyouralarm.Sowhat’sthedeal?Wehatetobreakittoyoubutyou’veprettymuchdonethistoyourself.Yourbodyisverygoodatrecognizingpatternsandadjustingaccordingly.Ifyou’vegota9-to-5jobyou’regettingupearlyfivedaysaweek.Thiseffectivelysetsyourbodyclocktowakeyouatacertaintimeeachday.Youcanshutoffyouralarmclockbutyourbodyclockwilljustkeepticking.There’sanotherreasonthatyouprobablydon’twanttothinkabout:You’rejustnotasyoungasyouusedtobE.Weneedlesssleepaswegetolder.Babiesneedbetween16and20hours.Teenagersshouldbutoftendon’tgetninehoursanight.Youngerandmiddle-agedadultsneedeight.Ingeneraltheolderyougettheharderitistosnoozethedayaway.Evenifyoudomanagetosleepinyoumayneverfullycatchuponyoursleep.IfyourbodyneedseighthourseverynightandyouonlygetsixorsevenfromMondaytoFridayyou’dhavetosleepanextrafivetotenhoursonSaturdaytomakeitup.Andexpertssayeventhatmaynotbeenough.Thebottomline:Sleepwhenyoucanandenjoythoseextraweekendmorninghours.Whodoesn’twantalongerweekend?29.WhatdoestheunderlinedsentencemeaninParagraph1?A.YouknowthatyouwilloversleeponSaturdaymorning.B.Youneedn’tgetupearlyonSaturdaymorningsoyouwillhaveabettersleep.C.Sinceyoudon’tworkonSaturdayyouneedn’tgotosleepasusual.D.Youknowthateventhoughyouneedn’tgetupearlyonSaturdaymorningyouwillwakeasusual.30.WhatcanwelearnfromParagraph3?A.Ifyouhavea9-to-5jobyouarelikelytodevelopaflexiblebodyclock.B.Onceyouhavesetyourbodyclockitisnoteasytochangeit.C.Theauthorwillnotbreakthepatternbutyouwilldoityourself.D.Ifyouadjustyourbodyclockaccordinglyyouarehealthy.31.Whichofthefollowingisthereasonwhyyoucan’tsleepinonweekends?A.YouarenotwillingtoadmitthatyouareolD.B.YouneedtorelaxontheweekenD.C.Yourbodyclockstillworksonweekends.D.Youcannevergetenoughsleep.32.Whichisthebesttitleofthepassage?A.Whycan'tIsleepinonweekendsanymore?B.Whycan’tIcatchuponmysleep?C.HowtoturnoffmybodyclockonSaturdays?D.HowtogetmoresleeponSaturdaymornings?
RecentlyIspoketosomeofmystudentsaboutwhattheywantedtodoaftertheygraduatedandwhatkindofjobprospectstheythoughttheyhaD.GiventhatIteachstudentswhoaretrainedtobedoctorsIwassurprisedtofindthatmostthoughtthattheywouldnotbeabletogetthejobstheywantedwithoutoutsidehelp.Whatkindofhelpisthat?Iaskedexpectingthemtotellmethattheywouldneedarelativeorfamilyfriendtohelpthemout.SurgeryonereplieD.IwasprettyalarmedbythatresponsE.ItseemsthatthegraduatesoftodayareincreasinglywillingtogoundertheknifetogetaheadofotherswhenitcomestogettingajoB.Onegirltoldmethatshewasconsideringsurgerytoincreaseherheight.Theybreakyourlegsputinspecialextendingscrewsandslowlyexpandthegapbetweenthetwoendsoftheboneasitregrows.Youcangetatleast5cmtaller!AtthatpointIwasshockeD.Iamshort.Ican’tdenythatbutIdon’tthinkIwouldputmyselfthroughmonthsofpainjusttobeafewcentimeterstaller.Idon’tevenbothertowearshoeswiththicksolesasI.’mnottryingtohidethefactthatIamjustnottall!Itseemstomethatthereisatrendtowardwantingperfectionandthatisanidealthatjustdoesnotexistinreality.NooneisbornperfectyetmagazinesTVshowsandmoviespresentimagesofthintallbeautifulpeopleasbeingthenorm.Advertisementsforslimmingaidsbeautytreatmentsandcosmeticsurgery整容外科手术clinicsfillthepagesofnewspapersfurthercreatinganideathatperfectionisarequirementandthatitmustbepurchasednomatterwhatthecost.Inmyopinionskillsratherthanappearanceshoulddeterminehowsuccessfulapersonisinhischosencareer.32.Wecanknowfromthepassagethattheauthorworksas.A.adoctorB.ateacherC.amodeD.areporter33.Manygraduatestodayturntocosmeticsurgeryto.A.getanadvantageoverothersinjob-huntingB.becomeamodelC.marryabetterman/womanD.attractmoreadmirers34.Accordingtothepassagetheauthorbelievesthat.A.everyoneshouldpursueperfectionwhateverthecostB.it’srightforgraduatestoaskforotherstohelpthemoutinhuntingforjobsC.mediaaretoblameformisleadingyoungpeopleintheirseekingforsurgeryD.itisone’sappearanceinsteadofskillsthatreallymattersinone’scareer35.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofhisheight?A.Hehatestobecalledashortman.B.Hetriestoincreasehisheightthroughsurgery.C.Healwayswearsshoeswiththicksolestohidethefact.D.Hejustacceptsitasitis.
SpeedreadingisanecessaryandvitalskillintheInternetagE.Weskimoverarticlese-mailsandtweets微博totrytograspkeywordsandtheessentialmeaningofthetext.WithsomuchinformationavailablethroughourelectronicdevicesitwouldbeimpossibletogetthrougheverythingifwereadwordbywordlinebylinE.Butanewtrendcallsonpeopletounplug拔掉电源插座andenjoyreadingslowlyonethatclaimstohavebenefitsbeyondintellectualstimulation智力上的刺激byspeedreading.ArecentstoryfromTheWallStreetJournalreportedonabookclubinWellingtonNewZealandwheremembersmeetinacafeandturnofftheirsmartphones.Theysinkintocomfortablechairsandreadinsilenceforanhour.Unliketypical一贯的bookclubsthepointoftheslowreadingclubisn’ttoexchangeideasaboutcertainbooksbuttogetawayfromelectronicdevicesandreadinaquietrelaxedenvironment.AccordingtothestorytheWellingtonbookclubisjustoneexampleofamovementstartedbybookloverswhomissthetraditionalwayofreading.TraditionalreaderslikeMauraKellysayaregularreadinghabitsharpensthemindimprovesconcentrationreducesstresslevelsanddeepenstheabilitytounderstandothers.SomeofthesebenefitshavebeenbackedupbysciencE.Forexampleastudyof300elderlypeoplepublishedbythejournalNeurologylastyearshowedthatmaturepeoplewhotakepartinactivitiesthatusetheirbrainsuchasreadingsufferlessmemorylossastheygetolder.AnotherstudypublishedlastyearinScienceshowedthatreadingnovelsinthetraditionalwayhelpspeopleunderstandothers’mentalstatesandbeliefs—akeyskillinbuildingrelationships.5.SpeedreadingisanecessaryandvitalskillintheInternetagebecausepeople______.A.havetograspthemeaningfasterB.havemuchmoreinformationtoreadC.nolongerreadwordbywordlinebylineD.mustusetheirsmartphonesmorefrequently6.MembersoftheWellingtonbookclubareexpectedto______.A.readpeacefullyforanhourB.makecoffeefortheothermembersC.regularlyswapideasaboutbooksD.turnofftheirsmartphonesforrecharging7.AccordingtotheNeurologystudywhoismostlikelytosuffermemoryloss?A.A.65-year-oldmanwhorarelyreads.B.A.79-year-oldwomanwhoreadsregularly.C.A.17-year-oldmiddleschoolstudentwhoseldomreadsnovels.D.A.healthy24-year-olduniversitygraduatewhooftenplaysgames.8.What’stheauthor’sattitudetowardsthewayofreadingslowly?__________A.DesperateB.NeutralC.PositiveD.Indifferent
PassengerpigeonsonceflewovermuchoftheUnitedStatesinunbelievablenumbers.Writtenaccountsfromthe18thand19thcenturiesdescribedflocks群solargethattheydarkenedtheskyforhours.Itwascalculatedthatwhenitspopulationreacheditshighestpointthereweremorethan3billionpassengerpigeons–anumberequalto24to40percentofthetotalbirdpopulationintheUnitedStatesmakingitperhapsthemostabundantbirdintheworlD.Evenaslateas1870whentheirnumbershadalreadybecomesmalleraflockbelievedtobeamilewideand320milesabout515kilometerslongwasseennearCincinnati.Sadlytheabundanceofpassengerpigeonsmayhavebeentheirundoing.Wherethebirdsweremostabundantpeoplebelievedtherewasanever-lastingsupplyandkilledthembythethousands.CommercialhuntersattractedthemtosmallclearingswithgrainwaiteduntilpigeonshadsettledtofeedthenthrewlargenetsoverthemtakinghundredsatatimE.Thebirdswereshippedtolargecitiesandsoldinrestaurants.Bytheclosingdecadesofthe19thcenturythehardwoodforestswherepassengerpigeonsnestedhadbeendamagedbyAmericans’needforwoodwhichscattered驱散theflocksandforcedthebirdstogofarthernorthwherecoldtemperaturesandspringstormscontributedtotheirdeclinE.Soonthegreatflocksweregonenevertobeseenagain.In1897thestateofMichiganpassedalawprohibitingthekillingofpassengerpigeonsbutbythennosizableflockshadbeenseeninthestatefor10years.ThelastconfirmedwildpigeonintheUnitedStateswasshotbyaboyinPikeCountyOhioin1900.ForatimeafewbirdssurvivedunderhumancarE.ThelastofthemknownaffectionatelyasMarthadiedattheCincinnatiZoologicalGardenonSeptember11914.24.Inthe18thandearly19thcenturiespassengerpigeons_______.A.werethebiggestbirdintheworldB.livedmainlyinthesouthofAmericaC.didgreatharmtothenaturalenvironmentD.werethelargestbirdpopulationintheUS25.Theunderlinedwordundoingprobablyreferstothepigeons’______.A.escapeB.ruinC.liberationD.evolution26.Whatwasthemainreasonforpeopletokillpassengerpigeons?A.ToseekpleasurE.B.Tosaveotherbirds.C.Tomakemoney.D.Toprotectcrops.27.WhatcanweinferaboutthelawpassedinMichigan?A.ItwasignoredbythepubliC.B.ItwasdeclaredtoolatE.C.Itwasunfair.D.Itwasstrict.
TodaymanyspeciesofanimalsandplantsareendangereD.Thismeanstheyareindangerofbecomingextinctandlivingononlyinthepagesofhistorybooks.Thefamousdodoisaclassicexampleofacreaturethatbecameextinct.A.flightlessbirdthatlivedontheislandofMauritiusitwasdiscoveredbysailorsin1598butwashuntedtoextinctionby1681.HuntinghascausedtheBengaltigerandtheAfricanelephanttobeendangeredtodaybuthabitatdestructioncanalsoleadtoextinction.Thisisequallytrueforplants.Animalsandplantsdisappearforotherreasonstoobutthemaincauseisoftenadisruption打乱破坏inthenaturalfoodchainwhetherduetohuntinghabitatdestructionoreventheintroductionofalienspecies.Thenaturalfoodchainisthecyclethatgovernstheexistenceofalllifeonthisplanet.Itisacarefullybalancedcycleandanyimbalancethatoccurscancauseknock-oneffectsthathaveseriousconsequences.Atthebeginningofthenaturalfoodchainareplantswhichturnsunlightintoenergyanddrawnutrientsfromtheearth.Plantsarecalledproducers.Aftertheproducerscometheconsumers.Therearethreetiersofconsumers.Firstarecreaturessuchasplant-eatinganimalsfishandinsectswhichfeedofftheproducers.Theseanimalsthatonlyeatplantsarecalledherbivores.Thesecondtierofconsumersarecarnivores-animalsthatliveoffotheranimals.Thethirdtierofconsumerseatsbothotheranimalsandplants.Theseconsumersincludingmosthumansarecalledomnivores.Afteranimalsandplantsdietheybecomefoodforothersmallercreaturessuchasbacteriaandsomeplantssuchasfungi.Astheyfeedthesecreaturesturnthedeadbodiesbackintogasesandmineralswhichareagainfoodfortheproducersatthebeginningofthefoodchain.Andsothecyclecontinues.AllofnatureisconnectedandgovernedbyhundredsofthesedelicatefoodchainsandifasingleplantinthechaincannotsurvivethentheinsectsthatliveofftheplantstarttodieandtheanimalsthateattheinsectsalsostarttodiE.Whenafoodchainisdisruptedtheconsequencescanbeextremelyserious.Oneestimatesuggeststhatforeachplantspeciesthatislostupto30animalsandinsectsmayalsodieout.Onewondershowmanyspecieswereaffectedbytheextinctionofthedodo?Humanscanhavedisastrouseffectsonfoodchains.We'vealreadymentionedhuntingbutnowlet'slookattravel.Whenpeoplefirststartedtoexploretheworldtheytookplantandanimalspeciesfromtheirhomecountriesandintroducedthemwherevertheywent.Theydidn'trealizethatbyintroducingalienspeciestheyweredisruptingthenaturalfoodchainsoftheareastheydiscovereD.Althoughtherearestrictrulesinplacetodaycontrollingtheimportandexportofalienspeciessomeplacesarestillfightingtheeffectsofaliensintroducedhundredsofyearsago.ForexampleGoughIslandintheSouthAtlanticOceanisabreedinggroundforalbatrossesthathavebeennestingthereforcenturies.Butinthe19thcenturymicefrompassingshipswerebroughttotheislanD.Beingaspeciesalientotheislandtheyhadnonaturalpredatorsandhavenowgrowntosuchasizethattheyareattackingandkillingalbatrosschicks.Iftheyareallowedtocontinuetheywillwipeoutthealbatrosspopulation.Withimportlawsandpeople'srisingawarenessofhowhumansaffectthenaturalenvironmenthopefullywecanlearntofitbetterintothenaturalfoodchainsthatgovernourworlD.Otherwiseweneedtoacceptthatthelossofanymoreplantsandanimalscouldeventuallymeanourownextinction.62.Whatdothefirsttwoparagraphsmainlytellus?A.Huntingandhabitatdestructionleadtoextinction.B.ManyspeciesofanimalsandplantsareendangereD.C.Plantsandanimalsbecomeextinctforthesamereasons.D.Themaincauseofextinctionisoftenadisruptioninthenaturalfoodchain.63.WhichofthefollowingsentenceisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A.Strictrulesalonecanremovethebadeffectsofalienspecies.B.Plantsherbivoresandcarnivoresarethethreetiersofconsumers.C.IfabirdbecomesextincttherelevantfoodchainwillbedisrupteD.D.AnimalsandplantsbecomeextinctbecausealienspeciesareimporteD.64.BymentioningthemiceinGoughIslandtheauthorintendstohighlight______.A.miceworldwidearegrowingallthetimeB.beingalienstheyhadnonaturalpredatorsC.someplacesarestillfightingtheeffectsofaliensD.travelingcanhavedisastrouseffectsonfoodchains65.Whatisthebesttitleofthepassage?A.Survivalofthefittest.B.Endangeredanimalsandplants.C.Howtoprotectthenaturalenvironment.D.Thelinkbetweenfoodchainsandextinction.
Theworld’smostpopulartypeofbananaisfacingamajorhealthcrisis.Accordingtoanewstudyadiseasecausedbyapowerfulfungus真菌iskillingthebananawhichaccountsfor99%ofthebananamarketaroundtheglobE.ThediseasecalledTropicalRace4TR4hasaffectedbananacropsinSoutheastAsiafordecades.InrecentyearsithasspreadtotheMiddleEastandtheAfricannation.NowexpertsfearthediseasewillshowupinLatinAmericawherethemajorityoftheworld’sbananasaregrown.OnceabananaplantisinfectedwithTR4itcannotgetnourishmentfromwaterandbasicallydiesofthirst.TR4livesinsoilandcaneasilyattachtoaperson’sboots.IfthebootswiththefungesarethenwornonafieldwherebananasaregrownthediseasecouldbetransferreD.Onceafieldhasbeeninfectedwiththediseaseyoucan’tgrowbananasthereanymorePloetzsays.Thediseaselastsalongtimeinthesoil.Bananasareproducedinmassquantitiesandarepopularamongconsumers.They’rewhatyoubuyinthegrocerystoreandwhatyourmomusestomakeusestomakebananabreadPloetzsay.Consumerslikethewaybananalooksandtestes.ButbananaaresensitivetothisdiseasE.Soonceoneplantgetsinfecteditjustrunslikewildfirethroughoutthatentireplantation.BananashavefacedthiskindofcrisisbeforE.Inthemid-1900sthemostpopularbananaatthetimewasnearlywipedoutbyanearlierversionofTR4.ThesolutiontoaddresstheproblemPloetzsaysistotrytobreedanotherspeciesthatcanresistTR4.Henotesthatwestillhavetimebeforeweneedtoworryaboutthebananadisappearing.25.Whattroublearebananasfacedwith?A.GettingdiseasE.B.Pollutingthesoil.C.LimitedmarketD.Refusedbyconsumers.26.Thebiggestbananagrowingareaintheworldisin_____.A.SoutheastAsiaB.MiddleEastC.AfricaD.LatinAmerica27.Thewaytofightagainstbananacrisisis______.A.toimprovethesoilB.todevelopnewbananasC.todiscoverapowerfulfungusD.toreducethequantityofplantation28.Wecanknowthat______.A.TR4isproducedfrombananasdirectlyandthendestroyssoilB.TR4livesinsoilandharmsaperson’sfootbybananasC.TR4iscreatedfrombootsandtheninfectsbananasD.TR4growsinsoilandinfectsbananasbyboots
Beforethegrasshasthickenedontheroadsideverges边缘andleaveshavestartedgrowingonthetreesisaperfecttimetolookaroundandseejusthowdirtyBritainhasbecomE.Thepavementsarestained污染withchewinggumthathasbeenspatoutandthegutters排水沟arefullofdiscardedfastfoodcartons纸板箱.YearsagoIremembertravellingabroadandbeingsaddenedbytheplasticbagsdiscardedbottlesandsoilednappiesattheedgeofeveryroaD.NowadaysBritainseemstolookatleastasbaD.Whathasgonewrong?TheproblemisthattherubbishcreatedbyourincreasinglymobileliveslastsalotlongerthanbeforE.Ifitisnotclearedupandproperlythrownawayitstaysintheundergrowthforyears;asemi-permanent半永久性的reminderofwhatatatty不整洁的littlecountrywehavenow.Firstlyitisestimatedthat10billionplasticbagshavebeengiventoshoppers.Thesewilltakeanythingfrom100to1000yearstorot.Howeveritisnotasifthereisnosolutiontothis.A.fewyearsagotheIrishgovernmentintroducedataxonnon-recyclablecarrierbagsandinthreemonthsreducedtheiruseby90%.WhenhewasaministerMichaelMeacherattemptedtointroduceasimilararrangementinBritain.TheplasticsindustryprotestedofcoursE.Howevertheyneednothavebothered;theideawaskilledbeforeitcoulddrawbreathleavingsupermarketsfreetogiveawayplasticbags.Whatisclearlynecessaryrightnowissomesortofcombinedinitiative首创精神bothindividualandcollective集体beforeitistoolatE.Thealternativeistocontinueslidingdownhilluntilwehaveacountrythatlookslikeavastmunicipalrubbishtip.Wemaywellbeatthetippingpoint.Yetweknowthatpeoplerespondtotheirenvironment.Ifthingsaroundthemarecleanandtidypeoplebehavecleanlyandtidily.Iftheyaresurroundedbysqualor肮脏的theybehavesqualidly.NowmuchofBritainlooksprettysqualid卑劣的.Whatwillitlooklikeinfiveyears?12.Accordingtothewriterthingsusedtobe.A.badabroaD.B.goodabroaD.C.betterabroaD.D.worsebutnowthingsarebetterabroaD.13.WhenMichaelMeacherwasaministerhe.A.followedtheIrishexamplewithataxonplasticbags.B.triedtofollowtheIrishexamplewithataxonplasticbags.C.madenoattempttofollowtheIrishexamplewithataxonplasticbags.D.hadproblemswiththeplasticsindustrywhoweren'tbotheredaboutthetax.14.Thewriterthinks.A.itistoolatetodoanythingtosolvetheproblem.B.weareatthetippingpointtosolvetheproblem.C.thereisnoalternativetosolvetheproblem.D.weneedtoworktogethertosolvetheproblem.15.Whatcanbeinferredfromthewriter’sopinion?A.peoplearesqualidandtheybehavesqualidly.B.peoplebehaveaccordingtowhattheyseearoundthem.C.peoplearecleanandtidyandbehavecleanlyandtidily.D.peoplearelikeavastmunicipalrubbishtip.
TheOwlCountAnniesleptinthefrontoftheseatwithherfatherdrovethroughthedarkness.We’realmostthere!Dadannouncedcheerfully.Soonwe’llbeobservingandcountingowlsatthestatepark.YawningAnnienoddedandsmileD.Thetimewas4:30A.m.LookingoutintothedarknessAnnierememberedlearninginschoolthatmostowlsareactiveatnightwhentheyhuntforfooD.Duringthedaytheysleepinhard-to-findspots.Dadwhydoyouneedtocountowls?sheaskeD.It’simportantforthescientiststohavecurrentinformationaboutbirdpopulationsheexplaineD.WewanttoknowwhichbirdshavedecreasedinnumberandwhetheranynewkindsofbirdsarecomingintoacertainareA.YouandIwillwritedownthekindsofbirdsthatweseetodayandkeeparecordofhowmanytimesweseeeachkinD.Thenwe’llsendoutareporttoascientificorganizationthatiscollectingaboutbirdsfrompeoplealloverthecountry.Dadpulledintotheparkinglotofthestatepark.Thenwithflashinginhandtheybegantheirhikeintothewoods.Anniezippeduphercoatandtriedtokeepfromtrembling.ShehadnotexpectedthemorningtobesocolD.Luckilyhergloveswereinherpocket.SuddenlyAnnie’sfatherstoppedandgesturedforhertobestill.ObeyingAnniedidnottakeanotherstep.ShethoughtsheheardalowcryingupheaD.That’scertainlyascreechowlherfatherwhispereD.Let’sgetalookatit.AfterlookingmorecloselyAnniecouldseethatitwasasmallowl.Sensingdangertheowlnarroweditseyesandpulleditsfeatherstightlyagainstitsbody.Anniecarefullywrotedowninhernotebookthattheyhadseenascreechowl.WalkingalittlefarthertheycametoatalloaktreE.ThislookslikeaperfectspottoattractowlsDadsaidI’mgoingtoplayarecordingofcommoncallofthebarredowl.Maybewecangetonetoanswer.’Anniecouldhardlybelieveherear.TherecordedcallsoundedasifthebirdwereaskingWhocooksforyou?MomentslaterAnniethoughtsheheardareturncallinthedistancE.SheheldherbreathandwaiteD.Suddenlyahugebirdlandedveryquietlyonabranchabovethem.Anniehadlongforgottenhowcolditwas.Shestoodinwondershiningherflashlightonthebirdandstudyingitcarefully.Thebarredowlwasnearlytwofeettall.Greyfeatherssurroundeditsdarkeyes.Thebirddidnotstaylongbutitdidnotmatter.Anniewouldneverforgettheimageofthepowerfulbarredowl.25.WhydidAnnieandherfathergotothestatepark?A.Totakeahikeinthewoods.B.Torecordthecallofbarredowl.C.Tocollectinformationaboutbirds.D.ToprotecttheenvironmentforwildlifE.26.Inparagraph4whydidAnnie’sfatherstophersuddenly?A.Henoticedascreechowl.B.Heheardsomebodycrying.C.Hesensedtheywereindanger.D.HeremindedhertotakedownnotE.27.HowdidAnniefeelwhenshesawthebarredowl?A.BoredB.AmazedC.FrightenedD.Relaxed
TodaymanyspeciesofanimalsandplantsareendangereD.Thismeanstheyareindangerofbecomingextinctandlivingononlyinthepagesofhistorybooks.Thefamousdodoisaclassicexampleofacreaturethatbecameextinct.A.flightlessbirdthatlivedontheislandofMauritiusitwasdiscoveredbysailorsin1598butwashuntedtoextinctionby1681.HuntinghascausedtheBengaltigerandtheAfricanelephanttobeendangeredtodaybuthabitatdestructioncanalsoleadtoextinction.Thisisequallytrueforplants.Animalsandplantsdisappearforotherreasonstoobutthemaincauseisoftenadisruption打乱破坏inthenaturalfoodchainwhetherduetohuntinghabitatdestructionoreventheintroductionofalienspecies.Thenaturalfoodchainisthecyclethatgovernstheexistenceofalllifeonthisplanet.Itisacarefullybalancedcycleandanyimbalancethatoccurscancauseknock-oneffectsthathaveseriousconsequences.Atthebeginningofthenaturalfoodchainareplantswhichturnsunlightintoenergyanddrawnutrientsfromtheearth.Plantsarecalledproducers.Aftertheproducerscometheconsumers.Therearethreetiersofconsumers.Firstarecreaturessuchasplant-eatinganimalsfishandinsectswhichfeedofftheproducers.Theseanimalsthatonlyeatplantsarecalledherbivores.Thesecondtierofconsumersarecarnivores-animalsthatliveoffotheranimals.Thethirdtierofconsumerseatsbothotheranimalsandplants.Theseconsumersincludingmosthumansarecalledomnivores.Afteranimalsandplantsdietheybecomefoodforothersmallercreaturessuchasbacteriaandsomeplantssuchasfungi.Astheyfeedthesecreaturesturnthedeadbodiesbackintogasesandmineralswhichareagainfoodfortheproducersatthebeginningofthefoodchain.Andsothecyclecontinues.AllofnatureisconnectedandgovernedbyhundredsofthesedelicatefoodchainsandifasingleplantinthechaincannotsurvivethentheinsectsthatliveofftheplantstarttodieandtheanimalsthateattheinsectsalsostarttodiE.Whenafoodchainisdisruptedtheconsequencescanbeextremelyserious.Oneestimatesuggeststhatforeachplantspeciesthatislostupto30animalsandinsectsmayalsodieout.Onewondershowmanyspecieswereaffectedbytheextinctionofthedodo?Humanscanhavedisastrouseffectsonfoodchains.We'vealreadymentionedhuntingbutnowlet'slookattravel.Whenpeoplefirststartedtoexploretheworldtheytookplantandanimalspeciesfromtheirhomecountriesandintroducedthemwherevertheywent.Theydidn'trealizethatbyintroducingalienspeciestheyweredisruptingthenaturalfoodchainsoftheareastheydiscovereD.Althoughtherearestrictrulesinplacetodaycontrollingtheimportandexportofalienspeciessomeplacesarestillfightingtheeffectsofaliensintroducedhundredsofyearsago.ForexampleGoughIslandintheSouthAtlanticOceanisabreedinggroundforalbatrossesthathavebeennestingthereforcenturies.Butinthe19thcenturymicefrompassingshipswerebroughttotheislanD.Beingaspeciesalientotheislandtheyhadnonaturalpredatorsandhavenowgrowntosuchasizethattheyareattackingandkillingalbatrosschicks.Iftheyareallowedtocontinuetheywillwipeoutthealbatrosspopulation.Withimportlawsandpeople'srisingawarenessofhowhumansaffectthenaturalenvironmenthopefullywecanlearntofitbetterintothenaturalfoodchainsthatgovernourworlD.Otherwiseweneedtoacceptthatthelossofanymoreplantsandanimalscouldeventuallymeanourownextinction.62.Whatdothefirsttwoparagraphsmainlytellus?A.Huntingandhabitatdestructionleadtoextinction.B.ManyspeciesofanimalsandplantsareendangereD.C.Plantsandanimalsbecomeextinctforthesamereasons.D.Themaincauseofextinctionisoftenadisruptioninthenaturalfoodchain.63.WhichofthefollowingsentenceisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A.Strictrulesalonecanremovethebadeffectsofalienspecies.B.Plantsherbivoresandcarnivoresarethethreetiersofconsumers.C.IfabirdbecomesextincttherelevantfoodchainwillbedisrupteD.D.AnimalsandplantsbecomeextinctbecausealienspeciesareimporteD.64.BymentioningthemiceinGoughIslandtheauthorintendstohighlight______.A.miceworldwidearegrowingallthetimeB.beingalienstheyhadnonaturalpredatorsC.someplacesarestillfightingtheeffectsofaliensD.travelingcanhavedisastrouseffectsonfoodchains65.Whatisthebesttitleofthepassage?A.Survivalofthefittest.B.Endangeredanimalsandplants.C.Howtoprotectthenaturalenvironment.D.Thelinkbetweenfoodchainsandextinction.
A.newstudybythePewResearchCentershowsthatthenumberofdadswhochoosetostayhomeandcarefortheirchildrenandfamilieshasquadrupled成为四倍overthepast25years.Cansocialandeconomicfactorsexplainthechange?Makenomistake;fatherswhoaretheprimarycaregiverfortheirchildrenarefarfromthenorm.Infacttheyareonly16%ofallstay-at-homeparents.butthatnumberisupfrom10%since1989.WhenpewstartedanalyzingdatA.ThesteadygrowthsincethensuggeststhatthesenumbersrepresentagrowingtrenD.It’supfrom1.1millionto2millionsaysGretchenLivingstononeofthestudyauthors.Moresignificantlythenumberofmanwhosaytheystayathomespeciallytotakecareoftheirhomeandchildrenisatanall-timehighmorethanfourtimestherateoffatherswhogavethatsameanswerin1989.Aswomenhavetakenonmorehigh-payingcareerstheassumptionthatthey’llstayhomewiththechildrenhasbecomelessautomatiC.MywifeandIwereearningaboutthesameincomeatthetimejustafterourdaughterwasborn.WefeltthatifsomeonewasgoingtoraiseourchildrenitwouldhavetobeoneofussaysAlWattsthepresidentofthenationalAt-HomeDadNetwork.MywifewaspromotedshortlyaftershegotbackfrommaternityleaveandthatriseinpaywouldallowustoliveononeincomE.In198910%offatherswerestay-at-homeparents.In201416%arE.Fourteenpercentofthefatherswithoutahighschooldiplomastayathomecomparedto3%ofthosewithacollegedegreE.In1989morethanhalf56%ofdadswhostayedathomecited引用illnessordisabilityassthetopreason.Thirty-fivepercentcitethatreasonnow.Only5%ofstay-at-homedadsin1989saidcaringforfamilywasthemainreasonforstayingathomE.Nowthatnumberis21%.Theriseinstay-at-homedadscoincideswithachangeinsocialandeconomictrendsregardingwomenintheworkforcesaysFarnooshTorabiauthorofWhenSheMakesMorE.Weknowthatbeforetheyevengetmarriedwomenareout-earningandout-earningmenshesaysnotingthatyoungerwomenarenowgettingmoredegreesandbetterpayingjobsonaveragethanmen.61.Theunderlinedsentenceinthesecondparagraphmeansthat________.A.therearenotenoughstay-at-homedadsB.beingstay-at-homedadsisatrendnowC.stay-at-homedadsarestillintheminorityD.stay-at-homedadsaremakingamistakendecision62.WhatimpressesGretchenLivingstonmostaccordingtoparagraph3?A.Thetotalnumberofstay-at-homedads.B.Thepurposeofbecomingstay-at-homedads.C.Thequickincreaseinthenumberofstay-at-homedads.D.Thereasonforthewideacceptanceofstay-at-homedads.63.WhatmadeAlWattsdecidetobecomeastay-at-homedad?A.Hisbeingoutofwork.B.Hismakingmoremoney.C.Hiswife’swageincreasE.D.Hiswife’sencouragement.64.InFarnooshTorabi’sopiniontheriseinstay-at-homedadsresultsfrom_________.A.theterribleeconomicenvironmentB.theriseinwomen’seconomicstatusC.theever-increasingcostofraisingchildrenD.thechangeofmen’sattitudetowardsfamily
ArecentsurveyintheUnitedStatesshowedthattheaveragefamilyspentmoremoneyonitspetsthanonitschildren.Althoughrathershockingitshouldnotsurpriseanyonewhohasseenthedoggyparlors客厅wherelovedpetsrest.AreAmericansuniqueintreatingtheirlittlefriendsinthisway?NotheEnglishtoopaymoreattentiontotheirpets.ThiscanclearlybeseenwhenwelookatpetfoodswhichoftencontainmorevitaminsthanhumanfooD.Theycertainlycostmuch.LastyeartheBritishpublicspenttwohundredmillionpoundsonpetfoodalonetosaynothingofveterinarybillsoranimalfurniturE.ItisdifficultnottofeelangryaboutthiswhenconsideringwhatthesameamountcoulddoforvictimsofstarvationandpovertysoitisnotunusualformetogethotundercollarwhenIreadanoldmanleftallhismoneytohisdoginsteadofhischildren.ThereareavarietyofreasonswhyIfindpets-raisingalarming.Theycausephysicalproblems.AnexampleofthisisNewYorkwheretheyhavegreatdifficultygettingridofthemessthatdogsleaveonthestreets.Manypeoplefindthisfunnybutinanumberoflargecitiesitisamajorproblem.Animalscancausediseasetoo.Itisthethreatofrabies—adiseasewithnoknowncurE.Anotherproblemisthecarelessnessofpetowners.MostlittlechildrenwantadogoracatandtheycontinuallypushtheirmothersandfathersuntiltheygetonE.ItisonlywhenthesweetlittlethinghasbeenbroughthomethattheparentsrealizehowmuchtimeandmoneymustbespentonRoverorBonzo.Thentheyjustabandonit.AsaresulttheyareallowedtorunfreE.Englishfarmerslosehundredsofsheepayearkilledbysomeone’spetandyoumusthavereadofchildrenbeinghurtbysomepetsoftheirown.LastlyIwouldonlysuggestthatwehavegotourprioritieswrongandthatsomethingshouldbedoneaboutit.Inmyviewit’stimewestoppedbeingsentimentalaboutpets.Icanseenoreasonwhyweshouldgetupsetwhenanimalsarecutupformedicalexperiments.ThiswillleadustodiscoveringcuresforserioushumandiseasesthenIsaykeepcutting!32.Thedoggyparlorsarementionedinthe1stparagraphtoshow___.A.whereAmericanskeeptheirpetsB.whatcostlylivesthepetsarelivingC.whychildrenlovetheirpetssomuchD.howmuchpetsdependontheirmasters33.Inthesecondparagraphtogethotunderthecollarprobablymeans___.A.gettingquitehotB.feelingoverwhelminglyangryC.becomingexcitedD.receivingafashionableshirt34.Accordingtotheauthorinwhichfieldcananimalsbemostuseful?A.Pet.B.FooD.C.MedicinE.D.Sports.35.Whatisauthor’sattitudetowardspets-raising?A.Pitiful.B.Neutral.C.OpposeD.D.SupportivE.
Theworldofwearabletechnologyhasbeenquietlygrowing.Theyear2015couldbetheyearwhenwearablegadgetstrulybecomeamainstream.Let’stakealookatsomeofthem.ShoesAnIndiancompanyDucereTechnologieshascreatedapairofshoescalledLechal.TheycandirectyouthroughthebusiestcityorthemostremotecountrysidE.TheyworkbyusingBluetoothtoconnectwithaphoneapp.Afteryou’veenteredthedestinationyouwanttogotoonyourphonetheshoesdirectyoubyvibratingeithertheleftorrightfoottotellyouwhichwayyoushouldturn.TheinsolesoftheshoescanberemovedandplacedintoapairofyourchoicE.Thismaybethestartofanewkindofhigh-techfootwear.HeadwearClippedontoyourheadbandorontoyourT-shirtRun-n-ReadtracksyourheadmovementsandthenmovesthetextonthescreenofyouriPadorotherreadingdevicesinrealtimetoalwaysbeinsyncwithyoureyes.Thoughapersonstandingnearbycanseethetextjumpingupanddownforyouthetextappearsperfectlystill.Yourheadmovesbutthewordsdonot.Run-n-Readalsocomeswithitsowngesturerecognitionsystem.SimplytapthedeviceoncetoturnthepageforwardortaptwicetogobackapagE.GetreadyforanenjoyablereadingexperienceonthemovE.BraceletsFitBitwillstealtheshow抢出风头in2015withitstwonewfitnesstrackerstheFitBitSurgeandtheFitBitChargeHR.ThehighlightoftheChargeHRisthatitmonitorsheartratecontinuouslyevenduringsleepwhichissomethingmostheartrate-enabledfitnessbandsdon’tdo.ItcanalsoworkasawatchtotellthetimE.LookingmorelikeasmartwatchtheSurgehasanLEDtouchdisplayscreen.Thisallowsyoutocontrolyoursmartphoneandseewhoiscallingormessagingyou.Italsohaseightdifferentsensorsandcanrecordactivitiesindifferentsports.33.WhatcanLechaldoaccordingtothepassage?A.DirectyoutosomeplacE.B.Dialthenumberforyou.C.HelpyoureadthetextmessagE.D.Monitoryourheartrateforhealth.34.Run-n-Readisakindofequipmentthat.A.tracksyourmovementsthroughT-shirtsB.canwakeyouupandtellyouthetimeC.usesagesturerecognitionsystemD.protectsyoureyesfrompotentialdamage35.Whatdothethreewearablegadgetshaveincommon?A.Theyareinthepossessionofabigcompany.B.Theyhavesoldverywellinthelastfewyears.C.Theyareconsideredtogainpopularityin2015.D.Theywillmakethecompanyearnmuchmoney.
Thenumberofpeoplehidingtheiridentitywhilesurfingthewebhasriseninthepastyear.ResearchshowsthatthelevelofencryptedinternetactivityhasrisendramaticallyacrosstheworldsuggestingthatmillionsofpeoplehavebeguntousesoftwarethathideswhotheyarewhileaccessingtheweB.AccordingtoSandvinethetechnologynetworkingcompanyhiddeninternettrafficinpeakhoursinEuropehasbeenupto6.1percentofallwebactivitiescomparedwithabout1.5percentayearearlier.InNorthAmericaencryptedtrafficwentupto3.8percentfrom2.3percentayearearlierwhileinLatinAmericaitjumpedtoalmost10.4percentfrom1.8percent.Expertssaidthatthechangesinonlinebehaviorweretheresultofexposure曝光aboutwidespreadinternetspyingbyintelligenceagenciessuchasthatexposedbyEdwardSnowdentheUSNationalSecurityAgencywhistleblower.ItwillbeinterestingtoseehowthesetrendsdevelopsaidErnestoVanderSarthepen-nameusedbytheeditor-in-chiefofTorrentfreak.comthewebsitethatfirstreportedthefigures.Inanycaseit’sclearthatinternetservicesandtheirusersarebecomingmoreawareoftheirprivacyonlinewhichisgenerallyagooddevelopment.LastweekSirTimBerners-LeetheBritishinventorofthewebdefendedtherightofagenciestospyontheinternetforlawenforcement强制实施.HesaidWehavetofigureouthowtobalancethatagainstrights.28.ThewordencryptedinParagraphTwohastheclosestmeaningwith______.A.falseB.hiddenC.cheatingD.changed29.Whichareahasseenthelargestriseinencryptedinternetactivity?A.EuropE.B.NorthAmericA.C.LatinAmericA.D.EasternAsiA.30.Whydomorepeoplehidetheiridentitywhilesurfingtheweb?A.Tocheatothers.B.Tohavemorefun.C.Tofollowthefashion.D.Topreventtheirprivacybeingspiedon.31.What’sSirTimBerners-Lee’sopiniononsomeagencies’spyingontheinternet?A.It’sillegal.B.It’stotallyright.C.It’sagainsthumanrights.D.It’sacceptabletosomedegreE.
Ingeneralpeopletalkabouttwogroupsofcolors:warmcolorsandcoolcolors.Thewarmcolorsareredorangeandyellow.WheretherearewarmcolorsandalotoflightpeopleusuallywanttobeactivE.Thecoolcolorsaregreenblueandviolet.Thesecolorsunlikewarmcolorsarerelaxing.Wheretherearecoolcolorspeopleareusuallyquiet.PeoplewholiketospendtimealoneoftenpreferbluE.Redmaybeexcitingbutoneresearchersaysthattimeseemstopassmoreslowlyinaroomwithwarmcolorsthaninaroomwithcoolcolors.Hesuggeststhatawarmcolorsuchasredororangeisagoodcolorforalivingroomorrestaurant.Peoplewhoarerelaxingoreatingdonotwanttimetopassquickly.Coolcolorsarebetterforofficesorfactoriesifthepeoplewhoareworkingtherewanttimetopassquickly.Perhapswarmcolorsremindpeopleofwarmdaysandthecoolcolorsremindthemofcooldays.Peopleassociatecolorswithdifferentobjectsfeelingsandholidays.Peoplesayredisanexcitingandactivecolor.Theyassociateredwithastrongfeelinglikeanger.RedisusedforsignsofdangersuchasSTOPsignsandfireengines.TheholidaywhichisassociatedwithredisValentine’sDay.Orangeisthebrightwarmcolorofleavesinautumn.Peoplesayorangeisalivelyenergeticcolor.Theyassociateorangewithhappiness.TheholidayswhichareassociatedwithorangeareHalloweeninOctoberandThanksgivingDayinNovember.Whiteisthecolorofsnow.Peopledescribewhiteasapurecleancolor.Theyassociatewhitewithabrightcleanfeeling.Ontheotherhandblackisthecolorofnight.Peoplewearblackclothesatseriousorformalceremonies.Yellowisthecolorofsunlight.Peoplesayitisacheerfulandlivelycolor.Greenisthecoolcolorofgrassinspring.Peoplesayitisarefreshingandrelaxingcolor.Machinesinfactoriesareusuallypaintedlightgreen.BlueisthecoloroftheskywaterandicE.PoliceandNavyuniformsarebluE.WhenpeoplearesadtheysayIfeelbluE.Theyassociatebluewithfeelingslikeunhappinessandfear.Iftwoobjectsarethesameexceptforcolortheywilllookdifferent.Colorcanmakeanobjectlooknearerorfartherlargerorsmaller.Brightobjectslooklargerthandarkobjects.InconclusioncolorisveryimportanttopeoplE.Warmandcoolcolorsaffecthowpeoplefeel.Peoplechooseproductsbycolor.Moreovercoloraffectshowanobjectlooks.Itisevenpossiblethatyourfavoritecolortellsalotaboutyou.32.Thepeoplewhopreferwarmcolorsusuallyare________.A.quietB.energeticC.angryD.relaxing33.Thefactthatonefamilypaintsthelivingroomasunnyyellowsuggests________.A.peoplewanttobequietB.peoplewanttosleepslowlyC.peoplewanttimetopassmoreslowlyD.peopleassociatecolorswithholidays34.Whydodoctorsandnursesnormallywearwhiteuniforms?A.Becausewhitemeanspureandclean.B.Becausewhitemeansseriousorformal.C.Becausetheylikethecolourofsnow.D.Becausetheylikewearinguniforms.35.Wemaylearnfromthetextthatfatpeoplewhowanttolookslimmershouldwear________clothes.A.blueB.darkC.whiteD.yellow
AGoodNight'sSteepSleepplaysavitalroleingoodhealthandwell-beingthroughoutyourlifE.Whileyou'resleepingyourbrainisformingnewpathwaystohelpyoulearnandrememberinformation.Althoughweallknowtheimportanceofgettingagoodnight'ssleepnotallofusknowthebestwayofgettingit.A.sleepexpertPhilAthertongavesometoptipsforgettingthemostoutofthenightwhichwillleaveyoureadyforactioninthemorning.AccordingtoPhilAthertonnoteatingalargemealbeforebedtimeisimportantforgettingagoodnight'ssleep.Thetimedifferencebetweeneatingandsleepingshouldbeatleastthreehours.Soyou'dbetteravoideatinganyfoodthreehoursbeforebedasitwillloweryourbloodsugarduringsleepandhelpminimizedamagefromtoomuchsugarfloatingarounD.It'salsoimportanttofindwaystoprepareyourbodyforsleep.Youcanfollowaroutineliketryingnottoexposeyourselftotoomuchartificiallightwithin1hourbeforebedasyourbrainuseslighttohelpsetinternalbodyclock.Althoughitmightseemunnaturaltoscheduleyoursleepthepurposeistosendasignaltoyourbodyandmindthatit'stimetosleep.AnotherwaytoprepareyourbodyforsleepistogetintoarelaxedstatebytakingabathorlisteningtosoftmusiC.Bothofthemwillhelptotakethemindoffthedaytimepressures.Havingasuitablebedespeciallyasuitablemattress床垫isnecessaryforagoodnight'ssleep.Sleepisapersonalizedactivityandwealladoptdifferentsleepingpositions.Findingthemattressthatsuitsyouwillreducebackpainsthatcanresultfromapoorsleepingposition.ThebedshouldbefourtosixincheslongerthanitstallestuserallowingforspacetomovearounD.Therecentresearchisprettyclearthatagoodnight'ssleepinamajorcomponentofgoodhealth.Sincethestartofthe21stcenturystudieshavelinkedalackofsleeptomanydiseasessuchasdiabetesandobesity.Takingactionnowwillleadtolong-termbenefitsforyouandthosearoundyou.28.Whatdoestheauthorintendtotellusinthepassage?A.Whentostartasoundsleep.B.Howtogetagoodnight'ssleep.C.Whattodowithsleepproblems.D.Whytoformagoodhabitofsleeping.29.Accordingtotheauthorbeforegoingtosleepyou'dbetter__________.A.recordyourbiologicalclockB.checkyourbloodsugarC.relieveyourpaininthebackD.freeyourselffromtension30.WhatdoestheunderlinedworditinParagraph2referto?A.NoteatingfooD.B.Takingameal.C.Noteatingalargemeal.D.Havingagoodsleep.31.Whichofthefollowingshowstheorganizationofthepassage?CP:CentralPointP:PointSp:Sub-point次要点C:Conclusion
Startingthedayonaneggcouldkeepyourbloodpressure血压undercontrolresearchsuggests.Scientistshaveshownthateggsproduceproteinswithafunctionsimilartothatofpowerfulbloodpressureloweringdrugs.TheresearchfromtheUniversityofAlbertainCanadashowedthatwheneggscomeincontactwithstomachenzymes酶theyproduceaproteinthatactsinthesamewayasACEinhibitorsusedtotreatheartdiseasebutmoreworkisneededtoshowtheeffectsoutsidealabandinthehumanbody.EarlierthismonthBritishresearchersdeclaredthatoppositetopopularbeliefsitishealthytogotoworkonanegg.Theyconcludedthatthetypeofcholesterol胆固醇foundineggshaslittleeffectonincreasingheartdiseaserisks.ResearcherProfessorBruceGriffinfromtheUniversityofSurreysaidThewrongbeliefslinkingeggeatingtohighbloodcholesterolandheartdiseasemustbecorrecteD.Theamountoffatinourdiethasaneffectonbloodcholesterolthatisseveraltimesgreaterthantherelativelysmallamountsofcholesterolfoundineggs.TheUKpublicdonotneedtobelimitingthenumberofeggstheyeat.Theycanbeencouragedtoincludetheminahealthydietastheyareoneofnature'smostnutritiousfoods.TheBritishHeartFoundationhasdroppeditsthreeeggaweeklimit.HoweveralmosthalfofBritonsbelievethelimitstillapplies.32.FromthetextweknowthatACEinhibitorsare______.A.akindofproteinB.akindofillnessC.akindofmedicineD.akindoffood33.AccordingtowhatProfessorBrucesaideggs______.A.arethemostnutritiousfoodB.canbeincludedinahealthydietC.havenoeffectonbloodcholesterolD.areforbiddentobeeatenintheUK34.Wecaninferfromthetextthat________.A.drugstolowerbloodpressurewillbereplacedbyeatingeggsB.stomachenzymesmixedwitheggscancureheartdiseasesC.thereisrelativelyquitealittlecholesterolfoundineggsD.about50%ofBritonsthinkeatinganeggadayisbadfortheirhealth35.Thetextismeant______.A.tointroducescientificfindingsabouteggsB.toreportamedicinemadefromeggsC.totellpeoplehowtolowertheirbloodpressureD.toadvisepeopletoeatasmanyeggsaspossible
Honeybeescandothreekindsofjobs.ItisoneofthemostunusualinsectsintheworlD.Beesarespecialbecausetheydivideuptheirhoneybeework.Eachbeehasacertainjobtodo.Thebusiestbeeistheworker.WorkersbuildthenestcalledahivE.Insidethehiveworkersmakeahoneycombfromwax蜂蜡.TheystorehoneythereforfooD.WorkersarealwayscleaningandfixingthehivE.TheyevenstandattheopeningandfantheirwingstocoolthehivE.Workerbeeswillattackanything—evenpeople—tokeeptheirhivesafE.Anotherkindofbeeisthedrone雄蜂.Dronesaremalebeesandtheirjobistoflywiththequeenbeeandmatewithher.Afterthequeenmatestheworkerbeesdrivethedronesaway.Thedronesthenstarvetodeath.Thethirdkindofbeeisthequeen.Eachhiveneedsonlyonequeenandherjobislayingeggs.Shecanlayasmanyas2000eggsaday.25.Thebee’snestiscalleda_______.A.dronE.B.honeycomB.C.hivE.D.wax.26.Waxisusedtomakethe_______.A.nest.B.honeycomB.C.fan.D.hivE.27.Whichjobsdoworkersdo?A.Theylay2000eggseachdayandbuildanest.B.TheymatewiththequeenbeeandthenstarvE.C.Theycleanthehiveandkeepitcool.D.TheyattackthequeenbeE.28.Accordingtothestorybees_______.A.areverydangerousinsects.B.willattackanythingoranyonetoprotectthehiveifnecessary.C.arelikeanyotherinsectthatflies.D.eateachotherasfooD.
Wecertainlyknowthatouruniverseexistsbutthisknowledgealonehasnotsatisfiedhuman’slongsearchforfurtherunderstanding.Ourcuriosityhasledustoquestionourplaceinthisuniverseandeventheplaceoftheuniverseitself.Throughout贯穿timewehaveaskedourselvesthesequestions:Howdidouruniversebegin?Howoldisouruniverse?Howdidmattercometoexist?Obviouslythesearenotsimplequestions.Throughoutourbriefhistoryonthisplanetmuchtimeandefforthasbeenspentlookingforsomeclue线索.Yetafterallthisenergyhasbeenusedupmuchofwhatweknowisstillonlyspeculation推测.HoweverwehavecomealongwayfromthebeginningsofthestudyofcosmologyandtheoriginsoftheuniversE.Throughtheunderstandingsofmodernsciencewehavebeenabletoprovidefirmtheoriesforsomeoftheanswersthatweoncecalledspeculation.Truetothenatureofsciencemostoftheseanswershaveonlyledtomoreinterestingandcomplex复杂的questions.Itwillbeimpossibletodealwithallofthequestionsaboutthecreationofeverythingthatweknowasrealityinthisshortpassagebutanattemptwillbemadetodealwithcertainbasicquestionsofourbeing.Itwillbeimportanttokeepinmindthatallofthisinformationisoftenbeingquestionedandreevaluated再评估inordertounderstandtheuniversemoreclearly.ForourpurposesthroughanexaminationofwhatisknownabouttheBigBangitselfandtheageoftheuniversewebelievethatwecanbegintoanswerseveralofthesekeyquestions.54.Wecaninferfromthefirstparagraphthat________.A.humanbeingsneedn’thavetriedtoknowabouttheuniverseB.humanbeingshavenoabilitytoknowabouttheuniverseatallC.CuriosityhashelpedhumanbeingstoknowtheuniversewellD.Itisdifficultforhumanbeingstoknowtheuniverseverywell55.Accordingtothepassage________helpspeopleanswersomecomplexquestions.A.curiosityB.scienceC.speculationD.history56.AccordingtothepassagewhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?A.Wewillfindtheanswerstoallthequestionsabouttheuniversesoon.B.MuchworkneedstobedonetoknowmoreabouttheuniversE.C.SomeofthespeculationsabouttheuniversehaveprovedtruE.D.TheBigBangisaveryimportanttheorytoknowabouttheuniversE.
CancersCellsinourbodiesarealwaysdividingasnewcellsreplaceoldones.36Cancercellsdividerapidlyandformgrowthscalledtumours肿瘤.Theycanspreadtotakeoverawholeorganandstopitworkingproperly.Ifcellsbreakawayfromthetumourtheycantraveltootherpartsofthebodyandstartnewtumours.Wedonotknowwhysomepeoplegetcancerwhileothersdon’t.Butfaultygenesarecertainlythecauseofsomecancers.Othersarecausedbychemicalsintheenvironment.CancerisnotasinglediseasE.37Themostcommontypesaffectthedigestivesystemandlungs.Inwomencancersofthebreastsandcervix子宫颈arealsocommon.Smokingisthecauseofalmostallcasesoflungcancer.Tobaccosmokecontainschemicalswhichcandamagethelungs.Themorecigarettesapersonsmokesthegreatertheirriskofsufferingfromlungcancer.38Cancersoftheskinarealsoquitecommon.Manytypesofradiationespeciallyultravioletrays紫外线fromtheSuncandamageskincellsandcausecancer.Mostcancerscanbetreatedsuccessfullyiftheyarecaughtearlyenough.Sometreatmentsinvolvesurgerytoremovethetumour.Thisisoftenfollowedbyacourseofstrongdrugs.39Theykillhealthycellsaswellascancercells.Inthemostup-to-datetreatmentsdrugsaredelivereddirectlytothecancercellsusingmagicbullets.Thesearespecialantibodieswhichonlyattachthemselvestocancercells.Similarlyradiotherapy放射疗法isatypeofcancertreatmentwhichusesradiationtokillcancercells.A.narrowbean光线ofradiationisfocuseddirectlyatatumour.40A.MostskincancersarecompletelycurablE.B.AndthehealthycellsnearbyarenotdamageD.C.Manyofthesedrugshaveunpleasantside-effects.D.AnX-rayofthelungsshowsthepositionofatumour.E.Differentcancerscanaffectalmostanypartofthebody.F.ButsometimestheprocessgoeswrongandacancercellisformeD.G.Fortunatelytheriskofgettingcancerisreducedwhensomeonestopssmoking.
It’sthemomentUFOfanshavebeenwaitingfor—theCIAhashand-selectedsomeformerlytop-secretfilesandphotosto‘prove’aliensexist.Sadlyforalienfansthefilesareabitlackinginalienbodiesandcrashedflyingsaucers飞碟butthey’reafascinatinginsightintotheheightofthe‘flyingsaucer’erA.TheCIAreleasedthefiles—seeminglytocoincidewith一致thenewX-Filesepisodes—causingdisbeliefonUFOwebsites.OnereportentitledFlyingSaucersanddated1August1952saysLessthan100reasonablycrediblereportsremain‘unexplainable’atthistimE.ItisrecommendedthatCIAsurveillance监视becontinueD.ItisstronglyurgedhoweverthatnoreportsofCIAinterestorconcernreachthepressorpubliC.TheCIAsaidWe’vedecidedtohighlightafewdocumentsbothskepticsandbelieverswillfindinteresting.BelowyouwillfindfivedocumentswethinkX-FilescharacterAgentFoxMulderwouldlovetousetotryandpersuadeothersoftheexistenceofalienactivity.SuchdocumentsoftenprovedisappointingtohardcoreUFOFansaccordingtooneexpert.NigelWatsonauthoroftheUFOInvestigationsManualsaidlastyearAtleast10000UFOreportscollectedbytheUSProjectBlueBookhavebeenputonlineandmanyothergovernmentshavereleasedtheirUFOfiles.SowehaveanembarrassmentofrichesyetthesehavebeenlargelyignoredbyUFOresearchersyettheycouldprovidelotsofinformationabouttypesofsightingsandtheirpatternsovertimeandplacE.56.WhydidtheauthorsaysuchdocumentsoftenprovedisappointingtohardcoreUFOFansA.Thealiensinthedocumentsareactuallynotmysterious.B.Thecontentinthefileshasalreadybeenrevealedearlier.C.Thefilesareabitlackinginalienbodiesandcrashedflyingsaucers.D.ThedocumentsareprovedtobefakedandhavenothingtodowithUFO.57.What’sNOTtrueaboutthefiles?A.It’scertainthatCIAwillcontinueitssurveillancE.B.Nopowerfulproofprovestheexistenceofaliens.C.PeoplehavedoubtaboutthefilesonUFOwebsites.D.It’sdifficulttofigureoutwhatthealiensaucersandbodypartsexactlyarE.58.ThepassageismostlyapartofA.newsB.storyC.fashionmagazineD.fiction
CellphonesIsthereacancerlink?WorryingaboutthepossibilitythatphonespowerlinesandWi-Ficouldberesponsibleforarangeofillnessesfromrashes疹子tobraintumors.Somesaythereisevidencetosupportthegrowinganxieties.DavidCarpenteraprofessorofenvironmentalhealthsciencesattheuniversityatAlbanyinNewYorkthinksthere’sagreaterthan95percentchancethatpowerlinescancausechildhoodleukemiaakindofblooddisease.Alsothere’sagreaterthan90percentchancethatcellphonescancausebraintumors.It’sclearnowthatthere’sarealrisksaidCarpenter.Butothersbelievetheseworriescausedbysomeexperts’warningsarenotjustified验证.DrMarthaLinetheadofradiationepidemiology流行病学attheUSNationalCancerInstitutehaslookedatthesameresearchasCarpenterbuthasreachedadifferentconclusion.Idon’tsupportwarninglabelsforcellphonessaidLinet.Wedon’thavetheevidencethatthere’smuchdanger.StudiessofarsuggestaweakconnectionbetweenEMFs电磁场andillness—soweakthatitmightnotexistatall.Amultinationalinvestigationofcellphonesandbraincancerin13countriesoutsidetheUShasbeenunderwayforseveralyears.It’sfundedprovidemoneyinpartbytheEuropeanUnioninpartbyacellphoneindustrygroup.Thefinalreportshouldcomeoutlaterthisyearbutdatasofardon’tsuggestastronglinkbetweencellphoneuseandcancerrisk.25.Fromthepassagewecanlearnthatsomepeopleareworriedbecause________.A.theyhaveevidencethattheuseofcellphonescanleadtocancerB.theyfeelsurprisedandalarmedaboutcellphoneuseC.someexpertshavegivenwarningsD.cellphonesareresponsibleforbraintumors26.BysayingIdon’tsupportwarninglabelsforcellphonesDrMarthaLinetthinksthat_______.A.theconnectionbetweencell-phonesandcancerhasnotbeenproved.B.cancer—warninglabelsshouldbeoncellphonesC.thereisalinkbetweencellphonesandcancerD.cellphoneshavenothingtodowithcanceratall.27.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribestheattitudeoftheauthortowardsthedebate?A.Optimistic.B.Objective.C.Opposite.D.Hopeless
Areyousometimesalittletiredandsleepyintheearlyafternoon?Manypeoplefeelthiswayafterlunch.Theymaythinkthateatinglunchisthecauseofthesleepiness.Orinsummertheymaythinkitistheheat.Howevertherealreasonliesinsidetheirbodies.Atthattime—abouteighthoursafteryouwakeup—yourbodytemperaturegoesdown.Thisiswhatmakesyouslowdownandfeelsleepy.Scientistshavetestedsleephabitsinexperimentswheretherewasnonightorday.Thepeopleintheseexperimentsalmostalwaysfollowedasimilarsleepingpattern.Theysleptforonelongperiodandthenforoneshortperiodabouteighthourslater.Inmanypartsoftheworldpeopletakenapsinthemiddleoftheday.Thisisespeciallytrueinwarmerclimateswheretheheatmakesworkdifficultintheearlyafternoon.Researchersarenowsayingthatnapsaregoodforeveryoneinanyclimate.Adailynapgivesoneamorerestedbodyandmindandthereforeisgoodforhealthingeneral.Incountrieswherenapsaretraditionalpeopleoftensufferlessfromproblemssuchasheartdisease.Manyworkingpeopleunfortunatelyhavenotimetotakenaps.Thoughdoctorsmayadvisetakingnapsemployersdonotallowit!Ifyoudohavethechancehoweverhereareafewtipsaboutmakingthemostofyournap.Rememberthatthebesttimetotakeanapisabouteighthoursafteryougetup.AshortsleeptoolateinthedaymayonlymakeyoufeelmoretiredandsleepyafterwarD.Thiscanalsohappenifyousleepfortoolong.Ifyoudonothaveenoughtimetryashortnap—eventenminutesofsleepcanbehelpful.33.Whydoyousometimesfeelsleepyintheearlyafternoon?A.Becauseyoueattoomuchforlunch.B.Becauseit’shotinsummer.C.Becauseyourbodytemperaturegoesdownatthattime.D.Becauseyoudidn’thaveagoodsleeplastnight.34.Whatcanwelearnaboutnapsaccordingtothelastparagraph?A.Allthepeopleinwarmerclimatestakenapsinthemiddleoftheday.B.Doctorsneedtotakenapswhileemployersdon’t.C.Ifyoutakenapseverydayyou’11neversufferfromheartdisease.D.Takingnapsregularlyisbeneficialtopeople’shealth.35.Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?A.Ifyougetupat630amyou’dbettertakeanapatabout130pm.B.Takinganapwheneveryouwantwilldogoodtoyourhealth.C.Youwillfeellesssleepyifyousleepforalongtime.D.You’11feelsleepyatregularintervals间隔.
Doyouknowwhatcouch-potatomeans?WellinAmericathewordisnowoftenuseD.YouseeinAmericamanypeopleoftenspendtheirfreetimesittingonasofawatchingTV.Astherearemanychannels频道tochoosetheTVcanbequiteinterestingandveryaddictive使人上瘾的.OnemaysitandwatchTVforhoursandhourswithoutstop!WellthesepeoplewhodonothingalldayexceptwatchTVarecalledcouch-potatoes.InAmericawhilewatchingTVmostoftensittingstillwitheyeslookingrightintotheTVset.AlsobecausethesepeopleareaddictivetoTVtheydon’ttakeexerciseandusuallygetveryfat.Soinmanywaysthesepeoplelooklikerealpotatoes!WellbecausetheylookfatandwatchTVonacouchtheyareallcalledcouch-potatoes.Nowyouknowwhatacouch-potatomeans.ThenexttimeifyouseesomeonewatchingTVtoolongjustsayWhatacouch-potato!21.Thewordcouch-potatoisoftenusedin______.A.ChinaB.AmericaC.FranceD.Germany22.Ifapersoniscalledacouch-potatoheorshe______.A.doesnothingalldayB.mustbeveryfatC.oftenwatchesTVinhisfreetimeD.oftenlistenstomusic23.Thepassagemainly主要tellsus______.A.howtowatchTVB.whatcouch-potatomeansC.whycouch-potatoesareveryfatD.whereyoucanfindcouch-potatoes24.Whichofthefollowingsdoyouthinkmaybethewriter’ssuggestion?A.NeverwatchTV.B.Don’tsitonacouch.C.Don’twatchTVtoomuchD.Don’teattoomuch
2015WasaWarmWildYear.What’sNext?2015sawthingsheatupandgetoutofhandandnotjustinpolitics.ArecordwarmDecemberraisedaveragetemperaturesenoughtomake2015thesecondhottestyearonrecordinthecontiguousUnitedStatesaccordingtotheNationalOceanicandAtmosphericAdministration’sNationalClimateMonitoringAnnualReportwhichwasreleasedThursday.TheUnitedNationshadpreviouslyreportedthat2015wasshapinguptobethewarmestyearonrecordforthewholeplanet.LastyearwasalsothethirdwettestonrecordintheU.S.andsawtenweather-orclimate-relateddisastersthateachcausedatleast$1billionindamageintheU.S.andkilledatotalof155peoplE.Theseincludeadroughttwofloodsfiveseverestormsawildfireandawinterstorm.TheaverageU.S.temperaturewas54.4°F2.4°Fabovethe20thcenturyaverageandsecondonlyto2012'srecordwarmth.Thiswasalsothe19thconsecutiveyearwithaveragetemperaturesabovetheaverageforthecentury.Everystatereportedabove-averageannualtemperatures.ThewarmingwasparticularlypronouncedacrossmostoftheeasternhalfofthecountryinDecemberwhenmanyplacessawtemperatures30degreesabovenormalandmanyrecordswereset.ThismirroredchangesseenintheArcticthatmonthwhentemperaturesspikedto50degreesabovenormal.PartofthiswarmingwasdrivenbyastrongE1NifioorperiodicwarminginthePacificOceanbutsomeofitcanalsobeattributedtoglobalwarmingsaysmeteorologistEricHolthauswhowasnotinvolvedwiththefederalreport.TheanalysiscomeslessthanamonthaftertheU.S.and194othercountriessignedanagreementinParistomoreaggressivelycountertheeffectsofclimatechangE.EvenifalltheinitialtargetsinParisaremetwe’llonlybepartofthewaytherewhenitcomestoreducingcarbonfromtheatmospheresaidPresidentBarackObamaatthetimE.StilltheagreementrepresentedaturningpointbysettingupthearchitecturefordoingsohesaiD.NOAA'sclimatemonitoringcenterdoesn'tissuepredictionsforfutureweatherbuttheagency'sClimatePredictionCenterdoes.Thatteam'sforecastforthenetthreemonthscallsforwarmer-than-averagetemperaturesinmuchofthecountryalthoughpartsofTexasandtheSoutheastmaybealittlecoolerthanusual.AsLancasterUniversityProfessorGailWhitemantoldtheWeatherChannelclimatechangemeansextremeweatheristhenewnormal.56.AccordingtothepassagethewarmestyearintheU.S.is________.A.2014B.2015C.notmentionedD.201257.Accordingtothepassagewhichstatementisright?________A.2015wasthethirdwettestyearonrecordinthewholeplanetB.Tenweather-orclimate-relateddisastersintheU.S.includeadroughttwofloodsfourseverestormstwowildfiresandawinterstorm.C.The20thcenturyaveragetemperatureintheU.S.was52°FD.ThewarmingwaspronouncedacrossmostofthewesternhalfofthecountryinDecember58.TheagreementtheUS.and194countriessignedaimedto________.A.reducecarbonfromtheatmosphereB.countereffectsofclimatechangeC.setupthearchitectureD.findartificialwaystocooldowntheextremeweather59.WhatdoesProfessorGailWhitemanmeaninthefuture?A.ExtremeweatherwillbecommoninthefutureB.ClimatechangewillbenormalC.Extremeweatherwillbenormalifwedon’ttakemeasuresD.Climatechangeleadtoextremeweather
Hoverboardsarequiteconvientforpeopletocarryorrideonthebusystreetespeciallyincollegecampsmoreandmorestudentschoosetorideahoverboardtoclass.Sohoverboards电动滑板wereamongthemostpopularChristmasgiftsof2015.Theymayhavealsobeenmostdangerousgiftsof2015.Atruehoverboardlookslikeaskateboardwithoutwheels.Tohovermeanstofloatintheairwithoutmovingmuchinanydirection.Thepopularityofhoverboardsbeganinthe1980swiththeBacktotheFuturemovies.Charactersinthesecondandthirdfilmsusedhoverboardsastransportation.Thisyear’spopularhoverboardshoweverdonotactuallyhover.Theyhavewheels.And?asitturnsouttheyarenoteasytousE.Adultsandchildrenaroundtheworldsufferedhoverboard-relatedinjuriesovertheweekenD.ManypostedpicturesofthedamageonsocialmediA.TwitteruserDavidDouglaspostedaphotoofbothhimandayounggirlwiththebrokenarmstheysufferedonChristmasDay.AndanotheruserErinRaffertyuploadedavideoofhermotherfallingoffahoverboardwiththecaptionWholetmomonthehoverboard?Fallingisnottheonlyriskwithsomehoverboards.Theyarealsoafirerisk.AtonestoreinTexasanemployeetriedtofixahoverboardacustomerbroughtin.ThehoverboardthencaughtfirE.Studiessuggestthatsomehoverboardbrandshavedefectivebatteriesorplugs.Manymajorairlinesworldwidehavebannedhoverboardsbecauseofthefirerisk.Butsomepassengersdidnothearthenews.AustralianactorRussellCrowesaidonMondayabouthisdisappointmentthatVirginAustraliaAirlinesdidnotpermithischildrentotaketheirhoverboardsontheplanE.Majorretailers零售商arealsotakingstepstoimprovethesafetyofthehoverboardstheysell.AmazonintheUnitedStatesnowonlysellshoverboardsfrombrandsthathavesubmittedsafetystandarddocuments.TheUK’sAmazonnolongersellshoverboards.Ithasalsoadvisedcustomerswhoboughtunsafebrandsofhoverboardstothrowthemaway.12.What’stheproblemwiththisyear’shoverboards?A.Theydon’thavewheels.B.TheyaredifficulttohandlE.C.Theycatchfireinthesun.D.Theycan’tmoveinanydirection.13.Wecaninferfromthepassagethat___________.A.hoverboardsarestillenjoyingequalpopularityasbeforE.B.hoverboardsarestillsoldonAmazonintheUnitedStates.C.passengersareforbiddentogetonplaneswithhoverboards.D.thenumberofhoverboard-relatedinjuriesisdeclining.14.Theunderlinedworddefectiveinthesixthparagraphprobablymeans_____.A.deadB.faultyC.dryD.spare15.Wecanprobablyreadthispassageina___________.A.sciencefictionB.magazineC.newspaperD.moviereview
MotherNaturecanbefierceandsomeofthegreatestpowersheusescomesintheformofsandstorms.Theycanbefoundacrosstheglobeandmuchliketornadoes龙卷风littleisknownaboutthem.SandandduststormscanbedeadlywiththeirsuffocatingwindsfullofsanD.Afunnythingaboutsandandduststormsisthattheyhardlyevergiveanywarning.Theycanbedetectedlikeatornadobutonlyafterithasformedadustwhirl回旋.Onaradarscreentheyappeartobeanyothermassofbadweather.Howevertheyaremuchworsethanathunderstorm.NotonlydosandstormsproducetornadoescalledsandwhirlsbuttheyinvadeeverycornertheyfinD.Ifyoucangetoutofthepathdoso.HowtosurviveasandstormwhenyoucannotrunawaySandstormscomequicklyleavingvalleylikebeachesintheirwaythatcancoveranentirehousE.Ifyouhavetostaywhereyouaregetready.Closeallwindowsanddoorsandthencoverthemwithplasticclothorcurtainswhichhavetobenailedtothewalls.Thatwillhelpkeepthemillionsoftinybitsfromenteringyourthroatandlungs.CoveralltheholesthatleadtotheoutsidE.A.basementisnotnecessarilythebestplaceasthecloudsofdustwillsinkthroughthefloors.CoveryourentirefaceandeyesifpossiblE.Bandannas头巾willworkindanger.Hunker蹲downinasealedareaboxcontainerorroomthatisinnodangerofbeingrippedawaybythefiercewinds.Ifnothingelseisavailablelayyourselfonplasticclothorsomethingmadeofanairtightmaterialandthenrollyourselfupinit.Thesmallestcrackwillletinmoresandanddustthanyourlungscanhandleforanylengthoftimeandtheseforcesofnatureusuallyhangaroundforhourscoveringeverything.Breathingthroughwetclothlikeinafiresituationwillalsohelponcethecloudsofdustarebeginningtocomein.Thewetclothstopsthedustandprovidesmoistureinadifficultsituation.8.TheunderlinedwordsuffocatinginParagraph1probablymeans________.A.lettingoutastrangenoiseB.beingfrighteningordangerousC.destroyingeverythingonthewayD.causingdifficultyinbreathing9.Whatdoweknowfromthepassage?A.Therearesandstormsonlyindeserts.B.Sandstormsoftenarrivewithoutanysign.C.Sandstormsarequitedifferentfromtornadoes.D.Thunderstormsareworsethansandstorms.10.Whatisbestforpeopletodoifasandstormcomes?A.Getoutofitswayquickly.B.Coveryourselfwithwetcloth.C.CoveryourheadwithabandannA.D.Enterabasementifyoucan.11.Whyshouldpeoplehunkerdowninasealedareaboxorcontainer?A.Becausetheywon’tbeblownawaybysandstorms.B.Becausetheycan’tberippedawaybythewinD.C.Becausetheycanstopsandordustfromcomingin.D.BecausetheycanstopthedustandprovidemoisturE.
Honey蜂蜜fromtheAfricanforestisnotonlyakindofnaturalsugaritisalsodelicious.Mostpeopleandmanyanimalslikeeatingit.Howevertheonlywayforthemtogetthathoneyistofindawildbees’nest巢andtakethehoneyfromit.Oftenthesenestsarehighupintreesanditisdifficulttofindthem.InpartsofAfricathoughpeopleandanimalslookingforhoneyhaveastrangeandunexpectedhelper—alittlebirdcalledahoneyguidE.Thehoneyguidedoesnotactuallylikehoneybutitdoeslikethewax蜂蜡inthebeehives蜂房.Thelittlebirdcannotreachthiswaxwhichisdeepinsidethebees’nest.Sowhenitfindsasuitablenestitlooksforsomeonetohelpit.ThehoneyguidegivesaloudcrythatattractstheattentionofbothpassinganimalsandpeoplE.Onceithastheirattentionitfliesthroughtheforestwaitingfromtimetotimeforthecuriousanimalorpersonasitleadsthemtothenest.Whentheyfinallyarriveatthenestthefollowerreachesintogetthedelicioushoneyasthebirdpatientlywaitsandwatches.SomeofthehoneyandthewaxalwaysfallstothegroundandthisiswhenthehoneyguidetakesitssharE.Scientistsdonotknowwhythehoneyguidelikeseatingthewaxbutitisverydeterminedinitseffortstogetit.Thebirdsseemtobeabletosmellwaxfromalongdistanceaway.Theywillquicklyarrivewheneverabeekeeperistakinghoneyfromhisbeehivesandwillevenenterchurcheswhenbeeswaxcandlesarebeinglit.33.Whyisitdifficulttofindawildbees’nest?A.It’ssmallinsizE.B.It’shiddenintrees.C.It’scoveredwithwax.D.It’shardtorecognizE.34.WhatdothewordsthefollowerinParagraph2referto?A.AbeE.B.A.birD.C.A.honeyseeker.D.A.beekeeper.35.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.WildBeesB.WaxandHoneyC.BeekeepinginAfricaD.Honey-Lover’sHelper
Doeshappinesshaveascent?Whensomeoneishappycanyousmellit?Youcanusuallytellwhensomeoneishappybasedonseeingthemsmilehearingthemlaughorperhapsfromreceivingabighug.Butcanyoualsosmelltheirhappiness?SurprisingnewresearchsuggeststhathappinessdoesindeedhaveascentandthattheexperienceofhappinesscanbetransmittedthroughsmellreportsPhys.org.Forthestudy12youngmenwereshownvideosmeanttobringaboutavarietyofemotionswhileresearchersgatheredsweatsamplesfromthem.AllofthemenwerehealthyandnoneofthemweredrugusersorsmokersandallwereaskedtoabstainfromdrinkingoreatingsmellyfoodsduringthestudyperioD.Thosesweatsampleswerethengivento36equallyhealthyyoungwomentosmellwhileresearchersmonitoredtheirreactions.Onlywomenwereselectedtosmellthesamplesapparentlybecausepreviousresearchhasshownthatwomenhaveabettersenseofsmellthanmenandarealsomoresensitivetoemotionalsignaling—thoughit'sunclearwhyonlymenwerechosentoproducethescents.Researchersfoundthatthebehaviorofthewomenaftersmellingthescents—particularlytheirfacialexpressions—indicatedarelationshipbetweentheemotionalstatesofthemenwhoproducedthesweatandthewomenwhosniffedthem.Humansweatproducedwhenapersonishappybringsaboutastatesimilartohappinessinsomebodywhobreathesthissmellsaidstudyco-authorGunSeminaprofessoratKocUniversityinTurkey.Thisisafascinatingfindingbecauseitnotonlymeansthathappinessdoeshaveascentbutthatthescentiscapableoftransmittingtheemotiontoothers.Thestudyalsofoundthatotheremotionssuchasfearseemtocarryascenttoo.Thisensurespreviousresearchsuggestingthatsomenegativeemotionshaveasmellbutitisthefirsttimethishasprovedtobetrueofpositivefeelings.Researchershaveyettoisolate分离exactlywhatthechemicalcompoundforthehappinesssmellisbutyoumightimaginewhatthepotentialapplicationsforsuchafindingcouldbE.HappinessperfumesforinstancecouldbeinventeD.Scenttherapies香味疗法couldalsobedevelopedtohelppeoplethroughdepressionoranxiety.Perhapsthemostsurprisingresultofthestudyhoweverisourbroadenedunderstandingofhowemotionsgetcommunicatedandalsohowourownemotionsarepotentiallymanagedthroughoursocialcontextandtheemotionalstatesofthosearoundus.5.Whatisthemainfindingofthenewresearch?A.Pleasantfeelingscanbesmeltout.B.Negativeemotionshaveasmell.C.Menproducemoresweats.D.Womenhaveabettersenseofsmell.6.TheunderlinedpartabstainfrominParagraph3probablymeans_________.A.continueB.practiceC.avoidD.try7.Whatistheapplicationvalueofthenewresearch?A.Perfumescouldhelppeopleunderstandeachother.B.SomesmellscouldbecreatedtoimproveourappearancE.C.Perfumescouldbeproducedtocurephysicaldiseases.D.SomesmellscouldbedevelopedtobetterourmooD.8.Wecanlearnfromthelastparagraphthat.A.happinesscomesfromascentofsweatB.socialsurroundingscaninfluenceouremotionsC.peopleneedmoreemotionalcommunicationD.positiveenergycandeepenunderstanding
AnenvironmentalgroupcalledtheFoodCommissionisunhappyanddisappointedbecauseofthesalesofbottledwaterfromJapan.Thewateritangrilyarguesinpublichastraveled10000foodmilesbeforeitreachedWesterncustomers.TransportingwaterhalfwayacrosstheworldissurelytheextremelystupiduseoffuelwhenthereisplentyofwaterintheUK.ItisalsoworryingthatwewerewastingourfuelbybuyingprawnsfromIndonesia7000foodmilesandcarrotsfromSouthAfrica5900foodmiles.Countingthenumberofmilestraveleddonebyaproductisastrangewayoftryingtotellthetruesituationoftheenvironmentaldamageduetoindustry.Mostfoodistransportedaroundtheworldoncontainershipsthatareextremelyenergyefficient.Itshouldbenoticedthatatonofbuttertransported25milesinatrucktoafarmers’marketdoesn’tnecessarilyuselessfuelonitsjourneythanasimilarproducttransportedhundredsofmilesbyseA.Besidestheideaoffoodmilesignorestheamountoffuelusedintheproduction.ItispossibletocutdownyourfoodmilesbybuyingtomatoesgrowninBritainratherthanthosegrowninGhanA.ThedifferenceisthattheBritishoneswillhavebeenraisedinheatedgreenhouseandtheGhanaianonesintheopensun.WhatistheideaoffoodmilesdoesprovidehoweveristhechancetocutoutThirdWorldcountriesfromFirstWorldfoodmarkets.ThenumberofmilestraveledbyourfoodshouldasIseeitberegardedasasignofthesuccessoftheglobaltradesystemnotasignofdamagetotheenvironment.32.TheFoodCommissionisangrybecauseitthinksthat________.A.UKwastesalotofmoneyimportingfoodproductsB.someimportedgoodscausesenvironmentaldamageC.growingcertainvegetablescausesenvironmentaldamageD.peoplewastedenergybuyingfoodfromothercountries33.Thephrasefoodmilesinthepassagereferstothedistance________.A.thatafoodproducttravelstoamarketB.thatafoodproducttravelsfromonemarkettoanotherC.betweenUKandotherfoodproducingcountriesD.betweenaThirdWorldcountryandaFirstWorldfoodmarket34.BycomparingtomatoesraisedinBritainandinGhanatheauthortriestoexplainthat________.A.BritishtomatoesarehealthierthanGhanaianonesB.GhanaiantomatoestastebetterthantomatoesonesC.cuttingdownfoodmilesmaynotnecessarilysavefuelD.protectingtheenvironmentmaycostalotofmoney35.Fromthepassageweknowthattheauthorismostprobably________.A.asupporteroffreeglobaltradeB.amemberofaFoodCommissionC.asupporterofFirstWorldfoodmarketsD.amemberofanenergydevelopmentgroup
Youuseherasashouldertocryon.Shetextsyoubackwithcasualjokes.ButsheXiaoiceisonlyavirtualchatbot.XiaoiceMicrosoft'slatestartificialintelligencerobotwasbrieflyreleasedin2014andreturnedtoWeChatin2015whereshebecameabighit.MillionsofyoungChinesenowexchangemessageswithherdailyTheNewYorkTimesreporteD.OnWeChatXiaoiceisanofficialaccount.Afterfollowingituserscanstarttext-basedconversationswithXiaoicE.HerincrediblelearningabilitywaswhypeoplelovedtotalkwithXiaoiceLiuJinchangaresearcheratHigh-techResearchandDevelopmentCenterundertheMinistryofScienceandTechnologytoldChinaDaily.Apartfromherabilitytoidentifyphotosandsendemojis表情符号inconversationsXiaoicegains45percentofherknowledgefrominteractingwithusersChinaDailyreporteD.Chatbotprogramsfirstappearedinthemid-1960sintheUS.Drivenbytoptechcompaniestheyarebecomingsmarterandmorecommon.ForinstanceIBM'slatestartificialintelligenceprogramservedasanacademicconsultantatAustralia'sDeakinUniversityansweringstudents'questionsaboutcourseschedulesandfinancialaiD.Apple'sSiriandAmazon'sAlexahavebeenusedasvoiceassistantswhocanreadnewsplaymusicandevenmakejokesfortheirusers.TheseprogramsareexpectedtomovebeyondsmartphonesintotelevisionscarsandlivingroomsTheNewYorkTimespointedout.HoweveritmaytakedecadesbeforescientistsdevelopaSamanthatheadvancedchatbotseeninthefictionfilmHer.InthefilmSamanthasparksaromanticrelationshipwithheruserplayedbyUSactorJoaquinPhoenix.Manyviewerswereenthusiasticaboutthisfantasyofvirtualsoulmates.28.Whatdoestheunderlinedpartinparagraphtwomean?A.Shebecameverypopular.B.Shebecameverypowerful.C.Shebecameamoneymaker.D.Shebecameabestseller.29.WhichofthefollowingcanXiaoicedo?A.Dohousework.B.Spreadmessages.C.Readnewstoitsusers.D.Identifyvariousphotos.30.Whichcompany'schatbotprogramcanactasanacademicconsultant?A.Microsoft.B.IBM.C.ApplE.D.Amazon.31.Whatcanbelearnedfromthelastparagraph?A.Chatbotsmainlyrunonsmartphonesnow.B.It'lltakedecadestoapplychatbotstocars.C.SamanthaisplayedbyaUSactorinthefilm.D.ThefilmHerdoesn'tinterestmanyaudiencE.
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