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Tips on Staying Healthy This lecture will give you advice on how to stay healthy. It will cover ten...
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HowtoBuildHealthyInterpersonalRelationshipHumanbei
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Majormanufacturershavebeenusingqualitycirclewithundeniablesuccessformorethemtwodecades.
Strawberries:Inastudythattrackedthedietsandhealthof1271peopleinMassachusettsresearchersattheHarvardSchoolofPublicHealthfoundthatstrawberry-loverswere70percentlesslikelythanthosewhorarelyatethefruittodevelopcancer.46.Tomatoes:WiththeirloadofvitaminCtomatoesaretherichestsourceofthefieryredpigmentlycopenewhichhasbeenshowntodefendagainstmalignanciesofthelungscervixprostateandmouth47.Iftheyneedtoripenleavetheminacoolspotinyourkitchenforadayortwo.Oranges:LikeallcitrusfruitsorangesareknownfortheiraromaticoilsandhighvitaminCcontent.48Garlic:Garliccouldbeyourtickettolongevity.Thesamesulfurcompoundsthatgivethebulbitspungentflavourprotectagainstcancerbothbyneutralizingcarcinogensandslowingtumors’growth.Ifyoudon’tcareforgarlictakeheart:onionsleeksshallotsandchivesdelivermanyofthesamecancer-fightingsubstances.Tea:49.Onerecentstudyfoundthatcertainofthesecompoundsappeartokeepnewlyformedtumorcellsfromgrowingoutofcontrolatricktheypulloffbyrestoringachemicalinthebodythatlimitshowmanytimestheroguecellscandivide.WholeWheat:50.Grain-loversranone-thirdtheriskofpeoplewhorarelyatewholegrainbreadorcereal.A.Loadedwithnutrientsandfibergrainshavemanyofthesamephytochemicalsasfreshproduce.B.Butberriesofeverykindofferbenefits.C.AlotofpeopleinChinaliketodrinkteabecauseit’straditional.D.Whateveryoudodon’tputfreshtomatoesinthefridgeunlessyouwanttospoiltheirflavourandtexture.E.Teaisrichinantioxidantscalledpolyphenols.F.Citrus-loversshowcomparativelylowratesofstomachandlungcancers.
Themedicalworldisgraduallyrealizingthatthequalityoftheenvironmentinhospitalsmayplayasignificantroleintheprocessofrecoveryfromillness.Aspartofanation-wideeffortinBritaintobringartoutthegalleriesandintopublicplacessomeofthecountry’smosttalentedartistshavecalledintotransformolderhospitalsandtosoftenthehardedgesofmodernbuildings.Ofthe2500NationalhealthServicehospitalsinBritainalmost100nowhavesignificantcollectionsofcontemporaryartincorridorswaitingareasandtreatmentrooms.TheserecentinitiativesoweagreatdealtooneartistPeterSeniorwhosetuphisstudioataManchesterhospitalinnorth-easternEngland.Thequalityoftheenvironmentmayreducetheneedforexpensivedrugswhenapatientisrecoveringformanillness.Astudyhasshownthatpatientswhohadaviewontoagardenneededhalfthenumberofstrongpainkillerscomparedwithpatientswhohadnoviewatalloronlyabrickwalltolookatduringtheearly1970s.hefelttheartisthadlosthisplaceinmodernsocietyandthatartshouldbeenjoyedbyawideraudience.Atypicalhospitalwaitingroommighthaveasmanyas5000visitorseachweek.WhatbetterplacetoholdregularexhibitionsofartSeniorheldthefirstexhibitionofhisownpaintingsintheout-patients’waitingareaoftheManchesterroyalInfirmaryin1975.BelievedtobeBritain’sfirsthospital-artistSeniorwassomuchindemandthathewassoonjoinedbyateamofsixyoungartschoolgraduates.Theeffectisstriking.Insteadofthefamiliarlongbarrencorridorsanddullwaitingroomsthevisitorsexperienceafullviewoffreshcoloursplayfulimagesandrestfulcourtyards.Aftertheimprovementofthehospitalenvironmentpatients______.
ManyIQtestsshowthattherearenosignificantdifferencesinthemeanoraveragescoresofIQtestsbetweenmenandwomen.WhenanewIQtestisbeingconstructeditisquiteeasytofindtest51thatarenotansweredcorrectly52thesameproportionsofmenandwomen53theseareusuallytheneliminatedfromthetest.Sotosome54thefactthatnodifferencesaretobefoundinourcurrentIQtestsbetweenthe55forthetwosexesishardlysurprising.Thereare56differencesinthestandarddeviations偏差orvariabilityofthe57ofthetwosexesinmanyIQtests58menshowingthegreatervariation.The59ofmanyIQtestscoresaresuch60theyapproximatetothenormalcurve正规曲线.Ifweregardsomearbitrarylowerscoreonatestasaclassificationlikeeducationalsubnormal智力上逊常的人ESNandsomeequallyarbitrary61scoreasgiftedwethenfindthatthereishigherratioofESNmalestowomenandlikewisewe62thattherearemoregiftedmenthanwomeneventhoughtheaveragescoresarethesame.The63ofmenandwomenareknowntodiffersomewhatinsizewithwomenhavingabout200glesstissue64theotherhandtheyalsotendto65lessbodymassandoverthephylogenetic系统发育的scalethebestindexofspeciesintelligenceistheratioofbodymasstobrainsize.
Strawberries:Inastudythattrackedthedietsandhealthof1271peopleinMassachusettsresearchersattheHarvardSchoolofPublicHealthfoundthatstrawberry-loverswere70percentlesslikelythanthosewhorarelyatethefruittodevelopcancer.46.Tomatoes:WiththeirloadofvitaminCtomatoesaretherichestsourceofthefieryredpigmentlycopenewhichhasbeenshowntodefendagainstmalignanciesofthelungscervixprostateandmouth47.Iftheyneedtoripenleavetheminacoolspotinyourkitchenforadayortwo.Oranges:LikeallcitrusfruitsorangesareknownfortheiraromaticoilsandhighvitaminCcontent.48Garlic:Garliccouldbeyourtickettolongevity.Thesamesulfurcompoundsthatgivethebulbitspungentflavourprotectagainstcancerbothbyneutralizingcarcinogensandslowingtumors’growth.Ifyoudon’tcareforgarlictakeheart:onionsleeksshallotsandchivesdelivermanyofthesamecancer-fightingsubstances.Tea:49.Onerecentstudyfoundthatcertainofthesecompoundsappeartokeepnewlyformedtumorcellsfromgrowingoutofcontrolatricktheypulloffbyrestoringachemicalinthebodythatlimitshowmanytimestheroguecellscandivide.WholeWheat:50.Grain-loversranone-thirdtheriskofpeoplewhorarelyatewholegrainbreadorcereal.A.Loadedwithnutrientsandfibergrainshavemanyofthesamephytochemicalsasfreshproduce.B.Butberriesofeverykindofferbenefits.C.AlotofpeopleinChinaliketodrinkteabecauseit’straditional.D.Whateveryoudodon’tputfreshtomatoesinthefridgeunlessyouwanttospoiltheirflavourandtexture.E.Teaisrichinantioxidantscalledpolyphenols.F.Citrus-loversshowcomparativelylowratesofstomachandlungcancers.
Nooneknowsexactlyhowmanydisabledpeoplethereareintheworldbutestimatessuggestthefigureisover450million.ThenumberofdisabledpeopleinIndiaaloneisprobablymorethandoublethetotalpopulationofCanada.IntheUnitedKingdomaboutoneintenpeoplehavesomedisability.Disabilityisnotjustsomethingthathappenstootherpeople:asgetoldermanyofuswillbecomelessmobilehardofhearingorhavefailingeyesight.Disablementcantakemanyformsandoccuratanytimeoflife.Somepeoplearebornwithdisabilities.Manyothersbecomedisabledastheygetolder.Therearemanyprogressivedisablingdiseases.Thelongertimegoesontheworsetheybecome.Somepeoplearedisabledinaccidents.Manyothersmayhaveaperiodofdisabilityintheformofamentalillness.Allareaffectedbypeople’sattitudetowardsthem.Disabledpeoplefacemanyphysicalbarriers.Nexttimeyougoshoppingortoworkorvisitfriendsimaginehowyouwouldmanageifyoucouldnotgetupstepsorontobusesandtrains.HowwouldyoucopeifyoucouldnotseewhereyouweregoingorcouldnothearthetrafficButthereareotherbarriers:prejudicecanbeevenhardertobreakdownandignoranceinevitablyrepresentsbyfarthegreatestbarrierofall.Itisalmostimpossiblefortheable-bodiedtofullyappreciatewhattheseverelydisabledgothroughsoitisimportanttodrawattentiontothesebarriersandsowthatitistheindividualpersonandtheirabilitynottheirdisabilitywhichcounts.ThekeywordinParagraph4is______.
Manypeoplewereinjuredduringthestorm.
ManyIQtestsshowthattherearenosignificantdifferencesinthemeanoraveragescoresofIQtestsbetweenmenandwomen.WhenanewIQtestisbeingconstructeditisquiteeasytofindtest51thatarenotansweredcorrectly52thesameproportionsofmenandwomen53theseareusuallytheneliminatedfromthetest.Sotosome54thefactthatnodifferencesaretobefoundinourcurrentIQtestsbetweenthe55forthetwosexesishardlysurprising.Thereare56differencesinthestandarddeviations偏差orvariabilityofthe57ofthetwosexesinmanyIQtests58menshowingthegreatervariation.The59ofmanyIQtestscoresaresuch60theyapproximatetothenormalcurve正规曲线.Ifweregardsomearbitrarylowerscoreonatestasaclassificationlikeeducationalsubnormal智力上逊常的人ESNandsomeequallyarbitrary61scoreasgiftedwethenfindthatthereishigherratioofESNmalestowomenandlikewisewe62thattherearemoregiftedmenthanwomeneventhoughtheaveragescoresarethesame.The63ofmenandwomenareknowntodiffersomewhatinsizewithwomenhavingabout200glesstissue64theotherhandtheyalsotendto65lessbodymassandoverthephylogenetic系统发育的scalethebestindexofspeciesintelligenceistheratioofbodymasstobrainsize.
AdiverserangeofindustryisestablishedinMiltonKeynesincludingmanysmallfirms.
Ihavegreatconfidencethatbytheendofthedecadewe’llknowinvastdetailhowcancercellsarisesaysmicrobiologistRobertWeinberganexpertoncancerButhecautionssomepeoplehavetheideathatonceoneunderstandsthecausesthecurewillrapidlyfollow.ConsiderPasteur.Hediscoveredthecausesofmanykindsofinfectionsbutitwasfiftyorsixtyyearsbeforecureswereavailable.Thisyear50percentofthe910000peoplewhosufferfromcancerwillsurviveatleastfiveyears.Intheyear2000theNationalCancerInstituteestimatesthatfigurewillbe75percent.Forsomeskincancersthefive-yearsurvivalrateisashighas90percent.Butothersurvivalstatistic统计ratestilldiscouraging-13percentforlungcancerand2percentforcancerofthepancreas胰腺.Withasmanyas120varietiesinexistencediscoveringhowcancerworksisnoteasy.Theresearchersmadegreatprogressintheearly1970swhentheydiscoveredthatoncogeneswhicharecancer-causinggenes基因areinactiveinnormalceils.Anythingfromcosmicraystoradiationtodietmayactivateadormantoncogenebuthowremainsunknown.Ifseveraloncogenesaredrivenintoactionthecellunabletoturnthemoffbecomescancerous.Theexactmechanismsinvolvedarestillmysteriousbutthelikelihoodthatmanycancersareinitiatedatthelevelofgenessuggestthatwewillneverpreventallcancers.ChangesareanormalpartoftheevolutionaryprocesssaysoneologistWilliamHayward.Environmentalfactorscanneverbetotallyeliminated;asHaywardpointsoutWecan’tprepareamedicineagainstcosmicrays.Theprospectsforcurethoughstilldistantarebrighter.Firstweneedtounderstandhowthenormalcellcontrolsitself.Secondwehavetodeterminewhethertherearealimitednumberofgenesincellswhicharealwaysresponsibleforatleastpartofthetrouble.Ifwecanunderstandhowcancerworkswecancounteractitsaction./Thispassageisprobablytakenfrom______.
Aspeoplecontinuetogrowandageourbodysystemscontinuetochange.Atacertainpointinyourlifeyourbodysystemswillbegintoweaken.Yourjointsmaybecomestiff.Itmaybecomemoredifficultforyoutoseeandhear.Theslowchangeofageingcausesourbodiestolosesomeoftheirabilitytobouncebackformdiseaseandinjury.Inordertolivelongerwehavealwaystriedtosloworstopthisprocessthatleadsustowardtheendofourlives.Manyfactorscontributetoyourhealth.Awell-balanceddietplaysanimportantrole.Theamountandtypeofexerciseyougetisanotherfactor.Yourlivingenvironmentandtheamountofstressyouareunderisyetanother.Butscientistsstudyingsenescence衰老wanttoknow:WhydopeoplegrowoldTheyhopethatbyexaminingtheageingprocessonacellularlevelmedicalsciencemaybeabletoextendthelengthoflife.Thereisnothingtobeafraidofasoldageapproaches.Manyconsiderthelaterportionsoflifetobethebesttimeforliving.Physicalactivitymaylessenbutoftenyougainabroaderunderstandingofyourselfandtheworld.Whatweconsideroldagenowmayonlybemiddle-agedsomedaysoon.Whoknowswithsomanyadvancesinmedicalsciencehappeningsoquicklylifespansmayonedaybemeasuredincenturiesratherthaninyears!Inordertolivelongerweshouldpostponetheprocessofaging.
Aspeoplecontinuetogrowandageourbodysystemscontinuetochange.Atacertainpointinyourlifeyourbodysystemswillbegintoweaken.Yourjointsmaybecomestiff.Itmaybecomemoredifficultforyoutoseeandhear.Theslowchangeofageingcausesourbodiestolosesomeoftheirabilitytobouncebackformdiseaseandinjury.Inordertolivelongerwehavealwaystriedtosloworstopthisprocessthatleadsustowardtheendofourlives.Manyfactorscontributetoyourhealth.Awell-balanceddietplaysanimportantrole.Theamountandtypeofexerciseyougetisanotherfactor.Yourlivingenvironmentandtheamountofstressyouareunderisyetanother.Butscientistsstudyingsenescence衰老wanttoknow:WhydopeoplegrowoldTheyhopethatbyexaminingtheageingprocessonacellularlevelmedicalsciencemaybeabletoextendthelengthoflife.Thereisnothingtobeafraidofasoldageapproaches.Manyconsiderthelaterportionsoflifetobethebesttimeforliving.Physicalactivitymaylessenbutoftenyougainabroaderunderstandingofyourselfandtheworld.Whatweconsideroldagenowmayonlybemiddle-agedsomedaysoon.Whoknowswithsomanyadvancesinmedicalsciencehappeningsoquicklylifespansmayonedaybemeasuredincenturiesratherthaninyears!Peoplewillliveforeverinthefuture.
Thisoriginalmodelwasdesignedtointerfaceeasilywithtestandmeasurementinstruments.
ThenotionofthequalitycirclefirstfoundwidespreadacceptanceinJapan.
Oneofthequalificationsweneedinadvertisingisanoriginalmind.
IfacompanyispayingJerseyorGuernseyincometaxtheAuthoritieswillrequirethefilingofamountstosubstantiatetheassessableprofit.
ManyIQtestsshowthattherearenosignificantdifferencesinthemeanoraveragescoresofIQtestsbetweenmenandwomen.WhenanewIQtestisbeingconstructeditisquiteeasytofindtest51thatarenotansweredcorrectly52thesameproportionsofmenandwomen53theseareusuallytheneliminatedfromthetest.Sotosome54thefactthatnodifferencesaretobefoundinourcurrentIQtestsbetweenthe55forthetwosexesishardlysurprising.Thereare56differencesinthestandarddeviations偏差orvariabilityofthe57ofthetwosexesinmanyIQtests58menshowingthegreatervariation.The59ofmanyIQtestscoresaresuch60theyapproximatetothenormalcurve正规曲线.Ifweregardsomearbitrarylowerscoreonatestasaclassificationlikeeducationalsubnormal智力上逊常的人ESNandsomeequallyarbitrary61scoreasgiftedwethenfindthatthereishigherratioofESNmalestowomenandlikewisewe62thattherearemoregiftedmenthanwomeneventhoughtheaveragescoresarethesame.The63ofmenandwomenareknowntodiffersomewhatinsizewithwomenhavingabout200glesstissue64theotherhandtheyalsotendto65lessbodymassandoverthephylogenetic系统发育的scalethebestindexofspeciesintelligenceistheratioofbodymasstobrainsize.
ManyIQtestsshowthattherearenosignificantdifferencesinthemeanoraveragescoresofIQtestsbetweenmenandwomen.WhenanewIQtestisbeingconstructeditisquiteeasytofindtest51thatarenotansweredcorrectly52thesameproportionsofmenandwomen53theseareusuallytheneliminatedfromthetest.Sotosome54thefactthatnodifferencesaretobefoundinourcurrentIQtestsbetweenthe55forthetwosexesishardlysurprising.Thereare56differencesinthestandarddeviations偏差orvariabilityofthe57ofthetwosexesinmanyIQtests58menshowingthegreatervariation.The59ofmanyIQtestscoresaresuch60theyapproximatetothenormalcurve正规曲线.Ifweregardsomearbitrarylowerscoreonatestasaclassificationlikeeducationalsubnormal智力上逊常的人ESNandsomeequallyarbitrary61scoreasgiftedwethenfindthatthereishigherratioofESNmalestowomenandlikewisewe62thattherearemoregiftedmenthanwomeneventhoughtheaveragescoresarethesame.The63ofmenandwomenareknowntodiffersomewhatinsizewithwomenhavingabout200glesstissue64theotherhandtheyalsotendto65lessbodymassandoverthephylogenetic系统发育的scalethebestindexofspeciesintelligenceistheratioofbodymasstobrainsize.
1.Humansnotonlyloveeatingicecreamtheyenjoyfeedingittotheirpets宠物.Marketstudiesshowthattwothirdsofalldogownersgiveicecreamottheirdogs.UnfortunatelysaysWilliamTyznikanexpertonanimalnutrition营养atOhioStateUniversityicecreamisnotgoodfordogs.Ithasmilksugarinithesayswhichdogscannotdigestverywell.2.BotheredbythatknowledgebutawareofthedesireofdogownerstopleasetheircompanionsTyznikinventedanewfrozentreatfordogsthathesaysismorenutritiousthanicecream--andasmuchfuntoeat.TheproductcalledFrostyPawsismadeofaliquidby-product副产品ofcheeseandmilkwiththesugarremoved.FrostyPawsalsocontainsrefinedsoyflourwatervegetableoilvitaminsandminerals.IttookTyznikwhohasalsoinventedahorsefeedcalledTizwhizandanotherdogfoodnamedTizbitsthreeyearstoperfecttheFrostyPawsformulasandtwoattemptstocommercialiseit.Afterlosing＄25000tryingtomarkettheinventionhimselfTyzniksoldtherightstoAssociatedIceCreamofWestervilleOhiowhichmakestheproductandpackagesitincups.3.TyznikclaimsthatFrostyPawshasbeentestedextensivelyandthatdogsloveit.Of1400dogsthathavebeenofferedtheproducthesays89percenttookitonthefirsttry.ThreeoutoffourpreferredittoMilk-Boneorsausages.Theproductwhichwillbeavailableintheice-creamsectionofsupermarketscomesinpacksofthreeorfourcupscostingbetween＄1.79.4.WhatwouldhappenifahumanshouldmistakeFrostyPawsforrealicecreamNothingsaysTyznik.It’sharmlessbutfranklyhesaysitwon’ttasteverygood.Theicecreamfordogsismadeofaliquid______.
1.Humansnotonlyloveeatingicecreamtheyenjoyfeedingittotheirpets宠物.Marketstudiesshowthattwothirdsofalldogownersgiveicecreamottheirdogs.UnfortunatelysaysWilliamTyznikanexpertonanimalnutrition营养atOhioStateUniversityicecreamisnotgoodfordogs.Ithasmilksugarinithesayswhichdogscannotdigestverywell.2.BotheredbythatknowledgebutawareofthedesireofdogownerstopleasetheircompanionsTyznikinventedanewfrozentreatfordogsthathesaysismorenutritiousthanicecream--andasmuchfuntoeat.TheproductcalledFrostyPawsismadeofaliquidby-product副产品ofcheeseandmilkwiththesugarremoved.FrostyPawsalsocontainsrefinedsoyflourwatervegetableoilvitaminsandminerals.IttookTyznikwhohasalsoinventedahorsefeedcalledTizwhizandanotherdogfoodnamedTizbitsthreeyearstoperfecttheFrostyPawsformulasandtwoattemptstocommercialiseit.Afterlosing＄25000tryingtomarkettheinventionhimselfTyzniksoldtherightstoAssociatedIceCreamofWestervilleOhiowhichmakestheproductandpackagesitincups.3.TyznikclaimsthatFrostyPawshasbeentestedextensivelyandthatdogsloveit.Of1400dogsthathavebeenofferedtheproducthesays89percenttookitonthefirsttry.ThreeoutoffourpreferredittoMilk-Boneorsausages.Theproductwhichwillbeavailableintheice-creamsectionofsupermarketscomesinpacksofthreeorfourcupscostingbetween＄1.79.4.WhatwouldhappenifahumanshouldmistakeFrostyPawsforrealicecreamNothingsaysTyznik.It’sharmlessbutfranklyhesaysitwon’ttasteverygood.Para2______.
Nooneknowsexactlyhowmanydisabledpeoplethereareintheworldbutestimatessuggestthefigureisover450million.ThenumberofdisabledpeopleinIndiaaloneisprobablymorethandoublethetotalpopulationofCanada.IntheUnitedKingdomaboutoneintenpeoplehavesomedisability.Disabilityisnotjustsomethingthathappenstootherpeople:asgetoldermanyofuswillbecomelessmobilehardofhearingorhavefailingeyesight.Disablementcantakemanyformsandoccuratanytimeoflife.Somepeoplearebornwithdisabilities.Manyothersbecomedisabledastheygetolder.Therearemanyprogressivedisablingdiseases.Thelongertimegoesontheworsetheybecome.Somepeoplearedisabledinaccidents.Manyothersmayhaveaperiodofdisabilityintheformofamentalillness.Allareaffectedbypeople’sattitudetowardsthem.Disabledpeoplefacemanyphysicalbarriers.Nexttimeyougoshoppingortoworkorvisitfriendsimaginehowyouwouldmanageifyoucouldnotgetupstepsorontobusesandtrains.HowwouldyoucopeifyoucouldnotseewhereyouweregoingorcouldnothearthetrafficButthereareotherbarriers:prejudicecanbeevenhardertobreakdownandignoranceinevitablyrepresentsbyfarthegreatestbarrierofall.Itisalmostimpossiblefortheable-bodiedtofullyappreciatewhattheseverelydisabledgothroughsoitisimportanttodrawattentiontothesebarriersandsowthatitistheindividualpersonandtheirabilitynottheirdisabilitywhichcounts.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage
Strawberries:Inastudythattrackedthedietsandhealthof1271peopleinMassachusettsresearchersattheHarvardSchoolofPublicHealthfoundthatstrawberry-loverswere70percentlesslikelythanthosewhorarelyatethefruittodevelopcancer.46.Tomatoes:WiththeirloadofvitaminCtomatoesaretherichestsourceofthefieryredpigmentlycopenewhichhasbeenshowntodefendagainstmalignanciesofthelungscervixprostateandmouth47.Iftheyneedtoripenleavetheminacoolspotinyourkitchenforadayortwo.Oranges:LikeallcitrusfruitsorangesareknownfortheiraromaticoilsandhighvitaminCcontent.48Garlic:Garliccouldbeyourtickettolongevity.Thesamesulfurcompoundsthatgivethebulbitspungentflavourprotectagainstcancerbothbyneutralizingcarcinogensandslowingtumors’growth.Ifyoudon’tcareforgarlictakeheart:onionsleeksshallotsandchivesdelivermanyofthesamecancer-fightingsubstances.Tea:49.Onerecentstudyfoundthatcertainofthesecompoundsappeartokeepnewlyformedtumorcellsfromgrowingoutofcontrolatricktheypulloffbyrestoringachemicalinthebodythatlimitshowmanytimestheroguecellscandivide.WholeWheat:50.Grain-loversranone-thirdtheriskofpeoplewhorarelyatewholegrainbreadorcereal.A.Loadedwithnutrientsandfibergrainshavemanyofthesamephytochemicalsasfreshproduce.B.Butberriesofeverykindofferbenefits.C.AlotofpeopleinChinaliketodrinkteabecauseit’straditional.D.Whateveryoudodon’tputfreshtomatoesinthefridgeunlessyouwanttospoiltheirflavourandtexture.E.Teaisrichinantioxidantscalledpolyphenols.F.Citrus-loversshowcomparativelylowratesofstomachandlungcancers.
1.Humansnotonlyloveeatingicecreamtheyenjoyfeedingittotheirpets宠物.Marketstudiesshowthattwothirdsofalldogownersgiveicecreamottheirdogs.UnfortunatelysaysWilliamTyznikanexpertonanimalnutrition营养atOhioStateUniversityicecreamisnotgoodfordogs.Ithasmilksugarinithesayswhichdogscannotdigestverywell.2.BotheredbythatknowledgebutawareofthedesireofdogownerstopleasetheircompanionsTyznikinventedanewfrozentreatfordogsthathesaysismorenutritiousthanicecream--andasmuchfuntoeat.TheproductcalledFrostyPawsismadeofaliquidby-product副产品ofcheeseandmilkwiththesugarremoved.FrostyPawsalsocontainsrefinedsoyflourwatervegetableoilvitaminsandminerals.IttookTyznikwhohasalsoinventedahorsefeedcalledTizwhizandanotherdogfoodnamedTizbitsthreeyearstoperfecttheFrostyPawsformulasandtwoattemptstocommercialiseit.Afterlosing＄25000tryingtomarkettheinventionhimselfTyzniksoldtherightstoAssociatedIceCreamofWestervilleOhiowhichmakestheproductandpackagesitincups.3.TyznikclaimsthatFrostyPawshasbeentestedextensivelyandthatdogsloveit.Of1400dogsthathavebeenofferedtheproducthesays89percenttookitonthefirsttry.ThreeoutoffourpreferredittoMilk-Boneorsausages.Theproductwhichwillbeavailableintheice-creamsectionofsupermarketscomesinpacksofthreeorfourcupscostingbetween＄1.79.4.WhatwouldhappenifahumanshouldmistakeFrostyPawsforrealicecreamNothingsaysTyznik.It’sharmlessbutfranklyhesaysitwon’ttasteverygood.Para4______.A.ThepriceofFrostyPaws.B.Noharmtohuman.C.Thecreationofanewkindoficecreamfordogs.D.Harmtohuman.E.Feedingice-creamstodogs.F.Attractiontodogs.
Aspeoplecontinuetogrowandageourbodysystemscontinuetochange.Atacertainpointinyourlifeyourbodysystemswillbegintoweaken.Yourjointsmaybecomestiff.Itmaybecomemoredifficultforyoutoseeandhear.Theslowchangeofageingcausesourbodiestolosesomeoftheirabilitytobouncebackformdiseaseandinjury.Inordertolivelongerwehavealwaystriedtosloworstopthisprocessthatleadsustowardtheendofourlives.Manyfactorscontributetoyourhealth.Awell-balanceddietplaysanimportantrole.Theamountandtypeofexerciseyougetisanotherfactor.Yourlivingenvironmentandtheamountofstressyouareunderisyetanother.Butscientistsstudyingsenescence衰老wanttoknow:WhydopeoplegrowoldTheyhopethatbyexaminingtheageingprocessonacellularlevelmedicalsciencemaybeabletoextendthelengthoflife.Thereisnothingtobeafraidofasoldageapproaches.Manyconsiderthelaterportionsoflifetobethebesttimeforliving.Physicalactivitymaylessenbutoftenyougainabroaderunderstandingofyourselfandtheworld.Whatweconsideroldagenowmayonlybemiddle-agedsomedaysoon.Whoknowswithsomanyadvancesinmedicalsciencehappeningsoquicklylifespansmayonedaybemeasuredincenturiesratherthaninyears!Peoplewanttoliveforevernowadays.
Ihavegreatconfidencethatbytheendofthedecadewe’llknowinvastdetailhowcancercellsarisesaysmicrobiologistRobertWeinberganexpertoncancerButhecautionssomepeoplehavetheideathatonceoneunderstandsthecausesthecurewillrapidlyfollow.ConsiderPasteur.Hediscoveredthecausesofmanykindsofinfectionsbutitwasfiftyorsixtyyearsbeforecureswereavailable.Thisyear50percentofthe910000peoplewhosufferfromcancerwillsurviveatleastfiveyears.Intheyear2000theNationalCancerInstituteestimatesthatfigurewillbe75percent.Forsomeskincancersthefive-yearsurvivalrateisashighas90percent.Butothersurvivalstatistic统计ratestilldiscouraging-13percentforlungcancerand2percentforcancerofthepancreas胰腺.Withasmanyas120varietiesinexistencediscoveringhowcancerworksisnoteasy.Theresearchersmadegreatprogressintheearly1970swhentheydiscoveredthatoncogeneswhicharecancer-causinggenes基因areinactiveinnormalceils.Anythingfromcosmicraystoradiationtodietmayactivateadormantoncogenebuthowremainsunknown.Ifseveraloncogenesaredrivenintoactionthecellunabletoturnthemoffbecomescancerous.Theexactmechanismsinvolvedarestillmysteriousbutthelikelihoodthatmanycancersareinitiatedatthelevelofgenessuggestthatwewillneverpreventallcancers.ChangesareanormalpartoftheevolutionaryprocesssaysoneologistWilliamHayward.Environmentalfactorscanneverbetotallyeliminated;asHaywardpointsoutWecan’tprepareamedicineagainstcosmicrays.Theprospectsforcurethoughstilldistantarebrighter.Firstweneedtounderstandhowthenormalcellcontrolsitself.Secondwehavetodeterminewhethertherearealimitednumberofgenesincellswhicharealwaysresponsibleforatleastpartofthetrouble.Ifwecanunderstandhowcancerworkswecancounteractitsaction./Whatisthediscoverymadeintheearly1970s
ManyIQtestsshowthattherearenosignificantdifferencesinthemeanoraveragescoresofIQtestsbetweenmenandwomen.WhenanewIQtestisbeingconstructeditisquiteeasytofindtest51thatarenotansweredcorrectly52thesameproportionsofmenandwomen53theseareusuallytheneliminatedfromthetest.Sotosome54thefactthatnodifferencesaretobefoundinourcurrentIQtestsbetweenthe55forthetwosexesishardlysurprising.Thereare56differencesinthestandarddeviations偏差orvariabilityofthe57ofthetwosexesinmanyIQtests58menshowingthegreatervariation.The59ofmanyIQtestscoresaresuch60theyapproximatetothenormalcurve正规曲线.Ifweregardsomearbitrarylowerscoreonatestasaclassificationlikeeducationalsubnormal智力上逊常的人ESNandsomeequallyarbitrary61scoreasgiftedwethenfindthatthereishigherratioofESNmalestowomenandlikewisewe62thattherearemoregiftedmenthanwomeneventhoughtheaveragescoresarethesame.The63ofmenandwomenareknowntodiffersomewhatinsizewithwomenhavingabout200glesstissue64theotherhandtheyalsotendto65lessbodymassandoverthephylogenetic系统发育的scalethebestindexofspeciesintelligenceistheratioofbodymasstobrainsize.
Aspeoplecontinuetogrowandageourbodysystemscontinuetochange.Atacertainpointinyourlifeyourbodysystemswillbegintoweaken.Yourjointsmaybecomestiff.Itmaybecomemoredifficultforyoutoseeandhear.Theslowchangeofageingcausesourbodiestolosesomeoftheirabilitytobouncebackformdiseaseandinjury.Inordertolivelongerwehavealwaystriedtosloworstopthisprocessthatleadsustowardtheendofourlives.Manyfactorscontributetoyourhealth.Awell-balanceddietplaysanimportantrole.Theamountandtypeofexerciseyougetisanotherfactor.Yourlivingenvironmentandtheamountofstressyouareunderisyetanother.Butscientistsstudyingsenescence衰老wanttoknow:WhydopeoplegrowoldTheyhopethatbyexaminingtheageingprocessonacellularlevelmedicalsciencemaybeabletoextendthelengthoflife.Thereisnothingtobeafraidofasoldageapproaches.Manyconsiderthelaterportionsoflifetobethebesttimeforliving.Physicalactivitymaylessenbutoftenyougainabroaderunderstandingofyourselfandtheworld.Whatweconsideroldagenowmayonlybemiddle-agedsomedaysoon.Whoknowswithsomanyadvancesinmedicalsciencehappeningsoquicklylifespansmayonedaybemeasuredincenturiesratherthaninyears!Themainideaofthispassageishowtolivelonger.
1.Humansnotonlyloveeatingicecreamtheyenjoyfeedingittotheirpets宠物.Marketstudiesshowthattwothirdsofalldogownersgiveicecreamottheirdogs.UnfortunatelysaysWilliamTyznikanexpertonanimalnutrition营养atOhioStateUniversityicecreamisnotgoodfordogs.Ithasmilksugarinithesayswhichdogscannotdigestverywell.2.BotheredbythatknowledgebutawareofthedesireofdogownerstopleasetheircompanionsTyznikinventedanewfrozentreatfordogsthathesaysismorenutritiousthanicecream--andasmuchfuntoeat.TheproductcalledFrostyPawsismadeofaliquidby-product副产品ofcheeseandmilkwiththesugarremoved.FrostyPawsalsocontainsrefinedsoyflourwatervegetableoilvitaminsandminerals.IttookTyznikwhohasalsoinventedahorsefeedcalledTizwhizandanotherdogfoodnamedTizbitsthreeyearstoperfecttheFrostyPawsformulasandtwoattemptstocommercialiseit.Afterlosing＄25000tryingtomarkettheinventionhimselfTyzniksoldtherightstoAssociatedIceCreamofWestervilleOhiowhichmakestheproductandpackagesitincups.3.TyznikclaimsthatFrostyPawshasbeentestedextensivelyandthatdogsloveit.Of1400dogsthathavebeenofferedtheproducthesays89percenttookitonthefirsttry.ThreeoutoffourpreferredittoMilk-Boneorsausages.Theproductwhichwillbeavailableintheice-creamsectionofsupermarketscomesinpacksofthreeorfourcupscostingbetween＄1.79.4.WhatwouldhappenifahumanshouldmistakeFrostyPawsforrealicecreamNothingsaysTyznik.It’sharmlessbutfranklyhesaysitwon’ttasteverygood.Itissoldinpacksof3or4______.A.cupsB.roadsC.sugarD.productsE.by-productsF.supermarkets.
Themedicalworldisgraduallyrealizingthatthequalityoftheenvironmentinhospitalsmayplayasignificantroleintheprocessofrecoveryfromillness.Aspartofanation-wideeffortinBritaintobringartoutthegalleriesandintopublicplacessomeofthecountry’smosttalentedartistshavecalledintotransformolderhospitalsandtosoftenthehardedgesofmodernbuildings.Ofthe2500NationalhealthServicehospitalsinBritainalmost100nowhavesignificantcollectionsofcontemporaryartincorridorswaitingareasandtreatmentrooms.TheserecentinitiativesoweagreatdealtooneartistPeterSeniorwhosetuphisstudioataManchesterhospitalinnorth-easternEngland.Thequalityoftheenvironmentmayreducetheneedforexpensivedrugswhenapatientisrecoveringformanillness.Astudyhasshownthatpatientswhohadaviewontoagardenneededhalfthenumberofstrongpainkillerscomparedwithpatientswhohadnoviewatalloronlyabrickwalltolookatduringtheearly1970s.hefelttheartisthadlosthisplaceinmodernsocietyandthatartshouldbeenjoyedbyawideraudience.Atypicalhospitalwaitingroommighthaveasmanyas5000visitorseachweek.WhatbetterplacetoholdregularexhibitionsofartSeniorheldthefirstexhibitionofhisownpaintingsintheout-patients’waitingareaoftheManchesterroyalInfirmaryin1975.BelievedtobeBritain’sfirsthospital-artistSeniorwassomuchindemandthathewassoonjoinedbyateamofsixyoungartschoolgraduates.Theeffectisstriking.Insteadofthefamiliarlongbarrencorridorsanddullwaitingroomsthevisitorsexperienceafullviewoffreshcoloursplayfulimagesandrestfulcourtyards.PeterSenioris______.
Ihavegreatconfidencethatbytheendofthedecadewe’llknowinvastdetailhowcancercellsarisesaysmicrobiologistRobertWeinberganexpertoncancerButhecautionssomepeoplehavetheideathatonceoneunderstandsthecausesthecurewillrapidlyfollow.ConsiderPasteur.Hediscoveredthecausesofmanykindsofinfectionsbutitwasfiftyorsixtyyearsbeforecureswereavailable.Thisyear50percentofthe910000peoplewhosufferfromcancerwillsurviveatleastfiveyears.Intheyear2000theNationalCancerInstituteestimatesthatfigurewillbe75percent.Forsomeskincancersthefive-yearsurvivalrateisashighas90percent.Butothersurvivalstatistic统计ratestilldiscouraging-13percentforlungcancerand2percentforcancerofthepancreas胰腺.Withasmanyas120varietiesinexistencediscoveringhowcancerworksisnoteasy.Theresearchersmadegreatprogressintheearly1970swhentheydiscoveredthatoncogeneswhicharecancer-causinggenes基因areinactiveinnormalceils.Anythingfromcosmicraystoradiationtodietmayactivateadormantoncogenebuthowremainsunknown.Ifseveraloncogenesaredrivenintoactionthecellunabletoturnthemoffbecomescancerous.Theexactmechanismsinvolvedarestillmysteriousbutthelikelihoodthatmanycancersareinitiatedatthelevelofgenessuggestthatwewillneverpreventallcancers.ChangesareanormalpartoftheevolutionaryprocesssaysoneologistWilliamHayward.Environmentalfactorscanneverbetotallyeliminated;asHaywardpointsoutWecan’tprepareamedicineagainstcosmicrays.Theprospectsforcurethoughstilldistantarebrighter.Firstweneedtounderstandhowthenormalcellcontrolsitself.Secondwehavetodeterminewhethertherearealimitednumberofgenesincellswhicharealwaysresponsibleforatleastpartofthetrouble.Ifwecanunderstandhowcancerworkswecancounteractitsaction./AccordingtoRobertWeinbergwhichofthefollowingistrue
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