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As people continue to grow and age, our body systems continue to change. At a certain point in your ...
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Wewouldmuchappreciateitifyoucoulddousafavor.
1.PsychologistGeorgeSpilichandcolleaguesatWashingtonCollegeinChestertownMarylanddecidedtofindoutwhetherasmanysmokersaysmokinghelpsthemthinkandconcentrate.Spilichputyoungnon-smokersactivesmokersandsmokersdeprived被剥夺ofcigarettesthroughaseriesoftests.2.Inthefirsttesteachsubject试验对象satbeforeacomputerscreenandpressedakeyassoonasheorsherecognizedatargetletteramongagroupingof96.Inthissimpletestsmokersdeprivedsmokersandnon-smokersperformedequallywell.3.Thenexttestwasmorecomplexrequiringalltoseesequencesof20identicallettersandrespondtheinstantoneoftheletterstransformedintoadifferentone.Nonsmokerswerefasterbutunderthestimulationofnicotine尼古丁activesmokerswerefasterthandeprivedsmokers.4.Inthethirdtestofshort-termmemorynon-smokersmadethefewesterrorsbutdeprivedsmokerscommittedfewererrorsthanactivesmokers.5.ThefourthtestrequiredpeopletoreadapassagethenanswerquestionsaboutitNon-smokersremembered19percentmoreofthemostimportantinformationthanactivesmokersanddeprivedsmokersbestedthosewhohadsmokedacigarettejustbeforetesting.Activesmokerstendednotonlytohavepoorermemoriesbutalsohadtroubleseparatingimportantinformationfrominsignificantdetails.6.Asourtestsbecamemorecomplex.SumsupSpilichnon--smokersperformedbetterthansmokersbywiderandwidermargins.Hepredictssmokersmightperformadequatelyatmanyjobs--untiltheygotcomplicated.Asmokingairlinepilotcouldflyadequatelyifnoproblemsarosebutifsomethingwentwrongsmokingmightdamagehismentalcapacity./Para2______.
Itisridiculoustodisputeaboutsuchthings.
Shegaveupherjobtolookafterherinvalidmother.
Moodssaytheexpertsareemotionsthattendtobecomefixedinfluencingone’soutlookforhoursdaysorevenweeks.That’sgreatifyourmoodisapleasantonebutaproblemifyouaresadanxiousangryorsimplylonely.Perhapsthebestwaytodealwithsuchmoodsistotalkthemout;sometimesthoughthereisnoonetolisten.Modernpharmacology药理学offersanabundanceoftranquilizers安眠药anti-depressantsandanti-anxietydrugs.Whatmanypeopledon’trealizehoweveristhatscientistshavediscoveredtheeffectivenessofseveralnon-drugapproachestomakeyouloosefromanunwantedmood.Thesecanbejustasusefulasdrugsandhavetheaddedbenefitofbeingnon-poisonous.Sonexttimeyoufeeloutofsortsdon’theadforthedrug-storetrythefollowingapproach.Ofallthemood-alteringself-helptechniquesaerobic增氧健身的exerciseseemstobethemostefficientcureforahadmood.Ifyoucouldkeeptheexerciseyou’dbeinhighspiritssaysKathrynLanceauthorofRunningforHealthandBeauty.Researchershaveexplainedbiochemicalandvariousotherchangesthatmakeexercisecomparefavorablytodrugsasamood-raiser.Physicalexertionsuchashouseworkhoweverdoeslittle.Thekeyisaerobicexercise--runningcyclingwalkingswimmingorotherrepetitiveandsustainedactivitiesthatboosttheheartrateincreasecirculationandimprovethebody’sutilizationofoxygen.Dothemforatleast20minutesasessionthreetofivetimesaweek.Whatisthemainsubjectofthepassage
1.PsychologistGeorgeSpilichandcolleaguesatWashingtonCollegeinChestertownMarylanddecidedtofindoutwhetherasmanysmokersaysmokinghelpsthemthinkandconcentrate.Spilichputyoungnon-smokersactivesmokersandsmokersdeprived被剥夺ofcigarettesthroughaseriesoftests.2.Inthefirsttesteachsubject试验对象satbeforeacomputerscreenandpressedakeyassoonasheorsherecognizedatargetletteramongagroupingof96.Inthissimpletestsmokersdeprivedsmokersandnon-smokersperformedequallywell.3.Thenexttestwasmorecomplexrequiringalltoseesequencesof20identicallettersandrespondtheinstantoneoftheletterstransformedintoadifferentone.Nonsmokerswerefasterbutunderthestimulationofnicotine尼古丁activesmokerswerefasterthandeprivedsmokers.4.Inthethirdtestofshort-termmemorynon-smokersmadethefewesterrorsbutdeprivedsmokerscommittedfewererrorsthanactivesmokers.5.ThefourthtestrequiredpeopletoreadapassagethenanswerquestionsaboutitNon-smokersremembered19percentmoreofthemostimportantinformationthanactivesmokersanddeprivedsmokersbestedthosewhohadsmokedacigarettejustbeforetesting.Activesmokerstendednotonlytohavepoorermemoriesbutalsohadtroubleseparatingimportantinformationfrominsignificantdetails.6.Asourtestsbecamemorecomplex.SumsupSpilichnon--smokersperformedbetterthansmokersbywiderandwidermargins.Hepredictssmokersmightperformadequatelyatmanyjobs--untiltheygotcomplicated.Asmokingairlinepilotcouldflyadequatelyifnoproblemsarosebutifsomethingwentwrongsmokingmightdamagehismentalcapacity./Para6______.A.Thefirsttest.B.Smokerscan’tdocomplexjobswell.C.Smokersareeasilytogetcancer.D.Thefourthtest.E.Scientistsdecidedtofindoutwhethersmokecouldhelptothink.F.Non-smokersresponsemoreaquicklythansmokers.
Beforeanyperiodofexerciseitiswellworthspendingtwoorthreeminuteswarmingupwithaseriesofsimplestretchingexercises.Thisnotonlyhelpsyourjoints关节tomoveeasilybutalsopreparesallyourmusclegroupsformoreenergeticactivity.Itisratherlikeacatstretchingitselfbeforeitspringsintoaction.Herearefourmovementstodoinaneasyandunhurriedwaygentlystretchingeachactionwithoutforcingit.Repeateachmovementtentimesbreathingnormallythroughout.Ⅰ.Standingwithyourfeetapartpushbotharmsoutstraightinfrontofyoufingertipstouching.Raisethemaboveyourheadthendowntothesidespushingeacharmbackwardsatthesametime.Ⅱ.Standingwithyourfeetapartandhandsonhips臀部.Tipyourheadbackandlookstraightuptotheceiling.Rollyourheadroundslowlytofacetherightthenthefloorthentheleftandfinallyupattheceilingagain.Repeatintheotherdirection.Ⅲ.Standingwithyourfeetapartandhandsonyoursidesleanfirsttotherightandthentotheleftslidingthehanddownthesideoftheleg.Ⅳ.Standingfeetapartandarmsoutstraightinfrontwithyoureyesfixedonyourrighthandsswingyourrightarmroundtotherightkeepingitstraightasfarasitwillgo.Returnittothefrontandrepeatwiththeleftarm.Beforeexercise.You’dbetterdosomethingtowarmupfirst.
Theworldisknowntousthroughmanysensesnotjusthearingsmellvisionandatcloserangetouchandtaste.Ourskinsletusknowwhethertheairismoistordrywhethersurfacesarewetwithoutbeingstickyorslippery.Fromtheuniformityofslightpressurewecanbeawarehowdeeplyafingeristhrustintowateratbodytemperatureevenifthefingerisenclosedinarubberglovethatkeepstheskincompletelydry.Manyotheranimalswithhighlysensitiveskinsappeartobeabletolearnstillmoreabouttheirenvironment.Oftentheydosowithoutemployinganyofthefivesenses.Byobservingthecapabilitiesofothermembersoftheanimalkingdomwecometorealizethatahumanbeinghasfarmorepossibilitiesthanareutilized.Weneglecteversomanyofoursensesinconcentratingonthefivemajorones.Atthesametimeacomparisonbetweenanimalsandmandrawsattentiontothelimitationsofeachsense.Thepartofthespectrum光谱seenbycolor-consciousmanasredisnon-existentforhoney-bees.Butabeecanseefarmoreinflowersthanwebecausetheultra-violet紫外线towhichoureyesareblindisastimulating刺激的partoftheinsect’sspectrumandforhoneybeesatleastconstitutesaseparatecolor.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage
Firewoodisscarceinmanypartsoftheworld.
Hospitalvisitscanbeunsettlingforall51andvisitorsareoftenunsureofhowtobehaveatthebedsideofsickfriendor52.Thismayexplainwhysomanypeopleshyawayfromahospitalvisit--notforfearofinfection53ratherofsayingthewrongthing.Byfollowingafewsimpleguidelinesthoughembarrassmentcaneasilybeavoided.Avisitisimportantforasickpersonbecauseitallowsthemto54socialcontactsaysKarlKoehleprofessorattheInstituteforPsychosomaticsandClinicalPsychologyatCologneUniversity.Visiting55hesayscanactuallystrengtheninterpersonalrelationships.Unfortunatelymanypeopleonlythinkofthisaspectduringthefirstfewweeks.Thenagainnot56patientmaywanttoreceivevisitors.Soit’salwaysadvisabletoarrangeavisit57withthesickpersonoraclosefriendorrelative.ThatappliesparticularlytovisitstoahomeevenmorethaninhospitalsaysIngeWolffheadoftheinternationalWorkingGrouponEtiquetteinBielefeld.Butmoderationis58.Therearefrequentcasesof59illpeoplebecomingworn60byanendlessstreamsofvisitors.That’swhenthedoctorsmightcallahalttoitsaysKoehlefromexperience.Andtheotherpatientsinthewardneedtobetakeninto61toosaysetiquetteexpertIngeWolff.Theycanoftenfeelpesteredbyaneighbour’sfrequentvisits.Mobilephonesshouldalwaysbeturnedoffandkeptoutof62duringavisit.Otherwisethesickpersoncouldgettheimpressionthatthevisitorreallyhasnotimeandwouldliketobeoffassoonasanopportunemoment63saysWolff.64hospitalsforbidtheuseofcellphonesinthevicinityofhospitalequipment.Visitorsshouldtakeasmallgiftsuchasanewspaperormagazine65abook.SweetsaretrickysaysIngeWolffbecausethepatientmaybeunderinstructionstokeeptoaspecialdiet.Alsothepresentshouldn’tbetoolargeoroverthetop--suchasahugebasketoffruit.
PriscillaOuchida’senergy-efficienthouseturnedouttobeahorribledream.Whensheandherengineerhusbandmarriedafewyearsagotheybuilta＄100000three--bedroomhomeinCalifornia.Tightlysealedtopreventairleaksthehousewasequippedwithsmalldouble-parted双层玻璃windowsandseveralotherenergy-savingfeatures.Problemsbeganassoonasthecouplemovedinhowever.Priscilla’seyesburned.Herthroatwasconstantlydry.Shesufferedfromheadachesandcouldhardlysleep.Itwasasthoughshehadsuddenlydevelopedastrangeillness.Expertsfinallytracedthecauseofherillness.Thelevelofformaldehyde甲醛gasinherkitchenwastwicethemaximumallowedbyfederalstandardsforchemicalworkers.ThesourceofthegasHernewkitchencabinetsandwall-to-wallcarpeting.TheOuchidasarevictimsofindoorairpollutionwhichisnotgivensufficientattentionpartlybecauseofthenation’sdrivetosaveenergy.Theproblemitselfisn’tnew.Theindoorenvironmentwasdirtylongbeforeenergyconservationcamealong.SaysMoschandreasapollutionscientistatGeometTechnologiesinMaryland.Energycon-servationhastendedtoaccentuatethesituationinsomecases.Theproblemappearstobemoretroublesomeinnewlyconstructedhomesratherthanoldones.Backinthedayswhenenergywascheaphomebuildersdidn’tworrymuchaboutunsealedcracks.Becauseofsuchleakstheairinanaveragehomewasreplacedbyfreshoutdoorairaboutonceanhour.Asaresultpollutantsgeneratedinmosthouseholdsseldombuiltuptodangerouslevels.Whywerecracksinoldhousesnotabigconcern
Hospitalvisitscanbeunsettlingforall51andvisitorsareoftenunsureofhowtobehaveatthebedsideofsickfriendor52.Thismayexplainwhysomanypeopleshyawayfromahospitalvisit--notforfearofinfection53ratherofsayingthewrongthing.Byfollowingafewsimpleguidelinesthoughembarrassmentcaneasilybeavoided.Avisitisimportantforasickpersonbecauseitallowsthemto54socialcontactsaysKarlKoehleprofessorattheInstituteforPsychosomaticsandClinicalPsychologyatCologneUniversity.Visiting55hesayscanactuallystrengtheninterpersonalrelationships.Unfortunatelymanypeopleonlythinkofthisaspectduringthefirstfewweeks.Thenagainnot56patientmaywanttoreceivevisitors.Soit’salwaysadvisabletoarrangeavisit57withthesickpersonoraclosefriendorrelative.ThatappliesparticularlytovisitstoahomeevenmorethaninhospitalsaysIngeWolffheadoftheinternationalWorkingGrouponEtiquetteinBielefeld.Butmoderationis58.Therearefrequentcasesof59illpeoplebecomingworn60byanendlessstreamsofvisitors.That’swhenthedoctorsmightcallahalttoitsaysKoehlefromexperience.Andtheotherpatientsinthewardneedtobetakeninto61toosaysetiquetteexpertIngeWolff.Theycanoftenfeelpesteredbyaneighbour’sfrequentvisits.Mobilephonesshouldalwaysbeturnedoffandkeptoutof62duringavisit.Otherwisethesickpersoncouldgettheimpressionthatthevisitorreallyhasnotimeandwouldliketobeoffassoonasanopportunemoment63saysWolff.64hospitalsforbidtheuseofcellphonesinthevicinityofhospitalequipment.Visitorsshouldtakeasmallgiftsuchasanewspaperormagazine65abook.SweetsaretrickysaysIngeWolffbecausethepatientmaybeunderinstructionstokeeptoaspecialdiet.Alsothepresentshouldn’tbetoolargeoroverthetop--suchasahugebasketoffruit.
Moodssaytheexpertsareemotionsthattendtobecomefixedinfluencingone’soutlookforhoursdaysorevenweeks.That’sgreatifyourmoodisapleasantonebutaproblemifyouaresadanxiousangryorsimplylonely.Perhapsthebestwaytodealwithsuchmoodsistotalkthemout;sometimesthoughthereisnoonetolisten.Modernpharmacology药理学offersanabundanceoftranquilizers安眠药anti-depressantsandanti-anxietydrugs.Whatmanypeopledon’trealizehoweveristhatscientistshavediscoveredtheeffectivenessofseveralnon-drugapproachestomakeyouloosefromanunwantedmood.Thesecanbejustasusefulasdrugsandhavetheaddedbenefitofbeingnon-poisonous.Sonexttimeyoufeeloutofsortsdon’theadforthedrug-storetrythefollowingapproach.Ofallthemood-alteringself-helptechniquesaerobic增氧健身的exerciseseemstobethemostefficientcureforahadmood.Ifyoucouldkeeptheexerciseyou’dbeinhighspiritssaysKathrynLanceauthorofRunningforHealthandBeauty.Researchershaveexplainedbiochemicalandvariousotherchangesthatmakeexercisecomparefavorablytodrugsasamood-raiser.Physicalexertionsuchashouseworkhoweverdoeslittle.Thekeyisaerobicexercise--runningcyclingwalkingswimmingorotherrepetitiveandsustainedactivitiesthatboosttheheartrateincreasecirculationandimprovethebody’sutilizationofoxygen.Dothemforatleast20minutesasessionthreetofivetimesaweek.Feeloutofsortsasitisusedinthesecondparagraphcouldbestbereplacedby______.
Thenewcaratthemotor-showwasaveryunusualshape.
Hospitalvisitscanbeunsettlingforall51andvisitorsareoftenunsureofhowtobehaveatthebedsideofsickfriendor52.Thismayexplainwhysomanypeopleshyawayfromahospitalvisit--notforfearofinfection53ratherofsayingthewrongthing.Byfollowingafewsimpleguidelinesthoughembarrassmentcaneasilybeavoided.Avisitisimportantforasickpersonbecauseitallowsthemto54socialcontactsaysKarlKoehleprofessorattheInstituteforPsychosomaticsandClinicalPsychologyatCologneUniversity.Visiting55hesayscanactuallystrengtheninterpersonalrelationships.Unfortunatelymanypeopleonlythinkofthisaspectduringthefirstfewweeks.Thenagainnot56patientmaywanttoreceivevisitors.Soit’salwaysadvisabletoarrangeavisit57withthesickpersonoraclosefriendorrelative.ThatappliesparticularlytovisitstoahomeevenmorethaninhospitalsaysIngeWolffheadoftheinternationalWorkingGrouponEtiquetteinBielefeld.Butmoderationis58.Therearefrequentcasesof59illpeoplebecomingworn60byanendlessstreamsofvisitors.That’swhenthedoctorsmightcallahalttoitsaysKoehlefromexperience.Andtheotherpatientsinthewardneedtobetakeninto61toosaysetiquetteexpertIngeWolff.Theycanoftenfeelpesteredbyaneighbour’sfrequentvisits.Mobilephonesshouldalwaysbeturnedoffandkeptoutof62duringavisit.Otherwisethesickpersoncouldgettheimpressionthatthevisitorreallyhasnotimeandwouldliketobeoffassoonasanopportunemoment63saysWolff.64hospitalsforbidtheuseofcellphonesinthevicinityofhospitalequipment.Visitorsshouldtakeasmallgiftsuchasanewspaperormagazine65abook.SweetsaretrickysaysIngeWolffbecausethepatientmaybeunderinstructionstokeeptoaspecialdiet.Alsothepresentshouldn’tbetoolargeoroverthetop--suchasahugebasketoffruit.
Hospitalvisitscanbeunsettlingforall51andvisitorsareoftenunsureofhowtobehaveatthebedsideofsickfriendor52.Thismayexplainwhysomanypeopleshyawayfromahospitalvisit--notforfearofinfection53ratherofsayingthewrongthing.Byfollowingafewsimpleguidelinesthoughembarrassmentcaneasilybeavoided.Avisitisimportantforasickpersonbecauseitallowsthemto54socialcontactsaysKarlKoehleprofessorattheInstituteforPsychosomaticsandClinicalPsychologyatCologneUniversity.Visiting55hesayscanactuallystrengtheninterpersonalrelationships.Unfortunatelymanypeopleonlythinkofthisaspectduringthefirstfewweeks.Thenagainnot56patientmaywanttoreceivevisitors.Soit’salwaysadvisabletoarrangeavisit57withthesickpersonoraclosefriendorrelative.ThatappliesparticularlytovisitstoahomeevenmorethaninhospitalsaysIngeWolffheadoftheinternationalWorkingGrouponEtiquetteinBielefeld.Butmoderationis58.Therearefrequentcasesof59illpeoplebecomingworn60byanendlessstreamsofvisitors.That’swhenthedoctorsmightcallahalttoitsaysKoehlefromexperience.Andtheotherpatientsinthewardneedtobetakeninto61toosaysetiquetteexpertIngeWolff.Theycanoftenfeelpesteredbyaneighbour’sfrequentvisits.Mobilephonesshouldalwaysbeturnedoffandkeptoutof62duringavisit.Otherwisethesickpersoncouldgettheimpressionthatthevisitorreallyhasnotimeandwouldliketobeoffassoonasanopportunemoment63saysWolff.64hospitalsforbidtheuseofcellphonesinthevicinityofhospitalequipment.Visitorsshouldtakeasmallgiftsuchasanewspaperormagazine65abook.SweetsaretrickysaysIngeWolffbecausethepatientmaybeunderinstructionstokeeptoaspecialdiet.Alsothepresentshouldn’tbetoolargeoroverthetop--suchasahugebasketoffruit.
Therisingcostoflivingisashardoncountryfamiliesasoncityfamilies.
PriscillaOuchida’senergy-efficienthouseturnedouttobeahorribledream.Whensheandherengineerhusbandmarriedafewyearsagotheybuilta＄100000three--bedroomhomeinCalifornia.Tightlysealedtopreventairleaksthehousewasequippedwithsmalldouble-parted双层玻璃windowsandseveralotherenergy-savingfeatures.Problemsbeganassoonasthecouplemovedinhowever.Priscilla’seyesburned.Herthroatwasconstantlydry.Shesufferedfromheadachesandcouldhardlysleep.Itwasasthoughshehadsuddenlydevelopedastrangeillness.Expertsfinallytracedthecauseofherillness.Thelevelofformaldehyde甲醛gasinherkitchenwastwicethemaximumallowedbyfederalstandardsforchemicalworkers.ThesourceofthegasHernewkitchencabinetsandwall-to-wallcarpeting.TheOuchidasarevictimsofindoorairpollutionwhichisnotgivensufficientattentionpartlybecauseofthenation’sdrivetosaveenergy.Theproblemitselfisn’tnew.Theindoorenvironmentwasdirtylongbeforeenergyconservationcamealong.SaysMoschandreasapollutionscientistatGeometTechnologiesinMaryland.Energycon-servationhastendedtoaccentuatethesituationinsomecases.Theproblemappearstobemoretroublesomeinnewlyconstructedhomesratherthanoldones.Backinthedayswhenenergywascheaphomebuildersdidn’tworrymuchaboutunsealedcracks.Becauseofsuchleakstheairinanaveragehomewasreplacedbyfreshoutdoorairaboutonceanhour.Asaresultpollutantsgeneratedinmosthouseholdsseldombuiltuptodangerouslevels.WhatmadetheOuchidas’newhouseahorribledream
Hospitalvisitscanbeunsettlingforall51andvisitorsareoftenunsureofhowtobehaveatthebedsideofsickfriendor52.Thismayexplainwhysomanypeopleshyawayfromahospitalvisit--notforfearofinfection53ratherofsayingthewrongthing.Byfollowingafewsimpleguidelinesthoughembarrassmentcaneasilybeavoided.Avisitisimportantforasickpersonbecauseitallowsthemto54socialcontactsaysKarlKoehleprofessorattheInstituteforPsychosomaticsandClinicalPsychologyatCologneUniversity.Visiting55hesayscanactuallystrengtheninterpersonalrelationships.Unfortunatelymanypeopleonlythinkofthisaspectduringthefirstfewweeks.Thenagainnot56patientmaywanttoreceivevisitors.Soit’salwaysadvisabletoarrangeavisit57withthesickpersonoraclosefriendorrelative.ThatappliesparticularlytovisitstoahomeevenmorethaninhospitalsaysIngeWolffheadoftheinternationalWorkingGrouponEtiquetteinBielefeld.Butmoderationis58.Therearefrequentcasesof59illpeoplebecomingworn60byanendlessstreamsofvisitors.That’swhenthedoctorsmightcallahalttoitsaysKoehlefromexperience.Andtheotherpatientsinthewardneedtobetakeninto61toosaysetiquetteexpertIngeWolff.Theycanoftenfeelpesteredbyaneighbour’sfrequentvisits.Mobilephonesshouldalwaysbeturnedoffandkeptoutof62duringavisit.Otherwisethesickpersoncouldgettheimpressionthatthevisitorreallyhasnotimeandwouldliketobeoffassoonasanopportunemoment63saysWolff.64hospitalsforbidtheuseofcellphonesinthevicinityofhospitalequipment.Visitorsshouldtakeasmallgiftsuchasanewspaperormagazine65abook.SweetsaretrickysaysIngeWolffbecausethepatientmaybeunderinstructionstokeeptoaspecialdiet.Alsothepresentshouldn’tbetoolargeoroverthetop--suchasahugebasketoffruit.
Hospitalvisitscanbeunsettlingforall51andvisitorsareoftenunsureofhowtobehaveatthebedsideofsickfriendor52.Thismayexplainwhysomanypeopleshyawayfromahospitalvisit--notforfearofinfection53ratherofsayingthewrongthing.Byfollowingafewsimpleguidelinesthoughembarrassmentcaneasilybeavoided.Avisitisimportantforasickpersonbecauseitallowsthemto54socialcontactsaysKarlKoehleprofessorattheInstituteforPsychosomaticsandClinicalPsychologyatCologneUniversity.Visiting55hesayscanactuallystrengtheninterpersonalrelationships.Unfortunatelymanypeopleonlythinkofthisaspectduringthefirstfewweeks.Thenagainnot56patientmaywanttoreceivevisitors.Soit’salwaysadvisabletoarrangeavisit57withthesickpersonoraclosefriendorrelative.ThatappliesparticularlytovisitstoahomeevenmorethaninhospitalsaysIngeWolffheadoftheinternationalWorkingGrouponEtiquetteinBielefeld.Butmoderationis58.Therearefrequentcasesof59illpeoplebecomingworn60byanendlessstreamsofvisitors.That’swhenthedoctorsmightcallahalttoitsaysKoehlefromexperience.Andtheotherpatientsinthewardneedtobetakeninto61toosaysetiquetteexpertIngeWolff.Theycanoftenfeelpesteredbyaneighbour’sfrequentvisits.Mobilephonesshouldalwaysbeturnedoffandkeptoutof62duringavisit.Otherwisethesickpersoncouldgettheimpressionthatthevisitorreallyhasnotimeandwouldliketobeoffassoonasanopportunemoment63saysWolff.64hospitalsforbidtheuseofcellphonesinthevicinityofhospitalequipment.Visitorsshouldtakeasmallgiftsuchasanewspaperormagazine65abook.SweetsaretrickysaysIngeWolffbecausethepatientmaybeunderinstructionstokeeptoaspecialdiet.Alsothepresentshouldn’tbetoolargeoroverthetop--suchasahugebasketoffruit.
Beforeanyperiodofexerciseitiswellworthspendingtwoorthreeminuteswarmingupwithaseriesofsimplestretchingexercises.Thisnotonlyhelpsyourjoints关节tomoveeasilybutalsopreparesallyourmusclegroupsformoreenergeticactivity.Itisratherlikeacatstretchingitselfbeforeitspringsintoaction.Herearefourmovementstodoinaneasyandunhurriedwaygentlystretchingeachactionwithoutforcingit.Repeateachmovementtentimesbreathingnormallythroughout.Ⅰ.Standingwithyourfeetapartpushbotharmsoutstraightinfrontofyoufingertipstouching.Raisethemaboveyourheadthendowntothesidespushingeacharmbackwardsatthesametime.Ⅱ.Standingwithyourfeetapartandhandsonhips臀部.Tipyourheadbackandlookstraightuptotheceiling.Rollyourheadroundslowlytofacetherightthenthefloorthentheleftandfinallyupattheceilingagain.Repeatintheotherdirection.Ⅲ.Standingwithyourfeetapartandhandsonyoursidesleanfirsttotherightandthentotheleftslidingthehanddownthesideoftheleg.Ⅳ.Standingfeetapartandarmsoutstraightinfrontwithyoureyesfixedonyourrighthandsswingyourrightarmroundtotherightkeepingitstraightasfarasitwillgo.Returnittothefrontandrepeatwiththeleftarm.Whenwarmingupyou’llbreathealittlebitfaster.
Theworldisknowntousthroughmanysensesnotjusthearingsmellvisionandatcloserangetouchandtaste.Ourskinsletusknowwhethertheairismoistordrywhethersurfacesarewetwithoutbeingstickyorslippery.Fromtheuniformityofslightpressurewecanbeawarehowdeeplyafingeristhrustintowateratbodytemperatureevenifthefingerisenclosedinarubberglovethatkeepstheskincompletelydry.Manyotheranimalswithhighlysensitiveskinsappeartobeabletolearnstillmoreabouttheirenvironment.Oftentheydosowithoutemployinganyofthefivesenses.Byobservingthecapabilitiesofothermembersoftheanimalkingdomwecometorealizethatahumanbeinghasfarmorepossibilitiesthanareutilized.Weneglecteversomanyofoursensesinconcentratingonthefivemajorones.Atthesametimeacomparisonbetweenanimalsandmandrawsattentiontothelimitationsofeachsense.Thepartofthespectrum光谱seenbycolor-consciousmanasredisnon-existentforhoney-bees.Butabeecanseefarmoreinflowersthanwebecausetheultra-violet紫外线towhichoureyesareblindisastimulating刺激的partoftheinsect’sspectrumandforhoneybeesatleastconstitutesaseparatecolor.ThephrasesensitiveskinsPar
Moodssaytheexpertsareemotionsthattendtobecomefixedinfluencingone’soutlookforhoursdaysorevenweeks.That’sgreatifyourmoodisapleasantonebutaproblemifyouaresadanxiousangryorsimplylonely.Perhapsthebestwaytodealwithsuchmoodsistotalkthemout;sometimesthoughthereisnoonetolisten.Modernpharmacology药理学offersanabundanceoftranquilizers安眠药anti-depressantsandanti-anxietydrugs.Whatmanypeopledon’trealizehoweveristhatscientistshavediscoveredtheeffectivenessofseveralnon-drugapproachestomakeyouloosefromanunwantedmood.Thesecanbejustasusefulasdrugsandhavetheaddedbenefitofbeingnon-poisonous.Sonexttimeyoufeeloutofsortsdon’theadforthedrug-storetrythefollowingapproach.Ofallthemood-alteringself-helptechniquesaerobic增氧健身的exerciseseemstobethemostefficientcureforahadmood.Ifyoucouldkeeptheexerciseyou’dbeinhighspiritssaysKathrynLanceauthorofRunningforHealthandBeauty.Researchershaveexplainedbiochemicalandvariousotherchangesthatmakeexercisecomparefavorablytodrugsasamood-raiser.Physicalexertionsuchashouseworkhoweverdoeslittle.Thekeyisaerobicexercise--runningcyclingwalkingswimmingorotherrepetitiveandsustainedactivitiesthatboosttheheartrateincreasecirculationandimprovethebody’sutilizationofoxygen.Dothemforatleast20minutesasessionthreetofivetimesaweek.Whichofthefollowingcanbestdescribetheissueofthepassage
1.PsychologistGeorgeSpilichandcolleaguesatWashingtonCollegeinChestertownMarylanddecidedtofindoutwhetherasmanysmokersaysmokinghelpsthemthinkandconcentrate.Spilichputyoungnon-smokersactivesmokersandsmokersdeprived被剥夺ofcigarettesthroughaseriesoftests.2.Inthefirsttesteachsubject试验对象satbeforeacomputerscreenandpressedakeyassoonasheorsherecognizedatargetletteramongagroupingof96.Inthissimpletestsmokersdeprivedsmokersandnon-smokersperformedequallywell.3.Thenexttestwasmorecomplexrequiringalltoseesequencesof20identicallettersandrespondtheinstantoneoftheletterstransformedintoadifferentone.Nonsmokerswerefasterbutunderthestimulationofnicotine尼古丁activesmokerswerefasterthandeprivedsmokers.4.Inthethirdtestofshort-termmemorynon-smokersmadethefewesterrorsbutdeprivedsmokerscommittedfewererrorsthanactivesmokers.5.ThefourthtestrequiredpeopletoreadapassagethenanswerquestionsaboutitNon-smokersremembered19percentmoreofthemostimportantinformationthanactivesmokersanddeprivedsmokersbestedthosewhohadsmokedacigarettejustbeforetesting.Activesmokerstendednotonlytohavepoorermemoriesbutalsohadtroubleseparatingimportantinformationfrominsignificantdetails.6.Asourtestsbecamemorecomplex.SumsupSpilichnon--smokersperformedbetterthansmokersbywiderandwidermargins.Hepredictssmokersmightperformadequatelyatmanyjobs--untiltheygotcomplicated.Asmokingairlinepilotcouldflyadequatelyifnoproblemsarosebutifsomethingwentwrongsmokingmightdamagehismentalcapacity./Thepurposeofthethirdtestistotestsubject’s______.A.computerscreenB.memoryC.vegetableD.mentalcapacityE.nicotineF.speed
Beforeanyperiodofexerciseitiswellworthspendingtwoorthreeminuteswarmingupwithaseriesofsimplestretchingexercises.Thisnotonlyhelpsyourjoints关节tomoveeasilybutalsopreparesallyourmusclegroupsformoreenergeticactivity.Itisratherlikeacatstretchingitselfbeforeitspringsintoaction.Herearefourmovementstodoinaneasyandunhurriedwaygentlystretchingeachactionwithoutforcingit.Repeateachmovementtentimesbreathingnormallythroughout.Ⅰ.Standingwithyourfeetapartpushbotharmsoutstraightinfrontofyoufingertipstouching.Raisethemaboveyourheadthendowntothesidespushingeacharmbackwardsatthesametime.Ⅱ.Standingwithyourfeetapartandhandsonhips臀部.Tipyourheadbackandlookstraightuptotheceiling.Rollyourheadroundslowlytofacetherightthenthefloorthentheleftandfinallyupattheceilingagain.Repeatintheotherdirection.Ⅲ.Standingwithyourfeetapartandhandsonyoursidesleanfirsttotherightandthentotheleftslidingthehanddownthesideoftheleg.Ⅳ.Standingfeetapartandarmsoutstraightinfrontwithyoureyesfixedonyourrighthandsswingyourrightarmroundtotherightkeepingitstraightasfarasitwillgo.Returnittothefrontandrepeatwiththeleftarm.Catsliketostretchbecauseitmakesthemfeelcomfortable.
1.PsychologistGeorgeSpilichandcolleaguesatWashingtonCollegeinChestertownMarylanddecidedtofindoutwhetherasmanysmokersaysmokinghelpsthemthinkandconcentrate.Spilichputyoungnon-smokersactivesmokersandsmokersdeprived被剥夺ofcigarettesthroughaseriesoftests.2.Inthefirsttesteachsubject试验对象satbeforeacomputerscreenandpressedakeyassoonasheorsherecognizedatargetletteramongagroupingof96.Inthissimpletestsmokersdeprivedsmokersandnon-smokersperformedequallywell.3.Thenexttestwasmorecomplexrequiringalltoseesequencesof20identicallettersandrespondtheinstantoneoftheletterstransformedintoadifferentone.Nonsmokerswerefasterbutunderthestimulationofnicotine尼古丁activesmokerswerefasterthandeprivedsmokers.4.Inthethirdtestofshort-termmemorynon-smokersmadethefewesterrorsbutdeprivedsmokerscommittedfewererrorsthanactivesmokers.5.ThefourthtestrequiredpeopletoreadapassagethenanswerquestionsaboutitNon-smokersremembered19percentmoreofthemostimportantinformationthanactivesmokersanddeprivedsmokersbestedthosewhohadsmokedacigarettejustbeforetesting.Activesmokerstendednotonlytohavepoorermemoriesbutalsohadtroubleseparatingimportantinformationfrominsignificantdetails.6.Asourtestsbecamemorecomplex.SumsupSpilichnon--smokersperformedbetterthansmokersbywiderandwidermargins.Hepredictssmokersmightperformadequatelyatmanyjobs--untiltheygotcomplicated.Asmokingairlinepilotcouldflyadequatelyifnoproblemsarosebutifsomethingwentwrongsmokingmightdamagehismentalcapacity./Smokingmightdestroypilot’s______.
Hospitalvisitscanbeunsettlingforall51andvisitorsareoftenunsureofhowtobehaveatthebedsideofsickfriendor52.Thismayexplainwhysomanypeopleshyawayfromahospitalvisit--notforfearofinfection53ratherofsayingthewrongthing.Byfollowingafewsimpleguidelinesthoughembarrassmentcaneasilybeavoided.Avisitisimportantforasickpersonbecauseitallowsthemto54socialcontactsaysKarlKoehleprofessorattheInstituteforPsychosomaticsandClinicalPsychologyatCologneUniversity.Visiting55hesayscanactuallystrengtheninterpersonalrelationships.Unfortunatelymanypeopleonlythinkofthisaspectduringthefirstfewweeks.Thenagainnot56patientmaywanttoreceivevisitors.Soit’salwaysadvisabletoarrangeavisit57withthesickpersonoraclosefriendorrelative.ThatappliesparticularlytovisitstoahomeevenmorethaninhospitalsaysIngeWolffheadoftheinternationalWorkingGrouponEtiquetteinBielefeld.Butmoderationis58.Therearefrequentcasesof59illpeoplebecomingworn60byanendlessstreamsofvisitors.That’swhenthedoctorsmightcallahalttoitsaysKoehlefromexperience.Andtheotherpatientsinthewardneedtobetakeninto61toosaysetiquetteexpertIngeWolff.Theycanoftenfeelpesteredbyaneighbour’sfrequentvisits.Mobilephonesshouldalwaysbeturnedoffandkeptoutof62duringavisit.Otherwisethesickpersoncouldgettheimpressionthatthevisitorreallyhasnotimeandwouldliketobeoffassoonasanopportunemoment63saysWolff.64hospitalsforbidtheuseofcellphonesinthevicinityofhospitalequipment.Visitorsshouldtakeasmallgiftsuchasanewspaperormagazine65abook.SweetsaretrickysaysIngeWolffbecausethepatientmaybeunderinstructionstokeeptoaspecialdiet.Alsothepresentshouldn’tbetoolargeoroverthetop--suchasahugebasketoffruit.
Hewasgivenapresentinacknowledgementofhisworkforthebusiness.
Hospitalvisitscanbeunsettlingforall51andvisitorsareoftenunsureofhowtobehaveatthebedsideofsickfriendor52.Thismayexplainwhysomanypeopleshyawayfromahospitalvisit--notforfearofinfection53ratherofsayingthewrongthing.Byfollowingafewsimpleguidelinesthoughembarrassmentcaneasilybeavoided.Avisitisimportantforasickpersonbecauseitallowsthemto54socialcontactsaysKarlKoehleprofessorattheInstituteforPsychosomaticsandClinicalPsychologyatCologneUniversity.Visiting55hesayscanactuallystrengtheninterpersonalrelationships.Unfortunatelymanypeopleonlythinkofthisaspectduringthefirstfewweeks.Thenagainnot56patientmaywanttoreceivevisitors.Soit’salwaysadvisabletoarrangeavisit57withthesickpersonoraclosefriendorrelative.ThatappliesparticularlytovisitstoahomeevenmorethaninhospitalsaysIngeWolffheadoftheinternationalWorkingGrouponEtiquetteinBielefeld.Butmoderationis58.Therearefrequentcasesof59illpeoplebecomingworn60byanendlessstreamsofvisitors.That’swhenthedoctorsmightcallahalttoitsaysKoehlefromexperience.Andtheotherpatientsinthewardneedtobetakeninto61toosaysetiquetteexpertIngeWolff.Theycanoftenfeelpesteredbyaneighbour’sfrequentvisits.Mobilephonesshouldalwaysbeturnedoffandkeptoutof62duringavisit.Otherwisethesickpersoncouldgettheimpressionthatthevisitorreallyhasnotimeandwouldliketobeoffassoonasanopportunemoment63saysWolff.64hospitalsforbidtheuseofcellphonesinthevicinityofhospitalequipment.Visitorsshouldtakeasmallgiftsuchasanewspaperormagazine65abook.SweetsaretrickysaysIngeWolffbecausethepatientmaybeunderinstructionstokeeptoaspecialdiet.Alsothepresentshouldn’tbetoolargeoroverthetop--suchasahugebasketoffruit.
Beforeanyperiodofexerciseitiswellworthspendingtwoorthreeminuteswarmingupwithaseriesofsimplestretchingexercises.Thisnotonlyhelpsyourjoints关节tomoveeasilybutalsopreparesallyourmusclegroupsformoreenergeticactivity.Itisratherlikeacatstretchingitselfbeforeitspringsintoaction.Herearefourmovementstodoinaneasyandunhurriedwaygentlystretchingeachactionwithoutforcingit.Repeateachmovementtentimesbreathingnormallythroughout.Ⅰ.Standingwithyourfeetapartpushbotharmsoutstraightinfrontofyoufingertipstouching.Raisethemaboveyourheadthendowntothesidespushingeacharmbackwardsatthesametime.Ⅱ.Standingwithyourfeetapartandhandsonhips臀部.Tipyourheadbackandlookstraightuptotheceiling.Rollyourheadroundslowlytofacetherightthenthefloorthentheleftandfinallyupattheceilingagain.Repeatintheotherdirection.Ⅲ.Standingwithyourfeetapartandhandsonyoursidesleanfirsttotherightandthentotheleftslidingthehanddownthesideoftheleg.Ⅳ.Standingfeetapartandarmsoutstraightinfrontwithyoureyesfixedonyourrighthandsswingyourrightarmroundtotherightkeepingitstraightasfarasitwillgo.Returnittothefrontandrepeatwiththeleftarm.Doingtheexercisetentimeseachdaycanimproveyourhealth.
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