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Until the invention of the steam engine, humans travelled the earth on foot.The slow travel meant e...
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高中英语《河南省鲁山县第一高级中学2015-2016学年高三上学期第五次周考考试试题及答案》真题及答案
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Takingphotographsatabirthdayoraweddinghasbecomeasnaturalasblowingoutcandlesorcuttingthecake.Butourobsessionwithrecordingeverydetailofourhappiestmomentscouldbedamagingourabilitytorememberthemaccordingtoanewresearch.Astudyhasshownthattakingpicturesratherthanconcentratingfullyontheeventsinfrontofuspreventsmemoriestakinghold.Dr.LindaHenkelfromFairfieldUniversityConnecticutdescribeditasthephoto-takingimpairmenteffect.ShesaidPeopleoftenpullouttheircamerasalmostmindlesslytocaptureamomenttothepointwheretheyaremissingwhatishappeningrightinfrontofthem.Whenpeoplerelyontechnologytorememberforthem—countingonthecameratorecordtheeventandthusnotneedingtoattendtoitfullythemselves—itcanhaveanegativeimpactonhowwelltheyremembertheirexperiences.Dr.Henkelandherteamcarriedoutanexperimentinamuseumtolearniftakingpicturesoftheexhibitswashinderingtheabilityofvisitorstorememberwhattheyhadseen.AgroupofuniversitystudentswereledonatourattheBellarmineMuseumofArtatFairfieldUniversityandwereaskedtoeitherphotographortryandrememberobjectsondisplay.Thenextdaytheirmemorywastested.Theresultsshowedthatpeoplewerelessaccurateinrecognizingtheobjectstheyhadphotographedthanthosetheyhadonlylookedat.Itwasfoundthattheirmemoryforthedetailsoftheobjectstheyhadphotographedwaspoorer.Henkel’slabiscurrentlyinvestigatingwhetherthecontentofaphotosuchaswhetheryouareinitaffectsmemory.Sheisalsoresearchingwhetheractivelychoosingwhattophotographmightinfluencewhatweremember.Previousresearchsuggeststhatreviewingphotoswehavetakendoeshelpusrememberobjectsbutonlyifwetakethetime.Researchhassuggestedthatthesheervolumeandlackoforganizationofdigitalphotosforpersonalmemoriesdiscouragesmanypeoplefromaccessingandrecallingthem.InordertorememberwehavetoaccessandinteractwiththephotosratherthanjustcollectthemsaidDr.Henkel.32.Whatdoestheunderlinedwordtheminthefirstparagraphreferto?A.Giftsatabirthday.B.Peoplewhogotoparties.C.Photostakenatawedding.D.Detailsofthehappiestmoments.33.Whatisthephoto-takingimpairmenteffect?A.Someunhappyeventsmayimpairtheeffectsofphotos.B.Takingphotographsofobjectsruinsone’smemoryofthem.C.Theeffectsofphotosarestronglyaffectedbybadcameras.D.Memorieslastforeverwhenpeopletakethephotostheylikemost.34.WhatcanwelearnaboutDr.LindaHenkel’sstudy?A.Agroupofhighschoolstudentswereinvolved.B.Thememoryofparticipantswastestedthefollowingweek.C.Peoplewhojustlookedattheobjectsrememberedfewerdetails.D.Peoplewhophotographedobjectswereworseatrecognizingthem.35.WithwhichofthefollowingmayDr.LindaHenkelagree?A.Reviewingphotosimprovesmemoriesofobjects.B.Focusingonpeopleateventsisthebestwaytoremember.C.Relyingontechnologytorememberaffectsthememory.D.Countingoncamerastorecordeventsisalwaysreliable.
SportsshoesthatworkoutwhethertheirownerhasdoneenoughexercisetoensuretimeinfrontofthetelevisionhavebeeninventedintheUK.Theshoes―dubbed配音的SquareEyescontainanelectronicpressuresensorandatinycomputerchiptorecordhowmanystepsthewearerhastakeninaday.A.wirelesstransmitter发射机passestheinformationtoareceiverconnectedtoatelevisionandthisdecideshowmucheveningviewingtimethewearerdeservesbasedontheday’sefforts.Thedesignwasinspiredbyadesiretocombat遏制therapidlyballooningwaistlinesamongBritishteenagerssaidGillianSwanwhodevelopedSquareEyesasafinalyeardesignprojectatBrunelUniversityinLondonUK.Welookedatcurrentissuesandchildhoodobesity过度肥胖reallystoodoutshetoldNewScientist.AndIwantedtodealwiththatwithmydesign.Oncethechildhasuseduptheirdailyallowancegainedthroughexercisethetelevisionautomaticallyswitchesoff.AndfurthertimeinfrontoftheTVcanonlybeearnedthroughmoresteps.Swancalculatedhowexerciseshouldtranslatetotelevisiontimeusingtherecommendeddailyamountsofboth.Healthexpertssuggestedachildtake12000stepseachdayandwatchnomorethan2hoursofTV.Soevery100stepsrecordedbytheSquareEyesshoesequalsexactlyoneminuteofTVtimE.25.Thebesttitleforthepassagemightbe______.A.A.Newly-inventedTypeofShoesintheUKB.SmartShoesDecidingonTelevisionTimeC.NewShoesandWatchingTVintheUKD.TheProblemofChildren’sObesity26.Weknowfromthepassagethewirelesstransmitterisprobablyplacedin______.A.thepressuresensorB.thetelevisionC.thecomputerD.theshoes27.GillianSwandevelopedSquareEyesto______.A.gainenoughTVtimeB.dealwithchildhoodobesityC.encourageTVwatchingD.finishuniversitydesignproject28.TheunderlinedwordallowanceinParA.4probablymeans______.A.themoneygiventochildrenB.themoneyforwatchingTVC.thetimeofwatchingTVD.thestepstobetaken
ForeightyfourdaysoldSantiagohadnotcaughtasinglefish.AtfirstayoungboyManolinhadsharedhisbadfortunebutafterthefortiethlucklessdaytheboy'sfathertoldhissontogoinanotherboat.FromthattimeonSantiagoworkedalonE.TheboylovedtheoldfishermanandalwayshelpedhimwithmoneyandfooD.UsuallytheywouldtalkaboutthefishtheyhadtakeninluckiertimesoraboutAmericanbaseballaftersupperwhileatnightaloneinhiscottageSantiagodreamedoflionsonthebeachesofAfricawherehehadgoneonasailingshipyearsbeforE.HenolongerdreamedofhisdeadwifE.Ontheeighty-fifthdaySantiagosetofftofishbeforedawn.Twoofhisbaits饵werefreshtunas金枪鱼theboyhadgivenhim.Thenhesethislineswhichwentstraightdownintodeepdarkwater.AsthesunrosehesawotherboatsintowardshorE.A.manofwarbirdshowedhimwheredolphinwerechasingsomeflyingfish.ThistimeSantiagosawtunajumpinginthesunlight.A.smallonetookthehookonhislinE.PullingthefishaboardtheoldmanthoughtitagoodfortunE.Towardnoonamarlinacommonfishintheseastartedeatingthebaitwhichwasonehundredmetersdown.GentlytheoldmanplayedthefishabigoneasheknewfromtheweightonthelinE.Atlasthestrucktosettlethehook.ThefishdidnotcomeoutofthesurfacE.Insteaditbegantopulltheboattothenorthwest.Theoldmanfollowedit.Althoughhewasaloneandnolongerstronghehadhisskillandknewmanytricks.Hewaitedpatientlyforthefishtobetired.Itbecamecoldafterthesunset.SuddenlythemarlinleanedpullingSantiagoforwardonhisfaceandcuttinghischeek.Bydawnhislefthandwascramped抽筋的.Thefishhadheadednorthward;therewasnolandinsight.Hungryhecutpiecesfromthetunaandchewedthemslowly.ThatmorningthefishjumpeD.SeeingitleapSantiagoknewhehadhookedthebiggestmarlinhehadeverseen.Thenthefishwentdownandturnedtowardtheeast.Santiagodrankalittlewaterfromthebottleduringthehotafternoon.ClosetonightfalladolphintookthesmallhookhehadbaiteD.Helifteditaboardcareful.Afterhehadrestedhecutmeatfromthedolphinandkeptalsothetwoflyingfishhefoundinitsstomach.Thatnightheslept.HeawoketofeelthelinerunningthroughhisfingersasthefishjumpeD.Makingthelinelooseslowlyhetriedtotirethemarlin.Afterthefishsloweditsrunhewashedhiscuthandsinseawaterandateoneoftheflyingfish.AtsunrisethemarlinbegantocirclE.Faintanddizzyheworkedtobringthebigfishnearerwitheachturn.Almostexhaustedhefinallydrewhisbigfishalongsideanddroveintheharpoon鱼叉.Thefishwastwofeetlongerthantheboat.NofishlikeithadeverbeenseeninHavanaharbor.AnhourlaterhesightedthefirstsharkafierceMakoanditcameinfasttochaseafterthedeadmarlin.Theoldmanstruckthesharkwithhisharpoon.TheMakorolledandsankcarryingtheharpoonwithitandleavingthemarlinbloody.HeknewthesmellwouldspreaD.Watchinghesawtwosharksclosingin.Hestruckatonewithhisknifeandwatcheditslidingdownintodeepwater.Hekilledtheotherwhileittoreatthefleshofthemarlin.Whenthethirdappearedhethrust刺itwiththeknifE.Theothersharkscameatsunset.Atfirsthetriedtobeatthemwiththetiller舵柄fromtheboatbuthishandswerebleedingandthereweretoomanyintheseA.Inthedarknessashesteered掌舵towardtheharborofHavanaheheardthemhittingtheboatagainandagain.Buttheoldmanthoughtonlyofhissteeringandhisgreattiredness.Hehadgoneouttoofarandthesharkshadbeatenhim.Heknewtheywouldleavehimnothingbutthestrippedskeletonofthebigmarlin.Alllightswereoutwhenhesailedintothelittleharborandbeachedhisboat.Hecouldjustmakeoutthewhitebackboneandtheupstandingtailofthefish.Oncehefellundertheirweightandlaypatientlyuntilhecouldgatherhisstrengthtogoon.Inhiscottagehefellonhisbedandwenttosleep.65.Theabovestoryismostlikelytobeadaptedfrom__________.A.TheAdventuresOfTomSawyerB.TheOldManAndTheSeaC.TheSonOfTheSeaD.TreasureIsland66.AccordingtothetextwhichstatementisNOTtrueaboutManolin?A.TheboyleftSantiagoatlast.B.TheboyhadmercyonSantiago.C.TheboywasSantiago'sadoptedson.D.TheboyshowedhisgreatconcernstoSantiago.67.Whydidthemanfeelthathecouldbeluckythistime?A.Becausealotofsharksfollowedhisboat.B.BecauseasmalltunatookthehookonhislinE.C.BecausehedreamedabouttheAmericanlions.D.Becausehesawmanyflyingfishwerechasedbythedolphins.68.WhydoesSantiagoletthemarlinleadhisboatinsteadofpullingthebigfishup?A.Hewastootiredandhungrytopullthebigfishup.B.Hewantedtousethemarlinasabaittocatchthesharks.C.Hisexperiencetoldhimnottodosobeforethefishwastiredout.D.Hewantedtokillthemarlinfirstbeforehepulledituptotheboat.69.WhichsentencebelowcanbeusedtobestdescribeSantiago'scharacter?A.HenolongerdreamedofhisdeadwifE.inParA.1B.Althoughhewasaloneandnolongerstronghehadhisskillandknewmanytricks.inParA.4C.Almostexhaustedhefinallydrewhisbigfishalongsideanddroveintheharpoon.inParA.5D.Oncehefellundertheirweightandlaypatientlyuntilhecouldgatherhisstrengthtogoon.inParA.670.Accordingtothetextwhatwillbetalkedaboutnext?A.People'sreflectionwhentheysawthegiantmarlin’sskeletonoutsidE.B.A.funeralheldbytheboyandthelocalpeopleafterhisdeath.C.Santiago’sactiontorealizehisdreamaboutthelions.D.Santiago’sstruggleagainstsharks.
Banksviewonlinebankingasapowerfulvalue-addedtooltoattractandkeepnewcustomerswhilehelpingtoeliminatecostlypaperhandlingorteller出纳员interactionsinanincreasinglycompetitivebankingenvironment.TodaymostlargenationalbanksmanylocalbanksandcreditunionsoffersomeformofonlinebankingvariouslyknownasPCbankinghomebankingelectronicbankingorInternetbanking.Onlinebanksaresometimesreferredtoasbrick-to-clickbanksbothtotellthemfrombrick-to-mortarbanksthathaven’tyetofferedonlinebankingaswellasfromvirtual虚拟banksthathavenophysicalbranchesortellerswhatsoever.Thechallengeforthebankingindustryhasbeentodesignthisnewservicechannelinsuchawaythatitscustomerswillreadilylearntouseandtrustit.Mostofthelargebankscannowofferfullysafefullyfunctional功能的onlinebankingforfreeorforasmallcost.AsmorebankssucceedonlineandmorecustomersusetheirsitesfullyfunctionalonlinebankingwilllikelybecomeascommonplaceasautomatedtellermachinesATM.Onlinebankinghasalotofadvantages.Unlikeyourcornerbankonlinebankingsitesneverclose;they’reathand24hoursadaysevendaysaweekandthey’reamouseclickaway.Ifyou’reoutofstateorevenoutofthecountrywhenamoneyproblemappearsyoucanlogoninstantlytoyouronlinebankandtakecareofbusiness.OnlinebanksitesgenerallycarryoutandconfirmdealsatorquickerthanATMprocessingspeeds.Manyonlinebankingsitesnowofferfashionabletoolstohelpyoumanageallofyourvaluableitemsmoreeffectively.25.Theunderlinedwordeliminateinthefirstparagraphprobablymeans.A.keepB.removeC.raiseD.improve26.Whatisthechallengefortheonlinebankingindustryaccordingtothetext?A.TomakeonlinebankingattractivE.B.ToopennewservicesallovertheworlD.C.ToofferonlinebankingforfreE.D.Totakecareofbusiness24hoursaday.27.Fromthetextwecanconcludethat_______.A.brick-to-clickbanksareinfactanotherkindofphysicalbanksB.thefunctionofabrick-to-clickbankisascommonasthatofanATMC.abrick-to-mortarbankisnobetterthanavirtualoneD.customerscandealwiththeirbankingbyamouseclick28.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthistext?A.BankingofVariousFormsB.ImprovementofBankingIndustryC.DevelopmentofOnlineBankingD.FunctionsoftheBrick-to-ClickBank
WithonlinecoursesanyonecangainknowledgeinanyfieldofinterestforfreE.AllyouneedisacomputerlaptoporSmartphoneinternetconnectionandaself-madeschedulE.YoucanevengetacertificateoncompletingthecoursE.UdemyItsgoalistopromotetheworldofeducationbyenablinganyonetolearnonlinE.Itseekstodramaticallychangeeducationbyinvitingmillionsofexpertsworldwidetoteachandsharewhattheyknow.Whetheryouwanttolearnexcelbusinessacademicstheartshealthmusicortechnologythereisacomprehensivecourseforyou.Seemoreathttps://udemy.comiTunesUIfyou’reastudentwhousesAppledevicesyouwillbehappytoknowthatyouhaveaccesstoiTunesUwhichgivesyouaccesstodifferenteducationalcoursesfromallleadinguniversitiesforfree!DidyoudreamofstudyingatMITOxfordYaleorCambridge?ThisisyourchancetolearnvarioussubjectsfromthebestcollegesanduniversitiesintheworlD.Learnmoreathttps://iTunesU.comSkillfeedIfyouarelookingtolearninganewskillorimprovingonyourskillsinPhotoshoporHTMLitoffersunlimitedaccesstohigh-qualityvideocoursesfromaworldwidecommunityofinstructors.Youhaveamonth’sfreetrialafterwhichyouwillpayamonthlyfeetogainunlimitedaccesstoallcourses.Seemoreathttps://skillfeeD.comAcademicEarthIthaslinkedtoover750onlinecoursesand8500individualonlinelecturesgivingstudentsofallagesaccesstocollegecoursestheymayotherwiseneverexperiencE.Whetherlearningexistingcourseworkorlearningforthesakeoflearninganyonehasthefreedomtolearnattheirownpacefromworld-famousexpertswithoutbeingchargedmorE.Learnmoreathttp://academicearth.comUCBerkeleyItofferscoursesinbioengineeringJapaneselegalstudiesandpublichealth.Sincetheyarerecordingsofactuallecturestheylacklecturenotesandextramaterials.HowevereachcoursehasaudiorecordingsoflecturesviaiTunesorvideorecordingsoflecturesviaYouTubE.Learnmoreathttps://ucberkeley.com21.LearnerswhochooseSkillfeedneedto________.A.equipthemselveswiththeabilitytousethecomputerB.paysomefeeiftheywanttocontinueafteramonthC.havesomeknowledgeofthedesignofwebsiteD.learntouploadtheirownhigh-qualityvideo22.WecanlearnfromthepassagethatAcademicEarth________.A.chargeslearnersnothingforanycourseB.hasmanylecturesgivenby8500lecturersC.providescollegecoursesmainlytoyoungmenD.offerscollegecoursesatthelearners’convenience23.IfyouwanttoimproveyourskillofJapaneselanguageyoucanvisit________.A.https://skillfeeD.comB.https://ucberkeley.comC.https://udemy.comD.https://iTunesU.com
Thinkaboutthelasttimeyoufeltanegativeemotion—likestressangerorfrustration.Whatwasgoingthroughyourmindasyouweregoingthroughthatnegativity?Wasyourmindclutteredwith充斥differentkindsofthoughts?Orwasitparalyzedunabletothink?Thenexttimeyoufindyourselfinthemiddleofaverystressfultimeoryoufeelangryorfrustratedstop.Yesthat’srightstop.Whateveryou’redoingstopandsitforoneminutE.Whileyou’resittingtherecompletelyimmerseyourselfinthenegativeemotion.Allowthatemotiontoconsumeyou.Allowyourselfoneminutetotrulyfeelthatemotion.Don’tcheatyourselfherE.Taketheentireminute—butonlyoneminute—todonothingelsebutfeelthatemotion.WhentheminuteisoveraskyourselfAmIwillingtokeepholdingontothisnegativeemotionasIgothroughtherestoftheday?Onceyou’veallowedyourselftobetotallyimmersedintheemotionandreallyfeelityouwillbesurprisedtofindthattheemotionclearsratherquickly.IfyoufeelyouneedtoholdontotheemotionforalittlelongerthatisOK.Allowyourselfanotherminutetofeeltheemotion.Whenyoufeelyou’vehadenoughoftheemotionaskyourselfifyou’rewillingtocarrythatnegativitywithyoufortherestoftheday.Ifnottakeadeepbreath.Asyouexhalereleaseallthatnegativitywithyourbreath.Thisexerciseseemssimple—almosttoosimplE.ButitisveryeffectivE.Byallowingthatnegativeemotionthespacetobetrulyfeltyouaredealingwiththeemotionratherthanstuffingitdownandtryingnottofeelit.Youareactuallytakingawaythepoweroftheemotionbygivingitthespaceandattentionitneeds.Whenyouimmerseyourselfintheemotionandrealizethatitisonlyemotionitlosesitscontrol.Youcanclearyourheadandproceedwithyourtask.28.Whatshouldyoudowhenyouareintonegativityaccordingtothearticle?A.ListentosomemusiC.B.IgnoreitanddosomethingelsE.C.Justdonothingandtrulyfeelthatemotion.D.Thinkaboutitandtrytodealwithitimmediately.29.TheunderlinedwordimmerseParagraph2mostprobablymeans_____.A.breakdownB.getridofC.cutoffD.throwinto30.What’sthebesttitleofthistext?A.ClearYourMentalSpacE.B.DeepBreathTroubleAway.C.TrytoAvoidtheNegativeEmotion.D.KeepHoldingontoThisNegativeEmotionasLongasPossiblE.31.Theauthor’sopiniontowardsnegativeemotionis_____.A.doubtfulB.optimisticC.frightenedD.confused
Mars火星appearstobeflowingwithsmallstreamsofsaltywateratleastinthesummerscientistsreportedMonday.Itsuggeststhat.itwouldbepossiblefortheretobelifetodayonMarsNASA'ssciencemissionchiefJohnGrunsfeldsaidatanewsconferenceonSeptember282015.Thestreamsareabout12to15feetwideand300feetormorelongscientistssaiD.Whatwe'redealingwithiswetsoil.thinlayersofwetsoilnotstandingwatersaidAifredMcEwenoftheUniversityofArizonaatTueson!theprincipalscientistfortheMarsReconnaissanceOrbiter'shigh-resolutionimagingexperiment.BecauseliquidwaterisessentialtolifethefindingscouldhavemajorimplicationsforthepossibilityofMartianlifE.Theresearcherssaidfurtherexplorationisneededtodeterminewhethermicroscopiclifeexistsontheplanet.ThepresenceofliquidwatercouldalsomakelifeeasierforastronautsvisitingorlivingonMars.Watercouldbeusedfordrinkingandforcreatingoxygenandrocketfuel.NASA'sgoalistosendhumansthereinthe2030s.Theevidenceofflowingwaterconsistslargelyofdarknarrowstreaks条痕onthesurfacethattendtoappearandgrowduringthewarmestMartianmonthsandfadetherestoftheyear.Marsisextremelycoldeveninsummerandthestreaksareinplaceswherethetemperatureisaslowasminus10degreesFahrenheit.ButsaltcanlowerthefreezingpointofwaterandmelticE.Thesourceofthewaterisamystery.ScientistsnoteditcouldbemeltingicE.Itcouldbeanundergroundaquiferwhichisrockorsandthatcanholdwater.ItispossiblywatervaporfromthethinMartianatmosphereOritmaybeacombinationMichaelMeyerleadscientistforNASA'sMarsexplorationprogramsaidtheonlydefinitivewayfornowtodeterminewhetherthere'slifeonMarsistocollectrocksandsoilforanalysisonEarth-somethingaU.S.landersetforlift-offin2020willdo.28.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?'A.StreamsofWaterSpottedonMarsB.AstronautswillLandonMarsC.NASA'sMarsExplorationProgramD.A.BreakthroughintheExplorationofMars29.AccordingtoJohnGrunsfeldthereseemstobeonMars.A.saltywaterB.standingwaterC.rocketfuelD.humanbeings30.ScientistsareuncertainabouttheofthewateronMars.A.stateB.sourceC.temperatureD.taste31.WhatmatterstotheexistenceofliquidwateronMars?A.Thedistancefromthesun.B.ThefavorableclimatE.C.ThegravityoftheearthD.Thesaltinit.
EarlierthisyearthesocialmediawebsiteFacebookannouncedthatitwouldworkwithseveralnewsorganisations—includingTheNewYorkTimesTheGuardianandtheBBC—toplacenewsstoriesdirectlyintousers’personalFacebookwebpagE.StoriespublishedusingFacebookInstantwillloadmorequicklyandkeepthestyleoftheoriginalpublisherwhowillkeepalltheadvertisingincomethestoriesearn—atleastfornow.Thedealshowshowimportantsocialmediahasbecometonewsorganisationsandisaclearsignofhowtheworldofnewsischanging—andhasbeenforawhilE.WhenGoogleNewsbeganin2002manysawitasthedeathofthenewspaper.Ithadnohumaneditor.InsteadGoogleusedandstillusesasecretcomputerprogramthatselectsanddisplaysnewsstoriesaccordingtothereader’spersonalinterests.MorerecentlyAssociatedPressandYahoo!havebeenpunishingcomputer-writtenarticles.Bothusespecialsoftwaretoautomaticallyproducestoriesaboutcompanyfinancialresultsandsportsreports—areaswherethequalityofwritingisfelttobeofsecondaryimportancetotheaccuracyofthedatA.Shouldwebeworriedaboutsuchdevelopments?IthinkweshoulD.OneconcernisthatfacebookGoogleandothersocialmediawebsitesseejournalismasasidelineawayofputtingpeopleinfrontofadvertisements.Itisn’ttheirprimaryfunction—soifitstopsmakingthemlotsofmoneythey'relikelytostopdoingit.There’salsoaconcernthatcomputer-writtenarticlesarenotactuallyjournalismatallbecausewhatahumannewsteamproducesisactuallyquitecomplex.A.well-writtennewsstoryputsinformationincontextoffersavoicetoeachsideofanargumentandbringsthepublicnewknowledgE.Thougheconomicsandspeedofdeliverymeanreaderswillprobablychooseacomputer-writtenstoryoveracarefullyshapedarticle—atleastfordailynews—Idon'tthinkthecomputerswillbewritinganyin-deptharticlesforawhileyet.12.Whatisthemainpurposeofthearticle?A.ToreportonanewcomputerserviceofferedbyFacebook..B.Toadvisereadersagainstreadingcomputer-writtennews.C.Toexpressconcernaboutrecenttrendsinonlinenews.D.Todescribetheprocessofonlinenewsreporting.13.Computer-writtennewsreportshavesofarfocusedonsportsandfinancebecause________.A.thesearethemostpopulartopicsforonlinereadersB.therearefewerjournalistsspecialisingintheseareasC.informationonthesetopicsismoreeasilyavailableD.writingstyleislessimportantthanaccuracyintheseareas14.WhatdoestheunderlinedwordItinParagraph3referto?A.Journalism.B.Advertising.C.Facebook.D.Business.15.InParagraph4whichofthefollowingismentionedasacharacteristicofawell-writtennewsarticle?A.Theinformationpresentedisup-to-datE.B.Theauthor'sopinionisclear.C.DifferentviewsonthetopicarepresenteD.D.ThelanguageusedisviviD.
TheweatherpredictionsforAsiain2050readlikeastoryfromadoomsdaymoviE.Manyexpertsandgreengroupsfeartheywillcometrueunlessthereisaunitedglobalefforttoholdbackgreenhousegasoutpouring.InthedecadestocomeAsia—hometomorethanhalftheworld's63billionpeople—willchangefromoneclimateextremetoanotherwithtiredfarmersbattlingdroughtsfloodsdiseasefoodshortagesandrisingsealevels.It'snotaprettypicturesaidSteveSawyerclimatepolicyadviserwithGreenpeaceinAmsterdam.GlobalwarmingandchangesofweatherpatternsarealreadyoccurringandthereismorethanenoughcarbondioxideandothergreenhousegasesintheatmospheretodriveclimatechangefordecadestocomE.AlreadychangesarebeingfeltinAsiabutworseislikelytocomE.Sawyerandtopclimatebodiessayandcouldleadtomassmigrationandwidespreadhumandisasters.AccordingtopredictionsicebergswillmeltfastersomePacificandIndianOceanislandswillhavetoevacuateorbuildseadefensesstormswillbecomestrongerandinsectsandwater-bornediseaseswillmoveintonewareasastheworldwarms.Allthiscomesontopofrisingpopulationsanddemandforfoodwaterandotherresources.ExpertssayenvironmentalworseningsuchasdeforestationandpollutionwilllikelyenlargetheresultsofclimatechangE.InwhatcouldbeasignofthefutureJapanwashitbyarecordof10typhoonsandtropicalstormsthisyearwhiletwo-thirdsofBangladeshpartsofNepalandlargeareasofnortheasternIndiawerefloodedaffecting50millionpeopledestroyinglivelihoodsandmakingtensofthousandsill.Theyearbeforeawintercoldstrikeandasummerheatwavekilledmorethan2000peopleinIndiA.32.Thispassageismainlyabout________.A.presentsituationandpredictionsofenvironmentalproblemsinAsiA.B.theweatherpredictionsforAsiainthefutureandthereasonsC.howtoimproveourenvironmentD.reasonswhytheworldwillnolongerbesuitableforustolivein33.InthefuturetheAsianfarmerswillhavetofacethefollowingexcept________.A.foodshortagesB.warsC.droughtsD.floods34.Theunderlinedworddoomsdayinthefirstparagraphmaymean________.A.thehellB.theendoftheworldC.agreatworldwarD.mystery35.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?A.Asianclimatewillchangegreatly.B.SomeislandsmaybefloodedinthefuturE.C.Peoplemaymeetwithsomenewdiseasesresultingfromwater.D.Morethan50millionpeoplehavebeenillinAsiatheyearbeforE.
Apple’sipadhasbeenahugehitamongchildrenwithitseasytouseinterface界面andinnovativeapps.InfactresearcherssaytheastonishingriseoftheipadhasmeantithasnowovertakenhouseholdnamessuchasMcDonaldsandDisneytobecomethenumberonebrandamongAmerican6-12yearolds.TheannualstudyconductedbyleadingyouthandfamilyresearchfirmSmartyPantsranksmorethan250brandseachyear.iPad’snumberonestatusamongkidsrepresentsthesummitofthe‘tablettakeover’—amovementfromsharedscreensandTVnetworkdominancetoplannedcontentonpersonaldevices.SaidWynneTyreepresidentofSmartyPants.KidsincreasinglyturntoiPadforgamesTVshowsvideosbookshomeworkhelpandcommunicatingwithfriendsandfamily.Inthefirm’s2014studyApple’siPadwentaheadofkidbrandssuchasMcDonald’sandDisney.KidsseetheiPadastheall-in-onedigitaltoolgivingthemauniquesenseofindependencetheresearcherssay.TyreenotesthatiPad’smarchtothetophasbeendramatiC.InjustfiveyearstheiPadhasrisenfromranking109thtobeingkid’sfavoritebranD.EarlyonitcapturedtheheartsofteensandmiddleandupperclassfamiliesbutiPadisnowanindispensable不可或缺的partofchildhoodforthemasses.OnthestudyiPadwastopswithaweightedscoreof898outof1000.Disneycameat858Google’sYouTube852McDonald’s839iPhone830andApple829.DigitalentertainmentoverallisseeinganincreaseamongkidsandfamilieswithbrandssuchasNetflixHuluAmazonInstantVideoAndroidandSamsungpostingnoteworthyincreasesinthestudyameasureofkids’awarenesspopularityandloveforabranD.AlongwithiPadthesedevicesandservicesprovideentertainmentthatisalwayson.Offeringseeminglyendlessoptionstabletsanddigitalcontentprovidersaremeetingcontemporarykids’needs—withfunandconnectivitynevermorethanatapaway.24.Whatisthetablettakeovermovementaccordingtothepassage?A.InthemovementeveryoneownsaniPaD.B.ItreferstotheshiftfromwatchingTVtogethertousinganiPadseparately.C.Inthemovementpeoplebecomemoreindependentinentertainment.D.InthemovementpeoplereceivemoreinformationfromaniPadthanfromTV.25.WhatmakesaniPadappealingtothekids?A.AniPadhelpsthekidsbuildupstrongerrelationshipswiththeirparents.B.AniPadcandevelopthekids’readingskills.C.WithaniPadthekidscanbecomeabetterlearner.D.TheycanwatchTVshowsusinganiPaD.26.WhatisthecorrectrankingaccordingtoscoresfromthestudyofSmartyPants?A.Disney—YouTube—Apple—iPhone—iPad—McDonald’sB.iPad—Disney—YouTube--McDonald’s—iPhone—AppleC.iPhone—Disney—iPad--McDonald’s—YouTube--AppleD.iPad—Apple—iPhone--McDonald’s—Disney—YouTube27.Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?A.Apple’siPadcandevelopthekids’creativity.B.Tabletanddigitalproviderscannevermeetthekids’needs.C.AniPadcanprovidethekidswithmostentertainment.D.AniPad’sfunandconnectiontotheInternetattractsthekidsmost.
Clevernessisagiftwhilekindnessisachoice.Giftsareeasy—they’regivenafterall.Choicecanbehard.IgottheideatostartAmazon16yearsago.IcameacrossthefactthattheInternetusagewasgrowingat2300percentperyear.I’dneverseenorheardofanythingthatgrewthatfastandtheideaofbuildingallonlinebookstorewithmillionsoftitleswasveryexcitingtomE.Ihadjustturned30yearsoldandI’dbeenmarriedforayear.ItoldmywifeMacKenziethatIwantedtoquitmyjobandgotodothiscrazythingthatprobablywouldn’tworksincemoststart-upsdon’tandIwasn’tsurewhattoexpect.MacKenzietoldmeIshouldgoforit.AsayoungboyI’dbeenagarageinventor.I’dalwayswantedtobeallinventorandshewantedmetofollowmypassion.IwasworkingatafinancialfirminNewYorkCitywithabunchofverysmartpeopleandIhadabrilliantbossthatImuchadmired.IwenttomybossandtoldhimIwantedtostartacompanysellingbooksontheInternet.HetookmeonalongwalkinCentralParklistenedcarefullytomeandfinallysaidThatsoundslikeareallygoodideabutitwouldbeanevenbetterideaforsomeonewhodidn’talreadyhaveagoodjob.That1ogicmadesomesensetomeandheconvincedmetothinkaboutitfor48hoursbeforemakingafinaldecision.SeeninthatlightitreallywasadifficultchoicebutfinallyIdecidedIhadtogiveitashot.Ididn’tthinkI’dregrettryingandfailing.AndIsuspectedIwouldalwaysbehauntedbyadecisiontonottryatall.AftermuchconsiderationItookthelesssafepathtofollowmypassionandI’mproudofthatchoice.Forallofusintheendweareourchoice.28.Whatinspiredtheauthorwiththeideaofbuildinganonlinebookstore?A.Hisdreamofbeinganinventor.B.Thesupportofhiswife.C.ThegreatlyincreasingusageoftheInternet.D.Millionsofexcitingtitles29.Whichofthefollowingisclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedsentence?A.Theideaofnottryingwouldkeepcomingtohismindanddisturbhim.B.Hewouldbeveryexcitedifhetrieditout.C.Bewouldbealwayshavingadoubtifhedidn’ttry.D.Thedecisiontonottrytheonlinebookstorewouldterrifyhim.30.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.ClevernessandKindnessB.TheStartingofAmazonC.FollowingMyPassionD.WeAreWhatWeChoose31.Wecanknowfromthepassagethat_______.A.thebossthoughttheideawassuitablefortheauthorB.theauthorwantedsomeoneelsetotrytheideaC.theauthormightnotregretifhefailedtheideaD.theauthormightgobacktohisbossifhefailed
LadiesandgentlemensayhellotoPIBOT.DevelopedinSouthKoreathislittlemachineisaboutthesizeofachild’stoyandhasaheadthatkindoflookslikeatoaster烤箱.It’salsoabletoflyaplanE.Theresearchersresponsiblefortherobot’sdevelopmenthaveactuallymanagedtoprogramitwithalltheknowledgeandskillsnecessarytooperateastandardairplanE.Throughabuilt-inwebcam网络摄像机PIBOTisabletogatherinformationaboutitssurroundings—suchaslocationairspeedandweatherconditions.Withallofthisinformationit’sabletomakedecisionsinmuchthesamewayasahumanpilotwoulD.It’salreadycompletedonesuccessfultestflight—sortof.InthevideopresentedatIROS2014inChicagoPIBOTwasseenguidingtheairplanethroughashorttestflightinaflightsimulator模拟器—aprocesswhichincludedbothtakeoffandlanding.It’ssupercool.Nowit’sworthmentioningthat—evenasimpressiveasPIBOTis—wearen’tgoingtobeseeingitinanyrealairplanesatanypointinthenearfuturE.Althoughthelittlerobotiscertainlyabletooperateaplaneitdoesn’tquitehavetheskillsnecessarytoaddresssomeoftherealworldsituationsmetbypilots—suchasbadweatherormix-upsontherunway.Itdoesn’tmeetthegovernment’sruleseither.Theinventorsaren’tterriblydiscouragedhowever.Theyexpectthatit’sonlyamatteroftimebeforetheymanagetogetPIBOTuptothenecessarystandards.Whenthedaycomeswemightseeairlinesputtoworkawholenewtypeofpilot;onewhonevertiresnevergetshungryandnevermakesmistakes.So...ifyou’veacareerinaviation航空itmightsoonbetimetostartplanningforretirement退休.28.WeknowfromthetextthatPIBOT_____.A.isverylargeB.canserveasatoasterC.wasdevelopedinChicagoD.isdesignedtooperateaplane29.InthepresentedvideoPIBOT_____.A.competedwithahumanpilotB.completedseveraltestflightsC.madedecisionstotallylikehumansD.successfullyguidedaplanetotakeoffandland30.Whywon’tPIBOTbeputintouse?A.Itcan’tpredictweatherconditions.B.Itcan’tdealwithrealworldsituations.C.Itdoesn’thavetheskillstooperateaplanE.D.Itcan’tgatherinformationaboutitssurroundings.31.Itcanbelearnedfromthetextthat_____.A.PIBOTwon’tmakeanymistakeinaflightB.theresearcherswillhavetoabandontheplanC.PIBOTwillsurelyreplacehumanpilotsonedayD.theinventorsareconfidentaboutthefutureofPIBOT
Plentyofpeopledreamoftravelingtootherplanets.ButStarWarsfanscanactuallyvisitlocationswheremanyofthefilms’mostfamoussceneswereshot.HerearesomeoftheplaceswhereStarWarscomestolifE.HotelSidiDrissMatmataTunisiaPerhapsthemostfamousStarWarslandmarkintheworldthisiswheretheinteriorsofLukeSkywalker'schildhoodhomeonplanetTatooinewerefilmeD.CenturiesagoBerbersbuilttheundergroundstructureasarealhomE.EventuallyitbecameahotelwhichGeorgeLucasusedtofilmthefirstStarWarsfilm.Thesetdecorationscamedownwhenthecrewleftbutwererebuiltin2000forAttackoftheClones.Sincethenthey'veremainedsoguestscaneatatthetablewhereyoungmasterLukediD.LaGrandeDuneoutsideNeftaTunisiaTheigloo冰屋outsideofLuke'shousewasfilmedabout300kilometersawayonthedried-upsaltlakeofChottElJeriD.TheiglooisstilltherereachablewithadecentcarattheGPScoordinates3350'34.42N746'44.48E.Thesurroundinghotelsareman-madetocreatetheillusion幻觉thattheundergroundhouseisnexttoit.Theigloofromthe1977moviewastakenapartbutagainrebuiltforAttackoftheClonesandlaterrestoredbyafan.NearbyisLaGrandeDunesiteoftheDuneSeA.About30minutesfromtheiglooisthesetofMosEspathespaceporttownwhereAnakinwasdiscoveredasayoungslavE.RedwoodNationalandStateparksCaliforniaEndortheforestmoonhomeofthefurryEwokswasfilmedamongCalifornia'sgiantredwoods.Mostofthewell-knownsceneswereshotonprivatelandownedbyalumbercompany.SincethecastandcrewworkedonReturnoftheJediin1982heavylogginghasleftmostofthelandscapeunrecognizablE.ButdrivingthroughtheparksstillgivesafeelforthesetespeciallyalongtheAvenueoftheGiantshighway.InGrizzlyCreekRedwoodsStateParkandtheHumboldtRedwoodsStateParkplateswerefilmedforsomechasescenes.21.HotelSidiDrisswasoriginally________centuriesago.A.ahotelB.Berbers’realhomeC.LukeSkywalker’schildhoodhomeD.theshootinglocationofAttackoftheClones22.WhichofthefollowingisNOTCORRECTabouttheigloointhethirdparagraph?A.Wecanstillreachtheigloo.B.TheigloowasrestoredbyafanC.TheigloowastakenapartforAttackoftheClonesD.Theigloo’slocationisattheGPScoordinates3350'34.42N746'44.48E23.TheunderlinedwordEndorrefersto____________inStarWars.A.ananimalB.apersonC.aplaceD.acompany
TheUSplanstoextenditsendangeredspeciesprotectiontolionsinAfricA.USFishandWildlifeServiceFWSwillclassifylionsinsouthernandeasternAfricaasthreateneD.Themovewillplacetighterrestrictionsontheimportofliontrophies纪念品suchaspawsorheads.WhiletheUScannotregulatehuntinginothercountriesthemoveissignificantbecausearoundhalfofalllionhuntinginAfricaisconductedbyAmericans.AccordingtoFWSdatamorethan5600lionshavebeenkilledandimportedbyAmericanhuntersoverthepastdecadE.UnderthenewFWSrulesbringinglionpartstotheUSwillbebanned禁止inmostcircumstancesiftheanimalisfromacountrywherelionsareendangereD.HunterswillhavetoshowthetrophieswerelegallyobtainedfromcountriesthathaveascientificallysoundmanagementprogramthatbenefitsthesubspeciesinthewilD.ThisregulationisexpectedtoplaceafargreaterburdenofproofuponhunterswhoclaimthatthemoneyfromlionhuntinghasbeenusedtohelpcommunitiesinAfricaandtheoverallconservationoflions.Thepersistentdownwardtrendinlionnumbersduetohabitatlossandhuntingbylocalsandforeigntouristssuggeststherehasbeenlittleconservation保护benefitfromorganizedhunts.AninternationalstudypublishedinSeptemberfoundAfricanlionnumbershavedecreasedbyhalfsince1993withafurther50%declineexpectedoverthenext20yearsforpopulationsinwestcentralandeastAfricA.Thelionisoneoftheplanet’smostbelovedspeciesandanirreplaceablepartofoursharedglobalheritagesaidDanAshedirectoroftheFWS.IfwewanttoensurethathealthylionpopulationscontinuetowanderaroundtheAfricansavannas大草原andforestsofIndiait’suptoallofus—notjustthepeopleofAfricaandIndia--totakeaction.25.WhyisthemoveofUSsignificant?A.ThelionshavebeenkilledandimportedbyAmericanhunters.B.Thatisduetohabitatlossandhuntingbylocalsandforeigntourists.C.AroundhalfofalllionhuntinginAfricaisconductedbyAmericans.D.ThemoneyfromlionhuntinghasbeenusedtohelpcommunitiesinAfrica.26.Wheredomostofthelionhunterscomefrom?A.SouthernAfricA.B.AmericA.C.EasternAfricA.D.IndiA.27.Whatmaybetheresultofthemove?A.TheimportoflionpartswillbestrictlylimiteD.B.Lion-huntingwillbeillegalallovertheworlD.C.communitiesinAfricawillbenefitalot.D.LionpartswillneverbelegallyobtaineD.28.WhatdoesDanAshereallywanttotellusinthelastparagraph?A.Almosteverybodyloveslions.B.It’severyone’sdutytoprotectlions.C.Lionpopulationswillincreaserapidly.D.Measuresmustbetakentokeeplionsfit.
Thenewhigh-speedrailwaylinebetweenUrumqicapitaloftheXinjiangUygurself-governingregionandLanzhoucapitalofGansuprovincehascuttraintraveltimebyhalftolessthan12hours.ThedramaticimprovementwillbenefitmanyfamiliesplanningreunionsforSpringFestival.ForthefirsttimeIfeelhomeisnotthatfarawayafterall.saidLiangShaofuasheboardedahigh-speedtraininUrumqiwithsixmembersofhisfamily.The35-year-oldleftLanzhoutosetupadryfruitbusinessinXinjiangeightyearsagoandhehasnowsettledinUrumqi.The1776-kmlinewhichpassesthroughQinghaiprovinceandisthecountry’sfirsthigh-speedrailwaytobebuiltinahigh-altituderegioncameintoserviceonDec26.WenormallydrivehomeforSpringFestivaltoavoidthedifficultiesofbuyingseventrainticketsforthewholefamilyduringthepeakseason.LiangsaiD.DrivingcanbeverytiringanddangeroussometimessooneyearweevendecidednottogobacktoLanzhousimplytoavoidthetrip.Morethan600000passengerstraveledonthelineduringitsfirstmonthandtheUrumqiRailwayBureausaidtheintroductionofhigh-speedserviceswilleasetransportpressureduringtheSpringFestivalpeakseason.TheexistingusualrailwaylinecouldnolongersupportXinjiang’sdevelopment.Allpassengertrainswillgraduallyshifttothenewlinkleavingtheoldonetobeusedforgoods.AsaresultXinjiang’sannualgoodsabilitycouldreach200millionmetrictonsfromthecurrent70million.ThelinepassesthroughareasthatexperiencehighwindsanditalsocrossespartsofthedesertedQinghai-TibetPlateauandthebone-drysandsoftheGobiDesert.TheprojectcouldhelpChinatopromoteitshigh-speedrailwaytechnologyabroadsaidMaXizhangdirectoroftheLanzhou-Xinjiangrailwayproject’smanagementdepartmentinXinjiang.25.HowlongdidittaketogofromUrumqitoLanzhoubytheusualtrainbefore?A.about12hoursB.About6hoursC.About18hoursD.About24hours26.What’sthemainadvantageofthenewhigh-speedrailway?A.IttakeslesstimetogofromUrumqitoXi’an.B.ItwillbemoreconvenientforpeoplealloverthecountrytoXinjiang.C.AllthepeopleinLanzhoucanreturnhomeonfestivals.D.IthelpstoimproveXinjiang’sdevelopment.27.Fromthepassagewecanlearn________.A.Xinjiang’sannualgoodsabilitycanincreasenearlyfourtimesB.thenewrailwaytechnologymayhelpmorerailwaylinestobebuiltabroadC.thehigh-speedrailwaylinescan’tbebuiltacrossthebone-drysandsD.theoldrailwaylinescanonlycarrygoodsnow28.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothepassage?A.Thenewhigh-speedrailwaylineisgoodforallpeopletogohomE.B.Thenewhigh-speedrailwaylinebenefitsbusinessmentocarrygoods.C.TakingthenewtrainissaferthandrivinghomefromUrumqitoLanzhou.D.BusinessmenseldomwenthomeforSpringFestivalbeforE.
Conventionalwisdomisamajorbarriertoinnovation创新thatthreatensthesurvivalofcompanieseverywherE.It’sbasedontheassumption假设thatoldideaswillalwaysworksotheyshouldn’tbechallengeD.Whilethismaybeavalid有效的assumptioninsituationsthatdon’tchangeit’sunlikelytoholdtrueinachangingsituation.Intoday’srapidchangingglobalenvironmentoldmethodsoftendon'tworkandstubbornlyusingthemcanleadtomajorproblems.Mostpeopleseemtoagreewithconventionalwisdombecauseitgivesoneafalsesenseofsecurity.IfeveryoneelsebelievesitthenitmustbetruE.IndividualswhouseconventionalwisdomarecertainthattheyarerightandbeingrightisgooD.Theywanttocontinueusingoldideasratherthantakeriskswithchangesthatmightnotwork.In1977KenOlsenco-founderandCEOofDigitalEquipmentCorporationDECstatedThereisnoreasonforanyindividualtohaveacomputerinhishomE.DespitebeinganimportantleaderinthecomputerindustryDECnolongerexists.PeopleseemtoforgetthatsinceinnovationisachangetherecanbenoinnovationwithoutchangE.Unfortunatelyconventionalwisdompreventsleadersfollowersandcompaniesfromchangingandthereforeinnovating.Ifcompaniesdon’tinnovatebuttheircompetitorsdothefutureislikelytobeproblematiC.Breakingfromconventionalwisdomhasledtomanyofthemostinnovativecompaniesandproductsinhistoryacrossmanyindustriessoithasapowerfuleffectonbusinesssuccess.TedTurnerfounderofCNNknewlittleifanythingaboutthenewsbusinessbutheknewitwasinconvenienttowatchnewsonlyatthedinnerhouraswascommonbeforeCNN.Turner’ssolutionwastocreateacablechanneldedicatedtonews24hoursaday.Thenewsestablishmentreflectedconventionalwisdomatthetimeandpredictedhisideawouldfailbecausenoonewantedtowatchthenewsallday.Howeveritdoesn’ttakearocketscientisttounderstandthatviewersdon’thavetowatchthenewsalldayfortheCNNtowork.Viewersjusthavetowatchwhentheywanttogetinformation.DuetoconventionalthinkingthecriticsfailedtorecognizetheopportunitythatwascleartoTeD.TheyassumedthatonlywhatwasfamiliartothemcouldworkinthefuturE.Conventionalwisdompreventscreativityflexibilityandrisk-takingsounconventionalleadersenthusiasticallybreakfromit.TosurvivethriveandmaintaincompetitiveadvantagecompaniesmustbeflexiblewhenreactingtochangE.28.DEChasdisappearedprobablybecause___________.A.theconsumersdidn’tlikeitsproductsB.theleaderslackedthesenseofsecurityC.theCEOstucktotheconventionalideasD.theemployeestookmanyriskswithchanges29.ThefoundingofCNNisusedasanexampletoprove_________.A.missingopportunitiescouldleadtofailureB.changingcouldcontributetobusinesssuccessC.watchingnewsatthedinnerhourisconvenientD.conventionalwisdominfluencesbusinesssuccess30.Whatdoestheunderlinedpartprobablymean?A.RocketscientistscanensuretheCNNworksproperly.B.Mostoftheviewersdon’tliketowatchthenewsatwork.C.It’snecessarytounderstandwhenpeoplewatchthenews.D.It’seasytoknowpeopleneedn’twatchthenewsallthetimE.31.Thepassageismainlywrittentotellusthat______.A.oldmethodsarechangingwithtimeB.opportunitiesleadtobusinesssuccessC.conventionalwisdomlimitsinnovationD.successfulcompaniesneedwiseleaders
Usingtoomuchwaterorthrowingrubbishintoourriversareclearwaysthathumanscanputourwatersupplyindangerbutwealsoaffectourwatersupplyinlessobviousways.Youmaywonderhowpaving铺砌aroadcanleadtolessuseablefreshwater.A.majorpartofthewaterweuseeverydayisgroundwater.Groundwaterdoesnotcomefromlakesorrivers.ItcomesfromundergrounD.Themoreroadsandparkinglotswepavethelesswatercanflowintothegroundtobecomegroundwater.Humanactivityisnotresponsibleforallwatershortages短缺.Drierclimatesareofcoursemorelikelytohavedroughts干旱thanareaswithmorerainfallbutinanycasegoodmanagementcanhelptomakesurethereisenoughwatertomeetourbasicneeds.ThinkingaboutthewayweusewatereverydaycanmakeabigdifferencetooIntheUnitedStatesafamilyoffourcanuse1.5tonsofwateraday!Thisshowshowmuchwedependonwatertolivebutthere’salotwecandotolowerthenumber.Youcantakestepstosavewaterinyourhome.Tostartwithusethesameglassforyourdrinkingwaterallday.Washitonlyonceaday.Runyourdishwasher洗碗机onlywhenitisfull.HelpyourparentsfixanyleaksinyourhomE.Youcanevenhelptokeepourwatersupplycleanbyrecyclingbatteriesinsteadofthrowingthemaway.60.Whichofthefollowingismostlikelytoleadtolessgroundwater?A.UsingriverwaterB..ThrowingbatteriesawayC.pavingparking-lotsD.Throwingrubbishintolakes61.Whatcanbeinferredfromthetext?A.AllwatershortagesareduetohumanbehaviorB.IttakesalotofefforttomeetourwaterneedsC.ThereismuchwecandotoreducefamilysizeD.TheaveragefamilyinAmericamakesproperuseofwater.62.Thelastparagraphisintendedto.A.showushowtofixleaksathomeB.tellushowtorunadishwasherC.provewhatdrinkingglassisbestforusD.suggestwhatwedotosavewaterathome63.Thetextismainlyabout.A.WhypavingroadsreducesourwaterB.howmuchwedependonwatertoliveC.whydroughtsoccurmoreindryclimatesD.howhumanactivityaffectsourwatersupply
Mostcellphonecompaniesdesignmodelsespeciallyforkids.Butparentsareusuallytheonesbuyingthephones.AccordingtoaJuly2012study56%ofparentsofchildrenaged8to12havegiventheirchildrenacellphonE.ThenumbergoesupwithagE.Thestudyjustproveswhatmanypeoplealreadyguessed:manykidsifnotmosthavetheirowncellphones.Accordingtoarecentsurvey12isthemagicnumber.ItisthemostcommonageforkidstogettheirfirstcellphonE.But13%ofchildrenaged6to10alreadyhaveonE.Peoplewhoareforkids’usingcellphonesincludingmanyparentsnoticethatcellphoneshelpkidskeepintouchwiththeirfriendsandfamilies.Theybelievethatcellphonesareanimportanttoolinadangeroussituation.Kidscanreachtheirparentsatalltimes.Andsomepeoplesayhavingacellphonehelpsteachkidstoberesponsible.Somecellphonesdesignedforkidscanbesettoonlyworkwhenparentsapprove同意.What’stheharminthat?Butotherpeopleareworriedaboutthehealthandsafetyeffectsofkids’cellphones.TheybelievethatkidswithcellphoneswillspendlesstimeplayingoutsidewithfriendsandthatsendingtextmessagesormakingphonecallswhiledoinghomeworkmakesitdifficultforkidstoconcentratE.Theysaythatkidsarespendingtoomuchtimetextinginsteadoftalkingtoeachother.OurbrainsdevelopedtocommunicatefacetofacesaysGarySmallateacherattheUCLASchoolofMedicineinCaliforniA.Alotofthisislostwithtexting.Anotherworryiscyberbullying网络欺凌whichisontheriseasmorekidsusee-mailandtextmessagestocommunicatE.Andsomeexpertsareworriedaboutpossiblehealthrisks.TheyworrythatenergywavesproducedbycellphonescouldbeharmfultoyoungpeoplE.TobesafeparentsshouldnotletthemtalklongonthephonE.16.Bymentioningtheresultsofarecentstudytheauthorwantstoshowthat.A.notallcellphonesmeetkids’needsB.manykidshavetheirowncellphonesC.notallparentsbuytheirkidscellphonesD.kidswhoareoldenoughshouldhavecellphones17.Paragraph3mainlytalksabout.A.howtomakekidsbecomeresponsibleB.thepopularityofcellphonesamongkidsC.howkidscanreachtheirfriendsandfamiliesD.supporters’opinionsonkids’usingcellphones18.Cellphonescanbebadforkidsbecause.A.kidsreducepersonalcommunicationB.kidsspendtoomuchtimeplayinggamesC.kidsdon’twanttodotheirhomeworkathomeD.cellphoneshaveabadinfluenceonkids’brains19.What’sGarySmall’sattitudetowardstexting?A.Heisuncertainaboutit.B.Heknowslittleaboutit.C.Heisagainstit.D.Heisfondofit.20.Wecanlearnfromthetextthat.A.there’recellphonesspeciallydesignedforkidsonthemarketB.kidsaged6to10havemorecellphonesthankidsatotheragesC.kidswhohavecellphoneshavefewerfriendsthanthosewhodon’tD.cellphoneshelpkidsimprovetheirrelationshipswithfriendsandfamilies
Allanimalsarepartofthefoodchain:theyarelistedonsomeoneelse'smenuandalwaysruntheriskofendingupassomeoneelse'slunchdinnerorsnack.Toprotectthemselvesfrombeingeatenandtosurviveinthewildmanyanimalshavedevelopedcleverwaystoescapefromoravoiddanger.LikehumanbeingsanimalsoftentrytohideorrunawaywhentheyarebeingattackeD.Manyanimalshaveadaptedtotheirenvironmentinsuchawaythattheycanhidebetter.HavingtherightcolourcanmakeabigdifferencE.Manyanimalshavethesameorsimilarcolourastheirenvironmentmakingitmoredifficultforotheranimalstofindthem.Somecanchangecolourveryquicklyeveninafewseconds.OtheranimalsandinsectshaveabodyshapethathelpsthemhidE.Someinsectslookjustlikeasmallstickandcaneasilyhideinatreeorbush.Ifitistoolatetohideorrunawayananimalmustuseothermethodstosurviveanattack.OnetypeofsnakethatlivesinTexashasdevelopedaninterestingwaytodefenditself.IfitisattackeditfirstmakesitselflookbiggerandpretendstobeadangeroussnakE.Ifthatdoesn'tworkthesnakeusesanothertrick:itrollsoveropensitsmouthandactsasifitweredeaD.ThesnakeissuchagoodactorthatitseemsquitedeaD.Ifsomeonepicksitupithangslikearopeanddoesn'tmovE.HoweverifyourollitbackonitsstomachitwillrolloveronitsbackagaininordertolookdeaD.Anotherwaytosurviveanattackistohaveusefulbodyparts.Theturtlehasathickshellthatprotectsitfromitsenemiesandotheranimalshaveteethclawsandhornsthattheycanusetodefendthemselves.Therearealsoanimalsthatcanusetheirtailstofightoffattackers.A.longtailcanbeusedtohitanattackerandthereisevenananimalwhosetailwillbreakoffsothatitcanrunawayifsomeonegrabs抓住it.Thebestwaytostaysafeistodevelopawaytoreceiveanearlywarningwhendangercomes.Manyanimalsstaytogetherinlargegroupsandusesoundsandbodylanguagetowarneachotheriftheyseeorhearsomethingsuspicious.SomeanimalsevenworktogetherwithotherspeciestostaysafE.Thebirdsyouoftenseeonthebackofawaterbuffalohaveanimportantjob:theyhelpwarnthebuffaloofdanger.58.Whatdoallanimalshaveincommontoprotectthemselves?A.PretendingtobedeaD.B.Hidingorrunningaway.C.Usingtheirbodiestofightback.D.ChangingtheirsizE.59.HowdoyouunderstandthesentenceAllanimalsarepartofthefoodchain:?A.AllanimalsmusthelpeachothertosurvivE.B.Everykindofanimalhasaneating-and-being-eatenrelationwithotheranimals.C.Allanimalsareabigfamily.D.AllanimalsdependonfoodtolivE.60.ThekindofsnakementionedinthepassagewillrolloveronitsbackagaininordertolookdeaD.showsits_____.A.clevernessB.stupidityC.quicknessD.laziness
OneanimalwhichisstillalivebuthasalmostdisappearedfromtheworldistheChineseriverdolphinorbaiji.ThebaijiisabeautifulanimalwithagracefulbodyandalongnosE.Itisblue-greywithawhiteundersideweighsbetween100and160kilogrammesandcangrowuptoeightfeetlong.ItlivesinthemiddleandlowerpartsoftheYangtzeRiver.Mostdolphinsliveintheseasothebaijiisveryunusual.ItisoneofonlyfivekindsofriverdolphinsintheworlD.Inthepastthereweremanystoriesaboutthebaiji.Onestorysaidthatthedolphinwasreallyabeautifulprincesswhohaddrownedintheriver.Anothersaiditwasakindofhorsethatcouldgallop急速行进acrosswatercarryingGodonitsback.Sadlythesituationtodayisverydifferent.ManymillionsofpeopleliveintheYangtzeRiverBasinandtheriverisbusynoisyandpolluteD.Thebaijiisalmostblindandmovesaroundusingsounds.WithsomanyboatsandpeopleusingtherivertheanimalscannotfindtheirwayarounD.Theyareunabletofindfoodorfindeachother.Yearbyyearthenumberofbaijiintheriverbecomessmallerandsmaller.Alotofworkisbeingdonetohelpthebaiji.OnesectionoftheriverhasbeenmadeintoakindofnatureparkwherethebajijcanbesafE.FishermenworktogetherwithscientistsandtellthemwhentheyseeabajijoriftheyfindaninjuredonE.Injuredanimalsaretakentoaresearchcenterandnursedbacktobehealthy.Howeverinspiteofthesemeasuresscientistsestimate估计thatthemumberofthebajijstillaliveintherivermaybelessthan100.Ifthingscontinueastheyarethelovelycreaturewilldisappearinthenext25years.33.WhichdescriptionaboutthebaijiisWRONG?A.IthasalreadydiedoutfromtheworlD.B.Itisblue-greywithawhiteundersidE.C.ItlivesinthemiddleandlowerpartsoftheYangtzeRiver.D.Itisoneofonly5kindsofriverdolphinsintheworlD.34.ThereasonswhythebaijiisdisappearingarethefollowingEXCEPT.A.manymillionsofpeopleliveintheYangtzeRiverBasinmakingtherenoisyandpollutedB.thebaijiisblindbecauseofthepollutionandcan’tfindthewayaroundC.theboatsandpeoplearenoisymakingtheanimalscannotfindtheirwayaroundbysoundsD.theyareunabletofindfoodorfindeachotherbysoundssincetheriverisnoisy35.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.PeopleliketoliveintheYangtzeRiverBasinwithanimalsswimmingintheriver.B.Theanimalsdyingoutarebeinghuntedbyhumanbeings.C.Peoplecantakesomemeasurestosavetheanimalsdyingout.D.Therearemorebajijlivinginanatureparknow.
Whoknowsaboutsleep?Astronauts宇航员.Theyhaveto.Theirbodiesarecutofffromtheoutsideworldthatreminds提醒uswhattimeitis.Butactuallyit'sevenworsethanthat.AnastronautreportedinhisdiarythathewaslikelytomakemistakesondaysfollowinganunusuallylatebedtimE.SoNASAstarteddoingsomeseriousresearch.Theyquicklyrealizedthatwe'reaslavetotheoutsideworlD.Withoutlightanddarknesswe'reunabletoregulate管理sleeptimes.Becauseofmoderntechnologywe'realllivingmorelikeastronautsnow.Lightisnolongerafunction功能ofthesunbutofalways-onindoorlightsTVandcomputerscreens.Temperaturenolongerfollowsacycleofcoolingatnightandwarmingduringtheday.IsitanywonderthatathirdofAmericanshavesleepproblems?Maybeyouthinkthisdoesn'taffectyou—oratleastnotmuch.You'rewrong.Researchdoneonnon-astronautshasshownthesamething.Aftertwoweeksofsixhoursofsleepanight;you'redrunk.Bytheendoftwoweeksthesix-hoursleepersbehavedasbadlyasthosewhohadn'tsleptfor24hours.Butwhatdidtheysaywhenaskedhowtheyfelt?It'snotaffectingmE.SoifyouareperformingpoorlybecauseofsleepproblemsyoumayhavenoideA.Thisisarealproblem.SowhatanswersdidNASAcomeupwith?TakeanhourtocalmdownbeforebeD.Yesyou'rebusy.Butyourtimeisnotmorevaluablethananastronaut's.KeepyourbedroomdarkcoolandfreefromnoisE.Evenifyouthinkthelightdoesn'taffectyouorthenoiseisn'tthatbaditcanstillaffectsleepquality.Anotheradvice:forgetthealarmclock闹钟inthemorning;setanalarmtoremindyoutogotobedatnight.Whenitgoesofffinishupanyworkonthecomputerandturnoffanyunnecessarylights.Thispreventsyoufromcheatingyourselfonsleepandallowsyoutowakeupnaturally.32.WhatdidNASAfindaboutpeople’ssleep?A.Ittakesalongtimetodevelopregularsleeptimes.B.It’sstronglyinfluencedbytheoutsideworlD.C.Itremainsuntouchedbyoutsideinfluences.D.It’shardtochangeone’ssleephabits.33.Thebiggestproblemofthosewhohaven’tenoughsleepliesinthefactthat.A.theycan’tfallasleepwithoutthelightsonB.theydon’tknowwhethertheysleepwellC.theyrefusetoregulatetheirsleeptimesD.theygettoodrunktosleepwell34.Whatdoestheunderlinedsentenceinthetextmean?A.YoushouldmakefulluseofyourtimE.B.Youcanfindthetimetogetreadytosleep.C.Youcansleeplatertofinishyourworkfirst.D.Youshouldlearnfromastronauts’wayofsleep.35.What’stheadviceonthealarmclock?A.Useittoremindyoutosleep.B.PutitfarawayfromyourbeD.C.Getupimmediatelywhenitrings.D.Paynoattentiontoitwhenitrings.
Whyshouldmankindexplorespace?Whyshouldmoneytimeandeffortbespentexploringandresearchingsomethingwithsofewapparentbenefits?WhyshouldresourcesbespentonspaceratherthanonconditionsandpeopleonEarth?ThesearequestionsthatunderstandablyareveryoftenaskeD.Perhapsthebestanswerliesinourgeneticmakeup基因构成ashumanbeings.Whatdroveourancestorstomovefromthetreesintotheplainsandonintoallpossibleareasandenvironments?Thewiderthespreadofaspeciesthebetteritschanceofsurvival.PerhapsthebestreasonforexploringspaceisthisgenetictendencytoexpandwhereverpossiblE.Nearlyeverysuccessfulcivilizationhasexploredbecausebydoingsoanydangersinsurroundingareascanbeidentifiedandpreparedfor.Withoutknowledgewemaybecompletelydestroyedbythedanger.Withknowledgewecanlessenitseffects.Explorationalsoallowsmineralsandotherpotential潜在的resourcestobefounD.Evenifwehavenoimmediateneedofthemtheywillperhapsbeusefullater.Resourcesmaybemorethanphysicalpossessions.Knowledgeortechniqueshavebeenacquiredthroughexploration.Thetechniquesmayhavemedicalapplicationswhichcanimprovethelengthorqualityofourlives.Wehavealreadybenefitedfromotherspin-offsincludingimprovementsinearthquakepredictioninsatellitesforweatherforecastingandincommunicationssystems.Evennon-stickpansandmirroredsunglassesareby-products副产品oftechnologicaldevelopmentsinthespaceindustry!Whilemanyresourcesarespentonwhatseemsasmallreturntheexplorationofspaceallowscreativebraveandintelligentmembersofourspeciestofocusonwhatmayservetosaveus.Whilespacemayholdmanywondersandexplanationsofhowtheuniversewasformedorhowitworksitalsoholdsdangers.ThedangerexistsbutknowledgecanhelphumanbeingtosurvivE.Withouttheabilitytoreachoutacrossspacethechancetosaveourselvesmightnotexist.WhileEarthistheonlyplanetknowntosupportlifesurelytheadaptiveabilityofhumanswouldallowustoliveonotherplanets.ItistruethatthelifestylewouldbedifferentbuthumanlifeandcultureshaveadaptedinthepastandsurelycouldinthefuturE.33.WhydoestheauthormentionthequestionsinParagraph1?A.Toexpresshisdoubts.B.Tocomparedifferentideas.C.Tointroducepointsfordiscussion.D.TodescribetheconditionsonEarth.34.WhatisthereasonforexploringspacebasedonParagraph2?A.Humansarenature-borntodoso.B.Humanshavethetendencytofight.C.HumansmayfindnewsourcesoffooD.D.Humansdon’tliketostayinthesameplacE.35.Whatmakesitpossibleforhumanstoliveonotherplanets?A.Ourgeneticmakeup.B.Resourcesontheearth.C.Theadaptiveabilityofhumans.D.By-productsinspaceexploration.
WhileIwillexplainabitaboutthescienceofstressandrelaxationalittlelaterinthechapterasimplewaytothinkaboutitisthatourbody’sstressresponseworkslikeacaralarm.Itisdesignedtokeepussafebywarningusofthepresenceofdangerinourimmediateenvironment.Butinsteadofwarninguswithaloudandannoyingsoundourbodyalarmsystemletsusknowthatsomethingiswrongbycreatingchangesinourneurochemistry神经化学.Ifyou’veeverexperiencedpaininyourstomachperiodsofextremeangerinabilitytofocusoreveninsomnia失眠chancesareyourbodywaspayingthepriceinthosemomentsforthebrainchemistryofstress.Soifit’ssouncomfortablewhynotjustgetridofstressaltogether?Thisisnotonlyimpracticalitwouldbedangerous.Let’sgobacktothemetaphor比喻说法ofthecaralarm.IfthealarmisturnedoffaltogetherthecarisexposedtocontinualdangerwithouttherebeinganywayofyourknowingaboutituntilitistoolatE.Itwouldbelikewalkingthroughthejunglewithoutanyfearsignalinthepresenceofapoisonoussnakeorotherdangerousanimals—whileitmightfeelnicetobesorelaxedyourbodyactuallyneedsthestressresponsenotonlytoremindyouofdangerbutalsotoofferextraadrenaline肾上腺素foryourheartandextrabloodandoxygenforyourarmsandlegs.Howeverifthecaralarmgoesoffatanytimesomeonejustlooksatthecarwithabitofanatti-tudeanditbecomesequallyuseless.Notonlydowestoppayingattentiontoitbutitbeginstodriveusandeveryonearoundusbecomesalittlebitcrazy.Inthecaseofourbodieswalkingaroundinaconstantstateofalarmalsohassomeprettyalarminghealthconsequenceswhichwewillexploreingreaterdepthinthenextchapter.25.Ourbody'sstressresponseiscomparedtoacaralarminthat_.A.theyworkallthetimeB.theybothgiveasignalC.theyworkinthesamewayD.theybothproduceasound26.Whenourbodyalarmsystemworks_.A.wefeelcalmB.wefeelexcitedC.somechangeshappeninourbrainD.somechangeshappeninourheart27.Whatwouldhappenifstressweregotridofcompletely?A.We'11befreeofworries.B.We'11achieveasenseofsafety.C.We'11reachaperfectstateofminD.D.We'11failtorealizethepossibledanger.28.What’sthepurposeofgivingtheexampleofwalkingthroughtheJungleinParagraph4?A.Toshowtheharmofstress.B.Toshowtheeffectofstress.C.ToexplainthefunctionofstressresponsE.D.ToexplainthenecessityofstressresponsE.
ThesplendidauroralightdisplaysthatappearinEarth'satmospherearoundthenorthandsouthmagnetic磁的poleswereoncemysteriousphenomenA.Nowscientistshavedatafromsatellitesandgroundbasedobservationsfromwhichweknowthattheaurorabrillianceisamassiveelectricaldischargesimilartothatoccurringinaneonsign.[Z-x-x-k.Com]TounderstandthecauseofaurorasfirstpicturetheEarthenclosedbyitsmagnetosphere磁层ahugeregioncreatedbytheEarth'smagneticfielD.Outsidethemagnetosphererushingtowardtheearthisthesolarwindaspeedilymovingbodyofionized离子化的gaseswithitsownmagneticfielD.Chargedparticles粒子inthissolarwindspeedearthwardalongthesolarwind'smagneticlinesofforcE.TheEarth'smagnetosphereisabarriertothesolarwindsandforcesthechargedparticlesofthesolarwindtoflowaroundthemagnetosphereitself.ButinthepolarregionsthemagneticlinesofforceoftheEarthandofthesolarwindgathertogether.Heremanyofthesolarwind'schargedparticlesbreakthroughthemagnetosphereandenterEarth'smagneticfielD.TheythenrushbackandforthbetweentheEarth'smagneticpolesveryrapidlyandionizeandexcitetheatomsoftheupperatmosphereoftheEarthcausingthemtoproduceauroraradiationsofvisiblelight.Thecolorsofanauroradependontheatomsproducingthem.Theleadinggreenishwhitelightcomesfromlowenergyexcitationofoxygenatoms.Duringhugemagneticstormsoxygenatomsalsoundergohighenergyexcitationandproducepinklight.Excitednitrogen氮atomscontributebandsofcolorvaryingfrombluetoviolet.ViewedfromouterspaceaurorascanbeseenasdimlyshiningbeltswrappedaroundeachoftheEarth'smagneticpoles.Eachaurorahangslikeacurtainoflightstretchingoverthepolarregionsandintothehigherlatitudes.Whenthesolarflares闪光thatresultinmagneticstormsandauroraactivityareverystrongauroradisplaysmayextendasfarasthesouthernregionsoftheUnitedStates.58.Whatisitthatdirectlygivesoffauroralight?A.theEarth'smagneticfieldB.thesolarwind'smagneticfieldC.theEarth'sionizedparticlesD.thesolarwind'schargedparticles59.Whatdoesthethirdparagraphmainlydiscuss?A.TheappearanceofaurorasaroundtheEarth'spoles.B.Theperiodicchangeinthedisplayofauroras.C.Thefactorsthatcausethevarietyofcolorsinauroras.D.Thecoveringareaofaurorasbasedontheircolors.60.Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?A.ThemagnetosphereincreasesthespeedofparticlesfromthesolarwinD.B.Thecolorofgreenishwhiteappearsleastfrequentlyinanauroradisplay.C.Earth'smagneticfieldcontributestothevarietyanddifferenceofaurora'scolors.D.ThestrengthofthesolarflareshasapositiveeffectontheextendingdistanceofaurorA.
Plantsareveryimportantlivingthings.Lifecouldnotgooniftherewerenoplants.Thisisbecauseplantscanmakefoodfromairwaterandsunlight.Animalsandmancannotmakefoodfromthem.Animalsgettheirfoodbyeatingplantsandotheranimals.ThereforeanimalsandmanneedplantsinorderlivE.Thisiswhywefindthattherearesomanyplantsaroundus.Ifyoulookcarefullyattheplantsaroundyouyouwillfindthattherearetwokindsofplantsfloweringplantsandnon-floweringplants.Floweringplantscanmakeseeds.Theseedsareprotectedbythefruits.Somefruitshaveoneseedsomehavetwothreeorfourandsomehavemanyseeds.Butafewfruitshavenoseedsatall.Anexampleofafruitwithoutseedsisthebananafruit.Mostnon-floweringplantsdonotgrowfromseeds.Theygrowfromspores胚芽.Sporesareverysmall.Somesporesaresosmallandlightthattheycanfloatintheair.Wemaysaythatsporesarequitethesameasseeds.Whenthesesporesareallonwetandshadyplacestheyusuallygrowintonewplants.21.Themainideaofthefirstparagraphisthat______.A.plantsareimportantforlifeB.plantscannotgrowwithoutairC.therearemanyplantsintheworldD.wecannotlivewithoutwater22.Plantscanmakefoodfrom______.A.flowerwaterandairB.watersunlightandairC.airwaterandsoilD.airsunandlight23.Whatcanweinfer推断fromthepassage?A.OfalllivingthingsanimalsaremostimportantB.SporesareseedsC.AllfruitsoffloweringplantshaveseedsD.Withoutplantsmanwoulddieout24.Thispassagemaybetakenfrom______.A.amedicinebookB.anovelC.asciencemagazineD.anexperimentreport25.Theunderlinedwordprotectedcanbereplacedby______.A.damagedB.pollutedC.destroyedD.guarded
ThesplendidauroralightdisplaysthatappearinEarth’satmospherearoundthenorthandsouthmagnetic磁的poleswereoncemysteriousphenomenA.Nowscientistshavedatafromsatellitesandground-basedobservationsfromwhichweknowthattheaurorabrillianceisamassiveelectricaldischargesimilartothatoccurringinaneonsign.TounderstandthecauseofaurorasfirstpicturetheEarthenclosedbyitsmagnetosphere磁层ahugeregioncreatedbytheEarth’smagneticfielD.Outsidethemagnetosphererushingtowardtheearthisthesolarwindaspeedilymovingbodyofionized离子化的gaseswithitsownmagneticfielD.Chargedparticles粒子inthissolarwindspeedearthwardalongthesolarwind’smagneticlinesofforcE.TheEarth’smagnetosphereisabarriertothesolarwindsandforcesthechargedparticlesofthesolarwindtoflowaroundthemagnetosphereitself.ButinthepolarregionsthemagneticlinesofforceoftheEarthandofthesolarwindgathertogether.Heremanyofthesolarwind’schargedparticlesbreakthroughthemagnetosphereandenterEarth’smagneticfielD.TheythenrushbackandforthbetweentheEarth’smagneticpolesveryrapidlyandionizeandexcitetheatomsoftheupperatmosphereoftheEarthcausingthemtoproduceauroraradiationsofvisiblelight.Thecolorsofanauroradependontheatomsproducingthem.Theleadinggreenish-whitelightcomesfromlowenergyexcitationofoxygenatoms.Duringhugemagneticstormsoxygenatomsalsoundergohighenergyexcitationandproducepinklight.Excitednitrogen氮atomscontributebandsofcolorvaryingfrombluetoviolet.ViewedfromouterspaceaurorascanbeseenasdimlyshiningbeltswrappedaroundeachoftheEarth’smagneticpoles.Eachaurorahangslikeacurtainoflightstretchingoverthepolarregionsandintothehigherlatitudes.Whenthesolarflares闪光thatresultinmagneticstormsandauroraactivityareverystrongauroradisplaysmayextendasfarasthesouthernregionsoftheUnitedStates.58.Whatisitthatdirectlygivesoffauroralight?A.theEarth’smagneticfieldB.thesolarwind’smagneticfieldC.theEarth’sionizedparticlesD.thesolarwind’schargedparticles59.Whatdoesthethirdparagraphmainlydiscuss?A.TheappearanceofaurorasaroundtheEarth’spoles.B.Theperiodicchangeinthedisplayofauroras.C.Thefactorsthatcausethevarietyofcolorsinauroras.D.Thecoveringareaofaurorasbasedontheircolors.60.Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?A.ThemagnetosphereincreasesthespeedofparticlesfromthesolarwinD.B.Thecolorofgreenish-whiteappearsleastfrequentlyinanauroradisplay.C.Earth’smagneticfieldcontributestothevarietyanddifferenceofaurora’scolors.D.ThestrengthofthesolarflareshasapositiveeffectontheextendingdistanceofaurorA.
ChinesefemalescientistTuYouyouwonthe2015NobelPrizeinmedicineonOctober5forherdiscoveriesconcerninganoveltreatmentagainstMalaria疟疾.ThisisthefirstNobelPrizegiventoaChinesescientistforworkcarriedoutwithinChinA.TusharedtheprizewithIrish-bornWilliamCampbellandSatoshiOmuraofJapanwhowerehonoredfortheirrevolutionaryanti-roundwormtreatment.84-year-oldTuisawardedthisprizeforhercontributiontocuttingthedeathrateofmalariareducingpatients’sufferingandpromotingmankind’shealth.Althoughshereceivedseveralmedicalawardsinthepastthe2015NobelPrizeisdefinitelythemostprivilegerewardthatrecognizesTu’sdedicationandperseveranceindiscoveringartemisinin青蒿素thekeydrugthatbattlesmalaria-friendlyparasites寄生虫.Howeverherroutetothehonorhasbeenanythingbuttraditional.ShewontheNobelPrizeformedicinebutshedoesn’thaveamedicaldegreeoraPhD.InChinasheisevenbeingcalledthethree-noeswinner:nomedicaldegreenodoctorateandshe’sneverworkedoverseas.NowonderhersuccesshasstirredChina’snationalprideandhelpedpromoteconfidenceofnativeChinesescientists.ThefactthatTuhasnoneofthesethreebackgroundsremindsusthatscienceshouldbemoreaccessibletoall.Oneshallbeabletobecomeascientistnomatterwhatkindofbackgroundheorshecomesfromaslongasonedivesintoscientificresearch.TherehavebeendiscussionsonpeoplewhoreallylovesciencebutareneverabletoachievemuchduringtheirwholelifE.TheircontributionscanneverbeignoreD.TheyworksohardtoprovethewrongwaysothatthefutureresearcherswillbeclosertotherightonE.AsthefirstChinesemainlandNobelPrizeWinnerofnaturalscienceawardTu’srecord-breakingwinningalsoservesasaremindertothosewhoaretooeagerforinstantsuccess.Scienceisneveraboutinstantsuccess.TuspentdecadesonscientificresearchbeforeitsvalueisofficiallyacknowledgeD.Thereisnowaytomeasurehowmuchonedevotestoscienceandcompareitwithhowmuchrewardheorshemayget.21.Itcanbeconcludedfromthetextthat__________.A.TuworkedhomeandabroadtoconductherresearchB.TugottheNobelPrizeforheranti-roundwormtreatmentC.TheNobelPrizeisthefirstawardtorecognizeherworkD.HerdiscoveryofartemisininhashelpedtocutMalariadeathrate22.Theauthorseemstoagreethatapersonwhoismorelikelytobecomeascientististheonewith__________.A.asenseofnationalprideB.relevantacademicknowledgeC.enthusiasmforscientificresearchD.adesiretoachievesuccess23.Inwritingthepassagetheauthorintendsto___________.A.remindreadersoftheprinciplesofscientificresearchB.discouragethepursuitofinstantsuccessinscienceC.informreadersofthenewsandmakecommentsD.praisetheawardwinnerandencouragescientificresearch
TheSwissarmyknifeisapopulardevicethatisrecognizedallovertheworlD.InSwitzerlandthereisasayingthateverygoodSwisscitizenhasoneinhisorherpocket.Buttheknifehadpoorbeginnings.InthelatenineteenthcenturytheSwissarmyissued发给itssoldiersagunthatrequiredaspecialscrewdriver螺丝刀totakeitapartandcleanit.Atthesametimecannedfoodwasbecomingcommoninthearmy.Swissgeneralsdecidedtoissueeachsoldierastandardknifetoservebothasascrewdriverandacanopener.ItwasalifesaverforSwissknifemakerswhowerestrugglingtoaskforcheaperGermanimports.In1884CarlElsenerheadoftheSwissknifemanufacturermakerVictorinoxseizedthatopportunitywithbothhandsanddesignedasoldier’sknifethatthearmyloved.Itwasasimpleknifewithonebigblade刀片acanopenerandascrewdriver.Afewyearsafterthesoldier’sknifewasissuedtheSchweizerOffizerMesserorSwissOfficer’sKnifecameonthemarketInterestinglytheOfficer’sKnifewasnevergiventothoseservinginthearmy.TheSwissarmypurchasersconsideredthenewmodelwithacorkscrew瓶塞钻foropeningwinenotessentialforsurvivalsoofficershadtobuythisnewmodelbythemselves.Butitsspecialmulti-functionaldesignlaterlaunched发行theknifeasaglobalbranD.AftertheSecondWorldWaragreatnumberofAmericansoldierswerestationedinEuropE.AndastheycouldbuytheSwissarmyknifeatshopsonarmybasestheyboughthugequantitiesofthem.HoweveritseemsthatSchweizerOffizerMesserwastoodifficultforthemtosaysotheyjustcalledittheSwissarmyknifeandthatisthenameitisnowknownbyallovertheworlD.49.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?A.ToemphasizetheimportanceoftheSwissarmyknifE.B.TointroducethefunctionsoftheSwissarmyknifE.C.ToexplaintheoriginofSwissarmyknifE.D.TotellastoryaboutthedesigneroftheSwissarmyknifE.50.WhatdoesItinthethirdparagraphreferto?A.CannedfoodwasbecomingpopularinSwissarmy.B.EverygoodSwisscitizenhadaknifeinhispocket.C.TheSwissarmyneededaknifeforeverysoldier.D.Swisskniveswerecompetingwithimportedknives.51.Whydidn’ttheSwissarmypurchasetheSwissOfficer’sKnife?A.Thenewdesignwasnotconsiderednecessaryforofficerstoown.B.ThearmyhadnobudgetothepurchasE.C.TheknifewassoldouttoAmericansoldiers.D.ThedesignoftheknifewastoosimplE.52.WhogavethenametheSwissarmyknifetotheknifediscussedinthepassage?A.SwissgeneralsB.CarlElsenerC.GermanbusinessmanD.Americansoldiers.
ThelatestattackontheInternetandoncomputersingeneralisNicholasCarr’swritingTheShallows:WhattheInternetIsDoingtoOurBrains.CarrandotherdigitalalarmistsmakeacasethatseemsreasonableatleastonthesurfacE.TheyarguethatInternetcommunicationtoolstrapusinashallowcultureofconstantinterruptionaswecrazilytweettextande-mail.Thisinturnleavesuslittletimefordeepreadingreflectionandseriousconversation—activitiestraditionallythoughttobuildknowledgeandwisdom.Thealarmistsusetheconceptofneuralplasticity神经可塑性andtalkoftechnologyreshapingthebraintoconvinceusthatthenewdistractionsmakeusnotjustlesswillingbutlessableonaphysiologicalleveltofocus.Wheneveryouhearthatsomethingischangingyourbrainyououghttobeworried—oratleastthepersontellingyouwantsyoutobeworrieD.Butdoesaculturalchangelikethisnecessarilyleadtoafundamentalchangetothebrain?Theappealstoneuralplasticitybackedbystudiesshowingthatnewchangescanreorganizethebrainarelargelyirrelevant.Thebasicplanofthebrain’sshapingisgeneticallydeterminedlongbeforeachilddiscoversFacebookandTwitter.Thereissimplynoexperimentalevidencetoshowthatlivingwithdigitalculturefundamentallychangesbrainorganizationinawaythataffectsone’sabilitytofocus.Ofcoursethebrainchangesanytimeweformamemoryorlearnanewskillbutnewskillsbuildonourexistingcapacitieswithoutfundamentallychangingthem.Wewillnomoreloseourabilitytopayattentionthanwewillloseourabilitytolistenseeorspeak.TheideathattheInternetmightmakeusshallowerhassomeinstantappealbecauseitiseasytoseehowthecognitiveperformanceofpeoplearoundusdropswhentheyaredistracteD.Butthenotionthatprolongedfocusanddeepreadingmarkthebestpathtowisdomandinsightisjustanassumptiononethatmaybeanaccidentalconsequenceoftheprintingpressexistingbeforethecomputer.Tobookauthorslikeusitseemsaweirdnotionbutitispossiblethatspending10ormorehoursengagedinasingletextmightnotbethemostfavorablewayforbuildingbrainpower.Sodon’tbeafraidofthedigitalerA.GoogleisnotmakingusstupidPowerPointisnotdestroyingliteratureandtheInternetisnotreallychangingourbrains.Title:Don’t71thedigitalera!Digitalalarmists’72againstthedigitalculturE.ViewpointsProofs●Becauseoftechnologyweare73inashallowculturewithalackofknowledgeandwisdom.●Weareconstantly74byInterentcommunicationtoolswhichresultsinlessdeepreadingreflectionandseriousconversation.●Ourbrainisreshapedinto75andinabilitytofocusbytechnology.●Theconceptofneuralplasticityshowsthatbraincanbereorganizedbynew76.Author’spointofview●Digitalculturedoesnot77afundamentalchangetothebrain.●Thebrain’sshapingisdeterminedby78longbeforeachilddiscoverstheinternet.●79theinfluenceofnewtechnologyonthebrainnoexperimentalevidenceshowstheywillaffectone’sabilitytofocus.●TheInternetdoesnotmakeusshallower.●Itisjustanassumptionthatwisdomandinsightbestarisefromdeepreadingandfocus.
Whenbuildinghousespeopleusedtothinkaboutnotonlytheclimateoftheareasbutalsothebuildingmaterialsandthefashionsfortheirhouses.Howeversinceelectricitybecamemoreandmoreexpensivepeoplebegantopaymuchmoreattentiontotheenergytheycouldgetfortheirhousesandthenewwaystheycouldfindtoprotecttheirhousesfrombothcoldandheat.Nowhousesofanoldyetnewtypehavebeenwidelybuilt.Insomepartsoftheworldpeoplesharetheirhouseswiththeirlivestock家禽.Duringcoldweathertheygathertheircowsgoatsorotheranimalsandkeepthemonthefirstflooroftheirhouses.Thereasonsarethattheanimalscanbeprotectedfromthecoldandthattheycanhelptoheatthehousesaswell.Thebodyheatgivenoffbytheanimalsrisestothesecondfloorofthehouseswherepeoplelivein.Bysharingtheirhouseswiththeirlivestockpeoplegainasourceofheat.Peoplewholiveinornearcitiesdonotusuallykeeplivestock.Howeverhomebuildersusethefactthatheatrises.Thisnaturallawcanbeusedinbuildinghousesintheseareas.Insteadofkeepinglivestockonthefirstfloorbuildersfillitwithlargerocks.Astheyareopentothesun’sraysduringcoldweathertheserockstakeinheat.Theyalsogiveofftheheatandofcoursethewarmairrisesintothelivingareasofthehouses.Sothesehousesareenergy-saving.House-buildingbecomesagreatchallengetobuildingdesignersandenergyengineers.Theytrytomeetthischallengebylearningfromoldtraditionsandbyusingmoderntechnology.Andsomedayinthefuturepeoplewillbeabletoliveinmoreenergy-savinghouses.29.Whatdidpeoplebegintoconsideraselectricitywasnolongercheap?A.Theclimateoftheirareas.B.Theenergyfortheirhouses.C.Thefashionsfortheirhouses.D.Thebuildingmaterialsfortheirhouses.30.Theunderlinedwordsnaturallawinthethirdparagraphrefertothefactthat_____________.A.heatraisesthetemperatureinthehousesB.heatgoesintheupwarddirectionC.heatgoesupiftemperatureisraisedD.heatincreasesthetemperatureofrocks31.Fromthepassagewecanconcludethat__________.A.peoplewillnolongerconsiderbuildingmaterialsinthefutureB.energy-savingbuildingswillbecomemorepopularinthefutureC.almostallpeoplewillmoveintothehousesheatedbylargerocksD.energyengineerswilldevotethemselvesonlytomoderntechnology
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