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阅读下面的短文文章中有5处空白文章后面有6组文字请根据文章的内容选择5组文字将其分别放回文章原有位置
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阅读下面的短文文章中有5处空白文章后有6组文字请根据文章的内容选择5组文字将其分别放回文章原有位置以
阅读下面的短文文章中有5处空白文章后面有6组文字请根据文章的内容选择5组文字将其分别放回文章原有位置
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Ireservetherighttodisagree.
Themachinemustbeoperatedbyhand.Itisn’’tautomatic.
TheGrandCanyon StandingontherimoftheGrandCanyon大峡谷gazingacrossthisgiantwoundintheEarth’’ssurfaceavisitormightassumethatthecanyonhadbeencausedbysomeancientconvulsion震动.Infacttheeventsthatproducedthecanyonfarfrombeingsuddenandcatastrophicsimplyadduptotheslowandorderlyprocessoferosion. ManymillionsofyearsagotheColoradoPlateauintheGrandCanyonareacontained1000morefeetofrockthanitdoestodayandwasrelativelylevel.Theadditionalmaterialconsistedofsome14layeredformationsofrock.IntheGrandCanyonregiontheselayerswerelargelywornawayoverthecourseofmillionsofyears. Approximately65millionyearsagotheplateausflatsurfaceintheGrandCanyonareabulgedupwardfrominternalpressuregeologistsrefertothisbulgingactionsupwarding弯曲上升;itwasfollowedbyageneralelevationofthewholeColoradoPlateauaprocessthatisstillgoingon.Astheplateaugraduallyroseshallowriversthatwindedacrossitbegantorunmoreswiftlyandcutmoredefinitecourses.OneoftheseriverslocatedeastoftheupwardwastheancestoroftheColorado.AnotherriversystemcalledtheHualapaiflowingwestoftheupwardextendeditselfeastwardbycuttingbackintotheupwarditeventuallyconnectedwiththeancientColoradoandcaptureditswaters.Thenewriverthenbegantocarveoutthe277-mile-longtrenchthateventuallybecametheGrandCanyon.Geologistsestimatethatthisinitialcuttingactionbegannoearlierthan10millionyearsago. SincethentheCanyonforminghasbeencumulative.Tothecorrosiveforceoftheriveritselfhavebeenaddedotherfactors.Heatandcoldrainandsnowalongwiththevaryingresistanceoftherocksincreasetheopportunitiesforerosions.TheCanyonwallscrumbletheriveracquiresacuttingtool.Tonsofdebrisrainfallrunningoffthehighplateaucreatesfeederstreamsthatcarresidecanyons.Pushingslowlybackwardintotheplateauthesidecanyonsexposenewrocksandthepatternoferosioncontinues. Thepassagewouldmostlikelybefoundinatextbookonwhichofthefollowingsubjects?
TheGrandCanyon StandingontherimoftheGrandCanyon大峡谷gazingacrossthisgiantwoundintheEarth’’ssurfaceavisitormightassumethatthecanyonhadbeencausedbysomeancientconvulsion震动.Infacttheeventsthatproducedthecanyonfarfrombeingsuddenandcatastrophicsimplyadduptotheslowandorderlyprocessoferosion. ManymillionsofyearsagotheColoradoPlateauintheGrandCanyonareacontained1000morefeetofrockthanitdoestodayandwasrelativelylevel.Theadditionalmaterialconsistedofsome14layeredformationsofrock.IntheGrandCanyonregiontheselayerswerelargelywornawayoverthecourseofmillionsofyears. Approximately65millionyearsagotheplateausflatsurfaceintheGrandCanyonareabulgedupwardfrominternalpressuregeologistsrefertothisbulgingactionsupwarding弯曲上升;itwasfollowedbyageneralelevationofthewholeColoradoPlateauaprocessthatisstillgoingon.Astheplateaugraduallyroseshallowriversthatwindedacrossitbegantorunmoreswiftlyandcutmoredefinitecourses.OneoftheseriverslocatedeastoftheupwardwastheancestoroftheColorado.AnotherriversystemcalledtheHualapaiflowingwestoftheupwardextendeditselfeastwardbycuttingbackintotheupwarditeventuallyconnectedwiththeancientColoradoandcaptureditswaters.Thenewriverthenbegantocarveoutthe277-mile-longtrenchthateventuallybecametheGrandCanyon.Geologistsestimatethatthisinitialcuttingactionbegannoearlierthan10millionyearsago. SincethentheCanyonforminghasbeencumulative.Tothecorrosiveforceoftheriveritselfhavebeenaddedotherfactors.Heatandcoldrainandsnowalongwiththevaryingresistanceoftherocksincreasetheopportunitiesforerosions.TheCanyonwallscrumbletheriveracquiresacuttingtool.Tonsofdebrisrainfallrunningoffthehighplateaucreatesfeederstreamsthatcarresidecanyons.Pushingslowlybackwardintotheplateauthesidecanyonsexposenewrocksandthepatternoferosioncontinues. Thepassagemainlydiscusses______.
Interview Theimportanceandfocusoftheinterviewintheworkoftheprintandbroadcastjournalistarereflectedinseveralbooksthathavebeenwrittenonthetopic.Mostofthesebooksaswellasseveralchaptersmainlyinbutnotlimitedtojournalismandbroadcastinghandbooksandreportingtextsstressthehowtoaspectsofjournalisticinterviewingratherthantheconceptualaspectsoftheinterviewitscontextandimplications.Muchofthehowtomaterialisbasedonpersonalexperiencesandgeneralimpressions.Asweknowinjournalismasinotherfieldsmuchcanbelearnedfromthesystematicstudyofprofessionalpractice.Suchstudybringstogetherevidencefromwhichbroadgeneralizedprinciplescanbedeveloped. Thereisashasbeensuggestedagrowingbodyofresearchliteratureinjournalismandbroadcastingbutverylittlesignificantattentionhasbeendevotedtothestudyoftheinterviewitself.Ontheotherhandmanygeneraltextsaswellasnumerousresearcharticlesoninterviewinginfieldsotherthanjournalismhavebeenwritten.Manyofthesebooksandarticlespresentthetheoreticalandempirical经验的aspectsoftheinterviewaswellasthetrainingoftheinterviewers.Unhappilythisplentifulgeneralliteratureaboutinterviewingpayslittleattentiontothejournalisticinterview.Thefactthatthegeneralliteratureoninterviewingdoesnotdealwiththejournalisticinterviewseemstobesurprisingfortworeasons.FirstitseemslikelythatmostpeopleinmodemWesternsocietiesaremorefamiliaratleastinapositivemannerwithjournalisticinterviewingthananyotherformofinterviewing.Mostofusareprobablysomewhatfamiliarwiththeclinicalinterviewsuchasthatconductedbyphysiciansandpsychologists.Inthesesituationstheprofessionalpersonorinterviewerisinterestedingettinginformationnecessaryforthediagnosisandtreatmentofthepersonseekinghelp.Anotherfamiliarsituationisthejobinterview.Howeververyfewofushaveactuallybeeninterviewedpersonallybythemassmediaparticularlybytelevision.Andyetwehaveavividacquaintancewiththejournalisticinterviewbyvirtueofourrolesasreaderslistenersandviewers.Evensotheunderstandingofthejournalisticinterviewespeciallytelevisioninterviewrequiresthoughtfulanalysesandevenstudyasthisbookindicates. Westernersarefamiliarwiththejournalisticinterviewbutmostofthemmaynothavebeeninterviewedinperson.
TheGrandCanyon StandingontherimoftheGrandCanyon大峡谷gazingacrossthisgiantwoundintheEarth’’ssurfaceavisitormightassumethatthecanyonhadbeencausedbysomeancientconvulsion震动.Infacttheeventsthatproducedthecanyonfarfrombeingsuddenandcatastrophicsimplyadduptotheslowandorderlyprocessoferosion. ManymillionsofyearsagotheColoradoPlateauintheGrandCanyonareacontained1000morefeetofrockthanitdoestodayandwasrelativelylevel.Theadditionalmaterialconsistedofsome14layeredformationsofrock.IntheGrandCanyonregiontheselayerswerelargelywornawayoverthecourseofmillionsofyears. Approximately65millionyearsagotheplateausflatsurfaceintheGrandCanyonareabulgedupwardfrominternalpressuregeologistsrefertothisbulgingactionsupwarding弯曲上升;itwasfollowedbyageneralelevationofthewholeColoradoPlateauaprocessthatisstillgoingon.Astheplateaugraduallyroseshallowriversthatwindedacrossitbegantorunmoreswiftlyandcutmoredefinitecourses.OneoftheseriverslocatedeastoftheupwardwastheancestoroftheColorado.AnotherriversystemcalledtheHualapaiflowingwestoftheupwardextendeditselfeastwardbycuttingbackintotheupwarditeventuallyconnectedwiththeancientColoradoandcaptureditswaters.Thenewriverthenbegantocarveoutthe277-mile-longtrenchthateventuallybecametheGrandCanyon.Geologistsestimatethatthisinitialcuttingactionbegannoearlierthan10millionyearsago. SincethentheCanyonforminghasbeencumulative.Tothecorrosiveforceoftheriveritselfhavebeenaddedotherfactors.Heatandcoldrainandsnowalongwiththevaryingresistanceoftherocksincreasetheopportunitiesforerosions.TheCanyonwallscrumbletheriveracquiresacuttingtool.Tonsofdebrisrainfallrunningoffthehighplateaucreatesfeederstreamsthatcarresidecanyons.Pushingslowlybackwardintotheplateauthesidecanyonsexposenewrocksandthepatternoferosioncontinues. AccordingtothepassagehowmanymileslongwasthetrenchthatbecameknownastheGrandCanyon?
OneGoodReasontoLetSmallpoxLive It’’snowafairbetthatwewillneverseethetotalextinctionofthesmallpoxvirus.Theideawastocapthegloriousachievementof1980whensmallpoxwaseradicatedinthewildbydestroyingthekillervirusinthelasttwolabsthataresupposedtohaveit—oneintheUSandoneinRussia.Ifsmallpoxhadtrulygonefromtheplanetwhatpointwasthereinkeepingthesereserves? 【51】realityofcourseitwasnaiveto【52】thateveryonewouldlet【53】ofsuchapotentpotentialweapon.Undoubtedlyseveralnationsstillhave【54】vials.【55】thelastofficialstocksoflivevirusbredmistrustoftheUSandRussia【56】noobviousgain. NowAmericanresearchershave【57】ananimalmodelofthehumandiseaseopeningthe【58】fortestsonnewtreatmentsandvaccines.Soonceagainthere’’sagoodreasonto【59】thevirus—justin【60】thediseaseputsinareappearance. Howdowe【61】withthemistrustoftheUSandRussia?【62】.Keepthevirus【63】internationalauspicesinawell-guardedUNlaboratorythat’’sopentoallcountries.TheUSwillobjectofcoursejustasitrejectsamultilateralapproachtojustabouteverything.Butitdoesn’’t【64】theideaiswrong.Ifthevirus【65】usefulthenlet’’smakeittheservantofallhumanity——notjustapartofit. smallpoxn.天花 vialn.小瓶 auspicesn.赞助支持 capvt.结束覆盖 potentadj.有效力的强有力的 mistrustn.不信任怀疑
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OneGoodReasontoLetSmallpoxLive It’’snowafairbetthatwewillneverseethetotalextinctionofthesmallpoxvirus.Theideawastocapthegloriousachievementof1980whensmallpoxwaseradicatedinthewildbydestroyingthekillervirusinthelasttwolabsthataresupposedtohaveit—oneintheUSandoneinRussia.Ifsmallpoxhadtrulygonefromtheplanetwhatpointwasthereinkeepingthesereserves? 【51】realityofcourseitwasnaiveto【52】thateveryonewouldlet【53】ofsuchapotentpotentialweapon.Undoubtedlyseveralnationsstillhave【54】vials.【55】thelastofficialstocksoflivevirusbredmistrustoftheUSandRussia【56】noobviousgain. NowAmericanresearchershave【57】ananimalmodelofthehumandiseaseopeningthe【58】fortestsonnewtreatmentsandvaccines.Soonceagainthere’’sagoodreasonto【59】thevirus—justin【60】thediseaseputsinareappearance. Howdowe【61】withthemistrustoftheUSandRussia?【62】.Keepthevirus【63】internationalauspicesinawell-guardedUNlaboratorythat’’sopentoallcountries.TheUSwillobjectofcoursejustasitrejectsamultilateralapproachtojustabouteverything.Butitdoesn’’t【64】theideaiswrong.Ifthevirus【65】usefulthenlet’’smakeittheservantofallhumanity——notjustapartofit. smallpoxn.天花 vialn.小瓶 auspicesn.赞助支持 capvt.结束覆盖 potentadj.有效力的强有力的 mistrustn.不信任怀疑
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OneGoodReasontoLetSmallpoxLive It’’snowafairbetthatwewillneverseethetotalextinctionofthesmallpoxvirus.Theideawastocapthegloriousachievementof1980whensmallpoxwaseradicatedinthewildbydestroyingthekillervirusinthelasttwolabsthataresupposedtohaveit—oneintheUSandoneinRussia.Ifsmallpoxhadtrulygonefromtheplanetwhatpointwasthereinkeepingthesereserves? 【51】realityofcourseitwasnaiveto【52】thateveryonewouldlet【53】ofsuchapotentpotentialweapon.Undoubtedlyseveralnationsstillhave【54】vials.【55】thelastofficialstocksoflivevirusbredmistrustoftheUSandRussia【56】noobviousgain. NowAmericanresearchershave【57】ananimalmodelofthehumandiseaseopeningthe【58】fortestsonnewtreatmentsandvaccines.Soonceagainthere’’sagoodreasonto【59】thevirus—justin【60】thediseaseputsinareappearance. Howdowe【61】withthemistrustoftheUSandRussia?【62】.Keepthevirus【63】internationalauspicesinawell-guardedUNlaboratorythat’’sopentoallcountries.TheUSwillobjectofcoursejustasitrejectsamultilateralapproachtojustabouteverything.Butitdoesn’’t【64】theideaiswrong.Ifthevirus【65】usefulthenlet’’smakeittheservantofallhumanity——notjustapartofit. smallpoxn.天花 vialn.小瓶 auspicesn.赞助支持 capvt.结束覆盖 potentadj.有效力的强有力的 mistrustn.不信任怀疑
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OneGoodReasontoLetSmallpoxLive It’’snowafairbetthatwewillneverseethetotalextinctionofthesmallpoxvirus.Theideawastocapthegloriousachievementof1980whensmallpoxwaseradicatedinthewildbydestroyingthekillervirusinthelasttwolabsthataresupposedtohaveit—oneintheUSandoneinRussia.Ifsmallpoxhadtrulygonefromtheplanetwhatpointwasthereinkeepingthesereserves? 【51】realityofcourseitwasnaiveto【52】thateveryonewouldlet【53】ofsuchapotentpotentialweapon.Undoubtedlyseveralnationsstillhave【54】vials.【55】thelastofficialstocksoflivevirusbredmistrustoftheUSandRussia【56】noobviousgain. NowAmericanresearchershave【57】ananimalmodelofthehumandiseaseopeningthe【58】fortestsonnewtreatmentsandvaccines.Soonceagainthere’’sagoodreasonto【59】thevirus—justin【60】thediseaseputsinareappearance. Howdowe【61】withthemistrustoftheUSandRussia?【62】.Keepthevirus【63】internationalauspicesinawell-guardedUNlaboratorythat’’sopentoallcountries.TheUSwillobjectofcoursejustasitrejectsamultilateralapproachtojustabouteverything.Butitdoesn’’t【64】theideaiswrong.Ifthevirus【65】usefulthenlet’’smakeittheservantofallhumanity——notjustapartofit. smallpoxn.天花 vialn.小瓶 auspicesn.赞助支持 capvt.结束覆盖 potentadj.有效力的强有力的 mistrustn.不信任怀疑
StressLevelTiedtoEducationLevel PeoplewithlesseducationsufferfewerstressfuldaysaccordingtoareportinthecurrentissueoftheJournalofHealthandSocialBehavior. Howeverthestudyalsofoundthatwhenless-educatedpeopledidsufferstressitwasmoresevereandhadalargerimpactontheirhealth. Fromthisresearchershaveconcludedthattheday-to-dayfactorsthatcausestressarenotrandom.Whereyouareinsocietydeterminesthekindsofproblemsthatyouhaveeachdayandhowwellyouwillcopewiththem. Theresearchteaminterviewedanationalsampleof1031adultsdailyforeightdaysabouttheirstresslevelandhealth.Peoplewithoutahighschooldiplomareportedstresson30percentofthestudydayspeoplewithahighschooldegreereportedstress38percentofthetimeandpeoplewithcollegedegreesreportedstress44percentofthetime. Lessadvantagedpeoplearelesshealthyonadailybasisandaremorelikelytohavedownwardturnsintheirhealth.leadresearcherDr.JosephGrzywaczofWakeForestUniversityBaptistMedicalCentersaidinapreparedstatement.Thedownwardturnsinhealthwereconnectedwithdailystressorsandtheeffectofdailystressorsontheirhealthismuchmoredevastatingforthelessadvantaged. Grzywaczsuggestedfollow-upresearchtodeterminewhyless-educatedpeoplereportfewerdaysofstresswhenitisknowntheirstressismoreacuteandchronic. Ifsomethinghappenseverydaymaybeit’’snotseenasastressorGrzywaczsays.Maybeitisjustlife. stressfuladj.紧张的压力重的 diploman.毕业文凭毕业证书 stressorn.紧张刺激物 devastatingadj.毁灭性的 follow-upn.对病人的随访 Thelessadvantagedpeoplearethegreater______.
Interview Theimportanceandfocusoftheinterviewintheworkoftheprintandbroadcastjournalistarereflectedinseveralbooksthathavebeenwrittenonthetopic.Mostofthesebooksaswellasseveralchaptersmainlyinbutnotlimitedtojournalismandbroadcastinghandbooksandreportingtextsstressthehowtoaspectsofjournalisticinterviewingratherthantheconceptualaspectsoftheinterviewitscontextandimplications.Muchofthehowtomaterialisbasedonpersonalexperiencesandgeneralimpressions.Asweknowinjournalismasinotherfieldsmuchcanbelearnedfromthesystematicstudyofprofessionalpractice.Suchstudybringstogetherevidencefromwhichbroadgeneralizedprinciplescanbedeveloped. Thereisashasbeensuggestedagrowingbodyofresearchliteratureinjournalismandbroadcastingbutverylittlesignificantattentionhasbeendevotedtothestudyoftheinterviewitself.Ontheotherhandmanygeneraltextsaswellasnumerousresearcharticlesoninterviewinginfieldsotherthanjournalismhavebeenwritten.Manyofthesebooksandarticlespresentthetheoreticalandempirical经验的aspectsoftheinterviewaswellasthetrainingoftheinterviewers.Unhappilythisplentifulgeneralliteratureaboutinterviewingpayslittleattentiontothejournalisticinterview.Thefactthatthegeneralliteratureoninterviewingdoesnotdealwiththejournalisticinterviewseemstobesurprisingfortworeasons.FirstitseemslikelythatmostpeopleinmodemWesternsocietiesaremorefamiliaratleastinapositivemannerwithjournalisticinterviewingthananyotherformofinterviewing.Mostofusareprobablysomewhatfamiliarwiththeclinicalinterviewsuchasthatconductedbyphysiciansandpsychologists.Inthesesituationstheprofessionalpersonorinterviewerisinterestedingettinginformationnecessaryforthediagnosisandtreatmentofthepersonseekinghelp.Anotherfamiliarsituationisthejobinterview.Howeververyfewofushaveactuallybeeninterviewedpersonallybythemassmediaparticularlybytelevision.Andyetwehaveavividacquaintancewiththejournalisticinterviewbyvirtueofourrolesasreaderslistenersandviewers.Evensotheunderstandingofthejournalisticinterviewespeciallytelevisioninterviewrequiresthoughtfulanalysesandevenstudyasthisbookindicates. Thepassageismostlikeapartofajournalisticinterview.
Euthanasia:aHeatedlyDebatedTopic Wemustn’’tdelayanylonger...?swallowing吞咽isdifficult...andbreathingthat’’salsodifficult.Thosemusclesareweakeningtoo...wemustn’’tdelayanylonger. ThesewerethewordsofDutchman荷兰人CeesvanwendeldeJoodeaskinghisdoctortohelphimdie.AffectedwithaseriousdiseasevanVendelwasnolongerabletospeakclearlyandheknewtherewasnohopeofrecoveryandthathisconditionwasrapidlydeteriorating. VanVenderslastthreemonthsoflifebeforebeinggivenafinallethalinjectionbyhisdoctorwerefilmedandfirstshownontelevisionlastyearintheNetherlands.Theprogrammehassincebeenboughtby20countriesandeachtimeitisshownitstartsanationwidedebateonthesubject. TheNetherlandsistheonlycountryinEuropewhichpermitseuthanasia安乐死althoughitisnottechnicallylegalthere.HoweverdoctorswhocarryouteuthanasiaunderstrictguidelinesintroducedbytheDutchParliament议会twoyearsagoareusuallynotprosecuted.Theguidelinesdemandthatthepatientisexperiencingextremesufferingthatthereisnochanceofacureandthatthepatienthasmaderepeatedrequestsforeuthanasia.Inadditiontothisaseconddoctormustconfirm证实thatthesecriteriahavebeenmetandthedeathmustbereportedtothepolicedepartment. Shoulddoctorsbeallowedtotaketheliveofothers?Dr.WilfredVanOijenCeesvanVendel’’sdoctorexplainshowhelooksatthequestion: Wellit’’snotasifIinplanningtomurderacrowdofpeoplewithamachinegun.InthatcasekillingistheworstthingIcanimagine.Butthat’’sentirelydifferentfrommyworkasadoctor.IcareforpeopleandItrytoensurethattheydon’tsuffertoomuch.That’’sverydifferentthing. Manypeoplethougharetotallyagainstthepracticeofeuthanasia.Dr.AndrewFergusonChairmanoftheorganizationHealthcareopposedtoEuthanasiasaysthatinthevastmajorityofeuthanasiacaseswhatthepatientisactuallyaskingforissomethingelse.Theymaywantahealthprofessionaltoopenupcommunicationforthemwiththeirlovedonesorfamily—there’’snearlyalwaysanotherquestionbehindthequestion. Britainalsohasastrongtraditionofhospices—specialhospitalswhichcareonlyforthedyingandtheirspecialneeds.CicelySaundersPresidentoftheNationalHospiceCouncilandafoundermemberofthehospicemovementarguesthateuthanasiadoesn’’ttakeintoaccountthattherearewaysofcaringforthedying.Sheisalsoconcernedthatallowingeuthanasiawouldunderminetheneedforcareandconsiderationofawiderangeofpeople;It’’sveryeasyinsocietynowfortheelderlythedisabled伤残的andthedependenttofeelthattheyareburdensandthereforethattheyoughttoopt脱离out.Ithinkthatanythingthatlegallyallowstheshorteningoflifedoesmakethosepeoplemorevulnerable脆弱的. Manyfindthisprohibitionofanindividual’’srighttothepaternalistic家长式的.Althoughtheyagreethatlifeisimportantandshouldberespectedtheyfeelthatthequalityoflifeshouldnotbeignored.Dr.VanOijenbelievesthatpeoplehavethefundamentalrighttochooseforthemselvesiftheywanttodie:Whatthosepeoplewhoopposeeuthanasiaaretellingmeisthatdyingpeoplehaven’ttheright.Andthatwhenpeopleareveryillweareallafraidoftheirdeath.Buttherearesituationswheredeathisafriend.Andinthosecaseswhynot? Butwhynot?isaquestionwhichmightcausestrongemotion.ThefilmshowingCeesVanVendel’’sdeathwasbothmovingandsensitive.Hisdoctorwasclearlyafamilyfriend;hiswifehadonlyherhusband’’sinterestsatheart.Somehoweverwouldarguethatitwouldbedangeroustousethisparticularexampletosupportthecaseforeuthanasia.Notallpatientswouldreceivesuchahighlevelofindividualcareandattention. AccordingtotheguidelinesintroducedbytheDutchParliamentwhen______enthanasiacanbecarriedout.
OneGoodReasontoLetSmallpoxLive It’’snowafairbetthatwewillneverseethetotalextinctionofthesmallpoxvirus.Theideawastocapthegloriousachievementof1980whensmallpoxwaseradicatedinthewildbydestroyingthekillervirusinthelasttwolabsthataresupposedtohaveit—oneintheUSandoneinRussia.Ifsmallpoxhadtrulygonefromtheplanetwhatpointwasthereinkeepingthesereserves? 【51】realityofcourseitwasnaiveto【52】thateveryonewouldlet【53】ofsuchapotentpotentialweapon.Undoubtedlyseveralnationsstillhave【54】vials.【55】thelastofficialstocksoflivevirusbredmistrustoftheUSandRussia【56】noobviousgain. NowAmericanresearchershave【57】ananimalmodelofthehumandiseaseopeningthe【58】fortestsonnewtreatmentsandvaccines.Soonceagainthere’’sagoodreasonto【59】thevirus—justin【60】thediseaseputsinareappearance. Howdowe【61】withthemistrustoftheUSandRussia?【62】.Keepthevirus【63】internationalauspicesinawell-guardedUNlaboratorythat’’sopentoallcountries.TheUSwillobjectofcoursejustasitrejectsamultilateralapproachtojustabouteverything.Butitdoesn’’t【64】theideaiswrong.Ifthevirus【65】usefulthenlet’’smakeittheservantofallhumanity——notjustapartofit. smallpoxn.天花 vialn.小瓶 auspicesn.赞助支持 capvt.结束覆盖 potentadj.有效力的强有力的 mistrustn.不信任怀疑
Euthanasia:aHeatedlyDebatedTopic Wemustn’’tdelayanylonger...?swallowing吞咽isdifficult...andbreathingthat’’salsodifficult.Thosemusclesareweakeningtoo...wemustn’’tdelayanylonger. ThesewerethewordsofDutchman荷兰人CeesvanwendeldeJoodeaskinghisdoctortohelphimdie.AffectedwithaseriousdiseasevanVendelwasnolongerabletospeakclearlyandheknewtherewasnohopeofrecoveryandthathisconditionwasrapidlydeteriorating. VanVenderslastthreemonthsoflifebeforebeinggivenafinallethalinjectionbyhisdoctorwerefilmedandfirstshownontelevisionlastyearintheNetherlands.Theprogrammehassincebeenboughtby20countriesandeachtimeitisshownitstartsanationwidedebateonthesubject. TheNetherlandsistheonlycountryinEuropewhichpermitseuthanasia安乐死althoughitisnottechnicallylegalthere.HoweverdoctorswhocarryouteuthanasiaunderstrictguidelinesintroducedbytheDutchParliament议会twoyearsagoareusuallynotprosecuted.Theguidelinesdemandthatthepatientisexperiencingextremesufferingthatthereisnochanceofacureandthatthepatienthasmaderepeatedrequestsforeuthanasia.Inadditiontothisaseconddoctormustconfirm证实thatthesecriteriahavebeenmetandthedeathmustbereportedtothepolicedepartment. Shoulddoctorsbeallowedtotaketheliveofothers?Dr.WilfredVanOijenCeesvanVendel’’sdoctorexplainshowhelooksatthequestion: Wellit’’snotasifIinplanningtomurderacrowdofpeoplewithamachinegun.InthatcasekillingistheworstthingIcanimagine.Butthat’’sentirelydifferentfrommyworkasadoctor.IcareforpeopleandItrytoensurethattheydon’tsuffertoomuch.That’’sverydifferentthing. Manypeoplethougharetotallyagainstthepracticeofeuthanasia.Dr.AndrewFergusonChairmanoftheorganizationHealthcareopposedtoEuthanasiasaysthatinthevastmajorityofeuthanasiacaseswhatthepatientisactuallyaskingforissomethingelse.Theymaywantahealthprofessionaltoopenupcommunicationforthemwiththeirlovedonesorfamily—there’’snearlyalwaysanotherquestionbehindthequestion. Britainalsohasastrongtraditionofhospices—specialhospitalswhichcareonlyforthedyingandtheirspecialneeds.CicelySaundersPresidentoftheNationalHospiceCouncilandafoundermemberofthehospicemovementarguesthateuthanasiadoesn’’ttakeintoaccountthattherearewaysofcaringforthedying.Sheisalsoconcernedthatallowingeuthanasiawouldunderminetheneedforcareandconsiderationofawiderangeofpeople;It’’sveryeasyinsocietynowfortheelderlythedisabled伤残的andthedependenttofeelthattheyareburdensandthereforethattheyoughttoopt脱离out.Ithinkthatanythingthatlegallyallowstheshorteningoflifedoesmakethosepeoplemorevulnerable脆弱的. Manyfindthisprohibitionofanindividual’’srighttothepaternalistic家长式的.Althoughtheyagreethatlifeisimportantandshouldberespectedtheyfeelthatthequalityoflifeshouldnotbeignored.Dr.VanOijenbelievesthatpeoplehavethefundamentalrighttochooseforthemselvesiftheywanttodie:Whatthosepeoplewhoopposeeuthanasiaaretellingmeisthatdyingpeoplehaven’ttheright.Andthatwhenpeopleareveryillweareallafraidoftheirdeath.Buttherearesituationswheredeathisafriend.Andinthosecaseswhynot? Butwhynot?isaquestionwhichmightcausestrongemotion.ThefilmshowingCeesVanVendel’’sdeathwasbothmovingandsensitive.Hisdoctorwasclearlyafamilyfriend;hiswifehadonlyherhusband’’sinterestsatheart.Somehoweverwouldarguethatitwouldbedangeroustousethisparticularexampletosupportthecaseforeuthanasia.Notallpatientswouldreceivesuchahighlevelofindividualcareandattention. Theargumentsagainstthepracticeofeuthanasiaincludeallthefollowingexcept______.
OneGoodReasontoLetSmallpoxLive It’’snowafairbetthatwewillneverseethetotalextinctionofthesmallpoxvirus.Theideawastocapthegloriousachievementof1980whensmallpoxwaseradicatedinthewildbydestroyingthekillervirusinthelasttwolabsthataresupposedtohaveit—oneintheUSandoneinRussia.Ifsmallpoxhadtrulygonefromtheplanetwhatpointwasthereinkeepingthesereserves? 【51】realityofcourseitwasnaiveto【52】thateveryonewouldlet【53】ofsuchapotentpotentialweapon.Undoubtedlyseveralnationsstillhave【54】vials.【55】thelastofficialstocksoflivevirusbredmistrustoftheUSandRussia【56】noobviousgain. NowAmericanresearchershave【57】ananimalmodelofthehumandiseaseopeningthe【58】fortestsonnewtreatmentsandvaccines.Soonceagainthere’’sagoodreasonto【59】thevirus—justin【60】thediseaseputsinareappearance. Howdowe【61】withthemistrustoftheUSandRussia?【62】.Keepthevirus【63】internationalauspicesinawell-guardedUNlaboratorythat’’sopentoallcountries.TheUSwillobjectofcoursejustasitrejectsamultilateralapproachtojustabouteverything.Butitdoesn’’t【64】theideaiswrong.Ifthevirus【65】usefulthenlet’’smakeittheservantofallhumanity——notjustapartofit. smallpoxn.天花 vialn.小瓶 auspicesn.赞助支持 capvt.结束覆盖 potentadj.有效力的强有力的 mistrustn.不信任怀疑
Thedoctorshaveabandonedthehopetorescuetheoldman.
Ashipwasreportedtobein{{U}}distress{{/U}}afewmilesoutatsea.
OneGoodReasontoLetSmallpoxLive It’’snowafairbetthatwewillneverseethetotalextinctionofthesmallpoxvirus.Theideawastocapthegloriousachievementof1980whensmallpoxwaseradicatedinthewildbydestroyingthekillervirusinthelasttwolabsthataresupposedtohaveit—oneintheUSandoneinRussia.Ifsmallpoxhadtrulygonefromtheplanetwhatpointwasthereinkeepingthesereserves? 【51】realityofcourseitwasnaiveto【52】thateveryonewouldlet【53】ofsuchapotentpotentialweapon.Undoubtedlyseveralnationsstillhave【54】vials.【55】thelastofficialstocksoflivevirusbredmistrustoftheUSandRussia【56】noobviousgain. NowAmericanresearchershave【57】ananimalmodelofthehumandiseaseopeningthe【58】fortestsonnewtreatmentsandvaccines.Soonceagainthere’’sagoodreasonto【59】thevirus—justin【60】thediseaseputsinareappearance. Howdowe【61】withthemistrustoftheUSandRussia?【62】.Keepthevirus【63】internationalauspicesinawell-guardedUNlaboratorythat’’sopentoallcountries.TheUSwillobjectofcoursejustasitrejectsamultilateralapproachtojustabouteverything.Butitdoesn’’t【64】theideaiswrong.Ifthevirus【65】usefulthenlet’’smakeittheservantofallhumanity——notjustapartofit. smallpoxn.天花 vialn.小瓶 auspicesn.赞助支持 capvt.结束覆盖 potentadj.有效力的强有力的 mistrustn.不信任怀疑
Interview Theimportanceandfocusoftheinterviewintheworkoftheprintandbroadcastjournalistarereflectedinseveralbooksthathavebeenwrittenonthetopic.Mostofthesebooksaswellasseveralchaptersmainlyinbutnotlimitedtojournalismandbroadcastinghandbooksandreportingtextsstressthehowtoaspectsofjournalisticinterviewingratherthantheconceptualaspectsoftheinterviewitscontextandimplications.Muchofthehowtomaterialisbasedonpersonalexperiencesandgeneralimpressions.Asweknowinjournalismasinotherfieldsmuchcanbelearnedfromthesystematicstudyofprofessionalpractice.Suchstudybringstogetherevidencefromwhichbroadgeneralizedprinciplescanbedeveloped. Thereisashasbeensuggestedagrowingbodyofresearchliteratureinjournalismandbroadcastingbutverylittlesignificantattentionhasbeendevotedtothestudyoftheinterviewitself.Ontheotherhandmanygeneraltextsaswellasnumerousresearcharticlesoninterviewinginfieldsotherthanjournalismhavebeenwritten.Manyofthesebooksandarticlespresentthetheoreticalandempirical经验的aspectsoftheinterviewaswellasthetrainingoftheinterviewers.Unhappilythisplentifulgeneralliteratureaboutinterviewingpayslittleattentiontothejournalisticinterview.Thefactthatthegeneralliteratureoninterviewingdoesnotdealwiththejournalisticinterviewseemstobesurprisingfortworeasons.FirstitseemslikelythatmostpeopleinmodemWesternsocietiesaremorefamiliaratleastinapositivemannerwithjournalisticinterviewingthananyotherformofinterviewing.Mostofusareprobablysomewhatfamiliarwiththeclinicalinterviewsuchasthatconductedbyphysiciansandpsychologists.Inthesesituationstheprofessionalpersonorinterviewerisinterestedingettinginformationnecessaryforthediagnosisandtreatmentofthepersonseekinghelp.Anotherfamiliarsituationisthejobinterview.Howeververyfewofushaveactuallybeeninterviewedpersonallybythemassmediaparticularlybytelevision.Andyetwehaveavividacquaintancewiththejournalisticinterviewbyvirtueofourrolesasreaderslistenersandviewers.Evensotheunderstandingofthejournalisticinterviewespeciallytelevisioninterviewrequiresthoughtfulanalysesandevenstudyasthisbookindicates. Thetelevisioninterviewsdoesn’trequirethoughtfulanalyses.
OneGoodReasontoLetSmallpoxLive It’’snowafairbetthatwewillneverseethetotalextinctionofthesmallpoxvirus.Theideawastocapthegloriousachievementof1980whensmallpoxwaseradicatedinthewildbydestroyingthekillervirusinthelasttwolabsthataresupposedtohaveit—oneintheUSandoneinRussia.Ifsmallpoxhadtrulygonefromtheplanetwhatpointwasthereinkeepingthesereserves? 【51】realityofcourseitwasnaiveto【52】thateveryonewouldlet【53】ofsuchapotentpotentialweapon.Undoubtedlyseveralnationsstillhave【54】vials.【55】thelastofficialstocksoflivevirusbredmistrustoftheUSandRussia【56】noobviousgain. NowAmericanresearchershave【57】ananimalmodelofthehumandiseaseopeningthe【58】fortestsonnewtreatmentsandvaccines.Soonceagainthere’’sagoodreasonto【59】thevirus—justin【60】thediseaseputsinareappearance. Howdowe【61】withthemistrustoftheUSandRussia?【62】.Keepthevirus【63】internationalauspicesinawell-guardedUNlaboratorythat’’sopentoallcountries.TheUSwillobjectofcoursejustasitrejectsamultilateralapproachtojustabouteverything.Butitdoesn’’t【64】theideaiswrong.Ifthevirus【65】usefulthenlet’’smakeittheservantofallhumanity——notjustapartofit. smallpoxn.天花 vialn.小瓶 auspicesn.赞助支持 capvt.结束覆盖 potentadj.有效力的强有力的 mistrustn.不信任怀疑
Interview Theimportanceandfocusoftheinterviewintheworkoftheprintandbroadcastjournalistarereflectedinseveralbooksthathavebeenwrittenonthetopic.Mostofthesebooksaswellasseveralchaptersmainlyinbutnotlimitedtojournalismandbroadcastinghandbooksandreportingtextsstressthehowtoaspectsofjournalisticinterviewingratherthantheconceptualaspectsoftheinterviewitscontextandimplications.Muchofthehowtomaterialisbasedonpersonalexperiencesandgeneralimpressions.Asweknowinjournalismasinotherfieldsmuchcanbelearnedfromthesystematicstudyofprofessionalpractice.Suchstudybringstogetherevidencefromwhichbroadgeneralizedprinciplescanbedeveloped. Thereisashasbeensuggestedagrowingbodyofresearchliteratureinjournalismandbroadcastingbutverylittlesignificantattentionhasbeendevotedtothestudyoftheinterviewitself.Ontheotherhandmanygeneraltextsaswellasnumerousresearcharticlesoninterviewinginfieldsotherthanjournalismhavebeenwritten.Manyofthesebooksandarticlespresentthetheoreticalandempirical经验的aspectsoftheinterviewaswellasthetrainingoftheinterviewers.Unhappilythisplentifulgeneralliteratureaboutinterviewingpayslittleattentiontothejournalisticinterview.Thefactthatthegeneralliteratureoninterviewingdoesnotdealwiththejournalisticinterviewseemstobesurprisingfortworeasons.FirstitseemslikelythatmostpeopleinmodemWesternsocietiesaremorefamiliaratleastinapositivemannerwithjournalisticinterviewingthananyotherformofinterviewing.Mostofusareprobablysomewhatfamiliarwiththeclinicalinterviewsuchasthatconductedbyphysiciansandpsychologists.Inthesesituationstheprofessionalpersonorinterviewerisinterestedingettinginformationnecessaryforthediagnosisandtreatmentofthepersonseekinghelp.Anotherfamiliarsituationisthejobinterview.Howeververyfewofushaveactuallybeeninterviewedpersonallybythemassmediaparticularlybytelevision.Andyetwehaveavividacquaintancewiththejournalisticinterviewbyvirtueofourrolesasreaderslistenersandviewers.Evensotheunderstandingofthejournalisticinterviewespeciallytelevisioninterviewrequiresthoughtfulanalysesandevenstudyasthisbookindicates. Themainideaofthefirstparagraphisthatimportanceshouldbeattachedtothesystematicstudyofjournalisticinterviewing.
Thoughfriendsformanyyearsthetwolawyersendedupasenemies.
StressLevelTiedtoEducationLevel PeoplewithlesseducationsufferfewerstressfuldaysaccordingtoareportinthecurrentissueoftheJournalofHealthandSocialBehavior. Howeverthestudyalsofoundthatwhenless-educatedpeopledidsufferstressitwasmoresevereandhadalargerimpactontheirhealth. Fromthisresearchershaveconcludedthattheday-to-dayfactorsthatcausestressarenotrandom.Whereyouareinsocietydeterminesthekindsofproblemsthatyouhaveeachdayandhowwellyouwillcopewiththem. Theresearchteaminterviewedanationalsampleof1031adultsdailyforeightdaysabouttheirstresslevelandhealth.Peoplewithoutahighschooldiplomareportedstresson30percentofthestudydayspeoplewithahighschooldegreereportedstress38percentofthetimeandpeoplewithcollegedegreesreportedstress44percentofthetime. Lessadvantagedpeoplearelesshealthyonadailybasisandaremorelikelytohavedownwardturnsintheirhealth.leadresearcherDr.JosephGrzywaczofWakeForestUniversityBaptistMedicalCentersaidinapreparedstatement.Thedownwardturnsinhealthwereconnectedwithdailystressorsandtheeffectofdailystressorsontheirhealthismuchmoredevastatingforthelessadvantaged. Grzywaczsuggestedfollow-upresearchtodeterminewhyless-educatedpeoplereportfewerdaysofstresswhenitisknowntheirstressismoreacuteandchronic. Ifsomethinghappenseverydaymaybeit’’snotseenasastressorGrzywaczsays.Maybeitisjustlife. stressfuladj.紧张的压力重的 diploman.毕业文凭毕业证书 stressorn.紧张刺激物 devastatingadj.毁灭性的 follow-upn.对病人的随访 The1031adultswereinterviewed______.
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