首页
试卷库
试题库
当前位置：
X题卡
>
所有题目
>
题目详情
阅读下面的短文，文章中有5处空白，文章后有6组文字，请根据文章的内容选择5组文字，将其分别放回文章原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。 ? ?{{U}} ?(46) ?{{/U}}Picturephone s...
查看本题答案
包含此试题的试卷
理工类《填空集》真题及答案
点击查看
你可能感兴趣的试题
阅读下面的短文文章中有5处空白文章后有6组文字请根据文章的内容选择5组文字将其分别放回文章原有位置以
? ?阅读下面的短文文章中有5处空白文章后面有6组文字请根据文章的内容选择5组文字将其分别放回文章
阅读下面的短文文章中有5处空白文章后有6组文字请根据文章的内容选择5组文字将其分别放回文章原有位置以
? ?阅读下面的短文文章中有5处空白文章后面有6组文字请根据文章的内容选择5组文字将其分别放回文章
阅读下面的短文文章中有5处空白文章后面有6组文字请根据文章的内容选择5组文字将其分别放回文章原有位置
阅读下面的短文文章中有5处空白文章后有6组文字请根据文章的内容选择5组文字将其分别放回文章原有位置以
阅读下面的短文文章中有5处空白文章后有6组文字请根据文章的内容选择5组文字将其分别放回文章原有位置以
? ?阅读下面的短文文章中有5处空白文章后有6组文字请根据文章的内容选择5组文字将其分别放回文章原
? ?阅读下面的短文文章中有5处空白文章后面有6组文字请根据文章的内容选择5组文字将其分别放回文章
阅读下面的短文文章中有5处空白文章后面有6组文字请根据文章的内容选择5组文字将其分别放回文章原有位置
? ?阅读下面的短文文章中有5处空白文章后面有6组文字请根据文章的内容选择5组文字将其分别放回文章
? ?阅读下面的短文文章中有5处空白文章后有6组文字请根据文章的内容选择5组文字将其分别放回文章原
阅读下面的短文文章中有5处空白文章后面有6组文字请根据文章的内容选择5组文字将其分别放回文章原有位置
? ?阅读下面的短文文章中有5处空白文章后有6组文字请根据文章的内容选择5组文字将其分别放回文章原
? ?阅读下面的短文文章中有5处空白文章后有6组文字请根据文章的内容选择5组文字将其分别放回文章原
热门试题
更多
{{*HTML*}}{{B}}第三篇{{/B}} ??????? ?{{B}}MaleandFemalePilotsCauseAccidentsDifferently{{/B}}? ?MalepilotsflyinggeneralaviationprivateaircraftintheUnited Statesaremorelikelytocrashduetoinattentionorflaweddecision-making. Whilefemalepilotsaremorelikelytocrashfrommishandlingtheaircraft. ThesearetheresultsofastudybyresearchersattheJohnsHopkinsUniversity BloombergSchoolofPublicHealth.??Thestudyidentifiesthe differencesbetweenmaleandfemalepilotsintermsofcircumstancesofthe crashandthetypeofpilotserrorinvolved.Crashesofgeneralaviation aircraftaccountfor85percentofallaviationdeathsintheUnitedStates.The crashrateformalepilotsasformotorvehicledriversexceedsthatof crashesoffemalepilotsexplainsSusanP.BakerMPHprofessorofhealth policyandmanagementattheBloombergSchoolofPublicHealth.Becausepilot youthandinexperienceareestablishedcontributorstoaviationcrasheswe focusedononlymaturepilotstodeterminethegenderdifferencesinthe reasonsforthecrash.??Theresearchersextracteddataforthis studyfromalargeresearchprojectonpilotagingandflightsafety.Thedata weregatheredfromgeneralaviationcrashesofairplanesandheIicoptersbetween 1983and1997involving144femalepilotsand267malepilotsaged40-63. Femalepilotswerematchedwithmalepilotsina1:2ratiobyageclassesof medicalandpilotcertificatesstateorareaofcrashandyearofcrash.Then thecircumstancesofthecrashesandthepiloterrorinvolvedwerecategorized andcodedwithoutknowledgeofpilotgender.??Theresearchers foundthatlossofcontrolonlandingortakeoffwasthemostcommon circumstanceforbothsexesleadingto59percentoffemalepi.lots’crashes and36percentofmales’.Experiencingmechanicalfailurerunningoutoffuel andland!ngtheplanewiththelandinggearupwereamongthefactorsmore likelywithmaleswhilestallingwasmorelikelywithfemales.? ?Themajorityofthecrashes—95percentforfemalesand88percentfor males—involvedatleastonetypeofpiloterror.Mishandlingaircraftkinetics wasthemostcommonerrorforbothsexesbutwasmorecommonamongfemales accountingfor81percentofthecrashesthanmalesaccountingfor48 percent.Maleshoweverappearedmorelikelytobeguiltyofpoor decision-makingrisk-takingandinattentivenessexamplesofwhichinclude misjudgingweatherandvisibilityorflyinganaircraftwithaknowndefect. Femalesthoughmorelikelytomishandleorlosecontroloftheaircraftwere generallymorecarefulthantheirmalecounterparts.?? inattentionn.疏忽??aviationn.航空??flawedadj. 有缺陷的??mishandlev.瞎弄乱处理??MPHMasterofPublic Health公共卫生硕士??mnoutv.耗尽用完??stalllv.飞机失速 发动机熄火??kineticsn.动力学WhatisthereseamhatJohnsHopkinsUniversityabout?
BathingIntheSea BathingintheseainEnglandahundredyearsagowasnotquitethelight-heartedamusementthatitistoday.Therearenorunningdownfromthehoteltothebeachinabathrobe长袍nosunbathingorlyingaboutonthesandsinbathing-dressesafterthedip.Everythinghadtobedoneinanorderlyandextremelypolitemanner.Mixedbathingwasnotallowedanywhere.Menandwomeneachhadtheirseparatepartofthebeachandtheywerenotsupposedtomeetinthewater. Bathingclotheswerealsocloselycontrolled.Menusuallyworesimplebathingdrawersandnomorebutwomenwereobligedtowearthickcumbersomewoolengarmentsthatcoveredthemcompletelyfromheadtofoot.Thesesatisfiedthedemandsofmodestybuttheymusthavebeenextremelyuncomfortableforswimming. Eventhusdecentlycoveredwomenwerenotsupposedtoshowthemselvesonthebeachwhileinbathingattire浴衣.Theyhadtowaittheirturnforabathingmachineasortofwoodencabinonwheelswhichwasdrawnrightdowntothewatersedgebyhorses.Onitsseawardsideasortofhoodorcanopy罩盖stretchedoutwardsanddownwardsoverthewatercompletelyhidingthebatheruntilshewasactuallyintheseaTherewasabathingwomaninattendancepartofwhosedutywastodipinotherwordstoseizethebatherassoonassheemergedanddipherforciblyunderwatertwoorthreetimes.Thiswassupposedtobeforthebenefitofherhealthandnodoubtitwasallrightinthehandsofthegentle.Butmostbathingwomenwerethereverseofgentleandtobedippedbythemmusthavebeenastrenuousformofexercise. Asuitabletitleforthispassagewouldbe______.
EdwinHubble EdwinHubblechangedourideasabouttheuniverseandhowitdeveloped.Theworkoffewotherscientistschangedourunderstandingof【51】suddenly.Hemadehismostimportantdiscoveriesinthe1920s.Todayotherscientistscontinuetheworkhebeganbackthen.EdwinPowellHubblewasbornin1889inMarshfieldMissouri.He【52】hisearlyyearsinthestateofKentucky.ThenhemovedwithhisfamilytoChicagoIllinois.HeattendedtheUniversityofChicagotakingmathematicsandastronomy【53】hisspecialty. AsastudentHubblewasalsoamemberoftheUniversity’’sbasketballteamandanexcellentboxer.Severalpeopleurgedhim【54】fortheworldheavyweightboxingchampionshipaftercollege.Insteadhedecidedtocontinuehis【55】. InhisfirstobservationsfromMountWilsonCaliforniaHubbleusedatelescopewithone-hundredfifty-twoandbegan【56】moreandmoredistantobjects.Hisfirstgreatdiscoverywasmade【57】herecognizedaCepheidvariablestar.Cepheidvariablestarsarestarswhosebrightnesschangesatregularperiods. Hubblethenbegantoobservemoredetailsaboutgalaxies.Hestudiedtheirshapesandbrightness.By1925hehadmadeenoughobservationstosaythattheuniverseisorganizedintomanyshapesandsizes. Asstarsdifferfromoneanotherhesaid【58】galaxies.Accordingtohisobservationsthegalaxieshaveacenterandarmsofmatterthatseemtothecenterlikeapinwheel.Otherareshaped【59】baseballsoreggs.Afewhavenospecial【60】Hubbleproposedasystemtodescribegalaxiesbytheirshape.Hissystemisstillusedtoday.Healsoshowedthat【61】aresimilarinthekindsofbrightobjectstheycontain.Allgalaxies【62】arerelatedtoeachothermuchasmembersofafamilyarerelatedtoeachother. Inthelate1920sHubblestudiedthemovementofgalaxiesthroughspace.Hisinvestigationledtothemostimportant【63】discoveryofthe20thcentury—theexpandinguniverse. Hubbiesdiscovery【64】amajorchangeinourideasoftheuniverse.Theuniversehadnotbeenquietandunchangingsincethebeginningoftimeasmanypeoplehadthought.Itwasexpanding.Theexpandingoftenis【65】theBigBang.
Biotechnology Biotechnologyinoneformoranotherhasflourishedsinceprehistorictimes.Whenthefirsthumanbeingsrealizedthattheycouldplanttheirowncropsandbreedtheirownanimalstheylearnedtousebiotechnology.Thediscoverythatfruitjuicesfermented发酵inwineorthatmilkcouldbeconvertedintocheeseoryogurt酸乳酶orthatbeercouldbemadebyfermentingsolutionsofmalt麦芽andhops啤酒花beganthestudyofbiotechnology.Whenthefirstbakersfoundthattheycouldmakeasoftspongy多乳的breadratherthanafirmthincrackertheywe’’reactingasfledgling缺乏经验的biotechnologists.Thefirstanimalbreedersrealizingthatdifferentphysicaltraitscouldbeeithermagnifiedorlostbymatingappropriatepairsofanimalsengagedinthemanipulationsofbiotechnology. Whatthenisbiotechnology?Thetermbringstominddifferentthings.Somethinkofdevelopingnewtypesofanimals.Othersdreamofalmostunlimitedsourcesofhumantherapeutic治疗的drugs.Stillothersenvision想象thepossibilityofgrowingcropsthataremorenutritious有养分的andnaturallypest-resistant有抵抗力的tofeedarapidlygrowingworldpopulation.Thisquestionelicits引发almostasmanyfirst-thoughtresponsesastherearepeopletowhomthequestioncanbeposed.Initspurestformthetermbiotechnologyreferstotheuseoflivingorganismsortheirproductstomodifyhumanhealthandthehumanenvironment.Prehistoricbiotechnologistsdidthisastheyusedyeastcellstoraisebreaddough生面团andtofermentalcoholicbeveragesandbacterialcellstomakecheesesandyogurtsandastheybredtheirstrongproductiveanimalstomakeevenstrongerandmoreproductiveoffspring.Throughouthumanhistorywehavelearnedagreatdealaboutthedifferentorganismsthatourancestorsusedsoeffectively.Themarkedincreaseinourunderstandingoftheseorganismsandtheircellproductsgainsustheabilitytocontrolthemanyfunctionsofvariouscellsandorganisms.Usingthetechniquesofgenesplicing叠接andrecombineDNAtechnologywecannowactuallycombinethegeneticelementsoftwoormorelivingcells.FunctioninglengthsofDNAcanbetakenfromoneorganismandplacedintothecellsofanotherorganism.Asaresultforexamplewecancausebacterialcellstoproducehumanmoleculescowscanproducemoremilkorthesameamountoffeedandwecansynthesizetherapeuticmoleculesthathaveneverbeforeexisted. ThesentenceThisquestionelicits...para.2means______.
Hetookustoanautomobileshowyesterdayafternoon.
EdwinHubble EdwinHubblechangedourideasabouttheuniverseandhowitdeveloped.Theworkoffewotherscientistschangedourunderstandingof【51】suddenly.Hemadehismostimportantdiscoveriesinthe1920s.Todayotherscientistscontinuetheworkhebeganbackthen.EdwinPowellHubblewasbornin1889inMarshfieldMissouri.He【52】hisearlyyearsinthestateofKentucky.ThenhemovedwithhisfamilytoChicagoIllinois.HeattendedtheUniversityofChicagotakingmathematicsandastronomy【53】hisspecialty. AsastudentHubblewasalsoamemberoftheUniversity’’sbasketballteamandanexcellentboxer.Severalpeopleurgedhim【54】fortheworldheavyweightboxingchampionshipaftercollege.Insteadhedecidedtocontinuehis【55】. InhisfirstobservationsfromMountWilsonCaliforniaHubbleusedatelescopewithone-hundredfifty-twoandbegan【56】moreandmoredistantobjects.Hisfirstgreatdiscoverywasmade【57】herecognizedaCepheidvariablestar.Cepheidvariablestarsarestarswhosebrightnesschangesatregularperiods. Hubblethenbegantoobservemoredetailsaboutgalaxies.Hestudiedtheirshapesandbrightness.By1925hehadmadeenoughobservationstosaythattheuniverseisorganizedintomanyshapesandsizes. Asstarsdifferfromoneanotherhesaid【58】galaxies.Accordingtohisobservationsthegalaxieshaveacenterandarmsofmatterthatseemtothecenterlikeapinwheel.Otherareshaped【59】baseballsoreggs.Afewhavenospecial【60】Hubbleproposedasystemtodescribegalaxiesbytheirshape.Hissystemisstillusedtoday.Healsoshowedthat【61】aresimilarinthekindsofbrightobjectstheycontain.Allgalaxies【62】arerelatedtoeachothermuchasmembersofafamilyarerelatedtoeachother. Inthelate1920sHubblestudiedthemovementofgalaxiesthroughspace.Hisinvestigationledtothemostimportant【63】discoveryofthe20thcentury—theexpandinguniverse. Hubbiesdiscovery【64】amajorchangeinourideasoftheuniverse.Theuniversehadnotbeenquietandunchangingsincethebeginningoftimeasmanypeoplehadthought.Itwasexpanding.Theexpandingoftenis【65】theBigBang.
Heenduredallkindsofhardshipsinhissolosailingaroundtheworld.
Biotechnology Biotechnologyinoneformoranotherhasflourishedsinceprehistorictimes.Whenthefirsthumanbeingsrealizedthattheycouldplanttheirowncropsandbreedtheirownanimalstheylearnedtousebiotechnology.Thediscoverythatfruitjuicesfermented发酵inwineorthatmilkcouldbeconvertedintocheeseoryogurt酸乳酶orthatbeercouldbemadebyfermentingsolutionsofmalt麦芽andhops啤酒花beganthestudyofbiotechnology.Whenthefirstbakersfoundthattheycouldmakeasoftspongy多乳的breadratherthanafirmthincrackertheywe’’reactingasfledgling缺乏经验的biotechnologists.Thefirstanimalbreedersrealizingthatdifferentphysicaltraitscouldbeeithermagnifiedorlostbymatingappropriatepairsofanimalsengagedinthemanipulationsofbiotechnology. Whatthenisbiotechnology?Thetermbringstominddifferentthings.Somethinkofdevelopingnewtypesofanimals.Othersdreamofalmostunlimitedsourcesofhumantherapeutic治疗的drugs.Stillothersenvision想象thepossibilityofgrowingcropsthataremorenutritious有养分的andnaturallypest-resistant有抵抗力的tofeedarapidlygrowingworldpopulation.Thisquestionelicits引发almostasmanyfirst-thoughtresponsesastherearepeopletowhomthequestioncanbeposed.Initspurestformthetermbiotechnologyreferstotheuseoflivingorganismsortheirproductstomodifyhumanhealthandthehumanenvironment.Prehistoricbiotechnologistsdidthisastheyusedyeastcellstoraisebreaddough生面团andtofermentalcoholicbeveragesandbacterialcellstomakecheesesandyogurtsandastheybredtheirstrongproductiveanimalstomakeevenstrongerandmoreproductiveoffspring.Throughouthumanhistorywehavelearnedagreatdealaboutthedifferentorganismsthatourancestorsusedsoeffectively.Themarkedincreaseinourunderstandingoftheseorganismsandtheircellproductsgainsustheabilitytocontrolthemanyfunctionsofvariouscellsandorganisms.Usingthetechniquesofgenesplicing叠接andrecombineDNAtechnologywecannowactuallycombinethegeneticelementsoftwoormorelivingcells.FunctioninglengthsofDNAcanbetakenfromoneorganismandplacedintothecellsofanotherorganism.Asaresultforexamplewecancausebacterialcellstoproducehumanmoleculescowscanproducemoremilkorthesameamountoffeedandwecansynthesizetherapeuticmoleculesthathaveneverbeforeexisted. AccordingtothepassagewhichofthefollowingisNOTanapplicationofbiotechnology?
EdwinHubble EdwinHubblechangedourideasabouttheuniverseandhowitdeveloped.Theworkoffewotherscientistschangedourunderstandingof【51】suddenly.Hemadehismostimportantdiscoveriesinthe1920s.Todayotherscientistscontinuetheworkhebeganbackthen.EdwinPowellHubblewasbornin1889inMarshfieldMissouri.He【52】hisearlyyearsinthestateofKentucky.ThenhemovedwithhisfamilytoChicagoIllinois.HeattendedtheUniversityofChicagotakingmathematicsandastronomy【53】hisspecialty. AsastudentHubblewasalsoamemberoftheUniversity’’sbasketballteamandanexcellentboxer.Severalpeopleurgedhim【54】fortheworldheavyweightboxingchampionshipaftercollege.Insteadhedecidedtocontinuehis【55】. InhisfirstobservationsfromMountWilsonCaliforniaHubbleusedatelescopewithone-hundredfifty-twoandbegan【56】moreandmoredistantobjects.Hisfirstgreatdiscoverywasmade【57】herecognizedaCepheidvariablestar.Cepheidvariablestarsarestarswhosebrightnesschangesatregularperiods. Hubblethenbegantoobservemoredetailsaboutgalaxies.Hestudiedtheirshapesandbrightness.By1925hehadmadeenoughobservationstosaythattheuniverseisorganizedintomanyshapesandsizes. Asstarsdifferfromoneanotherhesaid【58】galaxies.Accordingtohisobservationsthegalaxieshaveacenterandarmsofmatterthatseemtothecenterlikeapinwheel.Otherareshaped【59】baseballsoreggs.Afewhavenospecial【60】Hubbleproposedasystemtodescribegalaxiesbytheirshape.Hissystemisstillusedtoday.Healsoshowedthat【61】aresimilarinthekindsofbrightobjectstheycontain.Allgalaxies【62】arerelatedtoeachothermuchasmembersofafamilyarerelatedtoeachother. Inthelate1920sHubblestudiedthemovementofgalaxiesthroughspace.Hisinvestigationledtothemostimportant【63】discoveryofthe20thcentury—theexpandinguniverse. Hubbiesdiscovery【64】amajorchangeinourideasoftheuniverse.Theuniversehadnotbeenquietandunchangingsincethebeginningoftimeasmanypeoplehadthought.Itwasexpanding.Theexpandingoftenis【65】theBigBang.
EdwinHubble EdwinHubblechangedourideasabouttheuniverseandhowitdeveloped.Theworkoffewotherscientistschangedourunderstandingof【51】suddenly.Hemadehismostimportantdiscoveriesinthe1920s.Todayotherscientistscontinuetheworkhebeganbackthen.EdwinPowellHubblewasbornin1889inMarshfieldMissouri.He【52】hisearlyyearsinthestateofKentucky.ThenhemovedwithhisfamilytoChicagoIllinois.HeattendedtheUniversityofChicagotakingmathematicsandastronomy【53】hisspecialty. AsastudentHubblewasalsoamemberoftheUniversity’’sbasketballteamandanexcellentboxer.Severalpeopleurgedhim【54】fortheworldheavyweightboxingchampionshipaftercollege.Insteadhedecidedtocontinuehis【55】. InhisfirstobservationsfromMountWilsonCaliforniaHubbleusedatelescopewithone-hundredfifty-twoandbegan【56】moreandmoredistantobjects.Hisfirstgreatdiscoverywasmade【57】herecognizedaCepheidvariablestar.Cepheidvariablestarsarestarswhosebrightnesschangesatregularperiods. Hubblethenbegantoobservemoredetailsaboutgalaxies.Hestudiedtheirshapesandbrightness.By1925hehadmadeenoughobservationstosaythattheuniverseisorganizedintomanyshapesandsizes. Asstarsdifferfromoneanotherhesaid【58】galaxies.Accordingtohisobservationsthegalaxieshaveacenterandarmsofmatterthatseemtothecenterlikeapinwheel.Otherareshaped【59】baseballsoreggs.Afewhavenospecial【60】Hubbleproposedasystemtodescribegalaxiesbytheirshape.Hissystemisstillusedtoday.Healsoshowedthat【61】aresimilarinthekindsofbrightobjectstheycontain.Allgalaxies【62】arerelatedtoeachothermuchasmembersofafamilyarerelatedtoeachother. Inthelate1920sHubblestudiedthemovementofgalaxiesthroughspace.Hisinvestigationledtothemostimportant【63】discoveryofthe20thcentury—theexpandinguniverse. Hubbiesdiscovery【64】amajorchangeinourideasoftheuniverse.Theuniversehadnotbeenquietandunchangingsincethebeginningoftimeasmanypeoplehadthought.Itwasexpanding.Theexpandingoftenis【65】theBigBang.
Ibegyouonceagainneverdesertmeinmymisfortunes!
{{*HTML*}}??下面有3篇短文每篇短文后有5道题每道题后面有4个选项{{B}}第一篇{{/B}} ??????? ??{{B}}Obesity肥胖:theScourge祸害oftheWestern World{{/B}}??Obesityisrapidlybecominganewscourgeofthe westernworlddelegatesagreedatthellthEuropeanConferenceontheissuein ViennaWednesdaytoSaturday.Accordingtostatementsbeforetheopeningofthe conference—of2000specialistsfrommorethan50countries—1.2billion peopleworldwideareoverweightand250millionareobese.?? ProfessorBernhardLudvikofViennaGeneralHospitalsaidObesityisachronic illness.InGermany20percentofthepeoplearealreadyaffectedbutin Japanonlyonepercent.Buthesaidthattherewashopeforsufferersthanks tothenewscientificdiscoveriesandmedication.??Professor FriedrichHopichlerofSalzbergsaidWearelivinginthenewagebutwith themetabolismofastone—ageman.IhavejustbeentotheUnitedStates.It isreallyterrible.Apizzashopisspringinguponeverycomer.Wehavebeen overranbyfastfoodandCoca-Cola-ization.??Manyoftheexperts stressedthatobesitywasapotentialkiller.HopichlersaidEightypercent ofalldiabeticsareobesealsofiftypercentofallpatientswithhighblood pressureandfiftypercentwithadiposetissuecomplaints.Tenpercentmore weightmeansthirteenpercentmoreriskofheartdisease.Reducingone’sweight bytenpercentleadstothirteenpercentlowerbloodpressure.? ?AnotherexpertHermannToplaksaidthatthestatehealthservicesshould improvetheirfinancingofpreventiveprograms.Thoughthehealthinsurance paysforsurgerysuchasreducingthesizeofthestomachwhenthebody-mass indexismorethan40.Thatisequivalenttoaweightof116kilogramsfora heightof1.70meters.Oneshouldstartearlier.??Ludviksaid thatpreventionshouldbegininschool.Childobesityfatdepositscorrelates withthetimewhichchildrenspendinfrontofTVsets.??The consequenceswereonlyapparentlateron.Nomorethanfifteenpercentofobese peoplelivedtotheaveragelifeexpectancyfortheirpopulation group.??scourgen.天灾;祸害??obesityn.肥胖症? ?overrunvt.侵扰蹂躏??obeseadj.肥胖症??diabetic n.糖悄病患者adj.糖尿病的??medicationn.药物疗法??adipose adj.脂肪的肥胖的??metabolismn.新陈代谢FromthelastparagraphwemayinferthatoneoftheeffectivemeasuressuggestedbyLudviktopreventchildrenfrombeingobesewouldbe
TheAttitudeForComputers AsDr.SamuelJohnsonsaidinadifferenteraaboutladiespreachingthesurprisingthingaboutcomputersisnotthattheythinklesswellthanamanbutthattheythinkatall.Theearlyelectroniccomputerdidnothavemuchgoingforitexceptamarvelousmemoryandsomegoodmathskills.Buttodaythebestmodelscanbewireduptolearnbyexperiencefollowanargumentaskproperquestionsandwritepoetryandmusic.Theycanalsocarryonsomewhatpuzzlingconversations. Computersimitatelife.Ascomputersgetmorecompletetheimitationgetsbetter.Finallythelinebetweentheoriginalandthecopybecomesunclear.Inanother15yearsorsowewillseethecomputerasanewformoflife. Theopinionseemsridiculousbecauseforonethingcomputerslackthedrivesandemotionsoflivingcreatures.Butdrivescanbeprogrammedintothecomputer’’sbrainjustasnatureprogrammedthemintoourhumanbrainsasapartoftheequipmentforsurvival. Computersmatchpeopleinsomerolesandwhenfastdecisionsareneededinacrisistheyoftensurpassthem.Havingevolvedwhenthepaceoflifewasslowerthehumanbrainhasaninherentdefectthatpreventsitfromabsorbingseveralstreamsofinformationsimultaneouslyandactingonthemquickly.Throwtoomanythingsatthebrainatonetimeanditfreezesup. Wearestillincontrolbutthecapabilitiesofcomputersareincreasingatafantasticratewhilerawhumanintelligenceischangingslowlyifatall.Computerpowerhasincreasedtentimeseveryeightyearssince1946.Inthe1990swhenthesixthgenerationappearsthereasoningpowerofanintelligencebuiltoutofsiliconwillbegintomatchthatofthehumanbrain. Thatdoesnotmeantheevolutionofintelligencehasendedontheearth.Judgingbythepastwecanexpectthatanewspecieswillariseoutofmansurpassinghisachievementsashehassurpassedthoseofhispredecessor.Onlyacarbonchemistryenthusiastwouldassumethatthespeciesmustbeman’’sflesh-and-blooddescendants.Thenewkindofintelligentlifeismorelikelytobemadeofsilicon. Dr.SamuelJohsondisapprovedofladiestopreach.
TheAttitudeForComputers AsDr.SamuelJohnsonsaidinadifferenteraaboutladiespreachingthesurprisingthingaboutcomputersisnotthattheythinklesswellthanamanbutthattheythinkatall.Theearlyelectroniccomputerdidnothavemuchgoingforitexceptamarvelousmemoryandsomegoodmathskills.Buttodaythebestmodelscanbewireduptolearnbyexperiencefollowanargumentaskproperquestionsandwritepoetryandmusic.Theycanalsocarryonsomewhatpuzzlingconversations. Computersimitatelife.Ascomputersgetmorecompletetheimitationgetsbetter.Finallythelinebetweentheoriginalandthecopybecomesunclear.Inanother15yearsorsowewillseethecomputerasanewformoflife. Theopinionseemsridiculousbecauseforonethingcomputerslackthedrivesandemotionsoflivingcreatures.Butdrivescanbeprogrammedintothecomputer’’sbrainjustasnatureprogrammedthemintoourhumanbrainsasapartoftheequipmentforsurvival. Computersmatchpeopleinsomerolesandwhenfastdecisionsareneededinacrisistheyoftensurpassthem.Havingevolvedwhenthepaceoflifewasslowerthehumanbrainhasaninherentdefectthatpreventsitfromabsorbingseveralstreamsofinformationsimultaneouslyandactingonthemquickly.Throwtoomanythingsatthebrainatonetimeanditfreezesup. Wearestillincontrolbutthecapabilitiesofcomputersareincreasingatafantasticratewhilerawhumanintelligenceischangingslowlyifatall.Computerpowerhasincreasedtentimeseveryeightyearssince1946.Inthe1990swhenthesixthgenerationappearsthereasoningpowerofanintelligencebuiltoutofsiliconwillbegintomatchthatofthehumanbrain. Thatdoesnotmeantheevolutionofintelligencehasendedontheearth.Judgingbythepastwecanexpectthatanewspecieswillariseoutofmansurpassinghisachievementsashehassurpassedthoseofhispredecessor.Onlyacarbonchemistryenthusiastwouldassumethatthespeciesmustbeman’’sflesh-and-blooddescendants.Thenewkindofintelligentlifeismorelikelytobemadeofsilicon. Futuremanwillbemadeofsiliconinsteadoffleshandblood.
Heselectedabirthdaypresentforhisdaughter.
EdwinHubble EdwinHubblechangedourideasabouttheuniverseandhowitdeveloped.Theworkoffewotherscientistschangedourunderstandingof【51】suddenly.Hemadehismostimportantdiscoveriesinthe1920s.Todayotherscientistscontinuetheworkhebeganbackthen.EdwinPowellHubblewasbornin1889inMarshfieldMissouri.He【52】hisearlyyearsinthestateofKentucky.ThenhemovedwithhisfamilytoChicagoIllinois.HeattendedtheUniversityofChicagotakingmathematicsandastronomy【53】hisspecialty. AsastudentHubblewasalsoamemberoftheUniversity’’sbasketballteamandanexcellentboxer.Severalpeopleurgedhim【54】fortheworldheavyweightboxingchampionshipaftercollege.Insteadhedecidedtocontinuehis【55】. InhisfirstobservationsfromMountWilsonCaliforniaHubbleusedatelescopewithone-hundredfifty-twoandbegan【56】moreandmoredistantobjects.Hisfirstgreatdiscoverywasmade【57】herecognizedaCepheidvariablestar.Cepheidvariablestarsarestarswhosebrightnesschangesatregularperiods. Hubblethenbegantoobservemoredetailsaboutgalaxies.Hestudiedtheirshapesandbrightness.By1925hehadmadeenoughobservationstosaythattheuniverseisorganizedintomanyshapesandsizes. Asstarsdifferfromoneanotherhesaid【58】galaxies.Accordingtohisobservationsthegalaxieshaveacenterandarmsofmatterthatseemtothecenterlikeapinwheel.Otherareshaped【59】baseballsoreggs.Afewhavenospecial【60】Hubbleproposedasystemtodescribegalaxiesbytheirshape.Hissystemisstillusedtoday.Healsoshowedthat【61】aresimilarinthekindsofbrightobjectstheycontain.Allgalaxies【62】arerelatedtoeachothermuchasmembersofafamilyarerelatedtoeachother. Inthelate1920sHubblestudiedthemovementofgalaxiesthroughspace.Hisinvestigationledtothemostimportant【63】discoveryofthe20thcentury—theexpandinguniverse. Hubbiesdiscovery【64】amajorchangeinourideasoftheuniverse.Theuniversehadnotbeenquietandunchangingsincethebeginningoftimeasmanypeoplehadthought.Itwasexpanding.Theexpandingoftenis【65】theBigBang.
Thebossputgreatstressontheworkerssothattheycouldworkharder.
Somethingsweknowaboutlanguage Manythingsaboutlanguageareamysteryandmanywillalwaysremainso.Butsomethingswedoknow. Firstweknowthatallhumanbeingshavealanguageofsomesort.Thereisnoraceofmenanywhereonearthsobackwardthatithasnolanguagenosetofspeechsoundsbywhichthepeoplecommunicatewithonemother.Furthermoreinhistoricaltimestherehasneverbeenaraceofmenwithoutalanguage. Secondthereisnosuchthingasaprimitivelanguage.Therearemanypeoplewhoseculturesareundevelopedwhoareaswesayuncivilizedbutthelanguagestheyspeakarenotprimitive.Inallknown1anguageswecanseecomplexitiesthatmusthavebeentensofthousandsofyearsindeveloping. Thishasnotalwaysbeenwellunderstood;indeedthedirectcontraryhasoftenbeenstated.PopularideasofthelanguageoftheAmericanIndianswillillustrate.ManypeoplehavesupposedthattheIndianscommunicatedinaveryprimitivesystemofnoises.Studyhasprovedthistobenonsense.ThereareorwerehundredsofAmericanIndianlanguagesandallofthemturnouttobeverycomplicatedandveryold.TheyarecertainlydifferentfromthelanguagesthatmostofusarefamiliarwithbuttheyarenomoreprimitivefivethanEnglishandGreek. Athirdthingweknowaboutlanguageisthatalllanguagesareperfectlyadequate.Thatiseachoneisaperfectmeansofexpressingthecultureofthepeoplewhospeakthelanguage. Finallyweknowthatlanguagechanges.Itisnaturalandnormalforlanguagetochange;theonlylanguageswhichdonotchangearethedeadones.Thisiseasytounderstandifwelookbackwardintime.Changegoesoninallaspectsoflanguage.Grammaticalfeatureschangeasdospeechsoundsandchangesinvocabularyaresometimesveryextensiveandmayoccurveryrapidly.Vocabularyistheleaststablepartofanylanguage. race/n.种族 primitive/adj.原始的 uncivilized/adj.不开化的落后的 complexity/n.复杂性复杂现象 nonsense/n.胡说没有根据的话 vocabulary/n.词汇 WhichofthefollowingstatementsisINCORRECT?
Somethingsweknowaboutlanguage Manythingsaboutlanguageareamysteryandmanywillalwaysremainso.Butsomethingswedoknow. Firstweknowthatallhumanbeingshavealanguageofsomesort.Thereisnoraceofmenanywhereonearthsobackwardthatithasnolanguagenosetofspeechsoundsbywhichthepeoplecommunicatewithonemother.Furthermoreinhistoricaltimestherehasneverbeenaraceofmenwithoutalanguage. Secondthereisnosuchthingasaprimitivelanguage.Therearemanypeoplewhoseculturesareundevelopedwhoareaswesayuncivilizedbutthelanguagestheyspeakarenotprimitive.Inallknown1anguageswecanseecomplexitiesthatmusthavebeentensofthousandsofyearsindeveloping. Thishasnotalwaysbeenwellunderstood;indeedthedirectcontraryhasoftenbeenstated.PopularideasofthelanguageoftheAmericanIndianswillillustrate.ManypeoplehavesupposedthattheIndianscommunicatedinaveryprimitivesystemofnoises.Studyhasprovedthistobenonsense.ThereareorwerehundredsofAmericanIndianlanguagesandallofthemturnouttobeverycomplicatedandveryold.TheyarecertainlydifferentfromthelanguagesthatmostofusarefamiliarwithbuttheyarenomoreprimitivefivethanEnglishandGreek. Athirdthingweknowaboutlanguageisthatalllanguagesareperfectlyadequate.Thatiseachoneisaperfectmeansofexpressingthecultureofthepeoplewhospeakthelanguage. Finallyweknowthatlanguagechanges.Itisnaturalandnormalforlanguagetochange;theonlylanguageswhichdonotchangearethedeadones.Thisiseasytounderstandifwelookbackwardintime.Changegoesoninallaspectsoflanguage.Grammaticalfeatureschangeasdospeechsoundsandchangesinvocabularyaresometimesveryextensiveandmayoccurveryrapidly.Vocabularyistheleaststablepartofanylanguage. race/n.种族 primitive/adj.原始的 uncivilized/adj.不开化的落后的 complexity/n.复杂性复杂现象 nonsense/n.胡说没有根据的话 vocabulary/n.词汇 Accordingtotheauthorpeopleofundevelopedculturescanhave______languages.
BathingIntheSea BathingintheseainEnglandahundredyearsagowasnotquitethelight-heartedamusementthatitistoday.Therearenorunningdownfromthehoteltothebeachinabathrobe长袍nosunbathingorlyingaboutonthesandsinbathing-dressesafterthedip.Everythinghadtobedoneinanorderlyandextremelypolitemanner.Mixedbathingwasnotallowedanywhere.Menandwomeneachhadtheirseparatepartofthebeachandtheywerenotsupposedtomeetinthewater. Bathingclotheswerealsocloselycontrolled.Menusuallyworesimplebathingdrawersandnomorebutwomenwereobligedtowearthickcumbersomewoolengarmentsthatcoveredthemcompletelyfromheadtofoot.Thesesatisfiedthedemandsofmodestybuttheymusthavebeenextremelyuncomfortableforswimming. Eventhusdecentlycoveredwomenwerenotsupposedtoshowthemselvesonthebeachwhileinbathingattire浴衣.Theyhadtowaittheirturnforabathingmachineasortofwoodencabinonwheelswhichwasdrawnrightdowntothewatersedgebyhorses.Onitsseawardsideasortofhoodorcanopy罩盖stretchedoutwardsanddownwardsoverthewatercompletelyhidingthebatheruntilshewasactuallyintheseaTherewasabathingwomaninattendancepartofwhosedutywastodipinotherwordstoseizethebatherassoonassheemergedanddipherforciblyunderwatertwoorthreetimes.Thiswassupposedtobeforthebenefitofherhealthandnodoubtitwasallrightinthehandsofthegentle.Butmostbathingwomenwerethereverseofgentleandtobedippedbythemmusthavebeenastrenuousformofexercise. Abathing-woman’sjobwasto______.
EdwinHubble EdwinHubblechangedourideasabouttheuniverseandhowitdeveloped.Theworkoffewotherscientistschangedourunderstandingof【51】suddenly.Hemadehismostimportantdiscoveriesinthe1920s.Todayotherscientistscontinuetheworkhebeganbackthen.EdwinPowellHubblewasbornin1889inMarshfieldMissouri.He【52】hisearlyyearsinthestateofKentucky.ThenhemovedwithhisfamilytoChicagoIllinois.HeattendedtheUniversityofChicagotakingmathematicsandastronomy【53】hisspecialty. AsastudentHubblewasalsoamemberoftheUniversity’’sbasketballteamandanexcellentboxer.Severalpeopleurgedhim【54】fortheworldheavyweightboxingchampionshipaftercollege.Insteadhedecidedtocontinuehis【55】. InhisfirstobservationsfromMountWilsonCaliforniaHubbleusedatelescopewithone-hundredfifty-twoandbegan【56】moreandmoredistantobjects.Hisfirstgreatdiscoverywasmade【57】herecognizedaCepheidvariablestar.Cepheidvariablestarsarestarswhosebrightnesschangesatregularperiods. Hubblethenbegantoobservemoredetailsaboutgalaxies.Hestudiedtheirshapesandbrightness.By1925hehadmadeenoughobservationstosaythattheuniverseisorganizedintomanyshapesandsizes. Asstarsdifferfromoneanotherhesaid【58】galaxies.Accordingtohisobservationsthegalaxieshaveacenterandarmsofmatterthatseemtothecenterlikeapinwheel.Otherareshaped【59】baseballsoreggs.Afewhavenospecial【60】Hubbleproposedasystemtodescribegalaxiesbytheirshape.Hissystemisstillusedtoday.Healsoshowedthat【61】aresimilarinthekindsofbrightobjectstheycontain.Allgalaxies【62】arerelatedtoeachothermuchasmembersofafamilyarerelatedtoeachother. Inthelate1920sHubblestudiedthemovementofgalaxiesthroughspace.Hisinvestigationledtothemostimportant【63】discoveryofthe20thcentury—theexpandinguniverse. Hubbiesdiscovery【64】amajorchangeinourideasoftheuniverse.Theuniversehadnotbeenquietandunchangingsincethebeginningoftimeasmanypeoplehadthought.Itwasexpanding.Theexpandingoftenis【65】theBigBang.
BathingIntheSea BathingintheseainEnglandahundredyearsagowasnotquitethelight-heartedamusementthatitistoday.Therearenorunningdownfromthehoteltothebeachinabathrobe长袍nosunbathingorlyingaboutonthesandsinbathing-dressesafterthedip.Everythinghadtobedoneinanorderlyandextremelypolitemanner.Mixedbathingwasnotallowedanywhere.Menandwomeneachhadtheirseparatepartofthebeachandtheywerenotsupposedtomeetinthewater. Bathingclotheswerealsocloselycontrolled.Menusuallyworesimplebathingdrawersandnomorebutwomenwereobligedtowearthickcumbersomewoolengarmentsthatcoveredthemcompletelyfromheadtofoot.Thesesatisfiedthedemandsofmodestybuttheymusthavebeenextremelyuncomfortableforswimming. Eventhusdecentlycoveredwomenwerenotsupposedtoshowthemselvesonthebeachwhileinbathingattire浴衣.Theyhadtowaittheirturnforabathingmachineasortofwoodencabinonwheelswhichwasdrawnrightdowntothewatersedgebyhorses.Onitsseawardsideasortofhoodorcanopy罩盖stretchedoutwardsanddownwardsoverthewatercompletelyhidingthebatheruntilshewasactuallyintheseaTherewasabathingwomaninattendancepartofwhosedutywastodipinotherwordstoseizethebatherassoonassheemergedanddipherforciblyunderwatertwoorthreetimes.Thiswassupposedtobeforthebenefitofherhealthandnodoubtitwasallrightinthehandsofthegentle.Butmostbathingwomenwerethereverseofgentleandtobedippedbythemmusthavebeenastrenuousformofexercise. Womenworeuncomfortablebathingclothesbecause______.
{{*HTML*}}{{B}}第二篇{{/B}} ?????? ?{{B}}CanBuildingsBeDesignedtoResistTerroristAttack?{{/B}}? ?IntheaftermathoftheterroristattackontheWorldTradeCenter structuralengineersaretryinghardtosolveaquestionthatamonthagowould havebeencompletelyunthinkable:Canbuildingbedesignedtowithstand catastrophicblastsinflictedbyterrorists???Tendaysafterthe terroristattacksonthetwintowersstructuralengineersfromtheUniversity atBuffaloandtheMultidisciplinaryCenterforEarthquakeEngineeringResearch MCEERheadquarteredatUBtraveledtogroundzeroaspartofaprojectfunded byfileNationalScienceFoundationvisitingthesiteaspartofanMCEER reconnaissancevisit.Theyspenttwodaysbeginningthetaskofformulating ideasabouthowtodesignsuchstructuresandtosearchforcluesonhowtodo soinbuildingsthatweredamagedbutstillarestanding.??Our objectiveinvisitinggroundzerowastogoandlookatthebuildings surroundingtheWorldTradeCenterthosebuildingsthatarestillstandingbut thatsustaineddamagesaidM.Bruneau.Ph.D.Ourimmediatehopeisthatwe candevelopabetterunderstandingastowhythosebuildingsremainstanding. Whileourlong-termgoalistoseewhetherearthquakeengineeringtechnologies canbemarriedtoexistingtechnologiestoachieveenhancedperformanceof buildingsintheeventofterroristattacksheadded.? ?Photographstakenbytheinvestigatorsdemonstrateinstartlingdetailthe monumentaldamageinflictedontheWorldTradeCentertowersandbuildingsin thevicinity.Onebuildingablockawayfromtherowersremainsstandihgbut wasbadlydamaged.ThisbuildingismanymetersawayfromtheWorldTrade Centerandyetweseeacolumntherethatusedtobepartofthatbuilding. explainedA.Whittaker.Ph.D.Thecolumnbecameamissilethatshotacrossthe road.throughthewindowandthroughthefloor.??Thevisitto theareaalsorevealedsomesurprisesaccordingtotheengineers.Forexample thefloorflamingsysteminoneoftheadjacentbuildingswasquiterugged allowingfloorsthatwerepiercedbytonsoffairingdebristoremainintact. Highlyredundantductileframingsystemsmayprovideasimplebutrobust strategyforblastresistanceheadded.Otherstrategiesmayincludeproviding alternatepathsforgravityloadsintheeventthataload-bearingcolumnfails. Wealsoneedabetterunderstandingofthemechanismofcollapse.saidA. Whitaker.Weneedtofindoutwhatcausesabuildingtocollapseandhowyou canpredictit.??A.ReinhornPh.D.notedthatearthquake shakinghasledtothecollapseofmanybuildingsinthepast.Itinduces dynamicresponseandextremelyhighstressesanddeformationsinstructural components.Solutionsdevelopedforearthquakeresistantdesignmaybedirectly applicabletoblastengineeringandterrorist.PartofourmissionnowatUBis totransferthesesolutionsandtodevelopnewoneswherenoneexistat present.??aftermathn.后果结果??inthevicinity 附近??debrisn.碎片??reconnaissancen. 勘察侦察??ductileadj.可伸展的易变形的TheprojectfundedbytheNationalScienceFoundation______.
TheAttitudeForComputers AsDr.SamuelJohnsonsaidinadifferenteraaboutladiespreachingthesurprisingthingaboutcomputersisnotthattheythinklesswellthanamanbutthattheythinkatall.Theearlyelectroniccomputerdidnothavemuchgoingforitexceptamarvelousmemoryandsomegoodmathskills.Buttodaythebestmodelscanbewireduptolearnbyexperiencefollowanargumentaskproperquestionsandwritepoetryandmusic.Theycanalsocarryonsomewhatpuzzlingconversations. Computersimitatelife.Ascomputersgetmorecompletetheimitationgetsbetter.Finallythelinebetweentheoriginalandthecopybecomesunclear.Inanother15yearsorsowewillseethecomputerasanewformoflife. Theopinionseemsridiculousbecauseforonethingcomputerslackthedrivesandemotionsoflivingcreatures.Butdrivescanbeprogrammedintothecomputer’’sbrainjustasnatureprogrammedthemintoourhumanbrainsasapartoftheequipmentforsurvival. Computersmatchpeopleinsomerolesandwhenfastdecisionsareneededinacrisistheyoftensurpassthem.Havingevolvedwhenthepaceoflifewasslowerthehumanbrainhasaninherentdefectthatpreventsitfromabsorbingseveralstreamsofinformationsimultaneouslyandactingonthemquickly.Throwtoomanythingsatthebrainatonetimeanditfreezesup. Wearestillincontrolbutthecapabilitiesofcomputersareincreasingatafantasticratewhilerawhumanintelligenceischangingslowlyifatall.Computerpowerhasincreasedtentimeseveryeightyearssince1946.Inthe1990swhenthesixthgenerationappearsthereasoningpowerofanintelligencebuiltoutofsiliconwillbegintomatchthatofthehumanbrain. Thatdoesnotmeantheevolutionofintelligencehasendedontheearth.Judgingbythepastwecanexpectthatanewspecieswillariseoutofmansurpassinghisachievementsashehassurpassedthoseofhispredecessor.Onlyacarbonchemistryenthusiastwouldassumethatthespeciesmustbeman’’sflesh-and-blooddescendants.Thenewkindofintelligentlifeismorelikelytobemadeofsilicon. Intermsofmakingdecisionsthehumanbraincannotbecomparedwiththecomputerbecauseinthelongproceduresofevolutiontheslowpaceoflifedidn’trequiresuchanabilityofthehumanbrain.
{{*HTML*}}{{B}}第二篇{{/B}} ?????? ?{{B}}CanBuildingsBeDesignedtoResistTerroristAttack?{{/B}}? ?IntheaftermathoftheterroristattackontheWorldTradeCenter structuralengineersaretryinghardtosolveaquestionthatamonthagowould havebeencompletelyunthinkable:Canbuildingbedesignedtowithstand catastrophicblastsinflictedbyterrorists???Tendaysafterthe terroristattacksonthetwintowersstructuralengineersfromtheUniversity atBuffaloandtheMultidisciplinaryCenterforEarthquakeEngineeringResearch MCEERheadquarteredatUBtraveledtogroundzeroaspartofaprojectfunded byfileNationalScienceFoundationvisitingthesiteaspartofanMCEER reconnaissancevisit.Theyspenttwodaysbeginningthetaskofformulating ideasabouthowtodesignsuchstructuresandtosearchforcluesonhowtodo soinbuildingsthatweredamagedbutstillarestanding.??Our objectiveinvisitinggroundzerowastogoandlookatthebuildings surroundingtheWorldTradeCenterthosebuildingsthatarestillstandingbut thatsustaineddamagesaidM.Bruneau.Ph.D.Ourimmediatehopeisthatwe candevelopabetterunderstandingastowhythosebuildingsremainstanding. Whileourlong-termgoalistoseewhetherearthquakeengineeringtechnologies canbemarriedtoexistingtechnologiestoachieveenhancedperformanceof buildingsintheeventofterroristattacksheadded.? ?Photographstakenbytheinvestigatorsdemonstrateinstartlingdetailthe monumentaldamageinflictedontheWorldTradeCentertowersandbuildingsin thevicinity.Onebuildingablockawayfromtherowersremainsstandihgbut wasbadlydamaged.ThisbuildingismanymetersawayfromtheWorldTrade Centerandyetweseeacolumntherethatusedtobepartofthatbuilding. explainedA.Whittaker.Ph.D.Thecolumnbecameamissilethatshotacrossthe road.throughthewindowandthroughthefloor.??Thevisitto theareaalsorevealedsomesurprisesaccordingtotheengineers.Forexample thefloorflamingsysteminoneoftheadjacentbuildingswasquiterugged allowingfloorsthatwerepiercedbytonsoffairingdebristoremainintact. Highlyredundantductileframingsystemsmayprovideasimplebutrobust strategyforblastresistanceheadded.Otherstrategiesmayincludeproviding alternatepathsforgravityloadsintheeventthataload-bearingcolumnfails. Wealsoneedabetterunderstandingofthemechanismofcollapse.saidA. Whitaker.Weneedtofindoutwhatcausesabuildingtocollapseandhowyou canpredictit.??A.ReinhornPh.D.notedthatearthquake shakinghasledtothecollapseofmanybuildingsinthepast.Itinduces dynamicresponseandextremelyhighstressesanddeformationsinstructural components.Solutionsdevelopedforearthquakeresistantdesignmaybedirectly applicabletoblastengineeringandterrorist.PartofourmissionnowatUBis totransferthesesolutionsandtodevelopnewoneswherenoneexistat present.??aftermathn.后果结果??inthevicinity 附近??debrisn.碎片??reconnaissancen. 勘察侦察??ductileadj.可伸展的易变形的Asurprisingdiscoverymadebytheinvestigatorsduringtheirvisittogroundzeroisthat______.
{{*HTML*}}{{B}}第三篇{{/B}} ??????? ?{{B}}MaleandFemalePilotsCauseAccidentsDifferently{{/B}}? ?MalepilotsflyinggeneralaviationprivateaircraftintheUnited Statesaremorelikelytocrashduetoinattentionorflaweddecision-making. Whilefemalepilotsaremorelikelytocrashfrommishandlingtheaircraft. ThesearetheresultsofastudybyresearchersattheJohnsHopkinsUniversity BloombergSchoolofPublicHealth.??Thestudyidentifiesthe differencesbetweenmaleandfemalepilotsintermsofcircumstancesofthe crashandthetypeofpilotserrorinvolved.Crashesofgeneralaviation aircraftaccountfor85percentofallaviationdeathsintheUnitedStates.The crashrateformalepilotsasformotorvehicledriversexceedsthatof crashesoffemalepilotsexplainsSusanP.BakerMPHprofessorofhealth policyandmanagementattheBloombergSchoolofPublicHealth.Becausepilot youthandinexperienceareestablishedcontributorstoaviationcrasheswe focusedononlymaturepilotstodeterminethegenderdifferencesinthe reasonsforthecrash.??Theresearchersextracteddataforthis studyfromalargeresearchprojectonpilotagingandflightsafety.Thedata weregatheredfromgeneralaviationcrashesofairplanesandheIicoptersbetween 1983and1997involving144femalepilotsand267malepilotsaged40-63. Femalepilotswerematchedwithmalepilotsina1:2ratiobyageclassesof medicalandpilotcertificatesstateorareaofcrashandyearofcrash.Then thecircumstancesofthecrashesandthepiloterrorinvolvedwerecategorized andcodedwithoutknowledgeofpilotgender.??Theresearchers foundthatlossofcontrolonlandingortakeoffwasthemostcommon circumstanceforbothsexesleadingto59percentoffemalepi.lots’crashes and36percentofmales’.Experiencingmechanicalfailurerunningoutoffuel andland!ngtheplanewiththelandinggearupwereamongthefactorsmore likelywithmaleswhilestallingwasmorelikelywithfemales.? ?Themajorityofthecrashes—95percentforfemalesand88percentfor males—involvedatleastonetypeofpiloterror.Mishandlingaircraftkinetics wasthemostcommonerrorforbothsexesbutwasmorecommonamongfemales accountingfor81percentofthecrashesthanmalesaccountingfor48 percent.Maleshoweverappearedmorelikelytobeguiltyofpoor decision-makingrisk-takingandinattentivenessexamplesofwhichinclude misjudgingweatherandvisibilityorflyinganaircraftwithaknowndefect. Femalesthoughmorelikelytomishandleorlosecontroloftheaircraftwere generallymorecarefulthantheirmalecounterparts.?? inattentionn.疏忽??aviationn.航空??flawedadj. 有缺陷的??mishandlev.瞎弄乱处理??MPHMasterofPublic Health公共卫生硕士??mnoutv.耗尽用完??stalllv.飞机失速 发动机熄火??kineticsn.动力学Inthecomparisonoffemaleandmalepilots______.
Themailwasdelayedforaweekbecauseoftheflood.
{{*HTML*}}{{B}}第三篇{{/B}} ??????? ?{{B}}MaleandFemalePilotsCauseAccidentsDifferently{{/B}}? ?MalepilotsflyinggeneralaviationprivateaircraftintheUnited Statesaremorelikelytocrashduetoinattentionorflaweddecision-making. Whilefemalepilotsaremorelikelytocrashfrommishandlingtheaircraft. ThesearetheresultsofastudybyresearchersattheJohnsHopkinsUniversity BloombergSchoolofPublicHealth.??Thestudyidentifiesthe differencesbetweenmaleandfemalepilotsintermsofcircumstancesofthe crashandthetypeofpilotserrorinvolved.Crashesofgeneralaviation aircraftaccountfor85percentofallaviationdeathsintheUnitedStates.The crashrateformalepilotsasformotorvehicledriversexceedsthatof crashesoffemalepilotsexplainsSusanP.BakerMPHprofessorofhealth policyandmanagementattheBloombergSchoolofPublicHealth.Becausepilot youthandinexperienceareestablishedcontributorstoaviationcrasheswe focusedononlymaturepilotstodeterminethegenderdifferencesinthe reasonsforthecrash.??Theresearchersextracteddataforthis studyfromalargeresearchprojectonpilotagingandflightsafety.Thedata weregatheredfromgeneralaviationcrashesofairplanesandheIicoptersbetween 1983and1997involving144femalepilotsand267malepilotsaged40-63. Femalepilotswerematchedwithmalepilotsina1:2ratiobyageclassesof medicalandpilotcertificatesstateorareaofcrashandyearofcrash.Then thecircumstancesofthecrashesandthepiloterrorinvolvedwerecategorized andcodedwithoutknowledgeofpilotgender.??Theresearchers foundthatlossofcontrolonlandingortakeoffwasthemostcommon circumstanceforbothsexesleadingto59percentoffemalepi.lots’crashes and36percentofmales’.Experiencingmechanicalfailurerunningoutoffuel andland!ngtheplanewiththelandinggearupwereamongthefactorsmore likelywithmaleswhilestallingwasmorelikelywithfemales.? ?Themajorityofthecrashes—95percentforfemalesand88percentfor males—involvedatleastonetypeofpiloterror.Mishandlingaircraftkinetics wasthemostcommonerrorforbothsexesbutwasmorecommonamongfemales accountingfor81percentofthecrashesthanmalesaccountingfor48 percent.Maleshoweverappearedmorelikelytobeguiltyofpoor decision-makingrisk-takingandinattentivenessexamplesofwhichinclude misjudgingweatherandvisibilityorflyinganaircraftwithaknowndefect. Femalesthoughmorelikelytomishandleorlosecontroloftheaircraftwere generallymorecarefulthantheirmalecounterparts.?? inattentionn.疏忽??aviationn.航空??flawedadj. 有缺陷的??mishandlev.瞎弄乱处理??MPHMasterofPublic Health公共卫生硕士??mnoutv.耗尽用完??stalllv.飞机失速 发动机熄火??kineticsn.动力学Howdidtheresearcherscarryouttheirstudy?
Hisnewgirlfriendomittedtotellhimthatshewasmarried.
TheAttitudeForComputers AsDr.SamuelJohnsonsaidinadifferenteraaboutladiespreachingthesurprisingthingaboutcomputersisnotthattheythinklesswellthanamanbutthattheythinkatall.Theearlyelectroniccomputerdidnothavemuchgoingforitexceptamarvelousmemoryandsomegoodmathskills.Buttodaythebestmodelscanbewireduptolearnbyexperiencefollowanargumentaskproperquestionsandwritepoetryandmusic.Theycanalsocarryonsomewhatpuzzlingconversations. Computersimitatelife.Ascomputersgetmorecompletetheimitationgetsbetter.Finallythelinebetweentheoriginalandthecopybecomesunclear.Inanother15yearsorsowewillseethecomputerasanewformoflife. Theopinionseemsridiculousbecauseforonethingcomputerslackthedrivesandemotionsoflivingcreatures.Butdrivescanbeprogrammedintothecomputer’’sbrainjustasnatureprogrammedthemintoourhumanbrainsasapartoftheequipmentforsurvival. Computersmatchpeopleinsomerolesandwhenfastdecisionsareneededinacrisistheyoftensurpassthem.Havingevolvedwhenthepaceoflifewasslowerthehumanbrainhasaninherentdefectthatpreventsitfromabsorbingseveralstreamsofinformationsimultaneouslyandactingonthemquickly.Throwtoomanythingsatthebrainatonetimeanditfreezesup. Wearestillincontrolbutthecapabilitiesofcomputersareincreasingatafantasticratewhilerawhumanintelligenceischangingslowlyifatall.Computerpowerhasincreasedtentimeseveryeightyearssince1946.Inthe1990swhenthesixthgenerationappearsthereasoningpowerofanintelligencebuiltoutofsiliconwillbegintomatchthatofthehumanbrain. Thatdoesnotmeantheevolutionofintelligencehasendedontheearth.Judgingbythepastwecanexpectthatanewspecieswillariseoutofmansurpassinghisachievementsashehassurpassedthoseofhispredecessor.Onlyacarbonchemistryenthusiastwouldassumethatthespeciesmustbeman’’sflesh-and-blooddescendants.Thenewkindofintelligentlifeismorelikelytobemadeofsilicon. Somedayitwillbedifficulttotellacomputerfromaman.
热门题库
更多
理工类
卫生类
综合类
国际货运代理师
报关水平测试
报检员
物流员(四级)
助理物流师(三级)
物流师(二级)
高级物流师(一级)
物流案例分析
单证员基础理论与知识
单证员缮制与操作
国际货运代理理论与实务
外贸综合业务
外贸外语
湘公网安备 43130202000226号