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{{*HTML*}}{{B}}第三篇{{/B}} {{B}}??????? ??????????? ???????IQ-gene{{/B}}??In theangrydebateoverhowmuchofIQcomesfromthegenesthatchildreninherit fromparentsandhowmuchcomesfromexperiencesonelittlefactgets overlooked:noonehasidentifiedanygenesotherthanthosethatcause retardationthataffectintelligence.SoresearchersledbyRobertPlominof London’sInstituteofPsychiatrydecidedtolookforsome.Theyfiguredthatif youwanttofindasmartgeneyoushouldlookinsmartkids.Theytherefore examinedtheDNAofstudentslikethosewhoaresobrightthattheytakecollege entranceexamsfouryearsearly--andstillscoreatPrinceton--caliberlevels. Thescientistsfoundwhattheysought.WehavesaysPlominthefirst specificgeneeverassociatedwithgeneralintelligence.? ?Plomin’scolleaguesdrewbloodfromtwogroupsof51childreneachall6 to15yearsoldandlivinginsixcountiesaroundCleveland.Inonegroupthe averageIQis103.Allthechildrenarewhite.Isolatingthebloodcellsthe researchersthenexaminedeachchild’schromosome6ofthe37landmarkson chromosome6thattheresearcherslookedforonejumpedout:aformofgene calledIGF2Roccurredintwiceasmanychildreninthehigh-IQgroupasinthe averagegroup--32percentversus16percent.ThestudyintheMayissueofthe journalPsychologicalScienceconcludesthatitisthisformoftheIGF2Rgene thatcontributestointelligence.Somegeneticistsseemajorproblemswiththe IQ-genestudy.OneisthepossibilitythatPlomin’sgroupfellforchopsticks fallacy.Geneticistsmightthinkthey’vefoundageneforchopsticks flexibilitybutallthey’vereallyfoundisagenemorecommoninAsiansthan sayAfricans.SimilarlyPlomin’sIQgenemightsimplybeonethatismore commoningroupsmatemphasizeacademicachievement.Whatisthegenethat they’vefoundreflectsethnicity?asksgeneticistAndrewFeinbergofJohns HopkinsUniversity.ThatalonemightexplainthelinktointelligencesinceIQ testsareknownforbeingculturallysensitiveandaffectedbyachild’s environment.AndNeilRischofStandfordUniversitypointsoutthatifyoulook for37genesonachromosomeastheresearchersdidandfindthatoneismore commoninsmarterkidsthatmightreflectpurechanceratherthanacausallink betweenthegeneandintelligence.WarnsFeinbergIwouldtakethesefindings withawholeboxofsalt.Ageneforchopsticksflexibilityisfoundtobe______.
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{{*HTML*}}{{B}}第三篇{{/B}} {{B}}??????? ??????????? ???????IQ-gene{{/B}}??In theangrydebateoverhowmuchofIQcomesfromthegenesthatchildreninherit fromparentsandhowmuchcomesfromexperiencesonelittlefactgets overlooked:noonehasidentifiedanygenesotherthanthosethatcause retardationthataffectintelligence.SoresearchersledbyRobertPlominof London’sInstituteofPsychiatrydecidedtolookforsome.Theyfiguredthatif youwanttofindasmartgeneyoushouldlookinsmartkids.Theytherefore examinedtheDNAofstudentslikethosewhoaresobrightthattheytakecollege entranceexamsfouryearsearly--andstillscoreatPrinceton--caliberlevels. Thescientistsfoundwhattheysought.WehavesaysPlominthefirst specificgeneeverassociatedwithgeneralintelligence.? ?Plomin’scolleaguesdrewbloodfromtwogroupsof51childreneachall6 to15yearsoldandlivinginsixcountiesaroundCleveland.Inonegroupthe averageIQis103.Allthechildrenarewhite.Isolatingthebloodcellsthe researchersthenexaminedeachchild’schromosome6ofthe37landmarkson chromosome6thattheresearcherslookedforonejumpedout:aformofgene calledIGF2Roccurredintwiceasmanychildreninthehigh-IQgroupasinthe averagegroup--32percentversus16percent.ThestudyintheMayissueofthe journalPsychologicalScienceconcludesthatitisthisformoftheIGF2Rgene thatcontributestointelligence.Somegeneticistsseemajorproblemswiththe IQ-genestudy.OneisthepossibilitythatPlomin’sgroupfellforchopsticks fallacy.Geneticistsmightthinkthey’vefoundageneforchopsticks flexibilitybutallthey’vereallyfoundisagenemorecommoninAsiansthan sayAfricans.SimilarlyPlomin’sIQgenemightsimplybeonethatismore commoningroupsmatemphasizeacademicachievement.Whatisthegenethat they’vefoundreflectsethnicity?asksgeneticistAndrewFeinbergofJohns HopkinsUniversity.ThatalonemightexplainthelinktointelligencesinceIQ testsareknownforbeingculturallysensitiveandaffectedbyachild’s environment.AndNeilRischofStandfordUniversitypointsoutthatifyoulook for37genesonachromosomeastheresearchersdidandfindthatoneismore commoninsmarterkidsthatmightreflectpurechanceratherthanacausallink betweenthegeneandintelligence.WarnsFeinbergIwouldtakethesefindings withawholeboxofsalt.Inthebeginningofparagraphonewearetoldthatscientistscannotagree______.
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{{*HTML*}}{{B}}第二篇{{/B}} {{B}}??????? ??????????? ??ElectronicMail{{/B}}??Duringthepastfewyears scientisttheworldoverhavesuddenlyfoundthemselvesproductivelyengagedin tasktheyoncespenttheirlivesavoiding-writinganykindofwritingbut particularlyletterwriting.Encouragedbyelectronicmail’ssurprisinglyhigh speedconvenienceandeconomypeoplewhoneverbeforetouchedthestuffare regularlyskillfullyevencheerfullytappingoutagreatdealof correspondence.??Electronicnetworkswovenintothefabricof scientificcommunicationthesedaysaretheroutetocolleaguesindistant countiesshareddatabulletinboardsandelectronicjournals.Anyonewitha personalcomputeramodemandthesoftwaretolinkcomputersovertelephone linescansignon.Anestimatedfivemillionscientistshavedonesowithmore joiningeverydaymostofthemcommunicatingthroughabundleofinterconnected domesticandforeignroutesknowncollectivelyastheinternetornet.? ?E-mailisstaringtoedgeoutthefaxthetelephoneovernightmailand ofcourselandmail.Itshrinkstimeanddistancebetweenscientific collaboratorsinpar[becauseitisconvenientlyasynchronouswriterscantype whiletheircolleaguesacrosstimezonessleep;theirmessagewillbewaiting. Ifitisnotyetspeedingdiscoveriesitiscertainlyaccelerating communication.??JeremyBernsteithephysicistandscience writeroncecalledE-mailthephysicist’sumbilicalcord.Latelyotherpeople toohavebeendiscoveringitsconnectivevirtues.Physicistsareusingit; collegestudentsareusingiteverybodyisusingitandasasignthatithas comeofagetheNewYorkerhasacceleratesitsliberatingpresencewitha cartoon--anappreciativedogseatedatakeyboardsayinghappilyOnthe Internetnobodyknowsyou’readog.WhatdoesthesentenceOntheInternetnobodyknowsyou’readog.implyinthelastparagraph?
{{*HTML*}}? ?阅读下面这篇短文短文后列出了7个句子请根据短文的内容对每个句子作出判断如果该句提供的是正确信息请选择A项如果该句提供的错误信息请选择B项如果该句的信息文章中没有提及请选择C项 {{B}}??????? ??????????? ??TanningParlorsTakeHeat{{/B}}??Peoplewhoseeka glamoroustanthroughsunlampsmaydoubletheirriskofdevelopingCommon ?typesofskincanceraccordingtoanewstudythatfoundtheriskwas highestforthosewhostartatayoungage.??Thestudyappearing inthelatestissueofJournaloftheUSNationalCancerInstituteconcluded ?thatpeoplewhousetanningdeviceswere1.5to2.5timesmorelikelyto havecommonkindsofskincancerthanwerepeoplewhodidnotusethedevices. ??Thestudyconfirmedwhatdoctorshavelongsuspected-thatsunlamp useincreasestheriskofbasalcellandsquamouscellskincancerssaid MargaretR.Karagasfirstauthorofthestudy.??Eithergoingto thetanningparlororgettinganinfrequentsunburncanseriouslydamagethe skinsaidDr.JamesSpencervicechairmanofthedepartmentofdermatologyat MountHospitalbutthesmallday-to-dayexposureisworsefortheskininthe longrun.??JosephA.LevyvicepresidentoftheInternational SmartTanNetworkhoweversaidoccasional?sunburnisariskfactorin allformsofskincancerandintermittentsunburniswhatthetanningindustry istryingtostop.’??InthestudyKaragasandhercolleagues interviewed603basalcellskincancerpatientsand293withsquamouscellskin cancer.Theytalkedto540controlsubjectswhodidnothaveeithertypeofskin cancer.??About1millionAmericansarediagnosedannuallywith skincancer.Amongthoseskincancerpatientsabout80percentarewithbasal cellskincancer16percentwithsquamouscellskincancerand4percentwith melanoma-themostseriousformofskincancers.Backtotheinterviewed patients190reportedthattheyhadusedtanningdevicesatsometime.Inthe controlgroupsonly75hadusedsuchdevices.Karagassaidastatistical analysisshowsthatthosewhousedtanningequipmentwere2.5timesmorelikely togetsquamouscellskincancerthanthosewhohadnotusedthedevices.For basalcellcancertheriskwas1.5timesgreater.??Theriskwas highestforthosewhofirstusedthetanningdevicesbeforetheageof20said Karagas.Forthisgroupthesquamouscellcancerriskwas3.6timesgreater thanthatofthecontrolswhilethebasalcellcancerriskwas1.3times greater.Thepassagementionsthreeformsofskincancersofwhichsquamouscellskincanceristhemostdangerous.
{{*HTML*}}? ?下面有3篇短文每篇短文后有5道题每道题后面有4个选项请仔细阅读短文并根据短文内容回答其后面的问题从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案{{B}}第一篇{{/B}} {{B}}??????? ?????????EarlyorLaterDay Care{{/B}}??TheBritishpsychoanalystJohnBowlbymaintainsthat separationfromtheparentsduringthesensitiveattachmentperiodfrombirth tothreemayscarachild’spersonalityandpredisposetoemotionalproblemsin laterlife.SomepeoplehavedrawntheconclusionfromBowlby’sworkthat childrenshouldnotbesubjectedtodaycarebeforetheageofthreebecauseof theparentalseparationitentailsandmanypeopledobelievethis.Butthere arealsoargumentsagainstsuchastrongconclusion.??Firstly anthropologistspointoutthattheinsulatedloveaffairbetweenchildrenand parentsfoundinmodemsocietiesdoesnotusuallyexistintraditional societies.ForexampleinsometribalsocietiessuchastheNgonithefather andmotherofachilddidnotreartheirinfantalone--farfromit.Secondly commonsensetellsusthatdaycarewouldnotbesowidespreadtodayifparents care-takersfoundchildrenhadproblemswithit.Statisticalstudiesofthis kindhavenotyetbeencardedoutandeveniftheyweretheresultswouldbe certaintobecomplicatedandcontroversial.Thirdlyinthelastdecadethere havebeenanumberofcarefulAmericanstudiesofchildrenindaycareandthey haveuniformlyreportedthatdaycarehadaneutralorslightlypositiveeffect onchildren’sdevelopment.Butteststhathavehadtobeusedtomeasurethis developmentarenotwidelyenoughacceptedtosettletheissue.? ?ButBowlby’sanalysisraisesthepossibilitythatearlydaycarehas delayedeffects.Thepossibilitythatsuchcaremightleadtosaymoremental illnessorcrime15or20yearslatercanonlybeexploredbytheuseof statistics.Whateverthelong-termeffectsparentssometimesfindtheimmediate effectsdifficulttodealwith.Childrenunderthreearelikelytoprotestat leavingtheirparentsandshowunhappiness.Attheageofthreeorthreeanda halfalmostallchildrenfindthetransitiontonurseryeasyandthisis undoubtedlywhymoreandmoreparentsmakeuseofchildcareatthistime.The matterthenisfarfromclear-cutthoughexperienceandavailableevidence indicatethatearlycareisreasonablefor infants.WhichofthefollowingstatementswouldBowlbysupport?
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{{*HTML*}}??阅读下面的短文文中有15处空白每处空白给出了4个选项请根据短文的内容从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案 {{B}}??????? ??????ScientistsDevelopWaysofDetecting HeartAttack{{/B}}??Germanresearchershave{{U}}?1 ?{{/U}}anewgenerationofdefibrillatorsandearlywarningsoftwareaimedat offeringheartpatientsgreaterprotection{{U}}?2?{{/U}}suddendeath fromcardiacarrest.??InGermanyalonearound100000peopledie annuallyasaresultofcardiacarrestandmanyofthesecases{{U}}?3 ?{{/U}}bydisruptiontotheheart’srhythm.ThosemostatriskarePatients whohave{{U}}?4?{{/U}}sufferedaheartattackandforyearstheuseof defibrillatorshasprovedusefulindiagnosing{{U}}?5 ?{{/U}}disruptionstoheartrhythmsandcorrectingthemautomaticallyby interveningwithinseconds.Thesedevices{{U}}?6?{{/U}}arangeof functionssuchasthatofpacemaker.??Heartspecialistsat Freiburg’sUniversityClinichavenowachievedabreakthroughwithallimplanted defibrillator{{U}}?7?{{/U}}ofgeneratingasix-channel electrocardiogramECGwithinthebody.Thisintegratedsystemallowsearly diagnosisof{{U}}?8?{{/U}}blood-flowproblemsandapendingheart attack.Itwillbeimplantedinpatientsforthefirsttimethisyear. MeanwhileresearchersattheFraunhoferInstituteforAppliedMathematicsin Kaiserslauternhavedevelopednewcomputersoftwarethatrenderstheevaluation ofECGdata{{U}}?9?{{/U}}.??Theoverwhelming{{U}} ?10?{{/U}}ofpatientsatriskwillnothaveanimplanted defibrillatorandmustforthisreasonundergoregularECGs.Manyofthe currentprogramsonly{{U}}?11?{{/U}}intoaccountalinearcorrelation ofthedata.Wearehowevermakinguse{{U}}?12?{{/U}}anon-linear processthatrevealsthechaoticpatternsofheartbeatsasanopenandcomplex system.HagenKnafsays.{{U}}?13?{{/U}}changesintheheartbeats overtimecanbemonitoredandindividualvariationsinpatientstakeninto account.AnoldstudyofECGdatabased{{U}}?14?{{/U}}600Patients whohadsufferedasubsequentheartattackenabledtheresearcherstocompare risksandtoshow{{U}}?15?{{/U}}thenewsoftwareevaluatesthedata considerablybetter.
{{*HTML*}}? ?阅读下面这篇短文短文后列出了7个句子请根据短文的内容对每个句子作出判断如果该句提供的是正确信息请选择A项如果该句提供的错误信息请选择B项如果该句的信息文章中没有提及请选择C项 {{B}}??????? ??????????? ??TanningParlorsTakeHeat{{/B}}??Peoplewhoseeka glamoroustanthroughsunlampsmaydoubletheirriskofdevelopingCommon ?typesofskincanceraccordingtoanewstudythatfoundtheriskwas highestforthosewhostartatayoungage.??Thestudyappearing inthelatestissueofJournaloftheUSNationalCancerInstituteconcluded ?thatpeoplewhousetanningdeviceswere1.5to2.5timesmorelikelyto havecommonkindsofskincancerthanwerepeoplewhodidnotusethedevices. ??Thestudyconfirmedwhatdoctorshavelongsuspected-thatsunlamp useincreasestheriskofbasalcellandsquamouscellskincancerssaid MargaretR.Karagasfirstauthorofthestudy.??Eithergoingto thetanningparlororgettinganinfrequentsunburncanseriouslydamagethe skinsaidDr.JamesSpencervicechairmanofthedepartmentofdermatologyat MountHospitalbutthesmallday-to-dayexposureisworsefortheskininthe longrun.??JosephA.LevyvicepresidentoftheInternational SmartTanNetworkhoweversaidoccasional?sunburnisariskfactorin allformsofskincancerandintermittentsunburniswhatthetanningindustry istryingtostop.’??InthestudyKaragasandhercolleagues interviewed603basalcellskincancerpatientsand293withsquamouscellskin cancer.Theytalkedto540controlsubjectswhodidnothaveeithertypeofskin cancer.??About1millionAmericansarediagnosedannuallywith skincancer.Amongthoseskincancerpatientsabout80percentarewithbasal cellskincancer16percentwithsquamouscellskincancerand4percentwith melanoma-themostseriousformofskincancers.Backtotheinterviewed patients190reportedthattheyhadusedtanningdevicesatsometime.Inthe controlgroupsonly75hadusedsuchdevices.Karagassaidastatistical analysisshowsthatthosewhousedtanningequipmentwere2.5timesmorelikely togetsquamouscellskincancerthanthosewhohadnotusedthedevices.For basalcellcancertheriskwas1.5timesgreater.??Theriskwas highestforthosewhofirstusedthetanningdevicesbeforetheageof20said Karagas.Forthisgroupthesquamouscellcancerriskwas3.6timesgreater thanthatofthecontrolswhilethebasalcellcancerriskwas1.3times greater.Karagasreportedherresearchresultsbasingoninterviewswithagroupofskincancerpatientsandacontrolgroupofpeoplewithnoskincancers.
{{*HTML*}}??阅读下面这篇短文短文后有2项测试任务11～4题要求从所给的6个选项中为第 2～5段每段选择1个正确的小标题2第5～8题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确的选项分别完成每个句子请将答案写在相应的位置上 {{B}}?????????? ?OptimistsReallyDoLiveLongerSayScientists{{/B}}??1.For thephilosopherArthurSchopenhaueroptimismwasfundamentallywrongbanaland corruptingwhilethefatherofpsychoanalysisSigmundFreudsimplydeclaredit tobeneurotic.??2.Experienceshowsthatlookingonthebright sideoflifedoeshaveadvantagesandrecentscientificevidencepointstothe positivemindset思想倾向asbeingbeneficialtohealth.Inotherwordsoptimists livelonger.??3.Thatwastheconclusionreachedbyexpertsat theMayoClinicintheUSStateofMinnesotawhoevaluatedanswersgivenby peopletoasetofquestionsinthe1960s.Ofthe729candidates200haddied andaccordingtoscientiststherewereadisproportionatenumberofpessimists amongthem.??4.Thepointsmoreonthepessimismscale-thatwas thedifferencebetweenslightlypessimisticandaveragelypessimistic-were enoughtoboostaperson’schancesofdyingby19percentaccordingtothe studybyprominentpsychologistMartinSeligmanoftheUniversityof Pennsylvania.??5.Thestudydoesnotsaywhypessimistsdiebut anoldersurveytakenamongchildreninSanFranciscoandLosAngelesmakes itclearthatpersonalattitudetowardstheworldisakeyfactorinthe longevityequation.??6.Thelatestevidencetosupportthetheory thatoptimiststendtocopebetterwithillnessofallkindshasbeenprovided byprofessorRalfSchwarzerofBerlin’sFreeUniversitywhoquestioned600heart andlungpatients.Hisconclusion:optimistsrecovermoreswiftlyfrom operationsthantheirpessimisticcounterpartstendtobehappierafter treatmentandreturntoworkmoreswiftly.??7.Therehavebeen suggestionsthatoptimistsdonotstayhealthierbutratherturnintooptimists laterbecausetheyenjoygoodhealth.Numeroussurveyshavetakenintoaccounta person’sstateofhealthattheoutset最初andtheeffectremainsthe same.??8.Studieshaveshownthatoptimistsdonotblind themselvestorealityeither.Theythusinterpretitinapositiveway. Sublimatingvi.升华anddenyingthingstendtoalterrealitybutillusionsare awayofseeingrealityinthebestlightsaidCalifornia.??9. GermansciencejournalBildderWissenschaftwhichcarriesamajorarticleon thetopicinitscurrentMarchissuecommentedontherightattitudeto havingatumor.??10.Itseemspsychotherapycangosomeway towardsextendingthelifespanandlifequalityofasickpersonalthougha completerecoveryusingpsychologicaltechniquealoneisunlikely.? ?11.DoctorslikehowevertopointtotheexampleofUScycling professionalLanceArmstrongwhowasseriouslyillwithcancerbutwhose unshakeableoptimismhelpedhimtotakethetoptrophytwiceatcycling’s premiersTourdeFrance.??12.Themagazinealsoquotedastudyby SheldonCohensoftheCaregieMellonUniversityinPittsburgh:420volunteers weredeliberatelyinfectedwithstrainsofvariouscommoncoldviruses.Aday latercheckswerecarriedouttoseewhohadcaughtacold.??13. Theresultsshowedthatinthecaseofpeoplewhohadsatisfactorylong-term relationswithfriendsneighborsorcolleaguestheviruswaslesslikelyto triggeracold.Ofpeoplewiththreeoffewerfirmrelationships62percent becameillcomparedwithonly35percentofthosewhohadsixormoreclose humanlinks.Paragraph7______.
{{*HTML*}}??阅读下面的短文文中有15处空白每处空白给出了4个选项请根据短文的内容从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案 {{B}}??????? ??????ScientistsDevelopWaysofDetecting HeartAttack{{/B}}??Germanresearchershave{{U}}?1 ?{{/U}}anewgenerationofdefibrillatorsandearlywarningsoftwareaimedat offeringheartpatientsgreaterprotection{{U}}?2?{{/U}}suddendeath fromcardiacarrest.??InGermanyalonearound100000peopledie annuallyasaresultofcardiacarrestandmanyofthesecases{{U}}?3 ?{{/U}}bydisruptiontotheheart’srhythm.ThosemostatriskarePatients whohave{{U}}?4?{{/U}}sufferedaheartattackandforyearstheuseof defibrillatorshasprovedusefulindiagnosing{{U}}?5 ?{{/U}}disruptionstoheartrhythmsandcorrectingthemautomaticallyby interveningwithinseconds.Thesedevices{{U}}?6?{{/U}}arangeof functionssuchasthatofpacemaker.??Heartspecialistsat Freiburg’sUniversityClinichavenowachievedabreakthroughwithallimplanted defibrillator{{U}}?7?{{/U}}ofgeneratingasix-channel electrocardiogramECGwithinthebody.Thisintegratedsystemallowsearly diagnosisof{{U}}?8?{{/U}}blood-flowproblemsandapendingheart attack.Itwillbeimplantedinpatientsforthefirsttimethisyear. MeanwhileresearchersattheFraunhoferInstituteforAppliedMathematicsin Kaiserslauternhavedevelopednewcomputersoftwarethatrenderstheevaluation ofECGdata{{U}}?9?{{/U}}.??Theoverwhelming{{U}} ?10?{{/U}}ofpatientsatriskwillnothaveanimplanted defibrillatorandmustforthisreasonundergoregularECGs.Manyofthe currentprogramsonly{{U}}?11?{{/U}}intoaccountalinearcorrelation ofthedata.Wearehowevermakinguse{{U}}?12?{{/U}}anon-linear processthatrevealsthechaoticpatternsofheartbeatsasanopenandcomplex system.HagenKnafsays.{{U}}?13?{{/U}}changesintheheartbeats overtimecanbemonitoredandindividualvariationsinpatientstakeninto account.AnoldstudyofECGdatabased{{U}}?14?{{/U}}600Patients whohadsufferedasubsequentheartattackenabledtheresearcherstocompare risksandtoshow{{U}}?15?{{/U}}thenewsoftwareevaluatesthedata considerablybetter.
{{*HTML*}}??阅读下面这篇短文短文后有2项测试任务11～4题要求从所给的6个选项中为第 2～5段每段选择1个正确的小标题2第5～8题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确的选项分别完成每个句子请将答案写在相应的位置上 {{B}}?????????? ?OptimistsReallyDoLiveLongerSayScientists{{/B}}??1.For thephilosopherArthurSchopenhaueroptimismwasfundamentallywrongbanaland corruptingwhilethefatherofpsychoanalysisSigmundFreudsimplydeclaredit tobeneurotic.??2.Experienceshowsthatlookingonthebright sideoflifedoeshaveadvantagesandrecentscientificevidencepointstothe positivemindset思想倾向asbeingbeneficialtohealth.Inotherwordsoptimists livelonger.??3.Thatwastheconclusionreachedbyexpertsat theMayoClinicintheUSStateofMinnesotawhoevaluatedanswersgivenby peopletoasetofquestionsinthe1960s.Ofthe729candidates200haddied andaccordingtoscientiststherewereadisproportionatenumberofpessimists amongthem.??4.Thepointsmoreonthepessimismscale-thatwas thedifferencebetweenslightlypessimisticandaveragelypessimistic-were enoughtoboostaperson’schancesofdyingby19percentaccordingtothe studybyprominentpsychologistMartinSeligmanoftheUniversityof Pennsylvania.??5.Thestudydoesnotsaywhypessimistsdiebut anoldersurveytakenamongchildreninSanFranciscoandLosAngelesmakes itclearthatpersonalattitudetowardstheworldisakeyfactorinthe longevityequation.??6.Thelatestevidencetosupportthetheory thatoptimiststendtocopebetterwithillnessofallkindshasbeenprovided byprofessorRalfSchwarzerofBerlin’sFreeUniversitywhoquestioned600heart andlungpatients.Hisconclusion:optimistsrecovermoreswiftlyfrom operationsthantheirpessimisticcounterpartstendtobehappierafter treatmentandreturntoworkmoreswiftly.??7.Therehavebeen suggestionsthatoptimistsdonotstayhealthierbutratherturnintooptimists laterbecausetheyenjoygoodhealth.Numeroussurveyshavetakenintoaccounta person’sstateofhealthattheoutset最初andtheeffectremainsthe same.??8.Studieshaveshownthatoptimistsdonotblind themselvestorealityeither.Theythusinterpretitinapositiveway. Sublimatingvi.升华anddenyingthingstendtoalterrealitybutillusionsare awayofseeingrealityinthebestlightsaidCalifornia.??9. GermansciencejournalBildderWissenschaftwhichcarriesamajorarticleon thetopicinitscurrentMarchissuecommentedontherightattitudeto havingatumor.??10.Itseemspsychotherapycangosomeway towardsextendingthelifespanandlifequalityofasickpersonalthougha completerecoveryusingpsychologicaltechniquealoneisunlikely.? ?11.DoctorslikehowevertopointtotheexampleofUScycling professionalLanceArmstrongwhowasseriouslyillwithcancerbutwhose unshakeableoptimismhelpedhimtotakethetoptrophytwiceatcycling’s premiersTourdeFrance.??12.Themagazinealsoquotedastudyby SheldonCohensoftheCaregieMellonUniversityinPittsburgh:420volunteers weredeliberatelyinfectedwithstrainsofvariouscommoncoldviruses.Aday latercheckswerecarriedouttoseewhohadcaughtacold.??13. Theresultsshowedthatinthecaseofpeoplewhohadsatisfactorylong-term relationswithfriendsneighborsorcolleaguestheviruswaslesslikelyto triggeracold.Ofpeoplewiththreeoffewerfirmrelationships62percent becameillcomparedwithonly35percentofthosewhohadsixormoreclose humanlinks.Anoptimistdoesn’tnecessarilytry______.
{{*HTML*}}? ?下面有3篇短文每篇短文后有5道题每道题后面有4个选项请仔细阅读短文并根据短文内容回答其后面的问题从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案{{B}}第一篇{{/B}} {{B}}??????? ?????????EarlyorLaterDay Care{{/B}}??TheBritishpsychoanalystJohnBowlbymaintainsthat separationfromtheparentsduringthesensitiveattachmentperiodfrombirth tothreemayscarachild’spersonalityandpredisposetoemotionalproblemsin laterlife.SomepeoplehavedrawntheconclusionfromBowlby’sworkthat childrenshouldnotbesubjectedtodaycarebeforetheageofthreebecauseof theparentalseparationitentailsandmanypeopledobelievethis.Butthere arealsoargumentsagainstsuchastrongconclusion.??Firstly anthropologistspointoutthattheinsulatedloveaffairbetweenchildrenand parentsfoundinmodemsocietiesdoesnotusuallyexistintraditional societies.ForexampleinsometribalsocietiessuchastheNgonithefather andmotherofachilddidnotreartheirinfantalone--farfromit.Secondly commonsensetellsusthatdaycarewouldnotbesowidespreadtodayifparents care-takersfoundchildrenhadproblemswithit.Statisticalstudiesofthis kindhavenotyetbeencardedoutandeveniftheyweretheresultswouldbe certaintobecomplicatedandcontroversial.Thirdlyinthelastdecadethere havebeenanumberofcarefulAmericanstudiesofchildrenindaycareandthey haveuniformlyreportedthatdaycarehadaneutralorslightlypositiveeffect onchildren’sdevelopment.Butteststhathavehadtobeusedtomeasurethis developmentarenotwidelyenoughacceptedtosettletheissue.? ?ButBowlby’sanalysisraisesthepossibilitythatearlydaycarehas delayedeffects.Thepossibilitythatsuchcaremightleadtosaymoremental illnessorcrime15or20yearslatercanonlybeexploredbytheuseof statistics.Whateverthelong-termeffectsparentssometimesfindtheimmediate effectsdifficulttodealwith.Childrenunderthreearelikelytoprotestat leavingtheirparentsandshowunhappiness.Attheageofthreeorthreeanda halfalmostallchildrenfindthetransitiontonurseryeasyandthisis undoubtedlywhymoreandmoreparentsmakeuseofchildcareatthistime.The matterthenisfarfromclear-cutthoughexperienceandavailableevidence indicatethatearlycareisreasonablefor infants.Whichofthefollowingbestexpressesthewriter’sattitudetowardsearlydaycare?
{{*HTML*}}??阅读下面的短文文中有15处空白每处空白给出了4个选项请根据短文的内容从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案 {{B}}??????? ??????ScientistsDevelopWaysofDetecting HeartAttack{{/B}}??Germanresearchershave{{U}}?1 ?{{/U}}anewgenerationofdefibrillatorsandearlywarningsoftwareaimedat offeringheartpatientsgreaterprotection{{U}}?2?{{/U}}suddendeath fromcardiacarrest.??InGermanyalonearound100000peopledie annuallyasaresultofcardiacarrestandmanyofthesecases{{U}}?3 ?{{/U}}bydisruptiontotheheart’srhythm.ThosemostatriskarePatients whohave{{U}}?4?{{/U}}sufferedaheartattackandforyearstheuseof defibrillatorshasprovedusefulindiagnosing{{U}}?5 ?{{/U}}disruptionstoheartrhythmsandcorrectingthemautomaticallyby interveningwithinseconds.Thesedevices{{U}}?6?{{/U}}arangeof functionssuchasthatofpacemaker.??Heartspecialistsat Freiburg’sUniversityClinichavenowachievedabreakthroughwithallimplanted defibrillator{{U}}?7?{{/U}}ofgeneratingasix-channel electrocardiogramECGwithinthebody.Thisintegratedsystemallowsearly diagnosisof{{U}}?8?{{/U}}blood-flowproblemsandapendingheart attack.Itwillbeimplantedinpatientsforthefirsttimethisyear. MeanwhileresearchersattheFraunhoferInstituteforAppliedMathematicsin Kaiserslauternhavedevelopednewcomputersoftwarethatrenderstheevaluation ofECGdata{{U}}?9?{{/U}}.??Theoverwhelming{{U}} ?10?{{/U}}ofpatientsatriskwillnothaveanimplanted defibrillatorandmustforthisreasonundergoregularECGs.Manyofthe currentprogramsonly{{U}}?11?{{/U}}intoaccountalinearcorrelation ofthedata.Wearehowevermakinguse{{U}}?12?{{/U}}anon-linear processthatrevealsthechaoticpatternsofheartbeatsasanopenandcomplex system.HagenKnafsays.{{U}}?13?{{/U}}changesintheheartbeats overtimecanbemonitoredandindividualvariationsinpatientstakeninto account.AnoldstudyofECGdatabased{{U}}?14?{{/U}}600Patients whohadsufferedasubsequentheartattackenabledtheresearcherstocompare risksandtoshow{{U}}?15?{{/U}}thenewsoftwareevaluatesthedata considerablybetter.
{{*HTML*}}??阅读下面的短文文中有15处空白每处空白给出了4个选项请根据短文的内容从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案 {{B}}??????? ??????ScientistsDevelopWaysofDetecting HeartAttack{{/B}}??Germanresearchershave{{U}}?1 ?{{/U}}anewgenerationofdefibrillatorsandearlywarningsoftwareaimedat offeringheartpatientsgreaterprotection{{U}}?2?{{/U}}suddendeath fromcardiacarrest.??InGermanyalonearound100000peopledie annuallyasaresultofcardiacarrestandmanyofthesecases{{U}}?3 ?{{/U}}bydisruptiontotheheart’srhythm.ThosemostatriskarePatients whohave{{U}}?4?{{/U}}sufferedaheartattackandforyearstheuseof defibrillatorshasprovedusefulindiagnosing{{U}}?5 ?{{/U}}disruptionstoheartrhythmsandcorrectingthemautomaticallyby interveningwithinseconds.Thesedevices{{U}}?6?{{/U}}arangeof functionssuchasthatofpacemaker.??Heartspecialistsat Freiburg’sUniversityClinichavenowachievedabreakthroughwithallimplanted defibrillator{{U}}?7?{{/U}}ofgeneratingasix-channel electrocardiogramECGwithinthebody.Thisintegratedsystemallowsearly diagnosisof{{U}}?8?{{/U}}blood-flowproblemsandapendingheart attack.Itwillbeimplantedinpatientsforthefirsttimethisyear. MeanwhileresearchersattheFraunhoferInstituteforAppliedMathematicsin Kaiserslauternhavedevelopednewcomputersoftwarethatrenderstheevaluation ofECGdata{{U}}?9?{{/U}}.??Theoverwhelming{{U}} ?10?{{/U}}ofpatientsatriskwillnothaveanimplanted defibrillatorandmustforthisreasonundergoregularECGs.Manyofthe currentprogramsonly{{U}}?11?{{/U}}intoaccountalinearcorrelation ofthedata.Wearehowevermakinguse{{U}}?12?{{/U}}anon-linear processthatrevealsthechaoticpatternsofheartbeatsasanopenandcomplex system.HagenKnafsays.{{U}}?13?{{/U}}changesintheheartbeats overtimecanbemonitoredandindividualvariationsinpatientstakeninto account.AnoldstudyofECGdatabased{{U}}?14?{{/U}}600Patients whohadsufferedasubsequentheartattackenabledtheresearcherstocompare risksandtoshow{{U}}?15?{{/U}}thenewsoftwareevaluatesthedata considerablybetter.
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{{*HTML*}}? ?下面有3篇短文每篇短文后有5道题每道题后面有4个选项请仔细阅读短文并根据短文内容回答其后面的问题从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案{{B}}第一篇{{/B}} {{B}}??????? ?????????EarlyorLaterDay Care{{/B}}??TheBritishpsychoanalystJohnBowlbymaintainsthat separationfromtheparentsduringthesensitiveattachmentperiodfrombirth tothreemayscarachild’spersonalityandpredisposetoemotionalproblemsin laterlife.SomepeoplehavedrawntheconclusionfromBowlby’sworkthat childrenshouldnotbesubjectedtodaycarebeforetheageofthreebecauseof theparentalseparationitentailsandmanypeopledobelievethis.Butthere arealsoargumentsagainstsuchastrongconclusion.??Firstly anthropologistspointoutthattheinsulatedloveaffairbetweenchildrenand parentsfoundinmodemsocietiesdoesnotusuallyexistintraditional societies.ForexampleinsometribalsocietiessuchastheNgonithefather andmotherofachilddidnotreartheirinfantalone--farfromit.Secondly commonsensetellsusthatdaycarewouldnotbesowidespreadtodayifparents care-takersfoundchildrenhadproblemswithit.Statisticalstudiesofthis kindhavenotyetbeencardedoutandeveniftheyweretheresultswouldbe certaintobecomplicatedandcontroversial.Thirdlyinthelastdecadethere havebeenanumberofcarefulAmericanstudiesofchildrenindaycareandthey haveuniformlyreportedthatdaycarehadaneutralorslightlypositiveeffect onchildren’sdevelopment.Butteststhathavehadtobeusedtomeasurethis developmentarenotwidelyenoughacceptedtosettletheissue.? ?ButBowlby’sanalysisraisesthepossibilitythatearlydaycarehas delayedeffects.Thepossibilitythatsuchcaremightleadtosaymoremental illnessorcrime15or20yearslatercanonlybeexploredbytheuseof statistics.Whateverthelong-termeffectsparentssometimesfindtheimmediate effectsdifficulttodealwith.Childrenunderthreearelikelytoprotestat leavingtheirparentsandshowunhappiness.Attheageofthreeorthreeanda halfalmostallchildrenfindthetransitiontonurseryeasyandthisis undoubtedlywhymoreandmoreparentsmakeuseofchildcareatthistime.The matterthenisfarfromclear-cutthoughexperienceandavailableevidence indicatethatearlycareisreasonablefor infants.Itissuggestedthatmodemsocietiesdifferfromtraditionalsocietiesinthat
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{{*HTML*}}??阅读下面的短文文中有15处空白每处空白给出了4个选项请根据短文的内容从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案 {{B}}??????? ??????ScientistsDevelopWaysofDetecting HeartAttack{{/B}}??Germanresearchershave{{U}}?1 ?{{/U}}anewgenerationofdefibrillatorsandearlywarningsoftwareaimedat offeringheartpatientsgreaterprotection{{U}}?2?{{/U}}suddendeath fromcardiacarrest.??InGermanyalonearound100000peopledie annuallyasaresultofcardiacarrestandmanyofthesecases{{U}}?3 ?{{/U}}bydisruptiontotheheart’srhythm.ThosemostatriskarePatients whohave{{U}}?4?{{/U}}sufferedaheartattackandforyearstheuseof defibrillatorshasprovedusefulindiagnosing{{U}}?5 ?{{/U}}disruptionstoheartrhythmsandcorrectingthemautomaticallyby interveningwithinseconds.Thesedevices{{U}}?6?{{/U}}arangeof functionssuchasthatofpacemaker.??Heartspecialistsat Freiburg’sUniversityClinichavenowachievedabreakthroughwithallimplanted defibrillator{{U}}?7?{{/U}}ofgeneratingasix-channel electrocardiogramECGwithinthebody.Thisintegratedsystemallowsearly diagnosisof{{U}}?8?{{/U}}blood-flowproblemsandapendingheart attack.Itwillbeimplantedinpatientsforthefirsttimethisyear. MeanwhileresearchersattheFraunhoferInstituteforAppliedMathematicsin Kaiserslauternhavedevelopednewcomputersoftwarethatrenderstheevaluation ofECGdata{{U}}?9?{{/U}}.??Theoverwhelming{{U}} ?10?{{/U}}ofpatientsatriskwillnothaveanimplanted defibrillatorandmustforthisreasonundergoregularECGs.Manyofthe currentprogramsonly{{U}}?11?{{/U}}intoaccountalinearcorrelation ofthedata.Wearehowevermakinguse{{U}}?12?{{/U}}anon-linear processthatrevealsthechaoticpatternsofheartbeatsasanopenandcomplex system.HagenKnafsays.{{U}}?13?{{/U}}changesintheheartbeats overtimecanbemonitoredandindividualvariationsinpatientstakeninto account.AnoldstudyofECGdatabased{{U}}?14?{{/U}}600Patients whohadsufferedasubsequentheartattackenabledtheresearcherstocompare risksandtoshow{{U}}?15?{{/U}}thenewsoftwareevaluatesthedata considerablybetter.
{{*HTML*}}? ?阅读下面的短文文章中有5处空白文章后有6组文字请根据文章的内容选择5组文字将其分别放回文章原有的位置以恢复文章原貌请将答案填在相应的横线上 {{B}}??????????Why DoManyFemaleAthletesFallVictimtoKneeInjuries?{{/B}}? ?RebeccaLoboabasketballstargrabbedareboundduringthefirst secondsofgameinJune1999.{{U}}?1?{{/U}}.Apainshotfromherknee anddroveLobotothefloor.TestsrevealedthatLobohadtomheranterior cruciate十字的交叉的ligament韧带orACLresultingintheendofherplayfor theseason.{{U}}?2?{{/U}}.??Loboperhapsthemost recognizedplayerintheUnitedStatesisoneofagrowingnumberoffemale athletessufferingACLinjuries.Expertssaythatfemaleathletesinmiddle schoolhighschoolcollegeandprofessionalsportsmaybeeighttimesas likelyasmaleathletestoexperienceACLinjury.??{{U}}?3 ?{{/U}}.WhyaresomanyfemaleathletesfallingvictimtoACL injuries???Sportsphysicianssayonereasonisthegrowingnumber offemalesinvolvedinhigh-impactsportssuchassoccerandbasketball.Jeff Bauerabiochemisthoweverthinksbonesizeplaysakeyrole.Heexaminedthe kneejointsofskeletonsof200humanswhohaddiedatanearlyage.? ?Studiesoftheskeletonsof100malesand100femalesshowedin measurementaftermeasurementthatthebonesmakingupafemale’skneeare smallerthanthoseofamaleofthesamesize.Smallerbonesurfacesmayleadto anincreaseinstressplacedontheACLduringsharpmovementssuchasturning jumpingorstopping.??Bauerthinksthesizedifferencemaybe theprimaryreasonthatfemalesinjuretheirkneesmoreoftenthanmalesdowith thesameamountoftrainingandexperience.Nowthat’snotbadaddsBauer andit’snotgood.It’sjustdifferent.??Followingtheknee injuryLobounderwentsurgery.{{U}}?4?{{/U}}.Afterthesurgerythe patientneedsmonthsofphysicaltherapytostrengthenthekneemusclesand ligaments.Eightmonthsafterhavingkneesurgerythepatientstillneedsto exerciseherkneeeveryday.??{{U}}?5?{{/U}}.Theyalso recommendthatplayersdostretchingexercisesbeforeagameorapracticeto helpkeepthekneesflexibleandmoreabletowithstandstressduring play.??A.Whenshelandedshetriedtostandfirmbut couldn’t.??B.Oneofthemorecommontechniquesusedtorepaira tornACLinvolvesreplacingtheentireligament.??C.Sports injuryexpertssaykneeexercisesmayhelpprotectkneesfromACL injury.??D.Practicebeforeandafteragameisagoodwayto avoidinjuriestoknees.??E.Thousandsoffemaleathleteshave sufferedafatesimilartoRebecca’s.??F.TheACLisashort bandoftissuethatkeepsthekneestableduringmovement.
{{*HTML*}}{{B}}第二篇{{/B}} {{B}}??????? ??????????? ??ElectronicMail{{/B}}??Duringthepastfewyears scientisttheworldoverhavesuddenlyfoundthemselvesproductivelyengagedin tasktheyoncespenttheirlivesavoiding-writinganykindofwritingbut particularlyletterwriting.Encouragedbyelectronicmail’ssurprisinglyhigh speedconvenienceandeconomypeoplewhoneverbeforetouchedthestuffare regularlyskillfullyevencheerfullytappingoutagreatdealof correspondence.??Electronicnetworkswovenintothefabricof scientificcommunicationthesedaysaretheroutetocolleaguesindistant countiesshareddatabulletinboardsandelectronicjournals.Anyonewitha personalcomputeramodemandthesoftwaretolinkcomputersovertelephone linescansignon.Anestimatedfivemillionscientistshavedonesowithmore joiningeverydaymostofthemcommunicatingthroughabundleofinterconnected domesticandforeignroutesknowncollectivelyastheinternetornet.? ?E-mailisstaringtoedgeoutthefaxthetelephoneovernightmailand ofcourselandmail.Itshrinkstimeanddistancebetweenscientific collaboratorsinpar[becauseitisconvenientlyasynchronouswriterscantype whiletheircolleaguesacrosstimezonessleep;theirmessagewillbewaiting. Ifitisnotyetspeedingdiscoveriesitiscertainlyaccelerating communication.??JeremyBernsteithephysicistandscience writeroncecalledE-mailthephysicist’sumbilicalcord.Latelyotherpeople toohavebeendiscoveringitsconnectivevirtues.Physicistsareusingit; collegestudentsareusingiteverybodyisusingitandasasignthatithas comeofagetheNewYorkerhasacceleratesitsliberatingpresencewitha cartoon--anappreciativedogseatedatakeyboardsayinghappilyOnthe Internetnobodyknowsyou’readog.Howistheinternetornetexplainedinthepassage?
{{*HTML*}}? ?阅读下面的短文文章中有5处空白文章后有6组文字请根据文章的内容选择5组文字将其分别放回文章原有的位置以恢复文章原貌请将答案填在相应的横线上 {{B}}??????????Why DoManyFemaleAthletesFallVictimtoKneeInjuries?{{/B}}? ?RebeccaLoboabasketballstargrabbedareboundduringthefirst secondsofgameinJune1999.{{U}}?1?{{/U}}.Apainshotfromherknee anddroveLobotothefloor.TestsrevealedthatLobohadtomheranterior cruciate十字的交叉的ligament韧带orACLresultingintheendofherplayfor theseason.{{U}}?2?{{/U}}.??Loboperhapsthemost recognizedplayerintheUnitedStatesisoneofagrowingnumberoffemale athletessufferingACLinjuries.Expertssaythatfemaleathletesinmiddle schoolhighschoolcollegeandprofessionalsportsmaybeeighttimesas likelyasmaleathletestoexperienceACLinjury.??{{U}}?3 ?{{/U}}.WhyaresomanyfemaleathletesfallingvictimtoACL injuries???Sportsphysicianssayonereasonisthegrowingnumber offemalesinvolvedinhigh-impactsportssuchassoccerandbasketball.Jeff Bauerabiochemisthoweverthinksbonesizeplaysakeyrole.Heexaminedthe kneejointsofskeletonsof200humanswhohaddiedatanearlyage.? ?Studiesoftheskeletonsof100malesand100femalesshowedin measurementaftermeasurementthatthebonesmakingupafemale’skneeare smallerthanthoseofamaleofthesamesize.Smallerbonesurfacesmayleadto anincreaseinstressplacedontheACLduringsharpmovementssuchasturning jumpingorstopping.??Bauerthinksthesizedifferencemaybe theprimaryreasonthatfemalesinjuretheirkneesmoreoftenthanmalesdowith thesameamountoftrainingandexperience.Nowthat’snotbadaddsBauer andit’snotgood.It’sjustdifferent.??Followingtheknee injuryLobounderwentsurgery.{{U}}?4?{{/U}}.Afterthesurgerythe patientneedsmonthsofphysicaltherapytostrengthenthekneemusclesand ligaments.Eightmonthsafterhavingkneesurgerythepatientstillneedsto exerciseherkneeeveryday.??{{U}}?5?{{/U}}.Theyalso recommendthatplayersdostretchingexercisesbeforeagameorapracticeto helpkeepthekneesflexibleandmoreabletowithstandstressduring play.??A.Whenshelandedshetriedtostandfirmbut couldn’t.??B.Oneofthemorecommontechniquesusedtorepaira tornACLinvolvesreplacingtheentireligament.??C.Sports injuryexpertssaykneeexercisesmayhelpprotectkneesfromACL injury.??D.Practicebeforeandafteragameisagoodwayto avoidinjuriestoknees.??E.Thousandsoffemaleathleteshave sufferedafatesimilartoRebecca’s.??F.TheACLisashort bandoftissuethatkeepsthekneestableduringmovement.
{{*HTML*}}??阅读下面这篇短文短文后有2项测试任务11～4题要求从所给的6个选项中为第 2～5段每段选择1个正确的小标题2第5～8题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确的选项分别完成每个句子请将答案写在相应的位置上 {{B}}?????????? ?OptimistsReallyDoLiveLongerSayScientists{{/B}}??1.For thephilosopherArthurSchopenhaueroptimismwasfundamentallywrongbanaland corruptingwhilethefatherofpsychoanalysisSigmundFreudsimplydeclaredit tobeneurotic.??2.Experienceshowsthatlookingonthebright sideoflifedoeshaveadvantagesandrecentscientificevidencepointstothe positivemindset思想倾向asbeingbeneficialtohealth.Inotherwordsoptimists livelonger.??3.Thatwastheconclusionreachedbyexpertsat theMayoClinicintheUSStateofMinnesotawhoevaluatedanswersgivenby peopletoasetofquestionsinthe1960s.Ofthe729candidates200haddied andaccordingtoscientiststherewereadisproportionatenumberofpessimists amongthem.??4.Thepointsmoreonthepessimismscale-thatwas thedifferencebetweenslightlypessimisticandaveragelypessimistic-were enoughtoboostaperson’schancesofdyingby19percentaccordingtothe studybyprominentpsychologistMartinSeligmanoftheUniversityof Pennsylvania.??5.Thestudydoesnotsaywhypessimistsdiebut anoldersurveytakenamongchildreninSanFranciscoandLosAngelesmakes itclearthatpersonalattitudetowardstheworldisakeyfactorinthe longevityequation.??6.Thelatestevidencetosupportthetheory thatoptimiststendtocopebetterwithillnessofallkindshasbeenprovided byprofessorRalfSchwarzerofBerlin’sFreeUniversitywhoquestioned600heart andlungpatients.Hisconclusion:optimistsrecovermoreswiftlyfrom operationsthantheirpessimisticcounterpartstendtobehappierafter treatmentandreturntoworkmoreswiftly.??7.Therehavebeen suggestionsthatoptimistsdonotstayhealthierbutratherturnintooptimists laterbecausetheyenjoygoodhealth.Numeroussurveyshavetakenintoaccounta person’sstateofhealthattheoutset最初andtheeffectremainsthe same.??8.Studieshaveshownthatoptimistsdonotblind themselvestorealityeither.Theythusinterpretitinapositiveway. Sublimatingvi.升华anddenyingthingstendtoalterrealitybutillusionsare awayofseeingrealityinthebestlightsaidCalifornia.??9. GermansciencejournalBildderWissenschaftwhichcarriesamajorarticleon thetopicinitscurrentMarchissuecommentedontherightattitudeto havingatumor.??10.Itseemspsychotherapycangosomeway towardsextendingthelifespanandlifequalityofasickpersonalthougha completerecoveryusingpsychologicaltechniquealoneisunlikely.? ?11.DoctorslikehowevertopointtotheexampleofUScycling professionalLanceArmstrongwhowasseriouslyillwithcancerbutwhose unshakeableoptimismhelpedhimtotakethetoptrophytwiceatcycling’s premiersTourdeFrance.??12.Themagazinealsoquotedastudyby SheldonCohensoftheCaregieMellonUniversityinPittsburgh:420volunteers weredeliberatelyinfectedwithstrainsofvariouscommoncoldviruses.Aday latercheckswerecarriedouttoseewhohadcaughtacold.??13. Theresultsshowedthatinthecaseofpeoplewhohadsatisfactorylong-term relationswithfriendsneighborsorcolleaguestheviruswaslesslikelyto triggeracold.Ofpeoplewiththreeoffewerfirmrelationships62percent becameillcomparedwithonly35percentofthosewhohadsixormoreclose humanlinks.Somescholarsdidnotbelieve______.
{{*HTML*}}??阅读下面的短文文中有15处空白每处空白给出了4个选项请根据短文的内容从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案 {{B}}??????? ??????ScientistsDevelopWaysofDetecting HeartAttack{{/B}}??Germanresearchershave{{U}}?1 ?{{/U}}anewgenerationofdefibrillatorsandearlywarningsoftwareaimedat offeringheartpatientsgreaterprotection{{U}}?2?{{/U}}suddendeath fromcardiacarrest.??InGermanyalonearound100000peopledie annuallyasaresultofcardiacarrestandmanyofthesecases{{U}}?3 ?{{/U}}bydisruptiontotheheart’srhythm.ThosemostatriskarePatients whohave{{U}}?4?{{/U}}sufferedaheartattackandforyearstheuseof defibrillatorshasprovedusefulindiagnosing{{U}}?5 ?{{/U}}disruptionstoheartrhythmsandcorrectingthemautomaticallyby interveningwithinseconds.Thesedevices{{U}}?6?{{/U}}arangeof functionssuchasthatofpacemaker.??Heartspecialistsat Freiburg’sUniversityClinichavenowachievedabreakthroughwithallimplanted defibrillator{{U}}?7?{{/U}}ofgeneratingasix-channel electrocardiogramECGwithinthebody.Thisintegratedsystemallowsearly diagnosisof{{U}}?8?{{/U}}blood-flowproblemsandapendingheart attack.Itwillbeimplantedinpatientsforthefirsttimethisyear. MeanwhileresearchersattheFraunhoferInstituteforAppliedMathematicsin Kaiserslauternhavedevelopednewcomputersoftwarethatrenderstheevaluation ofECGdata{{U}}?9?{{/U}}.??Theoverwhelming{{U}} ?10?{{/U}}ofpatientsatriskwillnothaveanimplanted defibrillatorandmustforthisreasonundergoregularECGs.Manyofthe currentprogramsonly{{U}}?11?{{/U}}intoaccountalinearcorrelation ofthedata.Wearehowevermakinguse{{U}}?12?{{/U}}anon-linear processthatrevealsthechaoticpatternsofheartbeatsasanopenandcomplex system.HagenKnafsays.{{U}}?13?{{/U}}changesintheheartbeats overtimecanbemonitoredandindividualvariationsinpatientstakeninto account.AnoldstudyofECGdatabased{{U}}?14?{{/U}}600Patients whohadsufferedasubsequentheartattackenabledtheresearcherstocompare risksandtoshow{{U}}?15?{{/U}}thenewsoftwareevaluatesthedata considerablybetter.
{{*HTML*}}??阅读下面的短文文中有15处空白每处空白给出了4个选项请根据短文的内容从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案 {{B}}??????? ??????ScientistsDevelopWaysofDetecting HeartAttack{{/B}}??Germanresearchershave{{U}}?1 ?{{/U}}anewgenerationofdefibrillatorsandearlywarningsoftwareaimedat offeringheartpatientsgreaterprotection{{U}}?2?{{/U}}suddendeath fromcardiacarrest.??InGermanyalonearound100000peopledie annuallyasaresultofcardiacarrestandmanyofthesecases{{U}}?3 ?{{/U}}bydisruptiontotheheart’srhythm.ThosemostatriskarePatients whohave{{U}}?4?{{/U}}sufferedaheartattackandforyearstheuseof defibrillatorshasprovedusefulindiagnosing{{U}}?5 ?{{/U}}disruptionstoheartrhythmsandcorrectingthemautomaticallyby interveningwithinseconds.Thesedevices{{U}}?6?{{/U}}arangeof functionssuchasthatofpacemaker.??Heartspecialistsat Freiburg’sUniversityClinichavenowachievedabreakthroughwithallimplanted defibrillator{{U}}?7?{{/U}}ofgeneratingasix-channel electrocardiogramECGwithinthebody.Thisintegratedsystemallowsearly diagnosisof{{U}}?8?{{/U}}blood-flowproblemsandapendingheart attack.Itwillbeimplantedinpatientsforthefirsttimethisyear. MeanwhileresearchersattheFraunhoferInstituteforAppliedMathematicsin Kaiserslauternhavedevelopednewcomputersoftwarethatrenderstheevaluation ofECGdata{{U}}?9?{{/U}}.??Theoverwhelming{{U}} ?10?{{/U}}ofpatientsatriskwillnothaveanimplanted defibrillatorandmustforthisreasonundergoregularECGs.Manyofthe currentprogramsonly{{U}}?11?{{/U}}intoaccountalinearcorrelation ofthedata.Wearehowevermakinguse{{U}}?12?{{/U}}anon-linear processthatrevealsthechaoticpatternsofheartbeatsasanopenandcomplex system.HagenKnafsays.{{U}}?13?{{/U}}changesintheheartbeats overtimecanbemonitoredandindividualvariationsinpatientstakeninto account.AnoldstudyofECGdatabased{{U}}?14?{{/U}}600Patients whohadsufferedasubsequentheartattackenabledtheresearcherstocompare risksandtoshow{{U}}?15?{{/U}}thenewsoftwareevaluatesthedata considerablybetter.
{{*HTML*}}??阅读下面这篇短文短文后有2项测试任务11～4题要求从所给的6个选项中为第 2～5段每段选择1个正确的小标题2第5～8题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确的选项分别完成每个句子请将答案写在相应的位置上 {{B}}?????????? ?OptimistsReallyDoLiveLongerSayScientists{{/B}}??1.For thephilosopherArthurSchopenhaueroptimismwasfundamentallywrongbanaland corruptingwhilethefatherofpsychoanalysisSigmundFreudsimplydeclaredit tobeneurotic.??2.Experienceshowsthatlookingonthebright sideoflifedoeshaveadvantagesandrecentscientificevidencepointstothe positivemindset思想倾向asbeingbeneficialtohealth.Inotherwordsoptimists livelonger.??3.Thatwastheconclusionreachedbyexpertsat theMayoClinicintheUSStateofMinnesotawhoevaluatedanswersgivenby peopletoasetofquestionsinthe1960s.Ofthe729candidates200haddied andaccordingtoscientiststherewereadisproportionatenumberofpessimists amongthem.??4.Thepointsmoreonthepessimismscale-thatwas thedifferencebetweenslightlypessimisticandaveragelypessimistic-were enoughtoboostaperson’schancesofdyingby19percentaccordingtothe studybyprominentpsychologistMartinSeligmanoftheUniversityof Pennsylvania.??5.Thestudydoesnotsaywhypessimistsdiebut anoldersurveytakenamongchildreninSanFranciscoandLosAngelesmakes itclearthatpersonalattitudetowardstheworldisakeyfactorinthe longevityequation.??6.Thelatestevidencetosupportthetheory thatoptimiststendtocopebetterwithillnessofallkindshasbeenprovided byprofessorRalfSchwarzerofBerlin’sFreeUniversitywhoquestioned600heart andlungpatients.Hisconclusion:optimistsrecovermoreswiftlyfrom operationsthantheirpessimisticcounterpartstendtobehappierafter treatmentandreturntoworkmoreswiftly.??7.Therehavebeen suggestionsthatoptimistsdonotstayhealthierbutratherturnintooptimists laterbecausetheyenjoygoodhealth.Numeroussurveyshavetakenintoaccounta person’sstateofhealthattheoutset最初andtheeffectremainsthe same.??8.Studieshaveshownthatoptimistsdonotblind themselvestorealityeither.Theythusinterpretitinapositiveway. Sublimatingvi.升华anddenyingthingstendtoalterrealitybutillusionsare awayofseeingrealityinthebestlightsaidCalifornia.??9. GermansciencejournalBildderWissenschaftwhichcarriesamajorarticleon thetopicinitscurrentMarchissuecommentedontherightattitudeto havingatumor.??10.Itseemspsychotherapycangosomeway towardsextendingthelifespanandlifequalityofasickpersonalthougha completerecoveryusingpsychologicaltechniquealoneisunlikely.? ?11.DoctorslikehowevertopointtotheexampleofUScycling professionalLanceArmstrongwhowasseriouslyillwithcancerbutwhose unshakeableoptimismhelpedhimtotakethetoptrophytwiceatcycling’s premiersTourdeFrance.??12.Themagazinealsoquotedastudyby SheldonCohensoftheCaregieMellonUniversityinPittsburgh:420volunteers weredeliberatelyinfectedwithstrainsofvariouscommoncoldviruses.Aday latercheckswerecarriedouttoseewhohadcaughtacold.??13. Theresultsshowedthatinthecaseofpeoplewhohadsatisfactorylong-term relationswithfriendsneighborsorcolleaguestheviruswaslesslikelyto triggeracold.Ofpeoplewiththreeoffewerfirmrelationships62percent becameillcomparedwithonly35percentofthosewhohadsixormoreclose humanlinks.Paragraph2______.
{{*HTML*}}{{B}}第三篇{{/B}} {{B}}??????? ??????????? ???????IQ-gene{{/B}}??In theangrydebateoverhowmuchofIQcomesfromthegenesthatchildreninherit fromparentsandhowmuchcomesfromexperiencesonelittlefactgets overlooked:noonehasidentifiedanygenesotherthanthosethatcause retardationthataffectintelligence.SoresearchersledbyRobertPlominof London’sInstituteofPsychiatrydecidedtolookforsome.Theyfiguredthatif youwanttofindasmartgeneyoushouldlookinsmartkids.Theytherefore examinedtheDNAofstudentslikethosewhoaresobrightthattheytakecollege entranceexamsfouryearsearly--andstillscoreatPrinceton--caliberlevels. Thescientistsfoundwhattheysought.WehavesaysPlominthefirst specificgeneeverassociatedwithgeneralintelligence.? ?Plomin’scolleaguesdrewbloodfromtwogroupsof51childreneachall6 to15yearsoldandlivinginsixcountiesaroundCleveland.Inonegroupthe averageIQis103.Allthechildrenarewhite.Isolatingthebloodcellsthe researchersthenexaminedeachchild’schromosome6ofthe37landmarkson chromosome6thattheresearcherslookedforonejumpedout:aformofgene calledIGF2Roccurredintwiceasmanychildreninthehigh-IQgroupasinthe averagegroup--32percentversus16percent.ThestudyintheMayissueofthe journalPsychologicalScienceconcludesthatitisthisformoftheIGF2Rgene thatcontributestointelligence.Somegeneticistsseemajorproblemswiththe IQ-genestudy.OneisthepossibilitythatPlomin’sgroupfellforchopsticks fallacy.Geneticistsmightthinkthey’vefoundageneforchopsticks flexibilitybutallthey’vereallyfoundisagenemorecommoninAsiansthan sayAfricans.SimilarlyPlomin’sIQgenemightsimplybeonethatismore commoningroupsmatemphasizeacademicachievement.Whatisthegenethat they’vefoundreflectsethnicity?asksgeneticistAndrewFeinbergofJohns HopkinsUniversity.ThatalonemightexplainthelinktointelligencesinceIQ testsareknownforbeingculturallysensitiveandaffectedbyachild’s environment.AndNeilRischofStandfordUniversitypointsoutthatifyoulook for37genesonachromosomeastheresearchersdidandfindthatoneismore commoninsmarterkidsthatmightreflectpurechanceratherthanacausallink betweenthegeneandintelligence.WarnsFeinbergIwouldtakethesefindings withawholeboxofsalt.WhatdoesFeinbergmeanbysayingIwouldtakethesefindingswithawholeboxofsalt?
{{*HTML*}}??阅读下面的短文文中有15处空白每处空白给出了4个选项请根据短文的内容从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案 {{B}}??????? ??????ScientistsDevelopWaysofDetecting HeartAttack{{/B}}??Germanresearchershave{{U}}?1 ?{{/U}}anewgenerationofdefibrillatorsandearlywarningsoftwareaimedat offeringheartpatientsgreaterprotection{{U}}?2?{{/U}}suddendeath fromcardiacarrest.??InGermanyalonearound100000peopledie annuallyasaresultofcardiacarrestandmanyofthesecases{{U}}?3 ?{{/U}}bydisruptiontotheheart’srhythm.ThosemostatriskarePatients whohave{{U}}?4?{{/U}}sufferedaheartattackandforyearstheuseof defibrillatorshasprovedusefulindiagnosing{{U}}?5 ?{{/U}}disruptionstoheartrhythmsandcorrectingthemautomaticallyby interveningwithinseconds.Thesedevices{{U}}?6?{{/U}}arangeof functionssuchasthatofpacemaker.??Heartspecialistsat Freiburg’sUniversityClinichavenowachievedabreakthroughwithallimplanted defibrillator{{U}}?7?{{/U}}ofgeneratingasix-channel electrocardiogramECGwithinthebody.Thisintegratedsystemallowsearly diagnosisof{{U}}?8?{{/U}}blood-flowproblemsandapendingheart attack.Itwillbeimplantedinpatientsforthefirsttimethisyear. MeanwhileresearchersattheFraunhoferInstituteforAppliedMathematicsin Kaiserslauternhavedevelopednewcomputersoftwarethatrenderstheevaluation ofECGdata{{U}}?9?{{/U}}.??Theoverwhelming{{U}} ?10?{{/U}}ofpatientsatriskwillnothaveanimplanted defibrillatorandmustforthisreasonundergoregularECGs.Manyofthe currentprogramsonly{{U}}?11?{{/U}}intoaccountalinearcorrelation ofthedata.Wearehowevermakinguse{{U}}?12?{{/U}}anon-linear processthatrevealsthechaoticpatternsofheartbeatsasanopenandcomplex system.HagenKnafsays.{{U}}?13?{{/U}}changesintheheartbeats overtimecanbemonitoredandindividualvariationsinpatientstakeninto account.AnoldstudyofECGdatabased{{U}}?14?{{/U}}600Patients whohadsufferedasubsequentheartattackenabledtheresearcherstocompare risksandtoshow{{U}}?15?{{/U}}thenewsoftwareevaluatesthedata considerablybetter.
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