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ThegovernmentpanelthatsetsU.S.vaccinepolicyalreadyhasbegundiscussing"universalimmunization’*asawaytoboostvaccinationratesandreduceflu-linkedsicknessanddeathDr.ScottHarperofthefederalCentersforDiseaseControlandPreventionsaidatavaccinemeetingthisweek. 41______. Harperacknowledgedthattherecentcrisismomentarilyupstageduniversalimmunizationdiscussionsbutsaiditremainsaviableproposal. 42______. Thevaccinemeetingheldeveryyearseekstosetanagendafortheupcomingfluseason.Participants—manywithafinancialstakeingettingmorepeoplevaccinated—saidtheuniversalvaccinationpushislikelytocomewithinthenextfiveyears. 43______. Alsofluvaccineisalteredeveryyearbecausetherearealwaysdifferentflustrainscirculating.Theunusedvaccineisdiscardedatseason’sendmakingflushotsfinanciallyunappealingformanufacturers. 44______. SanofiPasteur’sPhilipHosbachsaidthecompanyhastwoidleU.S.factories"becausethere’snotthereturnontheinvestment.’Universalvaccinationcouldinthelongtermhelpstabilizesupplyifitincreaseddemandhesaid. 45______. Demandhashistoricallybeenaproblemtoo.Millionsoftheat-riskpatientsroutinelyskipannualshots.Somepeopleworrythevaccineisn’tsafeortheysimplydon’tlikeshotsbutmanyalsounderestimatetheseriousnessofflusaidDr.AnnO’MalleyaresearcherattheCenterforStudyingHealthSystemChange. A."Partofourjobistojustkeepthisissueontheradarscreen"Harpertoldvaccineprovidersdistributorsandmanufacturersatthenationalfluvaccinesummithere. B.SofaronlyonecompanySanofiPasteurislicensedtomakeU.S.fluvaccinefortheupcomingseasonthoughpublichealthofficialshopetwoothersincludingChironwillsoongainapproval. C.Estimatessuggestthatinanaverageyearfluinfectsabout82millionpeoplenationwidehospitalizes200000andkills36000. D.Dr.HerbYoungoftheAmericanAcademyofFamilyPhysicianssaidrecommendingshotsforeveryonecouldeasetheconfusionandthathisgroupismovingtowardsupportingtheidea. E.Thehurdlessomeobserverssayaredaunting.Unstablesupplyisoneofthebiggest.Thisyearthebestcasescenario—havingabout90millionshotsavailable—isn’tevenenoughforthe180millionhigh-riskpeopleadvisedtogetshotsletalonethetotalpopulationof280million. F.Theendofachaoticseasonwheremanypeopleseekingflushotswereturnedawaybecauseofashortagemightseemanoddtimetobroachtheideaofvaccinatingevenmorepeople. G.ButIraLonginianEmeryUniversitybiostatisticianwhospecializesinvaccineanalysissaiduniversalvaccinationwouldbeunworkableunlesssupplyproblemscanberesolved. 41
Theworldhasspentonpreparationsforwarmorethan$112billionayearroughly$450perheadforeverymanwomanandchildintheworld.Letusconsiderforamomentwhatcouldbedonewiththissumofmoneyifitwerespentonpeaceandnotonwar.41_____________________________________________.Therestshouldbespentinwaysthatwillatthesametimebeofbenefittomankindandasolutiontotheeconomicproblemofconversionfromwarindustrytotheexpansionofpeaceindustries.Astothisexpansionletusbeginwiththemostelementaryofallneedsnamelyfood.42_____________________________________________.AverysmallpartofwhatisnowBeingspentuponarmamentswouldrectifyourpredicament处境.NotonlycouldtheAmericansurplusOfgrainwhichwasformanyyearsuselesslydestroyedbespentinreliefoffaminebutbyirrigationlargeregionsnowdesertcouldbemadefertileandbyimprovementintransportdistributionfromregionsofexcesstoregionsofscarcitycouldbefacilitated. Housingevenintherichestcountriesisoftendisastrouslyinadequate.ThiscouldberemediedbyatinyfractionofWhatisbeingspentonmissiles.43_____________________________________________.Butitisnotonlygreaterexpenditurethatisneededineducation.Iftheterrorofwarwereremovedsciencecouldbedevotedtoimprovinghumanwelfareinsteadoftotheinventionofincreasinglyexpensive’methodsofmutualslaughter.44 Bythehelpofmodemtechniquestheworldcouldenteruponaperiodofhappinessandprosperityfarsurpassinganythingknowninprevioushistory.Allthisispossible.Itrequiresonlyadifferentoutlookoninternationalaffairsandadifferentstateofmindtowardthosenationswhicharenowregardedasenemies.ThisispossibleIrepeatbutitcannotbedoneallatonce.45_____________________________________________. A.Thereweremanywarsinthehistory4hatwastedalotofmoney. B.Andschoolswouldnolongerthinkitapartoftheirdutytopromotehatredofpossibleenemiesbymeansofignorancetemperedbylies. C.Atpresentthemajorityofmankindsuffersfromundernourishmentandinviewofthepopulationexplosionthissituationislikelytogrowworseincomingdecades. D.Educationisaverydifficultproblemnowandweshouldpayattentiontoit. E.Someofitatanyrateinthemoreprosperouscountriescouldbespentonthereductionoftaxation. F.Toreversethetrendofaffairsinthemostpowerfulnationsoftheworldisnolighttaskandwillrequireadifficultprocessofreeducation. G.EducationeverywherebutespeciallyinthenewlyliberatedcountriesofAfricaandAsiademandsanexpendituremanytimesasgreatasthatwhichitreceivesatpresent. 45
ThegovernmentpanelthatsetsU.S.vaccinepolicyalreadyhasbegundiscussing"universalimmunization’*asawaytoboostvaccinationratesandreduceflu-linkedsicknessanddeathDr.ScottHarperofthefederalCentersforDiseaseControlandPreventionsaidatavaccinemeetingthisweek. 41______. Harperacknowledgedthattherecentcrisismomentarilyupstageduniversalimmunizationdiscussionsbutsaiditremainsaviableproposal. 42______. Thevaccinemeetingheldeveryyearseekstosetanagendafortheupcomingfluseason.Participants—manywithafinancialstakeingettingmorepeoplevaccinated—saidtheuniversalvaccinationpushislikelytocomewithinthenextfiveyears. 43______. Alsofluvaccineisalteredeveryyearbecausetherearealwaysdifferentflustrainscirculating.Theunusedvaccineisdiscardedatseason’sendmakingflushotsfinanciallyunappealingformanufacturers. 44______. SanofiPasteur’sPhilipHosbachsaidthecompanyhastwoidleU.S.factories"becausethere’snotthereturnontheinvestment.’Universalvaccinationcouldinthelongtermhelpstabilizesupplyifitincreaseddemandhesaid. 45______. Demandhashistoricallybeenaproblemtoo.Millionsoftheat-riskpatientsroutinelyskipannualshots.Somepeopleworrythevaccineisn’tsafeortheysimplydon’tlikeshotsbutmanyalsounderestimatetheseriousnessofflusaidDr.AnnO’MalleyaresearcherattheCenterforStudyingHealthSystemChange. A."Partofourjobistojustkeepthisissueontheradarscreen"Harpertoldvaccineprovidersdistributorsandmanufacturersatthenationalfluvaccinesummithere. B.SofaronlyonecompanySanofiPasteurislicensedtomakeU.S.fluvaccinefortheupcomingseasonthoughpublichealthofficialshopetwoothersincludingChironwillsoongainapproval. C.Estimatessuggestthatinanaverageyearfluinfectsabout82millionpeoplenationwidehospitalizes200000andkills36000. D.Dr.HerbYoungoftheAmericanAcademyofFamilyPhysicianssaidrecommendingshotsforeveryonecouldeasetheconfusionandthathisgroupismovingtowardsupportingtheidea. E.Thehurdlessomeobserverssayaredaunting.Unstablesupplyisoneofthebiggest.Thisyearthebestcasescenario—havingabout90millionshotsavailable—isn’tevenenoughforthe180millionhigh-riskpeopleadvisedtogetshotsletalonethetotalpopulationof280million. F.Theendofachaoticseasonwheremanypeopleseekingflushotswereturnedawaybecauseofashortagemightseemanoddtimetobroachtheideaofvaccinatingevenmorepeople. G.ButIraLonginianEmeryUniversitybiostatisticianwhospecializesinvaccineanalysissaiduniversalvaccinationwouldbeunworkableunlesssupplyproblemscanberesolved. 45
Text1 TheCatholicChurchischanginginAmericaatitsmostvisiblepoint:theparishchurchwherebelieverspraysingandclasphandsacrosspewstosharethepeaceofGod.Todaytherearefewerparishesandfewerprieststhanin1990andfewerofthenation’s65millionCatholicsinthosepews.Andthere’snosignofreturn. Someblametheexplosive2002clergysexualabusescandalanditsfinancialpricetag.Butastudyof176RomanCatholicdiocesesshowsnostatisticallysignificantlinkbetweenthedeclineinpriestsandparishesandtheis772millionthechurchhasspenttodateondealingwiththescandal. Ratherthechangesaredrivenbyaconstellationoffactors: ·CatholicsaremovingfromcitiesintheNortheastandMidwesttothesuburbsSouthandSouthwest. ·Fordecadessofewmenhavebecomeprieststhatoneinfivediocesesnowcan’tputapriestineveryparish. ·Massattendancehasfallenaseachgenerationhasbecomelessreligiouslyobservant. ·Bishops—trainedtoblessnottobudget—lackthemanagerialskillstogovernmultimilliondollarinstitutions. Allthesetrendshadbegunyearsbeforethescandalpiledonfinancialpressurestocoversettlementslegalcostscareandcounselingforvictimsandabusers.TheArchdioceseofBostonepicenterofthecrisissoldchancerypropertytocoveris85millioninsettlementslastyearandthisyearwillclose67churchesandrecast16othersasnewparishesorworshipsiteswithoutafull-timepriest.ArchbishopSeanO’Malleyhassaidthecrisisandthereconfigurationplanare"innoway"related.Hecitesdemographicshiftsthepriestshortageandagingcrumblingbuildingstoocostlytokeepup.FargoN.D.whichspent$821000ontheabusecrisiswillclose23parishesbutit’sbecausethedioceseisshortofmorethan50priestsforits158parishessomewithfewerthanadozenfamiliesattendingMass. TheyknowhowthisfeelsinMilwaukee.Thatarchdioceseshutteredaboutoneinfiveparishesfrom1995to2003.Thecityconsolidations"gavesomepeoplewhohadbeendrivingbackintothecityfromnewhomesinthesuburbsachancetosaytheyhadnoloyaltytoanewparishandbegingoingtooneneartheirhome"saysNoreenWeltedirectorofparishplanningfortheMilwaukeeArchdiocese."Itgavesomepeoplewhoalreadyweremadatthechurchforonereasonoranotheranexcusetostopgoingaltogether.’ Therelationshipbetweenthefirsttwoparagraphscanbedescribedas
Text1 TheCatholicChurchischanginginAmericaatitsmostvisiblepoint:theparishchurchwherebelieverspraysingandclasphandsacrosspewstosharethepeaceofGod.Todaytherearefewerparishesandfewerprieststhanin1990andfewerofthenation’s65millionCatholicsinthosepews.Andthere’snosignofreturn. Someblametheexplosive2002clergysexualabusescandalanditsfinancialpricetag.Butastudyof176RomanCatholicdiocesesshowsnostatisticallysignificantlinkbetweenthedeclineinpriestsandparishesandtheis772millionthechurchhasspenttodateondealingwiththescandal. Ratherthechangesaredrivenbyaconstellationoffactors: ·CatholicsaremovingfromcitiesintheNortheastandMidwesttothesuburbsSouthandSouthwest. ·Fordecadessofewmenhavebecomeprieststhatoneinfivediocesesnowcan’tputapriestineveryparish. ·Massattendancehasfallenaseachgenerationhasbecomelessreligiouslyobservant. ·Bishops—trainedtoblessnottobudget—lackthemanagerialskillstogovernmultimilliondollarinstitutions. Allthesetrendshadbegunyearsbeforethescandalpiledonfinancialpressurestocoversettlementslegalcostscareandcounselingforvictimsandabusers.TheArchdioceseofBostonepicenterofthecrisissoldchancerypropertytocoveris85millioninsettlementslastyearandthisyearwillclose67churchesandrecast16othersasnewparishesorworshipsiteswithoutafull-timepriest.ArchbishopSeanO’Malleyhassaidthecrisisandthereconfigurationplanare"innoway"related.Hecitesdemographicshiftsthepriestshortageandagingcrumblingbuildingstoocostlytokeepup.FargoN.D.whichspent$821000ontheabusecrisiswillclose23parishesbutit’sbecausethedioceseisshortofmorethan50priestsforits158parishessomewithfewerthanadozenfamiliesattendingMass. TheyknowhowthisfeelsinMilwaukee.Thatarchdioceseshutteredaboutoneinfiveparishesfrom1995to2003.Thecityconsolidations"gavesomepeoplewhohadbeendrivingbackintothecityfromnewhomesinthesuburbsachancetosaytheyhadnoloyaltytoanewparishandbegingoingtooneneartheirhome"saysNoreenWeltedirectorofparishplanningfortheMilwaukeeArchdiocese."Itgavesomepeoplewhoalreadyweremadatthechurchforonereasonoranotheranexcusetostopgoingaltogether.’ Thereconfigurationplan'ParA．4probablyreferstoa.
ThegovernmentpanelthatsetsU.S.vaccinepolicyalreadyhasbegundiscussing"universalimmunization’*asawaytoboostvaccinationratesandreduceflu-linkedsicknessanddeathDr.ScottHarperofthefederalCentersforDiseaseControlandPreventionsaidatavaccinemeetingthisweek. 41______. Harperacknowledgedthattherecentcrisismomentarilyupstageduniversalimmunizationdiscussionsbutsaiditremainsaviableproposal. 42______. Thevaccinemeetingheldeveryyearseekstosetanagendafortheupcomingfluseason.Participants—manywithafinancialstakeingettingmorepeoplevaccinated—saidtheuniversalvaccinationpushislikelytocomewithinthenextfiveyears. 43______. Alsofluvaccineisalteredeveryyearbecausetherearealwaysdifferentflustrainscirculating.Theunusedvaccineisdiscardedatseason’sendmakingflushotsfinanciallyunappealingformanufacturers. 44______. SanofiPasteur’sPhilipHosbachsaidthecompanyhastwoidleU.S.factories"becausethere’snotthereturnontheinvestment.’Universalvaccinationcouldinthelongtermhelpstabilizesupplyifitincreaseddemandhesaid. 45______. Demandhashistoricallybeenaproblemtoo.Millionsoftheat-riskpatientsroutinelyskipannualshots.Somepeopleworrythevaccineisn’tsafeortheysimplydon’tlikeshotsbutmanyalsounderestimatetheseriousnessofflusaidDr.AnnO’MalleyaresearcherattheCenterforStudyingHealthSystemChange. A."Partofourjobistojustkeepthisissueontheradarscreen"Harpertoldvaccineprovidersdistributorsandmanufacturersatthenationalfluvaccinesummithere. B.SofaronlyonecompanySanofiPasteurislicensedtomakeU.S.fluvaccinefortheupcomingseasonthoughpublichealthofficialshopetwoothersincludingChironwillsoongainapproval. C.Estimatessuggestthatinanaverageyearfluinfectsabout82millionpeoplenationwidehospitalizes200000andkills36000. D.Dr.HerbYoungoftheAmericanAcademyofFamilyPhysicianssaidrecommendingshotsforeveryonecouldeasetheconfusionandthathisgroupismovingtowardsupportingtheidea. E.Thehurdlessomeobserverssayaredaunting.Unstablesupplyisoneofthebiggest.Thisyearthebestcasescenario—havingabout90millionshotsavailable—isn’tevenenoughforthe180millionhigh-riskpeopleadvisedtogetshotsletalonethetotalpopulationof280million. F.Theendofachaoticseasonwheremanypeopleseekingflushotswereturnedawaybecauseofashortagemightseemanoddtimetobroachtheideaofvaccinatingevenmorepeople. G.ButIraLonginianEmeryUniversitybiostatisticianwhospecializesinvaccineanalysissaiduniversalvaccinationwouldbeunworkableunlesssupplyproblemscanberesolved. 43
Inanidealworldthenation’seliteschoolswouldenrollthemostqualifiedstudents.Butthat’snothowit1Applicantswhoseparentsarealumsgetspecialtreatmentas2athletesandrichkids.Underrepresentedminoritiesarealsogiven3Thirtyyearsofaffirmativeactionhavechangedthecharacterof4whiteuniversities;nowabout13percentofallundergraduatesareblackorLatino.5arecentstudybytheCenturyFoundationfoundthatatthenation’s146most6schools74percentofstudentscamefromuppermiddle-classandwealthyfamilieswhileonlyabout5percentcamefromfamilieswithanannualincomeof7$35000orless. Manyschoolssaydiversity—racialeconomicandgeographic—is8tomaintainingintellectually9campuses.ButRichardKahlenbergoftheCenturyFoundationsaysthateventhoughcolleges10theywantpoorkids"theydon’ttryveryhardtofindthem11ruralstudentsmanycollegesdon’ttryatall."Unfortunatelywegowherewecan12asizablenumberofpotentialapplicants"saysTulaneadmissionschiefRichardWhitesidewho13aggressively—andinperson—frommetropolitanareas.Kidsinruralareasgetaglossy14inthemail. Evenwhenpoorruralstudentshavethe15fortopcollegestheirhighschoolsoftendon’tknowhowtogetthemthere.Admissionsofficers16guidancecounselorstodirectthemtopromisingprospects.In17highschoolsguidancecounselorsoftenhavepersonal18withbothkidsandadmissionsofficers.Inruralareasateacheracounseloror19analumnus"canhelpputaruralstudentonourradarscreen"saysWesleyanadmissionsdeanNancyMeislahn.Butpoorruralschoolsrarelyhavecollege20withthoseconnections;withoutthemadmission"canbeacrapshoot"saysCarnegieMellon’sSteidel. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.10points1
Text3 Fiercelyindependent90year-oldVincenziaRinaldiwouldn’tconsiderahomehealthaideornursinghome.SoLouisCritellihernephewhadtocoaxthewidowedhomemakerintoassistedlivingthenation’sgrowinglong-termcareoptionfortheelderly.For$1100amonthRinaldibecamethereluctantresidentofanefficiencyunitwhereshecouldstillsimmerhermuch-lovedtomatosauceandwherecaregiverswouldmakesureshetookherpills. Instead30monthslatershedied.Notbecauseshewasold.ButbecauseaidesathernewhomeLorettoUticaCenteroneofthemodernhotel-stylefacilitiesthathavesproutedacrossthecountryoverthepastdecademistakenlygaveheranotherresident’sprescriptionmedication.Thaterrorledtoherdeathstateinspectorsconcluded. NeitherthestatenorLorettotoldhernephewaboutthecauseofdeath.CritellithinkinghisaunthadbeenproperlyearedforonlylearnedofthefindingyearslaterfromUSATODAY."Whentheyfindsomethingblatantlikethatyou’dthinkthey’dtellthefamily"theshakennephewtoldareporterafteralongpause. AUSATODAYinvestigationshowsthatRinaldi’sdeathrepresentsthetragicextremeinapatternofmistakesandviolationsthatleadtoscoresofinjuriesandoccasionaldeathsamong theestimated1millionelderlyresidentsofassistedlivingfacilities.Thecentersarethestate-regulatedlargelyprivate-payresidencesthathelpseniorswithmedicationandotheractivitiesofdailylife. Inawide-ranginganalysisUSATODAYreviewedtwoyearsofinspectionrecordswithin2000-02formorethan5300assistedlivingfacilitiesinsevenstates:AlabamaArizonaColoradoFloridaIndianaNewYorkandTexas.Theprecisetimeperiodvariedslightlyfromstatetostate.Theanalysiscoveredabroadrange—frommom-and-popfacilitieswithjustafewresidentstocorporate-runcenterswithscoresofbedsandmanylevelsofcare.Itisthefirsttimesuchdatahavebeengatheredandanalyzedacrosssomanystates.Thereviewincludedless-detaileddatafromfiveotherstatesandfocusedonbroadquality-of-carecategoriestocompensateforvariationsinregulationsfromstatetostate. Asaffluentandmiddle-classAmericanscopewiththeinfirmitiesofagemanyturntoassistedlivingasanalternativetoanursinghomeindustrythathasbeenperiodicallyplaguedbyabuseorneglectscandals.Eventhoughassistedlivingfacilitiesgenerallydon’tprovide24-hourskilledmedicalcaretheyincreasinglyserveseniorswhoonlyadecadeagomighthavebeeninnursinghomes. Thefirstparagraphimpliesthat
AfterDollytheSheepcometheMickeyMice.46ScientistsareexpectedtorevealthattheyhavesucceededincreatingthefirstanimalclonedfromthecellsofanadultsincethebirthofDollytwoyearsago.Aformalannouncementisexpectedwithinweeks. 47ResearchersinHawaiiareunderstoodtohavemanufacturedamousethatisanidenticalgeneticcopyofanotherlivinganimalraisingtheprospectofcommercialcloningofanimals--andeventuallyofhumans. SincescientistsattheRoslinInstituteinEdinburghrevealedtheexistenceofDollytoawedcolleaguesinFebruarylastyearnobodyhasbeenabletomakeanotherclonederivedfromcellstakenfromanadultanimal.Dollywasgrownfromtheuddercellsofanewe. SomebiologistshavesincequeriedDolly’sauthenticitybecauseoftheirinabilitytoreproducetheresultsTheclonedmousewouldendanydoubtsandconfirmthatmanisgenuinelyonvergeofanewerainreproductivebiology. ThefirsthintofthebreakthroughbyDrRyuzoYanagimachitheprofessorwholedtheUniversityofHawaiigroupemergedafterarecentlecturewhenheshowedaslideofDollyandtoldhisaudience"Icansaysheisnotalone." 48ThescientistwhowontheInternationalPrizeforBiologyin1996forhisworkonreproductiondeclinedlastweektogivedetailsofthecloningresearchuntilitsexpectedpublicationinthescientificjournalNaturelaterthismonth. ItisunderstoodthatYanagimachiwhohasworkedwithinternationalcollaboratorswasabletoclonethemouseusingatechniqueslightlydifferenttothatemployedbyscientistsattheRoslinInstitute. ButliketheRoslinteamledbyDrEauWilrnutitisthoughthehasbeenabletoextractthegeneticmaterialfromthecellofanadultandtransplantitintoanegg.InDolly’scasetheeggwasthenimplantedintothewombofasurrogatemotherthatgavebirthtoahealthylamb. Thistechniquepreviouslythoughtbysometbbeimpossiblefollowedsuccessfulexperimentsincreatinganimalsfromcellstakenfromfetuses.Theseweremuchsimplertoconductbecausefoetalcellshavenotyettakenonspecialistrolesintheorganismandcanbeeasilymanipulated. Yanagimachi’steamisoneofseveralaroundtheworldthathavebeentryingtoproduceanotherDolly-likeclonesaidAprilDarcyofPPLTherapeuticsthecompanythatholdsthecommercialrightstotheRoslincloningtechniques; 49Scientistshopethatcloningonceperfectedwillenablerevolutionsintransplantsurgeryallowingskinandorganstobegrowntoorderwithoutfearofpatientrejection.Itwillalsobeapowerfulresearchtoolinfindingcuresforgeneticdiseases. 50Butfearsthatcloningtechniquescouldeventuallybeusedinthecreationofcarbon-copyhumanshavealreadypromptedwesterngovernmentsincludingBritaintobansuchresearch. Scientistshopethatcloningonceperfectedwillenablerevolutionsintransplantsurgeryallowingskinandorganstobegrowntoorderwithoutfearofpatientrejection.
Text4 YoucouldbenefitfromflippingthroughthepagesofICan’tBelieveYouAskedThatabookbyauthorPhillipMilanothat’ssubtitledANo-Holds-BarredQ&AAboutRaceSexReligionandOtherTerrifyingTopics. ForthepastsevenyearsMilano—whodescribeshimselfas"astraightwhitemiddleclassmarriedguyraisedinanaffluentsuburbofChicago’—asoperatedyforumcomaWebsitethatwascreatedtogetustalking.Throughthepostingofprobingprovocativeandsometimessimplyinanequestionsandtheanswerstheygeneratepeopleareencouragedtohaveano-holds-barredexchangeontopicsacrossracialethnicandculturallines.Moreoftenthannotthequestionsgrowoutofourbiasesandfearsandthestereotypesthatfuelmisunderstandingamongus. AswiththeWebsiteMilanohopeshisbookwillbeasocialandculturalelixir."Thetimeisrightforanew’cultureofcuriosity’tobegintounfoldwithpeoplefinallybreakingdownthelastbarriertoimproveraceandculturalrelations"byactuallytalkingtoeachotherabouttheirdifferencesMilanosaidinane-mailmessagetome.MilanowiselyusedtheInternettosparktheseconversations.Insevenyearsithasgenerated50000postings—manyofthemquestionsthatpeoplefindhardtoaskinaface-to-faceexchangewiththesubjectsoftheirinquiries. ButinhisbookwhichwaspublishedearlierthismonthMilanogivesreadersanopportunitytoreadthequestionsandamixofanswersthatmadeitontohisWebsite."Iamcuriousaboutwhatpeoplewhohavebeenblindfrombirth’see’intheirdreams"a13-yearoldboywantedtoknow."Whydosomanymentallydisabledpeoplehavesuchpoor-lookinghaircutsand’nerdy’clothes"awomanasked."HowdoAfrican-AmericansperceiveGod"awhiteteenagerwantedtoknow."DotheypraytoawhiteGodorablackGod" LikeIsaidthesequestionscangeneratearangeofemotionsandreactions.ButthepointofMilano’sWebsiteandhisbookisnottogetpeoplemadbuttoinformus"aboutthelivesandexperiences"ofothers.Thoughmanyoftheanswersthatpeopleofferedtothequestionsposedinhisbookareconflictingtheseresponsesarebalancedbythecommentsofexpertswhoseresponsestothequeriesalsoappearinthebook. Gettingpeopletoopenlysaywhattheyarethinkingaboutthingsthatgiverisetostereotypesandbigotryhasneverbeeneasy.Mostofussavethoseconversationsforgatheringsofpeoplewholookorthinklikeus. Whatisthemainideaofthispassage
Inanidealworldthenation’seliteschoolswouldenrollthemostqualifiedstudents.Butthat’snothowit1Applicantswhoseparentsarealumsgetspecialtreatmentas2athletesandrichkids.Underrepresentedminoritiesarealsogiven3Thirtyyearsofaffirmativeactionhavechangedthecharacterof4whiteuniversities;nowabout13percentofallundergraduatesareblackorLatino.5arecentstudybytheCenturyFoundationfoundthatatthenation’s146most6schools74percentofstudentscamefromuppermiddle-classandwealthyfamilieswhileonlyabout5percentcamefromfamilieswithanannualincomeof7$35000orless. Manyschoolssaydiversity—racialeconomicandgeographic—is8tomaintainingintellectually9campuses.ButRichardKahlenbergoftheCenturyFoundationsaysthateventhoughcolleges10theywantpoorkids"theydon’ttryveryhardtofindthem11ruralstudentsmanycollegesdon’ttryatall."Unfortunatelywegowherewecan12asizablenumberofpotentialapplicants"saysTulaneadmissionschiefRichardWhitesidewho13aggressively—andinperson—frommetropolitanareas.Kidsinruralareasgetaglossy14inthemail. Evenwhenpoorruralstudentshavethe15fortopcollegestheirhighschoolsoftendon’tknowhowtogetthemthere.Admissionsofficers16guidancecounselorstodirectthemtopromisingprospects.In17highschoolsguidancecounselorsoftenhavepersonal18withbothkidsandadmissionsofficers.Inruralareasateacheracounseloror19analumnus"canhelpputaruralstudentonourradarscreen"saysWesleyanadmissionsdeanNancyMeislahn.Butpoorruralschoolsrarelyhavecollege20withthoseconnections;withoutthemadmission"canbeacrapshoot"saysCarnegieMellon’sSteidel. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.10points19
1yourgratitudeforbeinggiventheopportunity2yourbasicbackground3yourwishforeverybodytohaveagoodtime.Youshouldwriteabout100wordsonANSWERSHEET2:10points
Inanidealworldthenation’seliteschoolswouldenrollthemostqualifiedstudents.Butthat’snothowit1Applicantswhoseparentsarealumsgetspecialtreatmentas2athletesandrichkids.Underrepresentedminoritiesarealsogiven3Thirtyyearsofaffirmativeactionhavechangedthecharacterof4whiteuniversities;nowabout13percentofallundergraduatesareblackorLatino.5arecentstudybytheCenturyFoundationfoundthatatthenation’s146most6schools74percentofstudentscamefromuppermiddle-classandwealthyfamilieswhileonlyabout5percentcamefromfamilieswithanannualincomeof7$35000orless. Manyschoolssaydiversity—racialeconomicandgeographic—is8tomaintainingintellectually9campuses.ButRichardKahlenbergoftheCenturyFoundationsaysthateventhoughcolleges10theywantpoorkids"theydon’ttryveryhardtofindthem11ruralstudentsmanycollegesdon’ttryatall."Unfortunatelywegowherewecan12asizablenumberofpotentialapplicants"saysTulaneadmissionschiefRichardWhitesidewho13aggressively—andinperson—frommetropolitanareas.Kidsinruralareasgetaglossy14inthemail. Evenwhenpoorruralstudentshavethe15fortopcollegestheirhighschoolsoftendon’tknowhowtogetthemthere.Admissionsofficers16guidancecounselorstodirectthemtopromisingprospects.In17highschoolsguidancecounselorsoftenhavepersonal18withbothkidsandadmissionsofficers.Inruralareasateacheracounseloror19analumnus"canhelpputaruralstudentonourradarscreen"saysWesleyanadmissionsdeanNancyMeislahn.Butpoorruralschoolsrarelyhavecollege20withthoseconnections;withoutthemadmission"canbeacrapshoot"saysCarnegieMellon’sSteidel. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.10points15
Text1 TheCatholicChurchischanginginAmericaatitsmostvisiblepoint:theparishchurchwherebelieverspraysingandclasphandsacrosspewstosharethepeaceofGod.Todaytherearefewerparishesandfewerprieststhanin1990andfewerofthenation’s65millionCatholicsinthosepews.Andthere’snosignofreturn. Someblametheexplosive2002clergysexualabusescandalanditsfinancialpricetag.Butastudyof176RomanCatholicdiocesesshowsnostatisticallysignificantlinkbetweenthedeclineinpriestsandparishesandtheis772millionthechurchhasspenttodateondealingwiththescandal. Ratherthechangesaredrivenbyaconstellationoffactors: ·CatholicsaremovingfromcitiesintheNortheastandMidwesttothesuburbsSouthandSouthwest. ·Fordecadessofewmenhavebecomeprieststhatoneinfivediocesesnowcan’tputapriestineveryparish. ·Massattendancehasfallenaseachgenerationhasbecomelessreligiouslyobservant. ·Bishops—trainedtoblessnottobudget—lackthemanagerialskillstogovernmultimilliondollarinstitutions. Allthesetrendshadbegunyearsbeforethescandalpiledonfinancialpressurestocoversettlementslegalcostscareandcounselingforvictimsandabusers.TheArchdioceseofBostonepicenterofthecrisissoldchancerypropertytocoveris85millioninsettlementslastyearandthisyearwillclose67churchesandrecast16othersasnewparishesorworshipsiteswithoutafull-timepriest.ArchbishopSeanO’Malleyhassaidthecrisisandthereconfigurationplanare"innoway"related.Hecitesdemographicshiftsthepriestshortageandagingcrumblingbuildingstoocostlytokeepup.FargoN.D.whichspent$821000ontheabusecrisiswillclose23parishesbutit’sbecausethedioceseisshortofmorethan50priestsforits158parishessomewithfewerthanadozenfamiliesattendingMass. TheyknowhowthisfeelsinMilwaukee.Thatarchdioceseshutteredaboutoneinfiveparishesfrom1995to2003.Thecityconsolidations"gavesomepeoplewhohadbeendrivingbackintothecityfromnewhomesinthesuburbsachancetosaytheyhadnoloyaltytoanewparishandbegingoingtooneneartheirhome"saysNoreenWeltedirectorofparishplanningfortheMilwaukeeArchdiocese."Itgavesomepeoplewhoalreadyweremadatthechurchforonereasonoranotheranexcusetostopgoingaltogether.’ AttendanceoftheChurchhasdeclinedbecause
Inanidealworldthenation’seliteschoolswouldenrollthemostqualifiedstudents.Butthat’snothowit1Applicantswhoseparentsarealumsgetspecialtreatmentas2athletesandrichkids.Underrepresentedminoritiesarealsogiven3Thirtyyearsofaffirmativeactionhavechangedthecharacterof4whiteuniversities;nowabout13percentofallundergraduatesareblackorLatino.5arecentstudybytheCenturyFoundationfoundthatatthenation’s146most6schools74percentofstudentscamefromuppermiddle-classandwealthyfamilieswhileonlyabout5percentcamefromfamilieswithanannualincomeof7$35000orless. Manyschoolssaydiversity—racialeconomicandgeographic—is8tomaintainingintellectually9campuses.ButRichardKahlenbergoftheCenturyFoundationsaysthateventhoughcolleges10theywantpoorkids"theydon’ttryveryhardtofindthem11ruralstudentsmanycollegesdon’ttryatall."Unfortunatelywegowherewecan12asizablenumberofpotentialapplicants"saysTulaneadmissionschiefRichardWhitesidewho13aggressively—andinperson—frommetropolitanareas.Kidsinruralareasgetaglossy14inthemail. Evenwhenpoorruralstudentshavethe15fortopcollegestheirhighschoolsoftendon’tknowhowtogetthemthere.Admissionsofficers16guidancecounselorstodirectthemtopromisingprospects.In17highschoolsguidancecounselorsoftenhavepersonal18withbothkidsandadmissionsofficers.Inruralareasateacheracounseloror19analumnus"canhelpputaruralstudentonourradarscreen"saysWesleyanadmissionsdeanNancyMeislahn.Butpoorruralschoolsrarelyhavecollege20withthoseconnections;withoutthemadmission"canbeacrapshoot"saysCarnegieMellon’sSteidel. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.10points17
Inanidealworldthenation’seliteschoolswouldenrollthemostqualifiedstudents.Butthat’snothowit1Applicantswhoseparentsarealumsgetspecialtreatmentas2athletesandrichkids.Underrepresentedminoritiesarealsogiven3Thirtyyearsofaffirmativeactionhavechangedthecharacterof4whiteuniversities;nowabout13percentofallundergraduatesareblackorLatino.5arecentstudybytheCenturyFoundationfoundthatatthenation’s146most6schools74percentofstudentscamefromuppermiddle-classandwealthyfamilieswhileonlyabout5percentcamefromfamilieswithanannualincomeof7$35000orless. Manyschoolssaydiversity—racialeconomicandgeographic—is8tomaintainingintellectually9campuses.ButRichardKahlenbergoftheCenturyFoundationsaysthateventhoughcolleges10theywantpoorkids"theydon’ttryveryhardtofindthem11ruralstudentsmanycollegesdon’ttryatall."Unfortunatelywegowherewecan12asizablenumberofpotentialapplicants"saysTulaneadmissionschiefRichardWhitesidewho13aggressively—andinperson—frommetropolitanareas.Kidsinruralareasgetaglossy14inthemail. Evenwhenpoorruralstudentshavethe15fortopcollegestheirhighschoolsoftendon’tknowhowtogetthemthere.Admissionsofficers16guidancecounselorstodirectthemtopromisingprospects.In17highschoolsguidancecounselorsoftenhavepersonal18withbothkidsandadmissionsofficers.Inruralareasateacheracounseloror19analumnus"canhelpputaruralstudentonourradarscreen"saysWesleyanadmissionsdeanNancyMeislahn.Butpoorruralschoolsrarelyhavecollege20withthoseconnections;withoutthemadmission"canbeacrapshoot"saysCarnegieMellon’sSteidel. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.10points9
Inanidealworldthenation’seliteschoolswouldenrollthemostqualifiedstudents.Butthat’snothowit1Applicantswhoseparentsarealumsgetspecialtreatmentas2athletesandrichkids.Underrepresentedminoritiesarealsogiven3Thirtyyearsofaffirmativeactionhavechangedthecharacterof4whiteuniversities;nowabout13percentofallundergraduatesareblackorLatino.5arecentstudybytheCenturyFoundationfoundthatatthenation’s146most6schools74percentofstudentscamefromuppermiddle-classandwealthyfamilieswhileonlyabout5percentcamefromfamilieswithanannualincomeof7$35000orless. Manyschoolssaydiversity—racialeconomicandgeographic—is8tomaintainingintellectually9campuses.ButRichardKahlenbergoftheCenturyFoundationsaysthateventhoughcolleges10theywantpoorkids"theydon’ttryveryhardtofindthem11ruralstudentsmanycollegesdon’ttryatall."Unfortunatelywegowherewecan12asizablenumberofpotentialapplicants"saysTulaneadmissionschiefRichardWhitesidewho13aggressively—andinperson—frommetropolitanareas.Kidsinruralareasgetaglossy14inthemail. Evenwhenpoorruralstudentshavethe15fortopcollegestheirhighschoolsoftendon’tknowhowtogetthemthere.Admissionsofficers16guidancecounselorstodirectthemtopromisingprospects.In17highschoolsguidancecounselorsoftenhavepersonal18withbothkidsandadmissionsofficers.Inruralareasateacheracounseloror19analumnus"canhelpputaruralstudentonourradarscreen"saysWesleyanadmissionsdeanNancyMeislahn.Butpoorruralschoolsrarelyhavecollege20withthoseconnections;withoutthemadmission"canbeacrapshoot"saysCarnegieMellon’sSteidel. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.10points7
Theworldhasspentonpreparationsforwarmorethan$112billionayearroughly$450perheadforeverymanwomanandchildintheworld.Letusconsiderforamomentwhatcouldbedonewiththissumofmoneyifitwerespentonpeaceandnotonwar.41_____________________________________________.Therestshouldbespentinwaysthatwillatthesametimebeofbenefittomankindandasolutiontotheeconomicproblemofconversionfromwarindustrytotheexpansionofpeaceindustries.Astothisexpansionletusbeginwiththemostelementaryofallneedsnamelyfood.42_____________________________________________.AverysmallpartofwhatisnowBeingspentuponarmamentswouldrectifyourpredicament处境.NotonlycouldtheAmericansurplusOfgrainwhichwasformanyyearsuselesslydestroyedbespentinreliefoffaminebutbyirrigationlargeregionsnowdesertcouldbemadefertileandbyimprovementintransportdistributionfromregionsofexcesstoregionsofscarcitycouldbefacilitated. Housingevenintherichestcountriesisoftendisastrouslyinadequate.ThiscouldberemediedbyatinyfractionofWhatisbeingspentonmissiles.43_____________________________________________.Butitisnotonlygreaterexpenditurethatisneededineducation.Iftheterrorofwarwereremovedsciencecouldbedevotedtoimprovinghumanwelfareinsteadoftotheinventionofincreasinglyexpensive’methodsofmutualslaughter.44 Bythehelpofmodemtechniquestheworldcouldenteruponaperiodofhappinessandprosperityfarsurpassinganythingknowninprevioushistory.Allthisispossible.Itrequiresonlyadifferentoutlookoninternationalaffairsandadifferentstateofmindtowardthosenationswhicharenowregardedasenemies.ThisispossibleIrepeatbutitcannotbedoneallatonce.45_____________________________________________. A.Thereweremanywarsinthehistory4hatwastedalotofmoney. B.Andschoolswouldnolongerthinkitapartoftheirdutytopromotehatredofpossibleenemiesbymeansofignorancetemperedbylies. C.Atpresentthemajorityofmankindsuffersfromundernourishmentandinviewofthepopulationexplosionthissituationislikelytogrowworseincomingdecades. D.Educationisaverydifficultproblemnowandweshouldpayattentiontoit. E.Someofitatanyrateinthemoreprosperouscountriescouldbespentonthereductionoftaxation. F.Toreversethetrendofaffairsinthemostpowerfulnationsoftheworldisnolighttaskandwillrequireadifficultprocessofreeducation. G.EducationeverywherebutespeciallyinthenewlyliberatedcountriesofAfricaandAsiademandsanexpendituremanytimesasgreatasthatwhichitreceivesatpresent. 41
Text3 Fiercelyindependent90year-oldVincenziaRinaldiwouldn’tconsiderahomehealthaideornursinghome.SoLouisCritellihernephewhadtocoaxthewidowedhomemakerintoassistedlivingthenation’sgrowinglong-termcareoptionfortheelderly.For$1100amonthRinaldibecamethereluctantresidentofanefficiencyunitwhereshecouldstillsimmerhermuch-lovedtomatosauceandwherecaregiverswouldmakesureshetookherpills. Instead30monthslatershedied.Notbecauseshewasold.ButbecauseaidesathernewhomeLorettoUticaCenteroneofthemodernhotel-stylefacilitiesthathavesproutedacrossthecountryoverthepastdecademistakenlygaveheranotherresident’sprescriptionmedication.Thaterrorledtoherdeathstateinspectorsconcluded. NeitherthestatenorLorettotoldhernephewaboutthecauseofdeath.CritellithinkinghisaunthadbeenproperlyearedforonlylearnedofthefindingyearslaterfromUSATODAY."Whentheyfindsomethingblatantlikethatyou’dthinkthey’dtellthefamily"theshakennephewtoldareporterafteralongpause. AUSATODAYinvestigationshowsthatRinaldi’sdeathrepresentsthetragicextremeinapatternofmistakesandviolationsthatleadtoscoresofinjuriesandoccasionaldeathsamong theestimated1millionelderlyresidentsofassistedlivingfacilities.Thecentersarethestate-regulatedlargelyprivate-payresidencesthathelpseniorswithmedicationandotheractivitiesofdailylife. Inawide-ranginganalysisUSATODAYreviewedtwoyearsofinspectionrecordswithin2000-02formorethan5300assistedlivingfacilitiesinsevenstates:AlabamaArizonaColoradoFloridaIndianaNewYorkandTexas.Theprecisetimeperiodvariedslightlyfromstatetostate.Theanalysiscoveredabroadrange—frommom-and-popfacilitieswithjustafewresidentstocorporate-runcenterswithscoresofbedsandmanylevelsofcare.Itisthefirsttimesuchdatahavebeengatheredandanalyzedacrosssomanystates.Thereviewincludedless-detaileddatafromfiveotherstatesandfocusedonbroadquality-of-carecategoriestocompensateforvariationsinregulationsfromstatetostate. Asaffluentandmiddle-classAmericanscopewiththeinfirmitiesofagemanyturntoassistedlivingasanalternativetoanursinghomeindustrythathasbeenperiodicallyplaguedbyabuseorneglectscandals.Eventhoughassistedlivingfacilitiesgenerallydon’tprovide24-hourskilledmedicalcaretheyincreasinglyserveseniorswhoonlyadecadeagomighthavebeeninnursinghomes. TheauthormentionedRinaldi'sdeathinthetextinorderto
AfterDollytheSheepcometheMickeyMice.46ScientistsareexpectedtorevealthattheyhavesucceededincreatingthefirstanimalclonedfromthecellsofanadultsincethebirthofDollytwoyearsago.Aformalannouncementisexpectedwithinweeks. 47ResearchersinHawaiiareunderstoodtohavemanufacturedamousethatisanidenticalgeneticcopyofanotherlivinganimalraisingtheprospectofcommercialcloningofanimals--andeventuallyofhumans. SincescientistsattheRoslinInstituteinEdinburghrevealedtheexistenceofDollytoawedcolleaguesinFebruarylastyearnobodyhasbeenabletomakeanotherclonederivedfromcellstakenfromanadultanimal.Dollywasgrownfromtheuddercellsofanewe. SomebiologistshavesincequeriedDolly’sauthenticitybecauseoftheirinabilitytoreproducetheresultsTheclonedmousewouldendanydoubtsandconfirmthatmanisgenuinelyonvergeofanewerainreproductivebiology. ThefirsthintofthebreakthroughbyDrRyuzoYanagimachitheprofessorwholedtheUniversityofHawaiigroupemergedafterarecentlecturewhenheshowedaslideofDollyandtoldhisaudience"Icansaysheisnotalone." 48ThescientistwhowontheInternationalPrizeforBiologyin1996forhisworkonreproductiondeclinedlastweektogivedetailsofthecloningresearchuntilitsexpectedpublicationinthescientificjournalNaturelaterthismonth. ItisunderstoodthatYanagimachiwhohasworkedwithinternationalcollaboratorswasabletoclonethemouseusingatechniqueslightlydifferenttothatemployedbyscientistsattheRoslinInstitute. ButliketheRoslinteamledbyDrEauWilrnutitisthoughthehasbeenabletoextractthegeneticmaterialfromthecellofanadultandtransplantitintoanegg.InDolly’scasetheeggwasthenimplantedintothewombofasurrogatemotherthatgavebirthtoahealthylamb. Thistechniquepreviouslythoughtbysometbbeimpossiblefollowedsuccessfulexperimentsincreatinganimalsfromcellstakenfromfetuses.Theseweremuchsimplertoconductbecausefoetalcellshavenotyettakenonspecialistrolesintheorganismandcanbeeasilymanipulated. Yanagimachi’steamisoneofseveralaroundtheworldthathavebeentryingtoproduceanotherDolly-likeclonesaidAprilDarcyofPPLTherapeuticsthecompanythatholdsthecommercialrightstotheRoslincloningtechniques; 49Scientistshopethatcloningonceperfectedwillenablerevolutionsintransplantsurgeryallowingskinandorganstobegrowntoorderwithoutfearofpatientrejection.Itwillalsobeapowerfulresearchtoolinfindingcuresforgeneticdiseases. 50Butfearsthatcloningtechniquescouldeventuallybeusedinthecreationofcarbon-copyhumanshavealreadypromptedwesterngovernmentsincludingBritaintobansuchresearch. ResearchersinHawaiiareunderstoodtohavemanufacturedamousethatisanidenticalgeneticcopyofanotherlivinganimalraisingtheprospectofcommercialcloningofanimals--andeventuallyofhumans.
Inanidealworldthenation’seliteschoolswouldenrollthemostqualifiedstudents.Butthat’snothowit1Applicantswhoseparentsarealumsgetspecialtreatmentas2athletesandrichkids.Underrepresentedminoritiesarealsogiven3Thirtyyearsofaffirmativeactionhavechangedthecharacterof4whiteuniversities;nowabout13percentofallundergraduatesareblackorLatino.5arecentstudybytheCenturyFoundationfoundthatatthenation’s146most6schools74percentofstudentscamefromuppermiddle-classandwealthyfamilieswhileonlyabout5percentcamefromfamilieswithanannualincomeof7$35000orless. Manyschoolssaydiversity—racialeconomicandgeographic—is8tomaintainingintellectually9campuses.ButRichardKahlenbergoftheCenturyFoundationsaysthateventhoughcolleges10theywantpoorkids"theydon’ttryveryhardtofindthem11ruralstudentsmanycollegesdon’ttryatall."Unfortunatelywegowherewecan12asizablenumberofpotentialapplicants"saysTulaneadmissionschiefRichardWhitesidewho13aggressively—andinperson—frommetropolitanareas.Kidsinruralareasgetaglossy14inthemail. Evenwhenpoorruralstudentshavethe15fortopcollegestheirhighschoolsoftendon’tknowhowtogetthemthere.Admissionsofficers16guidancecounselorstodirectthemtopromisingprospects.In17highschoolsguidancecounselorsoftenhavepersonal18withbothkidsandadmissionsofficers.Inruralareasateacheracounseloror19analumnus"canhelpputaruralstudentonourradarscreen"saysWesleyanadmissionsdeanNancyMeislahn.Butpoorruralschoolsrarelyhavecollege20withthoseconnections;withoutthemadmission"canbeacrapshoot"saysCarnegieMellon’sSteidel. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.10points3
Theworldhasspentonpreparationsforwarmorethan$112billionayearroughly$450perheadforeverymanwomanandchildintheworld.Letusconsiderforamomentwhatcouldbedonewiththissumofmoneyifitwerespentonpeaceandnotonwar.41_____________________________________________.Therestshouldbespentinwaysthatwillatthesametimebeofbenefittomankindandasolutiontotheeconomicproblemofconversionfromwarindustrytotheexpansionofpeaceindustries.Astothisexpansionletusbeginwiththemostelementaryofallneedsnamelyfood.42_____________________________________________.AverysmallpartofwhatisnowBeingspentuponarmamentswouldrectifyourpredicament处境.NotonlycouldtheAmericansurplusOfgrainwhichwasformanyyearsuselesslydestroyedbespentinreliefoffaminebutbyirrigationlargeregionsnowdesertcouldbemadefertileandbyimprovementintransportdistributionfromregionsofexcesstoregionsofscarcitycouldbefacilitated. Housingevenintherichestcountriesisoftendisastrouslyinadequate.ThiscouldberemediedbyatinyfractionofWhatisbeingspentonmissiles.43_____________________________________________.Butitisnotonlygreaterexpenditurethatisneededineducation.Iftheterrorofwarwereremovedsciencecouldbedevotedtoimprovinghumanwelfareinsteadoftotheinventionofincreasinglyexpensive’methodsofmutualslaughter.44 Bythehelpofmodemtechniquestheworldcouldenteruponaperiodofhappinessandprosperityfarsurpassinganythingknowninprevioushistory.Allthisispossible.Itrequiresonlyadifferentoutlookoninternationalaffairsandadifferentstateofmindtowardthosenationswhicharenowregardedasenemies.ThisispossibleIrepeatbutitcannotbedoneallatonce.45_____________________________________________. A.Thereweremanywarsinthehistory4hatwastedalotofmoney. B.Andschoolswouldnolongerthinkitapartoftheirdutytopromotehatredofpossibleenemiesbymeansofignorancetemperedbylies. C.Atpresentthemajorityofmankindsuffersfromundernourishmentandinviewofthepopulationexplosionthissituationislikelytogrowworseincomingdecades. D.Educationisaverydifficultproblemnowandweshouldpayattentiontoit. E.Someofitatanyrateinthemoreprosperouscountriescouldbespentonthereductionoftaxation. F.Toreversethetrendofaffairsinthemostpowerfulnationsoftheworldisnolighttaskandwillrequireadifficultprocessofreeducation. G.EducationeverywherebutespeciallyinthenewlyliberatedcountriesofAfricaandAsiademandsanexpendituremanytimesasgreatasthatwhichitreceivesatpresent. 43
Text2 House-pricefallsaregatheringmomentumandarespreadingacrosstheUKaccordingtoamonthlypollofsurveyorswhichonMondaydelivereditsgloomiestreadingfornearly12years. Fifty-sixpercentofsurveyorscontactedbytheRoyalInstitutionofCharteredSurveyorsreportedpricefallsinthethreemonthstoOctober.Only3percentsawpricesriseintheirareacomparedwith58percentasrecentlyasMay. Therewasfurtherevidenceofslowingactivityinthepropertymarketasthenumberofsalespersurveyordivedtoanine-yearlow.Unsoldstockonagents’bookshasincreased10percentsincethesummer.IanPerryRics’nationalhousingspokesmansaiditwasnowveryclearthatbuyerswereunsettledbyhigherinterestrates. TheBankofEnglandraisedratesfivetimesto4.75percentoverthelastyeartocoolthepropertyboom. ButhealsoblamedcommentsbyMervynKingtheBank’sgovernorandmisleadingmediaheadlinesfor"injectingadditionaluncertaintyintothemarketbycontinuedspeculationovermoreseriouspricedeclines". "MervynKingpresumablyfeltthathehadtobemoreexplicitinthesummerwhenpeoplewerestillbuying.Hiswarningsofadropinpropertypricesthenhavehadthedesiredeffect. "Butourconcernnowisthatthependulumisswingingtoofar"hesaid. LastweektheBank’smonetarypolicycommitteepredictedforthefirsttimethat"housepricesmayfallmodestlyforaperiod"initsNovemberinflationreport.TheNationwideandHalifaxmortgagelendersbothshowedamodestmonthlydeclineinhousepricesintheirlatestloanapprovaldata. Althoughthemajorityofsurveyorsexpectpricestofallfurtherinthenextthreemonths Mr.PerrystressedthereweresignsofstabilizingdemandfrombuyersinLondon. "Londontendstobeaheadoftherestofthemarket.Andagentsaretellingusthatmorepeoplearelookingtobuy.Itismuchbetterthanitwas"Mr.Perrysaid. HoweverfallingpricescontinuedtospreadfromtheSouthofEnglandassurveyorsreportedthefirstcleardeclineinpricesinYorkshireandtheHumberthenorthandthenorth-west.Scotlandremainedtheonlyregionwithrisingprices. IntermsofthefutureofthepropertymarketMr.Perryseems
Inanidealworldthenation’seliteschoolswouldenrollthemostqualifiedstudents.Butthat’snothowit1Applicantswhoseparentsarealumsgetspecialtreatmentas2athletesandrichkids.Underrepresentedminoritiesarealsogiven3Thirtyyearsofaffirmativeactionhavechangedthecharacterof4whiteuniversities;nowabout13percentofallundergraduatesareblackorLatino.5arecentstudybytheCenturyFoundationfoundthatatthenation’s146most6schools74percentofstudentscamefromuppermiddle-classandwealthyfamilieswhileonlyabout5percentcamefromfamilieswithanannualincomeof7$35000orless. Manyschoolssaydiversity—racialeconomicandgeographic—is8tomaintainingintellectually9campuses.ButRichardKahlenbergoftheCenturyFoundationsaysthateventhoughcolleges10theywantpoorkids"theydon’ttryveryhardtofindthem11ruralstudentsmanycollegesdon’ttryatall."Unfortunatelywegowherewecan12asizablenumberofpotentialapplicants"saysTulaneadmissionschiefRichardWhitesidewho13aggressively—andinperson—frommetropolitanareas.Kidsinruralareasgetaglossy14inthemail. Evenwhenpoorruralstudentshavethe15fortopcollegestheirhighschoolsoftendon’tknowhowtogetthemthere.Admissionsofficers16guidancecounselorstodirectthemtopromisingprospects.In17highschoolsguidancecounselorsoftenhavepersonal18withbothkidsandadmissionsofficers.Inruralareasateacheracounseloror19analumnus"canhelpputaruralstudentonourradarscreen"saysWesleyanadmissionsdeanNancyMeislahn.Butpoorruralschoolsrarelyhavecollege20withthoseconnections;withoutthemadmission"canbeacrapshoot"saysCarnegieMellon’sSteidel. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.10points11
Text2 House-pricefallsaregatheringmomentumandarespreadingacrosstheUKaccordingtoamonthlypollofsurveyorswhichonMondaydelivereditsgloomiestreadingfornearly12years. Fifty-sixpercentofsurveyorscontactedbytheRoyalInstitutionofCharteredSurveyorsreportedpricefallsinthethreemonthstoOctober.Only3percentsawpricesriseintheirareacomparedwith58percentasrecentlyasMay. Therewasfurtherevidenceofslowingactivityinthepropertymarketasthenumberofsalespersurveyordivedtoanine-yearlow.Unsoldstockonagents’bookshasincreased10percentsincethesummer.IanPerryRics’nationalhousingspokesmansaiditwasnowveryclearthatbuyerswereunsettledbyhigherinterestrates. TheBankofEnglandraisedratesfivetimesto4.75percentoverthelastyeartocoolthepropertyboom. ButhealsoblamedcommentsbyMervynKingtheBank’sgovernorandmisleadingmediaheadlinesfor"injectingadditionaluncertaintyintothemarketbycontinuedspeculationovermoreseriouspricedeclines". "MervynKingpresumablyfeltthathehadtobemoreexplicitinthesummerwhenpeoplewerestillbuying.Hiswarningsofadropinpropertypricesthenhavehadthedesiredeffect. "Butourconcernnowisthatthependulumisswingingtoofar"hesaid. LastweektheBank’smonetarypolicycommitteepredictedforthefirsttimethat"housepricesmayfallmodestlyforaperiod"initsNovemberinflationreport.TheNationwideandHalifaxmortgagelendersbothshowedamodestmonthlydeclineinhousepricesintheirlatestloanapprovaldata. Althoughthemajorityofsurveyorsexpectpricestofallfurtherinthenextthreemonths Mr.PerrystressedthereweresignsofstabilizingdemandfrombuyersinLondon. "Londontendstobeaheadoftherestofthemarket.Andagentsaretellingusthatmorepeoplearelookingtobuy.Itismuchbetterthanitwas"Mr.Perrysaid. HoweverfallingpricescontinuedtospreadfromtheSouthofEnglandassurveyorsreportedthefirstcleardeclineinpricesinYorkshireandtheHumberthenorthandthenorth-west.Scotlandremainedtheonlyregionwithrisingprices. Theauthorprobablybelievesthat
Text4 YoucouldbenefitfromflippingthroughthepagesofICan’tBelieveYouAskedThatabookbyauthorPhillipMilanothat’ssubtitledANo-Holds-BarredQ&AAboutRaceSexReligionandOtherTerrifyingTopics. ForthepastsevenyearsMilano—whodescribeshimselfas"astraightwhitemiddleclassmarriedguyraisedinanaffluentsuburbofChicago’—asoperatedyforumcomaWebsitethatwascreatedtogetustalking.Throughthepostingofprobingprovocativeandsometimessimplyinanequestionsandtheanswerstheygeneratepeopleareencouragedtohaveano-holds-barredexchangeontopicsacrossracialethnicandculturallines.Moreoftenthannotthequestionsgrowoutofourbiasesandfearsandthestereotypesthatfuelmisunderstandingamongus. AswiththeWebsiteMilanohopeshisbookwillbeasocialandculturalelixir."Thetimeisrightforanew’cultureofcuriosity’tobegintounfoldwithpeoplefinallybreakingdownthelastbarriertoimproveraceandculturalrelations"byactuallytalkingtoeachotherabouttheirdifferencesMilanosaidinane-mailmessagetome.MilanowiselyusedtheInternettosparktheseconversations.Insevenyearsithasgenerated50000postings—manyofthemquestionsthatpeoplefindhardtoaskinaface-to-faceexchangewiththesubjectsoftheirinquiries. ButinhisbookwhichwaspublishedearlierthismonthMilanogivesreadersanopportunitytoreadthequestionsandamixofanswersthatmadeitontohisWebsite."Iamcuriousaboutwhatpeoplewhohavebeenblindfrombirth’see’intheirdreams"a13-yearoldboywantedtoknow."Whydosomanymentallydisabledpeoplehavesuchpoor-lookinghaircutsand’nerdy’clothes"awomanasked."HowdoAfrican-AmericansperceiveGod"awhiteteenagerwantedtoknow."DotheypraytoawhiteGodorablackGod" LikeIsaidthesequestionscangeneratearangeofemotionsandreactions.ButthepointofMilano’sWebsiteandhisbookisnottogetpeoplemadbuttoinformus"aboutthelivesandexperiences"ofothers.Thoughmanyoftheanswersthatpeopleofferedtothequestionsposedinhisbookareconflictingtheseresponsesarebalancedbythecommentsofexpertswhoseresponsestothequeriesalsoappearinthebook. Gettingpeopletoopenlysaywhattheyarethinkingaboutthingsthatgiverisetostereotypesandbigotryhasneverbeeneasy.Mostofussavethoseconversationsforgatheringsofpeoplewholookorthinklikeus. ThelastbarrierParA．3mentionedinMelano'se-mailrefersto
Text4 EachtimeyoustepintothosefadedoldJeansyouputonapieceofhistory.Theworld’sfavoritetrousersarenowoverahundredyearsoldandhere’showtheystartedout. ThefirstJeansweremadein1850intheCaliforniagoldrush.AmannamedLeviStraussrealizedthatthegold-diggers’normaltrousersweren’tstrongenoughfortheworktheyhadtodoandwerewearingOutquickly.Strausshadsomestrongcanvaswhichhewasgoingtomakeintotentsandwagoncoverstoselltotheworkers.InsteadhemadesometrousersoutofitandthesebecamethefirstJeans.Theywerebrownandcalledthewaist-highoverall. ThetrouserssoldwellandStraussbeganlookingaroundforwaysofmakingthemeventougher.Hefoundamaterialthatwasbetterthancanvas--adurablecottonthatwasmanufacturedonlyinthesouthofFrance.InatowncalledNimesthematerialwasdenim--thenamecomingfromtheFrenchforfrom"Nimes".Straussorderedboatloadsofthismaterialandtokeepthecolourconsistenthaditalldyedindigoblue.ThetrousersbecameknownasbluedenimsorbluejeanstheWordjeanisthoughttocomefromGenoa.Italian’sailorsfromtheportofGenoaworetrouserssimilartojeansonthebigtradingships. IntheearlydayscowboysfarmersminersandtimberJacks--allpeopleassociatedwithhardwork--worejeans.Buttherewereafewdesignproblemswiththeearlystyles--ascowboysdiscoveredtotheircost.Whentheycrouchedtooclosetothecampfiretherivetthemetalbuttonstrengtheningthejeansatthebottomoftheflygottoohotandbecameveryuncomfortable.Levididnttakemuchnoticeofthecowboyscomplaintsuntilthe1940swhenacompanyofficialcrouchedtooclosetoacampfireandexperiencedtheproblemfirst-hand.Thecrotchrivetwassoonremoved. Inthefiftiesandsixtiesjeansrepresentedrebellion.FilmstarslikeJamesDeanElvisPresleyandMarilynMonroeworethemasdidpopstarsliketheBeatlesandtheRollingStones. Fashionschangedintheseventiesandjeansbecameflared--tightatthehipandwideatthebottom.Theywereveryverytight--ifyoucouldgetthezipupwhilestandinguptheyweren’ttightenough.Youhadtoliedownonthebedtodothemup;forareallyskin-tightfitpeoplewouldlieinabathintheirjeansandwaitforthemtoshrink! Asthetrousersbecamemoreandmoresuccessfulotherjeansmanufacturersstartedup--suchasWrenglerPepeandLee. Butjeanshavehadtheiropponentsinsomecountries--suchastheoldSovietUnion--jeansbecameaprizedstatussymboloftheWest.TheysuggestedthataSovietcitizenhadeithertraveledabroadorhadcontactsintheWest.Sotheauthoritiesdiscouragedthewearingofjeans.AndinJapan’aconsumers’associationadamantlyrefusedtosellonemanufacturer’sfashionablerippedjeansbecauseitfeltthesewereinterioranddefectiveproduct! Jeanswerenotpopularinsomecountriesforreasons.
Inanidealworldthenation’seliteschoolswouldenrollthemostqualifiedstudents.Butthat’snothowit1Applicantswhoseparentsarealumsgetspecialtreatmentas2athletesandrichkids.Underrepresentedminoritiesarealsogiven3Thirtyyearsofaffirmativeactionhavechangedthecharacterof4whiteuniversities;nowabout13percentofallundergraduatesareblackorLatino.5arecentstudybytheCenturyFoundationfoundthatatthenation’s146most6schools74percentofstudentscamefromuppermiddle-classandwealthyfamilieswhileonlyabout5percentcamefromfamilieswithanannualincomeof7$35000orless. Manyschoolssaydiversity—racialeconomicandgeographic—is8tomaintainingintellectually9campuses.ButRichardKahlenbergoftheCenturyFoundationsaysthateventhoughcolleges10theywantpoorkids"theydon’ttryveryhardtofindthem11ruralstudentsmanycollegesdon’ttryatall."Unfortunatelywegowherewecan12asizablenumberofpotentialapplicants"saysTulaneadmissionschiefRichardWhitesidewho13aggressively—andinperson—frommetropolitanareas.Kidsinruralareasgetaglossy14inthemail. Evenwhenpoorruralstudentshavethe15fortopcollegestheirhighschoolsoftendon’tknowhowtogetthemthere.Admissionsofficers16guidancecounselorstodirectthemtopromisingprospects.In17highschoolsguidancecounselorsoftenhavepersonal18withbothkidsandadmissionsofficers.Inruralareasateacheracounseloror19analumnus"canhelpputaruralstudentonourradarscreen"saysWesleyanadmissionsdeanNancyMeislahn.Butpoorruralschoolsrarelyhavecollege20withthoseconnections;withoutthemadmission"canbeacrapshoot"saysCarnegieMellon’sSteidel. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.10points5
Text3 Fiercelyindependent90year-oldVincenziaRinaldiwouldn’tconsiderahomehealthaideornursinghome.SoLouisCritellihernephewhadtocoaxthewidowedhomemakerintoassistedlivingthenation’sgrowinglong-termcareoptionfortheelderly.For$1100amonthRinaldibecamethereluctantresidentofanefficiencyunitwhereshecouldstillsimmerhermuch-lovedtomatosauceandwherecaregiverswouldmakesureshetookherpills. Instead30monthslatershedied.Notbecauseshewasold.ButbecauseaidesathernewhomeLorettoUticaCenteroneofthemodernhotel-stylefacilitiesthathavesproutedacrossthecountryoverthepastdecademistakenlygaveheranotherresident’sprescriptionmedication.Thaterrorledtoherdeathstateinspectorsconcluded. NeitherthestatenorLorettotoldhernephewaboutthecauseofdeath.CritellithinkinghisaunthadbeenproperlyearedforonlylearnedofthefindingyearslaterfromUSATODAY."Whentheyfindsomethingblatantlikethatyou’dthinkthey’dtellthefamily"theshakennephewtoldareporterafteralongpause. AUSATODAYinvestigationshowsthatRinaldi’sdeathrepresentsthetragicextremeinapatternofmistakesandviolationsthatleadtoscoresofinjuriesandoccasionaldeathsamong theestimated1millionelderlyresidentsofassistedlivingfacilities.Thecentersarethestate-regulatedlargelyprivate-payresidencesthathelpseniorswithmedicationandotheractivitiesofdailylife. Inawide-ranginganalysisUSATODAYreviewedtwoyearsofinspectionrecordswithin2000-02formorethan5300assistedlivingfacilitiesinsevenstates:AlabamaArizonaColoradoFloridaIndianaNewYorkandTexas.Theprecisetimeperiodvariedslightlyfromstatetostate.Theanalysiscoveredabroadrange—frommom-and-popfacilitieswithjustafewresidentstocorporate-runcenterswithscoresofbedsandmanylevelsofcare.Itisthefirsttimesuchdatahavebeengatheredandanalyzedacrosssomanystates.Thereviewincludedless-detaileddatafromfiveotherstatesandfocusedonbroadquality-of-carecategoriestocompensateforvariationsinregulationsfromstatetostate. Asaffluentandmiddle-classAmericanscopewiththeinfirmitiesofagemanyturntoassistedlivingasanalternativetoanursinghomeindustrythathasbeenperiodicallyplaguedbyabuseorneglectscandals.Eventhoughassistedlivingfacilitiesgenerallydon’tprovide24-hourskilledmedicalcaretheyincreasinglyserveseniorswhoonlyadecadeagomighthavebeeninnursinghomes. Critelli'sresponsetotherealcauseofheraunt'sdeathwas
Inanidealworldthenation’seliteschoolswouldenrollthemostqualifiedstudents.Butthat’snothowit1Applicantswhoseparentsarealumsgetspecialtreatmentas2athletesandrichkids.Underrepresentedminoritiesarealsogiven3Thirtyyearsofaffirmativeactionhavechangedthecharacterof4whiteuniversities;nowabout13percentofallundergraduatesareblackorLatino.5arecentstudybytheCenturyFoundationfoundthatatthenation’s146most6schools74percentofstudentscamefromuppermiddle-classandwealthyfamilieswhileonlyabout5percentcamefromfamilieswithanannualincomeof7$35000orless. Manyschoolssaydiversity—racialeconomicandgeographic—is8tomaintainingintellectually9campuses.ButRichardKahlenbergoftheCenturyFoundationsaysthateventhoughcolleges10theywantpoorkids"theydon’ttryveryhardtofindthem11ruralstudentsmanycollegesdon’ttryatall."Unfortunatelywegowherewecan12asizablenumberofpotentialapplicants"saysTulaneadmissionschiefRichardWhitesidewho13aggressively—andinperson—frommetropolitanareas.Kidsinruralareasgetaglossy14inthemail. Evenwhenpoorruralstudentshavethe15fortopcollegestheirhighschoolsoftendon’tknowhowtogetthemthere.Admissionsofficers16guidancecounselorstodirectthemtopromisingprospects.In17highschoolsguidancecounselorsoftenhavepersonal18withbothkidsandadmissionsofficers.Inruralareasateacheracounseloror19analumnus"canhelpputaruralstudentonourradarscreen"saysWesleyanadmissionsdeanNancyMeislahn.Butpoorruralschoolsrarelyhavecollege20withthoseconnections;withoutthemadmission"canbeacrapshoot"saysCarnegieMellon’sSteidel. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.10points13
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