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(06·浙江B.篇) It’s2035. You have a job, a family and you’re about 40 years old welcome to your fut...
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高中英语《2012 7年高考5年模拟试题汇编：阅读理解之科普知识类》真题及答案
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2010·浙江温岭繁昌高复学校高三第二次月考1.----ShallIgiveyouarideasyo
It couldn’t be better
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Welcometoyourfuturelife!Yougetupinthemorningandloo
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Theyearis2094.Ithasbeenannouncedthatacomet彗星isheadingtowardstheEarth.MostofitwillmissourplanetbuttwopieceswillprobablyhitthesouthernhalfoftheEarth.On17JulyapiecefourkilometerswideenterstheEarth’satmospherewithamassiveexplosion.AbouthalfofthepieceisdestroyedbuttheremainingparthitstheSouthAtlanticat200timesthespeedofsounD.TheseaboilsandahugeholeismadeintheseabeD.HugewavesarecreatedandspreadoutwardsfromtheholE.ThewallofwaterakilometerhighrushestowardssouthernAfricaat800kilometersanhour.CitiesontheAfricancoastaretotallydestroyedandmillionsofpeoplearedrowneD.BeforethewavesreachSouthAmericathesecondpieceofthecometlandsinArgentinA.EarthquakesandvolcanoesaresetoffintheAndesMountains.TheshockwavesmovenorthintoCaliforniaandallaroundthePacificOcean.ThecitiesofLosAngelesSanFranciscoandTokyoarecompletelydestroyedbyearthquakes.Millionsofpeopleinthesouthernhalfoftheeartharealreadydeadbutthenorthwon’tescapeforlong.Becauseoftheexplosionsthesunishiddenbycloudsofdusttemperaturesaroundtheworldfalltoalmostzero.CropsareruineD.Thesunwon’tbeseenagainformanyyears.WarsbreakoutascountriesfightforfooD.A.yearlaternomorethan10millionpeopleremainalivE.Coulditreallyhappen?InfactithasalreadyhappenedmorethanonceinthehistoryoftheEarth.ThedinosaurswereontheEarthforover160millionyears.Then65millionyearsagotheysuddenlydisappeareD.ManyscientistsbelievethattheEarthwashitbyapieceofobjectinspacE.Thedinosaurscouldn’tlivethroughthecoldclimatethatfollowedandtheydiedout.Willwemeetthesameend?326words64.Whatismainlydescribedinthepassage?A.A.historydiscovery.B.Aneventofimagination.C.A.researchonspacE.D.A.scientificadventurE.65.WhenthefirstpiecehitstheSouthAtlanticitcauses_____.A.anearthquakeB.damagestocitiesC.anEarthexplosionD.hugewaves66.Whycan’tthenorthernhalfoftheearthescapeforlong?A.Becausethelandiscoveredwithwater.B.Becausethelightandheatfromthesuncannotreachtheearth.C.Becausepeopletherecannotliveatthetemperatureofzero.D.Becausewarsbreakoutamongcountries.67.Bygivingtheexampleofdinosaurstheauthortriestoprove_____.A.animalscouldnotliveinthecoldclimateB.whathappened65millionyearsagowasaninventedstoryC.thehumanbeingswilldieoutin2094D.theEarthcouldbehitbyotherobjectsinspace
YellowstoneWeatherYellowstoneNationalParkisathighaltitude海拔.Mostoftheparkisabove7500feet2275meters.Yellowstone'sweatherisunpredictable.Insummeritmaybewarmand.sunnywithtemperaturesinthehigh70s.Atnightinanygivenmonththetemperaturemaydropclosefreezing.Soitisbesttocomepreparedforcoldeveningsandmorningsespeciallyifyouarecampingorhiking.Whenyouleaveyourcampsitepleaseleaveitpreparedforpossiblethundershowersandwind.Asunnywarmdaymaybecomefiercelystormywithwindrainsleetandsometimessnow.Withoutenoughclothinganeasydayhikeorboattripcanturnintoabattleforsurvival.72.Theauthorwritesthispassagemostprobablyforthosewhoplanto____inYellowstoneNationalPark.A.doresearchwork.B.takeabusinesstrip.C.havesportsgamesD.spendtheirholidaysortakeatour73.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesYeltowstone'sweather?A.Yellowstone'sweatherisgenerallychangeableanditsnowsmostattheyear.B.It'sneithertoohotinsummernortoocoldinwinter.C.Weatherinfallispleasantandtemperaturesneverfallbelowfreezing.D.It'sprettywarminthedayandverycoolatnightthroughouttheyear.74.IfyouareplanningtospendyourholidaysinYeilowstoneNationalParkinsummerwhatshouldyoutakewithyou?A.JustsomelightclothingsuchasT-shirtsorskirts.B.Justsomewarmclothingsuchassweatersandcoats.C.Bothlightclothingandwarmclothing.D.Eitherlightclothingorwarmclothing.75.Whatdoestheunderlinedwordreadingsreferto?A.literatureworksB.booksC.announcementsD.figures
MostBritishtelephonecardsarejustplaingreenbutcardcollectingisbecomingapopularhobbyinBritainandcollectorsevenhavetheirownmagazineInternationalTelephoneCards.Onereasonfortheirinterestisthatcardsfromaroundtheworldcomeinawidevarietyofdifferentandoftenveryattractivedesigns.Thereare100000differentcardsinJapanaloneandthereyoucanputyourowndesignontoablankcardsimplybyusingaphotographorabusinesscarD.Thefirsttelephonecardsproducedin1976wereItalian.FiveyearslaterthefirstBritishcardappearedandnowyoucanbuycardsinmorethanahundredcountries.PeopleusuallystartcollectingcardsbecausetheyareattractivesmallandlightandtheydonotneedmuchspacE.Itisalsoacheaphobbyforbeginnersalthoughforsomepeopleitbecomesaseriousbusiness.InParisforexamplethereisamarketwhereyoucanbuyonlytelephonecardsandsomeFrenchcardscostupto4000pounds.ThefirstJapanesecardhasavalueofabout28000pounds.Mostpeopleonlyseecardswithpricesliketheseintheircollectors’magazinE.56.Thepassageismainlyabout___A.thehistoryofphonecardsB.phonecardcollectingasahobbyC.reasonsforphonecardcollectingD.thegreatvarietyofphonecards.57.Themainreasonformostpeopletocollectphonecardsisthat___A.theyfindthecardsbeautifulandeasytokeepB.theyliketohavesomethingfromdifferentcountriesC.theywanttomakemoneywithcardsD.theythinkthecardsareconvenienttouse58.ThewritermentionsamarketinParisinordertoshowthat___A.cardcollectingispopularamongyoungpeopleB.FrenchandJapanesecardsarethemostvaluableC.peoplecanmakemoneyoutofcardcollectingD.cardcollectors’magazinesareveryuseful
TheIntelScienceTalentSearchisthetopsciencecompetitionforhighschoolstudentsintheUS.The40finalistswerehonoredinWashingtonlastweek.Theymetwithscientistsandpoliticians.PresidentsObamawelcomedthemtotheWhiteHousE.There40studentswereselectedfromalmost2000contestantsnationwidE.Theyhadtopresentoriginalresearchtobejudgedbyprofessionalscientists.Thestudentsshowedtheirresearchprojectsonlargeposters.ThewinnerswereannouncedonMarch15th2011.WendyHawkinsisexecutivedirectoroftheIntelFoundationWhosaysthe40finalistsrepresentedexcellenceacrossmanyareasofsciencE.SelenaLiisfromFairOaksCaliforniaShewantedtofindamoreeffectivetreatmentforlivercancer.Shebeganherresearchfouryearsago.A.scientistattheUniversityofCaliforniaDavistaughtherhowtodesignanddoexperimentalworkinthelaboratory.Ms.Liplaced5thintheIntelScienceTalentSearchandwasawarded30000dollars.ScottBoisvertlivesnearPhoenixArizonA.HebeganusingalaboratoryattheuniversityofArizonaattheageof14.Overfouryearshecompletedaprojectstudyingafungus真菌linkedtothedecreaseinamphibians两栖类动物aroundtheworlD.Hewastryingtofindoutifdifferentchemicalsandsubstancesinthewatercouldkilloffungus.HecollectedandtestedwatersamplesacrossArizonA.HesaysMyresultswereabletoidentifyalistofchemicalsthatweresignificantinthegrowthandinthemovementofthefungus.Heplaced10thintheIntelcompetitionandwasawarded20000dollars.EvanO’DorneyofDanvilleCaliforniawonthetopawardof100000dollarsinthisyear’sIntelScienceTalentSearch.ForhismathematicalprojectHecomparedtwowaystoestimatethesquarerootofanintegeranumberwithnofractionalparts.WendyHawkinsattheIntelFoundationsaystheseyoungpeoplerepresentthenextgenerationofscientistswhowillhelpshapeAmerica’sfuturE.71.Thispassageismainlyabout.A.40studentswereinvitedtovisittheWhiteHouseB.PresidentObamaawardedprizesto40studentslastweekC.thetopawardof100000dollarsinthisyear’sIntelScienceTalentSearchD.sometopstudentsintheIntelScienceTalentSearch201172.AccordingtothepassageifyouwanttowintheIntelScienceTalentSearchyoumust.A.havehighacademicachievementB.offeroriginalresearchC.beexcellentinallareasofscienceD.domanyexperimentsinauniversitylab73.Whowillbeprobablyengagedinmathstudyinthefutureandbecomeamathematician?A.WendyHawkins.B.SelenaLi.C.EvanO’DorneyD.ScottBoisvert.74.WhichstatementisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A.ScottBoisvertfoundanewfunguslinkedtothedecreaseinamphibians.B.ScottBoisvertistheyoungestwinneramongthe40students.C.TheIntelScienceTalentSearchisanintensecompetition.D.The1st5thand10thstudentsinthecompetitioncomefromCaliforniA.75.TheWendyHawkins’sattitudetothese40finalistis.A.positiveB.criticalC.negativeD.mixed
SeveraltimesmydaughterhadtelephonedtosayMotheryoumustcometoseethedaffodils黄水仙beforetheyareoverIwantedtogobutitwasatwo－hourdrivefromLagunatoLakeArrowheaD.IwillcomenextTuesdayIpromisedalittlereluctantlyonherthirdcall.NextTuesdaydawnedcoldandrainy.StillIhadpromisedandsoIdrovetherE.WhenIfinallywalkedintoCarolyn'shouseandhuggedandgreetedmygrandchildren.IsaiD.ForgetthedaffodilsCarolyn!TheroadisinvisibleinthecloudsandfogandthereisnothingintheworldexceptyouandthesechildrenthatIwanttosee！MydaughtersmiledcalmlyandsaiD.Wedriveinthisallthetimemother.YouwillneverforgiveyourselfifyoumissthisexperiencE.AfterabouttwentyminutesweturnedontoasmallgravelroadandIsawasmallchurch.OnthefarsideofthechurchIsawahand－letteredsignthatread:DaffodilGarden.Wegotoutofthecarandeachtookachild'shanD.AndIfollowedCarolyndownthepath.Thenasweturnedacornerofthepath.andIlookedupandgaspeD.Beforemelaythemostglorioussight.Therewerefiveacresofflowers.ButwhohasdonethisIaskedCarolyn.It'sjustonewomanCarolynanswereD.That'sherhomE.Carolynpointedtoawell－keptA.－framehousethatlookedsmallandmodestinthemidstofallthatglory.WewalkeduptothehousE.Onthepatio露台wesawaposter.AnswerstotheQuestionsIKnowYouAreAskingwastheheadlinE.ThefirstanswerwasasimpleonE.50000bulbs球茎itreaD.ThesecondanswerwasOneatatimebyonewoman.ThethirdanswerwasBeganin1958.IthoughtofthiswomanwhomIhadnevermetwhomorethanfortyyearsbeforehadbegun—onebulbatatime—tobringthebeautyandjoytothemountaintop.6.Theauthordidn'tgotoseethedaffodilsatfirstbecause________.A.shewasnotinterestedinthemB.theyweregrowingonamountaintopC.theweatherwasnotgoodenoughD.itwasalongdrivetoherdaughter'shouse7.WhichofthefollowingBESTdescribestheauthor'sfeelingseeingthedaffodils?A.AmazeD.B.DisappointeD.C.ConfuseD.D.MoveD.8.WhatdoweknowaboutthewomanlivingintheA.－framehouse?A.ShemustbeoutofminD.B.SheactedasagardenerherE.C.Ittookhergreatdeterminationtogrowthedaffodils.D.Shewaspoorandmadeherlivingbysellingdaffodils.9.WhatwouldbetheBESTtitleofthepassage?A.A.WonderfulDaffodilGardenB.A.RemarkableWomanC.OneBulbataTimeD.ILoveDaffodils10.Whatcouldtheauthorprobablylearnfromthisexperience?A.Nothingistoodifficultifyouputyourheartintoit.B.Wemustputtheinterestsofothersaboveourown.C.Wecanchangetheworldthroughourownefforts.D.It'snevertoolatetolearn.
Achemicalimportantofbraindevelopmentmayplayaroleinexplainingwhysomepeoplearegenetically由基因决定地likelytosufferfromanxietyandcouldleadtonewtreatmentsU..S.researcherssaiD.Theysaidhighlyanxiousratswhichwerekepthadverylowlevelsofabrainchemicalcalledfibroblastgrowthfactor2orFGF2comparedwithratsthatweremorerelaxeD.Butwhentheyimprovedtheanxiousrats'livingconditions—givingthemnewtoystoexploreandabiggercagetolivein—levelsofthisbrainchemicalincreasedandtheybecamelessanxious.Thelevelsofthisbrainchemicalincreasedinresponsetotheexperiencesthattheratswereexposedto.Italsodecreasedtheiranxiety.JavierPerezoftheUniversityofMichigansaidinatelephoneinterview.ItmadethembehavethesamewayastheratsthatwererelaxedhesaiD.InaformerstudyofpeoplewhowereseverelydepressedbeforetheydiedtheteamfoundthegenethatmakesFGF2wasproducingverylowlevelsofthegrowthfactorwhichisknownprimarilyfororganizingthebrainduringdevelopmentandrepairingitafterinjury.Perezthinksthebrainchemicalmaybeamarkerforgeneticvulnerability脆弱性toanxietyanddepression.Butitcanalsorespondtochangesintheenvironmentinapositivewaypossiblybypreservingnewbraincells.Whileboththecalmandanxiousratsproducedthesamenumberofnewbraincellsthesecellswerelesslikelytosurviveinthehigh－anxietyratstheteamfounD.GivingtheratsbetterlivingconditionsorinjectingthemwithFGF2helpedimprovecellsurvival.Thisdiscoverymaypavethewayfornewmorespecifictreatmentsforanxietythatwillnotbebasedonsedation药物镇静butwillinsteadfighttherealcauseofthediseaseDr.PierVincenzoPiazzafromFrancesaidinastatement.6.WeknowfromthepassagethatwiththelevelsofFGF2decreasingtheratswill________.A.dieofanxietysoonB.sufferfromaheadacheC.becomemorerelaxedD.becomemoreanxious7.What'sthebetterwaytoincreasethelevelsofFGF2?A.Introducingmorecompanionstotheanxiousrats.B.Improvingthelivingconditionsoftheanxiousrats.C.InjectingtheanxiousratswithsomespecialmedicinE.D.Givingtheanxiousratsmoretimetorelax.8.TheunderlinedworditinParagraph4refersto________.A.theteamB.thegeneC.thegrowthfactorD.thebrain9.What'sthemaininfluenceofthenewdiscovery?A.Doctorswon'tuseanymedicinetocureanxiety.B.Doctorsmaytreatanxietymoreefficiently.C.Doctorswillfindtherealcauseofanxiety.D.Doctorsmayfindnewmedicineforanxiety.10.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethemostsuitabletitleforthepassage?A.AnxiousratsandrelaxedratsB.Anxiety—aseriousmentaldiseaseC.ScientificresearchintothebrainisimportantD.Brainchemicalmayplaykeyroleinanxiety
AmericanfarmersfirstplantedgeneticallyengineeredGEcropsin1996.TodayeightypercentofthecroplandforsoybeanscornandcottonintheUnitedStatesistransgenic转基因的.Geneticengineeringaddsorchangesgenesinaplanttoproducedesiredqualities.TheUnitedStatesisoneofthetwenty-fivecountrieswherefarmersplantedgeneticallyengineeredcropsin2009.AnagriculturalbiotechnologygroupsaysGEcropsplantingdecreasedinEuropE.ButtheamountofcroplandplantedwithGEcropsrosebyaboutsevenpercentworldwidE.TheNationalResearchCouncilpartoftheNationalAcademiesinWashingtonrecentlypublishedastudy.ThestudyexaminedhowgeneticallyengineeredcropshaveaffectedfarmingintheUnitedStates.Itfoundthatmanyfarmershavebetterharvestsbetterweedcontrolandfewerlossesfrominsectdamagecomparedtotraditionalcrops.LaReesaWolfenbargerisaUniversityofNebraskabiologyprofessorandamemberofthecommitteethatwrotethereport.Shesaystheyfoundthatgeneticallyengineeredcropscanbebetterfortheenvironment.LaReesaWolfenbarger:Ingeneralwefindthatgeneticallyengineeredcropshavehadfewerharmfuleffectsontheenvironmentthannon-GEcropsproducedconventionally.Forexampleshenotedthatcropsdesignedtoresistdamagebyglyphosate草甘膦needfewerpesticides杀虫剂.Glyphosateisachemicalusedinweedkillingproducts.Butsomefarmershaveusedsomuchglyphosatethatanumberofkindsofweedscannowresistit.DavidErvinofPortlandStateUniversityinOregonledthecommitteethatwrotethereport.ProfessorErvinsaysthismeansthatsomefarmersareagainusingmorepoisonousherbicides除草剂tocontrolweeds.Hesaystheproblemneedsimmediateattention.EarlierthisyearaprofessorattheUniversityofWesternAustraliacommentedontheoveruseofglyphosatE.StephenPowleswroteaboutitintheProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofSciencesintheUnitedStates.Hesaidglyphosateisasimportantinworldwidefoodproductionaspenicillin青霉素isinmedicineforfightingdiseasE.Hecalledforbetteruseofglyphosate-resistantcroptechnology.64.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A.TheamountofcroplandplantedwithGEcropsincreasedbysevenpercentintheUS.B.TheamountofcroplandplantedwithGEcropsdecreasedinEuropE.C.AmericanfarmersfirstplantedGEcropstwodecadesago.D.EightypercentofthecropsintheUSaretransgeniC.65.IncomparisonwithtraditionalcropsGEcrops________.A.needbettersoilB.needmoreglyphosateC.canresistinsectattacksbetterD.aremorelikelytobebotheredbyweeds66.AccordingtoDavidErvin____________________.A.tocontrolweedsisquiteeasyB.glyphosateisoflittleusetoplantingC.glyphosateisasimportantaspenicillinD.peopleshouldattachgreatimportancetotheoveruseofherbicides67.Theauthorwritesthispassageto____________.A.advisepeopletostopusingpesticidesB.provethatGEcropshavebetterharvestsC.callonmorecountriestoplantGEcropsD.discusstheissuessurroundingGEcrops
Farm-raisedpigsaredirtysmellyanimalsthatgetnorespect.They’realsoanenvironmentalhazard.Theirmanure粪便containsphosphorus磷whichwhenitrainsrunsoffintolakesandriversconsumingoxygenkillingfishstimulatingalgae藻类overgrowthandemittinggreenhousegases.Doingawaywiththepigisnotanoption.Pigsprovidemoredietaryproteinmorecheaplytomorepeoplethananyotheranimal.NorthernEuropestillmaintainsthehighestpig-to-humanratio比率intheworld2-1inDenmarkbutEastAsiaiscatchingup.Duringthe1990sporkproductiondoubledinVietnamandgrewby70percentinChina—alongdenselypopulatedcoastlinespigdensityexceeds100animalspersquarekilometer.Theresultingpollutionisthreateningfragilecoastalmarinehabitatsincludingmangroves红树林coralreefsandseagrassesaccordingtoareportreleasedinFebruarybytheFoodandAgricultureOrganizationoftheUnitedNations.Asitturnsoutthereisasolutiontothepigproblembutitrequiresachangeofmind-setamongenvironmentalistsandthepublic.TwoCanadianscientistshavecreatedapigwhosemanuredoesn’tcontainverymuchphosphorusatall.IfthisvarietyofpigwereadoptedwidelyItcouldgreatlyreduceamajorsourceofpollution.ButtheEnviropigastheycallitistheproductofgeneticmodification—whichisanathema忌讳tomanyWesterners.TheEnviropigisoneofmanynewtechnologiesthatareputtingenvironmentalistsandorganic-foodsupportersinaquandary:shouldtheyremaincategorically无条件opposedtogeneticallymodifiedGMfoodsevenattheexpenseoftheenvironment?Elsewheretreesgrownforpapercouldbemadeamenabletomuchmoreefficientprocessingreducingbothenergyusageandtoxicchemicalbleach漂白剂inwastewaterfrompapermills.ThemostsignificantGMapplicationswillbeonesthathelplessentheproblemofagriculturewhichaccountsfor38percentoftheworld’slandmassandiscrowdingoutnaturalecosystemsandspecieshabitats.Chancesarefarmerswillcontinuetogrowtheirpollutingorganicporktheirallergenic引起过敏的organicsoyandtheirneurotoxin神经毒素sprayedorganicapples.Worsestilltheywillmakesurethatnooneelsegetsachoiceinthematterofimprovingtheconditionsoflifeonearth—unlessthatisothersriseupanddemandanalternative.36.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?A.Pigsbringmoredestructionthanbenefittohumanbeings.B.Noothercountrieshavethehigherpercentageofpig-to-humanthanEastAsia.C.Theporkproductionhasincreasedto70％inChina.D.Thepollutionbroughtbypigsisakillertothecreatureofthesea.37.ThereasonaccountingforthehesitationtoaccepttheideaoftheEnviropigis__________.A.thepoortechnologyB.thehighcostC.themoralconceptD.thedoubtfromthepublic38.Whatdoestheunderlinedwordquandarymean?A.anagreementB.anegotiationC.adilemmaD.anadventure39.Thenegativeinfluencebroughtbythetraditionalagricultureis_________-.A.morelivingspaceoccupationB.morecropimprovementC.morefoodproductionD.morechemicalapplication40.Whatisthebesttitleofthepassage?A.HowtoRaisePigsB.WhethertochoosetheGMFoodsC.What’sGMFoodsD.ThePollutionBroughtbyPigs
Isamousethatcanspeakacceptable?Howaboutadogwithhumanhandsorfeet?Scientiststhepeoplewiththeknow-howtomakesuchthingshappenarenowthinkingaboutwhethersuchexperimentsaremorallyrightornot.OnNov.10Britain’sAcademyofMedicalScienceslaunchedastudyontheuseofanimalswithhumanmaterialsinscientificresearch.TheworkisexpectedtotakeatleastayearbutitsleadershopeitwillleadtoguidelinesforscientistsinBritainandaroundtheworldonhowfartheycangomixinghumangenesintoanimalsinsearchofwaystofighthumandiseases.Dotheseconstructs构想challengeourideaofwhatitistobehuman?askedMartinBobrowaprofessorofmedicalgeneticsatCambridgeUniversityandchairofa14-membergrouplookingintotheissuE.ItisimportantthatweconsiderthesequestionsnowsothatappropriateboundariesarerecognizeD.Usinghumanmaterialinanimalsisnotnew.ScientistshavealreadycreatedmonkeysthathaveahumanformoftheHuntingdon’sgenesotheycanstudyhowthediseasedevelops;andmicewithlivers肝madefromhumancellsarebeingusedtostudytheeffectsofnewdrugs.Howeverscientistssaythetechnologytoputevergreateramountsofhumangeneticmaterialintoanimalsisspreadingquicklyaroundtheworld---raisingthepossibilitythatsomescientistsinsomeplacesmaywanttogofurtherthanismorallyacceptablE.LastyearinBritaintherewasalivelydebateovernewlawsallowingthecreationofhuman-animalembryos胚胎forexperiments.OnonesideofthedebatewerereligiousgroupswhoclaimedthatsuchscienceinterfereswithnaturE.Opposingthemwerescientistswhopointedoutthatsuchexperimentswerevitaltoresearchcuresfordiseases.Theexpertswillpublishreportsaftertheendofthestudyinwhichtheywillgivedefinitions定义foranimalembryoswithhumangenesorcellslookatsafetyandanimalwelfareissuesandconsidertherightlegalframeworktoworkwithin.72.WhatdoestheunderlinedwordtheyinParagraph2referto?A.ScientistsinBritainandaroundtheworlD.B.Leadersoftheresearch.C.Guidelinesforscientists.D.Scientificexperiments.73.Scientistsdoresearchofmixinghumangenesintoanimalsinorderto____.A.testnewdrugsonanimalsB.tofindwaystofighthumandiseasesC.provetheresearchismorallyacceptableD.createmonkeysandmicewithliversmadefromhumancells74.Wecaninferfromthepassagethat____.A.theexpertswillreleasereportsafterthestudyB.scientistshaveneverdoubtedtheuseofanimalswithhumanmaterialsC.thecreationofhuman-animalembryosforexperimentsislegalinBritainD.religiousgroupsholdthatcuresfordiseaseshavetobedonethroughexperiments75.Whatwouldbethebesttitleofthepassage?A.Morallyrightornot?B.A.debateaboutnewlawsC.CuresfordiseasesD.Animalembryoswithhumangenes
Fishhavestartedprotectingus.ItseemsunlikelybuttheIntelligentAutomationCorporationhasdevelopedasystemthatusesfishtoprotectourwatersupplies.Citiesandtownssharewaterwithmillionsofpeoplesoit’simportantthatthewateriscleanandsafetodrink.Bluegillswhicharesmallenoughtofitinyourhandarethefishthatareprotectingourwater.TheyarecommonfreshwaterfishnativetoAmericaandarealsoknownasbreamorsunfish.AccordingtotheAssociatedPressthebluegillswereoriginallyusedbytheArmytomakesurewaterwassafE.NowSanFranciscoNewYorkCityWashingtonD.Candseveralothercitiesusethebluegillmonitoringsystem.Thebluegillsystemworksbyconstantlyfillingthefishtankwithcityortownwater.A.smallgroupofbluegillsswiminthelocalwaterandarecloselymonitoreD.Bluegillsareverysensitivetotheirenvironment.ChangesintheenvironmentcausetheirbehaviorandbreathingpatternstochangE.TheycoughifthewaterispolluteD.Fishcoughbyflexingtheirgills鳃togetridofunwantedparticleslikegrainofsandfromtheirbreathingpassages.Ifthebluegillsarecoughingthecomputersendsanalarmviaemail.ThebluegillsinNewYorkCitydiscoveredandieselspill柴油外溢hoursbeforetheusualmonitors.Addingthebluegillsystemtoregularwaterprotectionmethodsresultedinanearlywarningandsaferwater.Peopleusethebluegillsystemtomonitorwatersupplies_____.A.becausetheyhavehighsensibilitytotheirenvironmentB.becausetheyareusedtoswimminginthefreshwaterC.becausetheycancoughbymeansoftheirgillsD.becausetheyareabletosende-mailsbycomputersWhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutBluegillsisNOTtrue?A.TheyareaboutthesizeofahumanhanD.B.TheyarefreshwaterfisheasilyfoundinAmericA.C.Theywereusedtosafeguardwaterinthearmy.D.Theyaresmarterthananyotherlivingthingonearth.Peopledecidewhetherthewaterispollutedbymeansof_____.A.informationsentbytheArmyB.thewarninge-mailthecomputersendsC.observingtheactivitiesofbluegillsD.constantlyfillingthefishtankwithwater
Thefutureofagriculturemustachieveseveralgoalsatthesametime.Firstitnowappearsthatwewillhavetodoubleworldfoodproductioninthenext40yearsduetopopulationgrowthincreasingmeatconsumptionandpressurefrombiofuels生物燃料.Wewillalsohavetoreducetheenvironmentalimpactsfromourfarmingpracticeswhichhavecausedwidespreaddamagetosoilsecosystemswatersandeventheatmosphere.Infactagriculture’simpactsareasbadasclimatechangeasanenvironmentalconcern.Besideswewillhavetoimprovefoodsecurityfortheworld’spoor.WhiletheGreenRevolutionofthe1960smadeitpossibletofeedhundredsofmillionsmorepeoplethaninearliererasthenumberoftheunder-nourishedintheworldhasstartedtoriseagain.Finallywewillhavetoincreasetherecoveringabilityofagriculturefromshocks.Todayourhigh-efficiencyglobalizedworldhasmanybenefitsbutitisvulnerable易受伤的todestructionwhetherfromdroughtsdiseasesorsuddenpricerises.Wemuststartbuildingbetterfoodsystemstobetterkeepusawayfromfutureshocks.Currentlytherearetwomodelsofagriculture:localandorganicagriculturevs.globalizedandindustrializedagriculture.Eachhasbeenstronglysupportedandseverelycriticizedbutneitherofthesemodelsstandingalonecanfullymeetourneeds.Organicagricultureteachesusimportantlessonsaboutsoilsnutritionandpestmanagement.Unfortunatelyorganicfoodprovideslessthan1%oftheworld’scaloriesmostlytothewealthy.Itishardtoimagineorganicfarmingdevelopingtofeed9billion.Globalizedandindustrializedagriculturehasbenefitsofhighoutputandlowlabordemands.Withoutitbillionsofpeoplewouldhavestarved.Howeverithascomewithenormousenvironmentalandsocialcostswhichcannotbesustained.Ratherthanvotingforjustonesolutionweneedathirdwaytosolvethecrisis.Let’stakeideasfrombothsidescreatingnewhybridsolutionsthatincreaseproductionsaveresourcesandbuildamoresustainableagriculture.Therearemanypromisingavenuestopursue.A.newthirdwayforagricultureisnotonlypossiblebutalsonecessary.Ourproblemsarehugeandtheywillrequireeveryoneatthetableworkingtogethertowardsolutions.67.Howmanygoalsofagriculturearementionedinthepassage?A.ThreeB.FourC.FiveD.Six68.Whichistrueaccordingtothepassage?A.Organicagriculturecanfeedmostpeopleintheworldnow.B.Industrializedagriculturedoesnoharmtoourenvironment.C.Modernfarmingiscriticizedwhileorganicfarmingisnot.D.Thefutureagriculturecan’tonlydependonorganicagriculture.69.Wecanlearnfromthepassagethat_______.A.everyonecanaffordtoenjoyorganicfoodatwillB.wewillvotetodecidewhichfarmingsystemtotakeC.thewriterisquiteoptimisticaboutfutureagricultureD.onlyexpertscanfindabetteragriculturalsolution70.What’sthebesttitleforthepassage?A.OrganicAgricultureVs.IndustrializedAgriculture.B.TheGoalsofFutureAgricultureandItsWayOut.C.A.ThirdPossibleandNecessaryWayforAgriculture.D.ModernGlobalizedandIndustrializedAgriculture.
Whatwouldyoudoifyouwerelostinthedarkforestatnight?Thefirstsensiblelessonisthatyoushouldn’tbothertryingtofindyourwayinthedarkatallbutjuststayputuntildawn.Becausethenyouwon’ttripoverthings?Nomainlybecauseyou’llhaveanideaofdirection.Thesunrisesintheeast.Butyouwillbeamazedathowmanypeopleforgettheyknowthat.Apparentlytheareaunderneathahollybushprovidesagoodmakeshiftshelter—theyarethickandevergreen.Thenextthingtodo—orrathernottodo—ispanicfortheobviousreasonthatunlessthereissomeonetheretohearyouscreamitwillgetyounowherE.Justtrytothinkofnicehappythings.Thereisalwaysapointinfilmswhenapersonwhoislostinthedesertorthesnowdehydrated脱水的andexhaustedcomesacrossasetoftheirownfootprintsandrealizestheyhavejustwalkedinahugeroundcirclE.Itiswrongtooweittotheunequalstrengthsordifferentlengthsofyourlegs.Experimentsprovethatwithoutthesunorthemoonorlandmarksasafixedguidelotsofsmallerrorsaddupovertimesothebraincan’tcorrectlyidentifythestraightaheaddirection.Tojustgetoutofsomewherepickaspotonthehorizonandjustheadforit.Thereareseveralwaystofinddirectionsinthedarkandbyfarthebestistoestablishnorthusingthestars.MostpeoplecanidentifythePloughwhichispartofUrsaMajor.Itlooksalotlikeasaucepan.ThePloughrotatesthroughtheskybutlet’simaginethesaucepanlyinghorizontally水平地withitshandleontheleft.Youneedtotracealinefromthestarattheright-handbaseofthepanthroughthestarattheright-handrim边沿andfollowitupwards;thenorthstarisroughlyfivetimesthedistancebetweenthosetwopointerstars.ThendropaverticallinefromtheNorthStartothehorizonandthat’snorth.TonightisverycloudyandIcan’tseethePlough.Maybeluckilyitisquitewindy.Keepinmindthatalmostallofourweathercomesfromasouth-westerlydirection.ThisonlyworksifyouareintheBritishIsles.Tofindthedirectionyoucanthrowlightbitsofdried-outgrassintheairandseewhichwaytheyblow;oriftherearecloudsandpatchesofclearskyseewhichwaytheyblowacrossthestars.Youcanalsogetanideaofdirectionfromleggyplants.Iftheylookasiftheyhavebeenblownovertheywillprobablybepointingnorth-east.Iftheyaresimplyleaninginonedirectionastheygrowthere’sagoodchancethatissouththeywillbereachingtowardsthesun.Thelastthingtodoistojudgeyourdirectionandoffyougo.67.Whatmightbethebesttitleofthepassage?A.HowtosurviveintheforestB.HowtoprotectyourselfintheforestC.HowtodirectyourwayoutofthewildD.Whattodoifyouarelost68.Whichofthefollowingpicturesmatchesthedescriptionofthepositionofthenorthstar?69.Whywillpeopleoftenwalkinacircleiftheyarelostinthedesertorthesnow?A.Becausewithoutanythingtorefertofordirectionsthebrainwillbeconfusedbyerrors.B.Becauseoneofthelegsislongerandstrongerthantheother.C.Becausethedesertorthesnowusuallycoversalargeareaforpeopletogetacross.D.Becausepeopleusuallyfeeldehydratedandexhaustedinthedesertorthesnow.70.IfyouwerelostinTaklimakanDesertinChina_________wouldNOTbedependableforyoutoidentifythedirections.A.thesunB.theNorthStarC.windD.themoon
LetussupposeitisnowaboutA.D.2060.Let'smakebelieveitisaboutsixtyyearsfromnow.Ofcoursethingshavechangedandlifeisverydifferent.Voyagestothemoonarebeingmadeeveryday.Itisaseasytotakeaholidayonthemoontodayasitwasforthepeoplein1960totakeaholidayinEuropE.Atanumberofscenicspotsonthemoonmanyhotelshavebeenbuiltthehotelsareair－conditionednaturally.Sothateveryonecanenjoythebeautifulsceneryonthemoon.Everyroomhasatleastonepicturewindow.EverythingimaginableisprovidedforentertainmentofyoungandolD.Whatarepeopleeatingnow?PeoplearestilleatingfooD.Theyhaven'tyetstartedtotakeontheirsupplyofenergydirectlyaselectricalcurrentorasnuclearpower.Theymaybesomeday.Butmanyfoodsnowcomeinpillformandthefoodthatgoesintothepillcontinuestocomemainlyfromgreenplants.Sincethereareseveraltimesasmanypeopleintheworldtodayastherewereahundredyearsagomostofourplanet'ssurfacehastobefilleD.Thedesertsareirrigatedwithwater.Cropsarenolongerdestroyedbypests.TheharvestisalwaysgooD.FarmingofcourseisveryhighlydevelopeD.Veryfewpeoplehavetoworkonthefarm.Itispossibletorunthefarmbyjustpushingafewbuttonsnowandthen.Peoplearenowlargelyvegetarians.YouseeasthenumberofpeopleincreasedthenumberofanimalsdecreaseD.ThereforethepeoplehavetobevegetariansandwearehealthierinbothourbodiesandourmindstooandweknowthecausesandcureofdiseasesandpainanditispossibletogetridofdiseasE.NoonehastobeillanymorE.Suchwouldbeourlifein2060.6.Whatarethehotelsonthemoonusedforin2060?A.Scientificexperiments.B.Peoplewhohavenohouses.C.Astronauts.D.HolidaypeoplE.7.WhichofthefollowingisWRONG?A.InthestorythepopulationoftheworldhasincreaseD.B.Voyagestothemoonarebeingmadeeveryday.C.A.greatnumberofpeopleworkonthefarm.D.Thefoodcomesmainlyfromgreenplants.8.Accordingtothepassagewhyarepeoplelargelyvegetarians?A.Becausemostpeoplelikevegetablesbetter.B.BecausethenumberofpeopleincreasedandthenumberofanimalsdecreaseD.C.Becausepeoplethinkmeatisunhealthy.D.Becausetherearenoanimalsatall.9.Accordingtothepassagewhataboutthepeople'shealthin2060?A.Becausethepeoplehavetobevegetarianstheyareverythin.B.Thepeoplehavenoillness.C.Thedoctordon'tknowhowtotreatthediseasesandpain.D.Thepeoplearelesshealthierinourbodiesthaninourminds.10.Whenwasthepassagewritten?A.InaboutA.D.2060.B.Inabout1960.C.Inabout2000.D.Inabout2004.
Therearedifferentwaysinwhichpeopletrytodealwiththeproblemofenergy.Onewayisthegreaterproductionofcommonenergysources能源suchascoaloilandgas.ThetroublewiththesesourceshoweveristhattheyarenotrenewablE.Anotherwayisenergyconservation节能whichmeansusingenergymoreefficiently有效地.Insomeverycoldcountriespeoplebuildspecialhousestosaveenergy.Theyplacematerialsbetweentheinsideandtheoutsideofthewallsofthehousetokeepthecoldoutandthewarmthin.Thehouseisheatedbythelightsthebodyheatofthepeopleandtheotherequipmentinit.Finallyrenewableenergysourcesareusedeventhoughtheyareoftenexpensivetodevelop.Oneformoftheseisgeothermalenergy.Incertainpartsoftheworldthetemperatureoftheearthincreasesthirtydegreescentigradewitheachkilometredown.Atsixkilometresthereforeitrisestonearlytwohundreddegrees.Togettheheatwaterispumped压;抽downintotherocksandbackuptothesurfacE.Heatfromtheearthisalreadyusedincertaincountries.68Howmanywaysofdealingwiththeenergyproblemarediscussedinthetext?A.TwoB.ThreeC.FourD.FivE.69.Thewritertellsaboutthespecialhousesbecausethey__________A.showtheexcellentskillsofthebuildersB.serveasanexampleofenergyconservationC.areheatedbydifferentsourcesofenergyD.arewarmerthanothertypesofhouses70.Theunderlinedwordsgeothermalenergyinthethirdparagraphmean________A.renewablesourceB.undergroundsourceC.heatinsidetheearthD.temperatureoftheearth71.Ataplacewherethesurfacetemperatureis15℃howdeepdoyouhavetodigsoastogetatemperatureof75℃?A.Onekm.B.Twokm.C.Threekm.D.Fourkm.
Everyoneknowswemustexerciseregularlytomaintaingoodhealth.IndeedstayingphysicallyfitisabigpartofourculturE.WeconsiderandrightlysothathealthypeopleareattractivepeoplE.Sincemostofuswanttobeattractivethereisnoshortageofexerciseclubstrainingvideosmagazinesandbooksofferingtohelpusstayphysicallyfit..Unfortunatelyhoweverourculturedoesnotplacethesameemphasis重视onmentalfitness.Althoughweadmireandlovemenandwomenwithstrongandhealthy-lookingbodieswedon’thavethesamedegreeofrespectorattractionforsmarteducatedandmentallyhealthypeoplE.Thisisashamebecausethereareimmenserewardsforpeoplewhohavedevelopedtheabilitytothinkwell.Ifyourmindiswelltrainedandflexible灵活的youwillbeabletounderstandagreatdealofwhathappensaroundyou.Andifyouarealsowelleducated---thatisifyouunderstandbasicsciencemathematicsmusicartliteraturehistoryandsoon---youwillfinditmucheasiertomakegooddecisionsthroughoutyourlifE.OverthelongrunthisleadstoasenseofcontroloveryourdestinyandamuchbetterlifethanotherwisE.Peoplewhoarepoorlyeducatedorwhodon'tthinkwell---thatispeoplewhoarenotmentallyfitseethingsdifferently.Theirworldiscontrolledbymysteriousbutoftenmalevolent有恶意的forces.SuchpeoplelivewithinasystemtheywillnevermasterforcedtofollowtherulestheywillneverunderstanD.Althoughitmaynotbeobviousmostpeoplespendtheirlivesbeingmanipulated控制byothers.Theyaretoldwhattodowhattothinkhowtospendtheirmoneyandwhattheyshouldandshouldnotaspire渴求toinlifE.Inmyopinionifyouwanttolivewellyoumustbeabletouseyourmindwel1.ForthisreasonIwantyoutobeabletoconcentratesolveproblemunderstandcomplexideasandthinkclearlyandquickly.Suchskillswillmakeiteasierforyoutomakeinformeddecisionsunderstandcurrenteventschoosegoodfriendsmanageyourmoneywellmakewiselong-termdecisionsandappreciatemusicartandliteraturE.Thekeytodevelopingsuchskillsistoenjoylearningandtohavetheabilityandmotivationtoteachyourself.60.Thewriterofthepassagefeelsdisappointedthat_____.A.somepeopledon’thavetheskilltomakegooddecisionsB.theworldofthephysicallyhealthypeopleiscontrolledbymysteriousforcesC.mentallyhealthypeoplearenotaspopularasphysicallyhealthypeopleD.toomuchhasbeendonetohelppeoplestayphysicallyfit61.Theunderlinedwordthisinparagraph3refersto______.A.theunderstandingofagreatdealofwhatgoesonaroundyouB.theunderstandingofbasicscienceandmathematicsC.goodtraininginbodyandmindD.beingabletomakegooddecisionsinlife62.Thewriterofthepassagethinksthatthosewhoarenotmentallyfit_____.A.liveapoorandmysteriouslifeB.can’tcontrolovertheirlifeC.oftendowhatothersdoD.enjoybeingfooledandruled63.Thebesttitleofthepassagewillmostprobablybe______.A.MindHelpsYouMoreB.TrainYourMindC.MakeInformedDecisionsD.LearnMoretoHelpYourself
TheInternethasledtoahugeincreaseincredit-cardfrauD.YourcardinformationcouldevenbeforsaleinanillegalwebsitE.WebsitesofferingcheapgoodsandservicesshouldberegardedwithcarE.On-lineshopperswhoentertheircredit-cardinformationmayneverreceivethegoodstheythoughttheybought.Thethievesthengoshoppingwithyourcardnumber—orselltheinformationovertheInternet.Computershackershavebrokendownsecuritysystemsraisingquestionsaboutthesafetyofcardholderinformation.Severalmonthsago25000customersofCDUniverseanon-linemusicretailer零售商werenotlucky.Theirnamesaddressesandcredit-cardnumberswerepostedonaWebsiteaftertheretailerrefusedtopayUS$157828togetbacktheinformation.Credit-cardfirmsarenowfightingagainston-linefrauD.MasterCardisworkingonplansforWeb—onlycreditcardwithalowercreditlimit.Thecardcouldbeusedonlyforshoppingon-linE.HoweverthereareafewsimplestepsyoucantaketokeepfrombeingcheateD.Askaboutyourcredit-cardfirm’son-linerules:UnderBritishlawcardholdershavetopaythefirstUS$78ofanyfraudulent欺骗性的spending.Andshoponlyatsecuresites;Sendyourcredit-cardinformationonlyiftheWebsiteoffersadvancedsecuresystem.Ifthesecurityisinplacealetterwillappearinthebottomright-handcornerofyourscreen.TheWebsiteaddressmayalsostarthttps://—theextrasstandsforsecurE.Ifindoubtgiveyourcredit-cardinformationoverthetelephonE.Keepyourpasswordsafe:Moston-linesitesrequireausernameandpasswordbeforeplacinganorder.TreatyourpasswordswithcarE.45.WhatdomostpeopleworryabouttheInternetaccordingtothispassage?A.Manystolencredit-cardsweresoldontheInternet.B.ToomuchfraudontheInternet.C.ManyWebsitesaredestroyeD.D.ManyillegalWebsitesareontheInternet.46.Whatisthemeaningoffraudinthepassage?A.Cheating.B.SalE.C.Payment.D.Safety.47.Howcanthethievesgettheinformationofthecreditcard?A.Thecustomersgivethemtheinformation.B.ThethievesstealtheinformationfromWebsites.C.Thecustomersselltheinformationtothem.D.Thethievesbuytheinformationfromcredit-cardfirms.48.Youareshoppingonthesite:http://www.Shopping.comandyouwanttobuyaTVsetwhatdoesthisarticlesuggesttodo?A.OrdertheTVsetatoncE.B.DonotbuytheTVsetonthissitE.C.E-mailthesiteyourcredit-cardinformation.D.TellthesiteyourpasswordandbuytheTVsetforyou.
Asthepopulationoftheplanetincreasessodoesthenumberofhomesbusinessesparkinglotsschoolsairportsandroadways.Allthesestructuresuseelectricityandneedtobelighted.Humansdemandtheselights.Theywanttheirhomesmorecomfortableandtheywanttheirstreetssage.Theproblemisthatresearchersarefindingthatallthelightishavinganegativeeffectonhumansandwildlifeaswell.Lessthan10yearsagoIdrovetoathinlypopulatedsectionofmytownlaydowninthemiddleoftheroadandwatchedanattractedmeteorshower流星雨.Theareawasshortofhomesstreetlightsandtraffic.IfIdidthattodayIwouldn’tbeabletoseethemeteorshoweraswellandIwouldsurelyberunoverbyacar.Nowadaysscientistsarefindinglightpollutioncanbealmostasbadascarbondioxidepollution.Ifyou’veevertakenaflightatnighttheviewisbeautifulbutyoumustrememberthatallthelightyouseeiswastedelectricity.Thecrewofthespaceshuttlesseeanevenbiggerpictureofhowextensivethewastedelectricityisworldwide.Additionallyelectricityneedstobegeneratedandthegenerationofelectricitycreatespollutionbygivingoffgreenhousegases.Thisaffectstheairwebreatheandourqualityoflife.Scientistsarealsostudyingtheeffectsoflightpollutiononwildlife.Thousandsofbirdsdieeachyearwhentheycrashintohighlylightedbuildingsastheybecomepuzzledbythelight.Ithasbeenlongknownthattinyseaturtlehatchlingsbecomelostandfollowlightsontheshoreinsteadofheadingtowardsthesea.Fortunatelylightpollutionisoneoftheeasiestsourcesofpollutionthatcanbecorrectedwithoutanegativeeffect.FollowingsomeguidelinesandalittlesearchingonGooglecangiveyoumanyideasonhowtoreduceyourcontributiontolightpollution.67.Theauthortellsthestoryinthesecondparagraphmainlyto_________.A.rememberthepastbeautyofthetown.B.stresstheadvantagesoflesspollutionC.showthegreatchangesofthetownD.provethebadeffectsoflightpollution68.Inthepassagetheauthoradvisespeople_________.A.totrytoreduceunnecessarylight.B.nottoignorethebeautyaround.C.tosetproperlightforanimalsD.nottodestroytheanimal’slivingconditions.69.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?A.Lightpollutionisdifficulttodealwith.B.Lightpollutionisathreattosomeanimals.C.LightpollutionhasnothingtodowithglobalwarmingD.Astronautscan’tseeclearlyinspaceduetolightpollution.70.Whatismostlikelytobediscussedintheparagraphwhichfollowsthelastparagraph?A.Theauthor’scontributiontolightpollutionB.OthersourcesoflightpollutionC.WaysofreducinglightpollutionD.Morebadeffectsoflightpollution
Whatdoesitfeelliketobreakabone?It’sdifferentforeveryonebutthepainisoftensharp.Ifthebreakissmallhoweverthepersonmaynotfeelmuchpainatall.Ifyouthinkthatyouorsomeoneelsehasbrokenabonethemostimportantthingstodoaretostaycalmmakethehurtpersoncomfortableandcallthedoctor.DonotmovetheinjuredbodypartsincemovementcouldmakeitworsE.TotreatthebreakthedoctorwillneedtotakeanX-ray.Thisgivesthedoctortheinformationheorsheneedstoset接上thebone:toputitbacktoitsnormalplacE.Iftheboneislargeoritisbrokeninmorethanoneplacethedoctormayneedtousemetalpins钢钉tosetit.Afterthebonehasbeensetthenextstepisusuallyputtingonacastthespecialhardthingthatwillkeeptheboneinplaceforamonthortwo.Yourbonesareexcellentathealingthemselves.Brokenboneswillproducemanynewcells细胞andtinybloodvessels血脉.ThesecoverbothendsofthebrokenpartandcloseupthebreakuntiltheboneisaswholeandstrongasbeforE.47.Whensomeonebreakshisbonethefollowingshouldbedoneexcept______.A.askingthedoctorforhelpB.comfortingthehurtpersonC.movingtheinjuredpartD.stayingcalm48.Whichisthecorrectordertotreatthebreak?A.takeanx-rayB.usemetalpinstosetitC.putitbacktoitsnormalplaceD.putonacastA.a→b→c→dB.a→c→b→dC.a→d→c→bD.d→a→b→c49.TheunderlinedwordhealinParagraph3isclosestinmeaningto______.A.breakagainB.becomeworseC.woundorhurtD.becomehealthyagain50.Wherewouldyouprobablyreadthispassage?A.Inastorybook.B.Onaposter.C.Inahealthcarebook.D.Inachemistrybook.
Withpetroleumreserves石油储量decreasingthesearchisontoreplacegaswithacleanergreeneralternativE.Thoughmucheco－talkhascenteredonbiofuelsfromcornandsoybeansthebiofuelthatlooksmorelikelytoreplacepetroleumcomesfromamostunlikelysource:algae藻类.Algaelikecornsoybeansandothercropsgrowviaphotosynthesis光合作用andcanbeprocessedintofueloil.Howevertheyyield30timesmoreenergythanlandcropssuchassoybeansaccordingtotheU..S.DepartmentofEnergy.Manyalgaespeciesalsocangrowinsaltwaterandpollutedwater—whilecornandsoyrequirearablelandandfreshwaterthatwillbeinshortsupplyastheworld'spopulationballoons.Ifyoureplacedallthediesel柴油intheU..S.withsoybiodieselitwouldtakehalfthelandmassoftheU..S.togrowthosesoybeanssaysMattCasparichiefexecutiveofAuroraBiofuelsaBerkeleyCalif－basedprivatefirmthatspecializesinalgaeoiltechnology.OntheotherhandtheEnergyDepartmentsaysthatifalgaefuelreplacedallthepetroleumfuelintheUnitedStatesitwouldrequire15000squaremileswhichisafewthousandmileslargerthanMaryland12407squaremilesthe42ndstateinlandareA.Anotherbonus:Becausealgaecanbegrownjustaboutanywhereinaclosedspacethey'rebeingtestedatseveralpowerplantsacrossthenationasacarbonabsorber.Smokestackemissions烟囱排放物canbepumpeddirectlyintothepondsfeedingthealgaewhilekeepinggreenhousegasesoutoftheatmospherE.Althoughprocessingtechnologyforalgaefuel－alsoknownasoilgaeinsomeenvironmentalistcircles—isimprovingit'sstillyearsawayfromreachingyourlocalgaspump.It'sjustaquestionofcostbecausenolarge－scalefacilitieshavebeenbuiltyetCasparisays.1.TheunderlinedwordyieldinParagraph2canbereplacedby________.A.controlB.requireC.produceD.grow2.Comparedwithcornandsoybeansalgae________.A.maypollutewaterandsoilB.cangrowinpoorconditionsC.providemuchlessenergyD.needmorespecialcare3.AccordingtoParagraph3oneoftheadvantagesofalgaefuelisthat________.A.itcanbeusedmorewidelyB.itismoreeasytoproduceC.itneedsmuchlesslandD.itcostsmuchlessmoney4.WhatdowelearnaboutalgaefromParagraph4?A.Algaehelpprotecttheenvironment.B.PeoplecangrowalgaeanywherE.C.FishcangetmoreoxygenfromalgaE.D.AlgaeproducelesswastE.5.Whatdoesthepassagemainlytalkabout?A.Environmentalprotection.B.Biofuelsfromcornandsoybeans.C.Thefalsehopeofbiofuels.D.A.promisingoilalternativE.
Ifyoucanreadaclockyoucanknowthetimeoftheday.Butnooneknowswhattimeitselfis.OnewaytothinkabouttimeistoimagineaworldwithouttimE.ButtherecouldbenomovementbecausetimeandmovementcannotbeseparateD.Inearlyhumanhistorytheonlychangesthatseemedtorepeatthemselvesevenlywerethemovementsofobjectsinthesky.Themosteasilyseenresultofthesemovementswasthedifferencebetweenlightanddarkness.Thesunrisesintheeasternskyproducinglight.Itmovesacrosstheskyandsinksinthewestcausingdarkness.Theappearanceanddisappearanceofthesunwasevenandunfailing.TheperiodsoflightanddarknessitcreatedwerethefirstacceptedperiodsoftimE.Wehavenamedeachperiodoflightanddarknessoneday.Peoplesawthesunrisehigherintheskyduringthesummerthaninwinter.Theycountedthedaysthatpassedfromthesun’shighestpositionuntilitreturnedtothatposition.Theycounted365days.WenowknowthatisthetimeEarthtakestomoveoncearoundthesun.Wecallthisperiodoftimeayear.TheyalsodevelopedawaytousethechangingfacesofthemoontotelltimE.ThemoonwasfullwhenitsfacewasbrightandrounD.Theearlyhumanscountedthenumberoftimesthesunappearedbetweenfullmoons.Theylearnedthatthisnumberalwaysremainedthesame---about29suns.Wenowknowthisperiodoftimeasonemonth.Earlyhumanshuntedanimalsandgatheredwildplants.TheymovedingroupsortribesformplacetoplaceinsearchofgooD.Thenpeoplelearnedtoplantseedsandgrowcrops.AshunterspeopledidnotneedawaytomeasuretimE.Asfarmershowevertheyhadtoplantcropsintimetoharvestthembeforewinter.TheyhadtoknowwhentheseasonswouldchangE.Sotheydevelopedcalendars.NooneknowswhenthefirstcalendarwasdevelopeD.Butitseemspossiblethatitwasbasedonmoonsorlunarmonths.41.TheunderlinedwordunfailinginparA.2isclosestinmeaningto_______.A.reliableB.everlastingC.limitedD.changing42.WhichofthefollowingisNOTthemethodearlypeopleusedtotelltime?A.SunpositionB.SunlightnessC.MoonshapeD.Plantingcrops43.Whydidpeopleinventthefirstcalendartomeasuretime?A.Becauseearlyhumanshuntedanimalsandgatheredwildplants.B.BecauseearlyfarmershadtogrowandharvestcropsintimE.C.Becauseearlypeoplehadtosearchforfoodingroups.D.BecauseearlyhumansmovedingroupsortribesfromplacetoplacE.44.WhichofthefollowingisTRUE?A.WhyearlypeopledevelopedcalendarsisnotclearB.Whenthefirstcalendarwasdevelopedremainsunknown.C.Whatearlypeoplebasedthefirstcalendaroniscertain.D.Howearlypeoplecountedadayisstillunknown.45.Itcanbeconcludedfromthetextthat______.A.timeandmovementarelooselyrelatedevenatpresentdaysB.thelightanddarknessdifferencesofthesunweretheonlymovementsinskyC.theperiodoftwenty-ninesunsiscalledonemonthD.earlyhumansfirstacceptedperiodsoftimecreatedbythemoon.
Thestereotype固有观念ofcomputerscientistsasnerdswhostayupallnightcodingandhavenosociallifemaybedrivingwomenawayfromthefieldaccordingtoanewstudypublishedthismonth.ThisstereotypecanbebroughttomindbasedonlyontheappearanceoftheenvironmentinaclassroomoranofficE.Whenpeoplethinkofcomputersciencetheimagethatimmediatelypopsintomanyoftheirmindsisaboutthecomputergeek怪人surroundedbysuchthingsascomputergamessciencefictionandjunkfoodsaidSapnaCheryanauniversityofWashingtonassistantprofessorofpsychologyandthestudy'sleadauthor.Thatstereotypedoesn'tappealtomanywomenwhodon'tliketheportraitofmasculinity男性化.Cheryansetupfourexperimentsinvolvingmorethan250femaleandmalestudentswhowerenotstudyingcomputersciencetolookatpossiblereasonswhytheproportionofwomeninthefieldisdroppingwhiletheproportionofwomeninsuchdisciplinesasbiologymathematicsandchemistryisincreasing.InthefirstexperimentstudentsenteredasmallclassroomthateithercontainedobjectsstereotypicallyassociatedwithcomputersciencesuchasStarTrekpostersvideogameboxesandCokecansornon－stereotypicalitemssuchasnaturepostersartadictionaryandcoffeecups.Thestudentsweretoldtoignoretheseobjectsbecausetheroomwasbeingsharedwithanotherclass.Afterspendingseveralmomentsintheclassroomthestudentsfilledoutquestionnaires调查问卷thataskedabouttheirattitudetowardcomputersciencE.Womenexposedtothestereotypicalsetupexpressedlessinterestincomputersciencethanthosewhosawthenon－stereotypicalobjects.MenplacedinthesamesituationsdidnotshowasimilardropininterestincomputersciencE.Cheryansaidthisstudysuggeststhatastudent'schoiceofclassesoramajorcanbeinfluencedbytheappearanceofclassroomshallsandoffices.6.TheunderlinedwordnerdsinParagraph1probablyrefersto________.A.dullpersonsB.activepersonsC.intelligentpersonsD.funnypersons7.Womenarelesslikelytochoosecomputersciencebecause________.A.itistoodifficultforthemB.theyhavewrongunderstandingofitC.thelifestyleofcomputerscientiststurnsthemawayD.theydon'tlikethesociallifeofcomputerscientists8.A.womanwouldprobablyloseinterestincomputersciencewhensheseesa________.A.StarTrekposterB.natureposterC.dictionaryD.coffeecup9.Whatcaninfluenceawoman'schoiceofclassesaccordingtothepassage?A.ThecontentsofcomputersciencE.B.Thespaceintheclassroom.C.Thenumberofstudentsintheclassroom.D.Theclassroomenvironment.10.Accordingtotheexperimentwomenaremorelikelytochoosecomputerscienceif________.A.itismademorelivelyandinterestingB.theyareexposedtothestereotypicalsetupC.theyseethenon－stereotypicalobjectsintheclassroomD.theyareallowedtolearnitwithoutmen
IfEnglishmeansendlessnewwordsdifficultgrammarandsometimesstrangepronunciationyouarewrong.Haven'tyounoticedthatyouhavebecomesmartersinceyoustartedtolearnalanguage?AccordingtoanewstudybyaBritishuniversitylearningasecondlanguagecanleadtoanincreaseinyourbrainpower.Researchersfoundthatlearningotherlanguageschangesgreymatter.Thisistheareaofthebrainwhichprocessesinformation.Itissimilartothewaythatexercisebuildsmuscles.ThestudyalsofoundtheeffectisgreatertheyoungerpeoplelearnasecondlanguagE.AteamledbyDrAndreaMechellifromUniversityCollegeLondontookagroupofBritonswhoonlyspokeEnglish.Theywerecomparedwithagroupofearlybilingualswhohadlearntasecondlanguagebeforetheageoffiveaswellasanumberoflaterlearners.Scansshowedthatgreymatterdensity密度inthebrainwasgreaterinbilingualsthaninpeoplewithoutasecondlanguagE.ButthelongerapersonwaitedbeforemasteringanewlanguagethesmallerthedifferencE.Ourfindingssuggestthatthestructureofthebrainischangedbytheexperienceoflearningasecondlanguagesaidthescientists.Itmeansthatthechangeitselfincreasestheabilitytolearn.ProfessorDylanVaughanJonesoftheUniversityofWaleshasresearchedthelinkbetweenbilingualismandmathsskills.Havingtwolanguagesgivesyoutwowindowsontheworldandmakesthebrainmoreflexible灵活的hesaiD.Youareactuallygoingbeyondlanguageandhaveabetterunderstandingofdifferentideas.ThefindingswerematchedinastudyofnativeItalianspeakerswhohadlearnedEnglishasasecondlanguagebetweentheagesof2and34.ReadingwritingandcomprehensionwerealltesteD.Theresultsshowedthattheyoungertheystartedtolearnthebetter.Studyingalanguagemeansyougetanentrancetoanotherworldexplainedthescientists.6.Themainsubjecttalkedaboutinthispassageis________.A.scienceonlearningasecondlanguageB.man'sabilityoflearningasecondlanguageC.languagecanhelpbrainpowerD.languagelearningandmathsstudy7.Inthesecondparagraphthewritermentionsexerciseinorderto________.A.saylanguageisalsoakindofphysicallaborB.provethatoneneedsmorepracticewhenhesheislearningalanguageC.showtheimportanceofusingthelanguagewhenyoulearnthelanguageD.makepeoplebelievelanguagelearninghelpsgreymatterworkwell8.Theunderlinedwordbilingualprobablymeans________.A.aresearcheronlanguagelearningB.asecondlanguagelearnerC.apersonwhocanspeaktwolanguagesD.anactivelanguagelearner9.Wemayknowfromthescientificfindingsthat________.A.theearlieryoustarttolearnasecondlanguagethehigherthegreymatterdensityisB.thereisnodifferencebetweenalatersecondlanguagelearnerandonewhodoesn'tknowasecondlanguageC.theexperienceoflearningasecondlanguagehasbadeffectonpeople'sbrainD.theabilityoflearningasecondlanguageischangingallthetime10.Inthelasttwoparagraphstheauthorwantstotellusthat________.A.learningasecondlanguageisthesameasstudyingmathsB.earlylearningofasecondlanguagehelpsyouagreatdealinstudyothersubjectsC.ItalianisthebestchoiceforyouasasecondlanguageD.you'dbetterchoosetheagesbetween2and34tolearnasecondlanguage
Inaworldwithlimitedlandwaterandothernaturalresources资源theharmfromthetraditionalbusinessmodelisontherisE.Actuallythepastdecadeshasseenmoreandmoreforestsdisappearingandglobebecomingincreasinglywarm.Peoplenowrealizethatthisunhealthysituationmustbechangedandthatwemustbeabletodevelopinsustainable可持续的ways.Thatmeansgrowthwithlowcarbonordevelopmentofsustainableproducts.Inotherwordsweshouldkeeptheearthhealthywhileusingitssupplyofnaturalresources.Todaysustainabledevelopmentisapropertrendinmanycountries.Accordingtoarecentstudytheglobalmarketforlow-carbonenergywillbecomethreetimesbiggeroverthenextdecades.Chinaforexamplehassetitsmindonleadingthatmarkethopingtoseizechancesinthenewroundoftheglobalenergyrevolution.Itisnowtryinghardtomakefulluseofwindandsolarenergyandisspendingahugeamountofmoneymakingelectriccarsandhigh-speedtrains.Inadditionwearealsoseeinggreatgrowthintheglobalmarketsforsustainableproductssuchaspalmoil棕榈油whichisproducedwithoutcuttingdownvaluablerainforest.Inrecentyearsthemarketsforsustainableproductshavegrownbymorethan50%.Governmentscanfullydevelopthepotentialofthesenewmarkets.Firsttheycansethightargetsforreducingcarbonemissions排放andtargetsforsavingandreusingenergy.Besidesstrongerarrangementofpublicresourceslikeforestscanalsohelptospeedupthedevelopment.FinallygovernmentscanavoidthehugeexpensesthataretakingusinthewrongdirectionandredirectingsomeofthoseexpensescanacceleratethechangefromtraditionalmodeltoasustainableonE.Themajorchallengeofthiscenturyistofindwaystomeettheneedsofgrowingpopulationwithinthelimitsifthissingleplanet.Thatisnosmalltaskbutitoffersabundantnewchancesforsustainableproductindustries.53.ThetraditionalbusinessmodelisharmfulbecauseofallthefollowingEXCEPTthat______.A.ItmakestheworldwarmerB.itconsumesnaturalresourcesC.itbringsseveredamagetoforestsD.itmakesgrowthhardtocontinue54.WhatcanweinferfromParagraph2?A.Chinalackswindandsolarenergy.B.Chinaistheleaderofthelow-carbonmarket.C.High-speedtrainsarealow-carbondevelopment.D.Palmoilismadeatthecostofvaluableforests.55.Tofulldevelopthelow-carbonmarketsgovernmentcan______.A.cutpublicexpensesB.forbidcarbonemissionC.developpublicresourcesD.encourageenergyconservation56.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?A.Tointroduceanewbusinessmodel.B.Tocomparetwobusinessmodels.C.Topredictachangeoftheglobalmarket.D.Toadvocatesustainabledevelopment.
Thoreauandothernaturalistshavepraisedthebenefitsofnaturetoyourstateofmindintheirworksbuttherearesomeresearchesshowinghownaturemakesyousmarter.A.studyhasfoundthatexposuretothegreatoutdoorsimprovescognitive认知的function.Expertshavecalledthisattentionrestorationtherapy注意力修复治疗.InthestudyresearchersfromtheUniversityofMichiganaskedagroupofvolunteerstocompleteatakedesignedtochallengememoryandattention.ThevolunteersthentookawalkineitheraparkorindowntownAnnArbor.Afterthewalkvolunteersreturnedtothelabandwereretestedonthetask.Theperformanceonthememoryandattentiontaskgreatlyimprovedinpeoplefollowingthewalkintheparkbutdidnotimproveinthosewhowalkeddowntown.Whynaturemakesyousmarter?Accordingtotheexpertsonereasonhastodowithhownatureaffectsyourattention.Youhavetwotypesofattention.Oneisinvoluntarywhereyourattentionisattractedbysomestimuli刺激物.Andtheotheroneisdirectedattentionwhereyoucontrolyourattention.DirectedattentionisimportantformemoryresolvingconflictandreducingabsentminD.Beinginnatureexposesyoutosoothingstimulithatengagesyourinvoluntaryattention.ItgivesyourdirectedattentionarestandachancetobecomereneweD.Whenyouareinacityyouareconstantlyvigilant警觉的yourdirectedattentionisturnedonandcannotgetarest.RichardLuovcreatedthetermnaturedeficit缺乏disorderdisordertodescribeaconditionofbeingsooutoftouchwithnaturethatwelosehumilityourspiritualityourhumanityandwealsoareathigherriskofobesity肥胖depressionandotherdiseasE.HisfirstbookLastChildintheWoodswasaboutthenegativeeffectsofanaturedeficitonchildrenbuthisnewbook.TheNaturePrincipledescribeshowadultsareequallyatriskiftheyseldomspendtimewithnaturE.Ifyoucan’tbeinnaturetodaygetascreensaverofnaturE.Inanotherpartofthestudypeoplewhoweresimplyshownphotosofnaturedidbetteroncognitivefunctionthanthoseshownurbanimages.ButIthinkitwillbebetterforyoutogooutandexperiencetherealthings.61.Whichofthefollowingprobablybelongstotheattentionrestorationtherapy?A.Doingexerciseinthegym.B.ReadingThoreau’sworksathomE.C.Joggingaroundintheshoppingmall.D.Walkingorrunningthroughalocalpark.62.FromthesecondparagraphwecanlearnallEXCEPTthat.A.thestudywasconductedbyexpertsofUniversityofMichiganB.thestudyisaboutpeople’smemoryandattentionC.thestudyindicatesnaturehasagoodeffectonmemoryandattentionD.theparticipantsshouldwalkinboththeparkanddowntown63.Accordingtothepassagewhenoneisconsideredtoengageyourinvoluntaryattention?A.Rememberingthings.B.RelaxinginnaturE.C.Solvingproblems.D.Beingcautious.64.WhichistheCORRECTinformationaboutRichardLuov?A.Hefoundthereasonforobesity.B.Hewroteabookaboutchildren’sproblems.C.Hehaspublishedanewhealthbook.D.HecreatedatermtodescribepeoplewhospendlittletimeinnaturE.65.whichofthefollowingwouldtheauthorhighlyadvisereaderstodo?A.GetapictureofnaturE.B.Avoidwatchingurbanimages.C.SetyourscreenwithanimageofnatureasthebackgrounD.D.GooutandspendtimeinnaturE.
Thebiggestsafetythreatfacingairlinestodaymaynotbeaterrorist恐布分子withagunbutthemanwiththeportablecomputerinbusinessclass.Inthelast15yearspilotshavereportedwellover100incidentsthatcouldhavebeencausedbyelectromagnetic电磁interference干扰.Thesourceofthisinterferenceremainsunconfirmedbutincreasinglyexpertsarepointingtheblameatportableelectronicdevicesuchasportablecomputersradioandcassetteplayersandmobiletelephones.RTCAanorganizationwhichadvisestheaviation航空industryhasrecommendedthatallairlinesban禁止suchdevicesfrombeingusedduringcriticalstagesofflightparticularlytake-offandlanding.Someexpertshavegonefurthercallingforatotalbanduringallflights.Currentlyrulesonusingthesedevicesareleftuptoindividualairlines.Andalthoughsomeairlinesprohibit禁止passengersfromusingsuchequipmentduringtake-offandlandingmostarereluctanttoenforceatotalbangiventhatmanypassengerswanttoworkduringflights.Thedifficultyispredictionhowelectromagneticfieldsmightaffectanaircraft’scomputers.Expertsknowthatportabledeviceemitradiationwhichaffectsthosewavelengthswhichaircraftusefornavigationandcommunication.Butbecausetheyhavenotbeenabletoreproducetheseeffectsinalaboratorytheyhavenowayofknowingwhethertheinterferencemightbedangerousornot.Thefactthataircraftmaybevulnerable易受损的tointerferenceraisestheriskthatterroristsmayuseradiosystemsinordertodamagenavigationequipment.Anotherworryingthoughisthepassengerwhocan’theartheinstructionstoturnoffhisradiobecausethemusicistooloud.48.Whatissaidabouttheover100aircraftincidentsinthepast15years?A.Theymayhavetakenplaceduringtake-offandlanding.B.Theymayhavebeencausedbythedamagetotheradiosystems.C.Theyweresuspectedtohaveresultedfromelectromagneticinterference.D.Theywereprovedtohavebeencausedbythepassengers’portablecomputers.49.Fewairlineswanttoimpose强加atotalbanontheirpassengersusingelectronicdevicesbecause.A.theyhaveothereffectivesafetymeasurestofallbackonB.theydon’tbelievethereissuchadangerasradiointerferenceC.theharmfuleffectofelectromagneticinterferenceisyettobeprovedD.mostpassengersrefusetotakeaplanewhichbanstheuseofradioandcassetteplayers50.Whyisitdifficulttopredictthepossibleeffectsofelectromagneticfieldsonanairplane’scomputers?A.Becauseexpertslackadequateequipmenttodosuchresearch.B.Becauseitisextremelydangeroustoconductsuchresearchonanairplane.C.Becauseitremainsamysterywhatwavelengthsareliabletobeinterferedwith.D.Becauseresearchscientistshavenotbeenabletoproducethesameeffectsinlabs.
APlanForExploringMarsNASAismovingaheadwithplanstoputalong－armedlanderonMars'icynorthpoletosearchforclues线索forwaterandpossiblesignsoflifE.TheMYM386millionPhoenixMarsisplannedtotouchdownintheMartianarcticin2008.Thestationaryprobewilluseitsroboticarmtodigintotheicylandandpickupsoilsamples标本样品toanalyzE.In2002theMarsOdysseyorbiterspottedevidenceofice－richsoilnearthearcticsurfacE.ScientistshopethePhoenixmissionwillfindcluestothegeologichistoryofwaterontheRedPlanetanddeterminewhethermicrobes微生物existedintheicE.PhoenixwillbethefirstmissionoftheMarsScoutprogramarenewedlow－costefforttostudytheRedPlanet.ThePhoenixmissionexploresnewterritoryinthenorthernplainsofMarsanalogoustothepermafrostregionsonEarthPeterSmithsaiD.TruetoitsnamePhoenixrosefromtheashesofprevious先前的missions.ThelanderforPhoenixwasbuilttoflyaspartofthe2001MarsSurveyorprogram.Buttheprogrambrokedownafterthewell－knowndisappearanceoftheMarsPolarLanderin1999.ThePolarLanderlostcontactduringalandingattemptneartheplanet'ssouthpoleafteritsrocketengineshutoffprematurely_causingthespacecrafttofallabout130feettoalmostcertaindestruction.ThePhoenixprobehadbeeninstorageataLockheedMartincleanroominDenverbeforeitwasreusedforitspresentmission.ItwillcarryscienceinstrumentsthatweredesignedfortheMarsSurveyorprogramincludinganimprovedpanoramiccameraandatrench－diggingroboticarm.PhoenixwillliftofffromtheKennedySpaceCenterinAugust2007andlandontheplanetninemonthslater.1.Thepassagemainlytellsreadersthat________.A.cluesofwaterwillbefoundinPhoenixB.PhoenixwillbesenttofindcluesofwateronMarsC.August2007willseePhoenixliftoffD.theMarsScoutprogramwillbecarriedout2.TheunderlinedwordprematurelyParagraph5means________.A.ontimeB.behindthetimeC.outofworkD.aheadoftime3.AccordingtothepassageweknowPhoenixwilllandonMars________.A.inMay2008B.inAugust2007C.inAugust2008D.inSeptember20084.AccordingtothepassagethenamePhoenixisafterthemeaningof________.A.rebirthB.deathC.energyD.hope5.AfterPhoenixlandsonMarswecaninferitwillfirstly________.A.findsoilsamplesandsendthemtotheearthB.lookfortheicylandtodigforthesoilsamplesC.takephotosandsendthemtotheearthD.findtheremainsoftheMarsPolarLander
AllEskimoslivemostoftheirlivesclosetoseaorfreshwater.Theymayfollowgameinlandforseveralhundredmilesbuttheyalwaysreturntotheshoresofriverslakesorseas.Eskimolandhasabarelook.LargerockspebblesandsandcovermuchofthesurfacE.Plantscalledlichen地衣growontherocksandwherethereisenoughsoilgrassflowersandevensmallbushesmanagetolivE.NotreescangrowonEskimolandsogeographerssometimescallittheArcticplains.TherearesomeanimalsinEskimolandsuchasrabbitswhicheattheplants.Otheranimalslikethewhitefoxandthegraywolfeattherabbits.TheEskimoisameat－eatertooandmayeveneatawolfwhenfoodisscarcE.TheEskimoyearhastwomainpartsAlongcoldwinterandashortcoolsummer.SpringandfallarealmosttooshorttobenoticeD.Summeristhebesttimeasfoodisusuallyplentiful.ButitisalsothetimewhenEskimosareverybusy.Winterisneverfarawayandthemenmustbringhomeextrameatforthewomentoprepareandstoreforseldomcanenoughanimalsbekilledinwintertofeedafamily.TheFarNorthissometimescalledthelandofthemidnightsun.ThisistrueinthemiddleofsummerforbetweenApril21standAugust21stthesunneversetsinNorthernGreenlanD.ButinmidwintertheFarNorthisalandwithnosunshineatall.AroundOctober21sttheEskimosofNorthernGreenlandseethesunsetdirectlysouthofthemandtheydon'tseeitagainuntilFebruary22nD.Allplacesonearthgetaboutthesameamountofdaylightduringayear.Asaresultifsummerislighterwinterhastobedarker.WinternightsintheFarNorthareseldompitch－black.Asintherestoftheworldthestarsandmoonprovidealittlelight.ThenorthernlightsalsohelptheEskimotoseE.AndwiththegroundcoveredwithsnowevenalittlelightisreflectedbacktotheEskimo'seyes.6.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?A.Eskimosdonotusuallyeatwolves.B.Eskimosliketochaseoneanother.C.Eskimosdependheavilyonwater.D.Eskimosaremeat－eaters.7.IntheEskimoyear________.A.thereisnospringandfallB.winteriscoldandsummerishotC.summerisatimeforgrowingfoodD.wintercomesearlyandgoeslate8.What'sthemeaningoftheunderlinedwordpitch－blackinParagraph4?A.Darkwithalittlelight.B.A.littledark.C.Notdarkatall.D.Extremelydark.9.FromthepassagewecaninferallofthefollowingEXCEPTthat________.A.EskimosaremorelikelytoeatwolvesinsummerB.EskimowomenareresponsibleforhouseworkC.meatisthemainsourceoffoodfortheEskimoD.huntingisanimportantpartofEskimolife10.WhyissummerlighterintheFarNorth?A.BecausetheFarNorthisfarawayfromthesun.B.Becausethesunisnotseenforfivemonthsoftheyear.C.Becausethesunneversetsinmidsummer.D.Becausepeopleseethesunsetdirectlysouthofthem.
Wuggingorweb-usegivingdescribestheactofgivingtocharityatnocosttotheuser.ByusingEveryclick.comwhichisbeingaddedtoanumberofuniversitycomputersacrosstheUKstudentscanraisemoneyeverytimetheysearch;butitwon’tcostthemapenny.Researchshowsthatstudentsareextremelypassionateaboutsupprtingcharity-88%offull-timestudentshaveusedtheIntenettogivetocharity.ThisagegroupisoftentheleastlikelytohavetheirownincomE.19%of22yearoldshaveshort-termdebtsofmorethan£5000.Withrisingpersonaldebtlevelsinthisagegroupduetouniversitytuitionfeesorpersonalloansandalackoflong-termsavingstraditionalmethodsofdonatingtocharityareoftennotappealingorpossiblE.BethTrumana21-year-oldrecentuniversitygraduatehasusedEveryclick.comtodonatetoherchosencharitytheRSPCAfortwoyearsandhasseenthewugginggrowinpopularitywithstudents.wugginggrowinpopularitywithstudents.Whenyou’reatuniversityyoubecomemoresociallyawarebutit’ssometimeshardtogivetootherswhenyouhavelittlemoneyyourselfsaysBeth.Wuggingisgreatforpeopleinthisagegroupasitallowsthemtousethetechnologyonadailybasistogivetocharitywithoutcostingthemasinglepenny.Wuggingisperfectforpeoplewhowanttobemoresociallyawareandsupportivebutdon’tfeeltheyhavethemeanstodoso.Studentsusingthewebcanraisemoneyforcausestheycareaboutwithoutcostingthemanythingintermsoftimeormoneyandcharitiesgetavaluablesourceoffunding.Everyclick.comworkslikeanyothersearchengineallowinguserstosearchforinformationnewsandimagesbutusescandecidewhichoftheUK’s170000charitiestheywouldliketosupportthroughtheirclicksEveryclick.comthenmakesmonthlypaymentstoeveryregisteredcharity.LaunchedinJune2005Everyclick.comisnowtheeighthlargestsearchengineandoneofthebusiestcharitywebsitesintheUK.66.Accordingtothepassagewuggingisactually.A.awebsiteB.acharity-relatedactionC.aschoolorganizationD.astudentmovement67.InthecaseofcharityEveryclick.com.A.freesstudentsofthefinancialworriesB.receivesmuchmoneyfromstudentsC.offersvaluableinformationtostudentsD.praisesstudentsfortheirmoney-raising68.whatdoesBethTrumanthinkofthewuggingmovement?A.ItmakesEveryclick.comepopularintheUKB.ItbecomeseasytodocharitybecauseofitC.Itresultsinstudents’moresocialawarenessD.Ithelpsstudentstosavemoney69.Fromthepassagewecanconcludethat.A.mostfull-timestudentsdocharityontheInterneteverydayB.Everyclick.comhelpsstudentspayforthecollegeeducationC.wuggingisawin-winideaforbothstudentsandcharitiesD.Everyclick.comisthemostsuccessfulsearchengineintheUK.70.Whatwouldbethetitleforthispassage?A.wugginganewpopulattermontheInternet.B.Britishpeopleshowstronginterestincharity.C.MoreBritaincharitiesbenefitfromtheInternet.D.Studentsraisemoneyforcharitybywugging
Todaytheworldisrapidlyurbanizing.Withhalfoftheworldpopulationexpectedtoliveincitiesbytheearlypartofthe21stcenturytheShanghai2010WorldExpo’sfocusonabettercitybearsprofoundmeaning.Whatmightfuturecitieslooklike28yearsfromnow?Herearesomescenarios:thingstocomethingstogo.ZerowasteWastedisposalisoneofthebiggestheadachesforcities.Apartfromrecyclablewasteeverythingisburiedorincinerated焚烧onlytopollutetheenvironment.Plasticwasteremainsundergroundforseveraldecades.Theworldproducesmuchmoregarbagethanitcandisposeof.NowattheExpoallwasteisdeliveredtoacompressionstationwherethewasteissortedfiltereddecontaminateddeodorizedandcompressedbeforefinallybeingdisposedofatdesignatedspots.InBeijingpeoplelivingintheAsuweiareaturntheirhouseholdwasteintoorganicfertilizerswhichareusedtogrowplantsatresidencecommunities.NomoretransportationproblemsduringSpringFestivalTheSpringFestivalthemostimportantChineseholidaywheneveryonereturnshomehascausedheadachesformillionsofChinesE.Morethan2billionpeopletravelatthesametimemakingobtainingtravelticketsandthejourneydifficult.Butin28yearsSpringFestivaltravelmaynotbeaproblematall.Chinaplanstohavemorethan120000kilometersofrailwayandarapidtransportationnetworkthatwillserve90percentofthepopulationby2020.AndbecausemostofChinawillbecitiespeoplewillnothavetogotootherplacestofindajobsomigrationwillnolongerbesolarge-scalE.NewspaperstodisappearAmericanscholarPhilipMeyerpredictsthatnewspaperwillcometoanendin2043.UtagawaReizouformereditor-in-chiefofTheMainichiDailyNewsbelievesthatthenewspaperwillbegonein2030.Thiskindofpredictionmayworrythoseinprintnewsbusiness.IntheU.K.thecirculationsofnationalnewspapersaredeclining.MajorJapanesenewspapershavegoneintodebt.IntheU.S.decliningcirculationsandadrevenueshaveforcedseveralnewspaperstostopprintingpapereditions.MediatycoonRupertMurdochthinksthefutureofmediareliesoninteractionthroughtheInternet.Inthefuturedigitalnewspaperswillbesenttoportalwebterminalsthroughwirelessly.Readerscandiscussissueswithjournalistsandeditors.Informationwillmovefaster.OiltorunoutInAugust2009FatihBirolchiefeconomistoftheInternationalEnergyAgencysaidthatoilisrunningoutfasterthanexpectedandthattheworldwilllikelyfeelthetightnessinsupplyinthenextfiveyears.Scientistshavefoundsubstitutesforoilasfuel.Coalnaturalgassoarpowernuclearpowerandevenwatercanreplaceoilassourcesofenergy.Flammableicereservesalonecansupporthumansforthenext1000years.61.Bynowtheworldpopulationincitieshasgrowtoabout_________.A.6.9billionB.0.75billionC.3.5billionD.1.3billion62.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?A.Everythingburiedorincineratedbesidesrecyclablewastepollutestheenvironment.B.Peopledealwiththeirhouseholdwasteinanenvironmentally-friendlywayintheAsuweiareaBeijing.C.Morethan2billionpeoplesufferfromheadachesduringtheSpringFestivalinChinA.D.By202090percentofthepopulationwillhavetogotootherplacestofindajoB.63.AccordingtotheAmericanpredictorPhilipMeyerwhatwillhappenin2043?A.Newspaperwilldisappear.B.Japanhastostopprintingnewspapers.C.Digitalnewspaperwillbesenttoportalwebterminals.D.Informationwillmovefaster.64._________canreplaceoilassourcesofenergyinthefuturE.A.CoalandnaturalgasB.SolarpowerandnuclearpowerC.WaterandflammableicereservesD.Alltheabove65.Whichofthefollowingcanbebesttitleforthepassage?A.TheShanghai2010WorldExpoB.Whatwillcitylifebelikein28yearsC.A.rapidurbanizingworldD.Thingstocomethingstogo
Asksomeonewhattheyhavedonetohelptheenvironmentrecentlyandtheywillalmostcertainlymentionrecycling.RecyclinginthehomeisveryimportantofcoursE.HoweverbeingforcedtorecycleoftenmeanswealreadyhavemorematerialthanweneeD.Wearedealingwiththeresultsofthatover-consumptioninthegreenestwaypossiblebutitwouldbefarbetterifwedidnotneedtobringsomuchmaterialhomeinthefirstplacE.Thetotalamountofpackagingincreasedby12%between1999and2005.Itnowmakesupathirdofatypicalhousehold’swasteintheUK.InmanysupermarketsnowadaysfooditemsarepackagedtwicewithplasticandcardboarD.Toomuchpackagingisdoingseriousdamagetotheenvironment.TheUKforexampleisrunningoutofitforcarryingthisunnecessarywastE.Ifsuchpackagingisburntitgivesoffgreenhousegaseswhichgoontocausethegreenhouseeffect.Recyclinghelpsbuttheprocessitselfusesenergy.ThesolutionisnottoproducesuchitemsinthefirstplacE.Foodwasteisaseriousproblemtoo.ToomanysupermarketsencouragecustomerstobuymorethantheyneeD.HoweverafewofthemarecomingroundtotheideathatthiscannotcontinueencouragingcustomerstoreusetheirplasticbagsforexamplE.Butthisisnotjustaboutsupermarkets.Itisaboutallofus.Wehavelearnedtoassociatepackagingwithquality.Wehavelearnedtothinkthatsomethingunpackagedisofpoorquality.ThisisespeciallytrueoffooD.Butisalsoappliestoawiderangeofconsumerproductswhichoftenhavefarmorepackagingthannecessary.TherearesignsofhopE.Asmoreofusrecyclewearebeginningtorealisejusthowmuchunnecessarymaterialarecollecting.WeneedtofacethewastefulnessofourconsumerculturebutwehaveamountaintoclimB.31.Whatdoestheunderlinedphraseover-consumptionreferto?A.Usingtoomuchpackaging.B.Recyclingtoomanywastes.C.Makingmoreproductsthannecessary.D.HavingmorematerialthanisneedeD.32.TheauthorusesfiguresinParagraph2toshow_______.A.thetendencyofcuttinghouseholdwasteB.theincreaseofpackagingrecyclingC.therapidgrowthofsupermarketsD.thefactofpackagingoveruse33.Accordingtothetextrecycling______.A.helpscontrolthegreenhouseeffectB.meansburningpackagingforenergyC.isthesolutiontogasshortageD.leadstoawasteofland34.WhatcanbeinferredfromParagraph4?A.Unpackagedproductsareofbadquality.B.Supermarketscaremoreaboutpackaging.C.Itisimpropertojudgequalitybypackaging.D.OtherproductsarebetterpackagedthanfooD.35.Whatcanwelearnfromthelastparagraph?A.Fightingwastefulnessisdifficult.B.NeedlessmaterialismostlyrecycleD.C.PeoplelikecollectingrecyclablewastE.D.TheauthorisproudoftheirconsumerculturE.
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H3O++F－ NaHCO3=Na++HCO3－，HCO3－H++CO32－ Ag2S(s)2Ag+(aq)+ S2－(aq) S2－+2H2OH2S +2OH－
．h是常量 S．a．h是变量，是常量 a．h是变量，S是常量 S是变量，．a．h是常量
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