首页
试卷库
试题库
当前位置：
X题卡
>
所有题目
>
题目详情
? ?阅读下面的短文，文章中有5处空白，文章后有6组文字，请根据文章的内容选择5组文字，将其分别放回文章原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。 ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? {{B}}Th...
查看本题答案
包含此试题的试卷
理工类《填空集》真题及答案
点击查看
你可能感兴趣的试题
阅读下面的短文文章中有5处空白文章后面有6组文字请根据文章的内容选择5组文字将其分别放回文章原有位置
阅读下面的短文文章中有5处空白文章后有6组文字请根据文章的内容选择5组文字将其分别放回文章原有位置以
? ?阅读下面的短文文章中有5处空白文章后面有6组文字请根据文章的内容选择5组文字将其分别放回文章
阅读下面的短文文章中有5处空白文章后有6组文字请根据文章的内容选择5组文字将其分别放回文章原有位置以
阅读下面的短文文章中有5处空白文章后面有6组文字请根据文章的内容选择5组文字将其分别放回文章原有位置
阅读下面的短文文章中有5处空白文章后有6组文字请根据文章的内容选择5组文字将其分别放回文章原有位置以
阅读下面的短文文章中有5处空白文章后有6组文字请根据文章的内容选择5组文字将其分别放回文章原有位置以
? ?阅读下面的短文文章中有5处空白文章后有6组文字请根据文章的内容选择5组文字将其分别放回文章原
? ?阅读下面的短文文章中有5处空白文章后面有6组文字请根据文章的内容选择5组文字将其分别放回文章
阅读下面的短文文章中有5处空白文章后面有6组文字请根据文章的内容选择5组文字将其分别放回文章原有位置
? ?阅读下面的短文文章中有5处空白文章后有6组文字请根据文章的内容选择5组文字将其分别放回文章原
阅读下面的短文文章中有5处空白文章后有6组文字请根据文章的内容选择5组文字将其分别放回文章原有位置以
? ?阅读下面的短文文章中有5处空白文章后面有6组文字请根据文章的内容选择5组文字将其分别放回文章
? ?阅读下面的短文文章中有5处空白文章后面有6组文字请根据文章的内容选择5组文字将其分别放回文章
? ?阅读下面的短文文章中有5处空白文章后有6组文字请根据文章的内容选择5组文字将其分别放回文章原
? ?阅读下面的短文文章中有5处空白文章后有6组文字请根据文章的内容选择5组文字将其分别放回文章原
热门试题
更多
Competition Thequestionofwhetherwarisinevitableisonewhichhasconcernedmanyoftheworldsgreatwriters.Beforeconsideringthisquestionitwillbeusefultointroducesomerelatedconcepts.Conflictdefinedasoppositionamongsocialentitiesdirectedagainstoneanotherisdistinguishedfromcompetitiondefinedasoppositionamongsocialentitiesindependentlystrivingforsomethingwhichisininadequatesupply.Competitorsmaynotbeawareofoneanotherwhilethepartiestoaconflictare.Conflictandcompetitionarebothcategoriesofoppositionwhichhasbeendefinedasaprocessbywhichsocialentitiesfunctioninthedisserviceofoneanother.Oppositionisthuscontrastedwithcooperationtheprocessbywhichsocialentitiesfunctionintheserviceofoneanother.Thesedefinitionsarenecessarybecauseitisimportanttoemphasizethatcompetitionbetweenindividualsorgroupsisinevitableinaworldoflimitedresourcesbutconflictisnot.Conflictneverthelessisverylikelytooccurandisprobablyanessentialanddesirableelementofhumansocieties. Manyauthorshavearguedfortheinevitabilityofwarfromthepremisethatinthestruggleforexistenceamonganimalspeciesonlythefittestsurvive.Ingeneralhoweverthisstruggleinnatureiscompetitionnotconflict.Socialanimalssuchasmonkeysandcattlefighttowinormaintainleadershipofthegroup.Thestruggleforexistenceoccursnotinsuchfightsbutinthecompetitionforlimitedfeedingareasandfortheoccupancy占有ofareasfreefrommeat-eatinganimals.Thosewhofailinthiscompetitionstarvetodeathorbecomevictimstootherspecies.Thisstruggleforexistencedoesnotresemblehumanwarbutratherthecompetitionofindividualsforjobsmarketsandmaterials.Theessenceofthestruggleisthecompetitionforthenecessitiesoflifethatareinsufficienttosatisfyall. Amongnationsthereiscompetitionindevelopingresourcestradesskillsandasatisfactorywayoflife.Thesuccessfulnationsgrowandproper繁荣;theunsuccessfuldecline.Whileitistruethatthiscompetitionmayinduceeffortstoexpandterritoryattheexpenseofothersandthusleadtoconflictitcannotbesaidthatwarlikeconflictamongnationsisinevitablealthoughcompetitionis. Competitioncanleadtoconflict.
Passivesmokingisworkplacekiller PressuremountedonBritainonMondaytotakeactionon【51】smokingwithnewresearchshowingsecondhandsmoke【52】aboutoneworkereachweekinthehospitalityindustry. ProfessorKonradJamrozikofImperialCollegeinLondontoldaconferenceonenvironmentaltobaccothatsecond-hand【53】kills49employeesinpubsbarsrestaurantsandhotelseachyearandcontributesto700deathsfromlungcancerheart【54】andstrokeacrossthetotalnationalworkforce. Exposureinthehospitality【55】atworkoutweighstheconsequencesofexposureofliving【56】asmokerforthosestaffJamroziksaidinaninterview. Other【57】havemeasuredthelevelsofexposuretopassivesmokingbutJamrozikcalculatedhowitwouldtranslateintoavoidabledeaths. Hisfindingsare【58】onthenumberofpeopleworkinginthehospitalityindustryinBritaintheirexposuretosecondhandsmokeandtheir【59】ofdyingfromit. Jamroziksaidmefindingswouldapplyto【60】countriesinEuropebecausetoagreateror【61】extentlevelsofsmokinginthecommunityaresimilar. ProfessorCarolBlackpresidentoftheRoyalCollegeofPhysicianswhichsponsoredthemeetingsaidtheresearchisproofoftheneedforabanonsmokingin【62】places. Environmentaltobaccosmokeinpubsbarsrestaurantsandotherpublicplacesis【63】damagingtothehealthofemployeesaswellasthegeneralpublicshesaidinastatement. Makingtheseplacessmokefreenotonlyprotectsvulnerablestaffandthepublic.Itwill【64】helpover300000peopleinBritaintostopsmokingcompletelysheadded. Irelandrecentlybecamethefirstcountrytointroduceanationalbanonsmokinginpublic【65】.NewYorkandpartsofAustraliahavetakensimilarmeasures. workplace/n.工作场所;车间 killer/n.杀人者;凶手 hospitality/n.友好款待;好客;殷勤 imperial/adj.英联邦的 outweighs.在重要性或价值上超过 vulnerable/adj.易受伤的;脆弱的
AIDS AIDSisAcquiredImmuneDeficiencySyndrome.Thehumanimmunodeficiencyvirus人类免疫缺损病毒calledHIVisbelievedtocauseAIDS.Thereisnocure.Peoplewhogetthediseasewilldie.AIDSitselfdoesnotkill.Howeveritattacksanddestroysthebody’’sdefensesystemthatfightsagainstinfection.Whenthishappensapersonhaslittleabilitytofightoffmanyotherdiseasesincludingpneumonia肺炎cancerandtuberculosis结核病. AnewstudysaysthenumberofwomenintheUnitedStateswithAIDShasincreasedsharply.ThestudysaysAIDSisincreasingfasteramongwomenthanamongmen.EighteenpercentofAIDSpatientsarewomen.Thisisalmost3timestherate10yearsago.MostwomengettheAIDSvirusfromhavingsexualrelationswithmen.Pregnantwomenwiththediseasecanpassittotheirbabies.TheeffectofAIDSinAmericaisgreatestinlargecities.AIDSistheleadingcauseofdeathamongallpeoplein79cities.Itistheleadingcauseofdeathamongwomenin15cities.TheseincludeNewYorkCityandMiamiFlorida. DoctorsintheUnitedStatesfirstnotedAIDS14yearsagoinhomosexual同性恋的meninNewYorkandCalifornia.IntheUnitedStatesAIDSspreadfirstamonghomosexualmen.Thenitappearedinpeoplewhosharedneedlestoputillegaldrugsintotheirblood.Italsoappearedinpeoplewhohadreceivedinfectedbloodproductsathospitals.TheAIDSvirusisspreadthroughtheexchangeofinfectedbloodorbodyfluidsreleasedduringsexualactivity.Itisalsospreadbyhavingsexualrelationswithsomeonewhohasthevirus.Anditisspreadbysharingdrugneedlesthathaveinfectedbloodonthem. AIDShasaffectedseveralfamousAmericanathletes.TwoyearsagoformertennisplayerArthurAshediedofthedisease.AtaboutthesametimeformerbasketballplayerMagicJohnsonannouncedthathehastheAIDSvirus.ThemostrecentathletetobeaffectedisGregoryLouganis.LouganiswonanumberofgoldmedalsinOlympicdivingcompetition.HeannouncedontelevisionthathehasAIDS.PresidentClintonmetwithLouganisandpraisedhimfordiscussinghissickness.Mr.Clintonsaiditisimportanttoeducatethepublic. ActivistshavesucceededineducatingAmericansaboutAIDSandthepeoplewhohaveit.TheyalsohavebeenurgingthefederalgovernmenttoincreaseeffortstofindacureforAIDS.ScientistsfirstidentifiedthevirusthatisbelievedtocauseAIDSin1983.Manyofthemthenthoughttheycouldproduceananti-AIDSvaccine痘苗.Suchamedicinecouldbegiventopeopletoprotectagainstthedisease.HoweverscientistsatAmericangovernmentagenciesuniversitiesanddrugcompanieshavefailedtoproduceananti-AIDSvaccine.Buttheyarecontinuingefforttofindbettertreatmentsforacure. WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?
TheGrandCanyon StandingontherimoftheGrandCanyon大峡谷gazingacrossthisgiantwoundintheEarth’’ssurfaceavisitormightassumethatthecanyonhadbeencausedbysomeancientconvulsion震动.Infacttheeventsthatproducedthecanyonfarfrombeingsuddenandcatastrophicsimplyadduptotheslowandorderlyprocessoferosion. ManymillionsofyearsagotheColoradoPlateauintheGrandCanyonareacontained1000morefeetofrockthanitdoestodayandwasrelativelylevel.Theadditionalmaterialconsistedofsome14layeredformationsofrock.IntheGrandCanyonregiontheselayerswerelargelywornawayoverthecourseofmillionsofyears. Approximately65millionyearsagotheplateausflatsurfaceintheGrandCanyonareabulgedupwardfrominternalpressuregeologistsrefertothisbulgingactionsupwarding弯曲上升;itwasfollowedbyageneralelevationofthewholeColoradoPlateauaprocessthatisstillgoingon.Astheplateaugraduallyroseshallowriversthatwindedacrossitbegantorunmoreswiftlyandcutmoredefinitecourses.OneoftheseriverslocatedeastoftheupwardwastheancestoroftheColorado.AnotherriversystemcalledtheHualapaiflowingwestoftheupwardextendeditselfeastwardbycuttingbackintotheupwarditeventuallyconnectedwiththeancientColoradoandcaptureditswaters.Thenewriverthenbegantocarveoutthe277-mile-longtrenchthateventuallybecametheGrandCanyon.Geologistsestimatethatthisinitialcuttingactionbegannoearlierthan10millionyearsago. SincethentheCanyonforminghasbeencumulative.Tothecorrosiveforceoftheriveritselfhavebeenaddedotherfactors.Heatandcoldrainandsnowalongwiththevaryingresistanceoftherocksincreasetheopportunitiesforerosions.TheCanyonwallscrumbletheriveracquiresacuttingtool.Tonsofdebrisrainfallrunningoffthehighplateaucreatesfeederstreamsthatcarresidecanyons.Pushingslowlybackwardintotheplateauthesidecanyonsexposenewrocksandthepatternoferosioncontinues. ItcanbeconcludedfromthispassageabouttheGrandCanyonthat______.
Ohchildhowyouastonishedme—Ithoughtyouwereinthegarden.
Hemaintainedthattheopinionwaswrong.
ObtainingDrinkingWaterfromAirHumidity Notaplanttobeseenthedesertgroundistoo51.Buttheaircontainswaterandresearchscientistshavefounda52ofobtainingdrinkingwaterfromairhumidity.Thesystemisbasedcompletelyonrenewableenergyandisthereforeautonomous. Crackspermeatethedried-outdesertgroundandthelandscapebearstestimonytothelack’ofwater.Butevenherewheretherearenolakesriversorgroundwaterconsiderablequantitiesofwaterarestoredintheair.IntheNegevdesert1inIsrael2forexampleannualaveragerelativeairhumidityis64percent--ineverycubicmeterofairthereare115millilitersofwater. Germanresearchscientistshavefoundawayofconvertingthisairhumidityautonomouslyintodrinkablewater.Theprocesswehavedevelopedisbasedexclusivelyonrenewableenergysourcessuchasthermal53collectorsandphotovoltaiccellswhichmakesthismethodcompletely energy-autonomous.Itwillthereforefunctioninregions54thereisnoelectricalinfrastructuresaysSiegfriedEgnerheadoftheresearchteam.Theprincipleofthe55isasfollows3:hygroscopicbrine~salinesolutionwhichabsorbsmoisture--runsdownatower-shapedunitandabsorbswaterfromtheair.Itisthensuckedintoatankafewmeters56thegroundinwhichavacuumprevails4.Energyfromsolarcollectorsheatsupthebrinewhichisdilutedbythewaterithas57. Becauseofthevacuumtheboilingpointoftheliquidis58thanitwouldbeundernormalatmosphericpressure.Thiseffectisknownfromthemountains:astheatmosphericpressure59islowerthaninthevalleywaterboilsattemperatures60below100oC.Theevaporatednon-salinewateriscondensedandrunsdownthroughacompletelyfilledtubeinacontrolledmanner.Thegravityofthiswatercolumncontinuouslyproducesthevacuumandsoavacuumpumpisnotneeded.Thereconcentrated5brinerunsdownthetowersurface61toabsorbmoisturefromtheair. Theconceptissuitableforvariouswater62.Single-personunitsandplants63watertoentirehotelsareconceivablesaysEgner.Prototypeshavebeenbuiltforbothsystemcomponents—airmoistureabsorptionandvacuumevaporation—andtheresearchscientistshavealready64theirinterplayonalaboratoryscale.Inafurthersteptheresearchersintendtodevelopademonstration65.
Ithinkthisisadeliberateinsult.
Passivesmokingisworkplacekiller PressuremountedonBritainonMondaytotakeactionon【51】smokingwithnewresearchshowingsecondhandsmoke【52】aboutoneworkereachweekinthehospitalityindustry. ProfessorKonradJamrozikofImperialCollegeinLondontoldaconferenceonenvironmentaltobaccothatsecond-hand【53】kills49employeesinpubsbarsrestaurantsandhotelseachyearandcontributesto700deathsfromlungcancerheart【54】andstrokeacrossthetotalnationalworkforce. Exposureinthehospitality【55】atworkoutweighstheconsequencesofexposureofliving【56】asmokerforthosestaffJamroziksaidinaninterview. Other【57】havemeasuredthelevelsofexposuretopassivesmokingbutJamrozikcalculatedhowitwouldtranslateintoavoidabledeaths. Hisfindingsare【58】onthenumberofpeopleworkinginthehospitalityindustryinBritaintheirexposuretosecondhandsmokeandtheir【59】ofdyingfromit. Jamroziksaidmefindingswouldapplyto【60】countriesinEuropebecausetoagreateror【61】extentlevelsofsmokinginthecommunityaresimilar. ProfessorCarolBlackpresidentoftheRoyalCollegeofPhysicianswhichsponsoredthemeetingsaidtheresearchisproofoftheneedforabanonsmokingin【62】places. Environmentaltobaccosmokeinpubsbarsrestaurantsandotherpublicplacesis【63】damagingtothehealthofemployeesaswellasthegeneralpublicshesaidinastatement. Makingtheseplacessmokefreenotonlyprotectsvulnerablestaffandthepublic.Itwill【64】helpover300000peopleinBritaintostopsmokingcompletelysheadded. Irelandrecentlybecamethefirstcountrytointroduceanationalbanonsmokinginpublic【65】.NewYorkandpartsofAustraliahavetakensimilarmeasures. workplace/n.工作场所;车间 killer/n.杀人者;凶手 hospitality/n.友好款待;好客;殷勤 imperial/adj.英联邦的 outweighs.在重要性或价值上超过 vulnerable/adj.易受伤的;脆弱的
Itwasveryhardtograspwhatheactuallymeant.
Passivesmokingisworkplacekiller PressuremountedonBritainonMondaytotakeactionon【51】smokingwithnewresearchshowingsecondhandsmoke【52】aboutoneworkereachweekinthehospitalityindustry. ProfessorKonradJamrozikofImperialCollegeinLondontoldaconferenceonenvironmentaltobaccothatsecond-hand【53】kills49employeesinpubsbarsrestaurantsandhotelseachyearandcontributesto700deathsfromlungcancerheart【54】andstrokeacrossthetotalnationalworkforce. Exposureinthehospitality【55】atworkoutweighstheconsequencesofexposureofliving【56】asmokerforthosestaffJamroziksaidinaninterview. Other【57】havemeasuredthelevelsofexposuretopassivesmokingbutJamrozikcalculatedhowitwouldtranslateintoavoidabledeaths. Hisfindingsare【58】onthenumberofpeopleworkinginthehospitalityindustryinBritaintheirexposuretosecondhandsmokeandtheir【59】ofdyingfromit. Jamroziksaidmefindingswouldapplyto【60】countriesinEuropebecausetoagreateror【61】extentlevelsofsmokinginthecommunityaresimilar. ProfessorCarolBlackpresidentoftheRoyalCollegeofPhysicianswhichsponsoredthemeetingsaidtheresearchisproofoftheneedforabanonsmokingin【62】places. Environmentaltobaccosmokeinpubsbarsrestaurantsandotherpublicplacesis【63】damagingtothehealthofemployeesaswellasthegeneralpublicshesaidinastatement. Makingtheseplacessmokefreenotonlyprotectsvulnerablestaffandthepublic.Itwill【64】helpover300000peopleinBritaintostopsmokingcompletelysheadded. Irelandrecentlybecamethefirstcountrytointroduceanationalbanonsmokinginpublic【65】.NewYorkandpartsofAustraliahavetakensimilarmeasures. workplace/n.工作场所;车间 killer/n.杀人者;凶手 hospitality/n.友好款待;好客;殷勤 imperial/adj.英联邦的 outweighs.在重要性或价值上超过 vulnerable/adj.易受伤的;脆弱的
Don’tbesoinnocentastobelieveeverythingthepoliticianssay.
Competition Thequestionofwhetherwarisinevitableisonewhichhasconcernedmanyoftheworldsgreatwriters.Beforeconsideringthisquestionitwillbeusefultointroducesomerelatedconcepts.Conflictdefinedasoppositionamongsocialentitiesdirectedagainstoneanotherisdistinguishedfromcompetitiondefinedasoppositionamongsocialentitiesindependentlystrivingforsomethingwhichisininadequatesupply.Competitorsmaynotbeawareofoneanotherwhilethepartiestoaconflictare.Conflictandcompetitionarebothcategoriesofoppositionwhichhasbeendefinedasaprocessbywhichsocialentitiesfunctioninthedisserviceofoneanother.Oppositionisthuscontrastedwithcooperationtheprocessbywhichsocialentitiesfunctionintheserviceofoneanother.Thesedefinitionsarenecessarybecauseitisimportanttoemphasizethatcompetitionbetweenindividualsorgroupsisinevitableinaworldoflimitedresourcesbutconflictisnot.Conflictneverthelessisverylikelytooccurandisprobablyanessentialanddesirableelementofhumansocieties. Manyauthorshavearguedfortheinevitabilityofwarfromthepremisethatinthestruggleforexistenceamonganimalspeciesonlythefittestsurvive.Ingeneralhoweverthisstruggleinnatureiscompetitionnotconflict.Socialanimalssuchasmonkeysandcattlefighttowinormaintainleadershipofthegroup.Thestruggleforexistenceoccursnotinsuchfightsbutinthecompetitionforlimitedfeedingareasandfortheoccupancy占有ofareasfreefrommeat-eatinganimals.Thosewhofailinthiscompetitionstarvetodeathorbecomevictimstootherspecies.Thisstruggleforexistencedoesnotresemblehumanwarbutratherthecompetitionofindividualsforjobsmarketsandmaterials.Theessenceofthestruggleisthecompetitionforthenecessitiesoflifethatareinsufficienttosatisfyall. Amongnationsthereiscompetitionindevelopingresourcestradesskillsandasatisfactorywayoflife.Thesuccessfulnationsgrowandproper繁荣;theunsuccessfuldecline.Whileitistruethatthiscompetitionmayinduceeffortstoexpandterritoryattheexpenseofothersandthusleadtoconflictitcannotbesaidthatwarlikeconflictamongnationsisinevitablealthoughcompetitionis. ThephrasefunctioninthedisserviceofoneanotherPara.1mostprobablymeansharmeachother.
Passivesmokingisworkplacekiller PressuremountedonBritainonMondaytotakeactionon【51】smokingwithnewresearchshowingsecondhandsmoke【52】aboutoneworkereachweekinthehospitalityindustry. ProfessorKonradJamrozikofImperialCollegeinLondontoldaconferenceonenvironmentaltobaccothatsecond-hand【53】kills49employeesinpubsbarsrestaurantsandhotelseachyearandcontributesto700deathsfromlungcancerheart【54】andstrokeacrossthetotalnationalworkforce. Exposureinthehospitality【55】atworkoutweighstheconsequencesofexposureofliving【56】asmokerforthosestaffJamroziksaidinaninterview. Other【57】havemeasuredthelevelsofexposuretopassivesmokingbutJamrozikcalculatedhowitwouldtranslateintoavoidabledeaths. Hisfindingsare【58】onthenumberofpeopleworkinginthehospitalityindustryinBritaintheirexposuretosecondhandsmokeandtheir【59】ofdyingfromit. Jamroziksaidmefindingswouldapplyto【60】countriesinEuropebecausetoagreateror【61】extentlevelsofsmokinginthecommunityaresimilar. ProfessorCarolBlackpresidentoftheRoyalCollegeofPhysicianswhichsponsoredthemeetingsaidtheresearchisproofoftheneedforabanonsmokingin【62】places. Environmentaltobaccosmokeinpubsbarsrestaurantsandotherpublicplacesis【63】damagingtothehealthofemployeesaswellasthegeneralpublicshesaidinastatement. Makingtheseplacessmokefreenotonlyprotectsvulnerablestaffandthepublic.Itwill【64】helpover300000peopleinBritaintostopsmokingcompletelysheadded. Irelandrecentlybecamethefirstcountrytointroduceanationalbanonsmokinginpublic【65】.NewYorkandpartsofAustraliahavetakensimilarmeasures. workplace/n.工作场所;车间 killer/n.杀人者;凶手 hospitality/n.友好款待;好客;殷勤 imperial/adj.英联邦的 outweighs.在重要性或价值上超过 vulnerable/adj.易受伤的;脆弱的
Passivesmokingisworkplacekiller PressuremountedonBritainonMondaytotakeactionon【51】smokingwithnewresearchshowingsecondhandsmoke【52】aboutoneworkereachweekinthehospitalityindustry. ProfessorKonradJamrozikofImperialCollegeinLondontoldaconferenceonenvironmentaltobaccothatsecond-hand【53】kills49employeesinpubsbarsrestaurantsandhotelseachyearandcontributesto700deathsfromlungcancerheart【54】andstrokeacrossthetotalnationalworkforce. Exposureinthehospitality【55】atworkoutweighstheconsequencesofexposureofliving【56】asmokerforthosestaffJamroziksaidinaninterview. Other【57】havemeasuredthelevelsofexposuretopassivesmokingbutJamrozikcalculatedhowitwouldtranslateintoavoidabledeaths. Hisfindingsare【58】onthenumberofpeopleworkinginthehospitalityindustryinBritaintheirexposuretosecondhandsmokeandtheir【59】ofdyingfromit. Jamroziksaidmefindingswouldapplyto【60】countriesinEuropebecausetoagreateror【61】extentlevelsofsmokinginthecommunityaresimilar. ProfessorCarolBlackpresidentoftheRoyalCollegeofPhysicianswhichsponsoredthemeetingsaidtheresearchisproofoftheneedforabanonsmokingin【62】places. Environmentaltobaccosmokeinpubsbarsrestaurantsandotherpublicplacesis【63】damagingtothehealthofemployeesaswellasthegeneralpublicshesaidinastatement. Makingtheseplacessmokefreenotonlyprotectsvulnerablestaffandthepublic.Itwill【64】helpover300000peopleinBritaintostopsmokingcompletelysheadded. Irelandrecentlybecamethefirstcountrytointroduceanationalbanonsmokinginpublic【65】.NewYorkandpartsofAustraliahavetakensimilarmeasures. workplace/n.工作场所;车间 killer/n.杀人者;凶手 hospitality/n.友好款待;好客;殷勤 imperial/adj.英联邦的 outweighs.在重要性或价值上超过 vulnerable/adj.易受伤的;脆弱的
AIDS AIDSisAcquiredImmuneDeficiencySyndrome.Thehumanimmunodeficiencyvirus人类免疫缺损病毒calledHIVisbelievedtocauseAIDS.Thereisnocure.Peoplewhogetthediseasewilldie.AIDSitselfdoesnotkill.Howeveritattacksanddestroysthebody’’sdefensesystemthatfightsagainstinfection.Whenthishappensapersonhaslittleabilitytofightoffmanyotherdiseasesincludingpneumonia肺炎cancerandtuberculosis结核病. AnewstudysaysthenumberofwomenintheUnitedStateswithAIDShasincreasedsharply.ThestudysaysAIDSisincreasingfasteramongwomenthanamongmen.EighteenpercentofAIDSpatientsarewomen.Thisisalmost3timestherate10yearsago.MostwomengettheAIDSvirusfromhavingsexualrelationswithmen.Pregnantwomenwiththediseasecanpassittotheirbabies.TheeffectofAIDSinAmericaisgreatestinlargecities.AIDSistheleadingcauseofdeathamongallpeoplein79cities.Itistheleadingcauseofdeathamongwomenin15cities.TheseincludeNewYorkCityandMiamiFlorida. DoctorsintheUnitedStatesfirstnotedAIDS14yearsagoinhomosexual同性恋的meninNewYorkandCalifornia.IntheUnitedStatesAIDSspreadfirstamonghomosexualmen.Thenitappearedinpeoplewhosharedneedlestoputillegaldrugsintotheirblood.Italsoappearedinpeoplewhohadreceivedinfectedbloodproductsathospitals.TheAIDSvirusisspreadthroughtheexchangeofinfectedbloodorbodyfluidsreleasedduringsexualactivity.Itisalsospreadbyhavingsexualrelationswithsomeonewhohasthevirus.Anditisspreadbysharingdrugneedlesthathaveinfectedbloodonthem. AIDShasaffectedseveralfamousAmericanathletes.TwoyearsagoformertennisplayerArthurAshediedofthedisease.AtaboutthesametimeformerbasketballplayerMagicJohnsonannouncedthathehastheAIDSvirus.ThemostrecentathletetobeaffectedisGregoryLouganis.LouganiswonanumberofgoldmedalsinOlympicdivingcompetition.HeannouncedontelevisionthathehasAIDS.PresidentClintonmetwithLouganisandpraisedhimfordiscussinghissickness.Mr.Clintonsaiditisimportanttoeducatethepublic. ActivistshavesucceededineducatingAmericansaboutAIDSandthepeoplewhohaveit.TheyalsohavebeenurgingthefederalgovernmenttoincreaseeffortstofindacureforAIDS.ScientistsfirstidentifiedthevirusthatisbelievedtocauseAIDSin1983.Manyofthemthenthoughttheycouldproduceananti-AIDSvaccine痘苗.Suchamedicinecouldbegiventopeopletoprotectagainstthedisease.HoweverscientistsatAmericangovernmentagenciesuniversitiesanddrugcompanieshavefailedtoproduceananti-AIDSvaccine.Buttheyarecontinuingefforttofindbettertreatmentsforacure. AIDShascreatedsomereactionsinAmericathatarementionedinthetextexceptthat______
AIDS AIDSisAcquiredImmuneDeficiencySyndrome.Thehumanimmunodeficiencyvirus人类免疫缺损病毒calledHIVisbelievedtocauseAIDS.Thereisnocure.Peoplewhogetthediseasewilldie.AIDSitselfdoesnotkill.Howeveritattacksanddestroysthebody’’sdefensesystemthatfightsagainstinfection.Whenthishappensapersonhaslittleabilitytofightoffmanyotherdiseasesincludingpneumonia肺炎cancerandtuberculosis结核病. AnewstudysaysthenumberofwomenintheUnitedStateswithAIDShasincreasedsharply.ThestudysaysAIDSisincreasingfasteramongwomenthanamongmen.EighteenpercentofAIDSpatientsarewomen.Thisisalmost3timestherate10yearsago.MostwomengettheAIDSvirusfromhavingsexualrelationswithmen.Pregnantwomenwiththediseasecanpassittotheirbabies.TheeffectofAIDSinAmericaisgreatestinlargecities.AIDSistheleadingcauseofdeathamongallpeoplein79cities.Itistheleadingcauseofdeathamongwomenin15cities.TheseincludeNewYorkCityandMiamiFlorida. DoctorsintheUnitedStatesfirstnotedAIDS14yearsagoinhomosexual同性恋的meninNewYorkandCalifornia.IntheUnitedStatesAIDSspreadfirstamonghomosexualmen.Thenitappearedinpeoplewhosharedneedlestoputillegaldrugsintotheirblood.Italsoappearedinpeoplewhohadreceivedinfectedbloodproductsathospitals.TheAIDSvirusisspreadthroughtheexchangeofinfectedbloodorbodyfluidsreleasedduringsexualactivity.Itisalsospreadbyhavingsexualrelationswithsomeonewhohasthevirus.Anditisspreadbysharingdrugneedlesthathaveinfectedbloodonthem. AIDShasaffectedseveralfamousAmericanathletes.TwoyearsagoformertennisplayerArthurAshediedofthedisease.AtaboutthesametimeformerbasketballplayerMagicJohnsonannouncedthathehastheAIDSvirus.ThemostrecentathletetobeaffectedisGregoryLouganis.LouganiswonanumberofgoldmedalsinOlympicdivingcompetition.HeannouncedontelevisionthathehasAIDS.PresidentClintonmetwithLouganisandpraisedhimfordiscussinghissickness.Mr.Clintonsaiditisimportanttoeducatethepublic. ActivistshavesucceededineducatingAmericansaboutAIDSandthepeoplewhohaveit.TheyalsohavebeenurgingthefederalgovernmenttoincreaseeffortstofindacureforAIDS.ScientistsfirstidentifiedthevirusthatisbelievedtocauseAIDSin1983.Manyofthemthenthoughttheycouldproduceananti-AIDSvaccine痘苗.Suchamedicinecouldbegiventopeopletoprotectagainstthedisease.HoweverscientistsatAmericangovernmentagenciesuniversitiesanddrugcompanieshavefailedtoproduceananti-AIDSvaccine.Buttheyarecontinuingefforttofindbettertreatmentsforacure. Havescientistsproducedanant-AIDSvaccine?
Competition Thequestionofwhetherwarisinevitableisonewhichhasconcernedmanyoftheworldsgreatwriters.Beforeconsideringthisquestionitwillbeusefultointroducesomerelatedconcepts.Conflictdefinedasoppositionamongsocialentitiesdirectedagainstoneanotherisdistinguishedfromcompetitiondefinedasoppositionamongsocialentitiesindependentlystrivingforsomethingwhichisininadequatesupply.Competitorsmaynotbeawareofoneanotherwhilethepartiestoaconflictare.Conflictandcompetitionarebothcategoriesofoppositionwhichhasbeendefinedasaprocessbywhichsocialentitiesfunctioninthedisserviceofoneanother.Oppositionisthuscontrastedwithcooperationtheprocessbywhichsocialentitiesfunctionintheserviceofoneanother.Thesedefinitionsarenecessarybecauseitisimportanttoemphasizethatcompetitionbetweenindividualsorgroupsisinevitableinaworldoflimitedresourcesbutconflictisnot.Conflictneverthelessisverylikelytooccurandisprobablyanessentialanddesirableelementofhumansocieties. Manyauthorshavearguedfortheinevitabilityofwarfromthepremisethatinthestruggleforexistenceamonganimalspeciesonlythefittestsurvive.Ingeneralhoweverthisstruggleinnatureiscompetitionnotconflict.Socialanimalssuchasmonkeysandcattlefighttowinormaintainleadershipofthegroup.Thestruggleforexistenceoccursnotinsuchfightsbutinthecompetitionforlimitedfeedingareasandfortheoccupancy占有ofareasfreefrommeat-eatinganimals.Thosewhofailinthiscompetitionstarvetodeathorbecomevictimstootherspecies.Thisstruggleforexistencedoesnotresemblehumanwarbutratherthecompetitionofindividualsforjobsmarketsandmaterials.Theessenceofthestruggleisthecompetitionforthenecessitiesoflifethatareinsufficienttosatisfyall. Amongnationsthereiscompetitionindevelopingresourcestradesskillsandasatisfactorywayoflife.Thesuccessfulnationsgrowandproper繁荣;theunsuccessfuldecline.Whileitistruethatthiscompetitionmayinduceeffortstoexpandterritoryattheexpenseofothersandthusleadtoconflictitcannotbesaidthatwarlikeconflictamongnationsisinevitablealthoughcompetitionis. Infirstparagraphtheauthorgivesthedefinitionofsometermsinordertodistinguishbetweentwokindsofopposition.
Passivesmokingisworkplacekiller PressuremountedonBritainonMondaytotakeactionon【51】smokingwithnewresearchshowingsecondhandsmoke【52】aboutoneworkereachweekinthehospitalityindustry. ProfessorKonradJamrozikofImperialCollegeinLondontoldaconferenceonenvironmentaltobaccothatsecond-hand【53】kills49employeesinpubsbarsrestaurantsandhotelseachyearandcontributesto700deathsfromlungcancerheart【54】andstrokeacrossthetotalnationalworkforce. Exposureinthehospitality【55】atworkoutweighstheconsequencesofexposureofliving【56】asmokerforthosestaffJamroziksaidinaninterview. Other【57】havemeasuredthelevelsofexposuretopassivesmokingbutJamrozikcalculatedhowitwouldtranslateintoavoidabledeaths. Hisfindingsare【58】onthenumberofpeopleworkinginthehospitalityindustryinBritaintheirexposuretosecondhandsmokeandtheir【59】ofdyingfromit. Jamroziksaidmefindingswouldapplyto【60】countriesinEuropebecausetoagreateror【61】extentlevelsofsmokinginthecommunityaresimilar. ProfessorCarolBlackpresidentoftheRoyalCollegeofPhysicianswhichsponsoredthemeetingsaidtheresearchisproofoftheneedforabanonsmokingin【62】places. Environmentaltobaccosmokeinpubsbarsrestaurantsandotherpublicplacesis【63】damagingtothehealthofemployeesaswellasthegeneralpublicshesaidinastatement. Makingtheseplacessmokefreenotonlyprotectsvulnerablestaffandthepublic.Itwill【64】helpover300000peopleinBritaintostopsmokingcompletelysheadded. Irelandrecentlybecamethefirstcountrytointroduceanationalbanonsmokinginpublic【65】.NewYorkandpartsofAustraliahavetakensimilarmeasures. workplace/n.工作场所;车间 killer/n.杀人者;凶手 hospitality/n.友好款待;好客;殷勤 imperial/adj.英联邦的 outweighs.在重要性或价值上超过 vulnerable/adj.易受伤的;脆弱的
Mr.Jacksonwantstogiveoutthisnewsassoonaspossible.
TheAsianFluVirus In1957adoctorinSingaporenoticedthathospitalsweretreatinganunusualnumberofinfluenza-likecases.Influenzaissometimescalledfluorasbadcold.Hetookspecimensfromthethroatsofpatientsinhishospitalandwasabletofindthevirusofthisinfluenza. Therearethreemaintypesoftheinfluenzavirus.ThemostimportantofthesearetypesAandBeachofthemhavingseveralsub-groups.WiththeinstrumentsatthehospitalthedoctorrecognizedthattheoutbreakwasduetoavirusgroupAbuthedidnotknowthesub-group.HereportedtheoutbreaktotheWorldHealthOrganizationinGeneva.W.H.0.publishedtheimportantnewsalongsidereportsofasimilaroutbreakinHongKongwhereabout15%-20%ofthepopulationhadbecomeill. AssoonastheLondondoctorsreceivedthepackageofthroatsamplestheybeganthestandardtests.Theyfoundthatbyreproducingitselfataveryhighspeedthevirushadmultipliedmorethanamilliontimeswithintwodays.Continuingtheircarefulteststhedoctorscheckedtheeffectofdrugsusedagainstalltheknownsub-groupsoftypeAvirusonthisvirus.Noneofthemgaveanyprotection.Thisthenwassomethingnew:anewinfluenzavirusagainstwhichthepeopleoftheworldhadnoreadyhelpwhatsoever. Havingisolatedthevirustheywereworkingwiththetwodoctorsnowconductedtestsonsomespeciallyselectedanimalswhichcontractinfluenzainthesamewayashumanbeingsdo.Inashorttimetheusualsignsofthediseaseappeared.Theseexperimentsrevealedthatthenewvirusspreadeasilybutthatitwasnotakiller.ScientistslikegeneralpubliccalleditsimplyAsianflu. ItcanbeinferredfromthispassagethattheAsianflu______.
Iwonderwhofirstconceivedtheideaofcuttingaholeinthedoor.
Competition Thequestionofwhetherwarisinevitableisonewhichhasconcernedmanyoftheworldsgreatwriters.Beforeconsideringthisquestionitwillbeusefultointroducesomerelatedconcepts.Conflictdefinedasoppositionamongsocialentitiesdirectedagainstoneanotherisdistinguishedfromcompetitiondefinedasoppositionamongsocialentitiesindependentlystrivingforsomethingwhichisininadequatesupply.Competitorsmaynotbeawareofoneanotherwhilethepartiestoaconflictare.Conflictandcompetitionarebothcategoriesofoppositionwhichhasbeendefinedasaprocessbywhichsocialentitiesfunctioninthedisserviceofoneanother.Oppositionisthuscontrastedwithcooperationtheprocessbywhichsocialentitiesfunctionintheserviceofoneanother.Thesedefinitionsarenecessarybecauseitisimportanttoemphasizethatcompetitionbetweenindividualsorgroupsisinevitableinaworldoflimitedresourcesbutconflictisnot.Conflictneverthelessisverylikelytooccurandisprobablyanessentialanddesirableelementofhumansocieties. Manyauthorshavearguedfortheinevitabilityofwarfromthepremisethatinthestruggleforexistenceamonganimalspeciesonlythefittestsurvive.Ingeneralhoweverthisstruggleinnatureiscompetitionnotconflict.Socialanimalssuchasmonkeysandcattlefighttowinormaintainleadershipofthegroup.Thestruggleforexistenceoccursnotinsuchfightsbutinthecompetitionforlimitedfeedingareasandfortheoccupancy占有ofareasfreefrommeat-eatinganimals.Thosewhofailinthiscompetitionstarvetodeathorbecomevictimstootherspecies.Thisstruggleforexistencedoesnotresemblehumanwarbutratherthecompetitionofindividualsforjobsmarketsandmaterials.Theessenceofthestruggleisthecompetitionforthenecessitiesoflifethatareinsufficienttosatisfyall. Amongnationsthereiscompetitionindevelopingresourcestradesskillsandasatisfactorywayoflife.Thesuccessfulnationsgrowandproper繁荣;theunsuccessfuldecline.Whileitistruethatthiscompetitionmayinduceeffortstoexpandterritoryattheexpenseofothersandthusleadtoconflictitcannotbesaidthatwarlikeconflictamongnationsisinevitablealthoughcompetitionis. ThepassageisprobablyintendedtoanswerthequestionWhyisthereconflictandcompetition?
Passivesmokingisworkplacekiller PressuremountedonBritainonMondaytotakeactionon【51】smokingwithnewresearchshowingsecondhandsmoke【52】aboutoneworkereachweekinthehospitalityindustry. ProfessorKonradJamrozikofImperialCollegeinLondontoldaconferenceonenvironmentaltobaccothatsecond-hand【53】kills49employeesinpubsbarsrestaurantsandhotelseachyearandcontributesto700deathsfromlungcancerheart【54】andstrokeacrossthetotalnationalworkforce. Exposureinthehospitality【55】atworkoutweighstheconsequencesofexposureofliving【56】asmokerforthosestaffJamroziksaidinaninterview. Other【57】havemeasuredthelevelsofexposuretopassivesmokingbutJamrozikcalculatedhowitwouldtranslateintoavoidabledeaths. Hisfindingsare【58】onthenumberofpeopleworkinginthehospitalityindustryinBritaintheirexposuretosecondhandsmokeandtheir【59】ofdyingfromit. Jamroziksaidmefindingswouldapplyto【60】countriesinEuropebecausetoagreateror【61】extentlevelsofsmokinginthecommunityaresimilar. ProfessorCarolBlackpresidentoftheRoyalCollegeofPhysicianswhichsponsoredthemeetingsaidtheresearchisproofoftheneedforabanonsmokingin【62】places. Environmentaltobaccosmokeinpubsbarsrestaurantsandotherpublicplacesis【63】damagingtothehealthofemployeesaswellasthegeneralpublicshesaidinastatement. Makingtheseplacessmokefreenotonlyprotectsvulnerablestaffandthepublic.Itwill【64】helpover300000peopleinBritaintostopsmokingcompletelysheadded. Irelandrecentlybecamethefirstcountrytointroduceanationalbanonsmokinginpublic【65】.NewYorkandpartsofAustraliahavetakensimilarmeasures. workplace/n.工作场所;车间 killer/n.杀人者;凶手 hospitality/n.友好款待;好客;殷勤 imperial/adj.英联邦的 outweighs.在重要性或价值上超过 vulnerable/adj.易受伤的;脆弱的
ObtainingDrinkingWaterfromAirHumidity Notaplanttobeseenthedesertgroundistoo51.Buttheaircontainswaterandresearchscientistshavefounda52ofobtainingdrinkingwaterfromairhumidity.Thesystemisbasedcompletelyonrenewableenergyandisthereforeautonomous. Crackspermeatethedried-outdesertgroundandthelandscapebearstestimonytothelack’ofwater.Butevenherewheretherearenolakesriversorgroundwaterconsiderablequantitiesofwaterarestoredintheair.IntheNegevdesert1inIsrael2forexampleannualaveragerelativeairhumidityis64percent--ineverycubicmeterofairthereare115millilitersofwater. Germanresearchscientistshavefoundawayofconvertingthisairhumidityautonomouslyintodrinkablewater.Theprocesswehavedevelopedisbasedexclusivelyonrenewableenergysourcessuchasthermal53collectorsandphotovoltaiccellswhichmakesthismethodcompletely energy-autonomous.Itwillthereforefunctioninregions54thereisnoelectricalinfrastructuresaysSiegfriedEgnerheadoftheresearchteam.Theprincipleofthe55isasfollows3:hygroscopicbrine~salinesolutionwhichabsorbsmoisture--runsdownatower-shapedunitandabsorbswaterfromtheair.Itisthensuckedintoatankafewmeters56thegroundinwhichavacuumprevails4.Energyfromsolarcollectorsheatsupthebrinewhichisdilutedbythewaterithas57. Becauseofthevacuumtheboilingpointoftheliquidis58thanitwouldbeundernormalatmosphericpressure.Thiseffectisknownfromthemountains:astheatmosphericpressure59islowerthaninthevalleywaterboilsattemperatures60below100oC.Theevaporatednon-salinewateriscondensedandrunsdownthroughacompletelyfilledtubeinacontrolledmanner.Thegravityofthiswatercolumncontinuouslyproducesthevacuumandsoavacuumpumpisnotneeded.Thereconcentrated5brinerunsdownthetowersurface61toabsorbmoisturefromtheair. Theconceptissuitableforvariouswater62.Single-personunitsandplants63watertoentirehotelsareconceivablesaysEgner.Prototypeshavebeenbuiltforbothsystemcomponents—airmoistureabsorptionandvacuumevaporation—andtheresearchscientistshavealready64theirinterplayonalaboratoryscale.Inafurthersteptheresearchersintendtodevelopademonstration65.
TheGrandCanyon StandingontherimoftheGrandCanyon大峡谷gazingacrossthisgiantwoundintheEarth’’ssurfaceavisitormightassumethatthecanyonhadbeencausedbysomeancientconvulsion震动.Infacttheeventsthatproducedthecanyonfarfrombeingsuddenandcatastrophicsimplyadduptotheslowandorderlyprocessoferosion. ManymillionsofyearsagotheColoradoPlateauintheGrandCanyonareacontained1000morefeetofrockthanitdoestodayandwasrelativelylevel.Theadditionalmaterialconsistedofsome14layeredformationsofrock.IntheGrandCanyonregiontheselayerswerelargelywornawayoverthecourseofmillionsofyears. Approximately65millionyearsagotheplateausflatsurfaceintheGrandCanyonareabulgedupwardfrominternalpressuregeologistsrefertothisbulgingactionsupwarding弯曲上升;itwasfollowedbyageneralelevationofthewholeColoradoPlateauaprocessthatisstillgoingon.Astheplateaugraduallyroseshallowriversthatwindedacrossitbegantorunmoreswiftlyandcutmoredefinitecourses.OneoftheseriverslocatedeastoftheupwardwastheancestoroftheColorado.AnotherriversystemcalledtheHualapaiflowingwestoftheupwardextendeditselfeastwardbycuttingbackintotheupwarditeventuallyconnectedwiththeancientColoradoandcaptureditswaters.Thenewriverthenbegantocarveoutthe277-mile-longtrenchthateventuallybecametheGrandCanyon.Geologistsestimatethatthisinitialcuttingactionbegannoearlierthan10millionyearsago. SincethentheCanyonforminghasbeencumulative.Tothecorrosiveforceoftheriveritselfhavebeenaddedotherfactors.Heatandcoldrainandsnowalongwiththevaryingresistanceoftherocksincreasetheopportunitiesforerosions.TheCanyonwallscrumbletheriveracquiresacuttingtool.Tonsofdebrisrainfallrunningoffthehighplateaucreatesfeederstreamsthatcarresidecanyons.Pushingslowlybackwardintotheplateauthesidecanyonsexposenewrocksandthepatternoferosioncontinues. ThewordwoundLine1Para.1indicatesthat______.
ObtainingDrinkingWaterfromAirHumidity Notaplanttobeseenthedesertgroundistoo51.Buttheaircontainswaterandresearchscientistshavefounda52ofobtainingdrinkingwaterfromairhumidity.Thesystemisbasedcompletelyonrenewableenergyandisthereforeautonomous. Crackspermeatethedried-outdesertgroundandthelandscapebearstestimonytothelack’ofwater.Butevenherewheretherearenolakesriversorgroundwaterconsiderablequantitiesofwaterarestoredintheair.IntheNegevdesert1inIsrael2forexampleannualaveragerelativeairhumidityis64percent--ineverycubicmeterofairthereare115millilitersofwater. Germanresearchscientistshavefoundawayofconvertingthisairhumidityautonomouslyintodrinkablewater.Theprocesswehavedevelopedisbasedexclusivelyonrenewableenergysourcessuchasthermal53collectorsandphotovoltaiccellswhichmakesthismethodcompletely energy-autonomous.Itwillthereforefunctioninregions54thereisnoelectricalinfrastructuresaysSiegfriedEgnerheadoftheresearchteam.Theprincipleofthe55isasfollows3:hygroscopicbrine~salinesolutionwhichabsorbsmoisture--runsdownatower-shapedunitandabsorbswaterfromtheair.Itisthensuckedintoatankafewmeters56thegroundinwhichavacuumprevails4.Energyfromsolarcollectorsheatsupthebrinewhichisdilutedbythewaterithas57. Becauseofthevacuumtheboilingpointoftheliquidis58thanitwouldbeundernormalatmosphericpressure.Thiseffectisknownfromthemountains:astheatmosphericpressure59islowerthaninthevalleywaterboilsattemperatures60below100oC.Theevaporatednon-salinewateriscondensedandrunsdownthroughacompletelyfilledtubeinacontrolledmanner.Thegravityofthiswatercolumncontinuouslyproducesthevacuumandsoavacuumpumpisnotneeded.Thereconcentrated5brinerunsdownthetowersurface61toabsorbmoisturefromtheair. Theconceptissuitableforvariouswater62.Single-personunitsandplants63watertoentirehotelsareconceivablesaysEgner.Prototypeshavebeenbuiltforbothsystemcomponents—airmoistureabsorptionandvacuumevaporation—andtheresearchscientistshavealready64theirinterplayonalaboratoryscale.Inafurthersteptheresearchersintendtodevelopademonstration65.
Passivesmokingisworkplacekiller PressuremountedonBritainonMondaytotakeactionon【51】smokingwithnewresearchshowingsecondhandsmoke【52】aboutoneworkereachweekinthehospitalityindustry. ProfessorKonradJamrozikofImperialCollegeinLondontoldaconferenceonenvironmentaltobaccothatsecond-hand【53】kills49employeesinpubsbarsrestaurantsandhotelseachyearandcontributesto700deathsfromlungcancerheart【54】andstrokeacrossthetotalnationalworkforce. Exposureinthehospitality【55】atworkoutweighstheconsequencesofexposureofliving【56】asmokerforthosestaffJamroziksaidinaninterview. Other【57】havemeasuredthelevelsofexposuretopassivesmokingbutJamrozikcalculatedhowitwouldtranslateintoavoidabledeaths. Hisfindingsare【58】onthenumberofpeopleworkinginthehospitalityindustryinBritaintheirexposuretosecondhandsmokeandtheir【59】ofdyingfromit. Jamroziksaidmefindingswouldapplyto【60】countriesinEuropebecausetoagreateror【61】extentlevelsofsmokinginthecommunityaresimilar. ProfessorCarolBlackpresidentoftheRoyalCollegeofPhysicianswhichsponsoredthemeetingsaidtheresearchisproofoftheneedforabanonsmokingin【62】places. Environmentaltobaccosmokeinpubsbarsrestaurantsandotherpublicplacesis【63】damagingtothehealthofemployeesaswellasthegeneralpublicshesaidinastatement. Makingtheseplacessmokefreenotonlyprotectsvulnerablestaffandthepublic.Itwill【64】helpover300000peopleinBritaintostopsmokingcompletelysheadded. Irelandrecentlybecamethefirstcountrytointroduceanationalbanonsmokinginpublic【65】.NewYorkandpartsofAustraliahavetakensimilarmeasures. workplace/n.工作场所;车间 killer/n.杀人者;凶手 hospitality/n.友好款待;好客;殷勤 imperial/adj.英联邦的 outweighs.在重要性或价值上超过 vulnerable/adj.易受伤的;脆弱的
TheAsianFluVirus In1957adoctorinSingaporenoticedthathospitalsweretreatinganunusualnumberofinfluenza-likecases.Influenzaissometimescalledfluorasbadcold.Hetookspecimensfromthethroatsofpatientsinhishospitalandwasabletofindthevirusofthisinfluenza. Therearethreemaintypesoftheinfluenzavirus.ThemostimportantofthesearetypesAandBeachofthemhavingseveralsub-groups.WiththeinstrumentsatthehospitalthedoctorrecognizedthattheoutbreakwasduetoavirusgroupAbuthedidnotknowthesub-group.HereportedtheoutbreaktotheWorldHealthOrganizationinGeneva.W.H.0.publishedtheimportantnewsalongsidereportsofasimilaroutbreakinHongKongwhereabout15%-20%ofthepopulationhadbecomeill. AssoonastheLondondoctorsreceivedthepackageofthroatsamplestheybeganthestandardtests.Theyfoundthatbyreproducingitselfataveryhighspeedthevirushadmultipliedmorethanamilliontimeswithintwodays.Continuingtheircarefulteststhedoctorscheckedtheeffectofdrugsusedagainstalltheknownsub-groupsoftypeAvirusonthisvirus.Noneofthemgaveanyprotection.Thisthenwassomethingnew:anewinfluenzavirusagainstwhichthepeopleoftheworldhadnoreadyhelpwhatsoever. Havingisolatedthevirustheywereworkingwiththetwodoctorsnowconductedtestsonsomespeciallyselectedanimalswhichcontractinfluenzainthesamewayashumanbeingsdo.Inashorttimetheusualsignsofthediseaseappeared.Theseexperimentsrevealedthatthenewvirusspreadeasilybutthatitwasnotakiller.ScientistslikegeneralpubliccalleditsimplyAsianflu. Theoutbreakwasduetoavirusinpara.2meansthatitwas______byavirus.
Henrycannotresistthe{{U}}lure{{/U}}ofdrugs.
热门题库
更多
中石油职称英语
理工类
卫生类
综合类
国际货运代理师
报关水平测试
报检员
物流员(四级)
助理物流师(三级)
物流师(二级)
高级物流师(一级)
物流案例分析
单证员基础理论与知识
单证员缮制与操作
国际货运代理理论与实务
外贸综合业务
湘公网安备 43130202000226号