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Dogs wag(摇摆) their tails in different directions depending on whether they are excited and wanting t...
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Whichgenderisthemosttalkative?Nomatterwhatyouansweryouarepartiallyright.A.recentGallupPollshowedthatbothmenandwomenbelievethatwomenpossessthegiftoftalkingandsomeevenbelievewomenarebiologicallybuiltforconversationbutallofthatischallengedinaresearchpublishedintheNovemberissueofPersonalityandSocialPsychologyReview.InarecentresearchbyCampbellLeaperandMelanieAyrestheycollectedalloftheavailableevidencefromdecadesofscientificstudyandsystematicallycombinedthefindingsintoanoverallpictureofthedifferencesbetweenmenandwomenregardingtalkativeness.Theyfoundasmallbutreliabletendency趋势formentobemoretalkativethanwomenincertaincasessuchaswhentheywereconversingwiththeirwivesorwithstrangers.Womentalkedmoretotheirchildrenandtotheircollegeclassmates.Thetypeofspeechwasalsoexploredintheresearch.Theresearchersdiscoveredthatwithstrangerswomenweregenerallymoretalkativewhenitcametousingspeechtoensureherconnectiontothelistenerwhilemen’sspeechfocusedmoreonanattempttoinfluencethelistener.Withclosefriendsandfamilyhowevertherewasverylittledifferencebetweengendersintheamountofspeech.60.Thispassagemainlytalksaboutaresearchconductedby_______.A.GallupPollB.PersonalityandSocialPsychologyReviewC.CampbellLeaperandMelanieAyresD.theauthor61.Whichofthefollowingstatementsdescribesthemainideaofthepassage?A.Womenarebornmoretalkativethanmen.B.Menarebornmoretalkativethanwomen.C.Womenandmenaretalkativeindifferentcases.D.Womenarenomoretalkativethanmen.62.Theunderlinedwordgendermeans_______.A.peopleB.nationalityC.cultureD.sex63.Talkingwithstrangers________.A.womenaremoretalkativethanwithpeopletheyknowB.menaremoretalkativethanwiththeirwivesC.womenprefertolistenmoreratherthanspeakmoreD.menspeakalottohavetheiropinionsaccepted
四阅读理解每小题2分共30分AYoumightthinkthatglobalwarmingmeansnothingmorethanariseintheworld’stemperaturE.Butrisingsealevelscausedbyithaveresultedinthefirstevacuation撤离ofanislandnation—thecitizensofTuvaluwillhavetohavetheirhomelanD.Duringthe20thcenturysealevelrose8-12inches.AsaresultTuvaluhasexperiencedlowlandfloodingofsaltwaterwhichhaspollutedthecountry’sdrinkingwater.PaaniLaupepaaTuvaluangovernmentofficialreportedtotheEarthPolicyInstitutethatthenationsufferedanunusuallyhighnumberoffiercestormsinthepasttenyears.Manyscientistsconnecthighersurfacewatertemperaturesresultingfromglobalwarmingtogreaterandmoredamagingstorms.LaupepaexpresseddissatisfactionwiththeUnitedStatesforrefusingtosigntheKyotoProtocolaninternationalagreementcallingforindustrializednationstoreducetheirgreenhousegasemissions导致温室效应的气体排放whichareamaincauseofglobalwarming.ByrefusingtosigntheagreementtheUShaseffectivelytakenawaythefreedomoffuturegenerationsofTuvaluanstolivewheretheirforefathershavelivedforthousandsofyearsLaupepatoldtheBBC.TuvaluhasaskedAustraliaandNewZealandtoallowthegradualmoveofitspeopletobothcountries.Tuvaluisnottheonlycountrythatisvulnerable易受影响的torisingsealevels.MaumoonGayoonpresidentoftheMaldivestoldtheUnitedNationsthatglobalwarminghasmadehiscountryof311000anendangerednation.56.Thetextismainlyabou_________.A.rapidchangesinearth’stemperatureB.badeffectsofglobalwarmingC.movingofacountrytoanewplaceD.reasonsforlowlandflooding57.AccordingtoscientiststheDIRECTcauseofmoreandfiercerstormsis________.A.greenhousegasemissionsinindustrializednationsB.highersurfacewatertemperaturesoftheseaC.continuousglobalwarmingD.risingsealevels58.LaupepawasnotsatisfiedwiththeUnitedStatesbecauseitdidnot_______.A.agreetoreduceitsgreenhousegasemissionsB.signanagreementwithTuvaluC.allowTuvaluanstomovetotheUSD.believetheproblemsfacingTuvaluwerereal
MoveEarth—it’snosciencefictionLONDON-Scientistshavefoundanunusualwaytopreventourplanetfromoverheating:moveittoacoolerspot.Allyouhavetodoissendafewcomets彗星inthedirectionofEarthanditsorbitwillbechangeD.Ourworldwillthenbesentspinningintoasafercolderpartofthesolarsystem.ThisideaforimprovingourclimatecomesfromagroupofUSNationalAeronauticsandSpaceAdministrationNASAengineersandAmericanastronomers.Theysaytheirplancouldaddanothersixbillionyearstotheusefullifetimeofourplanet—effectivelydoublingitsworkinglifE.TheplanputforwardbyDrLaughlinandhiscolleaguesDonKorycanskyandFredAdamsneedscarefullydirectingacometorasteroidsothatitpassesclosebyourplanetandsendssomeofitsgravitationalenergytoEarth.Earth’sorbitalspeedwouldincreaseasaresultandwewouldmovetoahigherorbitawayfromtheSunLaughlinsaiD.EngineerswouldthendirecttheircometsothatitpassedclosetoJupiterorSaturn.Thecometwouldpickupenergyfromoneofthesegiantplanets.LateritsorbitwouldbringitbacktoEarthandtheprocesswouldberepeateD.Intheshorttermtheplanprovidesanidealwaytoglobalwarmingalthoughtheteamwasactuallyconcernedwithamuchgreaterdanger.Thesuniscertaintoheatupinaboutabillionyearsandsoseriouslycompromiseourbiosphere生物圈—bycookingus.That’swhythegroupdecidedtotrytosaveEarth.Theplanhasoneortwoworryingaspectshowever.ForastartspaceengineerswouldhavetobeverycarefulabouthowtheydirectedtheirasteroidorcomettowardsEarth.Thesmallestmiscalculation误算inorbitcouldfireitstraightatEarth—withdeadlyconsequences.ThereisalsothequestionoftheMoon.AsthecurrentissueofScientificAmericanmagazinepointsoutifEarthwaspushedoutofitscurrentpositionitismostlikelytheMoonwouldbestrippedawayfromEarthitstates.Thiswouldgreatlychangeourplanet’sclimatE.1.WhatmakesthescientistsplantomoveEarth?A.A.fewcometsaremovingtothedirectionofEarth.B.Earth’sworkinglifeiscomingtoanendsoon.C.EarthwillbecometoohotformankindtokeepalivE.D.ThemoonismovingfartherandfartherawayfromEarth.2.IftheplanissuccessfulEarthwillhaveaworkinglifeof______years.A.12billionB.6billionC.18billionD.24billion3.Whatseriousproblemsmighttheplancauseaccordingtothepassage?A.ThecometmighthitEarthandmanmightlosethemoon.B.Earthmightbemovedtoofarawayandmanmightbefrozentodeath.C.ThecometmighthitJupiterorSaturnandneverreturntoEarth.D.Earth’sworkinglifemightbegreatlyshorteneD.4.Whatdoestheunderlinedwordcompromisemean?A.provideB.benefitC.shareD.endanger5.Whichofthefollowingbestshowshowtheplanwouldwork?
Britishscientistsarebreedinganewgenerationofriceplantsthatwillbeabletogrow.insoilcon??tainingsaltwater.TheirworkmayenableabandonedfarmstobecomeproductivefarmsoncemorE.TimFlowersandTonyYeofromSussexUniversity’sSchoolofBiologicalSciences.havespentseveralyearsresearchinghowcropssuchasricecouldbemadetogrowinwaterthathasbecomesalty.Thepairshaverecentlybegunathree-yearprogrammefundedbytheBiotechnologyandBio??logicalSciencesResearchCounciltoestablishwhichgenesenablesomeplantstosurvivesaltycondi??tions.TheaimistobreedthiscapabilityintocropsstartingwithricE.Itisestimatedthateachyearmorethan10millionhectares公顷ofagriculturallandarelostbecausesaltgetsintothesoilandstunts防碍生长plants.Theproblemiscausedbyseveralfactors.Inthetropicsmangrovesthatcreateswamps沼泽andtraditionallyformedbarrierstoseawaterhavebeencutdown.IntheMediterraneanaseriesofdroughtshavecausedthewatertabletodropallowingseawatertoseep渗透in.InLatinAmericairrigationoftencausesproblemswhenwaterisevaporatedbytheheatleavingsaltdepositsbehinD.Excesssaltthenenterstheplantsandpreventsthemfunctioningnormally.HeavyconcentrationsofmineralsintheplantsstopthemdrawingupthewatertheyneedtosurvivE.Toovercometheseproblems.FlowersandYeodecidedtobreedriceplantsthattakeinverylittlesaltandstorewhattheydoabsorbincellsthatdonotaffecttheplants’growth.Theyhavestartedtobreedthesecharacteristicsintoanewricecropbutitwilltakeabouteightharvestsbeforetheresul??tingseedsarereadytobeconsideredforcommercialusE.OncethecharacteristicsforsurvivingsaltysoilareknownFlowersandYeowilltrytobreedtheappropriategenesintoallmannersofcropsandplants.LandthathasbeenabandonedtonaturewillthenbeabletobloomagainprovidingmuchneededfoodforthepoorercountriesoftheworlD.4.WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutFlowersandYeoistrue?A.TheyarestudentsatSussexUniversity.B.Theyarericebreeders.5.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedasacauseoftheproblemdiscussedinthepassage?A.NaturalbarrierstoseawaterhavebeendestroyeD.B.Thewatertablehasgonedownafterdroughts.C.Sealevelhasbeencontinuouslyrising.D.EvaporationofwaterleavessaltbehinD.6.ThewordaffectinParagraph5couldbebestreplacedby________.A.influenceB.effectC.stopD.present7.Theattitudeoftheauthortowardstheresearchprojectis________.A.positiveB.negativeC.suspiciousD.indifferent
Runninglikethewindroaring咆哮likethundertigershavelongbeenfearedandrespectedasakingoftheanimalworlD.Butlastweekareportsaidthattherearenomorethan30wildtigersleftinsouthChinA.ThiswastheconclusionofateamofscientistsfromChina'sStateForestryAdministrationandtheWorldNatureFunD.TheSouthChinatigeralsoknownastheChinesetigerisnativetosouthernChinA.Inthe1950'stherewereover4000tigersfoundinmountainforestsinthecountry.Butduetothedestructionoftheirnaturalhabitat栖息地anduncontrolledhuntingithasbeenpushedontothelistoftheworld'stoptenmostendangeredspecies.Sixty-sixofthebigcatscanbefoundinthecagesofadozenzoosaroundChinA.Buttheyarenothingliketheirwildcousins.Theyhavelosttheirnaturalskillssuchashuntingandkilling.Iftheyweresetfreetheycouldnotlookafterthemselves.BreedinghasdamagedthequalityofthespeciessaidPeiEnledeputydirectoroftheShanghaiZoo.ToreintroducethespeciesintothewildthecountrystartedaprogrammetosendfivetotenyoungtigerstoSouthAfricA.FourofthemhavealreadyarriveD.Progresshasbeenmadeastwoeldertigershaverecoveredsomeoftheirinstincts本能andcanhuntwildanimalsbythemselvesattheAfricanbasE.SouthAfricansareveryexperiencedinreintroducingbiganimalstothewilD.ThecountryhasverygoodnaturalconditionsforthetigerstolearninsaidLuJunofficedirectoroftheNationalWildlifeResearchandDevelopmentCenter.WetriedinFujianProvincebutitwasnotsuccessfulastherewasnotacompleteeco-chain生物链andtherewasalackofspacE.ThetigersshouldreturntoChinain2007whenthereservationsinFujianareready.WhatisthemainreasonfortheSouthChinatigerbecomingoneoftheworld'stoptenmostendangeredspecies?A.Becauseithaslostitsnaturalinstincts.B.Becausethereisnotacompleteeco-chain.C.Becausethereisnospaceforit.D.Becauseuncontrolledhuntinghasdestroyeditsnaturallivingconditions.HowistheprogrammeofsendingseveraltigerstoSouthAfricagettingon?A.Itseffectstillremainstobeseen.B.Twotigerscanalreadycompetewiththeirwildcousins.C.Someofthetigersarealreadyontheroadtorecoveringtheirnaturalskills.D.Thetigersshouldbeabletorecovertheirinstinctscompletelyby2007.Bysayingbuttheyarenothingliketheirwildcousinsthewritermeansthat______.A.theyarenolongerfearedbyotherwildanimalsB.theydon'tknowhowtohuntorkillC.acompletechangehasresultedinthespeciesbecauseofbreedingD.toreintroducethemintothewildhasbecomeanurgenttaskWhatisthepurposeofsendingyoungtigerstoSouthAfrica?A.TohelpthetigersrecovertheirabilitytoliveinthewilD.B.Toprovidethemwithabetterenvironment.C.Togetthetigerstogoonatour.D.Tofindacompleteeco-chainforthem.WhichoneisnotthereasonforSouthAfricabeingchosenasthetrainingplace?A.BecausethetigerscanhuntwildanimalsbythemselvesattheAfricanbasE.B.BecauseSouthAfricansareskilledatdealingwiththetigers.C.Becausethereisacompleteeco-chainandenoughspacetherE.D.Becausethecountryhasgoodnaturalconditionsforthetigerstolearnin.
Thereisabrownfemale母的Canadianduckthatweighsonlyfourhundredfiftygrams.TheduckhadflowntothesouthernstateofFloridaforthewinter.AhuntershotitonJanuaryfifteenthandtookittohishomeinthecityofTallahasseE.Heputitintherefrigerator冰箱.Twodayslatertheman’swifeopenedtherefrigeratordoor.Theducklifteditsheadandlookedather.Itwasalive!Thefamilytooktheducktoadoctorwhotreatsanimals.ThedoctorgavetheducktotheGooseCreekAnimalSanctuary动物保护区.AnimalsanctuariesprovidehomesforanimalsandteachpeopleabouttheircarE.ThedoctorsaiditwaseasytounderstandwhypeoplethoughttheduckwasdeaD.Hesaidducksgenerallydonotmovea1otespeciallyafterbeingshot.Andhesaiditslowbodytemperaturehelpeditsurviveintherefrigerator.ThatwasenoughtomaketheduckfamousaroundtheworlD.TheTallahasseenewspaperpublishedthestorythatwasre-printedinmanydifferentcountries.Butthatwasnottheendofthestory.WorkersatthewildlifesanctuarynamedtheduckPerky.Andtheygotthedoctortogiveanoperationtorepairtheduck’sdamagedwing.DuringtheoperationPerkystoppedbreathing--notjustoncebuttwotimes.ThedoctortriedtosavePerkybygivingheroxygen.ButhefinallysaidtheduckhaddieD.AfewsecondslaterhoweverPerkybegantomovE.ReportssaythepeopleintheoperatingroomweresohappythattheycrieD.WorkersatthewildlifesanctuarysayPerkywillnothaveanymoreoperations.Itseemsthedrugsthatwereusedhadside-effectsonher.Perkyisexpectedtoliveatthesanctuary.AndalocalcompanyhasbeguntosellT-shirtsshowingapictureoftheluckyduck.MoneyfromthesaleoftheshirtswillhelppayforPerky’scarE.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?A.Animalsanctuariesarehomesspeciallyforwoundedanimals.B.Thehuntershottheduckinthewing.C.Ducksdonotmoveatallforthewholewinter.D.Thehunter’swifeintendedtofreetheduckintherefrigerator.TheunderlinedWordThatinthefourthparagraphreferstothefactthat______.A.theducksurvivedtheshotandthecoldintherefrigeratorB.thehunterhadsavedtheduckbyfreezingitC.thehuntershottheduckfromCanadaD.theTallahasseenewspaperpublishedthestoryTheduckinthestory______.A.wasbigandstrongB.flewtoFloridaforfoodC.stayedintherefrigeratortokeepitsbodytemperaturelowD.wasconsidereddeadbeforebeingputintherefrigeratorWhatisthebesttitleforthepassage?A.SavetheDuckB.TheLuckyDuckC.StopKillingDucksD.ThePoorDuckItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat_______.A.thelocalcompanywillgetlargeprofitsbysellingtheT-shirtsB.itwasillegalformehuntertoshoottheduckC.theduckislikelytobewellcaredforinthesanctuaryD.PerkylikesFloridabetterthanCanada
第二部分阅读理解共20小题第一节共15小题每题2分第二节共5题每题2分共40分阅读下列短文从每题所给的四个选项A.B.C.D中选出最佳选项AUnnoticedandunappreciatedforfivedecadesalargefemaleturtle龟withastained彩色的leathery粗而硬的shellisnowapreciouscommodity物品inChangsha’soldzoo.Sheisfedonaspecialdietofrawmeat.Hersmallpoolhasbeencoveredwithglasswhichcandefenditfrombullets.Aspecialcameramonitorshermovements.Aguardispostedatnight.ThepurposeissimpletheturtlemustnotdiE.Earlierthisyearscientistsconcludedthatshewastheplanet’slastknownfemaleYangtzegiantsoftshellturtlE.Sheisabout80yearsoldandweighsalmost90pounds.AsithappenstheplanetalsohasonlyoneknownmalE.HelivesatazoothecityofSuzhou.Heis100yearsoldandweighsabout200pounds.TheyarethelasthopeofsavingaspeciesbelievedtobethelargestfreshwaterturtlesintheworlD.It’saverydangeroussituationsaidPeterPritchardafamousturtleexpertintheUnitedStateswhohashelpedtrytosavethespecies.FormanyChinesepeopletheturtleisthesymbolofhealthandlonglifebutthelasttwoYangtzegiantsoft-shellcreaturesshowthethreatenedstateofwildlifeandbiodiversity生物多样性inChinA.Pollutionhuntingandoverdevelopmentaredestroyingnaturalhabitatsandalsoendangeringtheplantandtheanimalpopulation.Chinacontainssomeoftheworld’srichesttreasuresofbiodiversityyetthelatestmajorsurveyofplantsandanimalsshowsadiscouragingpicturE.Nearly40percentofallmammalspeciesinChinaarenowendangeredScientistssay.Forplantsthesituationisworse70percentofallnonfloweringplantspeciesand86percentoffloweringspeciesareconsideredthreateneD.46.WhyistheturtleinChangshaspeciallycared?A.Shehasbeenunnoticedandunappreiatedfivedecades.B.ShecanbesoldatahighpricE.C.Sheistheplanet’slastknownfemaleYangtzegiantsoft-shellturtlE.D.Sheisoldandheavy.47.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaccordingtothetext?A.TheturtleinChangshaispreciousbecauseitisthesymbolofhealthandlonglifE.B.PeterPritchardbelievesthefemaleturtleisthelargestfreshwaterturtleintheworlD.C.ThefemaleturtleisinadangeroussituationwhereshemaybekilleD.D.ThefemaleturtleinChangshaandthemaleturtleinSuzhouarethelasthopeofsavingthelargestfreshwaterturtlespeciesintheworlD.48.Accordingtothetext________inChinA.A.therearetherichestspeciesoflivingthingsB.wildplantsandanimalsarebecomingfewerC.turtlesarespeciallyprotectedD.thesituationofplantsisbetterthanthatofmammalspecies49.ThelastparagraphprovesthethreatenedstateofwildlifeandbiodiversityinChinaby__________.A.factsandnumbersB.PeterPritchard’SwordsC.teachingtheoryD.tellingastory
Everydayrubbishcouldprovideavaluablesourceofenergythankstoaclevernewinvention.Smellymethane沼气gasexpelledfromlandfillsitescontainingtonesofrottinghouseholdwastecouldbeusedtoproduceavaluableenergyresourcE.InEuropealonelandfilltipsproduce94billioncubicmetersofmethaneperyearbutcurrentlyonlyonepercentofwhatcouldbeavaluablesourceofenergyisusedtherestisburntofftopreventanexplosivebuildupofgas.MethanegasformswhenorganicmatterbreaksdownandisdrawnofffromlargerubbishtipsbypipessunkintothemiddleofthewastE.Untilnowthisprocesswasn’tpossibleonsmallsitesbecausethepipeallowedoxygentoseepinandthatstopthebreakdownprocess.ViktorPopovoftheWessexInstituteofTechnologyhasnowdevelopedasystemtomodifyexistinglandfillsitesbymakingthemairtightwhilethemethaneisextractedfromsunkenwells.Thesiteiscoveredbyaspecialthree-layeredskinwhosetwoouterlayersaremadeofclaywithapressurized加压的layerofcarbondioxidegasinthemiddlE.AsthemethaneissuckedoutthroughacentralwellitisreplacedbycarbondioxidefromthemiddlelayerratherthanoxygenallowingthebreakdownprocesstocontinuE.UnfortunatelytherearenoplanstousethepowerofmethaneeventhoughPopovclaimshisinventioncouldprovideavaluablesourceofenergyoverthenext20years.Thepassagemainlyintroduces______tous.A.howtomakemethaneB.anewwaytomakeuseofrubbishC.thevaluablethingsinrubbishD.theamountofrubbishbeigreusedFromthepassagewecanseethat_____.A.inEurope94billioncubicmetersofmethaneisproducedeveryyearB.someofthewastewillexplodeifitisnotburntoffC.99%oftherubbishhasbeenburntoffinEuropeD.onlyaverysmallpartofthiskindofenergyisusedinEuropeInthepassagetheunderlinedwordthatrefersto______.A.methanegasB.thelongpipeC.oxygenD.therubbishWhichofthefollowingstatementisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?A.Oxygencancausethebreakdownprocesstostop.B.Whenthemethaneissuckedoutoxygenwillenterfromthemiddlelayer.C.Carbondioxidedoesn’taffectthebreakdownprocess.D.ThenewinventionhasnotbeenputintousE.
C.Disposing处理ofwastehasbeenaproblemsincehumansstartedproducingit.Asmoreandmorepeoplechoosetoliveclosetogetherincitiesthewastedisposalproblembecomesincreasinglydifficult.DuringtheeighteenthcenturyitwasusualforseveralneighboringtownstogettogethertoselectafarawayspotasadumpsitE.Residentsortrashhaulers垃圾拖运者wouldtransporthouseholdrubbishrottedwoodandoldpossessionstothesitE.PeriodicallysomeofthetrashwasburnedandtherestwasburieD.Theunpleasantsightsandsmellscausednoproblembecausenobodylivedcloseby.Factoriesmillsandotherindustrialsitesalsohadwastetobedisposedof.Thoselocatedonriversoftenjustdumpedtheunwantedremainsintothewater.Othersbuilthugeburnerswithchimneystodealwiththeproblem.Severalfactsmakethesechoicesunacceptabletomodernsociety.ThefirstproblemisspacE.Dumpswhicharenowcalledlandfillsaremostneededinheavilypopulatedareas.SuchareasrarelyhaveemptylandsuitableforthispurposE.Propertyiseithertooexpensiveortooclosetoresidentialneighborhoods.Longdistancetrashhaulinghasbeenacommonpracticebutoncefarmareasarerefusingtoacceptrubbishfromelsewherecheaplandwithintruckingdistanceofmajorcityareasisnonexistent.Awareness意识ofpollutiondangershasresultedinmorestrictrulesofwastedisposal.PollutionofriversgroundwaterlandandairisapricepeoplecannotlongerpaytogetridofwastE.Theamountofwastehowevercontinuestogrow.Recyclingeffortshavebecomecommonplaceandmanytownsrequiretheirpeopletotakepart.Eventhemostefficientrecyclingprogramshowevercanhopetodealwithonlyabout50percentofacity’sreusablewastE.64.Themostsuitabletitleforthispassagewouldbe__________.A.PlacesforDisposingWasteB.WastePollutionDangersC.WaysofGettingRidofWasteD.WasteDisposalProblem65.Duringthe18thcenturypeopledisposedtheirwasteinmanywaysEXCEPT________.A.buryingitB.recyclingitC.burningitD.throwingitintorivers66.Whatcanbeinferredfromthethirdparagraph?A.Farmareaswillcontinueacceptingwastefromthecityinmodernsociety.B.Thereischeaplandtoburywasteinmodernsociety.C.Itisdifficulttofindspacetoburywasteinmodernsociety.D.WaystodealwithwasteinmodernsocietystaythesamE.67.Themainpurposeofwritingthisarticleisto_______.A.drawpeople’sattentiontowastemanagementB.warnpeopleofthepollutiondangerswearefacingC.callonpeopletotakepartinrecyclingprogramsD.tellpeopleabetterwaytogetridofthewaste
BChinaisgoinggreen.Inordertoreduceairpollutionandoilshortagescarmakershaveannouncedtheirplanstodevelophybridvehicles混合燃料汽车fortheChinesemarket.Toyota’shybridcarPriuswillbereadytodriveinChinathisweek.Let’shavealookatthenewcar.Anyvehicleisahybridrunonarechargeablebatteryandgas.Hybridcarshavespecialengineswhicharesmallerthantraditionalgasengines.Thegasolineengineprovides99percentofthepowerwhenthecarisgoingatasteadyspeeD.A.speciallydesignedbatterymotorprovidesextrapowerforrunninguphillsorwhenitneedstospeedup.StepintoaPriusandturnontheenginE.Thefirstthingyounoticeisthatitisquieterthanatraditionalcar.Atthispointthecar’sgasengineisatrest.Theelectricmotorwillprovidepoweruntilthecarreachesabout24km/h.Ifyoustayatalowspeedyouareeffectivelydrivinganelectriccarwithnogasbeingusedandnowastegasgivenoff.Thecomputerdecideswhentousethegasenginewhentogoelectricandwhentouseacombinationofthetwo.Ifyougoover24km/hwhenyousteponthegaspedal油门youaretellingthecomputerhowfastyouwanttogo.Theelectricmotorrechargesautomaticallyusingasetofbatteries.Andwhendrivingatahighspeedthegasenginenotonlypowersthecarbutalsorechargesthebatteries.Whenyouusethebraketheelectricmotorinthewheelswillworklikeagenerator发电机toproduceelectricitytorechargethebatteries.Asaresultthecar’sbatterieswilllastforaround200000miles.66.Theunderlinedsentenceprobablymeans________.A.therewillbemoreandmoregreenlandinChinaB.China’snewcarsarecombinationsofdifferentgreenmodelsC.ChinaisstillyoungandlackinginexperienceD.theenvironmentisgettingbetterinChina67.Whatisthemostimportantfeatureofhybridcars?A.Theyarepoweredbybotharechargeablebatteryandgas.B.Theyhavesmallerenginesthantraditionalgasones.C.Theyonlyuse99percentoftheirpowertorunuphill.D.Theyaremuchquieterthantraditionalcars.68.Wecanknowfromthestorythat________.A.thegasenginerechargesthebatteriesaswellaspoweringthecarB.usingthebrakesuggeststhatthegasengineshouldworkC.thecar’sbatterieswilllastforaround200000mileswithoutbeingrechargedD.thebatteriescanberechargedatanytimeyouwant69.Theauthorwritesthepassagemainlyto________.A.announceplanstodevelophybridvehiclesfortheChinesemarketB.letpeopleknowhowtosavetheirgaswhendrivingacarC.teachpeoplehowtodriveahybridcarD.introduceanewkindofgreencar70.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaccordingtothetext?A.Thehybridcarisenvironmentallyfriendly.B.ThehybridcarisunabletogetitselfrechargeD.C.Thehybridcarhasbeenmadeinmass.D.Thehybridcarcandecidewhatpowertouse
HaveyoueverheardanewsreportertalkaboutDNA?ReporterstalkaboutDNAfoundatthesceneofacrimE.TheytalkaboutpolicefindingDNAfingerprints.PolicesometimesuseDNAasacluetofindoutwhocommittedthecrimE.DNAisasubstance物质thatmakesupgenes.Everythingalivehasgenes.Planshavegenes.Animalshavegenes.Youhavegenes.Genesarethebasicunitsofheredity遗传.Hereditymeansallthecharacteristicsyouinheritfromyourparents.Yougetyourgenesfromyourparents.Youinherithalfofyourgenesfromyourmother.Youinherithalfofyourgenesfromyourfather.GenesareakindofcodE.A.tree’sgenestellwhatshapeitsleaveswillbE.A.cat’sgenestellwhatcoloritsfurwillbE.YourgenestellwhatcoloryoureyeswillbE.YourgenestellwhatcoloryourhairwillbE.Everythingaboutyoucomesfromthecodeinyourgenes.Geneslineuponstrands链calledchromosomes染色体incells.Everythingaliveismadeupofcells.Chromosomesareinthecenterornucleusofcells.Differentpartsofyouaremadeofdifferentkindsofcells.YourmusclesaremadeofmusclecelIs.Yourskinismadeofskincells.Thecodeinyourgenestellsyourbodytomakedifferentkindsofcells.Thegenesineachcelltellthecellhowtowork.Theytellthecellwhentomakenewcopiesofitself.AnAustrianmonknamedGregorMendelfirstsawinheritedpatternsinpeaplants.Heexperimentedwithpeaplantsinthe1860s.Oneofthethingsortraits特质Mendelstudiedwaswhatmakessomepeaplantstallandsomeshort.Hesaidthatthetraitsmustcomefromunitsofhereditypassedfromtheparentplants.Theseunitswerelatercalledgenes.Inthemid-1900sscientistsdiscoveredthatgenesaremadeofDNA.Inthe1970sscientistslearnedhowtochangeDNAwithgeneticengineering.Scientistsalsolearnedthatproblemswithcertaingenescausediseases.Musculardystrophycysticfibrosisandhemophiliaaresomegeneticdiseases-diseasescausedbyproblemsingenes.Todayscientistsarelookingforwaystocuregeneticdiseasesbychanginggenesthroughaprocesscalledgenetherapy.WhatisDNA?A.DNAisakindofgenE.B.DNAisasubstancethatmakesupgenes.C.DNAisthebasicunitofheredity.D.DNAisameasuretoprotectcrimE.Whichofthefollowingaboutgenesiscorrectaccordingtothepassage?A.Plantsanimalsandhumanbeingshavethesamegenes.B.Halfpeopleinheritallgenesfromtheirmotherothersfromtheirfather.C.Genesdecidethetreesshapesthecats’furcolorandoureyes’coloraswell.D.Geneswillgiveyouacodewhenyouneedthem.Wherearegenes?A.Geneslininguponstrandscalledchromosomesareinthecenterofcells.B.Geneshideineverythingaliveinyourbody.C.Genescanbenowherebutinyourmindcontrollingallyouractions.D.Genestravelinyourbodyandhelpcopeskinmuscleandeyes.AnAustrianmonknamedGregorMendel.A.firstsawinheritedpatternsinpeopleB.wasinterestedinwhyplantsweredifferentC.firstcalledtheunitsofheredityfromparentsgenesD.wasthefirstwhodiscoveredgenesWecanconcludethat.A.scientistswerelessintelligentthanmonksin1900sB.somegenesarebadandcancausediseasesC.wedon’tneedtoworryaboutgeneticdiseasesanylongerD.thediscoveryofgenesmaybeofgreathelpinourdailylife
Lifeonearthdependsonwaterandthereisnosubstituteforit.Thecurrentassumptionisthatourbasicneedsforwater—whetherfordrinkingagricultureindustryortheraisingoffishwillalwayshavetobemet.Giventhatpremise前提therearetwobasicrouteswecango:moreequalaccesstowaterorbetterengineeringsolutions.LookingattheengineeringsolutionfirstalotofmyresearchconcentratesonwhathappenstowetlandswhenyoubuilddamsinriverbasinsparticularlyinAfricA.Theecologyofsuchareasisalmostentirelydrivenbytheseasonalchangesoftheriver—thepulseofthewater.Andthefactisthatifyoubuildadamyougenerallyspoilthedownstreamecology.Inthepastsuchproblemshavebeenhiddenbyalackofinformation.ButinthenearfuturegovernmentswillhavenoexcusefortheirignorancE.Theengineers’abilitytocontrolwaterflowshascreatednewkindsofunpredictabilitytoo.DamsinAfricahavemeantfewerfishlessgrazingandlessfloodplain洪泛区agriculture—noneofwhichwereexpecteD.Andtheiraverageeconomiclifeisassumedtobethirtyyears.Damsdon’texistforeverbutwhatwillreplacethemisnotclear.Thechallengeforthefutureistofindnewmeansofcontrollingwater.AlthoughGMtechnology转基因willallowustobreedbetterdry-landcropsthereisnomarketforcompaniestodevelopcropssuitableforthemicro-climatesoftheSahelandelsewhereinAfricA.WhoisgoingtopayforresearchonlocallyappropriatecropsintheThirdWorld?What’sthemainideaofthispassage?A.Theengineeringsolutionstowaterresourceandtheirlimitation.B.ThechallengeforthefuturE.C.Thebasicmeansofcontrollingwater.D.Thechallengefordevelopingcrops.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrueformeetingourbasicneedsforwater?A.Waterresourceshouldbeusedmorereasonably.B.Moredamsshouldbebuiltinriverbasins.C.Morewetlandsshouldbeprotectedfromdestruction.D.Moredry-landcropscouldbedevelopedinAfricA.Theauthorsuggeststhatgovernmentswillhavenoexcusefortheircarelessignoranceinthefuturebecause.A.TheecologicaldestructionwillbeknowntothepublicbyresearchersB.TheecologicaldestructionwillnolongerbeaprobleminthefutureC.ThefutureisaninformationageD.GovernmentswillfacegreaterchallengeinthefutureTheauthormentionsalltheproblemscausedbydamsEXCEPT.A.fewerfishB.lessgrazinglandC.lessfloodplainagricultureD.lessfarminglandThelastsentenceprobablyimpliesthat.A.NoonewillinvestindevelopinglocallyappropriatecropsinAfricaB.Researchershavenointerestindevelopingdry-landcropsC.ResearchonlocallyappropriatecropsintheThirdWorldmaybeprofitableD.ThereislesswaterresourceintheThirdWorldk*s*5u
Spaceisadangerousplacenotonlybecauseofmeteors流星butalsobecauseofraysfromthesunandotherstars.Theatmosphereagainactsasourprotectiveblanketonearth.Lightgetsthroughandthisisessentialforplantstomakethefoodwhichweeat.Heattoomakesourenvironmentendurable可忍受的.Variouskindsofrayscomethroughtheairfromouterspacebutenormousquantitiesofradiation辐射fromthesunarescreenedoff.AssoonasmenleavetheatmospheretheyareexposedtothisradiationbuttheirspacesuitsorthewallsoftheirspacecraftiftheyareinsidedopreventalotofradiationdamagE.RadiationisthegreatestknowndangertoexplorersinspacE.Theunitofradiationiscalledrem.Scientistshavereasontothinkthatamancanputupwithfarmoreradiationthan0.1remwithoutbeingdamaged;thefigureof60remshasbeenagreedon.Thetroubleisthatitisextremelydifficulttobesureaboutradiationdamage-apersonmayfeelperfectlywellbutthecellsofhisorhersexorgansmaybedamagedandthiswillnobediscovereduntilthebirthofabnormalchildrenorevengrandchildren.MissionsoftheApolloflightshavehadtocrossbeltsofhighamountofrems.SofarnodangerousamountsofradiationhavebeenreportedbuttheApollomissionshavebeenquiteshort.Wesimplydonotknowyethowmenaregoingtogetonwhentheyspendweeksandmonthsoutsidetheprotectionoftheatmosphereworkinginaspacelaboratory.Drugsmighthelptodecreasethedamagedonebyradiationbutnoreallyeffectiveoneshavebeenfoundsofar.1.Accordingtothefirstparagraphtheatmosphereisessentialtomaninthat____.A.itprotectshimagainsttheharmfulraysfromspaceB.itprovidessufficientlightforplantgrowthC.itsuppliestheheatnecessaryforhumansurvivalD.itscreensoffthefallingmeteors2.Weknowfromthepassagethat____.A.exposuretoeventinyamountsofradiationisdeadlyB.theeffectofexposuretoradiationisslowincomingC.radiationisavoidableinspaceexplorationD.astronautsinspacesuitsneedn'tworryaboutradiationdamage3.TheharmradiationhasdonetotheApollocrewmembers____A.issignificantB.seemsoverestimatedC.isenormousD.remainsunknown4.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat____.A.theApollomissionwasverysuccessfulB.protectionfromspaceradiationisnoeasyjobC.astronautswillhavedeformedchildrenorgrandchildrenD.radiationisnotathreattowell-protectedspaceexplorers45.Thebesttitleforthispassagewouldbe____.A.TheAtmosphereandOurEnvironmentB.ResearchonRadiationC.EffectsofSpaceRadiationD.ImportanceofProtectionAgainstRadiation
ScientistsintheUnitedStateshavedevelopedamethodthatmayhelptopredictearthquakesearlier.Theysayitcouldgivepeoplewholiveindeadlyearthquakeareasenoughwarningtoleavebeforeanearthquakeoccurs.Currentlythemostmodernsystemsforpredictingearthquakesfindthemonlyashorttimebeforetheevent.LikemoststrongearthquakesWenchuanearthquakein2008andHaitiearthquakein2010werenotidentifiedearlyenoughforpeopletofleetheareakillinghundredsandthousandsofpeoplE.ButscientistswhostudyearthquakesarereportingthatnewtechnologycouldmeasureverysmallchangesintheEarth’ssurfacE.ScientistsperformedexperimentsalongCalifornia’sSanAndreasFaultanareafamousforitsearthquakes.Highlysensitiveelectricaldevicesareplacedaboutonekilometerbelowgroundintwodifferentplaces.ThedeviceswereabletomeasureevensmallchangesinairpressureontheEarth’ssurfacE.Thescientistssaysuchchangesarecausedwhenrockspushedtogetherforcingairoutofsmallcracksintherock.Twoearthquakeshittheareainlate2005.ThefirsttookplaceonDeC.25.A.smallerearthquakestruckfivedayslater.Thescientistsnotedchangesintheearth’ssurfaceabouttenhoursbeforethefirstquakestruck.Thatquakemeasuredthreeinintensity强度.Theythenfoundsimilarchangestakingplacetwohoursbeforetheotherquakestruckfivedayslater.Ifadditionaltestsconfirmthechangesarelinkedtoearthquakesthescientistsbelievetheirequipmentcouldbeusedforearlywarningsystems.A.systemthatprovidesawarningsignaltenhoursbeforeamajorearthquakecouldhelpmovepeoplefromtheareaandsavelives.ThescientistsnowhopetheycanfindearthquakeswithevengreaterintensitybyplacingtheirequipmentdeeperinthegrounD.71.What’sthebesttitleforthepassage?A.Anewwaytohelppredictearthquakes.B.TheearthquakesintheworldC.AbetterunderstandingofearthquakeD.Scientistsandmodernsystemsofearthquakes72.Ifthenewmethoddoeswork_______.A.fewerearthquakeswillbreakoutB.rescueworkerscansavemoreburiedpeopleinruinsC.awarningcanbegivenatleasttendaysbeforethemajorearthquakeD.fewerpeoplewillbekilledinanearthquake73.Accordingtothepassagethedevicescanpredicttheearthquakeby______reachingthecenteroftheearthquakedetectingthetemperaturechangesintheearth’scrustmeasuringchangesinairpressureontheEarth’ssurfacerecordingsoundwavesundertheground74.Wecaninferfromthepassagethat______.theequipmentisperfectenoughtobeusedinpracticeit’sunknownifgreaterearthquakecanbepredictedbytheequipmentthedeepertheequipmentisplacedthemoreaccuratethemeasurementistheequipmenthashelpedsavemanylivesintheearthquakeinHaiti.75.Howmanyearthquakesarementionedinthepassage?A.OneB.TwoC.ThreeD.Four
OnMay212000someAmericanscientistswereworkingatthecomputerstolookforinformationtheyneeded.Suddenlytheysawalotofverybrightredspotscrossingthecomputers’screens.Atthesametimethecomputerswereworkingmuchslower.Tofindoutwhatwashappeningtheystoppedtheirworktochecksomepartsofthecomputers.Totheirhorrortheyfoundoutthatmostoftheirstoredinformationwasgotridofbycomputerviruses病毒.Obviouslyallthesecomputershadbeeninfectedbycomputerviruses.ItissaidthatthecomputervirusesweremadebytwoorthreePhilippineyoungmenfondofplayingtricks.Theyallhadexcellenteducation.TheycreatedthevirusesjusttoshowtheirintelligencE.ThekindofcomputervirusisnamedILoveYouVirus.Thisviruscanhideincomputersforlong.Whenthetimecomestheywillattackthecomputersbyloweringtheimportantfunctionsdamagingtheirnormalprogramsorevengettingridofagreatdealofinformationwhichoperatorsofthecomputersoftenuseorstorewhat’sworseitstillcanreproduceitselfingreatquantitieswithinashorttimE.WecometoknowthatILoveYouVirusoftenattackscomputersonMondaysandthatitisspreadingtomanycomputersintheworlD.AmongthecountriesthatsufferedcomputerviruseslastyearareBritainAustraliaSwitzerlandandtheUSA.Thosewhomadethecomputermuseshavebeenfoundoutslowlyandcarefully.Buttillnowhowtogetridoftheterriblevirusesremainsaproblem.1.Whenthevirusesattackthecomputersthecomputerswillwork_______.A.normallyB.abnormallyC.fasterD.well2.TwoorthreePhilippineyoungmencreatedthecomputervirusesto_______.A.damagethecomputersB.testtheirabilityquicklyC.telltheworldthattheywereintelligentD.playatrickinoperatorsofthecomputers3.Accordingtothepassagecomputervirusesseemto________.A.havebeeninnatureforyearsB.existinanycomputersC.beabletobegotridofinthenearfutureD.bedifficulttogetridofatpresent4.Themostseriousdamagecausedbythevirusesisthat_______.A.thecomputer’sfuntionsareloweredB.thenormalprogramsaredamagedC.alltheinformationstoredinthecomputersisgoneD.thecomputersinfectedbythevirusescannolongerbeused5.Accordingtothepassagewhichofthefollowingistrue?A.Scientistsaretryingtofindawaytogetridoftheviruses.B.TheviruseswillcometothenewcomputerafterstayingintheoldoneforsometimE.C.Lastyearfourcountriesfoundtheircomputerswereinfectedbyviruses.D.TheILoveYouVirusisagreatharmtohumanhealth.
A.weathermapisanimportanttoolforgeographers.A.successionofthreeorfourmapspresentsacontinuouspictureofweatherchanges.Weatherforecastersareabletodeterminethespeedofairmassesandfronts.Theyarealsoabletodeterminewhetheranairmassisretainingitsoriginalcharacteristicsortakingonthoseofthesurfaceoverwhichitismoving.Thusamostsignificantfunctionofthemapistorevealansynopticpicture气象图ofconditionsintheatmosphereatagiventimE.Allstudentsofgeographyshouldtointerpretaweathermapaccurately.WeathermapscontainanenormousamountofinformationaboutweatherconditionsexistingatthetimeofobservationoveralargegeographicalareA.TheyrevealinafewminuteswhatotherwisewouldtakehourstodescribE.TheUnitedStatesWeatherBureauissuesinformationaboutapproachingstormsfloodsfrostsdroughtsandallclimateconditionsingeneral.Twiceamonthitissuesa30-dayoutlookwhichisaroughguidetoweatherconditionslikelytooccuroverbroadareasoftheUnitedStates.Theseoutlooksarebasedonananalysisoftheupperairlevels.Withtheuseofelectronicinstrumentsandsatellitesenormousgainshavetakenplacerecentlyinidentifyingandtrackingstormsoverregionswhichhavebutfewmeteorologicalstations气象站.Experimentsarealsoinprogressforweathermodificationstudiesalthoughfewsuccessfulresultssuchasartificialrainmakinghavebeenachievedsofar.Whichisnotmentionedinthispassageinthefollowingaboutonecharacteristicofweather?A.Fronts.B.TemperaturechangE.C.WindspeeD.D.Frost.Theobservationofweatherconditionsbysatellitesisadvantageousbecause_______.A.itismodernandsophisticatedB.itusedelectronicinstrumentsC.itenablesmantoaltertheweatherD.itgivesthescientistsinformationnotobtainedreadilyotherwiseThewordinterpretinParagraph2mostprobablymeans_______A.explainB.presentC.modifyD.illustrate
CManyOlderDoctorsPlantoGiveupTheirPracticeTheresultsofanewsurveyindicatethat48percentofphysiciansbetween50and65yearsofageareplanningtoreduceorendtheirclinicalpracticeinthenextlto3years.Thefindingsalsosuggestthatmanyolderphysiciansbelievethattheiryoungercounterpartsdonothavetheworkethictheydo.ThesurveywhichwasconductedbyMerrittHawkins＆AssociatesaTexas-basedphysiciansearchandconsultingfirmsuggeststhatmanyolderphysiciansaresimplyunhappywiththechangesthathavetakenplaceinmedicineovertheyears.WhenBabyBoomdoctorsenteredmedicinetheyhadcontroloverhowtheypracticedandthefeetheychargeD.Buttheruleschangedontheminmid-streamandnowmanyarelookingforaticketoutMarkSmithexecutivevicepresidentofMerrittHawkins＆Associatessaidinastatement.OurstudyistheonlyoneIamawareofthatexaminesthecareerplansofphysiciansinthe50-to-65agegroup.Thisagegrouprepresentsmorethanone-thirdofallphysiciansintheU.S.IftheystopworkinginthecomingyearsitwillhaveasignificantimpactontheoverallsupplyofphysiciansSmithtoldReutersHealth.Theresultsofthesurveywhichincluded1170respondents调查对象showthat24percentofolderphysiciansareplanningtoleaveclinicalpracticealltogetherinthenext1to3years.Specifically14percentsaidtheywereplanningonretiring7percentsaidtheywerelookingforamedicaljobinanon-patientcaresettingand3percentsaidtheywereseekingajobinanon-medicalfielD.Forthosephysiciansnotleavingclinicalpracticemanysaidtheywouldmakechangestoreducethenumberofpatientstheytreat.Forinstance12percentsaidtheywouldbeginworkingpart-time8percentsaidtheyplannedtostoptakingnewpatientsormarkedlyreducetheirpatientloadand4percentexpressedadesiretoworkonatemporarybasis.Whenaskedabouttheworkethicofphysiciansenteringpracticetoday68percentoftherespondentssaidthattheseyoungerdoctorsarenotasdedicatedorashardworkingasphysicianswhoenteredpractice20t030yearsago.Fifty-sevenpercentofolderphysicianssaidtheywouldnotrecommendmedicineasacareertotheirownchildren.Similarly44percentsaidtheywouldnotselectmedicineasacareeriftheywerestartingouttoday.Themostominous不祥的findingisthataboutonehalfofphysicianssurveyedplanttoeitherabandonpatientcareinthenext1to3yearsorsignificantlyreducethenumberofpatientstheyseeSmithsaiD.TheU.S.alreadyisfacingawidespreadshortageofphysicians.Shouldolder‘workhorse'physicianschoosetogiveuppatientcareaccesstomedicalserviceswillbefurtherrestricteD.66.WhichisNOTtrueofphysiciansinthe50-to-65agegroupintheU.S.?A.Theyaremostlybabyboomers.B.Theyhavenothingtocomplainabout.C.ManyofthemplantograduallystoptheirpracticE.D.Theyaccountforoverone-thirdofallphysiciansinthecountry.67.Thesurveywasfocusedon.A.thelivingconditionsofolderphysiciansintheU.S.B.thecareerplansofolderphysiciansintheU.S.C.theretirementplansofolderphysiciansintheU.S.D.theachievementsofolderphysiciansintheU.S.68.ManyolderphysiciansintheU.S.viewtheworkethicoftheiryoungercounterparts.A.withappreciationB.withdisapprovalC.withjealousD.withindifference69.Intheeyesofmanyolderphysiciansmedicine.A.comesfirstintheirchoiceofacareerfortheirchildrenB.remainstheirlifelongpursuitC.isnotasgoodacareerasitusedtobeD.ismoredemandingthanitusedtobe70.IfmanyolderphysiciansstopworkinginthecomingyearsAmericanswillhave.A.evenlessaccesstomedicalservicesB.evenbetterpatientcareC.ashortageofyoungerphysiciansD.morejobopportunities
Astronomers天文学家saytheyareonthepointoffindingplanetslikeEarthorbitingotherstarswhichisakeystepindeterminingifwearealoneintheuniversE.A.topNASAofficialandotherleadingscientistssaythatwithinfourorfiveyearstheyshoulddiscoverthefirstEarth-likeplanetwherelifecoulddevelopormayhavealready.A.planetclosetothesizeofEarthcouldevenbefoundsometimethisyear.AttheannualAmericanAstronomicalSocietyconferencethisweekeachdiscoveryinvolvingso-calledexoplanets—thoseoutsideoursolarsystem—pointedtothesameconclusionQuietplanetslikeEarthwherelifecoulddevelopprobablyareplentiful.NASA’sDewKeplertelescopeandalotofnewresearchfromthesuddenlyhotandcompetitiveexoplanetfieldcausednoticeablebuzzatthemeeting.Scientistsaretalkingaboutbeingatanincrediblespecialplaceinhistoryandclosertoansweringthequestion.Arewealone?Forthefirsttimethere’sanoptimismthatsometimeinourlifetimeswe’regoingtogettothebottomofthatsaidSimonWordenanastronomerwhoheadsNASA’sAmesResearchCenter.IfIwereabettingmanwhichIamIwouldbetwe’renotalonE.ThesearebigquestionsthatreflectuponthemeaningofthehumanraceintheuniversethedirectoroftheVaticanObservatorytheRev.JoseFunessaidWednesdayinaninterviewatthisweek’sconferencE.WordentoldTheAssociatedPress:Iwouldcertainlyexpectinthenextfourorfiveyearswe’dhaveanEarth-sizedplanetinthehabitable可居住的zonE.Whatisveryimportantindeterminingifwearealoneintheuniverse?A.FindinganEarth-likeplanet.B.Orbitingotherstars.C.Developingnewtelescopes.D.Findingmoreexoplanets.What’sanexoplanet?A.It’saplanetlikeEarth.B.It’saplanetoutsideoursolarsystem.C.It’saplanetorbitingthesun.D.It’saplanetwherelifehavedevelopeD.Theunderlinedphrasegettothebottomofprobablymeans__________.A.understandfullyB.makefulluseofC.searchforD.domoreresearchonFromthepassagewecanlearnthat__________.A.anEarth-likeplanethasbeenfoundB.it’sbeenprovedwearenotaloneintheuniverseC.JoseFuneshasfoundthemeaningofthehumanraceintheuniverseD.thediscoveryofanEarth-likeplanetcouldhappeninthenearfuture
AnAustraliancompanySmartCarTechnologieshasdevelopedasystemthatletsdriversknowwhenthey'respeeding.Whenthetechnologybecomescommerciallyavailableitcouldhelplead-footeddriversavoidticketsandalsosavelives.ThecompanythatdevelopedtheproducthopestoconvinceAustraliangovernmentagenciestoputthetechnologyintouseintheirautomobilefleets.TheproductcalledSpeedAlertlinksreal-timelocationdataandspeedobtainedwiththehelpofGPStoadatabaseofpostedspeedlimitsstoredinadriver'sPDAorprogrammablemobilephonE.Thesetupoftheproductdoesnotneedtobehookeduptoacar'sspeedometer.InfactitisentirelyportablE.ItwillalsoworkwithnewerphonesandPDAsthathavebuilt-inGPSreceivers.Ifadriverexceedsthespeedlimitthespeedisshownandanalertsounds.MichaelPaineanAustralianvehicledesignengineerandtrafficsafetyconsultantwashiredtoanalyzetheproduct.HetoldLiveSciencethathiscolleaguesintheroadsafetyfieldareveryenthusiasticaboutwhatthey'renowcallingintelligentspeedalert.OtherresearchaccordingtoPaineshowsthat40percentofalltrafficdeathsinvolvespeeding.Thereisalsoapotentiallycontroversialfutureuse:SincethesystemissoportableitwouldbeeasytomakeitarequirementforteenagedriverstoalwaysuseaspeedalertdevicewhendrivingPainesaiD.Thesystemevenhasthecapabilitytorecordspeedingviolationssoparentscanmonitortheirteenagedrivers.TheproductwillsoongoonsaleinSydney.63.What'sthepurposeofthenewproduct?A.Tointroducesomeimprovementincars.B.Toinformusofthenewcarsystem.C.Topopularizethebuilt-incarsystem.D.Tolimitcertaindriverstosafedriving.64.Lead-footedinthefirstparagraphprobablyrefertotheones________.A.whodrivetoocarelesslyB.thatdrivetooslowlyC.whoarepartlydisabledD.thatdriveextremelyfast65.Thesecondparagraphmainlytalksabout________.A.howtheproductisprogrammedB.whythesystembecomespopularC.thefunctionsofGPSincarsD.theprojectofthebuilt-inproduct66.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.FutureSpeedAlertB.NewIn–CarDeviceAgainstSpeedingC.WarningforAdventurousDriversD.ProgressinCar–makingScience
Climatechangeconnectedwiththereductionofwetlandsatthesourceofthecountry'stwolongestriverstheYangtzeandtheYellowhasreducedthevolumeofwaterflowingintothemscientistssaiD.Scientistsstudiedchangesoverpast40yearstothewetlandsonthecoldQinghai??TibetPlateauinwestChinawherethetworivershavetheirsources.Theyfoundthewetlandsontheplateauhaveshrunk减少morethan10percentoverthepastfouryears.ThewetlandsatthesourceoftheYangtzehavesufferedthemostdecreasingby29percent.About17.5percentofthesmalllakesatthesourceoftheYangtzehavedriedupthescientistssaiD.ThewetlandplaysakeyroleinholdingwaterandchangingthewatervolumeoftheriversWangXugenaresearchersaiD.ThereductionofthewetlandontheplateauiscloselyconnectedwithglobalwarmingWangsaidaddingthateventhoughrainfallhasincreasedintheareathereductionofthewetlandhasreducedtheflowoftheYangtzeandtheYellow.RecordsbytheweatherstationattheheadoftheYangtzeshowedyearlyrainfallatitssourceincreasedfrom260mmduring1991—2000to323mmintheperiod2001—2006.Buttheincreasedrainfalldidn'tleadtomorewater'sflowingintotheriversbecausetheevaporation蒸发wassofastasaresultofglobalwarmingLiShijiearesearchersaiD.Anotherstudyshowedglobalwarminghadcausedglacierstogetsmallerfrozenearthtomeltgrasslandstoturnyellowandriverstodryup.TheQinghai??TibetPlateauusedtohave36000glacierscoveringanareaof50000sqkm.Inthepast100yearstheirareahasbeenreducedby30percent.60.Accordingtothepassagethetruestatementofthefollowingisthat.A.thewetlandsatthesourceoftheYellowhavedecreasedby29percentB.there'snomorewaterinabout17.5percentofthesmalllakesatthesourceoftheYangtzeC.thereductionofthewetlandontheplateauhasnothingtodowithglobalwarmingD.yearlyrainfallhasincreasedfrom260mmto323mminthepast15years61.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtheresultofglobalwarmingA.Frozenearthmelts.B.Evaporationbecomesfaster.C.Sealevelrises.D.Plantsgrowbetteringreenhouses.62.TheareathattheglaciersoftheQinghai??TibetPlateaucoverisnowaboutsqkm.A.35000B.12000C.15000D.1700063.Inthepassageplaysamostimportantpartinholdingwaterandchangingthevolumeoftherivers.A.yearlyrainfallB.theevaporationC.thewetlandD.climatechange
Thetemperatureofthesunisover5000degreesFahrenheitatthesurfacebutitrisestoperhapsmorethan16milliondegreesatthecenter.ThesunissomuchhotterthandieearththatmattercanexistonlyasagasexceptatthecorE.InthecoreofthesunthepressuresaresogreatagainstthegasesthatdespitethehightemperaturetheremaybeasmallsolidcorE.HowevernoonereallyknowssincethecenterofthesuncanneverbedirectlyobserveD.Solarastronomersdoknowthatthesunisdividedintofivelayersorzones.StartingattheoutsideandgoingdownintothesunthezonesarethecoronachromospherephotosphereconvectionzoneandfinallythecorE.Thefirstthreezonesareregardedasthesun'satmospherE.Butsincethesunhasnosolidsurfaceitishardtotellwheretheatmosphereendsandthemainbodyofthesunbegins.Thesun'soutermostlayerbeginsabout10000milesabovethevisiblesurfaceandgoesoutwardformllionsofmiles.Thisistheonlypartofthesunthatcanbeseenduringaneclipse日食suchastheoneinFebruary1979.Atanyothertimethecoronacanbeseenonlywhenspecialinstrumentsareusedoncamerasandtelescopestoshutouttheglareofthesun'srays.Thecoronaisabrilliantpearlywhitefilmylightaboutasbrightasthefullmoon.ItsbeautifulraysareasensationalsightduringaneclipsE.Thecorona'sraysflashoutinabrilliantfanthathaswispyspikelike一束束穗状raysnearthesun'snorthandsouthpoles.Thecoronaisthickestatthesun'sequator.Thecoronaraysaremadeupofgasesstreamingoutwardattremendousspeedssadreachingatemperatureofmorethan2milliondegreesFahrenheit.Theraysofgasthinoutastheyreachthespacearoundtheplanets.Bythetimethesun'scoronaraysreachtheEarththeyareweakandinvisiblE.Matterontheaimcanexistonlyinfeeformofgasbecauseofthesun's___.A.sizeB.ageC.locationD.temperatureAllofthefollowingarepartsofthesun'satmosphereEXCEPTthe___.A.coronaB.chromosphereC.photosphereD.coreAccordingtothepassageasthecoronara5'sreach-dieplaaststheybecome___.A.hotterB.clearerC.thinnerD.strongerWhichof'diefollowingdotheparagraphsfollowingthepassagemostlikelydiscuss?A.Theremaininglayersofthesun.B.Theevolutionofthesuntoitspresentform.C.TheeclipseofFebruary1979.D.AlltheabovE.
In1901H.G.WellsanEnglishwriterwroteabookdescribingatriptothemoon.Whentheexplorers探险者landedonthemoontheydiscoveredthatthemoonwasfullofundergroundcities.Theyexpressedtheirsurprisetothemoonpeopletheymet.InturnthemoonpeopleexpressedtheirsurprisE.Why?theyaskedareyoutravelingtoouterspacewhenyoudon’tevenuseyourinnerspace?H.G.Wellscouldonlyimaginetraveltothemoon.In1969humanbeingsreallydidlandonthemoon.Peopletodayknowthattherearenoundergroundcitiesonthemoon.HoweverthequestionthatthemoonpeopleaskedisstillaninterestingonE.A.growingnumberofscientistsareseriouslythinkingaboutit.UndergroundsystemsarealreadyinplacE.Manycitieshaveundergroundcarparks.InsomecitiessuchasTokyoSeoulandMontrealtherearelargeundergroundshoppingareas.TheChunnelatunnel隧道connectingEnglandandFranceisnowcompletE.Butwhataboutundergroundcities?Japan’sTaiseiCorporationisdesigninganetworkofundergroundsystemscalledAliceCities.Thedesignersimagineusingsurfacespaceforpublicparksandusingundergroundspaceforflatsofficesshoppingandsoon.A.solardome太阳能穹顶wouldcoverthewholecity.Supportersofundergrounddevelopmentsaythatbuildingdownratherthanbuildingupisagoodwaytousetheearth’sspacE.Thesurfacetheysaycanbeusedforfarmsparksgardensandwilderness.H.G.WellsmoonpeoplewouldagreE.Wouldyou?5.TheexplorersinH.G.Wells’storyweresurprisedtofindthatthemoonpeople.A.knewsomuchabouttheearthB.understoodtheirlanguageC.livedinsomanyundergroundcitiesD.wereaheadoftheminspacetechnology6.Whatdoestheunderlinedworditparagraph2referto?A.Discoveringthemoon’sinnerspacE.B.Usingtheearth’sinnerspacE.C.Meetingthemoonpeopleagain.D.TravelingtoouterspacE.7.Whatsortofundergroundsystemsarealreadyherewithus?A.Officesshoppingareaspowerstations.B.Tunnelscarparksshoppingareas.C.Gardenscarparkspowerstations.D.Tunnelsgardensoffices.8.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A.AliceCities—citiesofthefutureB.SpacetravelwithH.G.WellsC.EnjoylivingundergroundD.Buildingdownnotup
Cantreestalk?Yes—butnotinwords.Scientistshavereasontobelievethattreesdocommunicatewitheachother.Notlongagoresearcherslearnedsomesurprisingthings.Firstawillowtreeattackedinthewoodsbycaterpillars毛毛虫changedthechemistryofitsleavesandmadethemtastesoterriblethattheygottiredoftheleavesandstoppedeatingthem.Thenevenmoreastonishingthetreesentoutaspecialvapor—asignalcausingitsneighborstochangethechemistryoftheirownleavesandmakethemlesstasty.Communicationofcoursedoesnotneedtobeinwords.Wecantalkeachotherbysmilingraisingourshouldersandmovingourhands.Weknowthatbirdsandanimalsuseawholevocabularyofsongssoundsandmovements.Beesdancetheirsignalsflyingincertainpatternsthattellotherbeeswheretofindnectarforhoney.Sowhyshouldn’ttreeshavewaysofsendingmessages?1.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatcaterpillarsdonotfeedonleavesthat.A.haveanunpleasanttasteB.arelyingonthegroundC.haveanunfamiliarshapeD.beesdon’tlike2.Accordingtothepassagethewillowtreewasabletocommunicatewitheachotherby.A.wavingitsbranchesB.givingoffaspecialvaporC.droppingitsleavesD.changingthecolorofitstrunk3.Accordingtothepassagebeescommunicateby.A.touchingoneanotherB.smilingoneanotherC.makingspecialmovementD.makingunusualsound4.Theauthorbelievesthattheincidentdescribedinthepassage.A.cannotbetakenseriouslyB.seemscompletelyreasonableC.shouldnolongerbepermittedD.mustbecheckedmorethorough
ETheearthisgettingwarmer.Theplanetissuffering.Butwhatcanyoudoaboutit?ReducetheamountofwasteyougeneratE.Usecleanerenergysourcesandgogreenertodaystartingwiththesesteps:1.GetareusablewaterbottleAmericansbuyabout25billionsingle-servingplasticwaterbottleseachyear.That'sanaverageof83bottlesperpersonperyear.PlasticbottlestakeplentyofresourcestoproduceincludingfuelfortransportationandpetroleumtomaketheplastiC.Evenrecyclingbottlesusesenergy.2.EatlessmeatYoudon'tneedtobecomeavegetariantohelpsavetheplanet.Eatingmeatjustonedaylessaweekcanreduceyournegativeimpactontheenvironment.Morewaterenergyandlandarerequiredtoproducemeatthantoproducegrain.3.Switchtoenergy-efficientlightbulbsMosthouseholdsusestandardincandescent白炽的bulbs.Butcompactfluorescent荧光的lightbulbsorCFLsuse66percentlessenergythanstandardbulbsproducejustasmuchlightlastupto10timeslongeranddon'tneedtobereplacedasoften.IfeveryhouseholdintheUnitedStatesreplacedjustoneincandescentlightbulbwithaCFLbulbitwouldequalremovingonemillioncarsfromtheroaD.4.BuyorganicandlocalfoodDidyouknowthatonly1percentofpesticides杀虫剂appliedtocropsreachthepeststheytarget?Therestentertheenvironment.Organicfoodisgrownwithouttheuseofpesticides.Organicfarmingcanuse50percentlessenergythantraditionalfarmingmethods.BuyinglocalfoodsavesonthefuelusedtotransportfoodgrownelsewherethousandsofmilesacrossthecountryoraroundtheworlD.5.RecycleyourelectronicsEveryoneknowstheimportanceofrecyclingglassandplasticbutwhataboutcellphonescomputersCDsandbatteries?Electronicsareresponsibleforabout40percentoftoxic有毒的heavymetalssuchasleadandmercury.Checkwithyourcity'srecyclingfacilitiestoseeiftheytakeelectronics.72.Thereadersofthispassagearecalledonto______.A.helpreduceglobalwarmingB.usewaterinawisewayC.donatemoneyforcharityD.keepabalanceddiet73.WhatisanadvantageofCFLsaccordingtothepassage?A.Theyusemoreenergybutproducemorelight.B.Theycanlastlongersodon'tneedtobereplacedoften.C.Theycostlessthanstandardincandescentbulbs.D.Theyareasenergy-efficientasincandescentbulbs.74.Whichofthefollowingfiguresiscorrectaccordingtothepassage?A.EveryyearanAmericanbuys63plasticwaterbottlesonaveragE.B.Eatingmeatonedaylessaweekhelpscutenvironmentcosts.C.99ofthepesticidesusedoncropsiseffectiveinpracticE.D.Electronicsaccountforhalfofpoisonousheavymetalsontheearth.75.Whichcanbethebesttitleforthispassage?A.Whyistheearthgettingwarmer?B.Whatcanwedoaboutpollution?C.Howcanyouleadagreenerlife?D.Whoistoblameforglobalwarming?
CAstronautJimVosshasenjoyedmanymemorablemomentsinhiscareerincludingthreespaceflightsandonespacewalk.Butherecallswithspecialfondnessadecidedlyearthbound为地球引力所束缚的experienceinthesummerof1980whenheparticipatedintheNASAASEESummerFacultyFellowshipProgram.VossthenascienceteacheratWestPoinwasassignedtotheMarshallSpaceFlightCenter'spropulsion推进labinAlabamatoanalyzewhyahydraulicfuelpumpseal液压燃料泵的密封圈onthespaceshuttle航天飞机wasworkingsowellwhenprevioussealshadfaileD.Itwasaseeminglytinyproblemamongthevastcomplexitiesofrunningthespaceprogram.YetitwasimportanttoNASAbecauseanycrackinthesealcouldhaveledtodestructiveresultsfortheastronautswhoreliedonthem.IworkedabitwithNASAengineerssaysVossbutIdiditmostlybyananalysis.Iusedahandheldcalculatornotacomputertodoathermodynamic热力学的analysis.AttheendofthesummerheliketheotherNASAASEEfellowsworkingatMarshallsummarizedhisfindingsinaformalpresentationanddetailedpaper.ItwasavaluablemomentforVossbecausetheASEEprogramgavehimaddedunderstandingofNASAdeepenedhisdesiretoflyinspaceandintensifiedhisapplicationforastronautstatus.Itwasnotaneasyprocess.Vosswasactuallypassedoverwhenhefirstappliedfortheastronautprogramin1978.Overthenextnineyearshereappliedrepeatedlyandwasfinallyacceptedin1987.Sincethenhehasparticipatedinthreespacemissions.The50yearoldArmyofficerwholivesinHoustonisnowintrainingforafour-monthmissionasacrewmemberontheInternationalSpaceStationstartinginJuly2000.VosssaystheASEEprogramiswonderfulforallinvolveD.ItbringsinpeoplefromtheacademicworldandgivesNASAaspecialpropertyforaparticularperiodoftimE.ItbringssomefresheyesandfreshideastoNASAandestablishesalinkwithourcollegesanduniversitiesVossexplains.There'sanexchangeofinformationandanexchangeofperspectivesthatisveryimportant.FortheacademicsideVosssaystheASEEprogramalsobringsinstitutionsofhigherlearningmoreinsightintonewtechnology.Wegivethemanopportunitytoworkonrealworldproblemsandtakeitbacktotheclassroom.66.WhywasthehydraulicfuelpumpsealimportantforthespaceshuttleA.BecauseprevioussealsallfaileD.B.Becauseitwasverycomplexinrunningthespaceprogram.C.Becausegreatcarehastobetakenofthehydraulicfuelpumpsealing.D.Becauseanycrackinthesealswouldcausedisastrousresultsfortheastronauts.67.ThegreatsignificanceofVoss'sfindingsliesin_________.A.strengtheninghisdeterminationtojoininspaceflightsB.furtheringhisunderstandingofNASAC.consolidatinghisastronautstatusinNASAprogramsD.BothA.andB68.HowmanyflightswillVosshavefinishedifhisfour-monthmissionstartinginJuly2000endsupsuccessfullyA.ThreeBTwoCFourDFive69.WhichofthefollowingisNOTTRUEaccordingtowhatVosssaidontheASEEprogramA.Freshmembersfromtheacademicworldparticipateintheprogram.B.TheprogrambringsnewoutlookstoNASAspaceprograms.C.Itisimportantforthespacescientiststoexchangeinformationandperspectives.D.AmericancollegesanduniversitiesareaspecialpropertyofNASA.70.WhatdoesVosswanttostressinthelastparagraphA.Thetechnologicalsignificanceoftheprogram.B.Theeducationalsignificanceoftheprogram.C.Thephilosophicalsignificanceoftheprogram.D.Thehistoricalsignificanceoftheprogram.
Climatechangepollutionoveruseofwateranddevelopmentarekillingsomeoftheworld’smostfamousriversincludingChina’sYangtzE.India’sGangesandAfrica’sNilE.WWFsaidonTuesday.AtthegloballaunchofitsreportWorld’sTop10RiversatRiskthegroupsaidmanyriverscoulddryout.affectinghundredsofmillionsofpeopleandkillinguniqueaquatic水生的lifE.Iftheseriversdiemillionswilllosetheirlivelihoodsbiodiversity生物多样性willbedestroyedonamassivescaletherewillbelessfreshwaterandagricultureresultinginlessfoodsecuritysaiD.RayiSinghsecretary—generalofWWF—IndiA.ThereportlaunchedaheadofWorldWaterDaytodayalsocitedtheRioGrandein.theUnitedStatestheMekongandIndusinAsiaEurope’sDanubeLaPlatainSouthAmericaandAustralia’sMurray—Darlingasinneedofgreaterprotection.Riversaretheworld’smainsourceoffreshwaterandWWFsaysabouthalfoftheavailablesupplyisalreadybeingusedup.Damshavedestroyedhabitatsandcutriversofffromtheirfloodplains.whileclimatechangecouldaffecttheseasonalwaterflowsthatfeedthemthereportsaiD.FishpopulationsthetopsourceofproteinandoveralllifesupportforhundredsofthousandsofcommunitiesworldwidearealsobeingthreateneditfounD.TheYangtzebasinisoneofthemostpollutedriversintheworldbecauseofdecadesofheavyindustrializationdammingandhugeinfluxes流入ofseaiment积淀fromlandconversion.ClimatechangeincludinghighertemperaturesalsomeansseriousconsequencesforfisheryproductivitywatersupplyandpoliticalsecurityinAfrica’saridNilebasin.Tributaries支流flowingintotheGangesaredryingupbecauseofirrigationWWFsaiD.Whatdoesthetextmainlyabout?A.SavingfreshwaterinourlifE.B.Howtoprotectourrivers.C.Animportantdiscovery.D.World’stop10riversareatrisk.Wecaninferfromthetextthat_____.A.rivers’dyingoutcouldaffectfoodsecurityB.therearefourAsianriversmentionedinthepassageC.theYangtzeispollutedthankstothelackofenoughtributariesD.highertemperaturescouldn’taffectfisheryproductivityWWFisprobablyanameof_____.A.anorganizationB.anewspaperC.amagazineD.areport
Forthousandsofyearsmanhasenjoyedthetasteofapples.Appleswhichareabout85percentwatergrowalmosteverywhereintheworldbutthehottestandcoldestareas地区.AmongtheleadingcountriesinappleproductionareChinaFranceandtheUnitedStates.TherearevariouskindsofapplesbutaveryfewmakeupthemajorityofthosegrownforsalE.ThethreemostcommonkindsgrownintheUnitedStatesareDeliciousgoldenDeliciousandMcIntosh.ApplesaredifferentincoloursizeandtastE.Thecolouroftheskinmayberedgreenoryellow.TheyhavevarioussizeswithDeliciousapplesbeingamongthelargest.Thetastemaybesweetortart酸的.Generallysweetapplesareeatenfreshwhiletartapplesareusedtomakeapplesauce苹果酱.Appletreesmaygrowastallastwelvemetres.Theydobestinareasthathaveverycoldwinters.AlthoughnofruitisyieldedduringthewinterthiscoldperiodisgoodforthetreE.ItcanbelearnedfromthetextthatDeliciousapplesare_______________A.growninFrancE.B.soldeverywherE.C.verybig.D.quitesweet.Coldwinterweatherisgoodfor_______________A.thegrowthofappletrees.B.producinglargeapples.C.improvingthetasteofapples.D.theincreaseofwaterinapples.ChinaFranceandtheUnitedStatesareconsideredto_______________A.belargeproducersofapples.B.belargeproducersofapplesaucE.C.havethelongesthistoryinappleproduction.D.havethecoldestwinteramongappleproducingcountries.Thewordyieldedinthelastsentencemeans_______________A.improveD.B.increaseD.C.produceD.D.solD.
Goodtooldesignisimportantinthepreventionofoveruseinjuries.Well-designedtoolsandequipmentwillrequirelessforcetooperatethemandpreventawkward别扭的handpositions.Theywillallowtheworkertokeeptheelbows肘nexttothebodytopreventdamagetotheshoulderandarm.Overuseinjuriescanthereforebepreventedorreducediftheemployerprovidesandworkersuse:●powertoolsratherthanhavingtousemuscle肌肉power●toolswithspeciallydesignedhandlesthatallowthewrist手腕tokeepstraight.Thismeansthathandsandwristsarekeptinthesamepositionastheywouldbeiftheywerehangingrelaxedataperson’ssideFigure1.Bendthetoolnotthewrist●toolswithhandlesthatcanbeheldcomfortablybythewholehanD.Thismeanshavingaselectionofsizes—rememberthattoolsthatprovideacomfortablefirmholdforapersonwithaverylargehandmaybeawkwardforsomeonewithaverysmallhanD.Thisisaparticularlyimportantconsiderationforwomenwhomayusetoolsoriginallydesignedformen.●toolsthatdonotpressfingersorfleshbetweenthehandlesandwhosehandlesdonothavesharpedgesorasmallsurfaceareA.60.Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?A.GoodToolDesignforWomenB.ImportanceofGoodToolDesignC.ToolDesignandPreventionofInjuriesD.OveruseofToolsandWorkerProtection61.Whichofthefollowingdescribesawell-designedtool?A.It’skeptclosetothebody.B.Itfullyusesmusclepower.C.ItmakesusersfeelrelaxeD.D.It’soperatedwithlessforcE.62.WhatisFigure1usedtoshow?A.Theeffectiveuseofthetool.B.Thewayofoperatingthetool.C.TheproperdesignofthehandlE.D.Thepurposeofbendingthewrist.63.Inchoosingtoolsforwomen_____ofthehandleisthemostimportant.A.thesizeB.theedgeC.theshapeD.theposition
USbeesoperationkeepinggroupshavebeenattackedseriouslybysocalledColonyCollapseDisorder蜂群衰竭失调.Almost1/2oftheirworkerbeeshavevanishedduringthepastseason.ThisdisorderhasalsobeenreportedinIsraelEuropeandSouthAmericA.Beesflyawayfromthehiveandneverreturn.Sometimestheyarefounddead;othertimestheyareneverfounD.Manycropsandtreesdependonpollination---bybeestohelpthemgrow.A.newreportsaysavirusmaybeatleastpartlyresponsibleforthedisorderinhoneybeecoloniesintheUnitedStates.ThisvirusiscalledIsraeliacuteparalysisvirus.ItwasfirstfoundinIsraelin2004.LanLipkinatColumbiaUniversityinNewYorkandateamreportedthenewfindingsinScienceMagazinE.DoctorLipkinsaysthevirusmaynotbetheonlycausE.Hesaysitmayworkwithothercausestoproducethecollapsedisorder.Theteamfoundthevirusincolonieswiththehelpofamapofhoneybeegenesthatwaspublishedlastyear.Theyexaminedthirtycoloniesaffectedbythedisorder.Theyfoundevidenceofthevirusintwenty-fiveofthemandinonehealthycolony.Thenextstepisfurthertestingofhealthyhives.TheresearcherssuggestedthattheUnitedStatesmayhaveimportedthedisorderinbeesfromAustraliA.TheysaythebeesmaycarrythevirusbutnotbeaffecteD.TheideaisthatunlikemanyAmericanbeestheabilityofAustralianbeestofightdiseasehasnotbeenhurtbythevarroasismitE.ThisinsectattackshoneybeeswhichcouldmakethedisordermorelikelytoaffectahivE.Australianbeeproducersobjecttothesesuspicions.AndsomeresearcherssuspectthatbeeproductionintheUnitedStatesisdownmainlybecauseoftheweather.Honeybeesgathernectarfromflowersandtrees.Thesweetliquidgivesthemfoodandmaterialtomakehoney.ButcoldweatherthisspringintheMidwestreducedtheflowofnectarinmanyflowers.ManybeesmayhavestarveD.Dryweatherinareasofthecountrycouldalsobeplayingapart.WayneEsaiasisaNASAspaceagencyscientistwhokeepsbeesinhisfreetimE.HelivesincentralMarylandwherehehasfoundthatflowersarebloomingamonthearlierthantheydidin1970whichmaybepartlyresponsibleforthedisorder.WayneEsaiasisorganizingagroupofbeekeeperstodocumentnectarflowaroundthecountry.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardthecauseofthisdisorder?A.DoubtfulB.NeutralC.SupportiveD.NegativeThepassageismainlydevelopedby.A.presentingtheeffectandanalyzingitscausesB.makingcomparisonsbetweentwocountriesC.providingdataandexamplesD.followingthetimeorderHowmanypossibilitiesmaybeinvolvedinthebeedisorderaccordingtothepassage?A.ThreeB.FourC.FiveD.SixFromthepassagewecaninferthat.A.AmericanbeesaremorelikelytodefendthemselvesagainsthurtfromotherinsectsthanAustralianonesB.A.collectionofplantsproductionintheU.SmaybeinfluencedbythebeedisorderC.IsraeliacuteparalysisvirusshouldberesponsibleforthedisorderD.Thesolutiontothedisorderwillbefoundeventually
Disposing处理ofwastehasbeenaproblemsincehumansstartedproducingit.Asmoreandmorepeoplechoosetoliveclosetogetherincitiesthewaste-disposalproblembecomesincreasinglydifficult.DuringtheeighteenthcenturyitwasusualforseveralneighboringtownstogettogethertoselectafarawayspotasadumpsitE.Residentsortrashhaulers垃圾托运者wouldtransporthouseholdrubbishrottedwoodandoldpossessionstothesitE.Periodically定期的someofthetrashwasburnedandtherestwasburieD.Theunpleasantsightsandsmellscausednoproblembecausenobodylivedcloseby.Factoriesmillsandotherindustrialsitesalsohadwastetobedisposedof.Thoselocatedonriversoftenjustdumpedtheunwantedremainsintothewater.Othersbuilthugeburnerswithchimneystodealwiththeproblem.Severalfactsmakethesechoicesunacceptabletomodernsociety.ThefirstproblemisspacE.Dumpswhicharenowcalledlandfillsaremostneededinheavilypopulatedareas.SuchareasrarelyhaveemptylandsuitableforthispurposE.Propertyiseithertooexpensiveortooclosetoresidential住宅区的neighborhoods.Long-distancetrashhaulinghasbeenacommonpracticebutoncefarmareasarerefusingtoacceptrubbishfromelsewherecheaplandwithintruckingdistanceofmajorcityareasisalmostnonexistent.Awarenessofpollutiondangershasresultedinmorestrictrulesofwastedisposal.PollutionofriversgroundwaterlandandairisapricepeoplecannolongerpaytogetridofwastE.Theamountofwastehowevercontinuestogrow.Recyclingeffortshavebecomecommonplaceandmanytownsrequiretheirpeopletotakepart.Eventhemostefficientrecyclingprogramshowevercanhopetodealwithonlyabout50percentofacity'sreusablewastE.Themostsuitabletitleforthispassagewouldbe______.A.PlacesforDisposingWasteB.WastePollutionDangersC.WaysofGettingRidofWasteD.WasteDisposalProblemDuringthe18thcenturypeopledisposedtheirwasteinmanywaysEXCEPTfor______.A.buryingitB.recyclingitC.burningitD.throwingitintoriversWhatcanbeinferredfromthefourthparagraph?A.Farmareasacceptwastefromthecityinmodernsociety.B.Thereischeaplandtoburywasteinmodemsociety.C.Itisdifficulttofindspacetoburywasteinmodemsociety.D.WaystodealwithwasteinmodemsocietystaythesamE.Themainpurposeofwritingthisarticleisto________.A.drawpeople'sattentiontowastemanagementB.warnpeopleofthepollutiondangerswearefacingC.callonpeopletotakepartinrecyclingprogramsD.tellpeopleabetterwaytogetridofthewaste
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