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What causes traffic jams? Too many cars, right? No! Some Brits are now saying that traffic lights ...
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四阅读理解每小题2分共30分AYoumightthinkthatglobalwarmingmeansnothingmorethanariseintheworld’stemperaturE.Butrisingsealevelscausedbyithaveresultedinthefirstevacuation撤离ofanislandnation—thecitizensofTuvaluwillhavetohavetheirhomelanD.Duringthe20thcenturysealevelrose8-12inches.AsaresultTuvaluhasexperiencedlowlandfloodingofsaltwaterwhichhaspollutedthecountry’sdrinkingwater.PaaniLaupepaaTuvaluangovernmentofficialreportedtotheEarthPolicyInstitutethatthenationsufferedanunusuallyhighnumberoffiercestormsinthepasttenyears.Manyscientistsconnecthighersurfacewatertemperaturesresultingfromglobalwarmingtogreaterandmoredamagingstorms.LaupepaexpresseddissatisfactionwiththeUnitedStatesforrefusingtosigntheKyotoProtocolaninternationalagreementcallingforindustrializednationstoreducetheirgreenhousegasemissions导致温室效应的气体排放whichareamaincauseofglobalwarming.ByrefusingtosigntheagreementtheUShaseffectivelytakenawaythefreedomoffuturegenerationsofTuvaluanstolivewheretheirforefathershavelivedforthousandsofyearsLaupepatoldtheBBC.TuvaluhasaskedAustraliaandNewZealandtoallowthegradualmoveofitspeopletobothcountries.Tuvaluisnottheonlycountrythatisvulnerable易受影响的torisingsealevels.MaumoonGayoonpresidentoftheMaldivestoldtheUnitedNationsthatglobalwarminghasmadehiscountryof311000anendangerednation.56.Thetextismainlyabou_________.A.rapidchangesinearth’stemperatureB.badeffectsofglobalwarmingC.movingofacountrytoanewplaceD.reasonsforlowlandflooding57.AccordingtoscientiststheDIRECTcauseofmoreandfiercerstormsis________.A.greenhousegasemissionsinindustrializednationsB.highersurfacewatertemperaturesoftheseaC.continuousglobalwarmingD.risingsealevels58.LaupepawasnotsatisfiedwiththeUnitedStatesbecauseitdidnot_______.A.agreetoreduceitsgreenhousegasemissionsB.signanagreementwithTuvaluC.allowTuvaluanstomovetotheUSD.believetheproblemsfacingTuvaluwerereal
OntheafternoonofSeptember272008AstronautZhaiZhigangbecamethefirstChinesemantowalkinspaceonSaturdayclambering爬上攀登outofChina'sShenzhouVIIspacecraftinatechnologicalfeat成就功绩thatmadetheChinesepeopleexciteD.I'mfeelingquitewell.IgreettheChinesepeopleandthepeopleoftheworldZhaisaidasheclimbedoutofthecraftataround16:40BeijingtimeahistoricachievementtelecastliveonCCTV.TensofmillionsofChineseviewersgatheredbeforeTVscreenstowatchthemoment.ChinesePresidentHuJintaoandothertopleadershadappearedattheBeijingAerospaceControlCentertowatchthelivetransmissionofZhai'sspacewalk.Zhai42chosenbyanexpertteamforthefirstout-of-capsuleactivityshowedarednationalflaghelpedbycolleagueLiuBomingwhoalsobrieflypoppedhisheadoutofthecapsulE.Zhaislowlymadehiswaytowardsatestsampleofsolidlubricant润滑剂outsidethecapsuletookasampleandhandedittoLiu.Zhaisafelyreturnedinsidethecraftafterabout20minutes.ThewalkmarkedthehighpointofChina'sthirdmannedspacejourneywhichhasreceivedwidespreadmediacoveragE.Zhaiworea$4.4millionChinese-madesuitweighing120-kg.LiuworeaRussian-madeoneandactedasanassistant.ThethirdcrewmemberJingHaipengmonitoredtheshipfrominsidethere-entrymodulE.w.wTheriskymaneuverisasteptowardsChina'slonger-termgoalofbuildingaspacelabandthenalargerspacestationanalystssaiD.OnthisflightChinesepeople'sfootprintswillbeleftinspaceforthefirsttimesaidacommentary评论bytheXinhuanewsagency.TheastronautswentaboardontheirwalkafterreceivingacleanbillofhealthfromdoctorsonthegroundatmissioncontrolinBeijingXinhuasaiD.Zhai'ssuithas10layersandtakesupto15hourstoassembleandputon.China'sfirstmannedspaceflightwasin2003.A.secondtwo-mannedflightfollowedin2005.TheonlyothercountriesthathavesentpeopleintospaceareRussiaandtheUnitedStates.ShenzhouVIItookoffonThursdayandisduetolandonthenorthernsteppes草原ofInnerMongoliaonSunday.ThespacewalkdonebytheChineseastronautwashistoricbecause______.A.itwastelecastliveB.thereweremoreChineseviewersthaneverC.itwasthefirstspacewalkcarriedoutbyChineseastronautsD.topleaderswatchedthespacewalkThefollowingstatementsaretrueexcept______.A.ThelubricantputoutsidethecapsulewasatestsampleB.IttookZhaiZhigangabout20minutestoreturntothecraftsafelyC.ManytelevisionsandnewspapersaroundtheworldreportedtheeventD.ThereisanaerospacecontrolcenterinthecapitalThesignificanceofthespacewalkis______.A.thattheastronautcanworkoutsidethespacecraftB.itmarksasuccessfulsteptowardsChina’slonger-termgoalofbuildingaspacelabaswellasaspacestationC.ithasattractedtensofmillionsofpeopletowatchthewalkD.thattheChinese-madespacesuitcanbeusedinspaceWhatdoestheunderlinedwordcleanmeaninthepassage?A.healthyB.paid-offC.notdirtyD.clearThebesttitleofthepassageis______.A.FirstFootprintsofChinesePeopleinSpaceB.ExpensiveSpaceSuitC.ThreeSuccessfulMannedFlightsbyChineseAstronautsD.HistoricSpaceWalkbyChineseAstronaut
MoveEarth—it’snosciencefictionLONDON-Scientistshavefoundanunusualwaytopreventourplanetfromoverheating:moveittoacoolerspot.Allyouhavetodoissendafewcomets彗星inthedirectionofEarthanditsorbitwillbechangeD.Ourworldwillthenbesentspinningintoasafercolderpartofthesolarsystem.ThisideaforimprovingourclimatecomesfromagroupofUSNationalAeronauticsandSpaceAdministrationNASAengineersandAmericanastronomers.Theysaytheirplancouldaddanothersixbillionyearstotheusefullifetimeofourplanet—effectivelydoublingitsworkinglifE.TheplanputforwardbyDrLaughlinandhiscolleaguesDonKorycanskyandFredAdamsneedscarefullydirectingacometorasteroidsothatitpassesclosebyourplanetandsendssomeofitsgravitationalenergytoEarth.Earth’sorbitalspeedwouldincreaseasaresultandwewouldmovetoahigherorbitawayfromtheSunLaughlinsaiD.EngineerswouldthendirecttheircometsothatitpassedclosetoJupiterorSaturn.Thecometwouldpickupenergyfromoneofthesegiantplanets.LateritsorbitwouldbringitbacktoEarthandtheprocesswouldberepeateD.Intheshorttermtheplanprovidesanidealwaytoglobalwarmingalthoughtheteamwasactuallyconcernedwithamuchgreaterdanger.Thesuniscertaintoheatupinaboutabillionyearsandsoseriouslycompromiseourbiosphere生物圈—bycookingus.That’swhythegroupdecidedtotrytosaveEarth.Theplanhasoneortwoworryingaspectshowever.ForastartspaceengineerswouldhavetobeverycarefulabouthowtheydirectedtheirasteroidorcomettowardsEarth.Thesmallestmiscalculation误算inorbitcouldfireitstraightatEarth—withdeadlyconsequences.ThereisalsothequestionoftheMoon.AsthecurrentissueofScientificAmericanmagazinepointsoutifEarthwaspushedoutofitscurrentpositionitismostlikelytheMoonwouldbestrippedawayfromEarthitstates.Thiswouldgreatlychangeourplanet’sclimatE.1.WhatmakesthescientistsplantomoveEarth?A.A.fewcometsaremovingtothedirectionofEarth.B.Earth’sworkinglifeiscomingtoanendsoon.C.EarthwillbecometoohotformankindtokeepalivE.D.ThemoonismovingfartherandfartherawayfromEarth.2.IftheplanissuccessfulEarthwillhaveaworkinglifeof______years.A.12billionB.6billionC.18billionD.24billion3.Whatseriousproblemsmighttheplancauseaccordingtothepassage?A.ThecometmighthitEarthandmanmightlosethemoon.B.Earthmightbemovedtoofarawayandmanmightbefrozentodeath.C.ThecometmighthitJupiterorSaturnandneverreturntoEarth.D.Earth’sworkinglifemightbegreatlyshorteneD.4.Whatdoestheunderlinedwordcompromisemean?A.provideB.benefitC.shareD.endanger5.Whichofthefollowingbestshowshowtheplanwouldwork?
Britishscientistsarebreedinganewgenerationofriceplantsthatwillbeabletogrow.insoilcon??tainingsaltwater.TheirworkmayenableabandonedfarmstobecomeproductivefarmsoncemorE.TimFlowersandTonyYeofromSussexUniversity’sSchoolofBiologicalSciences.havespentseveralyearsresearchinghowcropssuchasricecouldbemadetogrowinwaterthathasbecomesalty.Thepairshaverecentlybegunathree-yearprogrammefundedbytheBiotechnologyandBio??logicalSciencesResearchCounciltoestablishwhichgenesenablesomeplantstosurvivesaltycondi??tions.TheaimistobreedthiscapabilityintocropsstartingwithricE.Itisestimatedthateachyearmorethan10millionhectares公顷ofagriculturallandarelostbecausesaltgetsintothesoilandstunts防碍生长plants.Theproblemiscausedbyseveralfactors.Inthetropicsmangrovesthatcreateswamps沼泽andtraditionallyformedbarrierstoseawaterhavebeencutdown.IntheMediterraneanaseriesofdroughtshavecausedthewatertabletodropallowingseawatertoseep渗透in.InLatinAmericairrigationoftencausesproblemswhenwaterisevaporatedbytheheatleavingsaltdepositsbehinD.Excesssaltthenenterstheplantsandpreventsthemfunctioningnormally.HeavyconcentrationsofmineralsintheplantsstopthemdrawingupthewatertheyneedtosurvivE.Toovercometheseproblems.FlowersandYeodecidedtobreedriceplantsthattakeinverylittlesaltandstorewhattheydoabsorbincellsthatdonotaffecttheplants’growth.Theyhavestartedtobreedthesecharacteristicsintoanewricecropbutitwilltakeabouteightharvestsbeforetheresul??tingseedsarereadytobeconsideredforcommercialusE.OncethecharacteristicsforsurvivingsaltysoilareknownFlowersandYeowilltrytobreedtheappropriategenesintoallmannersofcropsandplants.LandthathasbeenabandonedtonaturewillthenbeabletobloomagainprovidingmuchneededfoodforthepoorercountriesoftheworlD.4.WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutFlowersandYeoistrue?A.TheyarestudentsatSussexUniversity.B.Theyarericebreeders.5.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedasacauseoftheproblemdiscussedinthepassage?A.NaturalbarrierstoseawaterhavebeendestroyeD.B.Thewatertablehasgonedownafterdroughts.C.Sealevelhasbeencontinuouslyrising.D.EvaporationofwaterleavessaltbehinD.6.ThewordaffectinParagraph5couldbebestreplacedby________.A.influenceB.effectC.stopD.present7.Theattitudeoftheauthortowardstheresearchprojectis________.A.positiveB.negativeC.suspiciousD.indifferent
Runninglikethewindroaring咆哮likethundertigershavelongbeenfearedandrespectedasakingoftheanimalworlD.Butlastweekareportsaidthattherearenomorethan30wildtigersleftinsouthChinA.ThiswastheconclusionofateamofscientistsfromChina'sStateForestryAdministrationandtheWorldNatureFunD.TheSouthChinatigeralsoknownastheChinesetigerisnativetosouthernChinA.Inthe1950'stherewereover4000tigersfoundinmountainforestsinthecountry.Butduetothedestructionoftheirnaturalhabitat栖息地anduncontrolledhuntingithasbeenpushedontothelistoftheworld'stoptenmostendangeredspecies.Sixty-sixofthebigcatscanbefoundinthecagesofadozenzoosaroundChinA.Buttheyarenothingliketheirwildcousins.Theyhavelosttheirnaturalskillssuchashuntingandkilling.Iftheyweresetfreetheycouldnotlookafterthemselves.BreedinghasdamagedthequalityofthespeciessaidPeiEnledeputydirectoroftheShanghaiZoo.ToreintroducethespeciesintothewildthecountrystartedaprogrammetosendfivetotenyoungtigerstoSouthAfricA.FourofthemhavealreadyarriveD.Progresshasbeenmadeastwoeldertigershaverecoveredsomeoftheirinstincts本能andcanhuntwildanimalsbythemselvesattheAfricanbasE.SouthAfricansareveryexperiencedinreintroducingbiganimalstothewilD.ThecountryhasverygoodnaturalconditionsforthetigerstolearninsaidLuJunofficedirectoroftheNationalWildlifeResearchandDevelopmentCenter.WetriedinFujianProvincebutitwasnotsuccessfulastherewasnotacompleteeco-chain生物链andtherewasalackofspacE.ThetigersshouldreturntoChinain2007whenthereservationsinFujianareready.WhatisthemainreasonfortheSouthChinatigerbecomingoneoftheworld'stoptenmostendangeredspecies?A.Becauseithaslostitsnaturalinstincts.B.Becausethereisnotacompleteeco-chain.C.Becausethereisnospaceforit.D.Becauseuncontrolledhuntinghasdestroyeditsnaturallivingconditions.HowistheprogrammeofsendingseveraltigerstoSouthAfricagettingon?A.Itseffectstillremainstobeseen.B.Twotigerscanalreadycompetewiththeirwildcousins.C.Someofthetigersarealreadyontheroadtorecoveringtheirnaturalskills.D.Thetigersshouldbeabletorecovertheirinstinctscompletelyby2007.Bysayingbuttheyarenothingliketheirwildcousinsthewritermeansthat______.A.theyarenolongerfearedbyotherwildanimalsB.theydon'tknowhowtohuntorkillC.acompletechangehasresultedinthespeciesbecauseofbreedingD.toreintroducethemintothewildhasbecomeanurgenttaskWhatisthepurposeofsendingyoungtigerstoSouthAfrica?A.TohelpthetigersrecovertheirabilitytoliveinthewilD.B.Toprovidethemwithabetterenvironment.C.Togetthetigerstogoonatour.D.Tofindacompleteeco-chainforthem.WhichoneisnotthereasonforSouthAfricabeingchosenasthetrainingplace?A.BecausethetigerscanhuntwildanimalsbythemselvesattheAfricanbasE.B.BecauseSouthAfricansareskilledatdealingwiththetigers.C.Becausethereisacompleteeco-chainandenoughspacetherE.D.Becausethecountryhasgoodnaturalconditionsforthetigerstolearnin.
PITTSBURGH–Formostpeoplesnakesseemunpleasantoreventhreatening.ButHowieChosetseesintheirdelicatemovementsawaytosavelives.The37-year-oldCarnegieMellonUniversityprofessorhasspentyearsdevelopingsnake-likerobotshehopeswilleventuallyslidethroughfallenbuildingsinsearchofvictimstrappedafternaturaldisastersorotheremergencies.DanKaraispresidentofRoboticsTrendsaNorthboroMass.-basedcompanythatpublishesanonlineindustrymagazineandrunsroboticstradeshows.Hesaidthereareothersnake-likerobotsbeingdevelopedmainlyatuniversitiesbutdidn’tknowofonethatcouldclimbpipes.TheCarnegieMellonmachinesaredesignedtocarrycamerasandelectronicsensorsandcanbecontrolledwithajoystick操纵杆.Theymovesmoothlywiththehelpofsmallelectricmotorsorservoscommonlyusedbyhobbyistsinmodelairplanes.Builtfromlightweightmaterialstherobotsareaboutthesizeofahumanarmorsmaller.TheycansensewhichwayisupbutareonlyasgoodastheirhumanoperatorsChosetaddeD.SamStoverasearchtermmanagerwiththeFederalEmergencyManagementAgencybasedinIndianasaidsnake-typerobotswouldoffergreatermobilitythanequipmentcurrentlyavailablesuchascamerasattachedtoextendableroles.Itjustallowsustodosomethingwe’venotbeenabletodobeforeStoversaidWeneededthemyesterday.Hesaidsnifferdogsarestillthebestsearchtoolforrescueworkersbutthattheycanonlybeusedeffectivelywhenworkershaveaccesstodamagedbuildings.Stoveramongtherescueworkerswhohandledtheaftermath后果ofHurricaneKatrinasaidsnakerobotswouldhavehelpedrescuerssearchfloodedhousesinthatdisaster.Chosetsaidtherobotsmaynotbereadyforuseforanotherfivetotenyearsdependingonfunding.72.WhichinstitutionisresponsibleforthedevelopmentofChoset’srobots?A.RoboticsTrends.B.PittsburghCityCouncil.C.CarnegieMellonUniversity.D.FederalEmergencyManagementAgency.73.Chosetbelievesthathisinvention______.A.canbeattachedtoanelectronicarmB.canbeusedbyhobbyistsinmodelairplanesC.canfindvictimsmorequicklythanasnifferdogD.cansenseitswaynobetterthanitsoperators74.BysayingWeneededthemyesterdayparagraph7Stovermeansthatsnake-likerobots_____.A.couldhelphandletheaftermathofHurricaneKatrinaB.wouldhavebeenputtouseinpastrescueworkC.helpedrescuerssearchfloodedhousesyesterdayD.wereingreaterneedyesterdaythantoday75.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Snake-likerobotsusedinindustries.B.Snake-likerobotsmadetoaidinrescues.C.Thedevelopmentofsnake-likerobots.D.Theworkingprinciplesofsnake-likerobots.
Thereisabrownfemale母的Canadianduckthatweighsonlyfourhundredfiftygrams.TheduckhadflowntothesouthernstateofFloridaforthewinter.AhuntershotitonJanuaryfifteenthandtookittohishomeinthecityofTallahasseE.Heputitintherefrigerator冰箱.Twodayslatertheman’swifeopenedtherefrigeratordoor.Theducklifteditsheadandlookedather.Itwasalive!Thefamilytooktheducktoadoctorwhotreatsanimals.ThedoctorgavetheducktotheGooseCreekAnimalSanctuary动物保护区.AnimalsanctuariesprovidehomesforanimalsandteachpeopleabouttheircarE.ThedoctorsaiditwaseasytounderstandwhypeoplethoughttheduckwasdeaD.Hesaidducksgenerallydonotmovea1otespeciallyafterbeingshot.Andhesaiditslowbodytemperaturehelpeditsurviveintherefrigerator.ThatwasenoughtomaketheduckfamousaroundtheworlD.TheTallahasseenewspaperpublishedthestorythatwasre-printedinmanydifferentcountries.Butthatwasnottheendofthestory.WorkersatthewildlifesanctuarynamedtheduckPerky.Andtheygotthedoctortogiveanoperationtorepairtheduck’sdamagedwing.DuringtheoperationPerkystoppedbreathing--notjustoncebuttwotimes.ThedoctortriedtosavePerkybygivingheroxygen.ButhefinallysaidtheduckhaddieD.AfewsecondslaterhoweverPerkybegantomovE.ReportssaythepeopleintheoperatingroomweresohappythattheycrieD.WorkersatthewildlifesanctuarysayPerkywillnothaveanymoreoperations.Itseemsthedrugsthatwereusedhadside-effectsonher.Perkyisexpectedtoliveatthesanctuary.AndalocalcompanyhasbeguntosellT-shirtsshowingapictureoftheluckyduck.MoneyfromthesaleoftheshirtswillhelppayforPerky’scarE.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?A.Animalsanctuariesarehomesspeciallyforwoundedanimals.B.Thehuntershottheduckinthewing.C.Ducksdonotmoveatallforthewholewinter.D.Thehunter’swifeintendedtofreetheduckintherefrigerator.TheunderlinedWordThatinthefourthparagraphreferstothefactthat______.A.theducksurvivedtheshotandthecoldintherefrigeratorB.thehunterhadsavedtheduckbyfreezingitC.thehuntershottheduckfromCanadaD.theTallahasseenewspaperpublishedthestoryTheduckinthestory______.A.wasbigandstrongB.flewtoFloridaforfoodC.stayedintherefrigeratortokeepitsbodytemperaturelowD.wasconsidereddeadbeforebeingputintherefrigeratorWhatisthebesttitleforthepassage?A.SavetheDuckB.TheLuckyDuckC.StopKillingDucksD.ThePoorDuckItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat_______.A.thelocalcompanywillgetlargeprofitsbysellingtheT-shirtsB.itwasillegalformehuntertoshoottheduckC.theduckislikelytobewellcaredforinthesanctuaryD.PerkylikesFloridabetterthanCanada
DBothwarm-bloodedandcold-bloodeddesertanimalshavewaystoescapethedesertheat.Warm-bloodeddesertanimalssuchasratsandmicerestduringthedayoftenstayingincoolundergroundburrows.AtnighttheysearchforfooD.Animalsthatareoutduringthedaysuchascold-bloodedlizardsandsnakesareactiveonlyforshortperiods.Astheirbodytemperaturerisesthesereptilesmoveintotheshadeinordertocooldown.Intheearlyeveningwhenthesungrowsweakerthereptilesbecomemoreactiveandbegintheirsearchforfoodagain.Gettingenoughwatertosurviveisamajorproblemforalldesertanimals.Somedesertanimalssuchasthekangarooratandtherelatedjerboagetwateronlyfromthefoodthattheyeat.Becausetheseanimalseatmainlydryseedstheymustsurviveonatinyamountofwater.MostdesertshaveonlyasmallnumberoffrogsandtoadsbecausetheseanimalsmustbenearwatertosurvivE.Yeteventhesecreatureshaveadaptedtodesertconditions.Whensmallamountsofwatercollectintemporarystreamsthedesert-livingfrogsandtoadsbecomeactivE.Afterarainfalltheylaytheireggs.Theeggsgrowintotadpolesinafewdaysandintoadultsinjustfourweeks.WhenthepuddlesdryuptheadultfrogsortoadsdigintothegrounD.Theirmetabolism新陈代谢slowsandtheystaybeneaththegrounduntilthenextrainwhichmaybeasgoodasayearaway.UntilthentheirbodilyactivitiescontinueatareducedratE.Thecamel---oftencalledtheshipofthedesert---isoneofthemostsuccessfuldesertanimals.Camelscangoforlongperiodswithoutwaterbuteventuallytheymustdrink.Whenwaterbecomesavailabletothemafteralongdroughttheymaydrink95litersofwaterormorE.Whenwaterisnotavailablewhathelpscamelssurvivethedesertheatisthefatstoredintheirhumps.A.camel’shumpcontainsabout12kilogramsoffat.Fatisrichinhydrogen.Asthefatisdigestedhydrogenfromthefatcombineswithoxygenintheairthatthecamelbreathes.TheresultisH2Oorwater.Eachkilogramoffatthatacameldigestsproducesaboutaliterofwater.71.Desertanimalsareusuallymoreactiveatnightbecause______.A.itiscooleratnightB.itiseasiertofindwaterC.theylikethedarkD.theyarelesslikelytobeattackedatnight72.Whichofthefollowingdesertanimalscangetwateronlyfromthefood?A.Thecamel.B.Thekangaroorat.C.Thefrog.D.Thetoad73.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A.Allthedesertanimalsrestduringtheday.B.Allthedesertanimalsdon’trestduringtheday.C.Cold-bloodeddesertanimalsdon’trestduringtheday.D.Noneofthecold-bloodeddesertanimalsgooutduringtheday.74.Thetitleforthispassagecouldprobablybe________.A.HotDesertsB.DesertAnimalsC.HowDesertAnimalsGetWaterD.WaysToEscapetheDesertHeat75.Theunderlinedwordburrowsinthefirstparagraphcanbereplacedby_________.A.holesB.cavesC.roomsD.Openings
阅读短文完成问题HappinessandsadnessarestatesofbeingthatdefinethewayweviewtheworlD.Itisoftensaidthatsomepeoplebynaturehaveasunnycharacter.Nowscientistsmayhavediscoveredwhy.SomepeoplemaybebornforhappinesswhileothersaregeneticallynegativescientistshavesuggestedinastudypublishedlateFebruaryinaBritishjournal.Earlierresearchhadalreadyestablishedthatthegeneknownas5-HTTLPRplaysakeyroleindetermininghowtheneurotransmitter神经传递素serotonin含于血液中的复合胺workswithinthebrain.Serotoninahormone荷尔蒙passeschemicalmessagesbetweennervecells.IthasbeencloselylinkedtomooD.Severalanti-depressant抗抑郁drugsregulateserotoninlevels.Scientistshadalsoidentifiedthreevariants变体ofthegenE.Twoso-calledshortvariantswerelinkedtoahigherriskofdepressionandsuicideattempts.Unlikethetwoshortvariantsthelongvariantof5-HTTLPRshowedacleardislikeofnegativeimagessuchasfierceanimalsandaclearlikingforpositiveonessuchasflowers.ResearchersfromtheUniversityofEssexinBritainledbyElaineFoxshowedparticipantsaseriesofimages.Theimagesweredividedintothreekinds:negativeonesaimedatinspiringfearorstresssuchasaspiderorpersonabouttocommitsuicidepleasantonesandneutral中性的ones.Theparticipantswhohadthelongvariantofthe5-HTTLPRgeneshowedacleardislikeofnegativematerialalongsideacarefulattentionforpositivematerialtheresearchersfounD.Theypaidcloseattentiontotheprettypicturesandignoredthefrighteningones.Ontheotherhandtheshortvariantgroupshadtheoppositereaction.InJanuarytheAustraliangovernmentorganizedhappinessworkshopsteachinggovernmentstaffhowtobehappy.Thedepartmentthatheldthehappinessworkshopssaidunhappystaffweren'tproductivestaff.Australianpoliticaloppositionpartieshavearguedthatthehappinessworkshopsareprobablyawasteofmoneyandcouldn'tincreaseproductivityasintendeD.HoweverwhethertheworkshopwillhaveahappyordisappointingresultwewillhavetowaitandseE.1.Forthepassagebywhatmeanscanweviewtheworld?A.Happinessandsadness.B.Happinessandcuriosity.C.Sadnessandamazement.D.Disappointmentandsadness.2.Whatismostimportantintheroleofdecidinghowthetheneurotransmitterserotoninworkswithinthebrain?A.Thegeneknownas5-HTTLPR.B.Threevariants.C.Neurotransmitterserotonin.D.A.hormonE.3WhichofthefollowingsentencesisWRONG?A.Serotoninahormonewithinthebrain.passeschemicalmessagesbetweennervecellswhichhasbeencloselylinkedtomooD.B.Scientistsidentifiedthetwoshortvariantsandthelongvariantof5-HTTLPRwhichshowedaclearhatredofnegativeimagessuchasfierceanimals.C.ScientistsidentifiedthreevariantsofthegenE.Twoso-calledlongvariantswerelinkedtoahigherriskofdepressionandmurderattempts.D.Intermsofresearchers’researchtheimagesweredividedintothreekinds:negativeonespleasantonesandneutralones.4.WhydidtheAustraliangovernmentorganizeHappinessworkshops?A.Toenrichstaff’sfreelifE.B.Toteachstaffthewaystobehappy.C.Toprovetheresultoftheresearchers’research.D.Totestwhoweren’tproductivestaff.5.WhatistheresultofsettingupHappinessworkshopsaccordingtothelastparagraph?A.A.wasteofmoney.B.Noeffectonincreasingproductivity.C.A.disappointingresult.D.Anuncertainresult.
PartB:ReadingComprehension20%A.Backpacksareconvenient.Theycanholdyourbooksyourlunchandachangeofclothesleavingyourhandsfreetodootherthings.Somedayifyoudon’tmindcarryingaheavyloadyourbackpackmightalsopoweryourMP3playerkeepyourcellphonerunningandmaybeevenlightyourwayhomE.ScientistsfromtheUniversityofPennsylvaniainPhiladelphiaandtheMarineBiologicalLaboratoryinWoodsHoleMass.haveinventedabackpackthatmakeselectricityfromenergyproducedwhileitswearerwalks.Thebackpack’selectricity-creatingpowersdependonspringsusedtohangaclothpackfromitsmetalframE.Theframesitsagainstthewearer’sbackandthewholepackmovesupanddownasthepersonwalks.A.mechanismwithgears传动装置collectsenergyfromthismotionandtransfersittoanelectricalgenerator.Surprisinglytheresearchersfoundpeoplewalkdifferentlywhentheywearthespringypacks.Asaresultwearersuselessenergythanwhencarryingregularbackpacks.Alsothewaythenewpacksrideonwearers’backsmakesthemmorecomfortablethanstandardpacks.Thebackpackcouldbeespeciallyusefulforsoldiersscientistsmountaineersandemergencyworkerswhotypicallycarryheavybackpacks.ThesepeopleoftenrelyonglobalpositioningsystemGPSreceiversnight-visiongoggles夜视镜andotherbattery-powereddevicestogetaroundanddotheirwork.Becausethepackcanmakeitsownelectricityusersdon’tneedtogiveupspaceintheirpackstolotsofextrabatteries.Fortherestofuspower-generatingbackpackscouldmakeitpossibletowalkplayvideogameswatchTVandlistentomusicallatthesametimE.Electricity-generatingpacksaren’tonthemarketyetbutifyoudogetoneeventuallyjustmakesuretolookbothwaysbeforecrossingthestreet!65.Thepassageintroducesanewkindof______backpack.A.electronicB.electricity-producingC.electron-generatingD.electricity-controlling66.Thenewbackpackmakesuseof______toproducepower.batteriesplacedatthebottomoftheframethemotionofthepackwhilethewearerwalksenergythewearerconsumesforcarryingthepackthecollectivemotionofamechanismandsomegears67.Fromthepassagewecaninferthat______.thebackpacksofmountaineersmaybecomesmallerinthefuturethenewbackpackcanhardlybeproducedduetoitspotentialdangerthenewbackpackwillsomedayreplaceMP3playersandcellphonesthebackpackwillalsoprovideelectricityforlightingourhouses68.Anenormousdisadvantageofpower-generatingbackpacksmightbethat______.theymaystopworkingatanytimeittakesquiteawhiletohavetheenergytransferredtheymaydistractthewearer’sattentionfromroadsafetytheywillbeextremelyheavywiththemechanism
SuperconductingMaterialsThestoneageTheIronAgE.Entireepochshavebeennamedformaterials.Sowhattocallthedecadesahead?Thechoicewillbetough.Welcometotheageofsuperstuff超级材料.Materialscience--oncetheleastsexytechnology–isburstingwithnewpracticaldiscoveriesledbysuperconductingceramicsthatmayrevolutionizeelectronics.Butsuperconductorsarejustpartofthepicture:fromhouseandcarstocookpotsandartificialteeththeworldwillsomedaybemadeofdifferentstuff.ExoticplasticsglassandceramicswillshapethefuturejustassurelyashavegeneticengineeringandcomputersciencE.Thekeytothenewmaterialsisresearchers’increasingabilitytomanipulatesubstancesatthemolecularlevel.Ceramicsforexamplehavelongbeenlimitedbytheirbrittleness.ButbyminimizingthemicroscopicimperfectionsthatcauseitscientistsaremakingfarstrongerceramicsthatstillretainsuchqualitiesashardnessandheatresistancE.FordMotorCo.nowusesceramictoolstocutsteel.A.firmcalledKyocerahascreatedalineofceramicscissorsandknivesthatstaysharpforyearsandneverrustorcorrodE.A.similartransformationhasovertakenplastics.High-strengthpolymersnowformbridgesice-skatingrinksandhelicopterrotors.Andonenewplasticthatgenerateselectricitywhenvibratedorpushedisusedinelectricguitarstouchsensorsforrobothandsandkaratejacketsthatautomaticallyrecordeachpunchandchop.Evenplasticlitterwhichoncethreatenedtopermanentlyblotthelandscapehasprovedamenabletomoleculartinkering.Severalmanufacturersnowmakebiodegradableforms;someplasticsix-packringsforexamplegraduallydecomposewhenexposedtosunlight.Researchersaredevelopingwaystomakeplasticsasrecyclableasmetalorglass.Besidescomposites–plasticreinforcedwithfibersofgraphiteorothercompounds–madetheround-the-worldflightofthevoyagerpossibleandhaveevenbeenprovedincombat:ahelmetsavedaninfantryman’slifebydeflectingtwobulletsintheGrenadainvasion.Someadvancedmaterialsareoldstandardwithanewtwist.Thenewestfiberoptic光学纤维的cablethatcarrytelephonecallscross-countryaremadeofglasssotransparentthatapieceof100milesthickisclearerthanastandardwindowpanE.Butnewmaterialshavenoimpactuntiltheyaremadeintoproducts.Andthattransitioncouldprovedifficultforswitchingrequireslengthyresearchandinvestment.ItcanbesaidafirmerhandleonhowtomovetocommercializationwilldeterminethesuccessorfailureofacountryinthenearfuturE.Howmanynewmaterialsarementionedinthispassage?A.TwoB.ThreeC.FourD.FiveWhydoestheauthormentiongeneticengineeringandcomputerscience?A.Tocomparethemwiththenewmaterials.B.ToshowthesignificanceofthenewmaterialsonthefutureworlD.C.Tocomparethenewmaterialstothem.D.Toexplainhisviewpoint.Whyistransitiondifficult?A.BecausetransitionrequiresmoneyandtimE.B.Becausemanymanufacturersareunwillingtochangetheirequipment.C.Becauseresearchonnewmaterialsisverydifficult.D.Becauseittakes10years.WhereliessuccessofacountryintheNewAgeofsuperstuff?A.Itliesinresearch.B.Itliesininvestment.C.Itliesininnovation.D.Itliesinapplication.
Everydayrubbishcouldprovideavaluablesourceofenergythankstoaclevernewinvention.Smellymethane沼气gasexpelledfromlandfillsitescontainingtonesofrottinghouseholdwastecouldbeusedtoproduceavaluableenergyresourcE.InEuropealonelandfilltipsproduce94billioncubicmetersofmethaneperyearbutcurrentlyonlyonepercentofwhatcouldbeavaluablesourceofenergyisusedtherestisburntofftopreventanexplosivebuildupofgas.MethanegasformswhenorganicmatterbreaksdownandisdrawnofffromlargerubbishtipsbypipessunkintothemiddleofthewastE.Untilnowthisprocesswasn’tpossibleonsmallsitesbecausethepipeallowedoxygentoseepinandthatstopthebreakdownprocess.ViktorPopovoftheWessexInstituteofTechnologyhasnowdevelopedasystemtomodifyexistinglandfillsitesbymakingthemairtightwhilethemethaneisextractedfromsunkenwells.Thesiteiscoveredbyaspecialthree-layeredskinwhosetwoouterlayersaremadeofclaywithapressurized加压的layerofcarbondioxidegasinthemiddlE.AsthemethaneissuckedoutthroughacentralwellitisreplacedbycarbondioxidefromthemiddlelayerratherthanoxygenallowingthebreakdownprocesstocontinuE.UnfortunatelytherearenoplanstousethepowerofmethaneeventhoughPopovclaimshisinventioncouldprovideavaluablesourceofenergyoverthenext20years.Thepassagemainlyintroduces______tous.A.howtomakemethaneB.anewwaytomakeuseofrubbishC.thevaluablethingsinrubbishD.theamountofrubbishbeigreusedFromthepassagewecanseethat_____.A.inEurope94billioncubicmetersofmethaneisproducedeveryyearB.someofthewastewillexplodeifitisnotburntoffC.99%oftherubbishhasbeenburntoffinEuropeD.onlyaverysmallpartofthiskindofenergyisusedinEuropeInthepassagetheunderlinedwordthatrefersto______.A.methanegasB.thelongpipeC.oxygenD.therubbishWhichofthefollowingstatementisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?A.Oxygencancausethebreakdownprocesstostop.B.Whenthemethaneissuckedoutoxygenwillenterfromthemiddlelayer.C.Carbondioxidedoesn’taffectthebreakdownprocess.D.ThenewinventionhasnotbeenputintousE.
Wehaveseenthatpesticides杀虫剂nowpollutesoilwaterandfoodandthattheyhavethepowertomakeourriversfishlessandourgardensandwoodlandssilentandbirdless.ManhowevermuchhemayliketopretendtheoppositeispartofnaturE.Canheescapeapollutionthatisnowsothoroughlyspreadthroughoutourworld?Weknowthatevensingleexposure暴露tothesechemicalsiftheamountislargeenoughcancauseextremelyseverepoisoning.Butthisisnotthemajorproblem.Thesuddenillnessordeathoffarmersfarmworkersandothersexposedtoenoughquantitiesofpesticidesisverysadandshouldnothappen.ForthepopulationasawholewemustpaymoreattentiontothedelayedeffectsoftakinginsmallamountsofthepesticidesthatunseeablypolluteourworlD.Responsible负责的publichealthofficialshavepointedoutthatthebiologicaleffectsofchemicalsareincreasinginamountoverlongperiodsoftimeandthatthedangertomanmaydependontheamountoftheexposuresreceivedthroughouthislifetimE.Fortheseveryreasonspeopleeasilytakenonoticeofthedanger.Itishumannaturetoshakeoffwhatmayseemtousafuturedisaster灾害.MenarenaturallymostimpressedbydiseaseswhichhaveobvioussignssaysawisephysicianDr.ReneDubosyetsomeoftheirworstenemiesslowlycomenearthemunnoticeD.Whichofthefollowingisclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedsentence?A.Mandoesn'tcareaboutwhathappensinnaturE.B.ManactsasifhedoesnotbelongtonaturE.C.Mancanavoidtheeffectsofenvironmentalpollution.D.Mancanescapehisresponsibilitiesforenvironmentalprotection.Peoplearelikelytotakenonoticeofthedelayedeffectsofexposuretochemicalsbecause________.A.limitedexposuretothemdoeslittleharmtopeople'shealthB.thepresentismoreimportanttothemthanthefutureC.thedangerdoesnotbecomeseenclearlyandimmediatelyD.humansareabletobearsmallamountsofpoisoningItcanbeconcludedfromwhatDr.Dubossaysthat________.A.peoplefindhiddendiseasesdifficulttodealwithB.attacksbyhiddenenemiesarelikelytobedeadlyC.diseaseswithobvioussignsareeasytocureD.peoplearelikelytotakenonoticeofhiddendangerscausedbypesticides
BChinaisgoinggreen.Inordertoreduceairpollutionandoilshortagescarmakershaveannouncedtheirplanstodevelophybridvehicles混合燃料汽车fortheChinesemarket.Toyota’shybridcarPriuswillbereadytodriveinChinathisweek.Let’shavealookatthenewcar.Anyvehicleisahybridrunonarechargeablebatteryandgas.Hybridcarshavespecialengineswhicharesmallerthantraditionalgasengines.Thegasolineengineprovides99percentofthepowerwhenthecarisgoingatasteadyspeeD.A.speciallydesignedbatterymotorprovidesextrapowerforrunninguphillsorwhenitneedstospeedup.StepintoaPriusandturnontheenginE.Thefirstthingyounoticeisthatitisquieterthanatraditionalcar.Atthispointthecar’sgasengineisatrest.Theelectricmotorwillprovidepoweruntilthecarreachesabout24km/h.Ifyoustayatalowspeedyouareeffectivelydrivinganelectriccarwithnogasbeingusedandnowastegasgivenoff.Thecomputerdecideswhentousethegasenginewhentogoelectricandwhentouseacombinationofthetwo.Ifyougoover24km/hwhenyousteponthegaspedal油门youaretellingthecomputerhowfastyouwanttogo.Theelectricmotorrechargesautomaticallyusingasetofbatteries.Andwhendrivingatahighspeedthegasenginenotonlypowersthecarbutalsorechargesthebatteries.Whenyouusethebraketheelectricmotorinthewheelswillworklikeagenerator发电机toproduceelectricitytorechargethebatteries.Asaresultthecar’sbatterieswilllastforaround200000miles.66.Theunderlinedsentenceprobablymeans________.A.therewillbemoreandmoregreenlandinChinaB.China’snewcarsarecombinationsofdifferentgreenmodelsC.ChinaisstillyoungandlackinginexperienceD.theenvironmentisgettingbetterinChina67.Whatisthemostimportantfeatureofhybridcars?A.Theyarepoweredbybotharechargeablebatteryandgas.B.Theyhavesmallerenginesthantraditionalgasones.C.Theyonlyuse99percentoftheirpowertorunuphill.D.Theyaremuchquieterthantraditionalcars.68.Wecanknowfromthestorythat________.A.thegasenginerechargesthebatteriesaswellaspoweringthecarB.usingthebrakesuggeststhatthegasengineshouldworkC.thecar’sbatterieswilllastforaround200000mileswithoutbeingrechargedD.thebatteriescanberechargedatanytimeyouwant69.Theauthorwritesthepassagemainlyto________.A.announceplanstodevelophybridvehiclesfortheChinesemarketB.letpeopleknowhowtosavetheirgaswhendrivingacarC.teachpeoplehowtodriveahybridcarD.introduceanewkindofgreencar70.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaccordingtothetext?A.Thehybridcarisenvironmentallyfriendly.B.ThehybridcarisunabletogetitselfrechargeD.C.Thehybridcarhasbeenmadeinmass.D.Thehybridcarcandecidewhatpowertouse
第三部分阅读理解共20小题每题2分满分40分阅读下列短文从每题所给的四个选项A.B.C和D中选出最佳选项并在答题卡上将该项涂黑ATheluxuryofeatinganappleonMarscouldcostasmuchasUS$22000.That'sbecauseitcostsaboutUS$120000tolaunchakilogramofanythingintodeepspacE.SogettingenoughfoodintoorbitisabigproblemfacingastronautsonatriptoMars.AfterNASANationalAeronauticsandSpaceAdministrationhasnocurrentplanstosendastronautstoMarsrelatedresearchisbeingcarriedout—includingtheproductionoffooD.AstronautsontheinternationalSpaceStationusuallyeatprimarilyfreeze-driedfoodtowhichtheyaddwater.Howevertheweightofthepackaging—almostasmuchasthefoodinside—costsalotofmoney.ThebiggestproblemofallisapsychologicalonE.Scientistsbelievethatastronautswillsufferwithoutthevarietyofferedbyfreshvegetables.TheansweristogrowatleastsomeofthefooD.Onashorttripitisimaginedthatastronautswilleatvegetablessuchaslettucespinachandcarrotsgrowninarefrigerator-sizedunitknownasasaladmachine.OnlongerjourneystheywillactuallygrowvegetablesingreenhousesonMars.Martianastronautswilleatavegetariandietsinceitwillnotbepracticaltoraiseanimals.Tomakeupforthelackofmeatrecipeshavebeencreatedtoaddasmuchvarietytothedietaspossibleusingonlyabasicnumberofproducts.Itusesheatandmechanicalforcetotransformsoybeansintomeatandcheesesubstitutes代替品.Theprizedresultofthisresearchisapurelyvegetable-basedpizzawithmeatandcheesesubstitutes.41.Whatisthebesttitleforthisstory?A.SpaceFoodB.Astronauts'ProblemC.ThePackagingofSpaceFoodD.MarsRover-Spirit42.WhatisthemainproblemwiththedietofastronautsontheinternationalSpaceStationnow?A.ThepackagingistooexpensivE.B.OnlyfreshvegetablesareoffereD.C.ToomuchwaterisneededfordriedfooD.D.TherearenotenoughchoicesoffooD.43.Whatisthesaladmachineinthespaceshipfor?A.Itstoresvegetables.B.Itgrowsvegetables.C.ItcooksgreensalaD.D.ItmixesgreensalaD.44.FromthepassageweknowthatthedietplanforMartianastronautsisshortof.A.Vegetables.B.A.specialkindofPizzA.C.Meat.D.Soybeans
Lifeonearthdependsonwaterandthereisnosubstituteforit.Thecurrentassumptionisthatourbasicneedsforwater—whetherfordrinkingagricultureindustryortheraisingoffishwillalwayshavetobemet.Giventhatpremise前提therearetwobasicrouteswecango:moreequalaccesstowaterorbetterengineeringsolutions.LookingattheengineeringsolutionfirstalotofmyresearchconcentratesonwhathappenstowetlandswhenyoubuilddamsinriverbasinsparticularlyinAfricA.Theecologyofsuchareasisalmostentirelydrivenbytheseasonalchangesoftheriver—thepulseofthewater.Andthefactisthatifyoubuildadamyougenerallyspoilthedownstreamecology.Inthepastsuchproblemshavebeenhiddenbyalackofinformation.ButinthenearfuturegovernmentswillhavenoexcusefortheirignorancE.Theengineers’abilitytocontrolwaterflowshascreatednewkindsofunpredictabilitytoo.DamsinAfricahavemeantfewerfishlessgrazingandlessfloodplain洪泛区agriculture—noneofwhichwereexpecteD.Andtheiraverageeconomiclifeisassumedtobethirtyyears.Damsdon’texistforeverbutwhatwillreplacethemisnotclear.Thechallengeforthefutureistofindnewmeansofcontrollingwater.AlthoughGMtechnology转基因willallowustobreedbetterdry-landcropsthereisnomarketforcompaniestodevelopcropssuitableforthemicro-climatesoftheSahelandelsewhereinAfricA.WhoisgoingtopayforresearchonlocallyappropriatecropsintheThirdWorld?What’sthemainideaofthispassage?A.Theengineeringsolutionstowaterresourceandtheirlimitation.B.ThechallengeforthefuturE.C.Thebasicmeansofcontrollingwater.D.Thechallengefordevelopingcrops.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrueformeetingourbasicneedsforwater?A.Waterresourceshouldbeusedmorereasonably.B.Moredamsshouldbebuiltinriverbasins.C.Morewetlandsshouldbeprotectedfromdestruction.D.Moredry-landcropscouldbedevelopedinAfricA.Theauthorsuggeststhatgovernmentswillhavenoexcusefortheircarelessignoranceinthefuturebecause.A.TheecologicaldestructionwillbeknowntothepublicbyresearchersB.TheecologicaldestructionwillnolongerbeaprobleminthefutureC.ThefutureisaninformationageD.GovernmentswillfacegreaterchallengeinthefutureTheauthormentionsalltheproblemscausedbydamsEXCEPT.A.fewerfishB.lessgrazinglandC.lessfloodplainagricultureD.lessfarminglandThelastsentenceprobablyimpliesthat.A.NoonewillinvestindevelopinglocallyappropriatecropsinAfricaB.Researchershavenointerestindevelopingdry-landcropsC.ResearchonlocallyappropriatecropsintheThirdWorldmaybeprofitableD.ThereislesswaterresourceintheThirdWorldk*s*5u
B15MillionAmericansSufferfromSocialAnxietySocialanxietydisorderpreventssomel5millionAmericansfromleadingnormalsocialandromanticfivesanewsurveyfinds.Thedisorderleavesmanyisolated孤立andashameD.36percentofthosewithsocialanxietydisorderhavesufferedforl0year'sormorebeforeseekinghelptheAnxietyDisordersAssociationofAmericareports.SocialanxietydisorderiswhensomebodyhasastrongandlongfearofsocialorperformancesituationsJerilynRosstheAssociation’spresidentandCE0saiD.Theconditioncausespeopletoavoidcommoneverydaysituationsandevenotherpeopleforfearofbeingjudgedorcriticizedorembarrassing使尴尬themselves.SocialanxietydisorderCanaffectdailylifeandjobperformancE.Italsomakesitverydifficultforpeopletodevelopfriendsandromanticpartnerships.PeoplewiththisdisorderrecognizetheirfearisunreasonableRossnoteD.Buttheyfeelpowerlesstodoanythingaboutit.Thedisorderalsohasphysicalsymptoms症状includingheartpalpitations心悸feelingsthattheirthroatwillcloseupsweatingfaintnesstrembling.Amongpeoplewiththedisorder75percentsaidtheconditionaffectedtheirabilitytodonormalactivities.Inaddition69percentsaidtheydidn’twantpeopletothinktheywerecrazyand58percentsaidtheywereembarrassedbytheircondition.RosssaiD.Howeverwhentheconditionisdiagnosedandtreatedmanyreportedimprovementintheirfives.Infact59percentwhowerereceivingtreatmentsaidtreatmenthadapositiveeffectontheirabilitytohavearomanticrelationship.Inaddition39percentwhohadreceivedtreatmentsaidknowingthattreatmentcanbesuccessfulaidedtheirdecisiontogethelp.RossnoteD.45.PeoplewithsocialanxietydisorderareafraidofA.beingleftaloneB.leadingnormallivesC.EmbarrassingotherpeopleD.Facingsocialsituations46.Thepercentageofsuffererswhoworrythatothersmayconsiderthemmadis_______A.36％B.69％C.75％D.59％47.Itcanbelearnedfromthelastparagraphthat___________A.treatmentofthedisorderhasnopositiveeffectatallB.sufferers’conditionisoftenhardtobediagnosedC.treatmentofthedisorderhelpsmanysufferersrecoverD.anxietydisordersufferersoftenrefusemedicaltreatment48.Theauthorwritesthispassageto__________A.tellpeoplenottobeanxiousabouttheirsocialperformanceB.advisesocialanxietydisordersuffererstoreceivepropertreatmentC.highlypraiseJerilynRoss’achievementinthesocialsurveyD.introducethefindingsofasocialsurveyaboutsocialanxietydisorder
Spaceisadangerousplacenotonlybecauseofmeteors流星butalsobecauseofraysfromthesunandotherstars.Theatmosphereagainactsasourprotectiveblanketonearth.Lightgetsthroughandthisisessentialforplantstomakethefoodwhichweeat.Heattoomakesourenvironmentendurable可忍受的.Variouskindsofrayscomethroughtheairfromouterspacebutenormousquantitiesofradiation辐射fromthesunarescreenedoff.AssoonasmenleavetheatmospheretheyareexposedtothisradiationbuttheirspacesuitsorthewallsoftheirspacecraftiftheyareinsidedopreventalotofradiationdamagE.RadiationisthegreatestknowndangertoexplorersinspacE.Theunitofradiationiscalledrem.Scientistshavereasontothinkthatamancanputupwithfarmoreradiationthan0.1remwithoutbeingdamaged;thefigureof60remshasbeenagreedon.Thetroubleisthatitisextremelydifficulttobesureaboutradiationdamage-apersonmayfeelperfectlywellbutthecellsofhisorhersexorgansmaybedamagedandthiswillnobediscovereduntilthebirthofabnormalchildrenorevengrandchildren.MissionsoftheApolloflightshavehadtocrossbeltsofhighamountofrems.SofarnodangerousamountsofradiationhavebeenreportedbuttheApollomissionshavebeenquiteshort.Wesimplydonotknowyethowmenaregoingtogetonwhentheyspendweeksandmonthsoutsidetheprotectionoftheatmosphereworkinginaspacelaboratory.Drugsmighthelptodecreasethedamagedonebyradiationbutnoreallyeffectiveoneshavebeenfoundsofar.1.Accordingtothefirstparagraphtheatmosphereisessentialtomaninthat____.A.itprotectshimagainsttheharmfulraysfromspaceB.itprovidessufficientlightforplantgrowthC.itsuppliestheheatnecessaryforhumansurvivalD.itscreensoffthefallingmeteors2.Weknowfromthepassagethat____.A.exposuretoeventinyamountsofradiationisdeadlyB.theeffectofexposuretoradiationisslowincomingC.radiationisavoidableinspaceexplorationD.astronautsinspacesuitsneedn'tworryaboutradiationdamage3.TheharmradiationhasdonetotheApollocrewmembers____A.issignificantB.seemsoverestimatedC.isenormousD.remainsunknown4.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat____.A.theApollomissionwasverysuccessfulB.protectionfromspaceradiationisnoeasyjobC.astronautswillhavedeformedchildrenorgrandchildrenD.radiationisnotathreattowell-protectedspaceexplorers45.Thebesttitleforthispassagewouldbe____.A.TheAtmosphereandOurEnvironmentB.ResearchonRadiationC.EffectsofSpaceRadiationD.ImportanceofProtectionAgainstRadiation
OnMay212000someAmericanscientistswereworkingatthecomputerstolookforinformationtheyneeded.Suddenlytheysawalotofverybrightredspotscrossingthecomputers’screens.Atthesametimethecomputerswereworkingmuchslower.Tofindoutwhatwashappeningtheystoppedtheirworktochecksomepartsofthecomputers.Totheirhorrortheyfoundoutthatmostoftheirstoredinformationwasgotridofbycomputerviruses病毒.Obviouslyallthesecomputershadbeeninfectedbycomputerviruses.ItissaidthatthecomputervirusesweremadebytwoorthreePhilippineyoungmenfondofplayingtricks.Theyallhadexcellenteducation.TheycreatedthevirusesjusttoshowtheirintelligencE.ThekindofcomputervirusisnamedILoveYouVirus.Thisviruscanhideincomputersforlong.Whenthetimecomestheywillattackthecomputersbyloweringtheimportantfunctionsdamagingtheirnormalprogramsorevengettingridofagreatdealofinformationwhichoperatorsofthecomputersoftenuseorstorewhat’sworseitstillcanreproduceitselfingreatquantitieswithinashorttimE.WecometoknowthatILoveYouVirusoftenattackscomputersonMondaysandthatitisspreadingtomanycomputersintheworlD.AmongthecountriesthatsufferedcomputerviruseslastyearareBritainAustraliaSwitzerlandandtheUSA.Thosewhomadethecomputermuseshavebeenfoundoutslowlyandcarefully.Buttillnowhowtogetridoftheterriblevirusesremainsaproblem.1.Whenthevirusesattackthecomputersthecomputerswillwork_______.A.normallyB.abnormallyC.fasterD.well2.TwoorthreePhilippineyoungmencreatedthecomputervirusesto_______.A.damagethecomputersB.testtheirabilityquicklyC.telltheworldthattheywereintelligentD.playatrickinoperatorsofthecomputers3.Accordingtothepassagecomputervirusesseemto________.A.havebeeninnatureforyearsB.existinanycomputersC.beabletobegotridofinthenearfutureD.bedifficulttogetridofatpresent4.Themostseriousdamagecausedbythevirusesisthat_______.A.thecomputer’sfuntionsareloweredB.thenormalprogramsaredamagedC.alltheinformationstoredinthecomputersisgoneD.thecomputersinfectedbythevirusescannolongerbeused5.Accordingtothepassagewhichofthefollowingistrue?A.Scientistsaretryingtofindawaytogetridoftheviruses.B.TheviruseswillcometothenewcomputerafterstayingintheoldoneforsometimE.C.Lastyearfourcountriesfoundtheircomputerswereinfectedbyviruses.D.TheILoveYouVirusisagreatharmtohumanhealth.
A.weathermapisanimportanttoolforgeographers.A.successionofthreeorfourmapspresentsacontinuouspictureofweatherchanges.Weatherforecastersareabletodeterminethespeedofairmassesandfronts.Theyarealsoabletodeterminewhetheranairmassisretainingitsoriginalcharacteristicsortakingonthoseofthesurfaceoverwhichitismoving.Thusamostsignificantfunctionofthemapistorevealansynopticpicture气象图ofconditionsintheatmosphereatagiventimE.Allstudentsofgeographyshouldtointerpretaweathermapaccurately.WeathermapscontainanenormousamountofinformationaboutweatherconditionsexistingatthetimeofobservationoveralargegeographicalareA.TheyrevealinafewminuteswhatotherwisewouldtakehourstodescribE.TheUnitedStatesWeatherBureauissuesinformationaboutapproachingstormsfloodsfrostsdroughtsandallclimateconditionsingeneral.Twiceamonthitissuesa30-dayoutlookwhichisaroughguidetoweatherconditionslikelytooccuroverbroadareasoftheUnitedStates.Theseoutlooksarebasedonananalysisoftheupperairlevels.Withtheuseofelectronicinstrumentsandsatellitesenormousgainshavetakenplacerecentlyinidentifyingandtrackingstormsoverregionswhichhavebutfewmeteorologicalstations气象站.Experimentsarealsoinprogressforweathermodificationstudiesalthoughfewsuccessfulresultssuchasartificialrainmakinghavebeenachievedsofar.Whichisnotmentionedinthispassageinthefollowingaboutonecharacteristicofweather?A.Fronts.B.TemperaturechangE.C.WindspeeD.D.Frost.Theobservationofweatherconditionsbysatellitesisadvantageousbecause_______.A.itismodernandsophisticatedB.itusedelectronicinstrumentsC.itenablesmantoaltertheweatherD.itgivesthescientistsinformationnotobtainedreadilyotherwiseThewordinterpretinParagraph2mostprobablymeans_______A.explainB.presentC.modifyD.illustrate
Astronomers天文学家saytheyareonthepointoffindingplanetslikeEarthorbitingotherstarswhichisakeystepindeterminingifwearealoneintheuniversE.A.topNASAofficialandotherleadingscientistssaythatwithinfourorfiveyearstheyshoulddiscoverthefirstEarth-likeplanetwherelifecoulddevelopormayhavealready.A.planetclosetothesizeofEarthcouldevenbefoundsometimethisyear.AttheannualAmericanAstronomicalSocietyconferencethisweekeachdiscoveryinvolvingso-calledexoplanets—thoseoutsideoursolarsystem—pointedtothesameconclusionQuietplanetslikeEarthwherelifecoulddevelopprobablyareplentiful.NASA’sDewKeplertelescopeandalotofnewresearchfromthesuddenlyhotandcompetitiveexoplanetfieldcausednoticeablebuzzatthemeeting.Scientistsaretalkingaboutbeingatanincrediblespecialplaceinhistoryandclosertoansweringthequestion.Arewealone?Forthefirsttimethere’sanoptimismthatsometimeinourlifetimeswe’regoingtogettothebottomofthatsaidSimonWordenanastronomerwhoheadsNASA’sAmesResearchCenter.IfIwereabettingmanwhichIamIwouldbetwe’renotalonE.ThesearebigquestionsthatreflectuponthemeaningofthehumanraceintheuniversethedirectoroftheVaticanObservatorytheRev.JoseFunessaidWednesdayinaninterviewatthisweek’sconferencE.WordentoldTheAssociatedPress:Iwouldcertainlyexpectinthenextfourorfiveyearswe’dhaveanEarth-sizedplanetinthehabitable可居住的zonE.Whatisveryimportantindeterminingifwearealoneintheuniverse?A.FindinganEarth-likeplanet.B.Orbitingotherstars.C.Developingnewtelescopes.D.Findingmoreexoplanets.What’sanexoplanet?A.It’saplanetlikeEarth.B.It’saplanetoutsideoursolarsystem.C.It’saplanetorbitingthesun.D.It’saplanetwherelifehavedevelopeD.Theunderlinedphrasegettothebottomofprobablymeans__________.A.understandfullyB.makefulluseofC.searchforD.domoreresearchonFromthepassagewecanlearnthat__________.A.anEarth-likeplanethasbeenfoundB.it’sbeenprovedwearenotaloneintheuniverseC.JoseFuneshasfoundthemeaningofthehumanraceintheuniverseD.thediscoveryofanEarth-likeplanetcouldhappeninthenearfuture
AnAustraliancompanySmartCarTechnologieshasdevelopedasystemthatletsdriversknowwhenthey'respeeding.Whenthetechnologybecomescommerciallyavailableitcouldhelplead-footeddriversavoidticketsandalsosavelives.ThecompanythatdevelopedtheproducthopestoconvinceAustraliangovernmentagenciestoputthetechnologyintouseintheirautomobilefleets.TheproductcalledSpeedAlertlinksreal-timelocationdataandspeedobtainedwiththehelpofGPStoadatabaseofpostedspeedlimitsstoredinadriver'sPDAorprogrammablemobilephonE.Thesetupoftheproductdoesnotneedtobehookeduptoacar'sspeedometer.InfactitisentirelyportablE.ItwillalsoworkwithnewerphonesandPDAsthathavebuilt-inGPSreceivers.Ifadriverexceedsthespeedlimitthespeedisshownandanalertsounds.MichaelPaineanAustralianvehicledesignengineerandtrafficsafetyconsultantwashiredtoanalyzetheproduct.HetoldLiveSciencethathiscolleaguesintheroadsafetyfieldareveryenthusiasticaboutwhatthey'renowcallingintelligentspeedalert.OtherresearchaccordingtoPaineshowsthat40percentofalltrafficdeathsinvolvespeeding.Thereisalsoapotentiallycontroversialfutureuse:SincethesystemissoportableitwouldbeeasytomakeitarequirementforteenagedriverstoalwaysuseaspeedalertdevicewhendrivingPainesaiD.Thesystemevenhasthecapabilitytorecordspeedingviolationssoparentscanmonitortheirteenagedrivers.TheproductwillsoongoonsaleinSydney.63.What'sthepurposeofthenewproduct?A.Tointroducesomeimprovementincars.B.Toinformusofthenewcarsystem.C.Topopularizethebuilt-incarsystem.D.Tolimitcertaindriverstosafedriving.64.Lead-footedinthefirstparagraphprobablyrefertotheones________.A.whodrivetoocarelesslyB.thatdrivetooslowlyC.whoarepartlydisabledD.thatdriveextremelyfast65.Thesecondparagraphmainlytalksabout________.A.howtheproductisprogrammedB.whythesystembecomespopularC.thefunctionsofGPSincarsD.theprojectofthebuilt-inproduct66.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.FutureSpeedAlertB.NewIn–CarDeviceAgainstSpeedingC.WarningforAdventurousDriversD.ProgressinCar–makingScience
In1901H.G.WellsanEnglishwriterwroteabookdescribingatriptothemoon.Whentheexplorers探险者landedonthemoontheydiscoveredthatthemoonwasfullofundergroundcities.Theyexpressedtheirsurprisetothemoonpeopletheymet.InturnthemoonpeopleexpressedtheirsurprisE.Why?theyaskedareyoutravelingtoouterspacewhenyoudon’tevenuseyourinnerspace?H.G.Wellscouldonlyimaginetraveltothemoon.In1969humanbeingsreallydidlandonthemoon.Peopletodayknowthattherearenoundergroundcitiesonthemoon.HoweverthequestionthatthemoonpeopleaskedisstillaninterestingonE.A.growingnumberofscientistsareseriouslythinkingaboutit.UndergroundsystemsarealreadyinplacE.Manycitieshaveundergroundcarparks.InsomecitiessuchasTokyoSeoulandMontrealtherearelargeundergroundshoppingareas.TheChunnelatunnel隧道connectingEnglandandFranceisnowcompletE.Butwhataboutundergroundcities?Japan’sTaiseiCorporationisdesigninganetworkofundergroundsystemscalledAliceCities.Thedesignersimagineusingsurfacespaceforpublicparksandusingundergroundspaceforflatsofficesshoppingandsoon.A.solardome太阳能穹顶wouldcoverthewholecity.Supportersofundergrounddevelopmentsaythatbuildingdownratherthanbuildingupisagoodwaytousetheearth’sspacE.Thesurfacetheysaycanbeusedforfarmsparksgardensandwilderness.H.G.WellsmoonpeoplewouldagreE.Wouldyou?5.TheexplorersinH.G.Wells’storyweresurprisedtofindthatthemoonpeople.A.knewsomuchabouttheearthB.understoodtheirlanguageC.livedinsomanyundergroundcitiesD.wereaheadoftheminspacetechnology6.Whatdoestheunderlinedworditparagraph2referto?A.Discoveringthemoon’sinnerspacE.B.Usingtheearth’sinnerspacE.C.Meetingthemoonpeopleagain.D.TravelingtoouterspacE.7.Whatsortofundergroundsystemsarealreadyherewithus?A.Officesshoppingareaspowerstations.B.Tunnelscarparksshoppingareas.C.Gardenscarparkspowerstations.D.Tunnelsgardensoffices.8.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A.AliceCities—citiesofthefutureB.SpacetravelwithH.G.WellsC.EnjoylivingundergroundD.Buildingdownnotup
DOnAngerDoctorssayangercanbeanextremelyharmfulemotionunlessyoulearnhowtodealwithit.Theywarnthatangryfeelingscanleadtoheartdiseasestomachproblemheadachesemotionalproblemsandpossiblycancer.AngerisanormalemotionthatweallfeelfromtimetotimE.Somepeopleexpressangeropenlyinacalmreasonableway.Othersburstwithangerlosingcontrolofthemselves.Butotherpeoplerepresstheiranger.Theycannotorwillnotexpressit.Foryearsmanydoctorsthoughtthatrepressingangerwasmoredangeroustoaperson’shealththanexpressingit.Theysaidthatwhenapersonisangrythebrainreleasesthesamehormones激素thatareproducedduringtensesituations.Theyspeedtheheartrateraisebloodpressureorsugarintothebloodandnarrowthebloodvesselstotheinterstices空隙.Ingeneralthepersonfeelsexcitedandreadytoact.DoctorssaidthatrepressingthesefeelingsonlymakesthefeelingscontinuE.Andthiscanleadtomanymedicalproblems.Doctorsthoughtapersoncouldpreventtheseproblemsbylettingtheangeroutbyexpressingitfreely.Butrecentlysomedoctorsheldadifferentview.Theysaidthatpeoplewhoexpressangerrepeatedlyandviolentlydidbecomeinfactmoreandnotlessangry.Theysaidthistoocancausemedicalproblems.Somedoctorssaythatbothrepressingandexpressingangercanbedangerous.TheybelievethatthosewhoexpressangerstronglymaybemorelikelytodevelopheartdiseaseandtheybelievethatthosewhokeeptheirangerinsidemayfaceagreaterdangerofhighbloodpressurE.Doctorssaythesolutionislearninghowtodealwithanger.Theysaythefirststepistoadmitthatyouareangryandtorecognizetherealcauseoftheangerthendecideifthecauseisseriousenoughtogetangryabout.IfitistheysayDonotexpressyourangerwhileangry.Waituntilyourangerhascooleddownandyouareabletoexpressyourselfcalmlyandreasonably.69.RepressingangerwasconsideredtobedangerousbecauseofallthefollowingEXCEPTthat__________.A.theheartrateincreasesB.thebloodpressurerisesC.thebloodcontainssugarD.somebloodvesselsbecomethinner70.Whichofthefollowingisthemorerecentviewabouttheexpressionofanger?A.Itisdangeroustoexpressangerrepeatedlyorrepressone’sanger.B.Onecanavoidhismedicalproblemsbyexpressinghisangerfreely.C.One’sheartratewillincreaseifhisangerisrepresseD.D.Oneislikelytosufferfromhighbloodpressureinafitofgreatanger.71.Whenyougetangrywhichofthefollowingshouldyoudoforthesakeofhealth?A.Repressingtheanger.B.Expressingtheanger.C.Treatingtheangerproperly.D.Learninghowtomakeadeal.72.Whatisthecentraltopicofthispassageabout?A.Thedifferentwaysofdealingwithanger.B.ThedangersofangerandthesolutionC.Newmedicaldiscoveries.D.Theargumentbetweenthenewandoldviewsaboutanger.
TheMigrationofBirdsHereisascientificexperimentonthehomingofbirdsthefactofwhicharequitecertain.A.fewyearsagosevenswallowswerecaughtneartheirnestsatBremeninGermany.Theyweremarkedwithareddyeonsomeoftheirwhitefeatherssothattheycouldeasilybeenseen.ThentheyweretakenbyplanetoCroydonnearLondon.Thisisadistanceof400miles.ThenthesevenswallowsweresetfreeatCroydon.FiveofthemflewbacktotheirnestsatBremen.Howdidthebirdsfindtheirwayonthatlongjourneywhichtheyhadnevermadebefore?ThatisthegreatpuzzlE.Itisnogoodsayingthattheswallowshaveasenseofdirection.Thesearejustwordsandexplainnothing.Wewanttoknowexactlywhatsensestheanimalsusetofindtheirwayhowtheyknowinwhichdirectiontogountiltheycanseefamiliarlandmarks.Unfortunatelypracticallynoscientificexperimentshaveyetbeenmadeonthisquestion.Perhapsmigratingbirdsarethegreatestmysteryofall.SwallowsleaveEnglandinAugustandSeptemberandtheyflytoAfricawheretheystayduringourwinter.TheswallowsreturntoEnglandinthelatesummerforthesouth.A.lothasbeenfoundaboutthejourneysofmigratingbirdsbymarkingthebirdswithaluminumringsputononeleg.Anaddressandanumberisputonthering.SwallowsfromEnglandgoasfarasSouthAfricaandasmanyasfourteenbirdsmarkedwithringsinEnglandhavebeencaughtagaininSouthAfricA.FromEnglandtoSouthAfricaisajourneyof6000miles.AndthebirdsnotonlyreturnfromAfricatoEnglandnextspringbutoftentheycomebacktothenestsintheverysamehousewheretheynestedtheyearbeforE.17.Thesevenswallowsweremarkedonsomeoftheirfeathersbecause.A.theywouldbetakenawaybyplaneB.theywouldbefreeinLondonC.Croydonwas400milesawayD.theycouldeasilybeseenfortheredcolour18.Whichofthefollowingistrue?.A.Seientistshavefoundwhytheanimalscanseetheirnests.B.Nooneknowswhytheswallowscanflybacktotheirfamiliarlandmarks.C.It’sverysimplethatthebirdsusesenseofdirection.D.Manyexperimentshavebeenmadeonhowbirdscanflytheirwayhome19.Swallowsliketospendourwinterin.A.EnglandB.LondonC.AfricaD.Germany20.WhendothebirdsreturnfromSouthAfricatoEnglandeveryyear?A.summerB.springC.winterD.BothA.andB
Climatechangepollutionoveruseofwateranddevelopmentarekillingsomeoftheworld’smostfamousriversincludingChina’sYangtzE.India’sGangesandAfrica’sNilE.WWFsaidonTuesday.AtthegloballaunchofitsreportWorld’sTop10RiversatRiskthegroupsaidmanyriverscoulddryout.affectinghundredsofmillionsofpeopleandkillinguniqueaquatic水生的lifE.Iftheseriversdiemillionswilllosetheirlivelihoodsbiodiversity生物多样性willbedestroyedonamassivescaletherewillbelessfreshwaterandagricultureresultinginlessfoodsecuritysaiD.RayiSinghsecretary—generalofWWF—IndiA.ThereportlaunchedaheadofWorldWaterDaytodayalsocitedtheRioGrandein.theUnitedStatestheMekongandIndusinAsiaEurope’sDanubeLaPlatainSouthAmericaandAustralia’sMurray—Darlingasinneedofgreaterprotection.Riversaretheworld’smainsourceoffreshwaterandWWFsaysabouthalfoftheavailablesupplyisalreadybeingusedup.Damshavedestroyedhabitatsandcutriversofffromtheirfloodplains.whileclimatechangecouldaffecttheseasonalwaterflowsthatfeedthemthereportsaiD.FishpopulationsthetopsourceofproteinandoveralllifesupportforhundredsofthousandsofcommunitiesworldwidearealsobeingthreateneditfounD.TheYangtzebasinisoneofthemostpollutedriversintheworldbecauseofdecadesofheavyindustrializationdammingandhugeinfluxes流入ofseaiment积淀fromlandconversion.ClimatechangeincludinghighertemperaturesalsomeansseriousconsequencesforfisheryproductivitywatersupplyandpoliticalsecurityinAfrica’saridNilebasin.Tributaries支流flowingintotheGangesaredryingupbecauseofirrigationWWFsaiD.Whatdoesthetextmainlyabout?A.SavingfreshwaterinourlifE.B.Howtoprotectourrivers.C.Animportantdiscovery.D.World’stop10riversareatrisk.Wecaninferfromthetextthat_____.A.rivers’dyingoutcouldaffectfoodsecurityB.therearefourAsianriversmentionedinthepassageC.theYangtzeispollutedthankstothelackofenoughtributariesD.highertemperaturescouldn’taffectfisheryproductivityWWFisprobablyanameof_____.A.anorganizationB.anewspaperC.amagazineD.areport
Sheepliketurkeysandostrichesarenotconsideredthecleverestanimals.BritishscientistssaidlastWednesdayhumanmayhaveunderestimated低估thewoollycreatures.Theycouldbemuchsmarterthanwethink.ResearchersattheBabrahamInstituteinCambridgesouthern.Englandhaveshownthatanimalshaveagoodmemorysystemandareextremelygoodatrecognizingfaces--whichtheythinkisasuresignofintelligencE.BehavioralscientistKeithKendrickandhisfriendstrained20sheeptorecognizeanddistinguish区别25pairsofsheepfacesandusedelectrodes电极tomeasuretheirbrainactivitywhichshowedtheycouldremember50facesforuptotwoyears.IftheycandothatwithfacesthefactisthattheyhavetohavereasonableintelligenceotherwisewhatisthepointofhavingasystemforrememberinganythingelseKendricksaidinaninterview.Sohoursofseeminglymindlesseatinggrassmaynotbesomindlessafterall.Kendrickbelievessheepgottheirreputationasdumbanimalsbecausetheyliveinlargegroupsanddonotappeartohavemuchindividualityandarefrightenedofjustabouteverything.Allanimalsincludinghumansoncetheyarefrighteneddon'ttendtoshowsignsofintelligentactionheexplaineD.InresearchreportedinthesciencejournalNatureKendrickandhisteamshowedthatsheeplikehumanshaveaspecializedsysteminthebrainwhichallowsthemtodistinguishbetweenmanydifferentfacesthatlookextremelysimilar.ThemostimportantfindingsofthestudyisthattheyareablebothfromabehavioralpointofviewandfromlookingatthewaythebrainisorganizedtorememberalargenumberoffacesofindividualsforaverylongtimesaidKendrick.Itisaverystrangesystem.Theyareshowingsimilarabilitiesinmanywaystohumans.Fromthefirstparagraphwecanfindthat______.A.peopleusedtothinksheeparesmarterthantheotheranimalsB.peopleusedtoraisesheepinawrongwayC.peopledon'tconsidersheepascleveranimalsD.peoplehavedonealotofresearchonsheepFromwhatKendricksaidintheinterviewwelearnthat________.A.scientistshavelearnedalotaboutsheep'sintelligenceB.scientistshavelearnedlittleaboutsheep'sintelligenceC.scientistscan'tdoanythingmoreaboutsheep'smemoryD.scientistsdon'thavetoresearchanimals'memoryAsisshowninthepassage_________.A.sheepareamongtheweakanimalsB.itisnotrightforpeopletoraisesheepingroupsC.whensheepeatgrassinthefieldstheirmindsmaybeactiveD.ifpeoplefeelfrightenedtheymaybecomemorebraveWhenscientistsfoundthatsheepshowsimilarabilitiesinmanywaystohumanstheymaythinkit_____.A.worryingB.movingC.frighteningD.interesting
Mostrainforestslieclosetotheequator赤道wheretheclimateisoftenmildandtherearelonghoursofsunshinE.Thewarmthofthelandheatstheairabovecausingittoriseandtinydropsofwatertofallasrain.Therainfallcanreachatleast98inchesayear.ThiswetwarmworldwithplentyofsunlightisperfectforplantstogrowsothetreesgrowfastwithgreenleavesalltheyearrounD.ThetreesthemselvesalsohaveaneffectontheclimatE.Theygatherwaterfromthesoilandpassitoutintotheairthroughtheirleaves.ThewetairthenformscloudswhichhangoverthetreetopslikesmokE.Thesecloudsprotecttheforestfromthedaytimeheatandnight-timecoldofnearbydesertskeepingtemperaturesfitforplantgrowth.Rainforestsslightlyfartherawayfromtheequatorremainjustaswarmbuttheyhaveadryseasonofthreemonthsormorewhenlittlerainfalls.Treeleavesfallduringthisdryseasonandnewleavesgrowwhenthewetseasonormonsoon雨季begins.Thustheseareasareknownasthemonsoonforest.Anothertypeofrainforestgrowsontropicalmountains.Itisoftencalledthecloudforestbecausecloudsoftenhangoverthetreeslikefog.Therainforestistheidealplaceforthegrowthofmanydifferenttrees.Mostofthemdependonanimalstoeattheirfruitsandspreadtheirseeds.Whenthefruitsareeatentheseedsinsidethemgoundamagedthroughanimals’stomachsandarepassedoutintheirdroppings.Theseedslyingontheforestfloorthengrowintonewtrees.Theclimateoftherainforestsneartheequatoris_______.A.mildwetandwindyB.hotrainyandfoggyC.hotwetandcloudyD.warmwetandsunnyWecanlearnfromthepassagethat_______.A.treeleavesaregreenallthetimeinthemonsoonforestB.thereisadryseasoninthecloudforestontropicalmountainsC.cloudshelptheplantsintherainforestnearthedesertstogrowD.theformationofclimateintherainforesthaslittletodowiththetreesAccordingtothepassage_______playthemostimportantroleinthespreadingofseeds.A.animalsB.droppingsC.fruitsD.windsThispassageismostlikelytobefoundin_______.A.atravelguideB.astorybookC.atechnicalreportD.ageographybook
Forthousandsofyearsmanhasenjoyedthetasteofapples.Appleswhichareabout85percentwatergrowalmosteverywhereintheworldbutthehottestandcoldestareas地区.AmongtheleadingcountriesinappleproductionareChinaFranceandtheUnitedStates.TherearevariouskindsofapplesbutaveryfewmakeupthemajorityofthosegrownforsalE.ThethreemostcommonkindsgrownintheUnitedStatesareDeliciousgoldenDeliciousandMcIntosh.ApplesaredifferentincoloursizeandtastE.Thecolouroftheskinmayberedgreenoryellow.TheyhavevarioussizeswithDeliciousapplesbeingamongthelargest.Thetastemaybesweetortart酸的.Generallysweetapplesareeatenfreshwhiletartapplesareusedtomakeapplesauce苹果酱.Appletreesmaygrowastallastwelvemetres.Theydobestinareasthathaveverycoldwinters.AlthoughnofruitisyieldedduringthewinterthiscoldperiodisgoodforthetreE.ItcanbelearnedfromthetextthatDeliciousapplesare_______________A.growninFrancE.B.soldeverywherE.C.verybig.D.quitesweet.Coldwinterweatherisgoodfor_______________A.thegrowthofappletrees.B.producinglargeapples.C.improvingthetasteofapples.D.theincreaseofwaterinapples.ChinaFranceandtheUnitedStatesareconsideredto_______________A.belargeproducersofapples.B.belargeproducersofapplesaucE.C.havethelongesthistoryinappleproduction.D.havethecoldestwinteramongappleproducingcountries.Thewordyieldedinthelastsentencemeans_______________A.improveD.B.increaseD.C.produceD.D.solD.
Disposing处理ofwastehasbeenaproblemsincehumansstartedproducingit.Asmoreandmorepeoplechoosetoliveclosetogetherincitiesthewaste-disposalproblembecomesincreasinglydifficult.DuringtheeighteenthcenturyitwasusualforseveralneighboringtownstogettogethertoselectafarawayspotasadumpsitE.Residentsortrashhaulers垃圾托运者wouldtransporthouseholdrubbishrottedwoodandoldpossessionstothesitE.Periodically定期的someofthetrashwasburnedandtherestwasburieD.Theunpleasantsightsandsmellscausednoproblembecausenobodylivedcloseby.Factoriesmillsandotherindustrialsitesalsohadwastetobedisposedof.Thoselocatedonriversoftenjustdumpedtheunwantedremainsintothewater.Othersbuilthugeburnerswithchimneystodealwiththeproblem.Severalfactsmakethesechoicesunacceptabletomodernsociety.ThefirstproblemisspacE.Dumpswhicharenowcalledlandfillsaremostneededinheavilypopulatedareas.SuchareasrarelyhaveemptylandsuitableforthispurposE.Propertyiseithertooexpensiveortooclosetoresidential住宅区的neighborhoods.Long-distancetrashhaulinghasbeenacommonpracticebutoncefarmareasarerefusingtoacceptrubbishfromelsewherecheaplandwithintruckingdistanceofmajorcityareasisalmostnonexistent.Awarenessofpollutiondangershasresultedinmorestrictrulesofwastedisposal.PollutionofriversgroundwaterlandandairisapricepeoplecannolongerpaytogetridofwastE.Theamountofwastehowevercontinuestogrow.Recyclingeffortshavebecomecommonplaceandmanytownsrequiretheirpeopletotakepart.Eventhemostefficientrecyclingprogramshowevercanhopetodealwithonlyabout50percentofacity'sreusablewastE.Themostsuitabletitleforthispassagewouldbe______.A.PlacesforDisposingWasteB.WastePollutionDangersC.WaysofGettingRidofWasteD.WasteDisposalProblemDuringthe18thcenturypeopledisposedtheirwasteinmanywaysEXCEPTfor______.A.buryingitB.recyclingitC.burningitD.throwingitintoriversWhatcanbeinferredfromthefourthparagraph?A.Farmareasacceptwastefromthecityinmodernsociety.B.Thereischeaplandtoburywasteinmodemsociety.C.Itisdifficulttofindspacetoburywasteinmodemsociety.D.WaystodealwithwasteinmodemsocietystaythesamE.Themainpurposeofwritingthisarticleisto________.A.drawpeople'sattentiontowastemanagementB.warnpeopleofthepollutiondangerswearefacingC.callonpeopletotakepartinrecyclingprogramsD.tellpeopleabetterwaytogetridofthewaste
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