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Competition The question of whether war is inevitable is one ...
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{{*HTML*}}{{B}}第三篇{{/B}} {{B}}??????? ??????Computers{{/B}}??The initialimpactofcomputerswasintheareaofentertainment.Ifyouwalkedbya videoarcadeintheearly1980syoucouldnothavefailedtonoticethatthe useofvideogameswasgrowingatwhatsomeconsideredanalarmingrate.In1981 themovieindustrygrossed$3billionvideogamestookinanestimated$6 billion.Thatgivesyousomeideaofjusthowbigthecomputerindustryhad become.Videogamesemploythesametechnologyaspersonalcomputersandindeed manywhoboughtpersonalcomputersdidsoprimarilyforplayinggamesathome thussavingtheirquarters.Thoughvideogamesarenotaspopularastheywerea fewyearsagotheydidprovideconsumerwiththeirfirstrealreasontobuy PCs.???Amorerecentcomputerinnovationdesktop publishingsuppliesonegoodreasonforthosewhowriteforalivingtobuya PC.Desktoppublishingisadeceptivelysimpledescriptionforanextremely complexgroupofhardwareandsoftwaretools.Youcannowwritetextedittext drawillustrationsincorporatephotographsdesignpagelayoutsandprinta finisheddocumentwitharelativelyinexpensivecomputerandlaserprinter. Althoughthenewtechnologyoffersnewfreedomthereisapricetobepaidfor thisfreedom.Withtotalcontrolcomestotalresponsibility.Infacttheissue ofsocialresponsibilityinournewcomputeragehaslongbeenatopicofdebate amongcomputerenthusiasts.Somepeopleareconcernedwiththelong-termsocial effectsoftheso-calledcomputerrevolution.IronicallymanyPCpioneerswho builtandmarketedthefirstmachineswere60s-styleadvocatesofsocialchange. Theyclaimthatwhilepersonalcomputertechnologyhasthepotentialtomake societymoreequalit’shavingtheoppositeeffectsinceupper-middle-class peoplecanaffordthemandlower-classpeoplecannot.??In additionthewaysthatcomputersareusedtomonitortheactivitiesoftheir usershaveevokedanxietyaboutthemachine.Over7millionAmericansnowhave theirworkpacedcontrolledandmonitoredbycomputers.Acomputerismore restrictiveandpowerfulinthewayitcontrolspeoplethantheold-fashioned assemblyline.Thiscanleadtowhatsomehavecalledtech-stress.Irritated eyesbackproblemsandotherphysicalsymptomshavealsobeenassociatedwith theextensiveuseofcomputers.Althoughthepersonalcomputermaynothavehad theimpactsomepredictedadecadeagethecombinationofcomputertechnology withsatellitesandcabledoespromiseinnovationsinthemassmediathatwould haveseemedastonishingjustafewshortyears ago.Inthelongrunthesocialeffectofcomputersisthat______
{{*HTML*}}阅读下面这篇短文短文后有2项测试任务1第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第1～4段每段选择1个正确的小标题2第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确选项分别完成每个句子 {{B}}?????????? ????EarthAngels{{/B}}??1．JoyingBresciawas 8yearsoldwhenshenoticedthatcigarettebutts烟头werelitteringher hometownbeachinIsleofPalmsSouthCarolina.Whenshelearnedthatittakes fiveyearsfortheremainsofacigarettetodisintegrateshedecidedtotake action.JoyinglaunchedaNoButtsontheBeachcampaign.Sheraisedmoneyand awarenessabouttheneedtokeepthebeachesclean.Withthehelpofothers Joyingalsoboughtorreceiveddonationsofgallon-sizeplasticice-cream buckets.Thebucketswerefilledwithsandandplacedatallpublic-access areasofthebeach.Thebucketsallowedpeopletodisposeoftheircigarettes beforehit-tingthebeach.TwoyearslaterJoyingsaysthebucketsarefull andthebeachinnearlyfreeofcigarettedebris残片.??2．People wholiveinorvisitSteamboatSpringsColoradohaveCarterDunhamtothank foranewstatewildliferefugethatpreserves20acresofmarshlandandmany speciesofwildlife.Carterandotherstudentswroteamanagementplanforthe areaaroundtheYampaRiver.TheplanwaspartofaclassprojectwhenCarter wasafreshmanatSteamboatSpringsHighSchool.WorkingwiththeColorado DivisionofWildlifeCarterandhisclassmatesmappedtheareaandspeciesof animalslivingthere.Theyalsomadedecisionsaboutamongotherthingswhere fencesandparkingareasshouldbebuilt.??3．BarbaraBrownand herfriendscollectoil.Itstartedasaprojectfortheir4HClubafteroneof thegirlsnoticedherfatherusingmotoroiltokillweedsontheirfarmin VictoriaTexas.Theydidsomeresearchanddiscoveredthatoilcancontaminate groundwater—arealdangerinruralareaswherepeopleliveoffthewateron theirland.Thegirlsresearchedwaystorecycleoilandworkedwithalocal oil-recyclingcompanyontheissue.NowtheDon’tBeCrudeprogramruns oil-collectionsites—tanksthatholdupto460gallons—wherepeopleinthe communitycandisposeoftheiroil.??4．Fiveyearsago 11-year-oldRyanHreljacwasalittleboywithabigdream:forallthepeople inAfricatohavecleandrinkingwater.Hisdreambeganinthefirstgradewhen helearnedthatpeopleweredyingbecausetheydidn’thavecleanwaterandthat aslittleas$70couldbuildawell.Wereallytakewaterforgrantedsays RyanofKemptvilleOntarioinCanada.Inothercountriesyouhavetoplan forit.Ryanearnedthefirst$70bydoingextrachores零工butwiththehelp ofothershehassinceraisedhundredsofthousandsofdollars.Hiseffortsled tothestartoftheRyan’sWellFoundationwhichraisesmoneyforcleanwater andhealth-relatedservicesforpeopleinAfricancountriesanddeveloping countries.RyanwiththehelpofothersisfulfillinghisdreamofhelpAfricanpeopleto______
{{*HTML*}}阅读下面这篇短文短文后列出7个句子请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断 {{B}}??????? ????????MotherNatureShowsHer Strength{{/B}}??Tornadoes龙卷风andheavythunderstormsmoved acrosstheGreatLakesandintoTrumbullCountyonSaturdayevening.Thestorms weredramaticanddangerous.??GeorgeSnyderwasdrivingthefire truckdownRoute88whenhefirstnoticedthatafunnel漏斗状的cloudwasbehind him.Istoppedthetruckandwatchedthefunnelcloud.Itwasabout100feet offthegroundandIsawitgoupanddownforawhile.Itwasmovingtoward BradleyRoadandthensuddenlyitdisappearedSnydersaid.? ?Snyderonlysawoneofthefunnelcloudsthatpassedthroughnortheastern OhioonSaturday.InTrumbullCountyatornadoturnedtreesontotheirsides. Sometreesfellontohousesandcars.Othertreesfellintotelephoneand electricalwiresastheywentdown.??AmandaSymcheckwashavinga partywhenthestormbegan.Iknewsomethingwaswrongshesaid.Isawthe skygogreenandpink粉红色.Thenitsoundedlikeatrainrushingtowardthe house.Istartedcryingandtoldeveryonetogotothebasementforprotection. ??Thetornadocausedalotofdamagetocarsandhousesinthe area.Itwilltakealongtimeandmuchmoneytorepaireverything.Therewas alsoseriouswaterdamagefromthethunderstorms.Theheavyrainsandhighwind causedthepowertogooutinmanyhomes.??Thestormscaused seriousfloodinginareasneartheriver.Morethanfourinchesofrainfellin partsofTrumbullCounty.Theriverwassohighthatthewaterranintostreets andhouses.Manystreetshadtobeclosedtocarsandtrucksbecauseofthehigh water.Thismadeitdifficultforfiretruckspolicecarsandotherrescue vehiclestohelppeoplewhowereintrouble.??Manypeoplewho liveneartheriverhadtoleavetheirhomesfortheirownsafety.Somepeople reportedfivefeetofwaterintheirhomes.Localandstateofficialsopened emergencysheltersforthepeoplewhowereevacuated撤走.TheRedCrossserved mealstothem.??ThiswasareallyintensestormsaidSnyder Peoplewereafraid.MotherNaturecanbefierce.Wewereluckythistime.No onewaskilled.AmandaSymcheckwashavingapartyinthebasementwhenthestormbegan.
ChoreographerTwylaTharpusesfamiliardancemovementsinoriginalwaystocreateworksfilledwithclevergesturesand{{U}}abrupt{{/U}}changesinmotionandmood.
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{{*HTML*}}阅读下面这篇短文短文后列出7个句子请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断 {{B}}??????? ????????MotherNatureShowsHer Strength{{/B}}??Tornadoes龙卷风andheavythunderstormsmoved acrosstheGreatLakesandintoTrumbullCountyonSaturdayevening.Thestorms weredramaticanddangerous.??GeorgeSnyderwasdrivingthefire truckdownRoute88whenhefirstnoticedthatafunnel漏斗状的cloudwasbehind him.Istoppedthetruckandwatchedthefunnelcloud.Itwasabout100feet offthegroundandIsawitgoupanddownforawhile.Itwasmovingtoward BradleyRoadandthensuddenlyitdisappearedSnydersaid.? ?Snyderonlysawoneofthefunnelcloudsthatpassedthroughnortheastern OhioonSaturday.InTrumbullCountyatornadoturnedtreesontotheirsides. Sometreesfellontohousesandcars.Othertreesfellintotelephoneand electricalwiresastheywentdown.??AmandaSymcheckwashavinga partywhenthestormbegan.Iknewsomethingwaswrongshesaid.Isawthe skygogreenandpink粉红色.Thenitsoundedlikeatrainrushingtowardthe house.Istartedcryingandtoldeveryonetogotothebasementforprotection. ??Thetornadocausedalotofdamagetocarsandhousesinthe area.Itwilltakealongtimeandmuchmoneytorepaireverything.Therewas alsoseriouswaterdamagefromthethunderstorms.Theheavyrainsandhighwind causedthepowertogooutinmanyhomes.??Thestormscaused seriousfloodinginareasneartheriver.Morethanfourinchesofrainfellin partsofTrumbullCounty.Theriverwassohighthatthewaterranintostreets andhouses.Manystreetshadtobeclosedtocarsandtrucksbecauseofthehigh water.Thismadeitdifficultforfiretruckspolicecarsandotherrescue vehiclestohelppeoplewhowereintrouble.??Manypeoplewho liveneartheriverhadtoleavetheirhomesfortheirownsafety.Somepeople reportedfivefeetofwaterintheirhomes.Localandstateofficialsopened emergencysheltersforthepeoplewhowereevacuated撤走.TheRedCrossserved mealstothem.??ThiswasareallyintensestormsaidSnyder Peoplewereafraid.MotherNaturecanbefierce.Wewereluckythistime.No onewaskilled.Severalpeopleweremissingduringthestorm.
{{*HTML*}}下面有3篇短文每篇短文后有5道题每题后面有4个选项请仔细阅读短文并根据短文回答其后面的问题{{B}}第一篇{{/B}} {{B}}??????? ???????WarandConflict{{/B}}? ?Thequestionofwhetherwarisinevitableisonewhichhasconcernedmany oftheworld’sgreatwriters.Beforeconsideringthisquestionitwillbe usefultointroducesomerelatedconcepts.Conflictdefinedasoppositionamong socialentitiesdirectedagainstoneanotherisdistinguishedfromcompetition definedasoppositionamongsocialentitiesindependentlystrivingforsomething whichisininadequatesupply.Competitorsmaynotbeawareofoneanother whilethepartiestoaconflictare.Conflictandcompetitionareboth categoriesofoppositionwhichhasbeendefinedasaprocessbywhichsocial entitiesfunctionisthedisserviceofoneanother.??Opposition isthuscontrastedwithcooperationtheprocessbywhichsocialentities functionintheserviceofoneanother.Thesedefinitionsarenecessarybecause itisimportanttoemphasizethatcompetitionbetweenindividualsorgroupsin inevitableinaworldoflimitedresourcesbutconflictisnot.Conflict neverthelessisverylikelytooccurandisprobablyanessentialand desirableelementofhumansocieties.??Manyauthorshaveargued fortheinevitabilityofwarfromthepremisethatinthestruggleforexistence amonganimalspeciesonlythefittestsurvive.Ingeneralhoweverthis struggleinnatureiscompetitionnotconflict.Socialanimalssuchasmonkeys andcattlefighttowinormaintainleadershipofthegroup.Thestrugglefor existenceoccursnotinsuchfightsbutinthecompetitionforlimitedfeeding areasandforoccupancyofareasfreefrommeat-eatinganimals.Thosewhofail inthiscompetitionstarvetodeathorbecomevictimstootherspecies.This struggleforexistencedoesnotresemblehumanwarbutratherthecompetition ofindividualsforjobsmarketsandmaterials.Theessenceofthestruggleis thecompetitionforthenecessitiesoflifethatareinsufficienttosatisfy all.??Amongnationsthereiscompetitionindevelopingresources tradesskillsandasatisfactorywayoflife.Thesuccessfulnationsgrowand prosper;theunsuccessfuldecline.Whileitistruethatthiscompetitionmay induceeffortstoexpandterritoryattheexpenseofothersandthusleadto conflictitcannotbesaidthatwar-likeconflictamongnationsisinevitable althoughcompetitionis.Accordingtotheauthorcompetitiondiffersfromconflictinthat______.
{{*HTML*}}{{B}}第二篇{{/B}} {{B}}??????? ????SystemofCriminalTrial{{/B}}??How efficientisoursystemofcriminaltrial?Doesitreallydothebasicjobwe askofit—convictingtheguiltyandacquittingtheinnocent?Itisoftensaid thattheBritishtrailsystemismorelikeagamethanaseriousattempttodo justice.Thelawyersoneachsidearesoen-grossedinplayinghardtowin challengingeachotherandthejudgeontechnicalpointsthattheobjectof findingoutthetruthisalmostforgotten.Alltheeffortisconcentratedonthe bigdayonthedramaticcrossexaminationofthekeywitnessesinfrontofthe jury.Criticsliketocompareouradversarialsystemresemblingtwo adversariesengagedinacontestwiththecontinentalinquisitorialsystem underwhichthejudgeplaysamoreimportantinquiringrole.??In earlytimesintheMiddleAgesthesystemsoftrialacrossEuropewere similar.Atthattimetrialbyordeal—especiallyareligiousevent—wasthe mainwayoftestingguiltorinnocence.Whenthiswayeventuallyabandonedthe twosystemspartedcompany.Onthecontinentchurch-trainedlegalofficialstook overthefunctionofbothprosecutingandjudgingwhileinEnglandthesewere largelylefttolaypeopletheJusticeofthePeaceandthismeantthatallthe evidencehadtobeputtothemorallythishistoricalaccidentdominates procedureeventodaywithallevidencebeinggiveninopencourtbywordof mouthonthecrucialday.??OntheotherhandinFrancefor instancealltheevidenceiswrittenbeforethetrialundersupervisionbyan investigatingjudge.?Thisexhaustivepretriallooksveryundramatic;much ofitisjustapubliccheckingofthewrittenrecordsalready gathered.??TheAmericansadoptedtheBritishsystemlockstock andbarrelandenshrineditintheirconstitution.Butwhilethebasicfeatures ofoursystemsarecommontherearenowsignificantdifferencesintheway seriouscasesarehandled.FirstbecausetheU.S.A.hasvirtuallynocontempt ofcourtlawstopreventpretrialpublicityinthenewspaperandontelevision Americanslawyersareallowedtoquestionjurorsaboutknowledgeand beliefs.??InBritainthisisvirtuallyneverallowedanda randomselectionofjurorswhoarepresumednottobeprejudicedareempanelled. SecondlythereisnoseparateprofessionofbarristerintheUnitedStatesand bothprosecutionanddefenselawyerswhoaretopresentcasesincourtprepare themthemselves.Theygooutandvisitthescenetrackdownandinterview witnessesandfamiliarizethemselvespersonallywiththebackground.InBritain itisthesolicitorwhopreparesthecaseandthebarristerwhoappearsin courtisnotevenslowedtomeetwitnessbeforehand.Britishbarristersalso alternatedoingbothprosecutionanddefensework.Beingkeptdistantfromthe preparationandregularlyappearingforbothsidesbarristersaresaidtoavoid becomingtoopersonallyinvolvedandcanapproachcasesmoredispassionately. Americanlawyershoweveroftenknowtheircasesbetter.? ?Reformersrightlywanttolearnfromothercountries’mistakesand successes.Butwhatisclearisthatjusticesystemslargelybecausetheyare theresultoflonghistoricalgrowtharepeculiarlydifficulttoadapt piecemeal.Thepassage______.
{{*HTML*}}阅读下面这篇短文短文后有2项测试任务1第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第1～4段每段选择1个正确的小标题2第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确选项分别完成每个句子 {{B}}?????????? ????EarthAngels{{/B}}??1．JoyingBresciawas 8yearsoldwhenshenoticedthatcigarettebutts烟头werelitteringher hometownbeachinIsleofPalmsSouthCarolina.Whenshelearnedthatittakes fiveyearsfortheremainsofacigarettetodisintegrateshedecidedtotake action.JoyinglaunchedaNoButtsontheBeachcampaign.Sheraisedmoneyand awarenessabouttheneedtokeepthebeachesclean.Withthehelpofothers Joyingalsoboughtorreceiveddonationsofgallon-sizeplasticice-cream buckets.Thebucketswerefilledwithsandandplacedatallpublic-access areasofthebeach.Thebucketsallowedpeopletodisposeoftheircigarettes beforehit-tingthebeach.TwoyearslaterJoyingsaysthebucketsarefull andthebeachinnearlyfreeofcigarettedebris残片.??2．People wholiveinorvisitSteamboatSpringsColoradohaveCarterDunhamtothank foranewstatewildliferefugethatpreserves20acresofmarshlandandmany speciesofwildlife.Carterandotherstudentswroteamanagementplanforthe areaaroundtheYampaRiver.TheplanwaspartofaclassprojectwhenCarter wasafreshmanatSteamboatSpringsHighSchool.WorkingwiththeColorado DivisionofWildlifeCarterandhisclassmatesmappedtheareaandspeciesof animalslivingthere.Theyalsomadedecisionsaboutamongotherthingswhere fencesandparkingareasshouldbebuilt.??3．BarbaraBrownand herfriendscollectoil.Itstartedasaprojectfortheir4HClubafteroneof thegirlsnoticedherfatherusingmotoroiltokillweedsontheirfarmin VictoriaTexas.Theydidsomeresearchanddiscoveredthatoilcancontaminate groundwater—arealdangerinruralareaswherepeopleliveoffthewateron theirland.Thegirlsresearchedwaystorecycleoilandworkedwithalocal oil-recyclingcompanyontheissue.NowtheDon’tBeCrudeprogramruns oil-collectionsites—tanksthatholdupto460gallons—wherepeopleinthe communitycandisposeoftheiroil.??4．Fiveyearsago 11-year-oldRyanHreljacwasalittleboywithabigdream:forallthepeople inAfricatohavecleandrinkingwater.Hisdreambeganinthefirstgradewhen helearnedthatpeopleweredyingbecausetheydidn’thavecleanwaterandthat aslittleas$70couldbuildawell.Wereallytakewaterforgrantedsays RyanofKemptvilleOntarioinCanada.Inothercountriesyouhavetoplan forit.Ryanearnedthefirst$70bydoingextrachores零工butwiththehelp ofothershehassinceraisedhundredsofthousandsofdollars.Hiseffortsled tothestartoftheRyan’sWellFoundationwhichraisesmoneyforcleanwater andhealth-relatedservicesforpeopleinAfricancountriesanddeveloping countries.PeoplearegratefultoCarterDunhamforhiseffortsto______
{{*HTML*}}{{B}}第三篇{{/B}} {{B}}??????? ??????Computers{{/B}}??The initialimpactofcomputerswasintheareaofentertainment.Ifyouwalkedbya videoarcadeintheearly1980syoucouldnothavefailedtonoticethatthe useofvideogameswasgrowingatwhatsomeconsideredanalarmingrate.In1981 themovieindustrygrossed$3billionvideogamestookinanestimated$6 billion.Thatgivesyousomeideaofjusthowbigthecomputerindustryhad become.Videogamesemploythesametechnologyaspersonalcomputersandindeed manywhoboughtpersonalcomputersdidsoprimarilyforplayinggamesathome thussavingtheirquarters.Thoughvideogamesarenotaspopularastheywerea fewyearsagotheydidprovideconsumerwiththeirfirstrealreasontobuy PCs.???Amorerecentcomputerinnovationdesktop publishingsuppliesonegoodreasonforthosewhowriteforalivingtobuya PC.Desktoppublishingisadeceptivelysimpledescriptionforanextremely complexgroupofhardwareandsoftwaretools.Youcannowwritetextedittext drawillustrationsincorporatephotographsdesignpagelayoutsandprinta finisheddocumentwitharelativelyinexpensivecomputerandlaserprinter. Althoughthenewtechnologyoffersnewfreedomthereisapricetobepaidfor thisfreedom.Withtotalcontrolcomestotalresponsibility.Infacttheissue ofsocialresponsibilityinournewcomputeragehaslongbeenatopicofdebate amongcomputerenthusiasts.Somepeopleareconcernedwiththelong-termsocial effectsoftheso-calledcomputerrevolution.IronicallymanyPCpioneerswho builtandmarketedthefirstmachineswere60s-styleadvocatesofsocialchange. Theyclaimthatwhilepersonalcomputertechnologyhasthepotentialtomake societymoreequalit’shavingtheoppositeeffectsinceupper-middle-class peoplecanaffordthemandlower-classpeoplecannot.??In additionthewaysthatcomputersareusedtomonitortheactivitiesoftheir usershaveevokedanxietyaboutthemachine.Over7millionAmericansnowhave theirworkpacedcontrolledandmonitoredbycomputers.Acomputerismore restrictiveandpowerfulinthewayitcontrolspeoplethantheold-fashioned assemblyline.Thiscanleadtowhatsomehavecalledtech-stress.Irritated eyesbackproblemsandotherphysicalsymptomshavealsobeenassociatedwith theextensiveuseofcomputers.Althoughthepersonalcomputermaynothavehad theimpactsomepredictedadecadeagethecombinationofcomputertechnology withsatellitesandcabledoespromiseinnovationsinthemassmediathatwould haveseemedastonishingjustafewshortyears ago.Theconsumers’firstmotivationinbuyingpersonalcomputeristo______.
Iftheweathermanhaspredicted{{U}}accurately{{/U}}tomorrowwillbeaperfectdayforourpicnic.
{{*HTML*}}阅读下面的短文文中有15处空白每处空白给出了4个选项请根据短文的内容从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案 {{B}}??????? ?????????Humanand Culture{{/B}}??Humanbeingsareanimals.?Webreatheeatand digestandreproducethesamelifeprocessescommontoallanimals.Ina biologicallaboratoryratsmonkeysandhumansseemverymuchthe same.??Howeverbiologicalunderstandingisnotenough:{{U}} ?51?{{/U}}itselfitcannevertelluswhathumanbeingsare.{{U}} ?52?{{/U}}toourphysicalequipment—thenakedhumanbody—wearenot an{{U}}?53?{{/U}}animal.Wearetropicalcreaturesnearlyhairless andsensitivetocold.Wearenotfastandhaveneitherclawsnorsharpteethto defendourselves.Weneedalotoffoodbuthavealmostnophysicalequipmentto helpusgetit.Inthepurelyphysical{{U}}?54?{{/U}}ourspecies seemsapoor{{U}}?55?{{/U}}forsurvival.??Butwehave survived—survivedandmultipliedand{{U}}?56?{{/U}}theearth.Someday wewillhavea{{U}}?57?{{/U}}livingonthemoonaplacewithneither airnorwaterandwithtemperaturesthatturngasesintosolids.?Howcan wehavedoneallthesethings?Partoftheanswerisphysical.Inspiteofits limitationsourphysicalequipmenthassomeimportant{{U}}?58?{{/U}}. Wehaveexcellentvisionandhandsthatcan{{U}}?59?{{/U}}objectswith aprecisionunmatchedbyanyother{{U}}?60?{{/U}}.Mostimportantly wehavealargebrainwithanalmost{{U}}?61?{{/U}}numberofneural connections.??Wehaveusedthisphysicalequipmenttocreate culturethekeytooursurvivalandsuccess.IfweliveintheArcticwe supplythewarmthourtropicalbodiesneed{{U}}?62?{{/U}}clothing shelterand{{U}}?63?{{/U}}heat.Ifamillionpeoplewanttolivein adesertthatsuppliesnaturalfoodforonlyafewhundredwefindwaterto growfoodand{{U}}?64?{{/U}}deficitsbytransportingsuppliesfrom distantplaces.Inhabitantsofoureventualmooncolonywillbringtheirown foodandoxygenandthencreateanartificialearthenvironmenttosupply necessities.Withculturewecanovercomeournaturallimitations.? ?Itwasnotalways{{U}}?65?{{/U}}.Ourdistantancestorswere justanimalsfacedwiththelimitsoftheirphysicalequipment.Theyhadno cultureandlackedthephysicalcapacitytouse it.
{{*HTML*}}下面有3篇短文每篇短文后有5道题每题后面有4个选项请仔细阅读短文并根据短文回答其后面的问题{{B}}第一篇{{/B}} {{B}}??????? ???????WarandConflict{{/B}}? ?Thequestionofwhetherwarisinevitableisonewhichhasconcernedmany oftheworld’sgreatwriters.Beforeconsideringthisquestionitwillbe usefultointroducesomerelatedconcepts.Conflictdefinedasoppositionamong socialentitiesdirectedagainstoneanotherisdistinguishedfromcompetition definedasoppositionamongsocialentitiesindependentlystrivingforsomething whichisininadequatesupply.Competitorsmaynotbeawareofoneanother whilethepartiestoaconflictare.Conflictandcompetitionareboth categoriesofoppositionwhichhasbeendefinedasaprocessbywhichsocial entitiesfunctionisthedisserviceofoneanother.??Opposition isthuscontrastedwithcooperationtheprocessbywhichsocialentities functionintheserviceofoneanother.Thesedefinitionsarenecessarybecause itisimportanttoemphasizethatcompetitionbetweenindividualsorgroupsin inevitableinaworldoflimitedresourcesbutconflictisnot.Conflict neverthelessisverylikelytooccurandisprobablyanessentialand desirableelementofhumansocieties.??Manyauthorshaveargued fortheinevitabilityofwarfromthepremisethatinthestruggleforexistence amonganimalspeciesonlythefittestsurvive.Ingeneralhoweverthis struggleinnatureiscompetitionnotconflict.Socialanimalssuchasmonkeys andcattlefighttowinormaintainleadershipofthegroup.Thestrugglefor existenceoccursnotinsuchfightsbutinthecompetitionforlimitedfeeding areasandforoccupancyofareasfreefrommeat-eatinganimals.Thosewhofail inthiscompetitionstarvetodeathorbecomevictimstootherspecies.This struggleforexistencedoesnotresemblehumanwarbutratherthecompetition ofindividualsforjobsmarketsandmaterials.Theessenceofthestruggleis thecompetitionforthenecessitiesoflifethatareinsufficienttosatisfy all.??Amongnationsthereiscompetitionindevelopingresources tradesskillsandasatisfactorywayoflife.Thesuccessfulnationsgrowand prosper;theunsuccessfuldecline.Whileitistruethatthiscompetitionmay induceeffortstoexpandterritoryattheexpenseofothersandthusleadto conflictitcannotbesaidthatwar-likeconflictamongnationsisinevitable althoughcompetitionis.Theauthorindicatesinthepassagethatconflict______.
{{*HTML*}}阅读下面这篇短文短文后列出7个句子请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断 {{B}}??????? ????????MotherNatureShowsHer Strength{{/B}}??Tornadoes龙卷风andheavythunderstormsmoved acrosstheGreatLakesandintoTrumbullCountyonSaturdayevening.Thestorms weredramaticanddangerous.??GeorgeSnyderwasdrivingthefire truckdownRoute88whenhefirstnoticedthatafunnel漏斗状的cloudwasbehind him.Istoppedthetruckandwatchedthefunnelcloud.Itwasabout100feet offthegroundandIsawitgoupanddownforawhile.Itwasmovingtoward BradleyRoadandthensuddenlyitdisappearedSnydersaid.? ?Snyderonlysawoneofthefunnelcloudsthatpassedthroughnortheastern OhioonSaturday.InTrumbullCountyatornadoturnedtreesontotheirsides. Sometreesfellontohousesandcars.Othertreesfellintotelephoneand electricalwiresastheywentdown.??AmandaSymcheckwashavinga partywhenthestormbegan.Iknewsomethingwaswrongshesaid.Isawthe skygogreenandpink粉红色.Thenitsoundedlikeatrainrushingtowardthe house.Istartedcryingandtoldeveryonetogotothebasementforprotection. ??Thetornadocausedalotofdamagetocarsandhousesinthe area.Itwilltakealongtimeandmuchmoneytorepaireverything.Therewas alsoseriouswaterdamagefromthethunderstorms.Theheavyrainsandhighwind causedthepowertogooutinmanyhomes.??Thestormscaused seriousfloodinginareasneartheriver.Morethanfourinchesofrainfellin partsofTrumbullCounty.Theriverwassohighthatthewaterranintostreets andhouses.Manystreetshadtobeclosedtocarsandtrucksbecauseofthehigh water.Thismadeitdifficultforfiretruckspolicecarsandotherrescue vehiclestohelppeoplewhowereintrouble.??Manypeoplewho liveneartheriverhadtoleavetheirhomesfortheirownsafety.Somepeople reportedfivefeetofwaterintheirhomes.Localandstateofficialsopened emergencysheltersforthepeoplewhowereevacuated撤走.TheRedCrossserved mealstothem.??ThiswasareallyintensestormsaidSnyder Peoplewereafraid.MotherNaturecanbefierce.Wewereluckythistime.No onewaskilled.TherehadnotbeensuchaseverestorminTrumbullCountyforahundredyears.
{{*HTML*}}阅读下面的短文文中有15处空白每处空白给出了4个选项请根据短文的内容从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案 {{B}}??????? ?????????Humanand Culture{{/B}}??Humanbeingsareanimals.?Webreatheeatand digestandreproducethesamelifeprocessescommontoallanimals.Ina biologicallaboratoryratsmonkeysandhumansseemverymuchthe same.??Howeverbiologicalunderstandingisnotenough:{{U}} ?51?{{/U}}itselfitcannevertelluswhathumanbeingsare.{{U}} ?52?{{/U}}toourphysicalequipment—thenakedhumanbody—wearenot an{{U}}?53?{{/U}}animal.Wearetropicalcreaturesnearlyhairless andsensitivetocold.Wearenotfastandhaveneitherclawsnorsharpteethto defendourselves.Weneedalotoffoodbuthavealmostnophysicalequipmentto helpusgetit.Inthepurelyphysical{{U}}?54?{{/U}}ourspecies seemsapoor{{U}}?55?{{/U}}forsurvival.??Butwehave survived—survivedandmultipliedand{{U}}?56?{{/U}}theearth.Someday wewillhavea{{U}}?57?{{/U}}livingonthemoonaplacewithneither airnorwaterandwithtemperaturesthatturngasesintosolids.?Howcan wehavedoneallthesethings?Partoftheanswerisphysical.Inspiteofits limitationsourphysicalequipmenthassomeimportant{{U}}?58?{{/U}}. Wehaveexcellentvisionandhandsthatcan{{U}}?59?{{/U}}objectswith aprecisionunmatchedbyanyother{{U}}?60?{{/U}}.Mostimportantly wehavealargebrainwithanalmost{{U}}?61?{{/U}}numberofneural connections.??Wehaveusedthisphysicalequipmenttocreate culturethekeytooursurvivalandsuccess.IfweliveintheArcticwe supplythewarmthourtropicalbodiesneed{{U}}?62?{{/U}}clothing shelterand{{U}}?63?{{/U}}heat.Ifamillionpeoplewanttolivein adesertthatsuppliesnaturalfoodforonlyafewhundredwefindwaterto growfoodand{{U}}?64?{{/U}}deficitsbytransportingsuppliesfrom distantplaces.Inhabitantsofoureventualmooncolonywillbringtheirown foodandoxygenandthencreateanartificialearthenvironmenttosupply necessities.Withculturewecanovercomeournaturallimitations.? ?Itwasnotalways{{U}}?65?{{/U}}.Ourdistantancestorswere justanimalsfacedwiththelimitsoftheirphysicalequipment.Theyhadno cultureandlackedthephysicalcapacitytouse it.
{{*HTML*}}阅读下面这篇短文短文后有2项测试任务1第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第1～4段每段选择1个正确的小标题2第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确选项分别完成每个句子 {{B}}?????????? ????EarthAngels{{/B}}??1．JoyingBresciawas 8yearsoldwhenshenoticedthatcigarettebutts烟头werelitteringher hometownbeachinIsleofPalmsSouthCarolina.Whenshelearnedthatittakes fiveyearsfortheremainsofacigarettetodisintegrateshedecidedtotake action.JoyinglaunchedaNoButtsontheBeachcampaign.Sheraisedmoneyand awarenessabouttheneedtokeepthebeachesclean.Withthehelpofothers Joyingalsoboughtorreceiveddonationsofgallon-sizeplasticice-cream buckets.Thebucketswerefilledwithsandandplacedatallpublic-access areasofthebeach.Thebucketsallowedpeopletodisposeoftheircigarettes beforehit-tingthebeach.TwoyearslaterJoyingsaysthebucketsarefull andthebeachinnearlyfreeofcigarettedebris残片.??2．People wholiveinorvisitSteamboatSpringsColoradohaveCarterDunhamtothank foranewstatewildliferefugethatpreserves20acresofmarshlandandmany speciesofwildlife.Carterandotherstudentswroteamanagementplanforthe areaaroundtheYampaRiver.TheplanwaspartofaclassprojectwhenCarter wasafreshmanatSteamboatSpringsHighSchool.WorkingwiththeColorado DivisionofWildlifeCarterandhisclassmatesmappedtheareaandspeciesof animalslivingthere.Theyalsomadedecisionsaboutamongotherthingswhere fencesandparkingareasshouldbebuilt.??3．BarbaraBrownand herfriendscollectoil.Itstartedasaprojectfortheir4HClubafteroneof thegirlsnoticedherfatherusingmotoroiltokillweedsontheirfarmin VictoriaTexas.Theydidsomeresearchanddiscoveredthatoilcancontaminate groundwater—arealdangerinruralareaswherepeopleliveoffthewateron theirland.Thegirlsresearchedwaystorecycleoilandworkedwithalocal oil-recyclingcompanyontheissue.NowtheDon’tBeCrudeprogramruns oil-collectionsites—tanksthatholdupto460gallons—wherepeopleinthe communitycandisposeoftheiroil.??4．Fiveyearsago 11-year-oldRyanHreljacwasalittleboywithabigdream:forallthepeople inAfricatohavecleandrinkingwater.Hisdreambeganinthefirstgradewhen helearnedthatpeopleweredyingbecausetheydidn’thavecleanwaterandthat aslittleas$70couldbuildawell.Wereallytakewaterforgrantedsays RyanofKemptvilleOntarioinCanada.Inothercountriesyouhavetoplan forit.Ryanearnedthefirst$70bydoingextrachores零工butwiththehelp ofothershehassinceraisedhundredsofthousandsofdollars.Hiseffortsled tothestartoftheRyan’sWellFoundationwhichraisesmoneyforcleanwater andhealth-relatedservicesforpeopleinAfricancountriesanddeveloping countries.Paragraph2______
{{*HTML*}}阅读下面的短文文章中有5处空白文章后面有6组文字请根据文章的内容选择5组文字将其分别放回文章原有位置以恢复文章原貌 {{B}}?????????? ???WhyWouldTheyFalselyConfess?{{/B}}??Whyon earthwouldaninnocentpersonfalselyconfesstocommittingacrime?Tomost peopleitjustdoesn’tseemlogical.Butitislogicalsayexpertsifyou understandwhatcanhappeninapoliceinterrogation审讯room.? ?Undertherightconditionspeople’smindsaresusceptible易受影响的to influenceandthepressureputonsuspectsduringpolicequestioningis enormous.{{U}}?46?{{/U}}Thepressureisimportanttounderstand becauseotherwiseit’simpossibletounderstandwhysomeonewouldsayhedid somethinghedidn’tdo.Theansweris:toputanendtoanuncomfortable situationthatwillcontinueuntilhedoesconfess.? ?DevelopmentalpsychologistMaryRedlichrecentlyconductedalaboratory studytodeterminehowlikelypeoplearetoconfesstothingstheydidn’tdo.{{U}} ?47?{{/U}}Theresearchersthenintentionallycrashedthecomputers andaccusedtheparticipantsofhittingthealtkeytoseeiftheywouldsign astatementfalselytakingresponsibility.??Redlich’sfindings clearlydemonstratehoweasyitcanbetogetpeopletofalselyconfess:59 percentoftheyoungadultsintheexperimentimmediatelyconfessed.{{U}} ?48?{{/U}}Ofthe15-to16-year-olds72percentsignedconfessions asdid78percentofthe12-to13-year-olds.??There’sno questionthatyoungpeoplearemoreatrisksaysSaulKassinapsychology professoratWilliamsCollegewhohasdonesimilarstudieswithsimilar results.{{U}}?49?{{/U}}??BothKassinandRedlichnote thattheentireinterrogationintheirexperimentsconsistedofasimple accusation—nothoursofaggressivequestioning—andstillmostparticipants falselyconfessed.??{{U}}?50?{{/U}}Insomewayssays Kassinfalseconfessionbecomesarationaldecision.??A．Inher experimentparticipantswereseatedatcomputersandtoldnottohitthealt keybecausedoingsowouldcrashthesystems.??B．Becauseofthe stressofapoliceinterrogationtheyconcludesuspectscanbecomeconvinced thatfalselyconfessingistheeasiestwayoutofabadsituation.? ?C．It’salittlelikesomebody’sworkingonthemwithadental牙齿的 drillsaysFranklinZimringalawprofessorattheUniversityofCalifornia atBerkeley.??D．Butthebaselineisthatadultsarehighly vulnerabletoo.??E．Thecourtfoundhiminnocentandhewas released.??F．Redlichalsofoundthattheyoungertheparticipant themorelikelyafalseconfession.
OneofCalifornia'sgreatestproblemsisproviding{{U}}adequate{{/U}}watertomeettheneedsofitsexpandingpopulation.
{{*HTML*}}阅读下面这篇短文短文后有2项测试任务1第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第1～4段每段选择1个正确的小标题2第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确选项分别完成每个句子 {{B}}?????????? ????EarthAngels{{/B}}??1．JoyingBresciawas 8yearsoldwhenshenoticedthatcigarettebutts烟头werelitteringher hometownbeachinIsleofPalmsSouthCarolina.Whenshelearnedthatittakes fiveyearsfortheremainsofacigarettetodisintegrateshedecidedtotake action.JoyinglaunchedaNoButtsontheBeachcampaign.Sheraisedmoneyand awarenessabouttheneedtokeepthebeachesclean.Withthehelpofothers Joyingalsoboughtorreceiveddonationsofgallon-sizeplasticice-cream buckets.Thebucketswerefilledwithsandandplacedatallpublic-access areasofthebeach.Thebucketsallowedpeopletodisposeoftheircigarettes beforehit-tingthebeach.TwoyearslaterJoyingsaysthebucketsarefull andthebeachinnearlyfreeofcigarettedebris残片.??2．People wholiveinorvisitSteamboatSpringsColoradohaveCarterDunhamtothank foranewstatewildliferefugethatpreserves20acresofmarshlandandmany speciesofwildlife.Carterandotherstudentswroteamanagementplanforthe areaaroundtheYampaRiver.TheplanwaspartofaclassprojectwhenCarter wasafreshmanatSteamboatSpringsHighSchool.WorkingwiththeColorado DivisionofWildlifeCarterandhisclassmatesmappedtheareaandspeciesof animalslivingthere.Theyalsomadedecisionsaboutamongotherthingswhere fencesandparkingareasshouldbebuilt.??3．BarbaraBrownand herfriendscollectoil.Itstartedasaprojectfortheir4HClubafteroneof thegirlsnoticedherfatherusingmotoroiltokillweedsontheirfarmin VictoriaTexas.Theydidsomeresearchanddiscoveredthatoilcancontaminate groundwater—arealdangerinruralareaswherepeopleliveoffthewateron theirland.Thegirlsresearchedwaystorecycleoilandworkedwithalocal oil-recyclingcompanyontheissue.NowtheDon’tBeCrudeprogramruns oil-collectionsites—tanksthatholdupto460gallons—wherepeopleinthe communitycandisposeoftheiroil.??4．Fiveyearsago 11-year-oldRyanHreljacwasalittleboywithabigdream:forallthepeople inAfricatohavecleandrinkingwater.Hisdreambeganinthefirstgradewhen helearnedthatpeopleweredyingbecausetheydidn’thavecleanwaterandthat aslittleas$70couldbuildawell.Wereallytakewaterforgrantedsays RyanofKemptvilleOntarioinCanada.Inothercountriesyouhavetoplan forit.Ryanearnedthefirst$70bydoingextrachores零工butwiththehelp ofothershehassinceraisedhundredsofthousandsofdollars.Hiseffortsled tothestartoftheRyan’sWellFoundationwhichraisesmoneyforcleanwater andhealth-relatedservicesforpeopleinAfricancountriesanddeveloping countries.Paragraph4______
{{*HTML*}}阅读下面的短文文中有15处空白每处空白给出了4个选项请根据短文的内容从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案 {{B}}??????? ?????????Humanand Culture{{/B}}??Humanbeingsareanimals.?Webreatheeatand digestandreproducethesamelifeprocessescommontoallanimals.Ina biologicallaboratoryratsmonkeysandhumansseemverymuchthe same.??Howeverbiologicalunderstandingisnotenough:{{U}} ?51?{{/U}}itselfitcannevertelluswhathumanbeingsare.{{U}} ?52?{{/U}}toourphysicalequipment—thenakedhumanbody—wearenot an{{U}}?53?{{/U}}animal.Wearetropicalcreaturesnearlyhairless andsensitivetocold.Wearenotfastandhaveneitherclawsnorsharpteethto defendourselves.Weneedalotoffoodbuthavealmostnophysicalequipmentto helpusgetit.Inthepurelyphysical{{U}}?54?{{/U}}ourspecies seemsapoor{{U}}?55?{{/U}}forsurvival.??Butwehave survived—survivedandmultipliedand{{U}}?56?{{/U}}theearth.Someday wewillhavea{{U}}?57?{{/U}}livingonthemoonaplacewithneither airnorwaterandwithtemperaturesthatturngasesintosolids.?Howcan wehavedoneallthesethings?Partoftheanswerisphysical.Inspiteofits limitationsourphysicalequipmenthassomeimportant{{U}}?58?{{/U}}. Wehaveexcellentvisionandhandsthatcan{{U}}?59?{{/U}}objectswith aprecisionunmatchedbyanyother{{U}}?60?{{/U}}.Mostimportantly wehavealargebrainwithanalmost{{U}}?61?{{/U}}numberofneural connections.??Wehaveusedthisphysicalequipmenttocreate culturethekeytooursurvivalandsuccess.IfweliveintheArcticwe supplythewarmthourtropicalbodiesneed{{U}}?62?{{/U}}clothing shelterand{{U}}?63?{{/U}}heat.Ifamillionpeoplewanttolivein adesertthatsuppliesnaturalfoodforonlyafewhundredwefindwaterto growfoodand{{U}}?64?{{/U}}deficitsbytransportingsuppliesfrom distantplaces.Inhabitantsofoureventualmooncolonywillbringtheirown foodandoxygenandthencreateanartificialearthenvironmenttosupply necessities.Withculturewecanovercomeournaturallimitations.? ?Itwasnotalways{{U}}?65?{{/U}}.Ourdistantancestorswere justanimalsfacedwiththelimitsoftheirphysicalequipment.Theyhadno cultureandlackedthephysicalcapacitytouse it.
{{*HTML*}}阅读下面的短文文中有15处空白每处空白给出了4个选项请根据短文的内容从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案 {{B}}??????? ?????????Humanand Culture{{/B}}??Humanbeingsareanimals.?Webreatheeatand digestandreproducethesamelifeprocessescommontoallanimals.Ina biologicallaboratoryratsmonkeysandhumansseemverymuchthe same.??Howeverbiologicalunderstandingisnotenough:{{U}} ?51?{{/U}}itselfitcannevertelluswhathumanbeingsare.{{U}} ?52?{{/U}}toourphysicalequipment—thenakedhumanbody—wearenot an{{U}}?53?{{/U}}animal.Wearetropicalcreaturesnearlyhairless andsensitivetocold.Wearenotfastandhaveneitherclawsnorsharpteethto defendourselves.Weneedalotoffoodbuthavealmostnophysicalequipmentto helpusgetit.Inthepurelyphysical{{U}}?54?{{/U}}ourspecies seemsapoor{{U}}?55?{{/U}}forsurvival.??Butwehave survived—survivedandmultipliedand{{U}}?56?{{/U}}theearth.Someday wewillhavea{{U}}?57?{{/U}}livingonthemoonaplacewithneither airnorwaterandwithtemperaturesthatturngasesintosolids.?Howcan wehavedoneallthesethings?Partoftheanswerisphysical.Inspiteofits limitationsourphysicalequipmenthassomeimportant{{U}}?58?{{/U}}. Wehaveexcellentvisionandhandsthatcan{{U}}?59?{{/U}}objectswith aprecisionunmatchedbyanyother{{U}}?60?{{/U}}.Mostimportantly wehavealargebrainwithanalmost{{U}}?61?{{/U}}numberofneural connections.??Wehaveusedthisphysicalequipmenttocreate culturethekeytooursurvivalandsuccess.IfweliveintheArcticwe supplythewarmthourtropicalbodiesneed{{U}}?62?{{/U}}clothing shelterand{{U}}?63?{{/U}}heat.Ifamillionpeoplewanttolivein adesertthatsuppliesnaturalfoodforonlyafewhundredwefindwaterto growfoodand{{U}}?64?{{/U}}deficitsbytransportingsuppliesfrom distantplaces.Inhabitantsofoureventualmooncolonywillbringtheirown foodandoxygenandthencreateanartificialearthenvironmenttosupply necessities.Withculturewecanovercomeournaturallimitations.? ?Itwasnotalways{{U}}?65?{{/U}}.Ourdistantancestorswere justanimalsfacedwiththelimitsoftheirphysicalequipment.Theyhadno cultureandlackedthephysicalcapacitytouse it.
AlthoughSouthCarolina'smineralresourcesare{{U}}abundant{{/U}}notallofthemcanbeminedlucratively.
{{*HTML*}}阅读下面的短文文中有15处空白每处空白给出了4个选项请根据短文的内容从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案 {{B}}??????? ?????????Humanand Culture{{/B}}??Humanbeingsareanimals.?Webreatheeatand digestandreproducethesamelifeprocessescommontoallanimals.Ina biologicallaboratoryratsmonkeysandhumansseemverymuchthe same.??Howeverbiologicalunderstandingisnotenough:{{U}} ?51?{{/U}}itselfitcannevertelluswhathumanbeingsare.{{U}} ?52?{{/U}}toourphysicalequipment—thenakedhumanbody—wearenot an{{U}}?53?{{/U}}animal.Wearetropicalcreaturesnearlyhairless andsensitivetocold.Wearenotfastandhaveneitherclawsnorsharpteethto defendourselves.Weneedalotoffoodbuthavealmostnophysicalequipmentto helpusgetit.Inthepurelyphysical{{U}}?54?{{/U}}ourspecies seemsapoor{{U}}?55?{{/U}}forsurvival.??Butwehave survived—survivedandmultipliedand{{U}}?56?{{/U}}theearth.Someday wewillhavea{{U}}?57?{{/U}}livingonthemoonaplacewithneither airnorwaterandwithtemperaturesthatturngasesintosolids.?Howcan wehavedoneallthesethings?Partoftheanswerisphysical.Inspiteofits limitationsourphysicalequipmenthassomeimportant{{U}}?58?{{/U}}. Wehaveexcellentvisionandhandsthatcan{{U}}?59?{{/U}}objectswith aprecisionunmatchedbyanyother{{U}}?60?{{/U}}.Mostimportantly wehavealargebrainwithanalmost{{U}}?61?{{/U}}numberofneural connections.??Wehaveusedthisphysicalequipmenttocreate culturethekeytooursurvivalandsuccess.IfweliveintheArcticwe supplythewarmthourtropicalbodiesneed{{U}}?62?{{/U}}clothing shelterand{{U}}?63?{{/U}}heat.Ifamillionpeoplewanttolivein adesertthatsuppliesnaturalfoodforonlyafewhundredwefindwaterto growfoodand{{U}}?64?{{/U}}deficitsbytransportingsuppliesfrom distantplaces.Inhabitantsofoureventualmooncolonywillbringtheirown foodandoxygenandthencreateanartificialearthenvironmenttosupply necessities.Withculturewecanovercomeournaturallimitations.? ?Itwasnotalways{{U}}?65?{{/U}}.Ourdistantancestorswere justanimalsfacedwiththelimitsoftheirphysicalequipment.Theyhadno cultureandlackedthephysicalcapacitytouse it.
Elevenstatesincludingthe{{U}}adjoining{{/U}}statesofNorthandSouthCarolinasecededfromtheUnitedStatesinthe1860'sandformedasouthernconfederacy.
{{*HTML*}}阅读下面的短文文章中有5处空白文章后面有6组文字请根据文章的内容选择5组文字将其分别放回文章原有位置以恢复文章原貌 {{B}}?????????? ???WhyWouldTheyFalselyConfess?{{/B}}??Whyon earthwouldaninnocentpersonfalselyconfesstocommittingacrime?Tomost peopleitjustdoesn’tseemlogical.Butitislogicalsayexpertsifyou understandwhatcanhappeninapoliceinterrogation审讯room.? ?Undertherightconditionspeople’smindsaresusceptible易受影响的to influenceandthepressureputonsuspectsduringpolicequestioningis enormous.{{U}}?46?{{/U}}Thepressureisimportanttounderstand becauseotherwiseit’simpossibletounderstandwhysomeonewouldsayhedid somethinghedidn’tdo.Theansweris:toputanendtoanuncomfortable situationthatwillcontinueuntilhedoesconfess.? ?DevelopmentalpsychologistMaryRedlichrecentlyconductedalaboratory studytodeterminehowlikelypeoplearetoconfesstothingstheydidn’tdo.{{U}} ?47?{{/U}}Theresearchersthenintentionallycrashedthecomputers andaccusedtheparticipantsofhittingthealtkeytoseeiftheywouldsign astatementfalselytakingresponsibility.??Redlich’sfindings clearlydemonstratehoweasyitcanbetogetpeopletofalselyconfess:59 percentoftheyoungadultsintheexperimentimmediatelyconfessed.{{U}} ?48?{{/U}}Ofthe15-to16-year-olds72percentsignedconfessions asdid78percentofthe12-to13-year-olds.??There’sno questionthatyoungpeoplearemoreatrisksaysSaulKassinapsychology professoratWilliamsCollegewhohasdonesimilarstudieswithsimilar results.{{U}}?49?{{/U}}??BothKassinandRedlichnote thattheentireinterrogationintheirexperimentsconsistedofasimple accusation—nothoursofaggressivequestioning—andstillmostparticipants falselyconfessed.??{{U}}?50?{{/U}}Insomewayssays Kassinfalseconfessionbecomesarationaldecision.??A．Inher experimentparticipantswereseatedatcomputersandtoldnottohitthealt keybecausedoingsowouldcrashthesystems.??B．Becauseofthe stressofapoliceinterrogationtheyconcludesuspectscanbecomeconvinced thatfalselyconfessingistheeasiestwayoutofabadsituation.? ?C．It’salittlelikesomebody’sworkingonthemwithadental牙齿的 drillsaysFranklinZimringalawprofessorattheUniversityofCalifornia atBerkeley.??D．Butthebaselineisthatadultsarehighly vulnerabletoo.??E．Thecourtfoundhiminnocentandhewas released.??F．Redlichalsofoundthattheyoungertheparticipant themorelikelyafalseconfession.
{{*HTML*}}{{B}}第二篇{{/B}} {{B}}??????? ????SystemofCriminalTrial{{/B}}??How efficientisoursystemofcriminaltrial?Doesitreallydothebasicjobwe askofit—convictingtheguiltyandacquittingtheinnocent?Itisoftensaid thattheBritishtrailsystemismorelikeagamethanaseriousattempttodo justice.Thelawyersoneachsidearesoen-grossedinplayinghardtowin challengingeachotherandthejudgeontechnicalpointsthattheobjectof findingoutthetruthisalmostforgotten.Alltheeffortisconcentratedonthe bigdayonthedramaticcrossexaminationofthekeywitnessesinfrontofthe jury.Criticsliketocompareouradversarialsystemresemblingtwo adversariesengagedinacontestwiththecontinentalinquisitorialsystem underwhichthejudgeplaysamoreimportantinquiringrole.??In earlytimesintheMiddleAgesthesystemsoftrialacrossEuropewere similar.Atthattimetrialbyordeal—especiallyareligiousevent—wasthe mainwayoftestingguiltorinnocence.Whenthiswayeventuallyabandonedthe twosystemspartedcompany.Onthecontinentchurch-trainedlegalofficialstook overthefunctionofbothprosecutingandjudgingwhileinEnglandthesewere largelylefttolaypeopletheJusticeofthePeaceandthismeantthatallthe evidencehadtobeputtothemorallythishistoricalaccidentdominates procedureeventodaywithallevidencebeinggiveninopencourtbywordof mouthonthecrucialday.??OntheotherhandinFrancefor instancealltheevidenceiswrittenbeforethetrialundersupervisionbyan investigatingjudge.?Thisexhaustivepretriallooksveryundramatic;much ofitisjustapubliccheckingofthewrittenrecordsalready gathered.??TheAmericansadoptedtheBritishsystemlockstock andbarrelandenshrineditintheirconstitution.Butwhilethebasicfeatures ofoursystemsarecommontherearenowsignificantdifferencesintheway seriouscasesarehandled.FirstbecausetheU.S.A.hasvirtuallynocontempt ofcourtlawstopreventpretrialpublicityinthenewspaperandontelevision Americanslawyersareallowedtoquestionjurorsaboutknowledgeand beliefs.??InBritainthisisvirtuallyneverallowedanda randomselectionofjurorswhoarepresumednottobeprejudicedareempanelled. SecondlythereisnoseparateprofessionofbarristerintheUnitedStatesand bothprosecutionanddefenselawyerswhoaretopresentcasesincourtprepare themthemselves.Theygooutandvisitthescenetrackdownandinterview witnessesandfamiliarizethemselvespersonallywiththebackground.InBritain itisthesolicitorwhopreparesthecaseandthebarristerwhoappearsin courtisnotevenslowedtomeetwitnessbeforehand.Britishbarristersalso alternatedoingbothprosecutionanddefensework.Beingkeptdistantfromthe preparationandregularlyappearingforbothsidesbarristersaresaidtoavoid becomingtoopersonallyinvolvedandcanapproachcasesmoredispassionately. Americanlawyershoweveroftenknowtheircasesbetter.? ?Reformersrightlywanttolearnfromothercountries’mistakesand successes.Butwhatisclearisthatjusticesystemslargelybecausetheyare theresultoflonghistoricalgrowtharepeculiarlydifficulttoadapt piecemeal.Britishtrialsystemismorelikeagamethanaseriousattempttodojustice.Itimpliesthat______.
{{*HTML*}}阅读下面这篇短文短文后列出7个句子请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断 {{B}}??????? ????????MotherNatureShowsHer Strength{{/B}}??Tornadoes龙卷风andheavythunderstormsmoved acrosstheGreatLakesandintoTrumbullCountyonSaturdayevening.Thestorms weredramaticanddangerous.??GeorgeSnyderwasdrivingthefire truckdownRoute88whenhefirstnoticedthatafunnel漏斗状的cloudwasbehind him.Istoppedthetruckandwatchedthefunnelcloud.Itwasabout100feet offthegroundandIsawitgoupanddownforawhile.Itwasmovingtoward BradleyRoadandthensuddenlyitdisappearedSnydersaid.? ?Snyderonlysawoneofthefunnelcloudsthatpassedthroughnortheastern OhioonSaturday.InTrumbullCountyatornadoturnedtreesontotheirsides. Sometreesfellontohousesandcars.Othertreesfellintotelephoneand electricalwiresastheywentdown.??AmandaSymcheckwashavinga partywhenthestormbegan.Iknewsomethingwaswrongshesaid.Isawthe skygogreenandpink粉红色.Thenitsoundedlikeatrainrushingtowardthe house.Istartedcryingandtoldeveryonetogotothebasementforprotection. ??Thetornadocausedalotofdamagetocarsandhousesinthe area.Itwilltakealongtimeandmuchmoneytorepaireverything.Therewas alsoseriouswaterdamagefromthethunderstorms.Theheavyrainsandhighwind causedthepowertogooutinmanyhomes.??Thestormscaused seriousfloodinginareasneartheriver.Morethanfourinchesofrainfellin partsofTrumbullCounty.Theriverwassohighthatthewaterranintostreets andhouses.Manystreetshadtobeclosedtocarsandtrucksbecauseofthehigh water.Thismadeitdifficultforfiretruckspolicecarsandotherrescue vehiclestohelppeoplewhowereintrouble.??Manypeoplewho liveneartheriverhadtoleavetheirhomesfortheirownsafety.Somepeople reportedfivefeetofwaterintheirhomes.Localandstateofficialsopened emergencysheltersforthepeoplewhowereevacuated撤走.TheRedCrossserved mealstothem.??ThiswasareallyintensestormsaidSnyder Peoplewereafraid.MotherNaturecanbefierce.Wewereluckythistime.No onewaskilled.TheweatherwasniceinTrumbullCountyonSaturdayevening.
{{*HTML*}}阅读下面的短文文章中有5处空白文章后面有6组文字请根据文章的内容选择5组文字将其分别放回文章原有位置以恢复文章原貌 {{B}}?????????? ???WhyWouldTheyFalselyConfess?{{/B}}??Whyon earthwouldaninnocentpersonfalselyconfesstocommittingacrime?Tomost peopleitjustdoesn’tseemlogical.Butitislogicalsayexpertsifyou understandwhatcanhappeninapoliceinterrogation审讯room.? ?Undertherightconditionspeople’smindsaresusceptible易受影响的to influenceandthepressureputonsuspectsduringpolicequestioningis enormous.{{U}}?46?{{/U}}Thepressureisimportanttounderstand becauseotherwiseit’simpossibletounderstandwhysomeonewouldsayhedid somethinghedidn’tdo.Theansweris:toputanendtoanuncomfortable situationthatwillcontinueuntilhedoesconfess.? ?DevelopmentalpsychologistMaryRedlichrecentlyconductedalaboratory studytodeterminehowlikelypeoplearetoconfesstothingstheydidn’tdo.{{U}} ?47?{{/U}}Theresearchersthenintentionallycrashedthecomputers andaccusedtheparticipantsofhittingthealtkeytoseeiftheywouldsign astatementfalselytakingresponsibility.??Redlich’sfindings clearlydemonstratehoweasyitcanbetogetpeopletofalselyconfess:59 percentoftheyoungadultsintheexperimentimmediatelyconfessed.{{U}} ?48?{{/U}}Ofthe15-to16-year-olds72percentsignedconfessions asdid78percentofthe12-to13-year-olds.??There’sno questionthatyoungpeoplearemoreatrisksaysSaulKassinapsychology professoratWilliamsCollegewhohasdonesimilarstudieswithsimilar results.{{U}}?49?{{/U}}??BothKassinandRedlichnote thattheentireinterrogationintheirexperimentsconsistedofasimple accusation—nothoursofaggressivequestioning—andstillmostparticipants falselyconfessed.??{{U}}?50?{{/U}}Insomewayssays Kassinfalseconfessionbecomesarationaldecision.??A．Inher experimentparticipantswereseatedatcomputersandtoldnottohitthealt keybecausedoingsowouldcrashthesystems.??B．Becauseofthe stressofapoliceinterrogationtheyconcludesuspectscanbecomeconvinced thatfalselyconfessingistheeasiestwayoutofabadsituation.? ?C．It’salittlelikesomebody’sworkingonthemwithadental牙齿的 drillsaysFranklinZimringalawprofessorattheUniversityofCalifornia atBerkeley.??D．Butthebaselineisthatadultsarehighly vulnerabletoo.??E．Thecourtfoundhiminnocentandhewas released.??F．Redlichalsofoundthattheyoungertheparticipant themorelikelyafalseconfession.{{*HTML*}}
Redgiantstarsdonotbecomewhitedwarfstars{{U}}abruptly{{/U}};theprocesstakesmorethanfifteenhundredyears.
{{*HTML*}}{{B}}第二篇{{/B}} {{B}}??????? ????SystemofCriminalTrial{{/B}}??How efficientisoursystemofcriminaltrial?Doesitreallydothebasicjobwe askofit—convictingtheguiltyandacquittingtheinnocent?Itisoftensaid thattheBritishtrailsystemismorelikeagamethanaseriousattempttodo justice.Thelawyersoneachsidearesoen-grossedinplayinghardtowin challengingeachotherandthejudgeontechnicalpointsthattheobjectof findingoutthetruthisalmostforgotten.Alltheeffortisconcentratedonthe bigdayonthedramaticcrossexaminationofthekeywitnessesinfrontofthe jury.Criticsliketocompareouradversarialsystemresemblingtwo adversariesengagedinacontestwiththecontinentalinquisitorialsystem underwhichthejudgeplaysamoreimportantinquiringrole.??In earlytimesintheMiddleAgesthesystemsoftrialacrossEuropewere similar.Atthattimetrialbyordeal—especiallyareligiousevent—wasthe mainwayoftestingguiltorinnocence.Whenthiswayeventuallyabandonedthe twosystemspartedcompany.Onthecontinentchurch-trainedlegalofficialstook overthefunctionofbothprosecutingandjudgingwhileinEnglandthesewere largelylefttolaypeopletheJusticeofthePeaceandthismeantthatallthe evidencehadtobeputtothemorallythishistoricalaccidentdominates procedureeventodaywithallevidencebeinggiveninopencourtbywordof mouthonthecrucialday.??OntheotherhandinFrancefor instancealltheevidenceiswrittenbeforethetrialundersupervisionbyan investigatingjudge.?Thisexhaustivepretriallooksveryundramatic;much ofitisjustapubliccheckingofthewrittenrecordsalready gathered.??TheAmericansadoptedtheBritishsystemlockstock andbarrelandenshrineditintheirconstitution.Butwhilethebasicfeatures ofoursystemsarecommontherearenowsignificantdifferencesintheway seriouscasesarehandled.FirstbecausetheU.S.A.hasvirtuallynocontempt ofcourtlawstopreventpretrialpublicityinthenewspaperandontelevision Americanslawyersareallowedtoquestionjurorsaboutknowledgeand beliefs.??InBritainthisisvirtuallyneverallowedanda randomselectionofjurorswhoarepresumednottobeprejudicedareempanelled. SecondlythereisnoseparateprofessionofbarristerintheUnitedStatesand bothprosecutionanddefenselawyerswhoaretopresentcasesincourtprepare themthemselves.Theygooutandvisitthescenetrackdownandinterview witnessesandfamiliarizethemselvespersonallywiththebackground.InBritain itisthesolicitorwhopreparesthecaseandthebarristerwhoappearsin courtisnotevenslowedtomeetwitnessbeforehand.Britishbarristersalso alternatedoingbothprosecutionanddefensework.Beingkeptdistantfromthe preparationandregularlyappearingforbothsidesbarristersaresaidtoavoid becomingtoopersonallyinvolvedandcanapproachcasesmoredispassionately. Americanlawyershoweveroftenknowtheircasesbetter.? ?Reformersrightlywanttolearnfromothercountries’mistakesand successes.Butwhatisclearisthatjusticesystemslargelybecausetheyare theresultoflonghistoricalgrowtharepeculiarlydifficulttoadapt piecemeal.InBritainnewspapers______.
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