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? ?阅读下面的短文，文章中有5处空白，文章后有6组文字，请根据文章的内容选择5组文字，将其分别放回文章原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。 ? ? ? ? ? ?{{B}}The Joy of Livi...
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阅读下面的短文文章中有5处空白文章后面有6组文字请根据文章的内容选择5组文字将其分别放回文章原有位置
阅读下面的短文文章中有5处空白文章后有6组文字请根据文章的内容选择5组文字将其分别放回文章原有位置以
? ?阅读下面的短文文章中有5处空白文章后面有6组文字请根据文章的内容选择5组文字将其分别放回文章
阅读下面的短文文章中有5处空白文章后有6组文字请根据文章的内容选择5组文字将其分别放回文章原有位置以
阅读下面的短文文章中有5处空白文章后面有6组文字请根据文章的内容选择5组文字将其分别放回文章原有位置
阅读下面的短文文章中有5处空白文章后有6组文字请根据文章的内容选择5组文字将其分别放回文章原有位置以
阅读下面的短文文章中有5处空白文章后有6组文字请根据文章的内容选择5组文字将其分别放回文章原有位置以
? ?阅读下面的短文文章中有5处空白文章后有6组文字请根据文章的内容选择5组文字将其分别放回文章原
? ?阅读下面的短文文章中有5处空白文章后面有6组文字请根据文章的内容选择5组文字将其分别放回文章
阅读下面的短文文章中有5处空白文章后面有6组文字请根据文章的内容选择5组文字将其分别放回文章原有位置
? ?阅读下面的短文文章中有5处空白文章后有6组文字请根据文章的内容选择5组文字将其分别放回文章原
阅读下面的短文文章中有5处空白文章后有6组文字请根据文章的内容选择5组文字将其分别放回文章原有位置以
? ?阅读下面的短文文章中有5处空白文章后面有6组文字请根据文章的内容选择5组文字将其分别放回文章
? ?阅读下面的短文文章中有5处空白文章后面有6组文字请根据文章的内容选择5组文字将其分别放回文章
? ?阅读下面的短文文章中有5处空白文章后有6组文字请根据文章的内容选择5组文字将其分别放回文章原
? ?阅读下面的短文文章中有5处空白文章后有6组文字请根据文章的内容选择5组文字将其分别放回文章原
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Language Whenmostofusthinkaboutlanguagewethinkfirstaboutwords.Thusthehardestpartoflearningaforeignlanguagemayseemtobememorizing【51】vocabulary;whenweobserveachildfirstacquiringspeechwetalkofhisprogress【52】amatteroflearningnewwords.Wearealso【53】tofeelthattheadultspeakerwiththelargestvocabularyhasthebest【54】ofEnglish.Tothink【55】alanguageasjustastockofwordsis【56】quitewrong.Wordsalonedonot【57】alanguage;agrammaris【58】tocombinetheminsomeintelligibleway.Moreoverwordsarerelativelyeasytolearnandindeedallofusgo【59】learningthemallour【60】.Theyarealsothe【61】stablepartoflanguage.Wordscomeinto【62】changetheirpronunciationsandmeaningsanddisappearcompletelyallwithcomparativeease.Yetitistruethatthe【63】isfocusoflanguage.Itisinwords【64】soundsandmeaningsinterlocktoallowusto【65】withoneanotheranditiswordsthatwearrangetogethertomakesentencesconversationsanddiscourseofallkinds.Thuswehaveaparadoxinthatthemostshort-livedpartoflanguageisalsothecentrewheremeaningpronunciationandgrammarcometogether.
Techniquesto{{U}}employ{{/U}}theenergyofthesunarebeingdeveloped.
TheAttitudeForComputers AsDr.SamuelJohnsonsaidinadifferenteraaboutladiespreachingthesurprisingthingaboutcomputersisnotthattheythinklesswellthanamanbutthattheythinkatall.Theearlyelectroniccomputerdidnothavemuchgoingforitexceptamarvelousmemoryandsomegoodmathskills.Buttodaythebestmodelscanbewireduptolearnbyexperiencefollowanargumentaskproperquestionsandwritepoetryandmusic.Theycanalsocarryonsomewhatpuzzlingconversations. Computersimitatelife.Ascomputersgetmorecompletetheimitationgetsbetter.Finallythelinebetweentheoriginalandthecopybecomesunclear.Inanother15yearsorsowewillseethecomputerasanewformoflife. Theopinionseemsridiculousbecauseforonethingcomputerslackthedrivesandemotionsoflivingcreatures.Butdrivescanbeprogrammedintothecomputer’’sbrainjustasnatureprogrammedthemintoourhumanbrainsasapartoftheequipmentforsurvival. Computersmatchpeopleinsomerolesandwhenfastdecisionsareneededinacrisistheyoftensurpassthem.Havingevolvedwhenthepaceoflifewasslowerthehumanbrainhasaninherentdefectthatpreventsitfromabsorbingseveralstreamsofinformationsimultaneouslyandactingonthemquickly.Throwtoomanythingsatthebrainatonetimeanditfreezesup. Wearestillincontrolbutthecapabilitiesofcomputersareincreasingatafantasticratewhilerawhumanintelligenceischangingslowlyifatall.Computerpowerhasincreasedtentimeseveryeightyearssince1946.Inthe1990swhenthesixthgenerationappearsthereasoningpowerofanintelligencebuiltoutofsiliconwillbegintomatchthatofthehumanbrain. Thatdoesnotmeantheevolutionofintelligencehasendedontheearth.Judgingbythepastwecanexpectthatanewspecieswillariseoutofmansurpassinghisachievementsashehassurpassedthoseofhispredecessor.Onlyacarbonchemistryenthusiastwouldassumethatthespeciesmustbeman’’sflesh-and-blooddescendants.Thenewkindofintelligentlifeismorelikelytobemadeofsilicon. Intermsofmakingdecisionsthehumanbraincannotbecomparedwiththecomputerbecauseinthelongproceduresofevolutiontheslowpaceoflifedidn’trequiresuchanabilityofthehumanbrain.
TheAttitudeForComputers AsDr.SamuelJohnsonsaidinadifferenteraaboutladiespreachingthesurprisingthingaboutcomputersisnotthattheythinklesswellthanamanbutthattheythinkatall.Theearlyelectroniccomputerdidnothavemuchgoingforitexceptamarvelousmemoryandsomegoodmathskills.Buttodaythebestmodelscanbewireduptolearnbyexperiencefollowanargumentaskproperquestionsandwritepoetryandmusic.Theycanalsocarryonsomewhatpuzzlingconversations. Computersimitatelife.Ascomputersgetmorecompletetheimitationgetsbetter.Finallythelinebetweentheoriginalandthecopybecomesunclear.Inanother15yearsorsowewillseethecomputerasanewformoflife. Theopinionseemsridiculousbecauseforonethingcomputerslackthedrivesandemotionsoflivingcreatures.Butdrivescanbeprogrammedintothecomputer’’sbrainjustasnatureprogrammedthemintoourhumanbrainsasapartoftheequipmentforsurvival. Computersmatchpeopleinsomerolesandwhenfastdecisionsareneededinacrisistheyoftensurpassthem.Havingevolvedwhenthepaceoflifewasslowerthehumanbrainhasaninherentdefectthatpreventsitfromabsorbingseveralstreamsofinformationsimultaneouslyandactingonthemquickly.Throwtoomanythingsatthebrainatonetimeanditfreezesup. Wearestillincontrolbutthecapabilitiesofcomputersareincreasingatafantasticratewhilerawhumanintelligenceischangingslowlyifatall.Computerpowerhasincreasedtentimeseveryeightyearssince1946.Inthe1990swhenthesixthgenerationappearsthereasoningpowerofanintelligencebuiltoutofsiliconwillbegintomatchthatofthehumanbrain. Thatdoesnotmeantheevolutionofintelligencehasendedontheearth.Judgingbythepastwecanexpectthatanewspecieswillariseoutofmansurpassinghisachievementsashehassurpassedthoseofhispredecessor.Onlyacarbonchemistryenthusiastwouldassumethatthespeciesmustbeman’’sflesh-and-blooddescendants.Thenewkindofintelligentlifeismorelikelytobemadeofsilicon. Dr.SamuelJohsondisapprovedofladiestopreach.
OnAntibodies Substancesforeigntothebodysuchasdisease-causingbacteriaandvirusesandotherinfectiousagentsarerecognizedbythebodysimmunesystemasinvaders.Ournaturaldefensesagainsttheseinfectiousagentsareantibodiesproteinsthatseekouttheantigens抗原andhelpdestroythem. Antibodieshavetwoveryusefulcharacteristics.Firsttheyareextremelyspecific;thatiseachantibodybindstoandattacksoneparticularantigen.Secondsomeantibodiesonceactivatedbytheoccurrenceofadiseasecontinuetoconferresistanceagainstthatdisease.Classicexamplearetheantibodiestothechildhooddiseasesofchickenpox水痘andmeasles. Thesecondcharacteristicofantibodiesmakesitpossibletodevelopvaccines.Avaccine痘苗isapreparationofkilledorweakenedbacteriaorvirusesthatwhenintroducedintothebodystimulatestheproductionofantibodiesagainsttheantigensitcontains. Itisthefirsttraitofantibodiestheirspecificitythatmakesmonoclonalantibodytechnologysovaluable.Notonlycanantibodiesbeusedtherapeutically在治疗上toprotectagainstdisease;theycanalsohelpto.diagnoseawidevarietyofillnessesandcandetectthepresenceofdrugsviralandbacterialproductsandotherunusualorabnormalsubstancesintheblood. Givensuchadiversityofusesforthesediseased-fightingsubstancestheirproductioninpurequantitieshaslongbeenthefocusofscientificinvestigation.Theconventionalmethodwastoinjectalaboratoryanimalwithanantigenandthenafterantibodieshadbeenformedcollectthoseantibodiesfromthebloodserum血清Antibodycontainingbloodserumiscalledantiserum抗血清.Therearetwoproblemswiththismethod:Ityieldsantiserumthatcontainsundesiredsubstancesanditprovidesaverysmallamountofusableantibody. Monoclonalantibodytechnologyallowsustoproducelargeamountsofpureantibodies.inthefollowingway:wecanobtaincellsthatproduceantibodiesnaturally;wealsohaveavailableaclassofcellsthatcangrowcontinuallyincellculture培养.Ifweformahybrid混血儿thatcombinesthecharacteristicofimmortality永生withtheabilitytoproducethedesiredsubstancewewouldhaveineffectafactorytoproduceantibodiesthatworkaroundtheclock. Inmonoclonalantibodytechnologytumorcellsthatcanreplicate重复endlesslyarefusedwithmammaliancellsthatproduceanantibody.Theresultofthiscellfusionisahybridoma杂交瘤whichwillcontinuallyproduceantibodies.Theseantibodiesarecalledmonoclonalbecausetheycomefromonlyonetypeofcellthehybridomacell;antibodiesproducedbyconventionalmethodsontheotherhandarederivedfrompreparationscontainingmanykindsofcellsandhencearecalledpolyclonal.Anexampleofhowmonoclonalantibodiesarederivedisdescribedbelow. Amyelomaisatumorofthebonemarrow骨髓thatcanbeadaptedtogrowpermanendyincellculture.Whenmyelomacellswerefusedwithantibody-producingmammalianspleencellsitwasfoundthattheresultinghybridcellsorhybridomasproducedlargeamountsofmonoclonal骨髓瘤antibody.Thisproductofcellfusioncombinedthedesiredqualitiesofthetwodifferenttypesofcells:theabilitytogrowcontinuallyandtheabilitytoproducelargeamountsofpureantibody. Becauseselectedhybridcellsproduceonlyonespecificantibodytheyaremorepurethanthepolyclonalantibodiesproducedbyconventionaltechniques.Theyarepotentiallymoreeffectivethanconventionaldrugsinfightingdiseasesincedrugsattacknotonlytheforeignsubstancebutthebody’sowncellsaswellsometimesproducingundesirablesideeffectssuchasnausea恶心andallergicreactions.Monoclonalantibodiesattackthetargetmoleculeandonlythetargetmoleculewithnoorgreatlydiminishedsideeffects. Thepolyclonalantibodiesaredifferentfromthemonoclonalonesinallthefollowingwaysexceptthat______.
Hehadanincreasingly{{U}}uneasy{{/U}}feelingabouthisanswertothequestion.
Language Whenmostofusthinkaboutlanguagewethinkfirstaboutwords.Thusthehardestpartoflearningaforeignlanguagemayseemtobememorizing【51】vocabulary;whenweobserveachildfirstacquiringspeechwetalkofhisprogress【52】amatteroflearningnewwords.Wearealso【53】tofeelthattheadultspeakerwiththelargestvocabularyhasthebest【54】ofEnglish.Tothink【55】alanguageasjustastockofwordsis【56】quitewrong.Wordsalonedonot【57】alanguage;agrammaris【58】tocombinetheminsomeintelligibleway.Moreoverwordsarerelativelyeasytolearnandindeedallofusgo【59】learningthemallour【60】.Theyarealsothe【61】stablepartoflanguage.Wordscomeinto【62】changetheirpronunciationsandmeaningsanddisappearcompletelyallwithcomparativeease.Yetitistruethatthe【63】isfocusoflanguage.Itisinwords【64】soundsandmeaningsinterlocktoallowusto【65】withoneanotheranditiswordsthatwearrangetogethertomakesentencesconversationsanddiscourseofallkinds.Thuswehaveaparadoxinthatthemostshort-livedpartoflanguageisalsothecentrewheremeaningpronunciationandgrammarcometogether.
OldMothers’ChildrenHaveHigherDiabetes糖尿病Risk Childrenofoldermothersrunahigherriskofdevelopinginsulin-dependent胰岛素依赖型的diabetestheBritishMedicalJournalsaid.Astrongassociationwasfoundbetweenincreasingmaternal母亲的ageatdeliveryandriskofinsulin-dependentdiabetesinthechild.RiskwashighestinfirstbornchildrenanddecreasedprogressivelywithhigherbirthorderProfessorEdwinGaleandcolleaguesatSouthmeadHospitalinBristolsaid.Diabetesisaseriousincurablelifelongdiseasecharacterized以......作为特性byallinabilitytocontroltheamountofsugarintheblood.Insulin-dependentdiabeteswhichmainlyaffectschildrenistreatedbyadministeringthehormoneinsulin.Galelookedinto1375familiesintheOxfordareawhereoneormorechildrenhaddiabetesandfoundthattheriskofachilddevelopinginsulin-dependentdiabetesincreasedby25percentforeachfive-yearbandofthemothersage. Theriskofdevelopingdiabeteswasalsolinkedtotheageofthefather.Foreveryfive-yearbandofthefather’’sagetheriskofthechilddevelopingdiabetesincreasedbyninepercent.Theriskofdiabeteswashigh?estamongthefirstbornchildrenofmotherswhostartedtheirfamilieslateandtheriskdecreasedbyabout15percentforeachsubsequentchildtheBMJsaid.Theolderthemothertheearlierthestartofinsulin-dependentdiabetesinthechild.Otherstudieshavealreadyshownthatchildrenborntooldermothersovertheageof35haveanincreasedriskofdiabetesbutthisstudyisthefirsttoestablishthatriskincreasescontinuouslyinrelationtoincreasingmaternalageDr.PollyBingleyofSouthmeadHospitaltoldReuters路透社.Thenewstudyisthefirsttoshowthatriskisrelatedtobirthorder. Thestudyalsopartlyexplainsincreasingdiabetes.Between1970and1996theproportionofchildrenborntomothersagedbetween30and34increasedto28percentfrom15percentandthiscouldaccountforrisingnumbersofchildhooddiabetespatientsthescientistssaidinthealarmingincreaseintherateofinsulin-dependentdiabetesamongchildreninrecentyears.Thisstudymaywellprovideacluetotheunderstandingofthisproblem.ItismostlikelythatthereareanumberoffactorstoexplaintheincreaseDiabetesUKsaid.Therearesome1.4milliondiagnoseddiabetessufferersinBritainthecharityDiabetesUKsaid.Ofthese1.4millionsufferersthereare20000peopleunderage20whosufferfrominsulin-dependentdiabetes. Accordingtothepassagetheriskofachilddevelopinginsulin-dependentdiabetesislinkedtoallthefollowingfactorsEXCEPT______.
Vending Vendingissuchanup-to-dateconceptinprovidingproductswhereandwhencustomerswantthemthatitishardtobelievethatitmadeitsfirstappearanceinEgyptianTemplesbackin215B.C. Vendinghasbenefitedfromthatlonghistoryandisnowpoisedtomeettheneedsofthe21stcenturyconsumer. Currentdaypressuresmeanthatwearealltime-starvedandthereadyavailabilityofadrinkandasnackattherighttemperaturejustwherewewant.Itistheconvenientluxurythathelpstokeepstressatbayandprovidesafewmoreminutesatthedeskorinthegym. Atworkthoseextraminutesspentmakingteaorcoffeebyhandreallyaddup.ResearchconductedbytheNOPNationalOpinionPollfortheAssociationshowedthattheaveragetimespentonthisbyemployeesoverandaboveformallunchandteabreaksis45minutesperday.Thatequatestoafirmemploying50peoplelosingupto37maneverydayarealholeinproductivity! It’’snotjustintheworkplacethoughthatthebenefitsofvendingcanbeenjoyed.Moreandmoremajorhouseholdbrandsareseeingvendingasanidealroutetothecustomerfortheirproductsbecausethevendingmachinecanbetrustedtobereadytoservewheneverthereisademand.Machinesarenowfamiliarsightsatairportsgarageforecourtsleisuresitesrailwaystationsandanywhereelsethatpeoplegatherallowingconsumerstoputtogetheraninstantpicnic. It’’snosurprisethereforethatconsumersarecurrentlyspendingattherateofsome￡1billionperyearthroughtheslotsofvendingmachinesnowthat10milliondrinksarevendedintocupseveryday. Vendingmachinescannowbeseen______.
OldMothers’ChildrenHaveHigherDiabetes糖尿病Risk Childrenofoldermothersrunahigherriskofdevelopinginsulin-dependent胰岛素依赖型的diabetestheBritishMedicalJournalsaid.Astrongassociationwasfoundbetweenincreasingmaternal母亲的ageatdeliveryandriskofinsulin-dependentdiabetesinthechild.RiskwashighestinfirstbornchildrenanddecreasedprogressivelywithhigherbirthorderProfessorEdwinGaleandcolleaguesatSouthmeadHospitalinBristolsaid.Diabetesisaseriousincurablelifelongdiseasecharacterized以......作为特性byallinabilitytocontroltheamountofsugarintheblood.Insulin-dependentdiabeteswhichmainlyaffectschildrenistreatedbyadministeringthehormoneinsulin.Galelookedinto1375familiesintheOxfordareawhereoneormorechildrenhaddiabetesandfoundthattheriskofachilddevelopinginsulin-dependentdiabetesincreasedby25percentforeachfive-yearbandofthemothersage. Theriskofdevelopingdiabeteswasalsolinkedtotheageofthefather.Foreveryfive-yearbandofthefather’’sagetheriskofthechilddevelopingdiabetesincreasedbyninepercent.Theriskofdiabeteswashigh?estamongthefirstbornchildrenofmotherswhostartedtheirfamilieslateandtheriskdecreasedbyabout15percentforeachsubsequentchildtheBMJsaid.Theolderthemothertheearlierthestartofinsulin-dependentdiabetesinthechild.Otherstudieshavealreadyshownthatchildrenborntooldermothersovertheageof35haveanincreasedriskofdiabetesbutthisstudyisthefirsttoestablishthatriskincreasescontinuouslyinrelationtoincreasingmaternalageDr.PollyBingleyofSouthmeadHospitaltoldReuters路透社.Thenewstudyisthefirsttoshowthatriskisrelatedtobirthorder. Thestudyalsopartlyexplainsincreasingdiabetes.Between1970and1996theproportionofchildrenborntomothersagedbetween30and34increasedto28percentfrom15percentandthiscouldaccountforrisingnumbersofchildhooddiabetespatientsthescientistssaidinthealarmingincreaseintherateofinsulin-dependentdiabetesamongchildreninrecentyears.Thisstudymaywellprovideacluetotheunderstandingofthisproblem.ItismostlikelythatthereareanumberoffactorstoexplaintheincreaseDiabetesUKsaid.Therearesome1.4milliondiagnoseddiabetessufferersinBritainthecharityDiabetesUKsaid.Ofthese1.4millionsufferersthereare20000peopleunderage20whosufferfrominsulin-dependentdiabetes. HowmanydiagnoseddiabetespatientsarethereinBritain?
SincetheGreatDepressiontheUnitedStatesgovernmenthasprotectedfarmersfrom{{U}}damaging{{/U}}dropsingrainprices.
Ourpublictransportationisnotsufficientfortheneedofthepeopleinourmajorcities.
OnAntibodies Substancesforeigntothebodysuchasdisease-causingbacteriaandvirusesandotherinfectiousagentsarerecognizedbythebodysimmunesystemasinvaders.Ournaturaldefensesagainsttheseinfectiousagentsareantibodiesproteinsthatseekouttheantigens抗原andhelpdestroythem. Antibodieshavetwoveryusefulcharacteristics.Firsttheyareextremelyspecific;thatiseachantibodybindstoandattacksoneparticularantigen.Secondsomeantibodiesonceactivatedbytheoccurrenceofadiseasecontinuetoconferresistanceagainstthatdisease.Classicexamplearetheantibodiestothechildhooddiseasesofchickenpox水痘andmeasles. Thesecondcharacteristicofantibodiesmakesitpossibletodevelopvaccines.Avaccine痘苗isapreparationofkilledorweakenedbacteriaorvirusesthatwhenintroducedintothebodystimulatestheproductionofantibodiesagainsttheantigensitcontains. Itisthefirsttraitofantibodiestheirspecificitythatmakesmonoclonalantibodytechnologysovaluable.Notonlycanantibodiesbeusedtherapeutically在治疗上toprotectagainstdisease;theycanalsohelpto.diagnoseawidevarietyofillnessesandcandetectthepresenceofdrugsviralandbacterialproductsandotherunusualorabnormalsubstancesintheblood. Givensuchadiversityofusesforthesediseased-fightingsubstancestheirproductioninpurequantitieshaslongbeenthefocusofscientificinvestigation.Theconventionalmethodwastoinjectalaboratoryanimalwithanantigenandthenafterantibodieshadbeenformedcollectthoseantibodiesfromthebloodserum血清Antibodycontainingbloodserumiscalledantiserum抗血清.Therearetwoproblemswiththismethod:Ityieldsantiserumthatcontainsundesiredsubstancesanditprovidesaverysmallamountofusableantibody. Monoclonalantibodytechnologyallowsustoproducelargeamountsofpureantibodies.inthefollowingway:wecanobtaincellsthatproduceantibodiesnaturally;wealsohaveavailableaclassofcellsthatcangrowcontinuallyincellculture培养.Ifweformahybrid混血儿thatcombinesthecharacteristicofimmortality永生withtheabilitytoproducethedesiredsubstancewewouldhaveineffectafactorytoproduceantibodiesthatworkaroundtheclock. Inmonoclonalantibodytechnologytumorcellsthatcanreplicate重复endlesslyarefusedwithmammaliancellsthatproduceanantibody.Theresultofthiscellfusionisahybridoma杂交瘤whichwillcontinuallyproduceantibodies.Theseantibodiesarecalledmonoclonalbecausetheycomefromonlyonetypeofcellthehybridomacell;antibodiesproducedbyconventionalmethodsontheotherhandarederivedfrompreparationscontainingmanykindsofcellsandhencearecalledpolyclonal.Anexampleofhowmonoclonalantibodiesarederivedisdescribedbelow. Amyelomaisatumorofthebonemarrow骨髓thatcanbeadaptedtogrowpermanendyincellculture.Whenmyelomacellswerefusedwithantibody-producingmammalianspleencellsitwasfoundthattheresultinghybridcellsorhybridomasproducedlargeamountsofmonoclonal骨髓瘤antibody.Thisproductofcellfusioncombinedthedesiredqualitiesofthetwodifferenttypesofcells:theabilitytogrowcontinuallyandtheabilitytoproducelargeamountsofpureantibody. Becauseselectedhybridcellsproduceonlyonespecificantibodytheyaremorepurethanthepolyclonalantibodiesproducedbyconventionaltechniques.Theyarepotentiallymoreeffectivethanconventionaldrugsinfightingdiseasesincedrugsattacknotonlytheforeignsubstancebutthebody’sowncellsaswellsometimesproducingundesirablesideeffectssuchasnausea恶心andallergicreactions.Monoclonalantibodiesattackthetargetmoleculeandonlythetargetmoleculewithnoorgreatlydiminishedsideeffects. Allthefollowingstatementsaboutantibodiesaretrueexcept______.
His{{U}}motive{{/U}}incomingwastofindoutthetruth.
Language Whenmostofusthinkaboutlanguagewethinkfirstaboutwords.Thusthehardestpartoflearningaforeignlanguagemayseemtobememorizing【51】vocabulary;whenweobserveachildfirstacquiringspeechwetalkofhisprogress【52】amatteroflearningnewwords.Wearealso【53】tofeelthattheadultspeakerwiththelargestvocabularyhasthebest【54】ofEnglish.Tothink【55】alanguageasjustastockofwordsis【56】quitewrong.Wordsalonedonot【57】alanguage;agrammaris【58】tocombinetheminsomeintelligibleway.Moreoverwordsarerelativelyeasytolearnandindeedallofusgo【59】learningthemallour【60】.Theyarealsothe【61】stablepartoflanguage.Wordscomeinto【62】changetheirpronunciationsandmeaningsanddisappearcompletelyallwithcomparativeease.Yetitistruethatthe【63】isfocusoflanguage.Itisinwords【64】soundsandmeaningsinterlocktoallowusto【65】withoneanotheranditiswordsthatwearrangetogethertomakesentencesconversationsanddiscourseofallkinds.Thuswehaveaparadoxinthatthemostshort-livedpartoflanguageisalsothecentrewheremeaningpronunciationandgrammarcometogether.
Language Whenmostofusthinkaboutlanguagewethinkfirstaboutwords.Thusthehardestpartoflearningaforeignlanguagemayseemtobememorizing【51】vocabulary;whenweobserveachildfirstacquiringspeechwetalkofhisprogress【52】amatteroflearningnewwords.Wearealso【53】tofeelthattheadultspeakerwiththelargestvocabularyhasthebest【54】ofEnglish.Tothink【55】alanguageasjustastockofwordsis【56】quitewrong.Wordsalonedonot【57】alanguage;agrammaris【58】tocombinetheminsomeintelligibleway.Moreoverwordsarerelativelyeasytolearnandindeedallofusgo【59】learningthemallour【60】.Theyarealsothe【61】stablepartoflanguage.Wordscomeinto【62】changetheirpronunciationsandmeaningsanddisappearcompletelyallwithcomparativeease.Yetitistruethatthe【63】isfocusoflanguage.Itisinwords【64】soundsandmeaningsinterlocktoallowusto【65】withoneanotheranditiswordsthatwearrangetogethertomakesentencesconversationsanddiscourseofallkinds.Thuswehaveaparadoxinthatthemostshort-livedpartoflanguageisalsothecentrewheremeaningpronunciationandgrammarcometogether.
An{{U}}exhaustive{{/U}}investigationofthefactsprovesthecontrary.
Heissureofthecomingofinvestmentboomafteradoptingthenewinvestmentpolicies.
Colorchangesinchameleonsseemtobecausedbyenvironmentaltemperatureaswellasbyotherexternalstimuli.
Vending Vendingissuchanup-to-dateconceptinprovidingproductswhereandwhencustomerswantthemthatitishardtobelievethatitmadeitsfirstappearanceinEgyptianTemplesbackin215B.C. Vendinghasbenefitedfromthatlonghistoryandisnowpoisedtomeettheneedsofthe21stcenturyconsumer. Currentdaypressuresmeanthatwearealltime-starvedandthereadyavailabilityofadrinkandasnackattherighttemperaturejustwherewewant.Itistheconvenientluxurythathelpstokeepstressatbayandprovidesafewmoreminutesatthedeskorinthegym. Atworkthoseextraminutesspentmakingteaorcoffeebyhandreallyaddup.ResearchconductedbytheNOPNationalOpinionPollfortheAssociationshowedthattheaveragetimespentonthisbyemployeesoverandaboveformallunchandteabreaksis45minutesperday.Thatequatestoafirmemploying50peoplelosingupto37maneverydayarealholeinproductivity! It’’snotjustintheworkplacethoughthatthebenefitsofvendingcanbeenjoyed.Moreandmoremajorhouseholdbrandsareseeingvendingasanidealroutetothecustomerfortheirproductsbecausethevendingmachinecanbetrustedtobereadytoservewheneverthereisademand.Machinesarenowfamiliarsightsatairportsgarageforecourtsleisuresitesrailwaystationsandanywhereelsethatpeoplegatherallowingconsumerstoputtogetheraninstantpicnic. It’’snosurprisethereforethatconsumersarecurrentlyspendingattherateofsome￡1billionperyearthroughtheslotsofvendingmachinesnowthat10milliondrinksarevendedintocupseveryday. Oneoftheadvantagesofvendingisthat______.
Language Whenmostofusthinkaboutlanguagewethinkfirstaboutwords.Thusthehardestpartoflearningaforeignlanguagemayseemtobememorizing【51】vocabulary;whenweobserveachildfirstacquiringspeechwetalkofhisprogress【52】amatteroflearningnewwords.Wearealso【53】tofeelthattheadultspeakerwiththelargestvocabularyhasthebest【54】ofEnglish.Tothink【55】alanguageasjustastockofwordsis【56】quitewrong.Wordsalonedonot【57】alanguage;agrammaris【58】tocombinetheminsomeintelligibleway.Moreoverwordsarerelativelyeasytolearnandindeedallofusgo【59】learningthemallour【60】.Theyarealsothe【61】stablepartoflanguage.Wordscomeinto【62】changetheirpronunciationsandmeaningsanddisappearcompletelyallwithcomparativeease.Yetitistruethatthe【63】isfocusoflanguage.Itisinwords【64】soundsandmeaningsinterlocktoallowusto【65】withoneanotheranditiswordsthatwearrangetogethertomakesentencesconversationsanddiscourseofallkinds.Thuswehaveaparadoxinthatthemostshort-livedpartoflanguageisalsothecentrewheremeaningpronunciationandgrammarcometogether.
TheAttitudeForComputers AsDr.SamuelJohnsonsaidinadifferenteraaboutladiespreachingthesurprisingthingaboutcomputersisnotthattheythinklesswellthanamanbutthattheythinkatall.Theearlyelectroniccomputerdidnothavemuchgoingforitexceptamarvelousmemoryandsomegoodmathskills.Buttodaythebestmodelscanbewireduptolearnbyexperiencefollowanargumentaskproperquestionsandwritepoetryandmusic.Theycanalsocarryonsomewhatpuzzlingconversations. Computersimitatelife.Ascomputersgetmorecompletetheimitationgetsbetter.Finallythelinebetweentheoriginalandthecopybecomesunclear.Inanother15yearsorsowewillseethecomputerasanewformoflife. Theopinionseemsridiculousbecauseforonethingcomputerslackthedrivesandemotionsoflivingcreatures.Butdrivescanbeprogrammedintothecomputer’’sbrainjustasnatureprogrammedthemintoourhumanbrainsasapartoftheequipmentforsurvival. Computersmatchpeopleinsomerolesandwhenfastdecisionsareneededinacrisistheyoftensurpassthem.Havingevolvedwhenthepaceoflifewasslowerthehumanbrainhasaninherentdefectthatpreventsitfromabsorbingseveralstreamsofinformationsimultaneouslyandactingonthemquickly.Throwtoomanythingsatthebrainatonetimeanditfreezesup. Wearestillincontrolbutthecapabilitiesofcomputersareincreasingatafantasticratewhilerawhumanintelligenceischangingslowlyifatall.Computerpowerhasincreasedtentimeseveryeightyearssince1946.Inthe1990swhenthesixthgenerationappearsthereasoningpowerofanintelligencebuiltoutofsiliconwillbegintomatchthatofthehumanbrain. Thatdoesnotmeantheevolutionofintelligencehasendedontheearth.Judgingbythepastwecanexpectthatanewspecieswillariseoutofmansurpassinghisachievementsashehassurpassedthoseofhispredecessor.Onlyacarbonchemistryenthusiastwouldassumethatthespeciesmustbeman’’sflesh-and-blooddescendants.Thenewkindofintelligentlifeismorelikelytobemadeofsilicon. Somedayitwillbedifficulttotellacomputerfromaman.
Language Whenmostofusthinkaboutlanguagewethinkfirstaboutwords.Thusthehardestpartoflearningaforeignlanguagemayseemtobememorizing【51】vocabulary;whenweobserveachildfirstacquiringspeechwetalkofhisprogress【52】amatteroflearningnewwords.Wearealso【53】tofeelthattheadultspeakerwiththelargestvocabularyhasthebest【54】ofEnglish.Tothink【55】alanguageasjustastockofwordsis【56】quitewrong.Wordsalonedonot【57】alanguage;agrammaris【58】tocombinetheminsomeintelligibleway.Moreoverwordsarerelativelyeasytolearnandindeedallofusgo【59】learningthemallour【60】.Theyarealsothe【61】stablepartoflanguage.Wordscomeinto【62】changetheirpronunciationsandmeaningsanddisappearcompletelyallwithcomparativeease.Yetitistruethatthe【63】isfocusoflanguage.Itisinwords【64】soundsandmeaningsinterlocktoallowusto【65】withoneanotheranditiswordsthatwearrangetogethertomakesentencesconversationsanddiscourseofallkinds.Thuswehaveaparadoxinthatthemostshort-livedpartoflanguageisalsothecentrewheremeaningpronunciationandgrammarcometogether.
Wewere{{U}}astonished{{/U}}tohearthattheirfootballteamhadwonthechampion.
Language Whenmostofusthinkaboutlanguagewethinkfirstaboutwords.Thusthehardestpartoflearningaforeignlanguagemayseemtobememorizing【51】vocabulary;whenweobserveachildfirstacquiringspeechwetalkofhisprogress【52】amatteroflearningnewwords.Wearealso【53】tofeelthattheadultspeakerwiththelargestvocabularyhasthebest【54】ofEnglish.Tothink【55】alanguageasjustastockofwordsis【56】quitewrong.Wordsalonedonot【57】alanguage;agrammaris【58】tocombinetheminsomeintelligibleway.Moreoverwordsarerelativelyeasytolearnandindeedallofusgo【59】learningthemallour【60】.Theyarealsothe【61】stablepartoflanguage.Wordscomeinto【62】changetheirpronunciationsandmeaningsanddisappearcompletelyallwithcomparativeease.Yetitistruethatthe【63】isfocusoflanguage.Itisinwords【64】soundsandmeaningsinterlocktoallowusto【65】withoneanotheranditiswordsthatwearrangetogethertomakesentencesconversationsanddiscourseofallkinds.Thuswehaveaparadoxinthatthemostshort-livedpartoflanguageisalsothecentrewheremeaningpronunciationandgrammarcometogether.
Language Whenmostofusthinkaboutlanguagewethinkfirstaboutwords.Thusthehardestpartoflearningaforeignlanguagemayseemtobememorizing【51】vocabulary;whenweobserveachildfirstacquiringspeechwetalkofhisprogress【52】amatteroflearningnewwords.Wearealso【53】tofeelthattheadultspeakerwiththelargestvocabularyhasthebest【54】ofEnglish.Tothink【55】alanguageasjustastockofwordsis【56】quitewrong.Wordsalonedonot【57】alanguage;agrammaris【58】tocombinetheminsomeintelligibleway.Moreoverwordsarerelativelyeasytolearnandindeedallofusgo【59】learningthemallour【60】.Theyarealsothe【61】stablepartoflanguage.Wordscomeinto【62】changetheirpronunciationsandmeaningsanddisappearcompletelyallwithcomparativeease.Yetitistruethatthe【63】isfocusoflanguage.Itisinwords【64】soundsandmeaningsinterlocktoallowusto【65】withoneanotheranditiswordsthatwearrangetogethertomakesentencesconversationsanddiscourseofallkinds.Thuswehaveaparadoxinthatthemostshort-livedpartoflanguageisalsothecentrewheremeaningpronunciationandgrammarcometogether.
Ithinkthisisadeliberateinsult.
OldMothers’ChildrenHaveHigherDiabetes糖尿病Risk Childrenofoldermothersrunahigherriskofdevelopinginsulin-dependent胰岛素依赖型的diabetestheBritishMedicalJournalsaid.Astrongassociationwasfoundbetweenincreasingmaternal母亲的ageatdeliveryandriskofinsulin-dependentdiabetesinthechild.RiskwashighestinfirstbornchildrenanddecreasedprogressivelywithhigherbirthorderProfessorEdwinGaleandcolleaguesatSouthmeadHospitalinBristolsaid.Diabetesisaseriousincurablelifelongdiseasecharacterized以......作为特性byallinabilitytocontroltheamountofsugarintheblood.Insulin-dependentdiabeteswhichmainlyaffectschildrenistreatedbyadministeringthehormoneinsulin.Galelookedinto1375familiesintheOxfordareawhereoneormorechildrenhaddiabetesandfoundthattheriskofachilddevelopinginsulin-dependentdiabetesincreasedby25percentforeachfive-yearbandofthemothersage. Theriskofdevelopingdiabeteswasalsolinkedtotheageofthefather.Foreveryfive-yearbandofthefather’’sagetheriskofthechilddevelopingdiabetesincreasedbyninepercent.Theriskofdiabeteswashigh?estamongthefirstbornchildrenofmotherswhostartedtheirfamilieslateandtheriskdecreasedbyabout15percentforeachsubsequentchildtheBMJsaid.Theolderthemothertheearlierthestartofinsulin-dependentdiabetesinthechild.Otherstudieshavealreadyshownthatchildrenborntooldermothersovertheageof35haveanincreasedriskofdiabetesbutthisstudyisthefirsttoestablishthatriskincreasescontinuouslyinrelationtoincreasingmaternalageDr.PollyBingleyofSouthmeadHospitaltoldReuters路透社.Thenewstudyisthefirsttoshowthatriskisrelatedtobirthorder. Thestudyalsopartlyexplainsincreasingdiabetes.Between1970and1996theproportionofchildrenborntomothersagedbetween30and34increasedto28percentfrom15percentandthiscouldaccountforrisingnumbersofchildhooddiabetespatientsthescientistssaidinthealarmingincreaseintherateofinsulin-dependentdiabetesamongchildreninrecentyears.Thisstudymaywellprovideacluetotheunderstandingofthisproblem.ItismostlikelythatthereareanumberoffactorstoexplaintheincreaseDiabetesUKsaid.Therearesome1.4milliondiagnoseddiabetessufferersinBritainthecharityDiabetesUKsaid.Ofthese1.4millionsufferersthereare20000peopleunderage20whosufferfrominsulin-dependentdiabetes. Whatisthecorrelationbetweenthemother’sageandthetimewhenthechilddevelopsinsulin-dependentdiabetes?
TheAttitudeForComputers AsDr.SamuelJohnsonsaidinadifferenteraaboutladiespreachingthesurprisingthingaboutcomputersisnotthattheythinklesswellthanamanbutthattheythinkatall.Theearlyelectroniccomputerdidnothavemuchgoingforitexceptamarvelousmemoryandsomegoodmathskills.Buttodaythebestmodelscanbewireduptolearnbyexperiencefollowanargumentaskproperquestionsandwritepoetryandmusic.Theycanalsocarryonsomewhatpuzzlingconversations. Computersimitatelife.Ascomputersgetmorecompletetheimitationgetsbetter.Finallythelinebetweentheoriginalandthecopybecomesunclear.Inanother15yearsorsowewillseethecomputerasanewformoflife. Theopinionseemsridiculousbecauseforonethingcomputerslackthedrivesandemotionsoflivingcreatures.Butdrivescanbeprogrammedintothecomputer’’sbrainjustasnatureprogrammedthemintoourhumanbrainsasapartoftheequipmentforsurvival. Computersmatchpeopleinsomerolesandwhenfastdecisionsareneededinacrisistheyoftensurpassthem.Havingevolvedwhenthepaceoflifewasslowerthehumanbrainhasaninherentdefectthatpreventsitfromabsorbingseveralstreamsofinformationsimultaneouslyandactingonthemquickly.Throwtoomanythingsatthebrainatonetimeanditfreezesup. Wearestillincontrolbutthecapabilitiesofcomputersareincreasingatafantasticratewhilerawhumanintelligenceischangingslowlyifatall.Computerpowerhasincreasedtentimeseveryeightyearssince1946.Inthe1990swhenthesixthgenerationappearsthereasoningpowerofanintelligencebuiltoutofsiliconwillbegintomatchthatofthehumanbrain. Thatdoesnotmeantheevolutionofintelligencehasendedontheearth.Judgingbythepastwecanexpectthatanewspecieswillariseoutofmansurpassinghisachievementsashehassurpassedthoseofhispredecessor.Onlyacarbonchemistryenthusiastwouldassumethatthespeciesmustbeman’’sflesh-and-blooddescendants.Thenewkindofintelligentlifeismorelikelytobemadeofsilicon. Futuremanwillbemadeofsiliconinsteadoffleshandblood.
Starfishclingtostonesbythesuctionoftheirinnumerabletubefeet.
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