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Robotic Highway Cones A University of Nebraska professor has developed robotic cones and barr...
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RoboticHighwayCones??AUniversityofNebraskaprofesso
—Whattimeshallweleavefortheairport?—It'sfoggytoday
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It will take some time before robotic drivers can be put to practical use．
Robotic drivers are not allowed to drive on busy roads．
Robotic drivers can never replace human drivers．
Robotic drivers are too expensive to use．
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ADHDLinkedtoAirPollutants Childrenhaveanincreasedofattentionproblemsseenasearlyasgradeschool.Iftheirnosesinhaled吸入acertaintypeofairpollutionwhentheywerepregnant.That’sthefindingofanewstudy.Releasedwhenthingsaren’tburnedcompletelythispollutionisknownaspolycyclicaromatichydrocarbonsorPAHs.ThebiggestsourcesofthesePAHs:theburningoffossilfuelswoodandtrash. FredericaPereraworksatColumbiaUniversity’sMailmanSchoolofPublicHealthisNewYorkCity.Sheresearcheshowexposuretothingsintheenvironmentaffectschildren’shealthinanewstudysheandherteamstudiedtheexposuretoairpollutionof233nonsmokingpregnantwomeninNewYorkCity.Becauseburningtobaccocanspew排放PAHsintotheairandlungsPerera’steamfocusedonnonsmokers.Theresearcherswantedtoprobe探查othersourcesofPAHsonesthat’swouldhavebeenhardforanindividualtoavoid. Theteamstartedbytestingthebloodofeachwomanduringpregnancy.ThereasonAnyPAHsinawoman’sbloodwouldalsobeavailabletothebabyinherwomb.Nineyearslatertheresearchersinvestigatedsignsofattentionproblemsinthosechildrennowage9.Theyaskedeachchild’smotheraseriesofquestions.Theseincludedwhateverherchildhadproblemsdoingthingsthatneededsustained长期的mentaleffortsuchashomeworkorgameswithfriends.Thescientistsalsoaskedifthekidshadtroublefollowinginstructionsormadefrequentcarelessmistakes.AllofthesecanbesymptomsofadisordercalledAttentionDeficitHyperactivityDisorderorADHD.AboutoneinU.S.childrenhasADHD. AmongthewomenstudiedtrafficandhomeheatingweretheprimarysourcesofairpollutionexposurePereraandherteamsuspect.SomeofthesewomenhadlowlevelsofPAHsintheirblood.Ohtershadhighlevels.Thosewithhighlevelswerefivetimesaslikelytohavechildrenwhoshowedattentionproblemsbyage9.ThenewfindingswerepublishedNovember5inthejournalPLOSONE. NonsmokingmotherswereselectedbecausetheeffectofsmokingonPAHswasunclear.
{{*HTML*}}{{B}}第三篇{{/B}} ??????? ??????????? ??{{B}}UndergroundCoalFires--aLoomingCatastrophe{{/B}}? ?CoalburningdeepundergroundinChinaIndiaandIndonesiaisthreatening theenvironmentandhumanlifescientistshavewarned.Theselarge-scale undergroundblazescausethegroundtemperaturetoheatupandkillsurrounding vegetationproducegreenhousegasesandcanevenigniteforestfiresapanel ofscientiststoldtheannualmeetingoftheAmericanAssociationforthe AdvancementofScienceinDenver.Theresultingreleaseofpoisonouselements likearsenicandmercurycanalsopollutelocalwatersourcesandsoilsthey warned.??CoalfiresareaglobalcatastrophesaidAssociate ProfessorGlennStracherofEastGeorgiaCollegeinSwainsboroUSA.But surprisinglyfewpeopleknowaboutthem.??Coalcanheatuponits ownandeventuallycatchfireandburnifthereisacontinuousoxygensupply. Theheatproducedisnotcausedtodisappearandundertherightcombinationsof sunlightandoxygencantriggerspontaneouscatchingfireandburning.Thiscan occurundergroundincoalstockpilesabandonedminesorevenascoalis transported.SuchfiresinChinaconsumeupto200milliontonesofcoalper yeardelegatesweretold.IncomparisontheU.S.economyconsumesaboutone billiontonesofcoalannuallysaidStracherwhoseanalysisofthelikely impactofcoalfireshasbeenacceptedforpublicationintheInternational JournalofCoalEcology.Onceunderwaycoalfirescanbumfordecadeseven centuries.Intheprocesstheyreleaselargevolumesofgreenhousegases poisonousfumesandblackparticlesintotheatmosphere.??The membersofthepaneldiscussedtheimpactthesefiresmaybehavingonglobal andregionalclimatechangeandagreedthattheundergroundnatureofthefires makesthemdifficulttodetect.OneofthemembersofthepanelAssistant ProfessorPaulVanDijkoftheInternationalInstituteforGeo-Information ScienceandEarthObservationintheNetherlandshasbeenworkingwiththe Chinesegovernmenttodetectandmonitorfiresinthenorthernregionsofthe country.??Ultimatelytheremotesensingandothertechniques shouldallowscientiststoestimatehowmuchcarbondioxidethesefiresare emitting.OnesuggestedmethodofcontainingthefireswaspresentedbyGary ColaizzioftheengineeringfirmGoodsonwhichhasdevelopedaheat-resistant groutathinmortarusedtofillcracksandcreviceswhichisdesignedtobe pumpedintothecoalfiretocutofftheoxygen supply.WhatdidStracheranalyzeinhisarticlepublishedintheInternationalJournalofCoalEcology?
{{*HTML*}}阅读下面的短文文章中有5处空白文章后面有6组文字请根据文章的内容选择5组文字将其分别放回文章原有位置以恢复文章原貌 ?????????? ??????????? ???{{B}}WatchingMicrocurrentsFlow{{/B}}??Wecan nowwatchelectricityasitflowsthrougheventhetiniestcircuits.Byscanning themagneticfieldgeneratedaselectriccurrentsflowthroughobjects physicistshavemanaged{{U}}?46?{{/U}}.Thetechnologywillallow manufacturerstoscanmicrochipsforfaultsaswellasrevealingmicroscopic defectsinanythingfromaircrafttobanknotes.??GangXiaoand BenSchragatBrownUniversityinProvidenceRhodeIslandvisualizethe currentbymeasuringsubtlechangesinthemagneticfieldofanobjectand {{U}}?47?{{/U}}??Theirsensorisadaptedfroman existingpieceoftechnologythatisusedtomeasurelargemagneticfieldsin computerharddrives.Weredesignedthemagneticsensortomakeitcapableof measuringveryweakchangesinmagneticfieldssaysXiao.??The resultingdeviceiscapableofdetectingacurrentasweakas10microamperes evenwhenthewireisburieddeepwithinachipanditshowsupfeaturesas smallas40nanometersacross.??Atpresentengineerslookingfor defectsinachiphavetopeeloffthelayersandexaminethecircuitsvisually; thisisoneoftheobstacles{{U}}?48?{{/U}}.Butthenewmagnetic microscopeissensitiveenoughtolookinsidechipsandrevealfaultssuchas shortcircuitsnicksinthewiresorelectromigration--whereadenseareaof currentpicksupsurroundingatomsandmovesthemalong.Itislikewatchinga riverflowexplainsXiao.??Aswellasscanningtinycircuits themicroscopecanbeusedtorevealtheinternalstructureofanyobject capableofconductingelectricity.Forexampleitcouldlookdirectlyat microscopiccracksinanaeroplane’sfuselage{{U}}?49?{{/U}}.The techniquecannotyetpickupelectricalactivityinthehumanbrainbecausethe currentthereistoosmallbutXiaodoesn’truleitoutinthefuture.Ican neversayneverhesays.??Althoughtheresearchershaveonly justmadethetechnicaldetailsofthemicroscopepublicitisalreadyonsale fromelectronicscompanyMicroMagneticsinFallRiverMassachusetts.Itis currentlythesizeofarefrigeratorandtakesseveralminutestoscana circuitbutXiaoandSchragareworking{{U}}?50?{{/U}}.A.to shrinkittothesizeofadesktopcomputerandcutthescanningtimeto30 secondsB.tomakingchipsanysmallerC.totaketinychipswe requireD.topicturetheprogressofthecurrentsE.convertingthe informationintoacolorpictureshowingthedensityofcurrentateach pointF.faultsinthemetalstripofaforgedbanknoteorbacteriaina watersample
FirstImage-recognitionssoftware1DartmouthresearchersandtheircolleagueshavecreatedanartificialintelligencesoftwarethatusesphotostolocatedocumentsontheInternetwithfargreateraccuracythaneverbefore.2Thenewsystemwitchwastestedonphotosandisnowbeingappliedtovideosshowsforthefirsttimethatamachinelearningalgorithm运算法则forimagerecognitionandretrievalisaccurateandefficientienoughtoimprovelarge-scaledocumentsearchesonline.Thesystemusespixel像素datainimagesandpotentiallyvideo—ratherthanjusttext—tolocatedocuments.Itlearnstorecognizethepixelsassociatedwithasearchphrasebystudyingtheresultsfromtext-basedimagesearchengines.Theknowledgegleaned收集fromthoseresultscanthenbeappliedtootherphotoswithouttagsorcaptions图片说明makingformoreaccuratedocumentsearchresults.3"Overthelast30years"saysAssociateProfessorKorenzoTorresaniaco-authorofthestudy"thewebhasevolvedfromasmallcollectionofmostlytextdocumentstoamodernmassivefast-growingmultimediadatastetwherenearlyeverypageincludesmultiplepicturesofvideos.WhenapersonlooksataWebpageheimmediatelygetthegist主旨ofitbylookingatthepicturesinit.YetsruprisinglyallexistingpopularsearchenginesuchasGoogleorBingstripawaytheinformationcontainedinthephotosanduseexclusivelythetextofWedpagestoperformthedocumentretrieval.Ourstudyisthefirsttoshowthatmodernmachinevisionsystemsareaccurateandefficientenoughtomakeeffectiveuseoftheinformationcontainedinimagepixelstoimprovedocumentsearch"4Theresearchersdesignedandtestedamachinevisionsystem—atypeofartificialintelligencethatallowscomputerstolearnwithoutbeingexplicitlyprogrammed—thatextractssemantic语义的informationfrompixelsofphotosinWebpages.ThisinformationgisusedtoenrichthedescriptionoftheHTMLpageusedbysearchenginesfordocumentretrieval.Theresearcherstestedtheirapproachusingmorethan600searchqueries查询onadatabaseof50millionWedpages.Theyselectedthetext-retrievalsearchenginewiththebestperformanceandmodifiedittomakeuseoftheadditionalsemanticinformationextractedbytheirmethodfromthepicturesoftheWebpages.Theyfoundthtthisproduceda30percentimprovementinprecisionovertheoriginalsearchenginepurelybasedontext. Paragraph4.
Therewasasimultaneoustrialtakingplaceinthenextbuilding.
Theseproductsareinferiortothosewebroughtlastyear.
{{*HTML*}}阅读下面的短文文章中有5处空白文章后面有6组文字请根据文章的内容选择5组文字将其分别放回文章原有位置以恢复文章原貌 ?????????? ??????????? ???{{B}}WatchingMicrocurrentsFlow{{/B}}??Wecan nowwatchelectricityasitflowsthrougheventhetiniestcircuits.Byscanning themagneticfieldgeneratedaselectriccurrentsflowthroughobjects physicistshavemanaged{{U}}?46?{{/U}}.Thetechnologywillallow manufacturerstoscanmicrochipsforfaultsaswellasrevealingmicroscopic defectsinanythingfromaircrafttobanknotes.??GangXiaoand BenSchragatBrownUniversityinProvidenceRhodeIslandvisualizethe currentbymeasuringsubtlechangesinthemagneticfieldofanobjectand {{U}}?47?{{/U}}??Theirsensorisadaptedfroman existingpieceoftechnologythatisusedtomeasurelargemagneticfieldsin computerharddrives.Weredesignedthemagneticsensortomakeitcapableof measuringveryweakchangesinmagneticfieldssaysXiao.??The resultingdeviceiscapableofdetectingacurrentasweakas10microamperes evenwhenthewireisburieddeepwithinachipanditshowsupfeaturesas smallas40nanometersacross.??Atpresentengineerslookingfor defectsinachiphavetopeeloffthelayersandexaminethecircuitsvisually; thisisoneoftheobstacles{{U}}?48?{{/U}}.Butthenewmagnetic microscopeissensitiveenoughtolookinsidechipsandrevealfaultssuchas shortcircuitsnicksinthewiresorelectromigration--whereadenseareaof currentpicksupsurroundingatomsandmovesthemalong.Itislikewatchinga riverflowexplainsXiao.??Aswellasscanningtinycircuits themicroscopecanbeusedtorevealtheinternalstructureofanyobject capableofconductingelectricity.Forexampleitcouldlookdirectlyat microscopiccracksinanaeroplane’sfuselage{{U}}?49?{{/U}}.The techniquecannotyetpickupelectricalactivityinthehumanbrainbecausethe currentthereistoosmallbutXiaodoesn’truleitoutinthefuture.Ican neversayneverhesays.??Althoughtheresearchershaveonly justmadethetechnicaldetailsofthemicroscopepublicitisalreadyonsale fromelectronicscompanyMicroMagneticsinFallRiverMassachusetts.Itis currentlythesizeofarefrigeratorandtakesseveralminutestoscana circuitbutXiaoandSchragareworking{{U}}?50?{{/U}}.A.to shrinkittothesizeofadesktopcomputerandcutthescanningtimeto30 secondsB.tomakingchipsanysmallerC.totaketinychipswe requireD.topicturetheprogressofthecurrentsE.convertingthe informationintoacolorpictureshowingthedensityofcurrentateach pointF.faultsinthemetalstripofaforgedbanknoteorbacteriaina watersample
ADHDLinkedtoAirPollutants Childrenhaveanincreasedofattentionproblemsseenasearlyasgradeschool.Iftheirnosesinhaled吸入acertaintypeofairpollutionwhentheywerepregnant.That’sthefindingofanewstudy.Releasedwhenthingsaren’tburnedcompletelythispollutionisknownaspolycyclicaromatichydrocarbonsorPAHs.ThebiggestsourcesofthesePAHs:theburningoffossilfuelswoodandtrash. FredericaPereraworksatColumbiaUniversity’sMailmanSchoolofPublicHealthisNewYorkCity.Sheresearcheshowexposuretothingsintheenvironmentaffectschildren’shealthinanewstudysheandherteamstudiedtheexposuretoairpollutionof233nonsmokingpregnantwomeninNewYorkCity.Becauseburningtobaccocanspew排放PAHsintotheairandlungsPerera’steamfocusedonnonsmokers.Theresearcherswantedtoprobe探查othersourcesofPAHsonesthat’swouldhavebeenhardforanindividualtoavoid. Theteamstartedbytestingthebloodofeachwomanduringpregnancy.ThereasonAnyPAHsinawoman’sbloodwouldalsobeavailabletothebabyinherwomb.Nineyearslatertheresearchersinvestigatedsignsofattentionproblemsinthosechildrennowage9.Theyaskedeachchild’smotheraseriesofquestions.Theseincludedwhateverherchildhadproblemsdoingthingsthatneededsustained长期的mentaleffortsuchashomeworkorgameswithfriends.Thescientistsalsoaskedifthekidshadtroublefollowinginstructionsormadefrequentcarelessmistakes.AllofthesecanbesymptomsofadisordercalledAttentionDeficitHyperactivityDisorderorADHD.AboutoneinU.S.childrenhasADHD. AmongthewomenstudiedtrafficandhomeheatingweretheprimarysourcesofairpollutionexposurePereraandherteamsuspect.SomeofthesewomenhadlowlevelsofPAHsintheirblood.Ohtershadhighlevels.Thosewithhighlevelswerefivetimesaslikelytohavechildrenwhoshowedattentionproblemsbyage9.ThenewfindingswerepublishedNovember5inthejournalPLOSONE. TrafficandhomeheatingwereconsideredtobethebiggestsourcesofPAHsforthesubjectsintheresearch.
Hesaidsomeharshwordsabouthisbrother.
FirstImage-recognitionssoftware1DartmouthresearchersandtheircolleagueshavecreatedanartificialintelligencesoftwarethatusesphotostolocatedocumentsontheInternetwithfargreateraccuracythaneverbefore.2Thenewsystemwitchwastestedonphotosandisnowbeingappliedtovideosshowsforthefirsttimethatamachinelearningalgorithm运算法则forimagerecognitionandretrievalisaccurateandefficientienoughtoimprovelarge-scaledocumentsearchesonline.Thesystemusespixel像素datainimagesandpotentiallyvideo—ratherthanjusttext—tolocatedocuments.Itlearnstorecognizethepixelsassociatedwithasearchphrasebystudyingtheresultsfromtext-basedimagesearchengines.Theknowledgegleaned收集fromthoseresultscanthenbeappliedtootherphotoswithouttagsorcaptions图片说明makingformoreaccuratedocumentsearchresults.3"Overthelast30years"saysAssociateProfessorKorenzoTorresaniaco-authorofthestudy"thewebhasevolvedfromasmallcollectionofmostlytextdocumentstoamodernmassivefast-growingmultimediadatastetwherenearlyeverypageincludesmultiplepicturesofvideos.WhenapersonlooksataWebpageheimmediatelygetthegist主旨ofitbylookingatthepicturesinit.YetsruprisinglyallexistingpopularsearchenginesuchasGoogleorBingstripawaytheinformationcontainedinthephotosanduseexclusivelythetextofWedpagestoperformthedocumentretrieval.Ourstudyisthefirsttoshowthatmodernmachinevisionsystemsareaccurateandefficientenoughtomakeeffectiveuseoftheinformationcontainedinimagepixelstoimprovedocumentsearch"4Theresearchersdesignedandtestedamachinevisionsystem—atypeofartificialintelligencethatallowscomputerstolearnwithoutbeingexplicitlyprogrammed—thatextractssemantic语义的informationfrompixelsofphotosinWebpages.ThisinformationgisusedtoenrichthedescriptionoftheHTMLpageusedbysearchenginesfordocumentretrieval.Theresearcherstestedtheirapproachusingmorethan600searchqueries查询onadatabaseof50millionWedpages.Theyselectedthetext-retrievalsearchenginewiththebestperformanceandmodifiedittomakeuseoftheadditionalsemanticinformationextractedbytheirmethodfromthepicturesoftheWebpages.Theyfoundthtthisproduceda30percentimprovementinprecisionovertheoriginalsearchenginepurelybasedontext. Thenewsystemisexpectedtoimproveprecisionin.
{{*HTML*}}阅读下面的短文文中有15处空白每处空白给出了4个选项请根据短文的内容从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案 ??????? ??????????? ?????{{B}}ABiologicalClock{{/B}}? ?Everylivingthinghaswhatscientistscallabiologicalclockthat controlsbehavior.Thebiologicalclocktells{{U}}?51?{{/U}}whento formflowersandwhentheflowersshouldopen.Ittells{{U}}?52?{{/U}} whentoleavetheprotectivecocoonsandflyawayandittellsanimalsand humanbeingswhentoeatsleepandwake.??Eventsoutsidethe plantandanimal{{U}}?53?{{/U}}theactionsofsomebiologicalclocks. Scientistsrecentlyfoundforexamplethatatinyanimalchangesthecolorof itsfur{{U}}?54?{{/U}}thenumberofhoursofdaylight.Intheshort {{U}}?55?{{/U}}ofwinteritsfurbecomeswhite.Thefurbecomesgray brownincolorinthelongerhoursofdaylightinsummer.??Inner signalscontrolotherbiologicalclocks.Germanscientistsfoundthatsomekind ofinternalclockseemstoorderbirdstobegintheirlongmigration {{U}}?56?{{/U}}twiceeachyear.Birds{{U}}?57?{{/U}}flying becomerestlesswhenitistimeforthetrip{{U}}?58?{{/U}}they becomecalmagainwhenthetimeoftheflighthasended.? ?Scientistssaytheyarebeginningtolearnwhich{{U}}?59?{{/U}} ofthebraincontainbiologicalclocks.AnAmericanresearcherMartinMoorhead saidasmallgroupofcellsnearthefrontofthebrain{{U}}?60?{{/U}} tocontrolthetimingofsomeofouractions.These{{U}}?61?{{/U}} tellapersonwhento{{U}}?62?{{/U}}whentosleepandwhentoseek food.Scientistssaythereprobablyareotherbiologicalclockcellsthat controlotherbodyactivities.??Dr.Moorheadisstudying {{U}}?63?{{/U}}ourbiologicalclocksaffectthewaywedoourwork. Forexamplemostofushavegreatdifficultyifwemustoftenchangeto differentworkhours.??{{U}}?64?{{/U}}cantakemany daysforahumanbodytoacceptthemajorchangeinworkhours.Dr.Moorhead saidindustrialofficialsshouldhaveabetterunderstandingofbiological clocksandhowtheyaffectworkers.Hesaid{{U}}?65?{{/U}} understandingcouldcutsicknessandaccidentsatworkandwouldhelpincreasea factory’sproduction.
{{*HTML*}}下面有3篇短文每篇短文后有5道题每题后面有4个选项请仔细阅读短文并根据短文回答其后面的问题从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案{{B}}第一篇{{/B}} ??????? ??????????? ????{{B}}Snowflakes{{/B}}??You’veprobably heardthatnotwosnowflakesarealike.Ofcoursenobodyhaseverconfirmed thatstatementbyexaminingeveryoneoftheestimatedoneseptillionsnowflakes thatdrifttoEartheachyear.StillKennethLibbrechtaprofessoratthe CaliforniaInstituteofTechnologyisconfidentthatthestatementis true.??Snowflakesaren’tflakysaysLibbrecht.Attheirbasic levelthey’recrystalline.Thelatticeofeverysnowflakeissix-sidedin shape.Thesimplestsnowcrystalsaresix-sidedflatplatesandsix-sided columns.Suchcrystalsarecommoninplaceswheretheairisextremelycoldand dry.Snowcrystalsacquiretheirspecialbeautywhentheirsimplesix-sided symmetryblossoms.Undertherightconditionseachofthesixcomersofa crystalsproutswhatiscalledanarm.Inamatterofminutesthearmscan becomehighlyornateandgivethecrystalastarlikeappearance.? ?Severalfactorsintheenvironmentaffecttheshapeandgrowthrateofa snowcrystal.Onefactorishumidity.Crystalsgrowfasterandinmoreintricate shapeashumidityincreases.Asecondfactorisairtemperature.Asnowflakeis bornwhenseveralmoleculesofwatervaporinacloudlandonaspeckofdust andfreezetoformasimplecrystal.Astheyoungcrystalbopsaroundinthe clouditpassesthroughairpocketsofvaryingtemperatures.Ifthecrystal passesthroughapocketofairthatissay-15degreesCelsiusitwillgrow quicklyandsproutsixarmssaysLibbrecht.Ifthecrystalisthentossedinto awarmerpocketoneabout-10℃thearms’tipswillstopgrowingquicklyand formsix-sidedplates.Ifthecrystalthendriftsintoanevenwarmerpocketof about-5℃itstopandbottomwillgrowmorequicklythanitssidesandbecome morecolumnlikeinshape.??Inthecourseofitslifespana snow-crystalmightflutterthroughmanywarmerandcolderpocketsacquiringa complicatedanduniquegrowthhistory.Suchahistorywillgiverisetoa snowflakethatisunlikeanyother.Eacharmonthesnowflakewilllookexactly likeeveryotheronebutthecrystalitselfwillbeoneofakind.? ?UsinghiscoolingtanksLibbrechthaslearnedhowtocreatesnowcrystals ofdifferentshapes--platescolumnsneedlesetc.Libbrechthasevenrefined histechniquessothathecanmakecrystalsthatlookhighlysimilartoone another.Stillhelacksthecontroltomanufactureidenticaltwinsnowflakes.A slightdifferenceinhumidityandtemperaturecanupsetthegrowthprofileofa crystal.Libbrechtisnotableto
Iwillnottoleratethatsortofbehaviorinmyclass.
{{*HTML*}}{{B}}第二篇{{/B}} ??????? ????????{{B}}PoweringaCity?It’s aBreeze.{{/B}}??Thegracefulwoodenwindmillsthathavebrokenup theflatDutchlandscapeforcenturies--anationalsymbollikewoodenshoes andtulips--yieldedlongagotoungainlymetal-poleturbines.? ?Nowwindmillsarebreakingintoanewfrontier.Thoughstillinits teethingstagestheurbanturbineisahigh-techwindmilldesignedto generateenergyfromtherooftopsofbusycities.Lighterquieterandoften moreefficientthanruralcounterpartstheytakeadvantageoftheextreme turbulenceandrapidshiftsindirectionthatcharacterizeurbanwind patterns.??Prototypeshavebeensuccessfullytestedinseveral DutchcitiesandthecitygovernmentintheHaguehasrecentlyagreedtobegin alarge-scaledeploymentin2003.?CurrentmodelscostUS＄8000toUS ＄12000andcangeneratebetween3000and7000kilowatthoursofelectricity peryear.AtypicalDutchhouseholduses3500kilowatthoursperyearwhilein theUnitedStatesthisfigurejumpstoaround10000kilowatthours.? ?Butsofartheyarebeingdesignedmoreforpublicorcommercial buildingsthanforprivatehomes.Thesmallestofthecurrentmodelsweigh roughly200kilogramsandcanbeinstalledonaroofinafewhourswithout usingacrane.??GermanyFinlandandDenmarkhavealsobeen experimentingwiththetechnologybuttheever-practicalDutcharenatural pioneersinurbanwindpowermainlybecauseofthelackofspace.The Netherlandswith16millionpeoplecrowdedintoacountrytwicethesizeof SloveniaisthemostdenselypopulatedinEurope.??Problems remainhoweverforexamplepublicsafetyconcernsandsostrictstandards shouldbeappliedtoanypotentialmanufacturers.Vibrationsarethemain probleminskyscraper-highturbine.Peopledon’tknowwhatitwouldbeliketo workthereinanofficenexttooneofthebigturbines.Itmightbetoo hectic.??Meanwhileprojectsareunderwaytouseminimillsto generatepowerforlifeboatsstreetlightsandportablegenerators.Ithink thethingaboutwindpoweristhatyoucanuseitinawholerangeof situationssaidCorinMillaisoftheEuropeanWindEnergyAssociation.It’s averylocaltechnologyandyoucanuseitrightinyourbackyard.Idon’t thinkanybodywantsanuclearpowerplantintheir backyard.Whichstatementbestdescribestheurbanturbinementionedinthesecondparagraph?
{{*HTML*}}阅读下面的短文文中有15处空白每处空白给出了4个选项请根据短文的内容从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案 ??????? ??????????? ?????{{B}}ABiologicalClock{{/B}}? ?Everylivingthinghaswhatscientistscallabiologicalclockthat controlsbehavior.Thebiologicalclocktells{{U}}?51?{{/U}}whento formflowersandwhentheflowersshouldopen.Ittells{{U}}?52?{{/U}} whentoleavetheprotectivecocoonsandflyawayandittellsanimalsand humanbeingswhentoeatsleepandwake.??Eventsoutsidethe plantandanimal{{U}}?53?{{/U}}theactionsofsomebiologicalclocks. Scientistsrecentlyfoundforexamplethatatinyanimalchangesthecolorof itsfur{{U}}?54?{{/U}}thenumberofhoursofdaylight.Intheshort {{U}}?55?{{/U}}ofwinteritsfurbecomeswhite.Thefurbecomesgray brownincolorinthelongerhoursofdaylightinsummer.??Inner signalscontrolotherbiologicalclocks.Germanscientistsfoundthatsomekind ofinternalclockseemstoorderbirdstobegintheirlongmigration {{U}}?56?{{/U}}twiceeachyear.Birds{{U}}?57?{{/U}}flying becomerestlesswhenitistimeforthetrip{{U}}?58?{{/U}}they becomecalmagainwhenthetimeoftheflighthasended.? ?Scientistssaytheyarebeginningtolearnwhich{{U}}?59?{{/U}} ofthebraincontainbiologicalclocks.AnAmericanresearcherMartinMoorhead saidasmallgroupofcellsnearthefrontofthebrain{{U}}?60?{{/U}} tocontrolthetimingofsomeofouractions.These{{U}}?61?{{/U}} tellapersonwhento{{U}}?62?{{/U}}whentosleepandwhentoseek food.Scientistssaythereprobablyareotherbiologicalclockcellsthat controlotherbodyactivities.??Dr.Moorheadisstudying {{U}}?63?{{/U}}ourbiologicalclocksaffectthewaywedoourwork. Forexamplemostofushavegreatdifficultyifwemustoftenchangeto differentworkhours.??{{U}}?64?{{/U}}cantakemany daysforahumanbodytoacceptthemajorchangeinworkhours.Dr.Moorhead saidindustrialofficialsshouldhaveabetterunderstandingofbiological clocksandhowtheyaffectworkers.Hesaid{{U}}?65?{{/U}} understandingcouldcutsicknessandaccidentsatworkandwouldhelpincreasea factory’sproduction.
Thedoctorsdidnotrevealthetruthtohim.
ADHDLinkedtoAirPollutants Childrenhaveanincreasedofattentionproblemsseenasearlyasgradeschool.Iftheirnosesinhaled吸入acertaintypeofairpollutionwhentheywerepregnant.That’sthefindingofanewstudy.Releasedwhenthingsaren’tburnedcompletelythispollutionisknownaspolycyclicaromatichydrocarbonsorPAHs.ThebiggestsourcesofthesePAHs:theburningoffossilfuelswoodandtrash. FredericaPereraworksatColumbiaUniversity’sMailmanSchoolofPublicHealthisNewYorkCity.Sheresearcheshowexposuretothingsintheenvironmentaffectschildren’shealthinanewstudysheandherteamstudiedtheexposuretoairpollutionof233nonsmokingpregnantwomeninNewYorkCity.Becauseburningtobaccocanspew排放PAHsintotheairandlungsPerera’steamfocusedonnonsmokers.Theresearcherswantedtoprobe探查othersourcesofPAHsonesthat’swouldhavebeenhardforanindividualtoavoid. Theteamstartedbytestingthebloodofeachwomanduringpregnancy.ThereasonAnyPAHsinawoman’sbloodwouldalsobeavailabletothebabyinherwomb.Nineyearslatertheresearchersinvestigatedsignsofattentionproblemsinthosechildrennowage9.Theyaskedeachchild’smotheraseriesofquestions.Theseincludedwhateverherchildhadproblemsdoingthingsthatneededsustained长期的mentaleffortsuchashomeworkorgameswithfriends.Thescientistsalsoaskedifthekidshadtroublefollowinginstructionsormadefrequentcarelessmistakes.AllofthesecanbesymptomsofadisordercalledAttentionDeficitHyperactivityDisorderorADHD.AboutoneinU.S.childrenhasADHD. AmongthewomenstudiedtrafficandhomeheatingweretheprimarysourcesofairpollutionexposurePereraandherteamsuspect.SomeofthesewomenhadlowlevelsofPAHsintheirblood.Ohtershadhighlevels.Thosewithhighlevelswerefivetimesaslikelytohavechildrenwhoshowedattentionproblemsbyage9.ThenewfindingswerepublishedNovember5inthejournalPLOSONE. KidswithADHDcommonlyfailinschool.
{{*HTML*}}阅读下面的短文文中有15处空白每处空白给出了4个选项请根据短文的内容从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案 ??????? ??????????? ?????{{B}}ABiologicalClock{{/B}}? ?Everylivingthinghaswhatscientistscallabiologicalclockthat controlsbehavior.Thebiologicalclocktells{{U}}?51?{{/U}}whento formflowersandwhentheflowersshouldopen.Ittells{{U}}?52?{{/U}} whentoleavetheprotectivecocoonsandflyawayandittellsanimalsand humanbeingswhentoeatsleepandwake.??Eventsoutsidethe plantandanimal{{U}}?53?{{/U}}theactionsofsomebiologicalclocks. Scientistsrecentlyfoundforexamplethatatinyanimalchangesthecolorof itsfur{{U}}?54?{{/U}}thenumberofhoursofdaylight.Intheshort {{U}}?55?{{/U}}ofwinteritsfurbecomeswhite.Thefurbecomesgray brownincolorinthelongerhoursofdaylightinsummer.??Inner signalscontrolotherbiologicalclocks.Germanscientistsfoundthatsomekind ofinternalclockseemstoorderbirdstobegintheirlongmigration {{U}}?56?{{/U}}twiceeachyear.Birds{{U}}?57?{{/U}}flying becomerestlesswhenitistimeforthetrip{{U}}?58?{{/U}}they becomecalmagainwhenthetimeoftheflighthasended.? ?Scientistssaytheyarebeginningtolearnwhich{{U}}?59?{{/U}} ofthebraincontainbiologicalclocks.AnAmericanresearcherMartinMoorhead saidasmallgroupofcellsnearthefrontofthebrain{{U}}?60?{{/U}} tocontrolthetimingofsomeofouractions.These{{U}}?61?{{/U}} tellapersonwhento{{U}}?62?{{/U}}whentosleepandwhentoseek food.Scientistssaythereprobablyareotherbiologicalclockcellsthat controlotherbodyactivities.??Dr.Moorheadisstudying {{U}}?63?{{/U}}ourbiologicalclocksaffectthewaywedoourwork. Forexamplemostofushavegreatdifficultyifwemustoftenchangeto differentworkhours.??{{U}}?64?{{/U}}cantakemany daysforahumanbodytoacceptthemajorchangeinworkhours.Dr.Moorhead saidindustrialofficialsshouldhaveabetterunderstandingofbiological clocksandhowtheyaffectworkers.Hesaid{{U}}?65?{{/U}} understandingcouldcutsicknessandaccidentsatworkandwouldhelpincreasea factory’sproduction.
{{*HTML*}}阅读下面的短文文中有15处空白每处空白给出了4个选项请根据短文的内容从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案 ??????? ??????????? ?????{{B}}ABiologicalClock{{/B}}? ?Everylivingthinghaswhatscientistscallabiologicalclockthat controlsbehavior.Thebiologicalclocktells{{U}}?51?{{/U}}whento formflowersandwhentheflowersshouldopen.Ittells{{U}}?52?{{/U}} whentoleavetheprotectivecocoonsandflyawayandittellsanimalsand humanbeingswhentoeatsleepandwake.??Eventsoutsidethe plantandanimal{{U}}?53?{{/U}}theactionsofsomebiologicalclocks. Scientistsrecentlyfoundforexamplethatatinyanimalchangesthecolorof itsfur{{U}}?54?{{/U}}thenumberofhoursofdaylight.Intheshort {{U}}?55?{{/U}}ofwinteritsfurbecomeswhite.Thefurbecomesgray brownincolorinthelongerhoursofdaylightinsummer.??Inner signalscontrolotherbiologicalclocks.Germanscientistsfoundthatsomekind ofinternalclockseemstoorderbirdstobegintheirlongmigration {{U}}?56?{{/U}}twiceeachyear.Birds{{U}}?57?{{/U}}flying becomerestlesswhenitistimeforthetrip{{U}}?58?{{/U}}they becomecalmagainwhenthetimeoftheflighthasended.? ?Scientistssaytheyarebeginningtolearnwhich{{U}}?59?{{/U}} ofthebraincontainbiologicalclocks.AnAmericanresearcherMartinMoorhead saidasmallgroupofcellsnearthefrontofthebrain{{U}}?60?{{/U}} tocontrolthetimingofsomeofouractions.These{{U}}?61?{{/U}} tellapersonwhento{{U}}?62?{{/U}}whentosleepandwhentoseek food.Scientistssaythereprobablyareotherbiologicalclockcellsthat controlotherbodyactivities.??Dr.Moorheadisstudying {{U}}?63?{{/U}}ourbiologicalclocksaffectthewaywedoourwork. Forexamplemostofushavegreatdifficultyifwemustoftenchangeto differentworkhours.??{{U}}?64?{{/U}}cantakemany daysforahumanbodytoacceptthemajorchangeinworkhours.Dr.Moorhead saidindustrialofficialsshouldhaveabetterunderstandingofbiological clocksandhowtheyaffectworkers.Hesaid{{U}}?65?{{/U}} understandingcouldcutsicknessandaccidentsatworkandwouldhelpincreasea factory’sproduction.
{{*HTML*}}阅读下面的短文文中有15处空白每处空白给出了4个选项请根据短文的内容从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案 ??????? ??????????? ?????{{B}}ABiologicalClock{{/B}}? ?Everylivingthinghaswhatscientistscallabiologicalclockthat controlsbehavior.Thebiologicalclocktells{{U}}?51?{{/U}}whento formflowersandwhentheflowersshouldopen.Ittells{{U}}?52?{{/U}} whentoleavetheprotectivecocoonsandflyawayandittellsanimalsand humanbeingswhentoeatsleepandwake.??Eventsoutsidethe plantandanimal{{U}}?53?{{/U}}theactionsofsomebiologicalclocks. Scientistsrecentlyfoundforexamplethatatinyanimalchangesthecolorof itsfur{{U}}?54?{{/U}}thenumberofhoursofdaylight.Intheshort {{U}}?55?{{/U}}ofwinteritsfurbecomeswhite.Thefurbecomesgray brownincolorinthelongerhoursofdaylightinsummer.??Inner signalscontrolotherbiologicalclocks.Germanscientistsfoundthatsomekind ofinternalclockseemstoorderbirdstobegintheirlongmigration {{U}}?56?{{/U}}twiceeachyear.Birds{{U}}?57?{{/U}}flying becomerestlesswhenitistimeforthetrip{{U}}?58?{{/U}}they becomecalmagainwhenthetimeoftheflighthasended.? ?Scientistssaytheyarebeginningtolearnwhich{{U}}?59?{{/U}} ofthebraincontainbiologicalclocks.AnAmericanresearcherMartinMoorhead saidasmallgroupofcellsnearthefrontofthebrain{{U}}?60?{{/U}} tocontrolthetimingofsomeofouractions.These{{U}}?61?{{/U}} tellapersonwhento{{U}}?62?{{/U}}whentosleepandwhentoseek food.Scientistssaythereprobablyareotherbiologicalclockcellsthat controlotherbodyactivities.??Dr.Moorheadisstudying {{U}}?63?{{/U}}ourbiologicalclocksaffectthewaywedoourwork. Forexamplemostofushavegreatdifficultyifwemustoftenchangeto differentworkhours.??{{U}}?64?{{/U}}cantakemany daysforahumanbodytoacceptthemajorchangeinworkhours.Dr.Moorhead saidindustrialofficialsshouldhaveabetterunderstandingofbiological clocksandhowtheyaffectworkers.Hesaid{{U}}?65?{{/U}} understandingcouldcutsicknessandaccidentsatworkandwouldhelpincreasea factory’sproduction.
{{*HTML*}}阅读下面的短文文中有15处空白每处空白给出了4个选项请根据短文的内容从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案 ??????? ??????????? ?????{{B}}ABiologicalClock{{/B}}? ?Everylivingthinghaswhatscientistscallabiologicalclockthat controlsbehavior.Thebiologicalclocktells{{U}}?51?{{/U}}whento formflowersandwhentheflowersshouldopen.Ittells{{U}}?52?{{/U}} whentoleavetheprotectivecocoonsandflyawayandittellsanimalsand humanbeingswhentoeatsleepandwake.??Eventsoutsidethe plantandanimal{{U}}?53?{{/U}}theactionsofsomebiologicalclocks. Scientistsrecentlyfoundforexamplethatatinyanimalchangesthecolorof itsfur{{U}}?54?{{/U}}thenumberofhoursofdaylight.Intheshort {{U}}?55?{{/U}}ofwinteritsfurbecomeswhite.Thefurbecomesgray brownincolorinthelongerhoursofdaylightinsummer.??Inner signalscontrolotherbiologicalclocks.Germanscientistsfoundthatsomekind ofinternalclockseemstoorderbirdstobegintheirlongmigration {{U}}?56?{{/U}}twiceeachyear.Birds{{U}}?57?{{/U}}flying becomerestlesswhenitistimeforthetrip{{U}}?58?{{/U}}they becomecalmagainwhenthetimeoftheflighthasended.? ?Scientistssaytheyarebeginningtolearnwhich{{U}}?59?{{/U}} ofthebraincontainbiologicalclocks.AnAmericanresearcherMartinMoorhead saidasmallgroupofcellsnearthefrontofthebrain{{U}}?60?{{/U}} tocontrolthetimingofsomeofouractions.These{{U}}?61?{{/U}} tellapersonwhento{{U}}?62?{{/U}}whentosleepandwhentoseek food.Scientistssaythereprobablyareotherbiologicalclockcellsthat controlotherbodyactivities.??Dr.Moorheadisstudying {{U}}?63?{{/U}}ourbiologicalclocksaffectthewaywedoourwork. Forexamplemostofushavegreatdifficultyifwemustoftenchangeto differentworkhours.??{{U}}?64?{{/U}}cantakemany daysforahumanbodytoacceptthemajorchangeinworkhours.Dr.Moorhead saidindustrialofficialsshouldhaveabetterunderstandingofbiological clocksandhowtheyaffectworkers.Hesaid{{U}}?65?{{/U}} understandingcouldcutsicknessandaccidentsatworkandwouldhelpincreasea factory’sproduction.
FirstImage-recognitionssoftware1DartmouthresearchersandtheircolleagueshavecreatedanartificialintelligencesoftwarethatusesphotostolocatedocumentsontheInternetwithfargreateraccuracythaneverbefore.2Thenewsystemwitchwastestedonphotosandisnowbeingappliedtovideosshowsforthefirsttimethatamachinelearningalgorithm运算法则forimagerecognitionandretrievalisaccurateandefficientienoughtoimprovelarge-scaledocumentsearchesonline.Thesystemusespixel像素datainimagesandpotentiallyvideo—ratherthanjusttext—tolocatedocuments.Itlearnstorecognizethepixelsassociatedwithasearchphrasebystudyingtheresultsfromtext-basedimagesearchengines.Theknowledgegleaned收集fromthoseresultscanthenbeappliedtootherphotoswithouttagsorcaptions图片说明makingformoreaccuratedocumentsearchresults.3"Overthelast30years"saysAssociateProfessorKorenzoTorresaniaco-authorofthestudy"thewebhasevolvedfromasmallcollectionofmostlytextdocumentstoamodernmassivefast-growingmultimediadatastetwherenearlyeverypageincludesmultiplepicturesofvideos.WhenapersonlooksataWebpageheimmediatelygetthegist主旨ofitbylookingatthepicturesinit.YetsruprisinglyallexistingpopularsearchenginesuchasGoogleorBingstripawaytheinformationcontainedinthephotosanduseexclusivelythetextofWedpagestoperformthedocumentretrieval.Ourstudyisthefirsttoshowthatmodernmachinevisionsystemsareaccurateandefficientenoughtomakeeffectiveuseoftheinformationcontainedinimagepixelstoimprovedocumentsearch"4Theresearchersdesignedandtestedamachinevisionsystem—atypeofartificialintelligencethatallowscomputerstolearnwithoutbeingexplicitlyprogrammed—thatextractssemantic语义的informationfrompixelsofphotosinWebpages.ThisinformationgisusedtoenrichthedescriptionoftheHTMLpageusedbysearchenginesfordocumentretrieval.Theresearcherstestedtheirapproachusingmorethan600searchqueries查询onadatabaseof50millionWedpages.Theyselectedthetext-retrievalsearchenginewiththebestperformanceandmodifiedittomakeuseoftheadditionalsemanticinformationextractedbytheirmethodfromthepicturesoftheWebpages.Theyfoundthtthisproduceda30percentimprovementinprecisionovertheoriginalsearchenginepurelybasedontext. Paragraph2.
{{*HTML*}}{{B}}第二篇{{/B}} ??????? ????????{{B}}PoweringaCity?It’s aBreeze.{{/B}}??Thegracefulwoodenwindmillsthathavebrokenup theflatDutchlandscapeforcenturies--anationalsymbollikewoodenshoes andtulips--yieldedlongagotoungainlymetal-poleturbines.? ?Nowwindmillsarebreakingintoanewfrontier.Thoughstillinits teethingstagestheurbanturbineisahigh-techwindmilldesignedto generateenergyfromtherooftopsofbusycities.Lighterquieterandoften moreefficientthanruralcounterpartstheytakeadvantageoftheextreme turbulenceandrapidshiftsindirectionthatcharacterizeurbanwind patterns.??Prototypeshavebeensuccessfullytestedinseveral DutchcitiesandthecitygovernmentintheHaguehasrecentlyagreedtobegin alarge-scaledeploymentin2003.?CurrentmodelscostUS＄8000toUS ＄12000andcangeneratebetween3000and7000kilowatthoursofelectricity peryear.AtypicalDutchhouseholduses3500kilowatthoursperyearwhilein theUnitedStatesthisfigurejumpstoaround10000kilowatthours.? ?Butsofartheyarebeingdesignedmoreforpublicorcommercial buildingsthanforprivatehomes.Thesmallestofthecurrentmodelsweigh roughly200kilogramsandcanbeinstalledonaroofinafewhourswithout usingacrane.??GermanyFinlandandDenmarkhavealsobeen experimentingwiththetechnologybuttheever-practicalDutcharenatural pioneersinurbanwindpowermainlybecauseofthelackofspace.The Netherlandswith16millionpeoplecrowdedintoacountrytwicethesizeof SloveniaisthemostdenselypopulatedinEurope.??Problems remainhoweverforexamplepublicsafetyconcernsandsostrictstandards shouldbeappliedtoanypotentialmanufacturers.Vibrationsarethemain probleminskyscraper-highturbine.Peopledon’tknowwhatitwouldbeliketo workthereinanofficenexttooneofthebigturbines.Itmightbetoo hectic.??Meanwhileprojectsareunderwaytouseminimillsto generatepowerforlifeboatsstreetlightsandportablegenerators.Ithink thethingaboutwindpoweristhatyoucanuseitinawholerangeof situationssaidCorinMillaisoftheEuropeanWindEnergyAssociation.It’s averylocaltechnologyandyoucanuseitrightinyourbackyard.Idon’t thinkanybodywantsanuclearpowerplantintheir backyard.Netherlandsleadsintheurbanturbinetechnologybecause
{{*HTML*}}阅读下面的短文文中有15处空白每处空白给出了4个选项请根据短文的内容从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案 ??????? ??????????? ?????{{B}}ABiologicalClock{{/B}}? ?Everylivingthinghaswhatscientistscallabiologicalclockthat controlsbehavior.Thebiologicalclocktells{{U}}?51?{{/U}}whento formflowersandwhentheflowersshouldopen.Ittells{{U}}?52?{{/U}} whentoleavetheprotectivecocoonsandflyawayandittellsanimalsand humanbeingswhentoeatsleepandwake.??Eventsoutsidethe plantandanimal{{U}}?53?{{/U}}theactionsofsomebiologicalclocks. Scientistsrecentlyfoundforexamplethatatinyanimalchangesthecolorof itsfur{{U}}?54?{{/U}}thenumberofhoursofdaylight.Intheshort {{U}}?55?{{/U}}ofwinteritsfurbecomeswhite.Thefurbecomesgray brownincolorinthelongerhoursofdaylightinsummer.??Inner signalscontrolotherbiologicalclocks.Germanscientistsfoundthatsomekind ofinternalclockseemstoorderbirdstobegintheirlongmigration {{U}}?56?{{/U}}twiceeachyear.Birds{{U}}?57?{{/U}}flying becomerestlesswhenitistimeforthetrip{{U}}?58?{{/U}}they becomecalmagainwhenthetimeoftheflighthasended.? ?Scientistssaytheyarebeginningtolearnwhich{{U}}?59?{{/U}} ofthebraincontainbiologicalclocks.AnAmericanresearcherMartinMoorhead saidasmallgroupofcellsnearthefrontofthebrain{{U}}?60?{{/U}} tocontrolthetimingofsomeofouractions.These{{U}}?61?{{/U}} tellapersonwhento{{U}}?62?{{/U}}whentosleepandwhentoseek food.Scientistssaythereprobablyareotherbiologicalclockcellsthat controlotherbodyactivities.??Dr.Moorheadisstudying {{U}}?63?{{/U}}ourbiologicalclocksaffectthewaywedoourwork. Forexamplemostofushavegreatdifficultyifwemustoftenchangeto differentworkhours.??{{U}}?64?{{/U}}cantakemany daysforahumanbodytoacceptthemajorchangeinworkhours.Dr.Moorhead saidindustrialofficialsshouldhaveabetterunderstandingofbiological clocksandhowtheyaffectworkers.Hesaid{{U}}?65?{{/U}} understandingcouldcutsicknessandaccidentsatworkandwouldhelpincreasea factory’sproduction.
{{*HTML*}}{{B}}第三篇{{/B}} ??????? ??????????? ??{{B}}UndergroundCoalFires--aLoomingCatastrophe{{/B}}? ?CoalburningdeepundergroundinChinaIndiaandIndonesiaisthreatening theenvironmentandhumanlifescientistshavewarned.Theselarge-scale undergroundblazescausethegroundtemperaturetoheatupandkillsurrounding vegetationproducegreenhousegasesandcanevenigniteforestfiresapanel ofscientiststoldtheannualmeetingoftheAmericanAssociationforthe AdvancementofScienceinDenver.Theresultingreleaseofpoisonouselements likearsenicandmercurycanalsopollutelocalwatersourcesandsoilsthey warned.??CoalfiresareaglobalcatastrophesaidAssociate ProfessorGlennStracherofEastGeorgiaCollegeinSwainsboroUSA.But surprisinglyfewpeopleknowaboutthem.??Coalcanheatuponits ownandeventuallycatchfireandburnifthereisacontinuousoxygensupply. Theheatproducedisnotcausedtodisappearandundertherightcombinationsof sunlightandoxygencantriggerspontaneouscatchingfireandburning.Thiscan occurundergroundincoalstockpilesabandonedminesorevenascoalis transported.SuchfiresinChinaconsumeupto200milliontonesofcoalper yeardelegatesweretold.IncomparisontheU.S.economyconsumesaboutone billiontonesofcoalannuallysaidStracherwhoseanalysisofthelikely impactofcoalfireshasbeenacceptedforpublicationintheInternational JournalofCoalEcology.Onceunderwaycoalfirescanbumfordecadeseven centuries.Intheprocesstheyreleaselargevolumesofgreenhousegases poisonousfumesandblackparticlesintotheatmosphere.??The membersofthepaneldiscussedtheimpactthesefiresmaybehavingonglobal andregionalclimatechangeandagreedthattheundergroundnatureofthefires makesthemdifficulttodetect.OneofthemembersofthepanelAssistant ProfessorPaulVanDijkoftheInternationalInstituteforGeo-Information ScienceandEarthObservationintheNetherlandshasbeenworkingwiththe Chinesegovernmenttodetectandmonitorfiresinthenorthernregionsofthe country.??Ultimatelytheremotesensingandothertechniques shouldallowscientiststoestimatehowmuchcarbondioxidethesefiresare emitting.OnesuggestedmethodofcontainingthefireswaspresentedbyGary ColaizzioftheengineeringfirmGoodsonwhichhasdevelopedaheat-resistant groutathinmortarusedtofillcracksandcreviceswhichisdesignedtobe pumpedintothecoalfiretocutofftheoxygen supply.Accordingtothefirstparagraphoneofthewarningsgivenbythescientistsisthat
Thelawcarriesapenaltyofuptothreeyearsinprison.
ADHDLinkedtoAirPollutants Childrenhaveanincreasedofattentionproblemsseenasearlyasgradeschool.Iftheirnosesinhaled吸入acertaintypeofairpollutionwhentheywerepregnant.That’sthefindingofanewstudy.Releasedwhenthingsaren’tburnedcompletelythispollutionisknownaspolycyclicaromatichydrocarbonsorPAHs.ThebiggestsourcesofthesePAHs:theburningoffossilfuelswoodandtrash. FredericaPereraworksatColumbiaUniversity’sMailmanSchoolofPublicHealthisNewYorkCity.Sheresearcheshowexposuretothingsintheenvironmentaffectschildren’shealthinanewstudysheandherteamstudiedtheexposuretoairpollutionof233nonsmokingpregnantwomeninNewYorkCity.Becauseburningtobaccocanspew排放PAHsintotheairandlungsPerera’steamfocusedonnonsmokers.Theresearcherswantedtoprobe探查othersourcesofPAHsonesthat’swouldhavebeenhardforanindividualtoavoid. Theteamstartedbytestingthebloodofeachwomanduringpregnancy.ThereasonAnyPAHsinawoman’sbloodwouldalsobeavailabletothebabyinherwomb.Nineyearslatertheresearchersinvestigatedsignsofattentionproblemsinthosechildrennowage9.Theyaskedeachchild’smotheraseriesofquestions.Theseincludedwhateverherchildhadproblemsdoingthingsthatneededsustained长期的mentaleffortsuchashomeworkorgameswithfriends.Thescientistsalsoaskedifthekidshadtroublefollowinginstructionsormadefrequentcarelessmistakes.AllofthesecanbesymptomsofadisordercalledAttentionDeficitHyperactivityDisorderorADHD.AboutoneinU.S.childrenhasADHD. AmongthewomenstudiedtrafficandhomeheatingweretheprimarysourcesofairpollutionexposurePereraandherteamsuspect.SomeofthesewomenhadlowlevelsofPAHsintheirblood.Ohtershadhighlevels.Thosewithhighlevelswerefivetimesaslikelytohavechildrenwhoshowedattentionproblemsbyage9.ThenewfindingswerepublishedNovember5inthejournalPLOSONE. PereraandherteamchosenonsmokingpregnantwomenalloverAmerica.
Mostpeoplefindrejectionhardtoaccept.
{{*HTML*}}阅读下面的短文文中有15处空白每处空白给出了4个选项请根据短文的内容从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案 ??????? ??????????? ?????{{B}}ABiologicalClock{{/B}}? ?Everylivingthinghaswhatscientistscallabiologicalclockthat controlsbehavior.Thebiologicalclocktells{{U}}?51?{{/U}}whento formflowersandwhentheflowersshouldopen.Ittells{{U}}?52?{{/U}} whentoleavetheprotectivecocoonsandflyawayandittellsanimalsand humanbeingswhentoeatsleepandwake.??Eventsoutsidethe plantandanimal{{U}}?53?{{/U}}theactionsofsomebiologicalclocks. Scientistsrecentlyfoundforexamplethatatinyanimalchangesthecolorof itsfur{{U}}?54?{{/U}}thenumberofhoursofdaylight.Intheshort {{U}}?55?{{/U}}ofwinteritsfurbecomeswhite.Thefurbecomesgray brownincolorinthelongerhoursofdaylightinsummer.??Inner signalscontrolotherbiologicalclocks.Germanscientistsfoundthatsomekind ofinternalclockseemstoorderbirdstobegintheirlongmigration {{U}}?56?{{/U}}twiceeachyear.Birds{{U}}?57?{{/U}}flying becomerestlesswhenitistimeforthetrip{{U}}?58?{{/U}}they becomecalmagainwhenthetimeoftheflighthasended.? ?Scientistssaytheyarebeginningtolearnwhich{{U}}?59?{{/U}} ofthebraincontainbiologicalclocks.AnAmericanresearcherMartinMoorhead saidasmallgroupofcellsnearthefrontofthebrain{{U}}?60?{{/U}} tocontrolthetimingofsomeofouractions.These{{U}}?61?{{/U}} tellapersonwhento{{U}}?62?{{/U}}whentosleepandwhentoseek food.Scientistssaythereprobablyareotherbiologicalclockcellsthat controlotherbodyactivities.??Dr.Moorheadisstudying {{U}}?63?{{/U}}ourbiologicalclocksaffectthewaywedoourwork. Forexamplemostofushavegreatdifficultyifwemustoftenchangeto differentworkhours.??{{U}}?64?{{/U}}cantakemany daysforahumanbodytoacceptthemajorchangeinworkhours.Dr.Moorhead saidindustrialofficialsshouldhaveabetterunderstandingofbiological clocksandhowtheyaffectworkers.Hesaid{{U}}?65?{{/U}} understandingcouldcutsicknessandaccidentsatworkandwouldhelpincreasea factory’sproduction.
{{*HTML*}}{{B}}第三篇{{/B}} ??????? ??????????? ??{{B}}UndergroundCoalFires--aLoomingCatastrophe{{/B}}? ?CoalburningdeepundergroundinChinaIndiaandIndonesiaisthreatening theenvironmentandhumanlifescientistshavewarned.Theselarge-scale undergroundblazescausethegroundtemperaturetoheatupandkillsurrounding vegetationproducegreenhousegasesandcanevenigniteforestfiresapanel ofscientiststoldtheannualmeetingoftheAmericanAssociationforthe AdvancementofScienceinDenver.Theresultingreleaseofpoisonouselements likearsenicandmercurycanalsopollutelocalwatersourcesandsoilsthey warned.??CoalfiresareaglobalcatastrophesaidAssociate ProfessorGlennStracherofEastGeorgiaCollegeinSwainsboroUSA.But surprisinglyfewpeopleknowaboutthem.??Coalcanheatuponits ownandeventuallycatchfireandburnifthereisacontinuousoxygensupply. Theheatproducedisnotcausedtodisappearandundertherightcombinationsof sunlightandoxygencantriggerspontaneouscatchingfireandburning.Thiscan occurundergroundincoalstockpilesabandonedminesorevenascoalis transported.SuchfiresinChinaconsumeupto200milliontonesofcoalper yeardelegatesweretold.IncomparisontheU.S.economyconsumesaboutone billiontonesofcoalannuallysaidStracherwhoseanalysisofthelikely impactofcoalfireshasbeenacceptedforpublicationintheInternational JournalofCoalEcology.Onceunderwaycoalfirescanbumfordecadeseven centuries.Intheprocesstheyreleaselargevolumesofgreenhousegases poisonousfumesandblackparticlesintotheatmosphere.??The membersofthepaneldiscussedtheimpactthesefiresmaybehavingonglobal andregionalclimatechangeandagreedthattheundergroundnatureofthefires makesthemdifficulttodetect.OneofthemembersofthepanelAssistant ProfessorPaulVanDijkoftheInternationalInstituteforGeo-Information ScienceandEarthObservationintheNetherlandshasbeenworkingwiththe Chinesegovernmenttodetectandmonitorfiresinthenorthernregionsofthe country.??Ultimatelytheremotesensingandothertechniques shouldallowscientiststoestimatehowmuchcarbondioxidethesefiresare emitting.OnesuggestedmethodofcontainingthefireswaspresentedbyGary ColaizzioftheengineeringfirmGoodsonwhichhasdevelopedaheat-resistant groutathinmortarusedtofillcracksandcreviceswhichisdesignedtobe pumpedintothecoalfiretocutofftheoxygen supply.Accordingtothefifthparagraphwhatisthesuggestedmethodtocontrolundergroundfires?
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