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A Special Clock Every living thing has what scientists call a biological clock that controls b...
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{{*HTML*}}? ?下面的短文后列出了7个句子请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断如果该句提供的是正确信息请选择A如果该句提供的是错误信息请选择B如果该句的信息文中没有提及请选择C ??????? ??????????? ???????{{B}}CancerDrugTrialsOften HaltedEarly{{/B}}??Anincreasingnumberofclinicaltrialsfornew cancertreatmentsarebeinghaltedbeforetherisksandbenefitshavebeenfully evaluatedsayItalianresearcherswhowarnthatthisgrowingtrendcouldput patientsatriskofharmfromnewtherapiesrushedintouse.??The researcherslookedat25randomizedcontrolledclinicaltrialsthatwere stoppedearlybecausethetreatmentshadstartedtoshowbenefitto patients.??Whenweanalyzed25trialsovera10-yearperiod between1997and2007wefoundaconsistentincreaseinprematurelystopped trials—morethan50percentwerestoppedwithinthelastthreeyearsstudy co-authorGiovanniApolonesaidatanewsconferenceTuesday.??Of 14trialshaltedearlyandpublishedbetween2005and2007theresearchersfound that1179percentofthemwereusedtosupportdrugapprovalapplications submittedtotheEuropeanMedicinesAgencyandtheUSFoodandDrug Administration.??Thissuggestsastrongcommercialcomponentin stoppingtrialsprematurely.Infactthisstrategycouldguaranteequicker accesstothemarketforcompanies.Ontheotherhandaquickerclinicaldrug developmentmayleadtoan’immature’benefit/riskbalanceofnewdrugs Apolonesaid.Heandhiscolleaguesareawarethattrialsstoppedearlybecause theyareshowingbenefitmayresultinidentificationofpromisingnew treatmentsforpatients.Howeverfindingsobtainedfollowingthisstrategy shouldbeconsideredtobepreliminaryresultsthatrequiresubsequent confirmation.??Itcantakeseveralyearsforthelong-term benefitsorharmfulsideeffectsofanewtreatmenttobecomeapparentApolone notedbuttheaverageduration持续时间ofthe25studiesheandhiscolleagues analyzedwas30monthswitharangefrom12to64months.??They alsofoundthatatthetimefiveofthestudieswerestoppedthey’denrolled lessthan40percentofthetotalnumberofpatientsplannedforfinal analysis.??Clinicaltrialsneedtostopearlyforsuperior benefitwheneverthere’sproofbeyondreasonabledoubtthatthenewtreatment reallyissuperior.ThatwouldbeanethicalobligationStuartPococka professorofmedicalstatisticsattheLondonSchoolofHygieneandTropical MedicineintheUnitedKingdomsaidatthenewsconference.Howevertoomany trialsarestoppedearlyclaimingefficacy功效withoutstrongevidencebeing available.Someofthetrialswereprobablystoppedearlyforcommercialreasons.
{{*HTML*}}? ?下面的短文后有2项测试任务1第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第1～4段每段选择1个最佳标题2第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定1个最佳选项 ?????????? ??????????? ???????{{B}}Cancer{{/B}}1.Cancerisa groupofmanyrelateddiseasesthatbeginincellsthebody’sbasicbuilding blocks.Thebodyismadeupofmanytypesofcells.Normallycellsgrowand dividetoproducemorecellsastheyareneededtokeepthebodyhealthy. SometimesthisorderlyprocessgoeswrongNewcellsformwhenthebodydoes notneedthemandoldcellsdonotdiewhentheyshould.Theextracellsforma massoftissuecalledagrowthortumor肿瘤.Benign良性的tumorsarenot cancer.Theycanoftenberemovedandinmostcasestheydonotcomeback. Malignant恶性的tumorsarecancer.Cellsinmalignanttumorsareabnormaland dividewithoutcontrolororder.2.Scientistshavelearnedthatcanceris causedbychangesingenesthatnormallycontrolthegrowthanddeathofcells. Certainlifestyleandenvironmentalfactorscanchangesomenormalgenesinto genesthatallowthegrowthofcancer.Manygenechangesthatleadtocancerare theresultoftobaccousedietexposuretoultraviolet紫外线的radiationfrom thesunorexposuretocarcinogens致症物intheworkplaceorinthe environment.Somegenealterationsareinherited.3.Cancertreatmentcan includesurgeryradiationtherapychemotherapy化疗hormonetherapyand biologicaltherapy.Thedoctormayuseonemethodoracombinationofmethods dependingonthetypeandlocationofthecancerwhetherthediseasehas spreadthepatient’sageandgeneralhealthandotherfactors.Because treatmentforcancercanalsodamagehealthyceilsandtissuesitoftencauses sideeffects.Patientsanddoctorsgenerallydiscussthetreatmentoptions weighingthelikelybenefitsofkillingcancercellsandtherisksofpossible sideeffects.4.Havingcancerdoesnotalwaysmeanhavingpain.Whethera patienthaspainmaydependonthetypeofcancertheextentofthedisease andthepatient’stoleranceforpain.Mostpainoccurswhenthecancergrowsand pressesagainstbonesorgansornerves.Painmayalsobeasideeffectof treatment.Howeverpaincangenerallyberelievedorreducedwithprescription medicinesorover-the-counterdrugsrecommendedbythedoctor. A.Howiscancertreated? B.Doescanceralwayscausepain? C.Cancancerbeprevented? D.Whatiscancer? E.Howcommoniscancer? F.Whatcausescancer?Treatmentforcancermayalsobringaboutsome
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{{*HTML*}}??下面的短文有15处空白请根据短文内容为每处空白确定1个最佳选项 ??????? ??????????? ??????????? ??{{B}}??MiddleAge:ALowPointforMost{{/B}}? ?Peoplearoundtheglobehittheheightoftheirmiseryanddepression in{{U}}?51?{{/U}}ageanewinternationalstudysuggests.? ?ThefindingbyBritishandAmericanresearcherswasbasedonananalysis ofwell-beingamongapproximately2millionpeoplein80nations.Withfew exceptionstheobservationappearstoapplyacrosstheboardregardless{{U}} ?52?{{/U}}gender性别culturegeographywealthjobhistory educationandmarriageorparentalstatus.??Thescientific factseemstobethathappinessandpositivementalhealthfollowagiant ’U’{{U}}?53?{{/U}}throughlifesaidstudyauthorAndrewJ. OswaldaprofessorofeconomicsatWarwickUniversityinWarwickshireEngland. Fortheaveragepersonit’shighwhenyou’re20andthenitslowlyfallsand bottomsout{{U}}?54?{{/U}}your40s.Butthegoodnewsisthatyour{{U}} ?55?{{/U}}healthpicksupagainandeventuallygetsbacktothehigh levelsofouryouth.Thefindingwas{{U}}?56?{{/U}}onthepooling ofseveraldifferentsourcesofhappinessdataincluding:twomulti-decade happiness/satisfactionsurveysfirstlaunchedinthe1970sinvolvingabout 500000AmericanandWesternEuropeanmenandwomen;fourroundsofthe 80-nationWorldValuesSurvey{{U}}?57?{{/U}}between1981and2004in NorthAmericaEasternandWesternEuropeAsiaAfricaAustraliaandCentral andSouthAmerica;anda2004-2007survey{{U}}?58?{{/U}}nearly1 millionBritons.??Thebottom-line:Formostpeoplethroughoutthe worldthehighestprobabilityfordepressionstrikingisaround44yearsof{{U}} ?59?{{/U}}.??IntheUnitedStateshoweversome as-yetunexplained{{U}}?60?{{/U}}differenceswereobservedwith happinessamongmendippingthemostintheirearly50swhereaswomenhittheir nadir最低点aroundtheageof40.??Theresearcherscautionedthat cheerfulpeopletendtolivelongerthanunhappy{{U}}?61?{{/U}}—afact thatmighthaveskewed使偏斜theoverallfinding.Buttheyalsosuggestedthat evidenceofahappiness{{U}}?62?{{/U}}mightsimplyreflectamidlife choicetogiveuplong-heldbutnolongertenable守得住的aspirations志向 follwedbyasenior’ssenseofgratitudeforhavingsuccessfullyendured{{U}} ?63?{{/U}}othersdidnot.??Thatsaidsomemightfind ithelpfulsimplytounderstandthegeneral{{U}}?64?{{/U}}ofmental healthastheygothroughtheirownlifesaidOswald.Itmightbeusefulfor peopletorealizethatiftheyare{{U}}?65?{{/U}}intheir40sthisis normal.Itisnotexceptional.Andjustknowingthismight help.
{{*HTML*}}??下面有3篇短文每篇短文后有5道题请根据短文内容为每题确定1个最佳选项{{B}}第一篇{{/B}} {{B}}??????? ??????????? ???????YouthEmancipationin Spain{{/B}}??TheSpanishGovernmentissoworriedaboutthenumber ofyoungadultsstilllivingwiththeirparentsthatithasdecidedtohelpthem leavethenest.??Around55percentofpeopleaged18-34inSpain stillsleepintheirparents’homesaysthelatestreportfromthecountry’s state-runInstituteofYouth.??Tocoax劝诱youngpeoplefrom theirhomestheInstitutestartedaYouthEmancipation解放programmethis month.Theprogrammeoffersguidanceinfindingroomsandjobs.? ?Economistsblameyoungpeople’sfamilydependenceonthe precarious不稳定的labourmarketandincreasinghousingprices.Housingpriceshave risen17percentayearsince2000.??Culturalreasonsalso contributetotheproblemsaysociologists社会学家.Familytiesinsouth Europe—ItalyPortugalandGreece—arestrongerthanthoseinmiddleandnorth EuropesaidSpanishsociologistAlmudenaMorenoMinguezinherreportTheLate EmancipationofSpanishYouth:KeyforUnderstanding.??In generalyoungpeopleinSpainfirmlybelieveinthefamilyasthemainbody aroundwhichtheirprivate.lifeisorganizedsaidMinguez.??In Spain—especiallyinthecountrysideitisnotuncommontofindentiregroups ofauntsunclescousinsniecesandnephews外甥/侄子alllivingonthesame street.TheyregularlygettogetherforSundaydinner.??Parents’ toleranceisanotherfactor.Spanishparentsacceptlate-nightpartyingandare waryofsettingbedtimerules.??Achildcanarrivehomeat whatevertimehewants.Ifparentscomplainhe’llputupafightandcallthe fatherafascistsaidJos6AntonioGomezYanezasociologistatCarlosIII UniversityinMadrid.??Mothers’willingnesstodochildren’s householdchores家务worsenstheproblem.DionisioMassoa60-year-oldin Madridhasthreechildrenintheir20s.Theeldest28hasagirlfriendanda job.Butlifewithmumisgood.??Hismumdoesthewashandcooks forhim;intheendheliveswellMassosaid.Thephrasewaryofinparagraph8couldbebestreplacedby
{{*HTML*}}??下面的短文有15处空白请根据短文内容为每处空白确定1个最佳选项 ??????? ??????????? ??????????? ??{{B}}??MiddleAge:ALowPointforMost{{/B}}? ?Peoplearoundtheglobehittheheightoftheirmiseryanddepression in{{U}}?51?{{/U}}ageanewinternationalstudysuggests.? ?ThefindingbyBritishandAmericanresearcherswasbasedonananalysis ofwell-beingamongapproximately2millionpeoplein80nations.Withfew exceptionstheobservationappearstoapplyacrosstheboardregardless{{U}} ?52?{{/U}}gender性别culturegeographywealthjobhistory educationandmarriageorparentalstatus.??Thescientific factseemstobethathappinessandpositivementalhealthfollowagiant ’U’{{U}}?53?{{/U}}throughlifesaidstudyauthorAndrewJ. OswaldaprofessorofeconomicsatWarwickUniversityinWarwickshireEngland. Fortheaveragepersonit’shighwhenyou’re20andthenitslowlyfallsand bottomsout{{U}}?54?{{/U}}your40s.Butthegoodnewsisthatyour{{U}} ?55?{{/U}}healthpicksupagainandeventuallygetsbacktothehigh levelsofouryouth.Thefindingwas{{U}}?56?{{/U}}onthepooling ofseveraldifferentsourcesofhappinessdataincluding:twomulti-decade happiness/satisfactionsurveysfirstlaunchedinthe1970sinvolvingabout 500000AmericanandWesternEuropeanmenandwomen;fourroundsofthe 80-nationWorldValuesSurvey{{U}}?57?{{/U}}between1981and2004in NorthAmericaEasternandWesternEuropeAsiaAfricaAustraliaandCentral andSouthAmerica;anda2004-2007survey{{U}}?58?{{/U}}nearly1 millionBritons.??Thebottom-line:Formostpeoplethroughoutthe worldthehighestprobabilityfordepressionstrikingisaround44yearsof{{U}} ?59?{{/U}}.??IntheUnitedStateshoweversome as-yetunexplained{{U}}?60?{{/U}}differenceswereobservedwith happinessamongmendippingthemostintheirearly50swhereaswomenhittheir nadir最低点aroundtheageof40.??Theresearcherscautionedthat cheerfulpeopletendtolivelongerthanunhappy{{U}}?61?{{/U}}—afact thatmighthaveskewed使偏斜theoverallfinding.Buttheyalsosuggestedthat evidenceofahappiness{{U}}?62?{{/U}}mightsimplyreflectamidlife choicetogiveuplong-heldbutnolongertenable守得住的aspirations志向 follwedbyasenior’ssenseofgratitudeforhavingsuccessfullyendured{{U}} ?63?{{/U}}othersdidnot.??Thatsaidsomemightfind ithelpfulsimplytounderstandthegeneral{{U}}?64?{{/U}}ofmental healthastheygothroughtheirownlifesaidOswald.Itmightbeusefulfor peopletorealizethatiftheyare{{U}}?65?{{/U}}intheir40sthisis normal.Itisnotexceptional.Andjustknowingthismight help.
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{{*HTML*}}??下面的短文有15处空白请根据短文内容为每处空白确定1个最佳选项 ??????? ??????????? ??????????? ??{{B}}??MiddleAge:ALowPointforMost{{/B}}? ?Peoplearoundtheglobehittheheightoftheirmiseryanddepression in{{U}}?51?{{/U}}ageanewinternationalstudysuggests.? ?ThefindingbyBritishandAmericanresearcherswasbasedonananalysis ofwell-beingamongapproximately2millionpeoplein80nations.Withfew exceptionstheobservationappearstoapplyacrosstheboardregardless{{U}} ?52?{{/U}}gender性别culturegeographywealthjobhistory educationandmarriageorparentalstatus.??Thescientific factseemstobethathappinessandpositivementalhealthfollowagiant ’U’{{U}}?53?{{/U}}throughlifesaidstudyauthorAndrewJ. OswaldaprofessorofeconomicsatWarwickUniversityinWarwickshireEngland. Fortheaveragepersonit’shighwhenyou’re20andthenitslowlyfallsand bottomsout{{U}}?54?{{/U}}your40s.Butthegoodnewsisthatyour{{U}} ?55?{{/U}}healthpicksupagainandeventuallygetsbacktothehigh levelsofouryouth.Thefindingwas{{U}}?56?{{/U}}onthepooling ofseveraldifferentsourcesofhappinessdataincluding:twomulti-decade happiness/satisfactionsurveysfirstlaunchedinthe1970sinvolvingabout 500000AmericanandWesternEuropeanmenandwomen;fourroundsofthe 80-nationWorldValuesSurvey{{U}}?57?{{/U}}between1981and2004in NorthAmericaEasternandWesternEuropeAsiaAfricaAustraliaandCentral andSouthAmerica;anda2004-2007survey{{U}}?58?{{/U}}nearly1 millionBritons.??Thebottom-line:Formostpeoplethroughoutthe worldthehighestprobabilityfordepressionstrikingisaround44yearsof{{U}} ?59?{{/U}}.??IntheUnitedStateshoweversome as-yetunexplained{{U}}?60?{{/U}}differenceswereobservedwith happinessamongmendippingthemostintheirearly50swhereaswomenhittheir nadir最低点aroundtheageof40.??Theresearcherscautionedthat cheerfulpeopletendtolivelongerthanunhappy{{U}}?61?{{/U}}—afact thatmighthaveskewed使偏斜theoverallfinding.Buttheyalsosuggestedthat evidenceofahappiness{{U}}?62?{{/U}}mightsimplyreflectamidlife choicetogiveuplong-heldbutnolongertenable守得住的aspirations志向 follwedbyasenior’ssenseofgratitudeforhavingsuccessfullyendured{{U}} ?63?{{/U}}othersdidnot.??Thatsaidsomemightfind ithelpfulsimplytounderstandthegeneral{{U}}?64?{{/U}}ofmental healthastheygothroughtheirownlifesaidOswald.Itmightbeusefulfor peopletorealizethatiftheyare{{U}}?65?{{/U}}intheir40sthisis normal.Itisnotexceptional.Andjustknowingthismight help.
{{*HTML*}}??下面的短文有15处空白请根据短文内容为每处空白确定1个最佳选项 ??????? ??????????? ??????????? ??{{B}}??MiddleAge:ALowPointforMost{{/B}}? ?Peoplearoundtheglobehittheheightoftheirmiseryanddepression in{{U}}?51?{{/U}}ageanewinternationalstudysuggests.? ?ThefindingbyBritishandAmericanresearcherswasbasedonananalysis ofwell-beingamongapproximately2millionpeoplein80nations.Withfew exceptionstheobservationappearstoapplyacrosstheboardregardless{{U}} ?52?{{/U}}gender性别culturegeographywealthjobhistory educationandmarriageorparentalstatus.??Thescientific factseemstobethathappinessandpositivementalhealthfollowagiant ’U’{{U}}?53?{{/U}}throughlifesaidstudyauthorAndrewJ. OswaldaprofessorofeconomicsatWarwickUniversityinWarwickshireEngland. Fortheaveragepersonit’shighwhenyou’re20andthenitslowlyfallsand bottomsout{{U}}?54?{{/U}}your40s.Butthegoodnewsisthatyour{{U}} ?55?{{/U}}healthpicksupagainandeventuallygetsbacktothehigh levelsofouryouth.Thefindingwas{{U}}?56?{{/U}}onthepooling ofseveraldifferentsourcesofhappinessdataincluding:twomulti-decade happiness/satisfactionsurveysfirstlaunchedinthe1970sinvolvingabout 500000AmericanandWesternEuropeanmenandwomen;fourroundsofthe 80-nationWorldValuesSurvey{{U}}?57?{{/U}}between1981and2004in NorthAmericaEasternandWesternEuropeAsiaAfricaAustraliaandCentral andSouthAmerica;anda2004-2007survey{{U}}?58?{{/U}}nearly1 millionBritons.??Thebottom-line:Formostpeoplethroughoutthe worldthehighestprobabilityfordepressionstrikingisaround44yearsof{{U}} ?59?{{/U}}.??IntheUnitedStateshoweversome as-yetunexplained{{U}}?60?{{/U}}differenceswereobservedwith happinessamongmendippingthemostintheirearly50swhereaswomenhittheir nadir最低点aroundtheageof40.??Theresearcherscautionedthat cheerfulpeopletendtolivelongerthanunhappy{{U}}?61?{{/U}}—afact thatmighthaveskewed使偏斜theoverallfinding.Buttheyalsosuggestedthat evidenceofahappiness{{U}}?62?{{/U}}mightsimplyreflectamidlife choicetogiveuplong-heldbutnolongertenable守得住的aspirations志向 follwedbyasenior’ssenseofgratitudeforhavingsuccessfullyendured{{U}} ?63?{{/U}}othersdidnot.??Thatsaidsomemightfind ithelpfulsimplytounderstandthegeneral{{U}}?64?{{/U}}ofmental healthastheygothroughtheirownlifesaidOswald.Itmightbeusefulfor peopletorealizethatiftheyare{{U}}?65?{{/U}}intheir40sthisis normal.Itisnotexceptional.Andjustknowingthismight help.
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{{*HTML*}}??下面有3篇短文每篇短文后有5道题请根据短文内容为每题确定1个最佳选项{{B}}第一篇{{/B}} {{B}}??????? ??????????? ???????YouthEmancipationin Spain{{/B}}??TheSpanishGovernmentissoworriedaboutthenumber ofyoungadultsstilllivingwiththeirparentsthatithasdecidedtohelpthem leavethenest.??Around55percentofpeopleaged18-34inSpain stillsleepintheirparents’homesaysthelatestreportfromthecountry’s state-runInstituteofYouth.??Tocoax劝诱youngpeoplefrom theirhomestheInstitutestartedaYouthEmancipation解放programmethis month.Theprogrammeoffersguidanceinfindingroomsandjobs.? ?Economistsblameyoungpeople’sfamilydependenceonthe precarious不稳定的labourmarketandincreasinghousingprices.Housingpriceshave risen17percentayearsince2000.??Culturalreasonsalso contributetotheproblemsaysociologists社会学家.Familytiesinsouth Europe—ItalyPortugalandGreece—arestrongerthanthoseinmiddleandnorth EuropesaidSpanishsociologistAlmudenaMorenoMinguezinherreportTheLate EmancipationofSpanishYouth:KeyforUnderstanding.??In generalyoungpeopleinSpainfirmlybelieveinthefamilyasthemainbody aroundwhichtheirprivate.lifeisorganizedsaidMinguez.??In Spain—especiallyinthecountrysideitisnotuncommontofindentiregroups ofauntsunclescousinsniecesandnephews外甥/侄子alllivingonthesame street.TheyregularlygettogetherforSundaydinner.??Parents’ toleranceisanotherfactor.Spanishparentsacceptlate-nightpartyingandare waryofsettingbedtimerules.??Achildcanarrivehomeat whatevertimehewants.Ifparentscomplainhe’llputupafightandcallthe fatherafascistsaidJos6AntonioGomezYanezasociologistatCarlosIII UniversityinMadrid.??Mothers’willingnesstodochildren’s householdchores家务worsenstheproblem.DionisioMassoa60-year-oldin Madridhasthreechildrenintheir20s.Theeldest28hasagirlfriendanda job.Butlifewithmumisgood.??Hismumdoesthewashandcooks forhim;intheendheliveswellMassosaid.Youngpeople’sfamilydependencecanbeattributedtoallthefollowingfactorsEXCEPT
{{*HTML*}}{{B}}第二篇{{/B}} {{B}}??????? ??????????? SurprisedbyaMiracle{{/B}}??Ihadbeenworkinginthetraumaunit atalocalhospitalforaboutayear.Yougetusedtofamiliesthinkingthata coma昏迷patientismovingtheirhandordoingsomethingthattheywereasked todo.Followingcommandsiswhatwecallit.Oftenit’swishfulthinkingon thefamilies’part.Nursescaneasilybecomecallous麻木不仁的toit.? ?Onthisparticularnightduringvisitinghoursmypatient’swifecamein. Ihadtakencareofhimforseveralnights.Iwasveryfamiliarwithhiscare andwhathewasabletodo.Actuallyhedidn’tdoanything.Hebarelymovedat allevenwhensomethingwouldobviouslyhurthimsuchas suctioning抽吸.??Hiswifewasveryshortabout5feettall.She hadtostandonastooltoleanoverhimsothatshecouldseehisfaceand talktohim.Sheclimbeduponthestool.Ispoketoherforafewminutesand thensteppedouttotendtomyotherpatient.Afewminuteslatershecame runningoutoftheroom.InanexcitedvoiceshesaidDonnahe’smovinghis hand!??Iimmediatelythoughtthatitwasprobablyher imaginationandthathehadnotactuallydoneitonpurpose.Hehadbeenthere aboutamonthatthetimeandhadnevermadeanymovementsonpurpose.Iasked herwhathadhappenedandshesaidIaskedhimtosqueezemyhandandhe did!??Thisledmetoanothertrainofquestioning.Butdidhe letgowhenyouaskedhimto?Shesaidyesthathehaddoneexactlywhatshe asked.??Iwentintotheroomwithhernotreallybelievingthat IwouldseeanythingdifferentthanIhadalwaysseen.ButIdecidedthatit wouldbebettertopacify抚慰herthantomakeherthinkthatIdidn’tbelieve herorthatshewassomehowmistaken.??Sheaskedhimtosqueeze herhandwhichhedid.??IsaidWellaskhimtoletgo.He continuedtosqueezeforamomentsothatwhenhefinallydidletgoIreally stilldidn’tbelievethathehaddoneitonpurpose.SoIsaidAskhimto holduponefinger.Hedidasasked.??Wellhmmthiswas startingtogetmyattention.Ilookedathimhisfacestillsomewhatswollen 肿胀的andhiseyesstillclosed.Stickoutyourtongue!Isaid.Hedidit.I almostfellonthefloor.ItwasthefirsttimeIhadeverseenanyonewake up.Whatconditionhadthepatientbeeninbeforethatparticularnight?
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{{*HTML*}}{{B}}第三篇{{/B}} {{B}}??????? ??????????? ???SlowingAging:WaytoFightDiseasesin21st Century{{/B}}??AgroupofagingexpertsfromtheUnitedStatesand theUnitedKingdomsuggestthatthebeststrat-egyforpreventingandfightinga multitudeofdiseasesistofocusonslowingthebiologicalprocessesof aging.???Thetraditionalmedicalapproachofattacking individualdiseases—cancerdiabetesheartdiseaseAlzheimer’sdisease 早老邢痴呆病andParkinson’sdisease帕金森氏病—willsoonbecomelesseffectiveifwe donotdeterminehowallofthesediseaseseitherinteractorsharecommon mechanismswithagingsaysS.JayOlshanskyprofessorofepidemiologyatthe UniversityofIllinoisatChicagoSchoolofPublicHealthandseniorauthorof thecommentary.??Middle-agedandolderpeoplearemostoften impactedbysimultaneousbutindependentmedicalconditions.Acureforanyof themajorfataldiseaseswouldhaveonlyamarginalimpactonlifeexpectancy 预期寿命andthelengthofhealthylifeOlshanskysaid.??The authorssuggestthatanewparadigm模式ofhealthpromotionanddisease preventioncouldproduceunprecedentedsocialeconomicandhealthdividendsfor currentandfuturegenerationsiftheagingpopulationisprovidedwithextended yearsofhealthylife.??Theynotethatalllivingthings includinghumanspossessbiochemicalmechanismsthatinfluencehowquicklywe ageandthroughdietary饮食的interventionorgeneticalterationitis possibletoextendlifespantopostponeaging-relatedprocessesand diseases.??Furtherresearchinlaboratorymodelsisexpectedto providecluestoanddeeperunderstandingofhowexistinginterventionssuchas exerciseandgoodnutritionmayleadtolifelongwell-being.? ?Theauthorsalsoproposegreatlyincreasedfundingforbasicresearchinto thefundamentalcellular细胞的andphysiologicalchangesthatdriveaging itself.??Webelievethatthepotentialbenefitsofslowing agingprocesseshavebeenunderrecognizedbymostofthescientificcommunity saidOlshanskyWecallonthehealth-researchdecision-makerstoallocate substantialresourcestosupportanddeveloppracticalinterventionsthatslow aginginpeople.??Anincreaseinage-relateddiseasesand escalatinghealthcarecostsmakethisthetimeforasystematicattackon agingitselftheauthorswrite.??Olshanskyandcolleagues contendthatmodernmedicineisalreadyheavilyinvestedineffortstoextend lifeandtheyarguethatafreshemphasisonaginghasthepotentialtoimprove healthandqualityoflifefarmoreefficientlythaniscurrently possible.ItispossibletoextendlifespanbymeansofallthefollowingEXCEPT
{{*HTML*}}??下面的短文有5处空白短文后有6个句子其中5个取自短文请根据短文内容将其分别放回原有位置以恢复文章原貌 ?????????? ??????????? ?????????{{B}}MyLifeat Renda{{/B}}??Ilearnedveryquicklythatbeingateachingassistant TAattheUniversityofIowawouldbedifferentfrombeingateacheratRenmin University.??{{U}}?46?{{/U}}Eyesstaringmouthsopen studentsexaminedmybignosewhilewaswritingmynameonthe blackboard.???AtIowawhenmyfirstclassesbeganhalfof mystudentsstillhadn’tarrived.Whenveryonefinallyfoundaseatringing cellphonesandloudyawns哈欠interruptedmyopeningremarks.Itisnotthat Americanstudentsweredisrespectful.{{U}}?47?{{/U}}Theywere howeverfarmoreskepticalthanthestudentsIhadatRenda.ThetruthisI couldn’tfaultthemfortheirskepticism.UndergraduatesatlargeUS universities—especiallyfreshmenandsophomores—oftenhaveseveralclassesa semesterhandledbyTAs.InsomecasestheTAsetsthecoursecontent. {{U}}?48?{{/U}}?Mosthavegoodintentionsbutveryfewareas effectiveasprofessors.??Everyteacherhastoconfrontobstacles tolearning—nomatterwhattheculture.Studentswhotalkduringlectures studentswhocheatstudentswhoquestionthegradetheygetforapaperor projectdealingwiththeseisallpartofthejob.{{U}}?49 ?{{/U}}.??ThedifferenceIthinkisthatintheUSIhadto swallowmoreofmypride.{{U}}?50?{{/U}}??Ihada responsibilitytoteachthemofcoursebutIhadtodosoindirectly—asa guidewhohimselfhadafewthingstolearnfromthestudents.? ?A.BackatRendaIhadwalkedintomyfirstclassesfeelinglikea celebrity.??B.Inmystudents’mindsIhadlittletoofferthem exceptperhapssomesamplequestionsforthemid-termexam.??C. InotherstheTAworksasagraderanddiscussionleader.??D.I encounteredtheseinChinaandIfacedthemintheUS.??E.On theotherhandbeingtaughtbyagraduatestudentisnotnecessarily bad.??F.Mostwerepoliteoratleastindifferent.
{{*HTML*}}??下面的短文有15处空白请根据短文内容为每处空白确定1个最佳选项 ??????? ??????????? ??????????? ??{{B}}??MiddleAge:ALowPointforMost{{/B}}? ?Peoplearoundtheglobehittheheightoftheirmiseryanddepression in{{U}}?51?{{/U}}ageanewinternationalstudysuggests.? ?ThefindingbyBritishandAmericanresearcherswasbasedonananalysis ofwell-beingamongapproximately2millionpeoplein80nations.Withfew exceptionstheobservationappearstoapplyacrosstheboardregardless{{U}} ?52?{{/U}}gender性别culturegeographywealthjobhistory educationandmarriageorparentalstatus.??Thescientific factseemstobethathappinessandpositivementalhealthfollowagiant ’U’{{U}}?53?{{/U}}throughlifesaidstudyauthorAndrewJ. OswaldaprofessorofeconomicsatWarwickUniversityinWarwickshireEngland. Fortheaveragepersonit’shighwhenyou’re20andthenitslowlyfallsand bottomsout{{U}}?54?{{/U}}your40s.Butthegoodnewsisthatyour{{U}} ?55?{{/U}}healthpicksupagainandeventuallygetsbacktothehigh levelsofouryouth.Thefindingwas{{U}}?56?{{/U}}onthepooling ofseveraldifferentsourcesofhappinessdataincluding:twomulti-decade happiness/satisfactionsurveysfirstlaunchedinthe1970sinvolvingabout 500000AmericanandWesternEuropeanmenandwomen;fourroundsofthe 80-nationWorldValuesSurvey{{U}}?57?{{/U}}between1981and2004in NorthAmericaEasternandWesternEuropeAsiaAfricaAustraliaandCentral andSouthAmerica;anda2004-2007survey{{U}}?58?{{/U}}nearly1 millionBritons.??Thebottom-line:Formostpeoplethroughoutthe worldthehighestprobabilityfordepressionstrikingisaround44yearsof{{U}} ?59?{{/U}}.??IntheUnitedStateshoweversome as-yetunexplained{{U}}?60?{{/U}}differenceswereobservedwith happinessamongmendippingthemostintheirearly50swhereaswomenhittheir nadir最低点aroundtheageof40.??Theresearcherscautionedthat cheerfulpeopletendtolivelongerthanunhappy{{U}}?61?{{/U}}—afact thatmighthaveskewed使偏斜theoverallfinding.Buttheyalsosuggestedthat evidenceofahappiness{{U}}?62?{{/U}}mightsimplyreflectamidlife choicetogiveuplong-heldbutnolongertenable守得住的aspirations志向 follwedbyasenior’ssenseofgratitudeforhavingsuccessfullyendured{{U}} ?63?{{/U}}othersdidnot.??Thatsaidsomemightfind ithelpfulsimplytounderstandthegeneral{{U}}?64?{{/U}}ofmental healthastheygothroughtheirownlifesaidOswald.Itmightbeusefulfor peopletorealizethatiftheyare{{U}}?65?{{/U}}intheir40sthisis normal.Itisnotexceptional.Andjustknowingthismight help.
{{*HTML*}}??下面的短文有15处空白请根据短文内容为每处空白确定1个最佳选项 ??????? ??????????? ??????????? ??{{B}}??MiddleAge:ALowPointforMost{{/B}}? ?Peoplearoundtheglobehittheheightoftheirmiseryanddepression in{{U}}?51?{{/U}}ageanewinternationalstudysuggests.? ?ThefindingbyBritishandAmericanresearcherswasbasedonananalysis ofwell-beingamongapproximately2millionpeoplein80nations.Withfew exceptionstheobservationappearstoapplyacrosstheboardregardless{{U}} ?52?{{/U}}gender性别culturegeographywealthjobhistory educationandmarriageorparentalstatus.??Thescientific factseemstobethathappinessandpositivementalhealthfollowagiant ’U’{{U}}?53?{{/U}}throughlifesaidstudyauthorAndrewJ. OswaldaprofessorofeconomicsatWarwickUniversityinWarwickshireEngland. Fortheaveragepersonit’shighwhenyou’re20andthenitslowlyfallsand bottomsout{{U}}?54?{{/U}}your40s.Butthegoodnewsisthatyour{{U}} ?55?{{/U}}healthpicksupagainandeventuallygetsbacktothehigh levelsofouryouth.Thefindingwas{{U}}?56?{{/U}}onthepooling ofseveraldifferentsourcesofhappinessdataincluding:twomulti-decade happiness/satisfactionsurveysfirstlaunchedinthe1970sinvolvingabout 500000AmericanandWesternEuropeanmenandwomen;fourroundsofthe 80-nationWorldValuesSurvey{{U}}?57?{{/U}}between1981and2004in NorthAmericaEasternandWesternEuropeAsiaAfricaAustraliaandCentral andSouthAmerica;anda2004-2007survey{{U}}?58?{{/U}}nearly1 millionBritons.??Thebottom-line:Formostpeoplethroughoutthe worldthehighestprobabilityfordepressionstrikingisaround44yearsof{{U}} ?59?{{/U}}.??IntheUnitedStateshoweversome as-yetunexplained{{U}}?60?{{/U}}differenceswereobservedwith happinessamongmendippingthemostintheirearly50swhereaswomenhittheir nadir最低点aroundtheageof40.??Theresearcherscautionedthat cheerfulpeopletendtolivelongerthanunhappy{{U}}?61?{{/U}}—afact thatmighthaveskewed使偏斜theoverallfinding.Buttheyalsosuggestedthat evidenceofahappiness{{U}}?62?{{/U}}mightsimplyreflectamidlife choicetogiveuplong-heldbutnolongertenable守得住的aspirations志向 follwedbyasenior’ssenseofgratitudeforhavingsuccessfullyendured{{U}} ?63?{{/U}}othersdidnot.??Thatsaidsomemightfind ithelpfulsimplytounderstandthegeneral{{U}}?64?{{/U}}ofmental healthastheygothroughtheirownlifesaidOswald.Itmightbeusefulfor peopletorealizethatiftheyare{{U}}?65?{{/U}}intheir40sthisis normal.Itisnotexceptional.Andjustknowingthismight help.
{{*HTML*}}??下面的短文有15处空白请根据短文内容为每处空白确定1个最佳选项 ??????? ??????????? ??????????? ??{{B}}??MiddleAge:ALowPointforMost{{/B}}? ?Peoplearoundtheglobehittheheightoftheirmiseryanddepression in{{U}}?51?{{/U}}ageanewinternationalstudysuggests.? ?ThefindingbyBritishandAmericanresearcherswasbasedonananalysis ofwell-beingamongapproximately2millionpeoplein80nations.Withfew exceptionstheobservationappearstoapplyacrosstheboardregardless{{U}} ?52?{{/U}}gender性别culturegeographywealthjobhistory educationandmarriageorparentalstatus.??Thescientific factseemstobethathappinessandpositivementalhealthfollowagiant ’U’{{U}}?53?{{/U}}throughlifesaidstudyauthorAndrewJ. OswaldaprofessorofeconomicsatWarwickUniversityinWarwickshireEngland. Fortheaveragepersonit’shighwhenyou’re20andthenitslowlyfallsand bottomsout{{U}}?54?{{/U}}your40s.Butthegoodnewsisthatyour{{U}} ?55?{{/U}}healthpicksupagainandeventuallygetsbacktothehigh levelsofouryouth.Thefindingwas{{U}}?56?{{/U}}onthepooling ofseveraldifferentsourcesofhappinessdataincluding:twomulti-decade happiness/satisfactionsurveysfirstlaunchedinthe1970sinvolvingabout 500000AmericanandWesternEuropeanmenandwomen;fourroundsofthe 80-nationWorldValuesSurvey{{U}}?57?{{/U}}between1981and2004in NorthAmericaEasternandWesternEuropeAsiaAfricaAustraliaandCentral andSouthAmerica;anda2004-2007survey{{U}}?58?{{/U}}nearly1 millionBritons.??Thebottom-line:Formostpeoplethroughoutthe worldthehighestprobabilityfordepressionstrikingisaround44yearsof{{U}} ?59?{{/U}}.??IntheUnitedStateshoweversome as-yetunexplained{{U}}?60?{{/U}}differenceswereobservedwith happinessamongmendippingthemostintheirearly50swhereaswomenhittheir nadir最低点aroundtheageof40.??Theresearcherscautionedthat cheerfulpeopletendtolivelongerthanunhappy{{U}}?61?{{/U}}—afact thatmighthaveskewed使偏斜theoverallfinding.Buttheyalsosuggestedthat evidenceofahappiness{{U}}?62?{{/U}}mightsimplyreflectamidlife choicetogiveuplong-heldbutnolongertenable守得住的aspirations志向 follwedbyasenior’ssenseofgratitudeforhavingsuccessfullyendured{{U}} ?63?{{/U}}othersdidnot.??Thatsaidsomemightfind ithelpfulsimplytounderstandthegeneral{{U}}?64?{{/U}}ofmental healthastheygothroughtheirownlifesaidOswald.Itmightbeusefulfor peopletorealizethatiftheyare{{U}}?65?{{/U}}intheir40sthisis normal.Itisnotexceptional.Andjustknowingthismight help.
{{*HTML*}}??下面的短文有5处空白短文后有6个句子其中5个取自短文请根据短文内容将其分别放回原有位置以恢复文章原貌 ?????????? ??????????? ?????????{{B}}MyLifeat Renda{{/B}}??Ilearnedveryquicklythatbeingateachingassistant TAattheUniversityofIowawouldbedifferentfrombeingateacheratRenmin University.??{{U}}?46?{{/U}}Eyesstaringmouthsopen studentsexaminedmybignosewhilewaswritingmynameonthe blackboard.???AtIowawhenmyfirstclassesbeganhalfof mystudentsstillhadn’tarrived.Whenveryonefinallyfoundaseatringing cellphonesandloudyawns哈欠interruptedmyopeningremarks.Itisnotthat Americanstudentsweredisrespectful.{{U}}?47?{{/U}}Theywere howeverfarmoreskepticalthanthestudentsIhadatRenda.ThetruthisI couldn’tfaultthemfortheirskepticism.UndergraduatesatlargeUS universities—especiallyfreshmenandsophomores—oftenhaveseveralclassesa semesterhandledbyTAs.InsomecasestheTAsetsthecoursecontent. {{U}}?48?{{/U}}?Mosthavegoodintentionsbutveryfewareas effectiveasprofessors.??Everyteacherhastoconfrontobstacles tolearning—nomatterwhattheculture.Studentswhotalkduringlectures studentswhocheatstudentswhoquestionthegradetheygetforapaperor projectdealingwiththeseisallpartofthejob.{{U}}?49 ?{{/U}}.??ThedifferenceIthinkisthatintheUSIhadto swallowmoreofmypride.{{U}}?50?{{/U}}??Ihada responsibilitytoteachthemofcoursebutIhadtodosoindirectly—asa guidewhohimselfhadafewthingstolearnfromthestudents.? ?A.BackatRendaIhadwalkedintomyfirstclassesfeelinglikea celebrity.??B.Inmystudents’mindsIhadlittletoofferthem exceptperhapssomesamplequestionsforthemid-termexam.??C. InotherstheTAworksasagraderanddiscussionleader.??D.I encounteredtheseinChinaandIfacedthemintheUS.??E.On theotherhandbeingtaughtbyagraduatestudentisnotnecessarily bad.??F.Mostwerepoliteoratleastindifferent.
{{*HTML*}}??下面的短文有15处空白请根据短文内容为每处空白确定1个最佳选项 ??????? ??????????? ??????????? ??{{B}}??MiddleAge:ALowPointforMost{{/B}}? ?Peoplearoundtheglobehittheheightoftheirmiseryanddepression in{{U}}?51?{{/U}}ageanewinternationalstudysuggests.? ?ThefindingbyBritishandAmericanresearcherswasbasedonananalysis ofwell-beingamongapproximately2millionpeoplein80nations.Withfew exceptionstheobservationappearstoapplyacrosstheboardregardless{{U}} ?52?{{/U}}gender性别culturegeographywealthjobhistory educationandmarriageorparentalstatus.??Thescientific factseemstobethathappinessandpositivementalhealthfollowagiant ’U’{{U}}?53?{{/U}}throughlifesaidstudyauthorAndrewJ. OswaldaprofessorofeconomicsatWarwickUniversityinWarwickshireEngland. Fortheaveragepersonit’shighwhenyou’re20andthenitslowlyfallsand bottomsout{{U}}?54?{{/U}}your40s.Butthegoodnewsisthatyour{{U}} ?55?{{/U}}healthpicksupagainandeventuallygetsbacktothehigh levelsofouryouth.Thefindingwas{{U}}?56?{{/U}}onthepooling ofseveraldifferentsourcesofhappinessdataincluding:twomulti-decade happiness/satisfactionsurveysfirstlaunchedinthe1970sinvolvingabout 500000AmericanandWesternEuropeanmenandwomen;fourroundsofthe 80-nationWorldValuesSurvey{{U}}?57?{{/U}}between1981and2004in NorthAmericaEasternandWesternEuropeAsiaAfricaAustraliaandCentral andSouthAmerica;anda2004-2007survey{{U}}?58?{{/U}}nearly1 millionBritons.??Thebottom-line:Formostpeoplethroughoutthe worldthehighestprobabilityfordepressionstrikingisaround44yearsof{{U}} ?59?{{/U}}.??IntheUnitedStateshoweversome as-yetunexplained{{U}}?60?{{/U}}differenceswereobservedwith happinessamongmendippingthemostintheirearly50swhereaswomenhittheir nadir最低点aroundtheageof40.??Theresearcherscautionedthat cheerfulpeopletendtolivelongerthanunhappy{{U}}?61?{{/U}}—afact thatmighthaveskewed使偏斜theoverallfinding.Buttheyalsosuggestedthat evidenceofahappiness{{U}}?62?{{/U}}mightsimplyreflectamidlife choicetogiveuplong-heldbutnolongertenable守得住的aspirations志向 follwedbyasenior’ssenseofgratitudeforhavingsuccessfullyendured{{U}} ?63?{{/U}}othersdidnot.??Thatsaidsomemightfind ithelpfulsimplytounderstandthegeneral{{U}}?64?{{/U}}ofmental healthastheygothroughtheirownlifesaidOswald.Itmightbeusefulfor peopletorealizethatiftheyare{{U}}?65?{{/U}}intheir40sthisis normal.Itisnotexceptional.Andjustknowingthismight help.
{{*HTML*}}? ?下面的短文后列出了7个句子请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断如果该句提供的是正确信息请选择A如果该句提供的是错误信息请选择B如果该句的信息文中没有提及请选择C ??????? ??????????? ???????{{B}}CancerDrugTrialsOften HaltedEarly{{/B}}??Anincreasingnumberofclinicaltrialsfornew cancertreatmentsarebeinghaltedbeforetherisksandbenefitshavebeenfully evaluatedsayItalianresearcherswhowarnthatthisgrowingtrendcouldput patientsatriskofharmfromnewtherapiesrushedintouse.??The researcherslookedat25randomizedcontrolledclinicaltrialsthatwere stoppedearlybecausethetreatmentshadstartedtoshowbenefitto patients.??Whenweanalyzed25trialsovera10-yearperiod between1997and2007wefoundaconsistentincreaseinprematurelystopped trials—morethan50percentwerestoppedwithinthelastthreeyearsstudy co-authorGiovanniApolonesaidatanewsconferenceTuesday.??Of 14trialshaltedearlyandpublishedbetween2005and2007theresearchersfound that1179percentofthemwereusedtosupportdrugapprovalapplications submittedtotheEuropeanMedicinesAgencyandtheUSFoodandDrug Administration.??Thissuggestsastrongcommercialcomponentin stoppingtrialsprematurely.Infactthisstrategycouldguaranteequicker accesstothemarketforcompanies.Ontheotherhandaquickerclinicaldrug developmentmayleadtoan’immature’benefit/riskbalanceofnewdrugs Apolonesaid.Heandhiscolleaguesareawarethattrialsstoppedearlybecause theyareshowingbenefitmayresultinidentificationofpromisingnew treatmentsforpatients.Howeverfindingsobtainedfollowingthisstrategy shouldbeconsideredtobepreliminaryresultsthatrequiresubsequent confirmation.??Itcantakeseveralyearsforthelong-term benefitsorharmfulsideeffectsofanewtreatmenttobecomeapparentApolone notedbuttheaverageduration持续时间ofthe25studiesheandhiscolleagues analyzedwas30monthswitharangefrom12to64months.??They alsofoundthatatthetimefiveofthestudieswerestoppedthey’denrolled lessthan40percentofthetotalnumberofpatientsplannedforfinal analysis.??Clinicaltrialsneedtostopearlyforsuperior benefitwheneverthere’sproofbeyondreasonabledoubtthatthenewtreatment reallyissuperior.ThatwouldbeanethicalobligationStuartPococka professorofmedicalstatisticsattheLondonSchoolofHygieneandTropical MedicineintheUnitedKingdomsaidatthenewsconference.Howevertoomany trialsarestoppedearlyclaimingefficacy功效withoutstrongevidencebeing available.Thetrialswerestoppedearlybecausethetreatmentsprovedtobeofnovalue.
{{*HTML*}}{{B}}第二篇{{/B}} {{B}}??????? ??????????? SurprisedbyaMiracle{{/B}}??Ihadbeenworkinginthetraumaunit atalocalhospitalforaboutayear.Yougetusedtofamiliesthinkingthata coma昏迷patientismovingtheirhandordoingsomethingthattheywereasked todo.Followingcommandsiswhatwecallit.Oftenit’swishfulthinkingon thefamilies’part.Nursescaneasilybecomecallous麻木不仁的toit.? ?Onthisparticularnightduringvisitinghoursmypatient’swifecamein. Ihadtakencareofhimforseveralnights.Iwasveryfamiliarwithhiscare andwhathewasabletodo.Actuallyhedidn’tdoanything.Hebarelymovedat allevenwhensomethingwouldobviouslyhurthimsuchas suctioning抽吸.??Hiswifewasveryshortabout5feettall.She hadtostandonastooltoleanoverhimsothatshecouldseehisfaceand talktohim.Sheclimbeduponthestool.Ispoketoherforafewminutesand thensteppedouttotendtomyotherpatient.Afewminuteslatershecame runningoutoftheroom.InanexcitedvoiceshesaidDonnahe’smovinghis hand!??Iimmediatelythoughtthatitwasprobablyher imaginationandthathehadnotactuallydoneitonpurpose.Hehadbeenthere aboutamonthatthetimeandhadnevermadeanymovementsonpurpose.Iasked herwhathadhappenedandshesaidIaskedhimtosqueezemyhandandhe did!??Thisledmetoanothertrainofquestioning.Butdidhe letgowhenyouaskedhimto?Shesaidyesthathehaddoneexactlywhatshe asked.??Iwentintotheroomwithhernotreallybelievingthat IwouldseeanythingdifferentthanIhadalwaysseen.ButIdecidedthatit wouldbebettertopacify抚慰herthantomakeherthinkthatIdidn’tbelieve herorthatshewassomehowmistaken.??Sheaskedhimtosqueeze herhandwhichhedid.??IsaidWellaskhimtoletgo.He continuedtosqueezeforamomentsothatwhenhefinallydidletgoIreally stilldidn’tbelievethathehaddoneitonpurpose.SoIsaidAskhimto holduponefinger.Hedidasasked.??Wellhmmthiswas startingtogetmyattention.Ilookedathimhisfacestillsomewhatswollen 肿胀的andhiseyesstillclosed.Stickoutyourtongue!Isaid.Hedidit.I almostfellonthefloor.ItwasthefirsttimeIhadeverseenanyonewake up.Whatdidthepatientdoonthatparticularnight?
{{*HTML*}}? ?下面的短文后有2项测试任务1第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第1～4段每段选择1个最佳标题2第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定1个最佳选项 ?????????? ??????????? ???????{{B}}Cancer{{/B}}1.Cancerisa groupofmanyrelateddiseasesthatbeginincellsthebody’sbasicbuilding blocks.Thebodyismadeupofmanytypesofcells.Normallycellsgrowand dividetoproducemorecellsastheyareneededtokeepthebodyhealthy. SometimesthisorderlyprocessgoeswrongNewcellsformwhenthebodydoes notneedthemandoldcellsdonotdiewhentheyshould.Theextracellsforma massoftissuecalledagrowthortumor肿瘤.Benign良性的tumorsarenot cancer.Theycanoftenberemovedandinmostcasestheydonotcomeback. Malignant恶性的tumorsarecancer.Cellsinmalignanttumorsareabnormaland dividewithoutcontrolororder.2.Scientistshavelearnedthatcanceris causedbychangesingenesthatnormallycontrolthegrowthanddeathofcells. Certainlifestyleandenvironmentalfactorscanchangesomenormalgenesinto genesthatallowthegrowthofcancer.Manygenechangesthatleadtocancerare theresultoftobaccousedietexposuretoultraviolet紫外线的radiationfrom thesunorexposuretocarcinogens致症物intheworkplaceorinthe environment.Somegenealterationsareinherited.3.Cancertreatmentcan includesurgeryradiationtherapychemotherapy化疗hormonetherapyand biologicaltherapy.Thedoctormayuseonemethodoracombinationofmethods dependingonthetypeandlocationofthecancerwhetherthediseasehas spreadthepatient’sageandgeneralhealthandotherfactors.Because treatmentforcancercanalsodamagehealthyceilsandtissuesitoftencauses sideeffects.Patientsanddoctorsgenerallydiscussthetreatmentoptions weighingthelikelybenefitsofkillingcancercellsandtherisksofpossible sideeffects.4.Havingcancerdoesnotalwaysmeanhavingpain.Whethera patienthaspainmaydependonthetypeofcancertheextentofthedisease andthepatient’stoleranceforpain.Mostpainoccurswhenthecancergrowsand pressesagainstbonesorgansornerves.Painmayalsobeasideeffectof treatment.Howeverpaincangenerallyberelievedorreducedwithprescription medicinesorover-the-counterdrugsrecommendedbythedoctor. A.Howiscancertreated? B.Doescanceralwayscausepain? C.Cancancerbeprevented? D.Whatiscancer? E.Howcommoniscancer? F.Whatcausescancer?Paragraph1______
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{{*HTML*}}{{B}}第三篇{{/B}} {{B}}??????? ??????????? ???SlowingAging:WaytoFightDiseasesin21st Century{{/B}}??AgroupofagingexpertsfromtheUnitedStatesand theUnitedKingdomsuggestthatthebeststrat-egyforpreventingandfightinga multitudeofdiseasesistofocusonslowingthebiologicalprocessesof aging.???Thetraditionalmedicalapproachofattacking individualdiseases—cancerdiabetesheartdiseaseAlzheimer’sdisease 早老邢痴呆病andParkinson’sdisease帕金森氏病—willsoonbecomelesseffectiveifwe donotdeterminehowallofthesediseaseseitherinteractorsharecommon mechanismswithagingsaysS.JayOlshanskyprofessorofepidemiologyatthe UniversityofIllinoisatChicagoSchoolofPublicHealthandseniorauthorof thecommentary.??Middle-agedandolderpeoplearemostoften impactedbysimultaneousbutindependentmedicalconditions.Acureforanyof themajorfataldiseaseswouldhaveonlyamarginalimpactonlifeexpectancy 预期寿命andthelengthofhealthylifeOlshanskysaid.??The authorssuggestthatanewparadigm模式ofhealthpromotionanddisease preventioncouldproduceunprecedentedsocialeconomicandhealthdividendsfor currentandfuturegenerationsiftheagingpopulationisprovidedwithextended yearsofhealthylife.??Theynotethatalllivingthings includinghumanspossessbiochemicalmechanismsthatinfluencehowquicklywe ageandthroughdietary饮食的interventionorgeneticalterationitis possibletoextendlifespantopostponeaging-relatedprocessesand diseases.??Furtherresearchinlaboratorymodelsisexpectedto providecluestoanddeeperunderstandingofhowexistinginterventionssuchas exerciseandgoodnutritionmayleadtolifelongwell-being.? ?Theauthorsalsoproposegreatlyincreasedfundingforbasicresearchinto thefundamentalcellular细胞的andphysiologicalchangesthatdriveaging itself.??Webelievethatthepotentialbenefitsofslowing agingprocesseshavebeenunderrecognizedbymostofthescientificcommunity saidOlshanskyWecallonthehealth-researchdecision-makerstoallocate substantialresourcestosupportanddeveloppracticalinterventionsthatslow aginginpeople.??Anincreaseinage-relateddiseasesand escalatinghealthcarecostsmakethisthetimeforasystematicattackon agingitselftheauthorswrite.??Olshanskyandcolleagues contendthatmodernmedicineisalreadyheavilyinvestedineffortstoextend lifeandtheyarguethatafreshemphasisonaginghasthepotentialtoimprove healthandqualityoflifefarmoreefficientlythaniscurrently possible.WhichstatementisNOTtrueaccordingtotheauthors?
{{*HTML*}}? ?下面的短文后列出了7个句子请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断如果该句提供的是正确信息请选择A如果该句提供的是错误信息请选择B如果该句的信息文中没有提及请选择C ??????? ??????????? ???????{{B}}CancerDrugTrialsOften HaltedEarly{{/B}}??Anincreasingnumberofclinicaltrialsfornew cancertreatmentsarebeinghaltedbeforetherisksandbenefitshavebeenfully evaluatedsayItalianresearcherswhowarnthatthisgrowingtrendcouldput patientsatriskofharmfromnewtherapiesrushedintouse.??The researcherslookedat25randomizedcontrolledclinicaltrialsthatwere stoppedearlybecausethetreatmentshadstartedtoshowbenefitto patients.??Whenweanalyzed25trialsovera10-yearperiod between1997and2007wefoundaconsistentincreaseinprematurelystopped trials—morethan50percentwerestoppedwithinthelastthreeyearsstudy co-authorGiovanniApolonesaidatanewsconferenceTuesday.??Of 14trialshaltedearlyandpublishedbetween2005and2007theresearchersfound that1179percentofthemwereusedtosupportdrugapprovalapplications submittedtotheEuropeanMedicinesAgencyandtheUSFoodandDrug Administration.??Thissuggestsastrongcommercialcomponentin stoppingtrialsprematurely.Infactthisstrategycouldguaranteequicker accesstothemarketforcompanies.Ontheotherhandaquickerclinicaldrug developmentmayleadtoan’immature’benefit/riskbalanceofnewdrugs Apolonesaid.Heandhiscolleaguesareawarethattrialsstoppedearlybecause theyareshowingbenefitmayresultinidentificationofpromisingnew treatmentsforpatients.Howeverfindingsobtainedfollowingthisstrategy shouldbeconsideredtobepreliminaryresultsthatrequiresubsequent confirmation.??Itcantakeseveralyearsforthelong-term benefitsorharmfulsideeffectsofanewtreatmenttobecomeapparentApolone notedbuttheaverageduration持续时间ofthe25studiesheandhiscolleagues analyzedwas30monthswitharangefrom12to64months.??They alsofoundthatatthetimefiveofthestudieswerestoppedthey’denrolled lessthan40percentofthetotalnumberofpatientsplannedforfinal analysis.??Clinicaltrialsneedtostopearlyforsuperior benefitwheneverthere’sproofbeyondreasonabledoubtthatthenewtreatment reallyissuperior.ThatwouldbeanethicalobligationStuartPococka professorofmedicalstatisticsattheLondonSchoolofHygieneandTropical MedicineintheUnitedKingdomsaidatthenewsconference.Howevertoomany trialsarestoppedearlyclaimingefficacy功效withoutstrongevidencebeing available.Someofthetrialsweretooshorttoshowtheirlong-termeffects.
{{*HTML*}}? ?下面的短文后有2项测试任务1第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第1～4段每段选择1个最佳标题2第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定1个最佳选项 ?????????? ??????????? ???????{{B}}Cancer{{/B}}1.Cancerisa groupofmanyrelateddiseasesthatbeginincellsthebody’sbasicbuilding blocks.Thebodyismadeupofmanytypesofcells.Normallycellsgrowand dividetoproducemorecellsastheyareneededtokeepthebodyhealthy. SometimesthisorderlyprocessgoeswrongNewcellsformwhenthebodydoes notneedthemandoldcellsdonotdiewhentheyshould.Theextracellsforma massoftissuecalledagrowthortumor肿瘤.Benign良性的tumorsarenot cancer.Theycanoftenberemovedandinmostcasestheydonotcomeback. Malignant恶性的tumorsarecancer.Cellsinmalignanttumorsareabnormaland dividewithoutcontrolororder.2.Scientistshavelearnedthatcanceris causedbychangesingenesthatnormallycontrolthegrowthanddeathofcells. Certainlifestyleandenvironmentalfactorscanchangesomenormalgenesinto genesthatallowthegrowthofcancer.Manygenechangesthatleadtocancerare theresultoftobaccousedietexposuretoultraviolet紫外线的radiationfrom thesunorexposuretocarcinogens致症物intheworkplaceorinthe environment.Somegenealterationsareinherited.3.Cancertreatmentcan includesurgeryradiationtherapychemotherapy化疗hormonetherapyand biologicaltherapy.Thedoctormayuseonemethodoracombinationofmethods dependingonthetypeandlocationofthecancerwhetherthediseasehas spreadthepatient’sageandgeneralhealthandotherfactors.Because treatmentforcancercanalsodamagehealthyceilsandtissuesitoftencauses sideeffects.Patientsanddoctorsgenerallydiscussthetreatmentoptions weighingthelikelybenefitsofkillingcancercellsandtherisksofpossible sideeffects.4.Havingcancerdoesnotalwaysmeanhavingpain.Whethera patienthaspainmaydependonthetypeofcancertheextentofthedisease andthepatient’stoleranceforpain.Mostpainoccurswhenthecancergrowsand pressesagainstbonesorgansornerves.Painmayalsobeasideeffectof treatment.Howeverpaincangenerallyberelievedorreducedwithprescription medicinesorover-the-counterdrugsrecommendedbythedoctor. A.Howiscancertreated? B.Doescanceralwayscausepain? C.Cancancerbeprevented? D.Whatiscancer? E.Howcommoniscancer? F.Whatcausescancer?Paragraph3______
{{*HTML*}}? ?下面的短文后有2项测试任务1第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第1～4段每段选择1个最佳标题2第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定1个最佳选项 ?????????? ??????????? ???????{{B}}Cancer{{/B}}1.Cancerisa groupofmanyrelateddiseasesthatbeginincellsthebody’sbasicbuilding blocks.Thebodyismadeupofmanytypesofcells.Normallycellsgrowand dividetoproducemorecellsastheyareneededtokeepthebodyhealthy. SometimesthisorderlyprocessgoeswrongNewcellsformwhenthebodydoes notneedthemandoldcellsdonotdiewhentheyshould.Theextracellsforma massoftissuecalledagrowthortumor肿瘤.Benign良性的tumorsarenot cancer.Theycanoftenberemovedandinmostcasestheydonotcomeback. Malignant恶性的tumorsarecancer.Cellsinmalignanttumorsareabnormaland dividewithoutcontrolororder.2.Scientistshavelearnedthatcanceris causedbychangesingenesthatnormallycontrolthegrowthanddeathofcells. Certainlifestyleandenvironmentalfactorscanchangesomenormalgenesinto genesthatallowthegrowthofcancer.Manygenechangesthatleadtocancerare theresultoftobaccousedietexposuretoultraviolet紫外线的radiationfrom thesunorexposuretocarcinogens致症物intheworkplaceorinthe environment.Somegenealterationsareinherited.3.Cancertreatmentcan includesurgeryradiationtherapychemotherapy化疗hormonetherapyand biologicaltherapy.Thedoctormayuseonemethodoracombinationofmethods dependingonthetypeandlocationofthecancerwhetherthediseasehas spreadthepatient’sageandgeneralhealthandotherfactors.Because treatmentforcancercanalsodamagehealthyceilsandtissuesitoftencauses sideeffects.Patientsanddoctorsgenerallydiscussthetreatmentoptions weighingthelikelybenefitsofkillingcancercellsandtherisksofpossible sideeffects.4.Havingcancerdoesnotalwaysmeanhavingpain.Whethera patienthaspainmaydependonthetypeofcancertheextentofthedisease andthepatient’stoleranceforpain.Mostpainoccurswhenthecancergrowsand pressesagainstbonesorgansornerves.Painmayalsobeasideeffectof treatment.Howeverpaincangenerallyberelievedorreducedwithprescription medicinesorover-the-counterdrugsrecommendedbythedoctor. A.Howiscancertreated? B.Doescanceralwayscausepain? C.Cancancerbeprevented? D.Whatiscancer? E.Howcommoniscancer? F.Whatcausescancer?Canceroccurswhencellsinthebodydividewithout A.sideeffects B.prescriptionmedicines C.controlororder D.toleranceforpain E.variousfactors F.differentgenes
{{*HTML*}}{{B}}第三篇{{/B}} {{B}}??????? ??????????? ???SlowingAging:WaytoFightDiseasesin21st Century{{/B}}??AgroupofagingexpertsfromtheUnitedStatesand theUnitedKingdomsuggestthatthebeststrat-egyforpreventingandfightinga multitudeofdiseasesistofocusonslowingthebiologicalprocessesof aging.???Thetraditionalmedicalapproachofattacking individualdiseases—cancerdiabetesheartdiseaseAlzheimer’sdisease 早老邢痴呆病andParkinson’sdisease帕金森氏病—willsoonbecomelesseffectiveifwe donotdeterminehowallofthesediseaseseitherinteractorsharecommon mechanismswithagingsaysS.JayOlshanskyprofessorofepidemiologyatthe UniversityofIllinoisatChicagoSchoolofPublicHealthandseniorauthorof thecommentary.??Middle-agedandolderpeoplearemostoften impactedbysimultaneousbutindependentmedicalconditions.Acureforanyof themajorfataldiseaseswouldhaveonlyamarginalimpactonlifeexpectancy 预期寿命andthelengthofhealthylifeOlshanskysaid.??The authorssuggestthatanewparadigm模式ofhealthpromotionanddisease preventioncouldproduceunprecedentedsocialeconomicandhealthdividendsfor currentandfuturegenerationsiftheagingpopulationisprovidedwithextended yearsofhealthylife.??Theynotethatalllivingthings includinghumanspossessbiochemicalmechanismsthatinfluencehowquicklywe ageandthroughdietary饮食的interventionorgeneticalterationitis possibletoextendlifespantopostponeaging-relatedprocessesand diseases.??Furtherresearchinlaboratorymodelsisexpectedto providecluestoanddeeperunderstandingofhowexistinginterventionssuchas exerciseandgoodnutritionmayleadtolifelongwell-being.? ?Theauthorsalsoproposegreatlyincreasedfundingforbasicresearchinto thefundamentalcellular细胞的andphysiologicalchangesthatdriveaging itself.??Webelievethatthepotentialbenefitsofslowing agingprocesseshavebeenunderrecognizedbymostofthescientificcommunity saidOlshanskyWecallonthehealth-researchdecision-makerstoallocate substantialresourcestosupportanddeveloppracticalinterventionsthatslow aginginpeople.??Anincreaseinage-relateddiseasesand escalatinghealthcarecostsmakethisthetimeforasystematicattackon agingitselftheauthorswrite.??Olshanskyandcolleagues contendthatmodernmedicineisalreadyheavilyinvestedineffortstoextend lifeandtheyarguethatafreshemphasisonaginghasthepotentialtoimprove healthandqualityoflifefarmoreefficientlythaniscurrently possible.Theexpertsbelievethetraditionalapproachofattackingindividualdiseases
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