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Supermarketsaretryingoutnewcomputersthatmakeshoppingcartsmoreintelligent具备智能的.Theywillhelpshoppersfindpapercupsortoiletsoapandkeeparecordofthebill.Thetouch-screendevices触摸屏装置areonshowattheFoodMarketingInstitute’sexhibitionherethisweek.ThesedevicesareabletocreatevalueandgetyouaroundthestorequickersaidMichaelAlexandormanagerofSpringboardRetailNetworksIncwhichmakesasmartcartcomputercalledtheConciergE.CanadianstoreswilltesttheConciergeinJuly.A.similardeviceIBM’sShoppingBuddyhasrecentlybeentest-marketedatStop&ShopstoresinMassachusetts.NeitherdevicetellsyouhowmanyfatgramsorcaloriesareinyourcartbuttheywillflashyouwithitemsonsalE.Theideaistomakeiteasierforpeopletobuynottohavesecondthoughtsthatmaybeyoushouldputsomethingbackontheshelf.Thewholemodelisdrivenbyadvertisers’needtogetinfrontofshopperssaidAlexandor.They’renotwatching30-secondTVadsanymorE.Peoplecanuseahomecomputertomaketheirshoppinglists.Onceatthestoreashoppercanuseapreferredcustomercardtostartasystem系统thatwillorganizethetriparoundthestorE.Ifyou’relookingfortoothpicksyoutypeinthewordorpickitfromalistandamapwillappearonthescreenshowingwhereyouareandwhereyoucanfindthem.Thedevicealsokeepsarecordofwhatyoubuy.Whenyou’refinishedthedevicefiguresoutyourbill.Thenyougotothecheckerorplaceyourcardintoaself-checkoutstandandpay.Thenewcomputerizedshoppingassistantsdon’tcomecheap.TheBuddydeviceswillcosttheaveragestoreabout$160000andtheConciergewillcoststoresabout$500foreachdevicE.53.Theunderlinedwordtheyparagraph1refersto______.A.supermarketsB.shopassistantsC.shoppingcartsD.shopmanagers54.Whichofthefollowingisthecorrectorderofshoppingwithcomputerizedshoppingcarts?A.Startthesystem.B.Makeashoppinglist.C.Findthethingsyouwant.D.Gotoaself-checkoutstanD.A.abdcB.bacdC.acbdD.bcad55.Wecanlearnfromthelastparagraphthat______.A.intelligentshoppingcartscostalargesumofmoneyB.theConciergeischeaperthantheBuddydevicesC.shopassistantswithcomputerknowledgearewellpaidD.averagestoresprefertheConciergetotheBuddydevices56.Whatmightbethemostsuitabletitleforthetext?A.NewageforsupermarketsB.ConciergeandShoppingBuddyC.NewcomputersmakeshoppingcartssmarterD.Touch-screendevicesmakeshoppingenjoyable
CCanyoutrainyourcattoactuallyuseyourtoilet?Canyounothavetodealwithlitterboxesanymore?Wellformanypeopletheanswerstothesequestionsareyes.YoumayhaveheardthatsomepeoplehavemanagedtotraintheircatstousethehumantoiletWellthisiscorrect.Oneadvantagetothisisthefactthatyounolongerhavetolugheavybagsoflitterhomefromthesupermarketorworryaboutcleaningoutthedirtylittereveryday.Likeanyothercattrainingprogramtrainingyourcattousethetoilettakestimesandpatienceyoujustcanputyourcatonthetoiletandhopethattheycanuseit.Byslowlyshapingyourcat’sbehavioroveracoupleofweeksyoutoocanendluggingheavybagsofcatlitterhomefromthesupermarket.Firststartbyslowlymovingthelitterboxcloserandclosertothetoileteachdaysoyourcatgetsusedtobeinginthebathroomandbeingaroundthetoilet.Nextwhenyouhavehadtolitterboxnexttothetoiletforseveraldaysslowlyraisethelitterboxhigherandhighereachdayuntilitisatthelevelofthetoilet.Thenfindaninsertforthetopofthetoiletlikeashallowpanthatcansitintherimofthetoiletandholdlitter.Onceyourcatgetsusedtousingthislitterpanontopofthetoiletforaweekorsotryremovingthepanandyourcatshouldbeabletousethetoilet.Likeanycattrainingprogramittakestimeandeffortonthepartofthecatownertodothis.Don’tgetfrustratedwithyourcatifsheisnotlearningasfastasyouwouldlikemanycatslearnattheirownpacE.Withalittleeffortyoutoocanhaveatoilettrainedcat.64.Theauthoradvisesyoutotrainyourcattouseatoiletsothatmay.A.keepthetoiletcleanB.keepthecatcleanC.savealotoftroubleD.savealotofmoney65.Accordingtothepassagecattoilettrainingisaprocess.A.quickB.ComplicatedC.difficultD.gradual66.Whenyouhavemanagedtogetyourcattousethetoiletthelitterbox.A.isnolongerneededB.isstillneededC.shouldbekeptwhereitisD.shouldbeputbackwhereitwas67.WecanseefromthepassagethatashallowpaninPara6.A.isusedinsteadofthelitterboxB.isusedtoprotectthecatC.helpstoraisethelitterboxD.helpstocleanthetoilet
BThereisanEnglishsaying:laughterisbestmedicine.Untilrecentlyfewpeopletookthesayingseriously.Nowhoweverdoctorshavebeguntolookintolaughterandtheeffectsithasonthehumanbody.Theyhavefoundthatlaughterreallycanimprovepeople’shealth.Testswerecarriedouttostudytheeffectsoflaughteronthebody.Peoplewatchedfunnyfilmswhiledoctorscheckedtheirheartsbloodpressurebreathingandmuscles.Itwasfoundthatlaughterhadsimilareffectstophysicalexercise.Itincreasesbloodpressuretheheartbeatingandbreathing;italsoworksseveralgroupsofmusclesinthefacethestomachandeventhefeet.Iflaughterexercisesthebodyitmustbebeneficial.Othertestshaveshownthatlaughterappearstobeabletoreducetheeffectofpainonthebody.Inoneexperimentdoctorsproducedpainingroupsofstudentswholistenedtodifferentradioprogrammes.Thegroupthattolerated忍耐thepainforthelongesttimewasthegroupswhichlistenedtoafunnyprogramme.Thereasonwhylaughtercanreducepainseemstobethatithelpstoproduceakindofchemicalsinthebrainwhichdiminishbothstressandpain.AsaresultofthesediscoveriessomedoctorsintheUnitedStatesnowholdlaughterclinicsinwhichtheyhelptoimprovetheirpatients’conditionbyencouragingthemtolaugh.Theyhavefoundthateveniftheirpatientsdonotreallyfeellikelaughingmakingthemsmileisenoughtoproducebeneficialeffectssimilartothosecausedbylaughter.61.DoctorshaveprovedthefollowingEXCEPTthat.A.smilingdoesgoodtohealthB.laughtercanbetoleratedC.thereisawaytoreducepainD.laughtercanworkthemusclesinthefeet62.Themainideaofthepassageis.A.laughterandphysicalexercisehavesimilareffectsonthehumanbodyB.smilecanproducethesameeffectsaslaughterC.paincanbereducedbylaughterD.laughteristhebestmedicine63.Thestudentswho________toleratedthepainforthelongesttime.A.listenedtodifferentradioprogrammesB.couldproduceakindofchemicalC.don’thavestressofpainD.listenedtoafunnyprogramme64.Theunderlinedworddiminishissimilarto.A.testB.stopC.reduceD.increase65.Doctorsholdlaughterclinics_________.A.togivebetterconditiontotheirpatientsB.inordertoimprovepatients’healthC.tomakepatientssmileD.toprovesmileandlaughterhavethesameeffect
Movinginwithaboyfriendcauseswomentoeatmoreunhealthilyandputonweight.Buttheoppositeistrueformenwhoselong-termhealthbenefitswhentheymoveinwithafemalepartner.DieticiansatNewcastleUniversitysaidbothpartnerstrytopleaseoneanotherandsochangetheirdietaryhabitstosuittheirotherhalf.Itleadsmentoeatmorelightmealssuchassaladsfruitandvegetableswhilewomenchoosetomakecreamierheavierdishescurryorrichpastasauceswhichmaypleasetheirpartner.Womenstillhavethestrongestlong-terminfluenceoverthecouple’sdietandlifestyleastheystillhavethetraditionalroleofshopperandcookinmosthouseholds.ThereportbyNewcastleUniversity’sHumanNutritionResearchCentrereviewedthefindingofavarietyofresearchprojectsfromtheUKNorthAmericaandAustraliawhichlookedattheeatingandlifestylehabitsofcouples.Theresearchshowsthatwomenaremorelikelytoputonweightandincreasetheirconsumptionoffoodshighinfatandsugarwhentheymoveinwiththeirpartner.Womenalsousefoodasacomfortwhendealingwithemotionalstressandhavebeenfoundtogainweightwhenarelationshipendswhilethesamefindinghasnotbeenobservedinmen.Manycouplesreportedfoodasbeingcentraltotheirpartnershipandeatingtogetherintheeveningwasparticularlyimportanttomany.ReportauthorandregistereddieticianDr.AmeliaLakesaidTheresearchhasshownthatyourpartnerisastronginfluenceonlifestyleandpeoplewhoaretryingtolivehealthierlivesshouldtakethisfactorintoconsideration.41.Accordingtothepassagemovinginwithagirlfriendmen_______.A.havefewchangesoftheirdietaryhabitsB.havetoeatmoreunhealthyfoodsC.don’tlikefoodshighinfatandsugaratallD.trytoeatfoodsthattheirgirlfriendslike42.TheunderlinedwordlightinParagraph4probablymeans________.A.notveryheavyB.lessinfatandsugarC.gentleD.notseriousorimportant43.AccordingtothereportbyNewcastleUniversity’sHumanNutritionResearchCentre________.A.womenputonweightonlybecausetheywanttosuittheirotherhalfB.whenmenarefacedwithemotionalstresstheywillchangetheirdietaryhabitsC.eatingtogetherintheeveningisagoodwaytocommunicateforcouplesD.itiswrongtochangeyourdietaryhabitstosuityourpartner44.Fromthepassagewecaninferthat_________.A.womenshouldpaymoreattentiontotheirpartner’sinfluenceonthemB.moremenwillplayrolesofshopperandcookinmosthouseholdsC.coupleswillnotchangetheirdietaryhabitsandlifestyletopleasetheirpartnerD.long-termhealthofmenbenefitswhentheymoveinwithafemalepartner45.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.Don’tbesillyanymorewomen!B.Whicharebetterdietaryhabits?C.BoyfriendsmakeyoufatD.Dr.AmeliaLakeandhisstudy
第三部分阅读理解共20小题每小题2分满分40分阅读下列短文从每题所给的四个选项A.B.C和D中选出最佳选项并在答题卡上将该项涂黑ASatellitesareanimportantpartofourordinarylives.ForexampletheinformationforweatherforecastsissentbysatellitE.SomesatelliteshavecameraswhichtakephotographsoftheEarthtoshowhowcloudsaremoving.Satellitesarealsousedtoconnectourinternationalphonecalls.ComputerconnectionsoftheWorldWideWebandInternetalsousesatellites.ManyofourTVprogramscometoUSthroughsatellites.Airplanepilotsalsosometimesuseasatellitetohelpthemfindtheirexactlocation.Weusesatellitestosendtelevisionpicturesfromonepartoftheworldtoanother.Theyareusually35880kilometersabovetheequator.SometimeswecanseeasatelliteintheskyanditseemstostayinthesameplacE.Thisisbecauseitismovingaroundtheworldat11000kilometersanhour—exactlythesamespeedthattheearthrotates.AsatellitemustorbittheEarthwithitsantennae天线facingtheearth.SometimesitmovesawayfromitsorbitSotherearelittlerocketsonitwhichareusedtoputthesatellitebackintherightposition.Thisusuallyhappensabouteveryfiveorsixdays.Spaceisnotempty!EveryweekmoreandmoresatellitesaresentintospacetoorbittheEarth.Asatelliteusuallyworksforabout10-12years.SatelliteswhicharebrokenaresometimesrepairedbyastronautsorsometimesbroughtbacktoEarthtoberepaireD.OftenveryoldorbrokensatellitesareleftinspacetoorbittheEarthforaverylongtimE.Thisisveryseriousbecausesomesatellitesusenuclearpowerandtheycancrashintoeachother.56.WhichofthefollowingisNOTdonebysatellitesaccordingtothepassage?A.Sendinginformationforweatherforecast.B.TakingphotographsoftheEarth.C.SendingTVpictures.D.Providingfoodforairplanepilots.57.What’sthespeedtheearthrotatesat?A.35880kilometersperhour.B.335880kilometersperhour.C.11000kilometersperhour.D.110000kilometersperhour58.WhydoesthesatellitemovearoundtheworldatthesamespeedastheEarthrotates?A.Inordertotakephotographs.B.Inordertostayinacertainpositionintheorbit.C.Inordertomoveawayfromitsorbit.D.Inordertosendtelevisionpictures.59.WhatdoestheunderlinedwordThisinthe3rdparagraphreferto?A.AsatellitE.B.Alittlerocket.C.Asatelliteseemstostayinthesameplaceinthesky.D.Thesatelliteputstherocketsintherightposition.60.Whichistrueofsatellites?A.Asatelliteusuallyworksforabout10-12years.B.EverytimeasatellitegetsbrokenitisbroughtbacktotheEarthtoberepaireD.C.AbrokensatelliteisneverleftinspacE.D.Theyoftencrashintoeachother.
Tomanyweb-buildingspidersmostofwhomarenearlyblindthewebistheiressentialwindowontheworld:theirmeansofcommunicatingcapturingprey猎物meetingmatesandprotectingthemselves.A.web-buildingspiderwithoutitswebislikeamencastawayonanislandofsolidrocktotallyoutoftouchanddestinedtostarvetodeath.Soimportantisthewebtoanorb-webspider'ssurvivalthattheanimalwillcontinuetoconstructnewwebsdailyevenifitisbeingstarveD.For16daysthestarvingspiderbuildscompletelynormalwebs.Thenastheanimalgetsscrawnier憔悴的itconstructsawider-meshedwebusingfewerstrands线.Suchwebswouldonlytraplargerpreywhichismoreeconomicalfromtheperspectiveofastarvingspider.Thespiderstoresenergybyrecyclingwebprotein.Itsimplyeatsitsownwebeacheveningandreusesittoproducenewsilk.Instudieswithradioactivelylabeledmaterialsitwasfoundthat95percentofwebproteinreappearsinthenextday'weB.Mostoftheenergyneededforweb-buildingisusedinwalkingoverthestrandsastheyarelaiddown.Scientistsareimpressedbytheadaptabilityofthespider'shighlypreprogrammedbrainwhichislargerforitssizethanthebrainofanyotherinvertebrate无脊推动物.Ifweb-buildingisinterruptedorifsomeoftheexistingstrandsaredestroyedthespidersimplygoesbacktoseewherethewebisleftoffandthenfinishesbuildinganormalweB.Onespiderwillfinishbuildingtheincompletewebofanother.Whichofthefollowingbestexpressesthemainideasofthepassage?A.SecretsofSpiders'AdaptabilityB.ImportanceofWebstoSpidersC.SecretsoftheSpiders'LifeD.Spiders'HighlyPreprogrammedBrainAccordingtothepassagewhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?A.Mostspiderswillstopconductingwebswhenhungry.B.OneWeb-buildingspiderusuallyconductsoneweB.C.Web-buildingspiderswillprobablydiewithouttheirwebs.D.Web-buildingspidershavegoodeyesight.A.spiderconductsawider-meshedwebwhen____________.A.itis16daysoldB.itisgettingweakerC.ithasfewerwendsD.ithuntsforfoodA.spider'sabilitytofinishanincompletewebprovesthat___________.A.ithasahighlypreprogrammedbrainB.itreusesitswebproteintoreproducenewsilkC.thewebiseverythingforaspiderD.itisabletorebuildadestroyedweb
Modernmanhasclearedtheforestsforfarmlandandforwoodandhasalsocarelesslyburnedthem.Morethanthatthoughhehasalsointerfered干涉withtheinvisiblebondsbetweenthelivingthingsintheforests.Therearemanyexamplesofthiskindofdestruction.Theharmfulnessofman’sinterferencecanbeseeninwhathappenedmanyyearsagointheforestoftheKaibabplateau凯亚巴布高原ofnorthernArizonA.MantriedtoimproveonthenaturalwebofforestlifeanddestroyeditinsteaD.TheKaibabhadastorybookforestoflargesizedpineDouglasfirwhitefirblueandEngelmannsprucE.In1882avisitornotedWewho...havewanderedthroughitsforestsandparkshavecometoregarditasthemostenchantingregionithaseverbeenourprivilege特权tovisit.ThiswasalsothelivingplaceoftheRockyMountainmuledeer.Indianshuntedthereeveryautumntogathermeatandskins.Theforestalsohadmountainlionstimberwolvesandbobcatsthatkeptthedeerfrommultiplyingtoorapidly.Thenin1906PresidentTheodoreRooseveltmadetheKaibabanationalgamepreservE.Deerhuntingwasforbidden.Governmenthuntersstartedkillingoffthedeer’senemies.In25years’time6250mountainlionswolvesandbobcatswerekilleD.Beforetheprogramtherewereabout4000deerintheKaibabby1924therewereabout100000.Thedeerateeveryleafandtwigtheycouldreach.ButtherewasnotnearlyenoughfooD.Huntingofdeerwaspermittedagain.Thiscausedaslightdecreaseinthedeerherd鹿群butafargreaterlossresultedfromstarvation饥饿anddiseasE.Some60percentofthedeerherddiedintwowinters.By1930theherdhaddroppedto20000animals.By1942itwasdownto8000.ThedestructionoftheenvironmentoftheKaibabresultedfrom.A.turningtheforestintocultivatedlandB.interferingwithnaturalcycleofforestlifeC.forestfirescausedbyman’scarelessnessD.cuttingthetreesforbuildingmaterialsEngelmannspruceParA.2ismostlikelythenameof.A.atreeB.ananimalC.amountainD.agameThenumberofthedeerintheKaibabhadincreasedenormouslyinyears’timE.A.25B.6C.18D.12YearslaterlargenumbersofdeerintheKaibabdiedmainlybecauseof.A.thecoldB.theorganizedkillC.theshortageoffoodD.thepoormanagement
第三部分阅读理解共15小题每小题2分满分30分阅读下列短文从每题所给的四个选项A.B.C和D中选出最佳选项并在答题卡上将该项涂黑A.PeoplewithlesseducationsufferfewerstressfuldaysaccordingtoareportinthecurrentissueoftheJournalofHealthandSocialBehavior.Howeverthestudyalsofoundthatwhenless-educatedpeopledidsufferstressitwasmoresevereandhadastrongereffectontheirhealth.Fromthisresearchershaveconcludedthattheday-to-dayfactorsthatcausestressareregular.Whereyouareinsocietydeterminesthekindsofproblemsthatyouhaveeachdayandhowwellyouwillcopewiththem.Theresearchteaminterviewedanationalsampleof1031adultsdailyforeightdaysabouttheirstresslevelandhealth.Peoplewithoutahighschooldiplomareportedstresson30percentofthestudydayspeoplewithahighschooldegreereportedstress38percentofthetimeandpeoplewithcollegedegreesreportedstress44percentofthetimE.Lessadvantagedpeoplearelesshealthyonadailybasisandaremorelikelytohavedownwardturnsintheirhealth.leadingresearcherDr.JosephGrzywaczofWakeForestUniversityBaptistMedicalCentersaidinapreparedstatement.Thedownwardturnsinhealthwereconnectedwithdailystressors紧张刺激物andtheeffectofdailystressorsontheirhealthismuchmoredamagingforthelessadvantageD.Ifsomethinghappenseverydaymaybeit’snotseenasastressor.Grzywaczsays.MaybeitisjustlifE.56.Stressleveliscloselyrelatedto.A.familysizeB.socialpositionC.bodyweightD.workexperience57.Whichgroupreportedthebiggestnumberofstressfuldays?A.Peoplewithoutanyeducation.B.Peoplewithouthighschooldegrees.C.Peoplewithhighschooldegrees.D.Peoplewithcollegedegrees.58.Thelessadvantagedpeoplearethegreater.A.theeffectofstressontheirhealthisB.theeffectofeducationontheirhealthisC.theleveloftheireducationisD.thedegreeoftheirhealthconcernis59.Less-educatedpeoplereportfewerdaysofstresspossiblybecause.A.theydon’twanttotelltruthB.theydon’twanttofacethetruthC.stressistoocommonafactorintheirlifeD.heirstressismuchgreater
Whydidhumansevolvetowalkupright?Perhapsbecauseit’sjustplaineasier.Makethatenergeticallylesscostlyscientificallyspeaking.Bipedalism—walkingontwofeetisoneofthedefiningcharacteristicsofbeinghumansandscientistshavedebatedforyearshowitcameabout.Inthelatestattempttofindanexplanationresearcherstrainedfivechimps黑猩猩towalkonatreadmill跑步机whilewearingmasksthatallowedmeasurementoftheiroxygenconsumption.Thechimpsweremeasuredbothwhilewalkinguprightandwhilemovingontheirlegsandknuckles膝关节.Thatmeasurementoftheenergyneededtomovearoundwascomparedwithsimilartestsonhumansandtheresultsarepublishedinthisweek’sonlineeditionofProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofSciences.Itturnsoutthathumanswalkingontwolegsuseonlyone-quarteroftheenergythatchimpsusewhileknucklewalkingonfourlimbs肢.Andthechimpsonaverageuseasmuchenergyusingtwolegsastheydidwhentheyusedallfourlimbs.Howeverthereweredifferencesamongchimpsinhowmuchenergytheyusedandthisdifferencecorrespondedtotheirdifferentmannerofwalkingandanatomy解剖构造.OneofthechimpsusedlessenergyontwolegsoneusedaboutthesameandtheothersusedmoresaidDavidRaichlenassistantprofessorofanthropologyattheUniversityofArizonA.Whatweweresurprisedatwasthevariation变异hesaidinatelephoneinterview.Interview.Thatwasprettyexcitingbecausewhenyoutalkabouthowevolutionworksvariationisthebottomlinewithoutvariationthereisnoevolution.WalkingontwolegsfreedourarmsopeningthedoortodrivetheworldsaidRaichlen.Wethinkabouttheevolutionofbipedalismasoneoffirsteventsthatledhominids原始人downthepathtobeinghumans.TheresearchwassupportedbytheNationalScienceFoundationandtheL.S.B.LeakeyFoundation.TheunderlinedwordBipedalisminParagraph2probablymeans____.A.movingsidewaysB.walkinguprightC.walkingonfourlegsD.runningfastWecaninferfromthepassagethat____.A.scientistshavenoideaonhowhumans’walkingontwolegscameaboutB.scientistshavehaddifferentviewsonwhychimpswalkonfourlegsC.scientistshavehaddifferentviewsonhowhumans’walkingontwolegsvameaboutD.scientistshavehadsimilarviewsonhowhumans’walkingontwolegscameaboutWhatisParagraph4mainlyabout?A.Howchimpssavedenergy.B.Whychimpsdidn'twalkontwolegs.C.DavidRaichlenstudiedchimps.D.Differentchimpsconsumeddifferentenergy.Accordingtothepassagehumanswalkuprightinorderto____.A.conserveenergyB.differfromotheranimalsC.freetheirbrainsD.strengthentheirlegs
PerhapsthemostfamoustheorythestudyofbodymovementwassuggestedbyProfessorRayBirdwhistell.HebelievesthatphysicalappearanceisoftenculturallyprogrammeD.Inotherwordswelearnourlooks—wearenotbornwiththem.A.babyhasgenerallyinformedfacefeatures.A.babyaccordingtoBirdwhistelllearnswheretosettheeyebrowsbylookingatthosearound-familyandfriends.ThishelpsexplainwhythepeopleofsomeareasoftheUnitedStateslooksomuchalikenewEnglandersorSouthernershavecertaincommonfacefeaturesthatcannotbeexplainedbygenetics遗传学.Theexactshapeofthemouthisnotsetatbirthitislearnedafter.Infactthefinalmouthshapeisnotformeduntilwellafternewteethareset.Formanythiscanbewellintogrown-ups.A.husbandandwifetogetherforalongtimeoftencometolookalikE.Welearnourlooksfromthosearoundus.Thisisperhapswhyinasinglecountryareawherepeoplesmilemorethanthoseinotherareas.IntheUnitedStatesforexampletheSouthisthepartofthecountrywherethepeoplesmilemostfrequently.InNewEnglandtheysmilelessandinthewesternpartofNewYorkStatestillless.ManysouthernersfindcitiessuchasNewYorkcoldandunfriendlypartlybecausepeopleonMadisonAvenuesmilelessthanpeopleonPeachtreeStreetinAtlantA.GeorgiA.PeopleinAtlantaGeorgiA.Peopleinlargelypopulatedareasalsosmileandgreeteachotherinpubliclessthanpeopleinsmalltownsdo.RayBirdwhistellbelievesthatphysicalappearance____.
PerhapsthemostfamoustheorythestudyofbodymovementwassuggestedbyProfessorRayBirdwhistell.HebelievesthatphysicalappearanceisoftenculturallyprogrammeD.Inotherwordswelearnourlooks—wearenotbornwiththem.A.babyhasgenerallyinformedfacefeatures.A.babyaccordingtoBirdwhistelllearnswheretosettheeyebrowsbylookingatthosearound-familyandfriends.ThishelpsexplainwhythepeopleofsomeareasoftheUnitedStateslooksomuchalikenewEnglandersorSouthernershavecertaincommonfacefeaturesthatcannotbeexplainedbygenetics遗传学.Theexactshapeofthemouthisnotsetatbirthitislearnedafter.Infactthefinalmouthshapeisnotformeduntilwellafternewteethareset.Formanythiscanbewellintogrown-ups.A.husbandandwifetogetherforalongtimeoftencometolookalikE.Welearnourlooksfromthosearoundus.Thisisperhapswhyinasinglecountryareawherepeoplesmilemorethanthoseinotherareas.IntheUnitedStatesforexampletheSouthisthepartofthecountrywherethepeoplesmilemostfrequently.InNewEnglandtheysmilelessandinthewesternpartofNewYorkStatestillless.ManysouthernersfindcitiessuchasNewYorkcoldandunfriendlypartlybecausepeopleonMadisonAvenuesmilelessthanpeopleonPeachtreeStreetinAtlantA.GeorgiA.PeopleinAtlantaGeorgiA.Peopleinlargelypopulatedareasalsosmileandgreeteachotherinpubliclessthanpeopleinsmalltownsdo.RayBirdwhistellbelievesthatphysicalappearance_______.A.haslittletodowithcultureB.hasmuchtodowithcultureC.iseverchangingD.isdifferentfromplacetoplaceAccordingtothepassagethefinalmouthshapeisformed_______.A.beforebirthB.assoonasone’steetharenewlysetC.sometimeafternewteetharesetD.around15yearsoldRayBirdwhistellcantellwhatareaoftheUnitedStatesapersonisfromby_______.A.howmuchheorshelaughsB.howheorsheraiseshisorhereyebrowsC.whatheorshelikesbestD.thewayheorshetalksThispassagemighthavebeentakenoutofabookdealingwith________.A.physicsB.chemistryC.biologyD.noneoftheabove
Brokenrubberbandsandflattiresrequiringreplacementcouldsoonbeathingofthepast.Frenchresearchershavedevelopedanewkindofrubberthatcanrepairitselfwhenbroken.Thenewrubberismadefromwidelyavailablematerialsincludingvegetableoilandacommonindustrialchemical.AllthematerialsareconsideredsafetotheenvironmentandcanbeeasilyreuseD.Thebestpartisthatthenewrubbercanberepairedandusedagainandagainwithoutlosingitsstrengthorabilityorstretch.Whencuttherubbercanbemadenewagainsimplybypressingthetwobrokenendsbacktogether.TheproductcanberepairedatroomtemperaturearoundtwentydegreesCentigradeotherself-healingmaterialsrequirehighertemperaturesforrepair.Traditionallyrubbersubstancesaremadefromhugemolecules分子connectedbystrongchemicallinksorbonds.Thenewrubberismadeofsmallermolecules.Themoleculesarelinkedtogetherusinghydrogenbonds.Whenconnectedinthiswaythemoleculesactlikeonelongmoleculeformingwhatiscalledsupramolecularnetworks超分子网.Whentherubberiscutthemoleculesattempttoconnectwithwhatevermoleculeisnearthem.Whenpressedtogetherthemoleculesareabletorepairthemselvesatthemolecularlevelmakingtherepairedrubberlikenew.Howevertimeisanimportantelementintheprocess.IfthebrokenendsarenotbroughttogetherquicklyarepairisnotpossiblE.ThisisbecausemoleculeswillformbondswithmoleculesontheirownsidE.TheinventorssaythesurfacesoftherubbercanberepairedwithinaweekofbeingseparateD.TherubberisthecreationofscientistsattheIndustrialPhysicsandChemistryHigherEducationInstitutioninParis.TheorganizationispartofFrance'sNationalCenterforScientificResearch.ThenewmaterialisdescribedingreaterdetailintheresearchpublicationNaturE.AccordingtotheintroductionwhichofthefollowingisNOTtheadvantageofthenewrubber?A.Itcanbemadeaseasilyascommonrubber.B.Itisenvironmentally-friendly.C.ItcanrepairitselfatroomtemperaturE.D.Itismadeofsmallermolecules.Whatdoesthe5thparagraphmainlytellus?A.WhythenewrubberisuniquE.B.Whythenewrubbercanrepairitself.C.Thenewrubberismadefromhugemolecules.D.Thenewrubberisdifferentfromthecommonrubber.Ifwewanttoknowmoreaboutthetechnologyofthiskindofnewrubberwherecanwegettheinformation?A.Intheresearchers'diary.B.Inaguidebook.C.InaresearchmagazinE.D.Inanewspaper.
Inearliesttimesmenconsideredlightning闪电tobeoneofthegreatmysteries神密ofnaturE.Someancientpeoplebelievedthatlightningandthunderweretheweapons武器ofthegods.Inrealitylightningisaflowofelectricity电流formedhighabovetheearth.A.singleflash闪烁oflightning1.6kilometerslonghasenoughelectricitytolightonemillionlightbulbs.TheAmericanscientistandstatesmanBenjaminFranklinwasthefirsttoshowtheconnectionbetweenelectricityandlightningin1752.InthesameyearhealsobuiltthefirstLightningRod避雷针.Hisdevice发明物protectsbuildingsfrombeingdamagedbylightning.Modernsciencehasdiscoveredthatonestrokeoflightningcontainsmorethan15millionvolts伏特.A.spark火花betweenacloudandtheearthmaybeaslongas13kilometersandtravelataspeedof30millionmetersperseconD.Scientistsestimate估计thatthereareabout2000millionflashesoflightningperyear.LightninghitstheEmpireStateBuildinginNewYorkCity30to48timesayear.IntheUnitedStatesaloneitkillsanaverageofonepersoneveryday.Thesafestplacetobeincaseofanelectricalstormisinaclosedcar.Outsideoneshouldgotolowgroundandnotgetundertrees.Alsooneshouldstayoutofwaterandawayfrommetalfences.Insideahousepeopleshouldavoidopendoorwaysandwindowsandnottouchwiresormetalthings.Withlightningit'sbettertobesafethansorry.Lightningisactually＿＿＿＿＿.A.weaponB.electricityC.lightD.mysteryPeopleoncethoughtthatlightningcamefrom＿＿＿＿＿＿.A.scientistsB.groundC.lightningrodD.godsBenjaminFranklin＿＿＿＿＿＿.A.madethefirstlightningrodB.builttheEmpireStateBuildingC.inventedelectricityD.preventedlightningfromhittingcars＿＿＿＿＿＿isthebestplacetobeinduringanelectricitystorm.A.SwimmingpoolB.A.highplaceC.UnderatreeD.Acar
Howcanyoufindoutwhatisgoingoninsideaperson'sbodywithoutopeningthepatientup?RegularX-rayscanshowalot.CATscanscanshowevenmorE.Theycangivethree-dimensional三维viewofbodyorgans器官.WhatisaCATscan?CATstandsforComputerizedAxialTomography层面X线照相术.ItisaspecialX-raymachinethatgetsa360-degreepictureofasmallareaofapatient'sbody.DoctorsuseX-raystostudyandexaminediseasesandinjurieswithinthebody.X-rayscanfindforeignobjectsinsidethebodyortotakepicturesofsomeorgansinsideifspecialthingsasdyesorspecialliquidsareaddedtotheorganstobeX-rayeD.A.CATscannerhoweverusesabeam光束ofX-raystogiveacross-sectionalviewofaparticularpartofthebody.A.finebeamofX-raysisscannedacrossthebodyandcircledaroundthepatientfrommanydifferentangles角度.A.computeranalyzes分析theinformationfromeachangleandproducesaclearcross-sectionalpictureonthescreen.ThispictureisthenphotographedforlaterusE.Severalcross-sectionstakenoneafteranothercangiveaclearphotooftheentirebodyorofanybodyorgans.ThenewestCATscannerscanevengiveaclearpictureofactivemovingorgansjustasafast-actioncameracanstoptheactiongivingclearpicturesofwhatappearonlymistily模糊totheeyE.Andbecauseofthe360-degreepicturesCATscansshow3-dimensionalviewsoforgansinamannerthatwasonceonlyseenduringsurgeryorautopsyexaminingadeadbody.69.Accordingtothefirsttwoparagraphsdoctorscanseetheinsideofapatient'sbodyby______.A.givingthepatientanoperationB.checkingbodyorgansC.gettinga360-degreepictureofasmallareaofapatient'sbodyD.examiningtheCATFromthelastparagraphwecaninferthat______.A.thenewestpicturesbecomemoremistyB.manypicturescanbetakenatthesametimeC.theinformationaboutthescannedpatientisnothighlyvaluedD.somepicturesofthescannedpartsofthebodyaredevelopedforfurtherexaminationsinthefutureThebesttitleofthispassagemightbe______.A.ModernX-rayB.Three-dimensionalViewC.Fast-movingCameraD.CATScan
第三部分阅读理解共20小题每小题2分满分40分AExpertsaroundEuropearediscussingtheembarrassingmuseumsafetyfollowingthetheftoftwoartmasterpiecepaintingsonSunday.A.largehuntgotunderwayMondayforthieveswhowalkedintoalightlyguardedmuseuminOsloNorwaytoretwopaintingsoffthewallandranaway.Someexpressedfearthatworksofartareinincreasingdangerfromviolentrobbery—unlesssaidDeputyCultureMinisterYngveSlettholmwelocktheminamountainbunker碉堡.ArmedmaskedrobbersstoletheEdvardMunchmasterpieceTheScreamandanotherofMunch'sworksMadonnafromOslo'sMunchMuseumonSundayasvisitorswatchedindisbelief.Thepurposebehindtherobberyalsoremainedunknown.Butartexpertsguessedthethieveswereeitherlookingformoneyorwishedtoimpressothercriminalssinceitwouldbenearlyimpossibletosellsuchfamouspiecesofart.Thisisthesecondtimeinadecadethataversionofthepaintinghasbeenstolen.AnotherversionofTheScreamwasstolenfromOslo'sNationalGalleryinFebruary2004butrecoveredthreemonthslater.TheMunchworkswerenotinsuredagainsttheftbecauseitwasimpossibletosetapriceonthemsaidJohnOeyaasmanagingdirectorofOsloForsikringthecity-ownedcompanythatinsuredthepaintingsagainstdamagE.ButhesaidthetheftinbroaddaylightfromoneofNorway'smostvisitedmuseumsraisesthequestionofsecurity—Howcanwemaketheseartworksavailabletothepublicwhilestillensuringtheirsafety?56.Thestolenpaintingsweredrawnby______.A.OsloForsikringB.YngveSlettholmC.EdvardMunchD.JohnOeyaas57.Whichofthefollowingdescriptioniscorrectaboutthetheft?A.ThetwopaintingswerestolenonMondayB.VisitorstothemuseumsawthefacesoftherobbersC.ThethieveswerelookingformoneyD.Thethieveshadweaponswiththemduringthetheft58.TheOslo’sMunchMuseum______.A.isoneofthemostpopularmuseuminthecountryB.hadallitspaintingsinsuredagainsttheftC.weregoingtolockthepaintingsinamountainbunkerD.hadanotherversionofTheScreamstolenin200459.Whatcouldbethebesttitleforthispassage?A.DangersofViolentRobberyB.HowtoEnsureSafetyofArtworksC.PricelessArtLostinBoldTheftD.FamousArtWorksFavoredbyThieves
ComputersareveryimportanttomodernlifE.ManypeoplethinkthatinthefuturecomputerswillbeusedinlotsofeverydaylifE.Itisthoughtthatwewon’thavetogoshoppingbecausewewillbeabletogetmostthingswhicharesoldinshopsontheInternet.Therewillbenomorebooksbecausewewillbeabletogetalltextsfromcomputers.TheInternetwillbeusedtoplaygamesseefilmsandbuyfooD.Mosttelephonecallswillbemadebycomputerstoo.Somepeoplearegladaboutthosenewwaysofshoppingandcommunicating交流.Othersdonotthinkthatcomputerswillreplace代替ouroldways.Somepeoplethinkthatonedaywewillnotreadbooksmadeofpaper.InsteadwewillbuyandreadbooksusingcomputerswhichwillkeepmanydifferentbooksinthematthesametimE.Wewon’tneedtoturnlotsofpagesandpaperwillbesaveD.Computerized计算机化的bookswillbeusedmoreandmorE.Whilemanypeoplesayitisapleasuretogointoshopsandlookatthingsyouwanttobuy.Itisalsounlikelythatmanypeoplewillwanttoreadlargetextsonourcomputers.Becausepaperbookswillperhapsbemorefriendly.Maybecomputerswon’tchangethesetwohabits.Whichisthemainideaofthispassage?A.PeoplelikegoingshoppingB.ReadingbooksisimportantC.ComputersareimportantD.ComputercanbeusedtoplaygamesTherewillbenomorebooksbecause________.A.ThereisnopaperinthefuturE.B.Peopledon’tlikereadingbooks.C.TheyareveryexpensivE.D.Wecanreadpassagesfromcomputers.WhichofthefollowingisTRUE?A.Wecanseefilmsbycomputers.B.Peopleallliketogoshoppingbycomputers.C.Wecan’tbuyanythingusingcomputers.D.Allthepeoplelikereadingbooksfromcomputers.Whichofthefollowingismentioned提到inthepassage?A.Computerscanhelpuse-mailourfriends.B.Wecanchatbyusingcomputers.C.Computerscanhelpusmaketelephonecalls.D.Wecanlistentothemusicbycomputers.
InJuly19阅读理解upiterthelargestplanetinoursolarsystemwasstruckby21piecesofacomet彗星.Whenthefragments碎片landedinthesouthernpartofthegiantplanettheexplosionswerewatchedbyscientistshereonearth.Butwhatifourownplanetwashitbyacomet?Theyearis2094.IthasbeenannouncedthatacometisheadingtowardstheEarth.MostofitwillmissourplanetbuttwofragmentswillprobablyhitthesouthernpartoftheEarth.ThenewshascausedpaniC.On17JulyafragmentfourkilometerswideenterstheEarth'satmospherewithahugeexplosion.AbouthalfofthefragmentisdestroyeD.ButthemajorpartsurvivesandhitstheSouthAtlanticat200timesthespeedofsounD.Theseaboilsandanenormouswaveiscreatedandspreads.ThewallofwaterrushestowardssouthernAfricaat800kilometresanhour.CitiesontheAfricancoastaretotallydestroyedandmillionsofpeoplearedrowneD.ThewavemovesintotheIndianOceanandheadstowardsAsiA.MillionsofpeoplearealreadydeadinthesouthernpartoftheEarthbutthenorthwon'tescapeforlong.Tonsofbrokenpiecesarethrownintotheatmospherebytheexplosions.Asthesunishiddenbycloudsofdusttemperaturesaroundtheworldfalltoalmostzero.CropsareruineD.WarsbreakoutascountriesfightforfooD.AyearlatercivilizationhascollapseD.Nomorethan10millionpeoplehavesurviveD.Coulditreallyhappen?InfactithasalreadyhappenedmorethanonceinthehistoryoftheEarth.Thedinosaurs恐龙wereontheEarthforover160millionyears.Then65millionyearsagotheysuddenlydisappeareD.ManyscientistsbelievethattheEarthwashitbyaspacefragment.Thedinosaurscouldn'tsurviveinthecoldclimatethatfollowedandtheybecameextinct.Willwemeetthesameend?1.WhichofthefollowingisNOTTRUEaccordingtotheauthor'sdescriptionofthedisasterin2094?A.ThewholeworldbecomesextremelycolD.B.AllthecoastalcitiesinAfricaaredestroyeD.C.Thewholemankindbecomesextinct.D.Thevisitofthecometresultsinwars.2.Whydoestheauthormentiondinosaursattheendofthepassage?A.BecausetheycouldonlyliveinthewarmclimatE.B.Becausetheyoncedominatedtheearth.C.Becausetheirextinctionindicatesfuturedisasters.D.BecausedinosaursandhumansneverliveinthesameagE.3.Inwritingthepassagetheauthorintendsto_______.A.giveanaccuratedescriptionofthepossibledisasterinthefutureB.provethathumanswillsoonerorlaterbedestroyedC.tellthehistoricaldevelopmentoftheEarthD.warnofapossibledisasterinthefuture4.Itcanbeconcludedthatthepassageismostprobablypartofan________.A.horrorstoryB.newsreportC.researchpaperD.articleofpopularscience
Nowlet’slookourselvesasaspeciesinrelationtoecosystembalancE.Modernscientistsbelievethathumankindlikeotheranimalsevolved进化throughmillionsofyearsofchangesandadaptationstotheenvironmentandthatourmostdirectevolutionaryancestorwasprobablyallearlierspeciesoftheprimatemonkeyapegroup.Despitethissimilaritywithothercreatureshowevertheevolutionofhumankinddiffersfromthatofotherspeciesinoneimportantanduniqueway.Inotherspeciesevolutionhasledtospecialization.bothinthespeciesabilitiesandinitsplacewithintheenvironmentalstructurE.ForexamplE.thegiraffeismuchadaptedtofeedingontreetopsbutitisalsospecializedandthuslimitedtofeedingontreesandshrubs灌木.OnlywithgreatdifficultycanitbenddowntograzeonthegrounD.Similarlytheanteaterisextremelywelladaptedtoeatingantsbutisunabletocatchoreatotheranimals.Thesameistrueforcountlessotherspecies.ForhumankinditisoppositE.Ourevolutionhadledtoaverygeneralizedability.Ourhighlydevelopedintelligenceandabilitytomakeandhandletoolsmeanthatwecandoalmostanything.HumansevolvedinsuchawaythatweareabletomoveintoeveryenvironmentonEarthandevenintospacE.NonaturalcompetitoroffersgreatresistanceandothernaturalenemiessuchasdiseasehavebeencontrolleD.SaidanotherwayweseeinhumankindagreatimbalancebetweenbiologicalpotentialandenvironmentalresistancE.Theresultistherapidlyincreasingworldpopulationfrequentlyreferredtoasthepopulationexplosion.Furthertosupportourgrowingpopulationnaturalecosystemsarebeingincreasinglydisplacedbyhumanhabitationsagricultureandotherhumansupportingactivities.Fromthepassagewecaninferthatinthecourseofevolution.A.humankindisveryimportanttoearlierspeciessuchastheprimategroupB.humanbeingsarelimitedbytheenvironmentwhileanimalsarenotC.humanbeingsbecomemoreandmoredifferentfromeachotherD.humankindhasexperiencedageneralizationratherthanspecializationinabilityAccordingtothepassageprimateincludessuchanimalsasA.monkeysandanteatersB.tigersandapesC.apesandmonkeysD.monkeysandgiraffesAccordingtothepassageevolutionhasmadeitpossibleforhumanstoA.increasethepopulationB.resistnaturaloffersC.gotothemoonD.curealldiseasesHumansevolvedinsuchawaythatweareabletomoveintoeveryenvironmentonEarthandevenintospacE.AccordingtotheauthorimbalancebetweenbiologicalpotentialandenvironmentalresistancehasresultedinA.thepopulationexplosionB.thedestructionofhumanhabitationsC.thegrowthofnaturalecosystemD.thespecializationofhumans
WeatherchangeswhenthetemperatureandtheamountofwaterintheatmospherechangE.Wecanseeandfeelwatercomingfromtheatmospherewhenwehaverain.ButthewatermustsomehowgetbacktotheatmospherE.MeteorologistscallthisthewatercyclE.TherearemanystagesinthewatercyclE.Rainfallswhenwatervaporincloudscondenses凝结.DropsofwaterformandfalltothegrounD.Thewatersoaksintothegroundandfeedsstreamsandrivers.A.lotofrainfallsintotheseA.TheheatofthesunevaporatessomeofthewaterinthegroundandintheriverslakesandtheseA.Itchangestheliquidwaterintowatervapour.Thevapourrisesontotheair.WatervapourisnormallyinvisiblE.Onaverydamporhumiddayhoweveryoucansometimesseewatervapourrisingfromapuddle水坑orpondinamist薄雾abovethewater.Watervapouralsogetsintotheairfromlivingthings.Treesandotherplantstakeinwaterthroughtheirrootsandgiveoffwatervapourfromtheirleaves.Peopleandlandanimalsdrinkwaterandbreatheoutwatervapour.Inallthesewaysthewaterreturnstotheair.Thereitgatherstoformcloudsandcondensestoformrain.Therainfallstoearthandthecyclestartsagain.Itcontinuesevenifsnoworhail冰雹fallinsteadbecausebotheventuallymelttoformwater.TheamountofwatervapourintheairdependsonthetemperaturE.Theairismoremoist潮湿inthetropics热带thaninthecoldpolarregions.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A.WatercyclE.B.Watervapour.C.Howrainforms.D.Watervapourrain.Howmanywaysofthewaterreturningtotheairarediscussedinthetext?A.Two.B.ThreE.C.Four.D.FivE.Whetherwatervapourcanbeseenornotdependson_______.A.howmuchwaterisevaporatedB.howgoodyoureyesareC.inwhichwaywaterisevaporatedD.climateorweatherFromthepassagewegettoknow_______.A.thereismorewatervapourintheairinthetropicsthanincoldpolarregionsB.thereismorewatervapourintheairincoldpolarregionthaninthetropicsC.itgetsmoreraininthetropicsthanincoldpolarregionsbecausethereislessvapourD.theamountofwatervapourintheairdependsonhowoftenitrains
Somespidershuntonthegroundothersbuildwebstotraptheirfoodbutthegrasswaterspidercatchesitspreybyrunningalongthesurfaceofthewater.ThisspecialwaterspiderlivesonthegrassybanksofstreamswheremosquitoesdamselfliesandotherinsectscometofeedandbreeD.AlthoughitisoneofthelargestspidersinNewZealandithasanunusualability.Itdoesn’tdisturbthewaterasitwaitsforitsmealandthereisbarelyaripple波纹whenitskims掠过acrossthesurfaceatlightningspeedtocatchitsprey.Grasswaterspidersdealswiftlywithlargerinsectslikedamselfliesbypullingtheirheadsunderthewaterandholdingthemthereuntiltheydrown.Afteramealthegrasswaterspiderspendsuptohalfanhourgrooming修饰itself.Itwipesitseighteyesbrushesitsantennae触角andtakesspecialcaretocleanthehairsonitsbody.Itisthehairsthattraptinybubbles泡沫ofairsothatthespidercanrundownablade叶片ofgrassandstayunderwaterforuptoanhourwhenitisfrighteneD.Thehairsalsokeepthespiderdryevenunderwater.Itisonlywhenthefemalespideriscaringfortheyoungthatshedoesnothuntonthewater.Aftermatingsheproducesalargeeggsac囊whichshecarriesaroundforfiveweeks.OncetheeggsstarttohatchsheattachesthesactosomebladesofgrassorathistlE.ShethentearsthesacopenandreleasesthetinyspidersintothenurseryweB.Howdoesthegrasswaterspiderkillitsprey?A.inawebB.bydrowningC.bypoisoningD.withitsantennaethewriterdescribesthespecialspiderasspecialbecause_______.A.itwalksonwaterB.ithaseighteyesC.ofitshairyappearanceD.ofthewayitproducesitsyoungThepassagetellsusthatthespider______.A.feedsgrassandthistlestoitsyoung.B.livesonbladesofgrassunderthewaterC.livesinthegrassonthebanksofstreamsD.eatsamealonceeveryfiveweeksThepurposeofthepassageisto_______.A.convincereadersthatspidersaredangerousB.indicatethatthegrasswaterspiderisendangeredC.listallofthespidersthatcanbefoundinNewZealandD.describethecharacteristicsofthegrasswaterspider
SpecialtreesthatgrowfasterfightpollutionproducebetterwoodandevensensechemicalattacksarebeingplantedbyscientistsintheUS.When40percentofHawaii'sUS$14million-a-yearpapaya木瓜industrywasdestroyedbyavirusfiveyearsagoworkbeganoncreatinggeneticallyengineered转基因的trees.Researcherssuccessfullyintroducedseedsthatweredesignedtoresistthevirus.Sincethenmoreandmorepeoplehavebeentestinggeneticallyengineeredtrees.SomeresearchersputspecialbacteriaintotreestohelpthemgrowfasterandproducebetterwooD.Othersaretryingtocreatetreesthatcancleanpollutedsoil.Meanwhilefruitfarmersarelookingfortreesthatarestrongenoughtoresistwormsandpapercompanieswanttreesthatproducemorewoodandthereforemorepaper.ThePentagon五角大楼evengavetheresearchersUS$500000thisyearaftertheydevelopedapinetreethatchangesitscoloursifitsensesachemicalattack..Sofarthepoplareucalyptus杨树与桉树appleandcoffeetreesareamongthosebeingengineereD.Allthiscanbedonetodaybecausewehaveabetterunderstandingoftreegenomes基因组.Howeversomepeoplefearthatthegeneticallyengineeredtreeswillcausedangerousresults.Theyareworriedthatthenewtreeswillbreedwithnaturalspeciesandchangethebalanceoftheforestenvironment.ItcouldbedestructivesaidJimDiamondanenvironmentalist.Treesarewhatisleftofournaturalenvironmentandhometomanyendangeredspecies.Butresearchersinsistthatsciencecouldgivenatureafightingchanceagainstbothnaturalandman-madedangers.TheyhopetoanswerthecriticsbystoppingthenewtreesfrombreedingsotheireffectontheenvironmentcanbecontrolleD.WhattreesareNOTtheonesthatscientistsareplantingintheUS?A.Treesthatwormscan'thurt.B.Treesthatcanprotectthemselvesatachemicalattack.C.Treesthatcanresistwindbetter.D.Treesthatcanimprovesoilconditions.WhatcausedtheAmericanscientiststoworkonspecialtrees?A.Theythinksciencecouldgivenatureafightingchanceagainstbothnaturalandman-madedangers.B.Greatnumbersoftreeshavebeenlostduetoattacksbyviruses.C.Researcherssuccessfullyintroducedseedsdesignedtoresistthevirus.D.Treegenomesaremappedoutsoscientistsknowhowtoimprovetrees.Whichofthefollowingwasprobablythefirstkindoftreesbeingengineered?A.PapayA.B.PinE.C.ApplE.D.Poplar.Thebesttitleofthepassageis.A.TheimprovementofenvironmentB.Theside-effectsofspecialtreesC.ThedevelopmentofspecialtreesD.theprogramofgeneticallyengineeredtrees
What’sthepurposeoftheadvertisement?A.Tointroducesomewildanimalstovisitors.B.Toinvitevisitorstowalkinthewildlifepark.C.Toattractvisitorstogetclosetotheseaanimals.D.Toprovideseafoodforvisitorstofeedtheseaanimals.IfaparentwhoisthememberoftheAquariumisgoingtohavetheTrainerTourwithherchildoftenhowmuchdoesshehavetopay?A.$175B.$140C.$35D.$31Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtotheadvertisement?A.TheprogramsarechangeablE.B.ThereisnodangertoasmallchilD.C.Youcanphone604—659—FISHtobooktheprograms.D.Biggergroupsofvisitorsareencouragedtosavemoney.
AnimalsaremorelikeusthanweeverimagineD.TheyfeelpaintheyexperiencestresstheyshowaffectionexcitementandlovE.Allthesefindingshavebeenmadebyscientistsinrecentyears---andsuchresultsarebeginningtochangehowweviewanimals.StrangelyenoughsomeofthisresearchwassponsoredbyfastfoodcompanieslikeMcDonald’sandKFC.Pressuredbyanimalrightsgroupsthesecompaniesfelttheyhadtofundscientistsresearchingtheemotionalandmentalstatesofanimals.McDonald’sforinstancefundedstudiesonpigbehavioratPurdueUniversityIndianA.Thisresearchfoundthatpigsseekaffectionandeasilybecomedepressedifleftaloneorpreventedfromplayingwitheachother.Iftheybecomedepressedtheysoonbecomephysicallyill.BecauseofthisandothersimilarstudiestheEuropeanUnionhasbannedtheuseofisolatingpigstallsfrom2010.InGermanythegovernmentisencouragingpigfarmerstogiveeachpig20secondsofhumancontactadayandtoprovidethemwithtoystopreventthemfromfightingOtherscientistshaveshownthatanimalsthinkandbehavelikehumans.Kokothe300-poundgorillaattheGorillaFoundationinNorthernCaliforniaforinstancehasbeentaughtsignlanguagE.KokocannowunderstandseveralthousandEnglishwordsmorethanmanyhumanswhospeakEnglishasasecondlanguagE.OnhumanIQtestsshescoresbetween70and95.Beforesuchexperimentshumansthoughtlanguageskillswereabsentfromtheanimalkingdom.Othermythsarealsobeingoverturnedlikethebeliefthatanimalslackself-awareness.StudieshavealsoshownthatanimalsmourntheirdeadandthattheyplayforpleasurE.Thesestrikingsimilaritiesbetweenanimalandhumanbehaviorhaveledsometoaskaquestion:Ifyoubelieveinevolutionhowcan’tyoubelievethatanimalshavefeelingsthathumanbeingshave?Untilrecentlyscientistsbelievedthatanimalsbehavedbyinstinctandthatwhatappearedtobelearnedbehaviorwasmerelygenetically-programmedactivity.ButasKokotheGorillashowsthisisnotthecasE.Infactlearningispassedfromparenttooffspringfarmoreoftenthannotintheanimalkingdom.Sowhatimplicationsdoesthisknowledgehaveforhumans?Becauseofthisshouldwebanhuntingandanimaltesting?Shouldweclosezoos?Suchquestionsarebeingraisedbymanyacademicsandpoliticians.Harvardand25otherAmericanlawschoolshaveintroducedcoursesonanimalrights.Germanymeanwhilerecentlyguaranteedanimalrightsinitsconstitution---thefirstcountrytodoso.McDonald’sandKFCgivemoneytosupportscientisttodoresearchonanimalsbecause_____A.theyareinternationalbigcompanies.B.theyloveanimals.C.theyarepressuredbyanimalrightgroups.D.theyearnalargeamountofmoneyandwanttodosomegooddeeds.TheresearchonpigsatPurdueUniversityshowsthat______A.pigslovebeingalonE.B.pigseasilybecomephysicallyill.C.pigsneedaffection.D.pigsdon’tliketoplaywitheachother.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?A.Animalsbehavebyinstinct.B.Animalshaveself-awareness.C.AnimalshavefeelingsandlovE.D.Animalsdonothavelanguageskills.Shouldwebanhuntingandanimaltesting?A.Yes.B.NoC.NotcertainD.Notmentioned
Everyyearmobilephonesdevelop.Imaginingwhattheywilllooklikeandbeabletodoin2020isreallyachallengE.Tohelpexpertshaveoutlinedthreemajormobiletrendsthattheybelievewillhavebecomerealitybythen.Ourphoneswillbesosmartin10years’timethatthey’llknoweverythingaboutoursituationandwarnuswhensomethingneedsourattention.ThisisthetoppredictionofbothNokiaandGooglE.TheypredictthatourcarsandhomeapplianceswillbeabletocommunicatewithourmobilE.Forexamplefridgeswilltellyourmobiletotellyoutopickupmilkonthewaybackfromwork.Whiledrivingyourmobilewillsuggestthatyoutakeadifferentroutebecausethere’saroadaccidentupaheaD.Thesecondtrendisingesture-basedcontrols.PeoplewhoknowtheiPhone’stouch-sensitivescreenarealreadyfamiliarwiththetechnology.Ittranslateshandmovementsintoactionson-screen.Butgesturalcommunicationswillmakethephonemoreconvenienttouseandmaycompletelyreplacetouchpads.Accordingtoindustryinsidersthemostimmediatestepforwardingesturaltechnologywillbeinvoicerecognition.It’sbelievedvoicerecognitiontechnologywillspeedupcommunications.ItisquickertospeakthantypE.Eventuallyphonescreenswilldisappear.ThethirdmajordevelopmentwillchangeourunderstandingofamobilephonE.Fromasinglephonethemobilewillbedevelopedintomulti-partdevices.Itisoppositetothecurrenttrendinwhichmobilephonesarecombiningthefunctionsofcamerasmusicplayersandgameconsoles.Thepredictionisbasedontheideathattheworldwillbecomemorewirelessandallthese—camerasmusicplayersandgameconsoles—willbewirelesslyconnecteD.Mobilephoneswon’tneedtocontainthesedevicesbecauseuserswillbeabletocontrolthemwirelesslythroughtheirphones.Thefirstparagraphservesas.A.alead-inB.aconclusionC.asummaryD.asupportingfactWhichofthefollowingismostlikelytobetheappearanceofamobilephonein2020?Fromthetextwecanlearnthatthefuturemobilephoneswill.A.drivecarsforusB.becontrolledbytheusers’voicesC.becontrolledbyhomeappliancesD.beverybigtogetherwithseparatedmultiplepartsThetextmainlytellsus.A.threemajortrendsofmobilephonesB.whatmobilephoneswilllooklikein2020C.thefuturemobilephonesaregesture-basedD.somenewfunctionsofthepresentmobilephones
DoomedbeautiessuchasCleopatraandManilynMonroewerefarfromaloneintheirmisery.VeryattractivepeopletendtoformpartnershipsthatarelessstableandsatisfyingthanthoseenjoyedbyplainJanes.AccordingtoresearchbyDrJohnBlaineoftheUniversityofSouthernCaliforniarelationshipsbetweenpeoplewhoseprofessionslargelydependontheirappearancessuchasmodelsoractorstendtoendmuchfasterthanthosebetweenlawyersdoctorsorstudents.BlainesaidthebeautifulfeltdifferentfromchildhooD.Theyaretreatedasspecialwhichmaycreatebotharrogance傲慢andinsecurity.Alltoooftenbeautycanbeusedasanalternativetoeducation.OftentheyarepushedoutoftheirclassortowntoldtogooffandmaketheirfortuneinHollywoodorLondonandwhenthemajorityfailtheyhavefewtalents才能tomakealiving.Blaineaddedthatbeautifulpeoplescorepoorlyonthebigfive—thekeyfactorsAmericanexpertsconsiderwhenhelpingdistressedcouples.Theseareneuroticism神经过敏includingangerandanxiety;extroversion性格外向;opennesstonewexperiences;agreeableness;andconscientiousnessorstickingbyagreementstheyhavemadE.AttractivepeopleoftenseenoreasontotrytochangeuntiltheirlooksstarttofadE.KristaSutherlandoftheUniversityofCaliforniaLosAngelessaidpartnershipsthatappearedtobeperfectfromtheoutsidesuchastheformerdreamteamsofNicoleKidmanandTomCruiseorHughGrantandElizabethHurleywherebackgroundsandaspirations抱负areoftenshareddidnotnecessarilyleadtohappiness.WhatdoestheunderlinedsentenceDoomedbeautiessuchasCleopatraandManilynMonroewerefarfromaloneintheirmisery.means?A.Beautifulwomenalwaysfeltlonely.B.BeautifulwomenalwayswerealonE.C.Manybeautifulwomendidn’tendupwithahappylifE.D.BeautifulwomenalwayslivedahappylifE.TheunderlinedphraseplainJanesinthepassagereferto________.A.ordinary-lookingwomenB.womencalledJaneC.commonpeopleD.attractivewomenWecaninferinthepassagethat________.A.HughGrantandElizabethHurleywereacoupleB.NicoleKidmanandTomCruisewereverysatisfiedwiththeirlifeC.WhentheyfailinHollywoodthebeautifulhavelittletroubleinmakingalivingD.ThemarriageofthebeautifuloftenlastlongWhichofthefollowingisthebesttitle?A.FivekeyfactorsaffectingthepartnershipB.BeautiesaredoomedtofailinloveC.Beautiesorcommon?D.Thebeautifularedifferent.
Thereisadefinitepossibilitythattheclimateoftheworldmaybechanging.SomescientistsimaginethatthiscouldevenmeanthebeginningofanothericeagE.Theeffectsofsuchachangeinclimateonthehumanpopulationoftheworldwouldbestartling惊人的.RecentresearchsuggeststhatthegeneralwarmingtrendofthepasthundredyearsorsomaybecomingtoanenD.DuringthepasttenyearsmeteorologiststellustheaveragetemperatureoftheEarthhasdroppedaboutonedegreeFahrenheit.ThisdoesnotseemlikemuchbutitcouldhaveeffectsonwindandrainpatternswhichinfluencetheoverallweatherpicturE.Ifthesepatternschangealotitcouldmeanthatcertainregionsoftheworldmaycontinuetohavelongdroughtswhileotherswillpossiblysufferfromwidespreadflooding.Whatregulates调节theclimateisnotexactlyknown.MeteorologistsbelievethatcloudsmaybeanimportantfactorinregulatingtheamountofsolarheatheldbytheEarthwhichinturndeterminesthetemperatureoftheplanet.Anotherpossibilityisthatman’sindustrialandagriculturalmethodsmaybeaffectingthenaturalweatherpatterns.Howevertheweatherisnotunderstoodwellenoughforscientiststosayforcertainwhatishappeningtotheclimateandwhatsideeffectsthiswillactuallyhaveontheworld’spopulation.Accordingtothepassagetheclimateoftheworldseemsto.A.begettingcolderB.begettingwarmerC.remainthesameinthepasttenyearsD.havegoodeffectsontheworld’spopulationWhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A.Man’sactivitieshavenoeffectontheclimatE.B.Anothericeagewillcomesoon.C.Peopledon’tcareaboutthechangingclimatE.D.ScientistsarenotyetsureaboutthereasonforthechangingclimatE.A.meteorologistisapersonwho.readsweatherforecastsonradioortelevisionB.thinkstherewillbeanothericeageC.studiesandknowsabouttheweatherD.believestherewillbewidespreadfloodingWhichofthefollowingmaybethefactorsthataffectsthenaturalweatherpatterns?A.Clouds.B.TheamountofheattheEarthreceives.C.Man’sindustrialandagriculturalmethods.D.AlloftheabovE.Thebesttitleforthepassagewouldbe.A.DroughtsandFloods.B.MeteorologistsC.TheChangingClimateD.SolarHeat
Lichens地衣aredifficulttoseE.Theydon’tmovE.TheyoftenmixintothelivingplacE.Youmightnotevenrecognizeoneifyouarelookingrightatit.Lichensliveonrocksbrancheshousesandevenmetalstreetsigns.Youcanfindthesecolorfulorganisms微生物almosteverywhere—fromdesertstorainforestsandfromAntarcticatoAfricA.They’vetraveledinouterspaceandsomescientiststhinktheremightevenbelichensonMars.Whatyouprobablydon’trealizeisthatalichenismorethanasinglething.Itincludestwodifferenttypesoflivingorganisms:afungus菌类andanalga藻类.Neitheroftheseorganismsisaplantsothelichenisn’taplanteither.Throughphotosynthesis光合作用thealgagetsthesun’senergytomakefoodforthefunguswhichistheplaceforthealgatolivein.Howeverthealgacannotleavethefungus.Aroundtheworldscientistshavefoundtensofthousandsoftypesoflichens.Manymaynotevenhavebeendiscoveredyet.Asscientistscontinuetofindnewkindsoflichenstheyarealsoworkingtounderstandhowtheyareconnectedtooneanother.ByputtingtogetheralichenfamilytreetheyhopetounderstandwhysomanydifferenttypesoflichenshavegrowninsomanyplacesaroundtheworlD.Manyresearchersaretryingtounderstandbasicfactsabouttheorganismsandtheirconnections.Researchersarealsousinglichenstoexaminethehealthoftheenvironment.Whatdoweknowaboutlichensaccordingtothepassage?A.TheywilldieiftheyleaveEarth.B.TherearemorelichensthanplantsonEarth.C.Theylooksimilartotheenvironmentaroundthem.D.TheyaretoosmalltobeeasilyseenbypeoplE.Whatdoesthesecondparagraphmainlytalkabout?A.ThewaylichenslivE.B.Thenaturalenvironmentoflichens.C.Thewaylichensworkasorganisms.D.Thefamilytreeoflichens.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTthescientists’purposesofstudyinglichens?A.Tounderstandbasicfactsaboutthem.B.TocreatalichenfamilytreE.C.Tounderstandhowlichensarerelatedtoeachother.D.Tounderstandwhylichenscanliveindifferentplaces.Wecanknowfromthepassagethat__________.A.lichenscanbeusedtobetterunderstandtheenvironmentB.lichensdon’thaveanydifferencesincolorsorsizesC.lichensdon’tusephotosynthesislikeagreenplantD.scientistshavediscoveredeverykindoflichen
Halfofallbossessayalackofsleepmakesthemirritable易怒的andproneto有倾向的shoutattheirstaffastudysaiD.OneinfivemanagersalsosaidbeingkeptawakeatnightmeanttheyweremorelikelytomakemistakestheMoripollof1006peoplerevealed显示.Some48%ofpeopleaged35to44saidtheydidnotgetenoughsleepcomparedtoanationalaverage39%.Amongthatagegrouppeoplewithyoungchildrenandmanagerial管理的jobsweremostlikelytosuffer.Thereportcommissioned委托bythethinktankDe??mosandIkeasaidtheissueofsleephadbeenforgotteninthework/lifebalancedebatE.ReportauthorCharlesLeadbeatersaidOnanyworkingdayaquarterofallmanagersinBritainarelikelytobeinabadmoodbecausetheyhavenotsleptwell.Thesesleep-deprivedandshoutymanagerswithatend??encytomakemistakesareresponsibleformillionsofBritishworkers.It’shardlyarecipeforgoodmanagement.AndMr.Leadbeatercalledonthegovernmentandem??ployerstotakeaction.A.smalllossofsleepislikelytohaveabigimpactonpeoplewholeadstressfullives.Stressedoutparentsarealreadynotsleepingenough.Theyarethepeoplemostlikelytohavetheirsleepdisruptedandtheyareleastabletorecover.Apartfromchildrenkeepingtheirparentsawakeworryingaboutworkisthebiggestcauseofwakefulnessatnightamongmanagers.Womenarefivetimesmorelikelythanmentolosesleepbecausetheirpartnerssnore打呼噜.Thereportpredictedthattherewaslikelytobeagrowingmarketofsleep-deprivedpeoplewithanincreaseinpublicnapping.Opportunitiestotakeanapatworkarealsolikelytoin??creaseandthereportrecommendedthatemployerstaketheirresponsibilityforensuringemployeeswerewellsleptmorese??riously.PeterJelkebymarketingmanageratIkeasaidthere??searchconfirmedsuspicionsBritonswerenotgettingenoughsleep.Andheadded:ThisishavingadetrimentaleffectonoursocietyasawholE.9.Whichoffollowingistrueaccordingtothetext?A.Halfofthepeoplesayalackofsleepmakesthemirrita??blE.B.20%managerssaidbeingkeptawakeatnightmeanttheyweremorelikelytomakemistakes.C.Some48%ofpeoplesaidtheydidnotgetenoughsleep.D.Peoplewithyoungchildrenandmanagerialjobsweremostlikelytosuffer.10.Whatdoestheunderlinedworddetrimentalmean?A.良好的.B.有害的C.片面的D.致命的11.Whothatsufferedsleepdisruptedareleastabletorecover?A.Thebosses.B.Managers.C.Peopleaged35to44.D.Stressedoutparents.12.Apartfromchildrenkeeping:theirparentsawake________isthebiggestcauseofwakefulnessatnightamongmanagers.A.worryingaboutworkB.theirpartners’snoringC.therelationshipD.workingconditions
Lichens地衣aredifficulttoseE.Theydon’tmovE.TheyoftenmixintothelivingplacE.Youmightnotevenrecognizeoneifyouarelookingrightatit.Lichensliveonrocksbrancheshousesandevenmetalstreetsigns.Youcanfindthesecolorfulorganisms微生物almosteverywhere—fromdesertstorainforestsandfromAntarcticatoAfricA.They’vetraveledinouterspaceandsomescientiststhinktheremightevenbelichensonMars.Whatyouprobablydon’trealizeisthatalichenismorethanasinglething.Itincludestwodifferenttypesoflivingorganisms:afungus菌类andanalga藻类.Neitheroftheseorganismsisaplantsothelichenisn’taplanteither.Throughphotosynthesis光合作用thealgagetsthesun’senergytomakefoodforthefunguswhichistheplaceforthealgatolivein.Howeverthealgacannotleavethefungus.Aroundtheworldscientistshavefoundtensofthousandsoftypesoflichens.Manymaynotevenhavebeendiscoveredyet.Asscientistscontinuetofindnewkindsoflichenstheyarealsoworkingtounderstandhowtheyareconnectedtooneanother.ByputtingtogetheralichenfamilytreetheyhopetounderstandwhysomanydifferenttypesoflichenshavegrowninsomanyplacesaroundtheworlD.Manyresearchersaretryingtounderstandbasicfactsabouttheorganismsandtheirconnections.Researchersarealsousinglichenstoexaminethehealthoftheenvironment.Whatdoweknowaboutlichensaccordingtothepassage?A.TheywilldieiftheyleaveEarth.B.TherearemorelichensthanplantsonEarth.C.Theylooksimilartotheenvironmentaroundthem.D.TheyaretoosmalltobeeasilyseenbypeoplE.Whatdoesthesecondparagraphmainlytalkabout?A.ThewaylichenslivE.B.Thenaturalenvironmentoflichens.C.Thewaylichensworkasorganisms.D.Thefamilytreeoflichens.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTthescientists’purposesofstudyinglichens?A.Tounderstandbasicfactsaboutthem.B.TocreatalichenfamilytreE.C.Tounderstandhowlichensarerelatedtoeachother.D.Tounderstandwhylichenscanliveindifferentplaces.Wecanknowfromthepassagethat__________.A.lichenscanbeusedtobetterunderstandtheenvironmentB.lichensdon’thaveanydifferencesincolorsorsizesC.lichensdon’tusephotosynthesislikeagreenplantD.scientistshavediscoveredeverykindoflichen
Playisthebasicbusinessofchildhoodandinrecentyearsresearchhasshownthegreatimpor??tanceofplayinthedevelopmentofahumanbeing.Fromearliestinfancy婴儿everychildneedsopportunityandtherightmaterialsforplayandthemaintoolsofplayaretoys.Themainfunctionoftoysistosuggestencourageandplay.Tosucceedinthistheymustbegoodtoyswhichchildrenwillplaywithoftenandwillcomebacktoagainandagain.Thereforeitisimportanttochoosesuit??abletoysfordifferentstagesofachild’sdevelopment.Inrecentyearsresearchoninfantdevelopmenthasshownthatthestandardachildislikelytoreachwithintherangeofhisinherited遗传的abilitiesislargelydeterminedinthefirstthreeyearsofhislifE.Soababy’sabilitytobenefitfromtherightplaymaterialsshouldnotbeunderestimateD.A.babywhoisencouragedtalkedtoandshownthingsandplayedwithhasthebestchanceofgrowingupsuccessfully.Inthenextstagefromthreetofiveyearsoldcuriosityknowsnobounds.Everytypeofsuitabletoysshouldbemadeavailabletothechildfortryingoutexperimentingandlearningfordiscoveringhisownparticularability:Bricksandjigsaws七巧板andconstructiontoys;paintingscribbling涂鸦andmakingthings;sandandwaterplay;toysforimaginativeandpretendingplay—thefirstso??cialgamesforlearningtoplayandgetonwithothers.Butatthethirdstageofplaydevelopment—fromfivetosevenoreightyearsold—thechildisatschool.Butforafewmoreyearsplayisstillthebestwayoflearningathomeoratschool.Itiseasiertoseewhichtypeoftoysthechildmostenjoys.UntiltheageofsevenoreightplayandworkmeanmuchthesametoachilD.Butoncereadinghasbeenmasteredthenbooksbecomethemainsourceoflearning.Toysarestillinterestingandval??uablewhichleaduptonewhobbiesbuttheirsignificancehaschanged—toachildofnineortenyearsoldtoysandgamesmeanastoadultsrelaxationandfun.1.accordingtothefirstpassageweknowthatasachildgrowsup________.A.heshouldbeallowedtochoosehisowntoysB.heshouldbegiventhesametoysC.heshouldbegivendifferenttoysD.heshouldbegivenfewerandfewertoys2.accordingtothepassagetheabilitiesachildhasinheritedfromhisparents________.A.determinehischaracterB.willnotchangeaftertheageofthreeC.partlydeterminethestandardheislikelytoreachD.toalargeextentdeterminethechoiceoftoys3.Welearnfromthepassagethatachildhasboundlesscuriosity________.A.whenheistwoB.whenheisaroundfourC.whenheissixD.whenheiseight4.Thepassageismainlyabout________.A.theimportanceofpre-schooleducationB.theimportanceofschoolingC.theroleofplayinachild’sdevelopmentD.thechoiceoftoysforyoungster
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