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If you don’t have a college degree, you’re at greater risk of developing memory problems or even Alz...
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Accordingtodecades-longresearchwomenwhotooklowtomoderate节制dailydosesofaspirinhadareduceddeathrateespeciallyfromheartdiseasE.Theresearchbasedondatafromamajortrialthathastrackedalmost80000womensince1976foundthatwomenwhoreportedusingaspirinonaregularbasishada25percentlowerriskofdeathfromanycausethanwomenwhodidn'ttakethedrug.Theriskofdeathfromcardiovascular心血管的diseasewas38percentlowerforaspirinusersandtherewasalsoa12percentreductionincancerdeathsthattookeffectafteradecadeofaspirinusetheresearchersfoundintheirreportbasedontheNurses'HealthStudy.HoweveranaccompanyingeditorialinthejournalcautionedthattheresultswereopentodebateandfarfromdefinitivE.Thedissenting持异议的editorialwasbasedonresultsofanearliertrialbytheWomen'sHealthStudywhichfollowedalmost40000womenfor11yearsandfoundnoreductioninoveralldeaths.Thereforethenewfindingscannotovercometheaccumulatedevidencethataspirinisnotparticularlyeffectivefortheprimarypreventionofdeathfromcardiovasculardiseaseinwomen.ThisisacomplicatedissuesaidDr.AndrewT.Chanleadingauthorofthenewreport.Weunderstandthataspirinhaspotentialhealthbenefitsbutwhowouldaspirintherapy疗法beappropriatefor?ThereareareasofdisagreementthatneedfurtherstudybeforethatquestioncanbeansweredChansaiD.ButthereisinformationfromthetwolargestudiesandothertrialsthatcanhelpguidewomenandtheirphysicianshesaiD.Andanyonewhoisthinkingaboutdailyaspirinshouldreallytalkwithdoctorsaboutthebenefitsandrisks.66.ThenewreportclearlybenefitsthewomensufferingA.heartdiseaseB.cancerC.loseofmemoryD.aspirinsideeffects67.Whichofthefollowingquestionshasn'tbeensolvedaccordingtoDr.Chan?A.Whetheraspirinisbeneficialforhealth?B.Whichofthetworesearchesisreallyreliable?C.Whowilldothefurtherstudyinthisarea?D.Whoareproperforthistreatment?68.Whichresearchdoestheauthorseemtosupport?A.ThenewonE.B.TheearlieronE.C.Neither.D.Both.69.WeknowfromthelastparagraphthatwomenwhotrustthetreatmentshouldA.beverycarefulaboutitB.startimmediatelywiththehelpoftheirphysiciansC.concentrateonthebenefitsinsteadoftherisksD.turntotheirphysiciansforonlythebenefitithas70.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?A.Topromotethenewaspirintherapytowomen.B.Tointroducetwocontroversialresearches.C.TodrawafinalconclusiononthedebatE.D.Tohelpwomenlivelongerandhealthier.
Mostschoolsbanchewinggumbutinafewyearstheymightconsiderchangingthatrule.WhyScientistsarefindingevidencethatgumchewingmaybegoodforyourhealth.Itmayevenhelpboost提高yourtestscores.Thisexcitingresearchisjustbeginning.Andinthemeantimecompaniesarealsoexperimentingwithaddingvitaminsmineralsmedicinesandothersubstancesthatcouldgivegumthepowertocureheadachesandfighteverythingfromseriousdiseasestobadbreath.Peoplehavebeenchewinggumforthousandsofyears.AncientGreeksMayasandNativeAmericansforexamplechewedonthesaporresinofcertaintypesoftrees.Todaygumisalitdemorecomplicated.Gummanufacturersstartbymixingresinwaxandamoleculecalledpolyvinylacetatetomakeagumbase.Byvaryingthetypesandamountsoftheseingredientsscientistscanmakethousandsofformulations.JustwhatcangumdoforyourhealthManystudiesshowthatchewinggumaftermealsfightscavities洞bystimulatingtheproductionofsaliva.Salivahelpswashawaybacteriathatdamageourteeth.Aningredientcalledxylitolwhichisaddedtoitprovidesanextradoseofcavity－fightingpower.Thisisgoodformorethanjusttheteeth.Researchsuggeststhatgoodoralhealthdecreasestheriskofheartdiseaseandotherseriousdiseases.Chewinggummightalsobegoodforyourbrain.Chewinggumbooststheflowofbloodtoparticipants’brainsby40percent.Buttoomuchchewingcandamagethejawjoint.Andchewingtoomuchofgumthatcontainsvitaminscaffeineoramedicinecouldleadtoanoverdose.What’samorenomatterhowhealthygumchewingprovestobeitwillneverbeamatchforahealthylifestyle.Nothinglikegumoravitaminisgoingtocureabaddietaryhabitorabadexercisehabitit’snotamagicbullet.64.WhyarecompaniestryingtoputmedicinesintogumA.Becausetheywantgumtocuresomediseases.B.Becausetheywishpeopletobecomeaddictivetoit.C.Becausetheyplantomakegummoretasteful.D.Becausetheyhopetomakegumgoodforteeth.65.Fromthelasttwoparagraphswecaninferthat.A.chewinggumhasamagicpowertocureyourbadlifestyleB.chewinggumcan’treplacethehealthylifestyleC.chewinggumcanleadtoabadexercisehabitD.toomuchgumchewingprovestobeharmfultoyourteeth66.HowdoeschewinggumfightcavitiesA.Bymakingpeoplebrushteethimmediatelyaftermeals.B.Bykillingbacteriathatareharmfultoourteeth.C.Bymakingpeopleproducemoresaliva.D.Byaddingsomemoremedicinestothegum.67.Thebesttitleforthepassagemaybe.A.AMatchforExerciseB.GumChewingisaMagicBulletC.NoGumChewingatSchoolD.ChewingGumforHealth
BESTPRODUCTWE'VEEVERSEEN－THISREALLYWORKS－ONSALENOWNeedtoloweryourcholesterol胆固醇WestronglyrecommendCholestrolblockTM.Thisreallyworksandnowisthebesttimetobuybecauseofaspecialofferforthefirst250customersonlyforalimitedtimE.*Takescholesteroloutoffoodnomatterwhatyoueat.*Clinicallydemonstratedeffectiveinuniversityandhospitaltesting.*Lowerscholesterolabsorptionupto42%ormore.*NOSIDEEFFECTSunlikeLiptor®Zocor®Crests®＆othercommonlyprescribed处方的medications－safeandeffectivE.*OutsellsallotherbrandsonInterneteverymonth.LIMITEDTIMEONLY一TryCholesterolWatchersfreewithpurchasE.60.Ifyouhappentobethe200thcustomertobuyCholesterolblockyouwill.A.beabletobuyitatalowpriceB.betheluckiestoneonlineC.tryitfreeofchargeD.changeyourdiet61.Liptor®Zocor®Crestor®are.A.diseasesB.sideeffectsC.medicinesD.cholesterol62.Wherecanyoumostprobablyreadthispassage?A.Inatravelguidebook.B.Onauniversitybulletinboard.C.InahealthmagazinE.D.Inadoctor'sprescription.
Angerisgoodforyouaslongasyoucontrolitproperlyaccordingtoanewpsychologyresearch.ThenewstudyfromCarnegieMellonUniversityshowsangermayhelppeoplereducethenegativeeffectsofstressandhelpyoubecomehealthier.Heregettingemotionalisnotbadforyouifyoulookatthecaseofanger.SaidJenniferLernerofCarnegieMellonThemorepeopleshowangerthelowertheirstressresponses.Lernerstudied92UCLAstudentsbyaskingthemtocountbackfrom6200.Theymustsayoutloudevery13thnumber.Researchersinterferedwith扰乱妨碍thembyaskingthemtocountfasteroraskingthemotherquestions.Iftheymadeanymistaketheyhadtorestartfromtheverybeginning.Manystudentsfeltdepressedaboutmakingsomanymistakesorgotangrybecausetheresearcherswereinterruptingthem.Lernerusedahiddenvideocameraandrecordedalltheirfacialexpressionsduringthetest.Theresearchersdescribedtheirreactionsasfearangeranddisgust.Otherresearchersrecordedthestudents’bloodpressureandproductionofhigh-stresshormonE.荷尔蒙PeoplewhosefacesshowedmorefearduringtheexperimenthadhigherbloodpressureandhigherlevelsofthehormonE.Bothcanhavelastingeffectssuchasdiabetes糖尿病heartdiseasedepressionandweightgain.Whenpeoplefeelfearnegativeeffectsincreasebutwhentheygetangrythosenegativesgodownaccordingtothestudy.HavingthatsenseofangerleadspeopletoactuallyfeelsomepowerinwhatotherwiseisamaddeningsituationLernersaiD.SoinmaddeningsituationsangerisnotabadthingtohavE.It’sahealthierresponsethanfear.72.Thepassagemainlywantstotellus.A.peopleshouldbeangryallthetimeB.angerdoesnoharmtopeopleC.whattheeffectsofangerareD.angercanbegoodforyou73.InthetestgivenbyLernerifthestudentsmademistakestheywereaskedto.A.takethenexttestB.sayoutloudthenumber13C.countbackfrom6200againD.answersomeotherquestions74.Fromthispassagewecaninferthat.A.ifpeopleoftengetangrytheywillprobablyhavehigherbloodpressureB.higherbloodpressuremayhavesomethingtodowithweightgainC.whenpeoplefeelfeartheywillprobablyhavelowerlevelsofthehormoneD.thosewhohaveheartdiseasewillsurelysufferfromdepression75.Theunderlinedwordmaddeninginthethirdparagraphprobablymeans.A.veryannoyingB.ratherdifficultC.extremelydangerousD.quitedifferent
Indepartmentstoresandclosetsallovertheworldtheyarewaiting.Theiroutwardappearanceseemsratherappealingbecausetheycomeinavarietyofstylespatternsmaterialsandcolors.Buttheyareeventuallythebiggestdeception欺骗thatexistsinthefashionindustrytoday.Whatarethey?Theyarehighheels高跟鞋―awoman’sworstenemywhethersheknowsitornot.Highheelshoesarethedownfallofmodernsociety.Fashionmythshaveledwomentobelievethattheyaremorebeautifulorstylishforwearingheelsbutinrealityheelssucceedincreatingshortaswellaslongtermtroubles.Womenshouldfightthehighheelindustrybyrefusingtouseorpurchasetheminordertosavetheworldfromunnecessaryphysicalandpsychologicalsuffering.Forthesakeoffairnessitmustbenotedthatthereisapositivesidetohighheels.Firstheelsareexcellentforaeratinglawns草坪通气.AnyonewhohaseverwornheelsongrassknowswhatIamtalkingabout.A.simpletriparoundtheyardinapairofthosebabiesgetsridofalltheneedtocallforalawncarespecialistandprovidestheperfect-sizedholestogiveanylawnoxygenwithoutallthosemessyblocksofdirtlyingarounD.Secondheelsarequitefunctionalfordefendingagainstoncomingenemieswhocaneasilybescaredawaybythreateningthemwithapairofthesesharpdeadlyfashionitems.Regardlessofsuchpracticalusesforheelsthefactremainsthatwearinghighheelsisharmfultoone’sphysicalhealth.Talktoanypodiatrist足病医生andyouwillhearthatthemajorityoftheirbusinesscomesfromhigh-heel-wearingwomen.Highheelsareknowntocauseproblemssuchasmisshapenfeetandtorntoenails.Theriskofseverebackproblemsandtwistedorbrokenanklesisthreetimeshigherforahighheelwearerthanforaflatshoewearer.Wearingheelsalsocreatesthethreatofgettingaheelcaughtinanarrowsidewalkgapandbeingthrowntotheground―possiblybreakinganosebackorneck.Andofcourseafterwearingheelsforadayanywomanknowsshecanlookforwardtoanightofpainasshetriestocomfortherachingfeet.57.Womendon’ttakethedisadvantagesofhighheelstooseriouslybecauseof_____.A.themulti-functionaluseofhighheelsB.theirattempttoshowofftheirstatusC.therichvarietyofhighheelstylesD.theirwishtoimprovetheirappearance58.ThewriterusestheexpressionthosebabiesParagraph2torefertohighheels_____.A.toemphasizetheirsmallsizeB.toindicatetheirnewappearanceC.toshowwomen’sloveforthemD.toshowtheyareeasilybroken59.Thewriter’schiefargumentagainsthighheelsisthat______.A.theycreateathreattolawnsB.theyareharmfultowomen’shealthC.theydon’tnecessarilymakewomenbeautifulD.theyareineffectiveasaweaponofdefense60.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatwomenshould______.A.seethroughtheverynatureoffashionmythsB.refusetobuytheproductsofthefashionindustryC.gotoapodiatristregularlyforadviceD.avoidfollowingfashiontooclosely
Teethareimportant.Stronghealthyteethhelpyouchewfoodsthathelpyougrow.Theyhelpyouspeakclearly.Andtheyhelpyoulookyourbest.Herearesometipsforyoutotakecareofyourteeth.1.Brushyourteethontherightway.Brushyourteethat1easttwiceaday―afterbreakfastandlunchoraftersweetsnackstoo.BrushallofyourteethnotjustthefrontonesSpendtimebrushingteethalongthesidesandbackofyourmouth.Brushawayfromyourgumstoo.Spendatleastthreeminuteseachtimeyoubrush.Playasongyouliketohelppassthetime.Getanewtoothbrusheverythreemonths.Whenyoubuyyourtoothbrushbesureithassoftbristles毛.2.Learnhowtoflossyourteeth.Flossingisaveryimportantwaytokeepyourteethhealthy.Foodmayhideinplaceswhereatoothbrushcannotgettolikethespacebetweentwoteeth.Flossingcanhelpgetridofit.Carefullymoveflossbetweentwoteeth.Upanddown.You’11needtoflossyourteethatleastonceaday.3.Havegoodeatinghabits.Youneedtobecarefulaboutwhatyoueatanddrink.Eatingsugarisamajoroftoothdecay腐败.Eatingsugarbeforeyougotobedcanmakethingsevenworseeatlotsoffruitandvegetablesanddrinkwaterinsteadofsoda.60.Thepassageismainlyabout.A.howtotakecareofyourteethB.howtobrushyourteethC.howtoformgoodeatinghabitsD.howtoflossyourteeth61.Theunderlinedwordtipsinthispassagemeans.A.moneygiventothewaiterforpersonalservicesB.pieceofadviceonhowtodosomethingC.lightblowtapeD.thinendofsomething62.Whenyoubrushyourteeth.atleastminutesisnecessary.A.1B.2C.3D.463.WhichisNOTmentionedinthispassageA.Flossingyourteeth.B.Havinggoodeatinghabits.C.Brushingyourteeth.D.Goingtoseethedentist.64.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrueaccordingtothisarticleA.Weshouldbrushourteethatleasttwiceaday.B.Flossingcanhelptogetridofthefoodhiddenbetweentwoteeth.C.Oneofthemajorcausesoftoothdecayiseatingsugar.D.Wedon’thavetobrushourteethifweeatalotoffruitandvegetables.
TwoAmericanscientiststoldthepeopleinindustrialnationsthattheywouldbemuchhealthieriftheyatemoreofthesamekindoffoodseatenbyhumanslivingmorethan10000yearsago.Thescientistssaythatthehumanbodyhaschangedverylittlesincehumanfirstappearedonearthbutthewaywelivehaschangedgreatly.Ourbodyhasnotbeenabletodealwiththesechangesinlifestyleandthishasledtonewkindsofsicknesses.Thesenewsicknesseswerenotknowninancienttimes.Sotheyarecalleddiseasesofcivilization文明.Manycancersanddiseasesofthebloodsystemincludingheartattacksandstrokes中风areexamplesofsuchdiseases.Scientistsnotedthatearlystone-agepeopleusedverylittlealcohol酒精ortobaccoprobablynone.Ancientpeoplealsogotagreatdealofphysicalexercisebutachangeinfoodisoneofthemaindifferencesbetweenlifeinancienttimesandlifetoday.Stone-agepeoplehuntedwildanimalsfortheirmeatwhichhadmuchlessfatthanfarmanimals.Theyalsoatealotoffreshwildvegetablesandfruits.Theydidnotusemilkandotherdairyproductsandtheymadeverylittleuseofgrains.Buttodayweeatalargeamountofdairyproductsandgrainfoods.Weeatsixtimesmoresaltthanstone-agepeople.Weeatmoresugar.Weeattwiceasmuchfatbutonlyonethirdasmuchprotein蛋白质andmuchlessvitaminC.Peopletodayprobablydonotwanttoliveaspeoplethousandsofyearsagodidbutscientistssaythatwewouldbemuchhealthierifweateasthoseancientpeopledidcuttingtheamountoffattysaltyandsweetfoods.51.Thepeopleinindustrialnationswouldbemuchhealthieriftheyate.A.morefoodsashumansliving10000yearsagodidB.ashumansliving10000yearsagoC.morekindsoffoodeatenbypeoplelivingover10000yearsagoD.moreofthesamekindsoffoodseatenbypeopleover10000yearsago.52.Newkindsofsicknesseshavebeenfoundbecause.A.thehumanbodyhaschangedcomparedwithhumanfirstappearedonearthB.thewaywelivehaschangedalittleC.ourbodycan’tdealwiththechangesinlifestyleD.thewaywelivetodayisproperforthehumanbody53.Whatisthemaincausementionedinthearticlewhypeoplesufferfromalotofnewsicknesses?A.AncientpeopledidagreatdealofphysicalexerciseB.PeopletodayhavealotofalcoholC.PeopletodayhavemoretobaccoD.Foodisquitedifferentbetweenlifetodayandlifeinancienttimes54.Stone-agepeopleweremuchhealthierthanpeopletodaybecausetheyatealotof.A.milkandotherdairyproductsB.grainfoodsandfarmanimalsC.saltandsugarD.wildanimalsfreshwildvegetablesandfruits55.Fromthisarticleweknowthatarenotgoodtoourhealth.A.proteinandvitaminCB.milkandgrainfoodsC.wildanimalsvegetablesandfruitsD.ahugeamountoffattysaltyandsweetfoods
TheconceptofpersonalchoiceinrelationtohealthbehaviorsisanimportantonE.Anestimated90percentofallillnessesmaybepreventableifindividualswouldmakesoundpersonalhealthchoiceanddonotliketoseeitrestrictedwhenitiswithinthelegalandmoralboundariesofsociety.ThestructureofAmericansocietyallowsustomakealmostallourownpersonaldecisionsthatmayconcernourhealth.IfwesodesirewecansmokedrinkexcessivelyrefusetowearseatbeltseatwhateverfoodswewantandliveacompletelysedentarylifestylewithoutanyexercisE.ThefreedomtomakesuchpersonaldecisionsisafundamentalaspectofoursocietyalthoughthewisdomofthesedecisionscanbequestioneD.Personalchoicesrelativetohealthoftencauseadifficulty.Asoneexampleateenagermayknowthefactsrelativetosmokingcigarettesandhealthbutmaybepressuredbyfriendsintobelievingitisthesociallyacceptedthingtodo.Amultitude多数大批offactorsbothinheritedandenvironmentalinfluencethedevelopmentofhealthrelatedbehaviorsanditisbeyondthescopeofthistexttodiscussallthesefactorsastheymayaffectanygivenindividual.Howeverthedecisiontoadoptaparticularhealthrelatedbehaviorisusuallyoneofpersonalchoices.Therearehealthychoicesandthereareunhealthychoices.IndiscussingthemoralsofpersonalchoiceFriesandGrapodrewacomparison.Theysuggestthattoknowinglygiveoneselfovertoabehaviorthathasastatistical统计数字的probabilityofshorteninglifeissimilartoattemptingsuicide自杀.Thusforthoseindividualswhoareinterestedinpreservingboththequalityandquantityoflifepersonalhealthchoicesshouldreflectthosebehaviorsthatareassociatedwithastatisticalprobabilityofincreasedvitality活力生命力andlongevity长寿.51.Theconceptofpersonalchoiceconcerninghealthisimportantbecause____.A.personalhealthchoicehelpcuremostillnessB.ithelpsraisethelevelofourmedicalknowledgeC.itisessentialtopersonalfreedominAmericansocietyD.wrongdecisionscouldleadtopoorhealth52.ToliveacompletelysedentarylifestyleL7ParA.1inthepassagemeans____.A.toliveaninactivelifeB.toliveaproperlifeC.tolivealifewithcompletefreedomD.tolivealifeofevil53.Soundpersonalhealthchoiceisoftendifficulttomakebecause____.A.currentmedicalknowledgeisstillinsufficientB.therearemanyfactorsinfluencingourdecisionsC.fewpeoplearewillingtotradethequalityoflifeforthequantityoflifeD.peopleareusuallyinfluencedbythebehavioroftheirfriends54.ToknowinglyallowoneselftopursueunhealthyhabitsiscomparedbyFriesandCrapoto____.A.improvingthequalityofone’slifeB.limitingone’spersonalhealthchoiceC.deliberatelyendingone’slifeD.breakingtherulesofsocialbehavior55.AccordingtoFriesandCraposoundhealthchoicesshouldbebasedon____.A.personaldecisionsB.society’slawsC.statisticalevidenceD.friend’sopinions
Ifyoupreferdoughnuts炸面饼todumbbells哑铃youhaveahighchanceofdevelopingdiabetes糖尿病laterinlifE.Butifyouwashdownthosedoughnutswithatleastsevencupsofcoffeeadayyouareonlyhalfaslikelyasthat.ThefindingisquitesurprisingandfairlydramaticsaysBillHartnettofUKDiabetesalthoughthepatients’groupwon’tbeadvisingpeopletodrinklotsofcoffeejustyet.Whilethere’slittleevidencethatoneortwocupsadayisharmfulsomestudiessuggestthatheavycoffeedrinkersareunusuallysensitivetopaineasiertofearfuldisordersandcanalsohavehigherbloodpressurewhichincreasetheriskofheartdiseasE.ThestudywasdonebyRobvanDam’steamattheNationalInstituteforPublicHealthandEnvironmentintheNetherlandswhichanalysedthedataon171111menandwomen.Theteamfoundthatthosewhodranksevenormorecupsofcoffeeadaywere50percentlesslikelytodeveloptype2diabetesthanthosewhodranktwocupsofcoffeeorfeweraday.Thiswasdespitethefactthattheheavycoffeedrinkerstendedtohavesedentary惯于久坐的lifestyleswhichincreasestheriskofdevelopingdiabetes.It’stooearlytogetexcitedwarnsEdwinGaleadiabetesspecialistinBritainattheUniversityofBristol.Itmayjustbethatcoffeedrinkersbehavedifferentlyhesays.Type2diabetesusedtoappearmainlyinolderpeoplebutaslevelsofobesitybeingfathaveincreasedinchildrensohasthediseaseincommon.It’saseriousdisorder―highbloodsugarlevelsdamagemanyorgansandcanleadtoanythingfromblindnesstokidney肾failurE.Itusuallyoccurswhenthebodybecomeslesssensitivetoinsulin胰岛素thehormonethattellscellstotakeintoomuchbloodglucosE.Caffeineisn’tanobviousremedy补救法fortype2diabetesbecauseitsimmediateeffectistolowersensitivitytoinsulin.71.Themainideaofthepassageisthat______.A.coffeeislikelytopreventdiabetesB.thewaywepreventdiabetesC.oldpeoplemaydevelopdiabetesD.dumbbellscankeepoutofdiabetes72.Fromthesecondparagraphwecanprobablygettheideathat______.A.BillHartnettcanexplainthefindingB.oneortwocoffeesadayisharmfulC.heavycoffeedrinkersarenotsensitivetopainD.heavycoffeedrinkersmayhavehigherbloodpressure73.EdwinGale’sopinion______.A.agreeswiththatofRobvanDamB.suggestscoffeedrinkersobeysomeregulationsC.showsthestudymaybebeyondthefactD.tellscoffeedrinkerstovisitdoctors74.______istherootofdiabetesaccordingtothepassagE.A.ThehormoneinsulinB.DoughnutsC.HighbloodsugarD.Thelevelofobesity75.AccordingtothepassagewhichstatementbelowisTRUE?A.Caffeineisadrugtocurediabetes.B.Peoplewhoarealwayssittinghavehigherriskofdevelopingdiabetes.C.Insulinisanelementtocurediabetes.D.Heavycoffeedrinkershavetheriskofdevelopingdiabetes.
Britishpotatofarmerswereangryandwantedtheexpressioncouchpotatotobetakenoutofthedictionarybecauseitharmedthevegetable’simagE.TheBritishPotatoCouncilwantstheOxfordEnglishDictionarytoreplacetheexpressionwiththetermcouchslouchwithprotestsbeingoutsideParliamentinLondonandtheofficesofOxfordUniversityPress.KathrynRaceheadofmarketingattheCouncilwhichrepresentssome4000plantersandprocessorssaidthegrouphadcomplainedinwritingtotheOEDbuthadhettoreceivearesponsE.WearetryingtogetridoftheimagethatpotatoesarebadfroyoushesaidonMonday.Thepotatohashaditsknocksinthepast.OfcourseitisnottheOxfordEnglishDictionary’sfaultbutwewanttouseanotherterminsteadofcouchpotatobecausepotatoesarenaturallyhealthy.TheOEDsaysthecouchpotatobeganasanAmericanslangmeaningapersonwhospendshisorherleisuretimesittingaroundespeciallywatchingtelevisionorvideotapes.ThePotatoCouncilsaysitscampaignisbackedbydieticians饮食学家whosaythevegetableislowinfatandhighinvitaminC.SupportingthecampaignfamouscookAntonyWorrallThompsonsaidthevegetablewasoneofBritish’sfavoritefoods.Notonlyaretheyhealthytheyarealsoconvenientandyummy美味.LifewithoutpotatoislikeasandwichwithoutafillinghesaiD.JohnSimpsonchiefeditoroftheOxfordEnglishDictionarysaidthedictionaryfirstincludedthetermcouchpotatoin1993andsaiddictionariesjustreflectthewordsthatsocietyuses.Simpsonsaidwordswerenevertakenoutofthefull-lengthdictionarywhichincludessome650000wordsin20volumes.Butlittle-usedwordscanremovedfromthesmallerdictionariestomakewayfornewerones.IfsocietystopsusingwordsthentheygettakenoutofthesmallerdictionariesheaddeD.ThefirstknownrecordeduseoftheexpressioncouchpotatowasinanarticleinLosAngelesTimesin1979SimpsonsaiD.NigelEvansamemberofParliamentfortheRibbleValleyinLancashirehadmadeamotioninsupportofthecampaignhighlightingthenutritionalvalueoftheBritishpotato.77.Britishpotatofarmerswantedto.A.advertisetheirproduceinaspecialmannerB.callforahigherpricefortheirpotatoesC.removecouchpotatofromthedictionaryD.letpeopleknowtheimportanceofpotatoesinlife78.Thefarmersthinkthat.A.potatoeshavehadabadimageB.potatoesaregoodforpeoplebynatureC.potatoessometimesdoharmtopeopleD.it’sthedictionary’sfaulttousetheexpression79.JohnSimpsonthinksthat.A.theexpressioncanbetakenoutofeverykindofdictionaryB.dictionariesdonotnecessarilyreflectthewordssocietyusesC.little-usedwordscanremaininthesmallerdictionariesD.it’simpossibleforthemtotaketheexpressionoutofthedictionary80.Accordingtothefarmerscouchpotatois.A.connectedwithunfavorablemeaningB.akindofpotatowithlowproductionC.borrowedfromAmericanEnglishD.connectedwithapersonofbadquality
WeightlossisahardtopiC.Lotsofpeoplearen’tsatisfiedwiththeirpresentweightbutmostpeoplearen’tsurehowtochangeit.YoumaywanttolooklikethemodelsoractorsinmagazinesoronTVbutthosegoalsmightnotbehealthyorrealistic现实的foryou.___71__Sowhatshouldyoudoaboutyourweightcontrol?72Thebestwaytofindoutifyouareatahealthyweightorifyouneedtoloseorgainweightistotalktoadoctorordietitian营养学家.___73____IfitturnsoutthatyoucanbenefitfromweightlossthenyoucanfollowafewofthesimplesuggestionslistedbelowtogetstarteD.__74___Peoplewholoseweightquicklybycrashdietingorotherextrememeasuresusuallygainbackallofthepoundstheylostbecausetheyhaven’tpermanently永久地changedtheirhabits.ThereforethebestweightmanagementwaysarethosethatyoucanmaintainforalifetimE.Smallchangesarealoteasiertostickwith坚持做thanlargeones.Tryreducingthesizeofwhatyoueat.__75___OnceyouhavethatdownstartgraduallyintroducinghealthierfoodsandexerciseintoyourlifeIt’sagoodideatomaintainahealthyweightbecauseit’sjustthat:healthy.A.TrygivingupregularsodaforaweekB.Trytopayattentionasyoueatandstopwhenyou’refull.C.Weightmanagementisaboutlong-termsuccess.D.BesidesnomagicaldietwillmakeyoulooklikesomeoneelsE.E.Beinghealthyisreallyaboutbeingataweightthatisrightforyou.F.Changingfromwholetononfatorlow-fatmilkisalsoagoodideA.G.Theywillcompareyourweightwithhealthystandardsandhelpyousetgoals.
TheaverageBritishwomen’swaistline腰围hasgrownby2inchesin10yearsallthankstothesedentary久坐的lifestylE.AstudyconductedbyCancerResearchUKscientistsfoundthattheaveragewaistlineofBritishwomenhasincreasedfrom31.8inchesto33.5inches.Menarealsonowherebehindthefairersexfortheresearchfoundthattheaverageman’swaistlinehasgrownby1.4inchesto38inches.WeknowhighbodyweightincreasestheriskofanumberofcancersanditisimportantwegetthismessageouttoasmanypeopleaspossibletheDailyMailquotedDrLesleyWalkerofCancerResearchUKassaying.AhealthydietwithplentyoffiberfruitandvegetablesaswellasregularexercisecanhelppeopleloseweightandreducetheirriskofcancerheaddeD.Thetrendwasfoundtobeobviousintheunder45swheretheproportionofmenwithabodymassindex指数over35andofwomenwithaBMIofover40hasgrowntwiceduringthedecadE.LeadresearcherProfessorJaneWardlesaiditispossiblethatyoungpeoplefollowalesshealthylifestylethantheirelders.Snackinghabitstakeawaymealshighinfatandsedentarylifestyleswheremanypeoplespendbothworkandleisuretimesittinginfrontofacomputerarealllikelytocontributetotheresults.Sheaddedthatgenetics遗传alsoplayanimportantroleinthegrowingrateofgettingfat.45.HowmanyreasonsdidthewritermentionforBritishwomen’sincreasedwaistlines?A.1B.2C.3D.446.Man’saveragewaistlineusedtobe______.A.31.8inchesB.33.5inchesC.36.6inchesD.38inches47.Whichisthebesttitleofthepassage?A.Britishwomen’swaistlineshavegrownB.ItiseasyfortheEnglishtogetfatC.ItiseasyfortheEnglishtosufferfromcancerD.TheEnglishhavealesshealthylifestyle
TheWorldHealthOrganizationWHOplannedtostudytherelationshipbetweentheeatinghabitsofthepeopleandthedisease.Twodoctorswerechosentomakethestudy.TheyflewtoAfricasouthoftheSaharaandduringthenexttwomonthsvisitedtencountries.TheyfoundthatseriousdiseasesofpooreatingoftenmistakenforotherdiseasesexistedinallpartsofAfrica.Thediseasesweresimilarandcouldthereforeallbenamedkwashiorkor恶性营养不良.Thediseasedchildrenareusuallyfromonetofouryearsold.Astheillnessprogressesthechild’sstomachbecomesswollenbyliquidcollectinginthebody.Theskinchangescolourandmaybreakoutinopensores.Thehairchangescolourandstartstofallout.Thepatientlosesallinterestinhissurroundingsandeveninfoodandbecomessoweakthathewantstoliedownallthetime.Stomachliquidsarenolongerproduced.ThedoctorsreasonedthatkwashiorkorwasfoundintheyoungchildrenofthisageinmanypartsofAfricabecauseoflackofmilkormeat.Theirmothersgavethemfoodsfullofstarches淀粉insteadofgreatlyneededproteins.Theyfoundthattheadditionofmilktothefoodofchildrensufferingfromkwashiorkorsavedmanylives.67.Fromthepassagewelearnthatkwashiorkorisadiseasecausedby_______.A.poorlivingconditionsB.lackofproteinsinfoodC.muchstomachliquidsD.lackoffood68.Itisdifficulttodiscoverkwashiorkorbecause_______.A.ithasnovirusesB.itdoesnotlastlongC.itishardtoseesignsofitD.itislikeotherdiseases69.Whatismentionedasasimplebutreasonablewayofcuringthisdisease?A.Takingaspecialmedicine.B.Avoidinganyfoodcontainingstarch.C.Havingmoremeatormilk.D.Takingmedicinesfullofproteins.70.What’sthebesttitleforthearticle?A.MilkandMeatAreDailyNecessitiesB.KwashiorkorandBadEatingHabitsC.A.NewFormofIllnessinAfricaD.ACaseofEatingHabits
Watchingachildstruggletobreatheduringasasthma哮喘attackisfrighteningforanyparent.Soitisonlynaturalthatmostmomsanddadswilltryjustaboutanythingincludingspendingalotofmoneytokeepanattackatbay.Troubleismorethanhalfofparentsaretryingstrategiesthatsimplydonotworkandwastinghundredsofdollarsintheprocess.AccordingtoDr.MachaelCabanaapediatricianattheUniversityofMichigan’sC.S.MottChildren’sHospitalwholedthestudyoneofthemostcommonmistakeswastobuymattresscovertoprotectagainstdustmitesforachildwhoseasthmainsteadwasmadebyplantpollen花粉.Manyofthoseparentsthenneglectedtodowhatwouldhavehelpedalotmore;shutthewindowstokeeppollenout.Anotherwasusingahumidifierforachildwhowasallergictodustmites;ahumidifiertendstobeaplacewheredustmitesliketobreeD.Withthoseallergiesadehumidifierworksbetter.Worstofallwasthenumberofsmokerswithasthmaticchildrenwhodidn’teventrytoquitoratleastlimitthemselvestosmokingoutdoorsratherthanjustmovingtoanotherroomorthegaragE.ManysmokingparentspurchasedexpensiveairfiltersthathavewhatCabanacalledquestionableutility.PartoftheproblemDr.Cabanandhiscolleaguesbelieveisthatparentsarebombardedbytelevisionadsthatencouragethemtobuyproductssuchasairandcarpetfreshenersionizersandotherremediesthatareoftenexpensivebutmedicallyunnecessary.Anddoctorsmaynotalwaystakethetimeorhavethetimetoexplaintoparentswhatwillandwon’tworkintheirchild’sparticularcasE.Forexampleallergiesareusuallyaproblemforolderchildrenwithasthmawhilekids5andyoungermorefrequentlyhavetroublewithviralrepiratoryinfections.Somakesureyouunderstandwhatthecauseofyourchild’sasthmareallyis.68.Whatcanhelpthechildrenwhoareasthmaticaccordingtothepassage?A.Usingahumildifierintheroominsteadofadehumidfier.B.Usingairandcarpetfresheners.C.Buyingamattresscovertoprotectagainstdustmites.D.ClosingthewindowstokeeppollenoutofthehousE.69.WhichsentencebestexplainswhyTVadsproductsbombardparents?A.TVadsareobligedtomakesureparentsunderstandalltermsoftheirintroductoryoffers.B.TVadswanttobesurethatparentsunderstandthebenefitsofveryeffectivemedicalaids.C.TVadswantparentstounderstandclearlythetermsoftheirintroductoryoffers.D.TVadswantparentstobeattractedtothebenefitsofintroductoryoffersfortheirkid’sasthmA.70.Theintendedreadersofthepassageare________.A.teenagersB.businessmenC.parentsD.pediatricians71.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?A.ThereforepleaseconsultthedoctorsassoonaspossiblE.B.Thebestsolutionsarenotalwaysthemostexpensiveones.C.Itisnevertoolatetocurethechildren’sasthmA.D.Itisnotnecessayforparentstobenervousaboutchildren’sasthmA.
57.Whatworriesyoumost?Badteeth?Gettingfat?Weakbones?Whatevertopsyourlistyoumaybesurprisedtoknowthatallofthesehealthproblemsarelinkedtowhatyoudrink――ordon’tdrink.58.RecentlyagroupofexpelsonhealthpublishedaDrinkGuidanceSystem.WhatfollowsisasummaryofwhattheyfounD.Atthetopofthelistofpreferreddrinksiswater.Nocalories热量nodangeronlybenefits.59.About21percentofcaloriesconsumed消耗byAmericansovertheageof2comefromsoftdrinksandfruitdrinkswithaddedsugarstheexpelssaidintheirreport.Thatiswhypeopleareoverweight.Butcaloriesfromsweetdrinksarenottheonlyproblem.Somesoftdrinkscontributetootherhealthproblems.60.Herethenewsisbetter.Severalstudieshavelinkeddrinkingcoffeeregularlytoareducedriskofcancer.Tealowerscancerriskinexperimentsonanimalsbuttheeffectsinpeopleareunknown.Itmayimprovebonedensity密度andhelppreventtoothproblemsTheexpertsratedmilkthirdbelowwaterandcoffeeandteaasapreferreddrink.Buttheexpertssaidthatunlesspeoplecontinuetodrinkitthebenefittobonesisnotclear.Howevertheexpertsemphasized强调theneedforchildrenandteenagerstodrinkmoremilk.A.HealthyeatingB.UnhealthydrinksC.DrinksaffecthealthD.HealthydrinksE.Thebestdrink
Havingalargewaistlinecanalmostdoubleyourriskofdyingprematurely过早地evenifyourbodymassindexiswithinthenormalrangeaccordingtoanewstudyover350000peopleacrossEuropepublishedWednesdayintheUS.magazineNewEnglandJournalofMedicinE.Thestudyprovidesstrongevidencethatstoringexcess过量的fataroundthewaistposesasignificanthealthriskeveninpeoplenotconsideredtobeoverweightobese极肥胖的.Itsuggeststhatdoctorsshouldmeasureapatient’swaistlineandtheirhipsaswellastheirbodymassindexaspartofstandardhealthcheeksaccordingtotheresearchersfromImperialCollegeLondontheGermanInstituteofHumanNutritionandotherresearchinstitutionsacrossEuropeComparingsubjectswiththesamebodymassindextheriskofprematuredeathincreasedinalinearfashionasthewaistcircumferenceincreaseD.Theriskofprematuredeathwasarounddoubleforsubjectswithalargerwaistmorethan120cmformenandmorethen100cmforwomencomparedtosubjectswithasmallerwaistlessthan80cmformenandlessthan65cmforwomen.Bodymassindexiscommonlyusedtoassess评估ifapersonisofnormalweight.Each5cmincreaseinwaistcircumferenceincreasedthemortalityriskby17percentinmenand13percentinwomenaccordingtothestudy.Anincreasedriskofmortality死亡率maybeparticularlyrelatedtostoringfataroundthewaistlinebecausefattytissueinthisareassecrete分泌cytokines细胞因子hormones荷尔蒙andmetabolically新陈代谢activecompounds混合物thatcancontributetothedevelopmentofchronic长期的diseasesparticularlycardiovascular心脏血管的diseasesandcancerssuggesttheauthors.TobiasPischontheleadauthorofthepapersaidThemostimportantresultofourstudyisthefindingthatnotjustbeingoverweightbutalsothedistributionofbodyfataffectstheriskofprematuredeathofeachindividual328words61.Accordingtoanewstudyofover350000peopleacrossEuropeapersonhasmoreriskofdyingprematurelyAifhisbodymassindexisn’twithinnormalrangeBifhehasalargewaistlineCifhisbodymassindexiswithinnormalrangeDifheoverweight62.Whichofthefollowingisn’tmentionedaspartofstandardhealthchecks?A.weightB.hipC.bodymassindexD.waistline63.WhichofthefollowingisNOTwrong?A.Each5cmincreaseinwaistcircumferenceincreasesthesamemortalityriskinmenandwomenB.Bodymassindexiscommonlyusedtoassess评估ifapersonislargewaistlineC.Thesmallerwaistlinethemoremortalityrisk.D.Largewaistlinealmostdoublesriskofdyingprematurely
Sorrytosayourbrainsnaturallystartslowingdownatthecruellyyoungageof30.itusedtobethoughtthatthiscouldn’tbehelpedbutnewstudiesshowthatpeopleofanyagecantraintheirbrainstoworkfaster.YourbrainisalearningmachinesaysUniversityofCaliforniascientistDr.Micha3elMerzenich.Giventherighttoolswecantrainourbrainstoactliketheydidwhenwewereyounger.Allthat’srequiredisthepracticedesignedjustforthepurpose:afewexercisesfortheminD.Merzenichhasdevelopedacomputer-basedtrainingmethodtospeeduptheprocess过程inwhichthebraindealswithinformationpositencE.com.SincemuchofthedatawereceivecomesthroughspeechtheBrainFitnessProgramworkswithlanguageandhearingtobetterspeedandaccuracy准确性.Overthecourseoftrainingtheprogramstartsaskingyoutodistinguish辨别soundsbetweendoganddogforexampleatanincreasinglyfasterspeeD.It’sabitliketennisinstructorsaysMerzenichhittingballsatyoufasterandfastertokeepyouchallenged受到挑战.Youmaystartoutslowbutbeforelongyou’reprettyquick.ThebiggestfindinginbrainresearchinthelasttenyearsisthatthebrainatanyageishighlyplastiC.Ifyouaskyourbraintolearnitwilllearn.Anditmayevenspeedupwhileintheprocess.Tokeepyourbrainyoungandplasticyoucandooneofamillionnewactivitiesthatchallengeandexciteyou:playingtabletennisorbridgedoingcrosswordpuzzleslearningalanguage....Whenitcomestopreventingageingyoureallydo‘useitorloseitsaysBarbaraSahakianprofessoratCambridgeUniversity.57.Dr.Merzenich’strainingmethodmainlydependson________.A.speechtrainingB.computerlanguagesC.theactivitiesonejoinsinD.theinformationbeingdealtwith58.Bysayingthebrainatanyageishighlyplasticthewrterprobablymeansthebraincanbe________.A.usedB.masteredC.developedD.researched59.Whatcanwelearnfromthetext?A.PracticemakesaquickminD.B.BrainresearchstartedtenyeasagE.C.Dr.Merzenichisascientistincomputer.D.Peoplebelievednothingcouldstopthebrainslowingdown.60.Whichofthefollowingagreeswiththewriter’sidea?A.ThetrainingmethodsworkbetterfortheolD.B.PeopleshouldusethebraintostopitfromageingC.ThetrainingofthebrainshouldstartatanearlyagE.D.It’snecessarytotakepartinasmanyactivitiesaspossiblE.
Foodsquicklyspoilandbreakdowniftheyarenotstoredcorrectly.Heatanddampencourageanincreaseofmicro-organisms微生物andsunlightcandestroythevitaminsinsuchfoodsasmilk.ThereforemostfoodsshouldbestoredinacooldarkdryplacE.Somefoodsgohadquicklysuchasmeateggsandmilk.TheyshouldbestoredinarefrigeratororintheundergroundbasementofahousE.Drygoodssuchasflourandriceshouldbekeptaslightlyhighertemperathurethanfoodsthatgobadquickly.A.temperatureof15℃isideal理想的.InBritainandnorthemEuropeancountriesthismeansthattheroominwhichdrygoodsarestoredshouldsharethegeneralheatingofthehousE.Theroomshouldalsobewellairedandabovealldry.Dampveryquicklycausesthegrowthofthegreenmolds霉.Thesemoldsoftengrowoncheeseifitisnotstoredproperly.Fruitsandvegetablesneedcooldampbutfrost-proof防霜冻的conditions.ThereforeanundergroundbasementusuallymakesanexcellentstorageplacE.Ifthecentralheatinguntilislocatedinthebasementhoweveritwillnotbeidealunlesstheunitandthepipesdonotgiveoutanyheat.Foodstuffs食料.粮食donotbreakdownquickly.IfcorrectlystoredtheyshouldkeepforquitelongperiodsoftimE.Thussaltandsugarwillkeepforabouttwoyears;tinnedmeatgoodssuchasbeefandchickenforabouteighteenmonths;flourandotherdrygoodsforaboutayear.FreezingthefoodstuffsthatspoileasilypreservesthemformuchlongerthanisotherwisepossiblE.Butevenfrozenfoodsdonotkeeptheirfoodvalueoftheirtasteforever.Asageneralrulemeatshouldbecookedandeatenwithinayearafreritisfrozen;fishwithinsixtotenmonths;fruitsandvegetableswithinthreetosixmonths.
ToliveforeverwasthedreamofmanyemperorsinancientChina.PeoplewereorderedtocallthemWansuiwhichmeans10000yearsbutnohumancouldlivethatlong.Howlongcanhumansreallylive?Accordingtothelatestscientificdiscoveryhumansareabletoliveuptotheageof120orperhapsevenlonger.Severalrecentstudiesshowedthatourlifespan寿命canbeextended延长farbeyondnormallimits.CynthiaKenyonaprofessorattheUniversityofCaliforniainSanFranciscodoubledthelifeofawormfromtwoweekstoamonth.Bychangingthefunctionofasinglegeneknownasdaf-2thescientistnotonlyaddedextradaystotheworm’slifebutalsokeptitahealthyaswormswhichwerehalfitsage.Therearetwosimilargenesinthebodiesofmammals.Bychangingthefunctionofongenescientistsextendedthelifeofamouseby18percentor4.5months.AnothergeneiscalledIGF-1.Researchersstilldon’tknowhowitaffectsourbody.Butbyreducingitsfunctionsthelifeofamouseincreasesby33percentfor8.6months.Theaveragelifespanofamouseis26months.Intheexperimentofextendinglifeanancientsayingyouarewhatyoueat.alsoseemstobetrue.Vegetablescontainfewercaloriesthanmeatandhelptoprolonglifescientistssay.ResearchhasfoundthattakinginfewercaloriesaffectsourlivesinasimilarwaytoreducingIGF-1.USbiologistJohnPhelansuggestslowcaloriedietscouldincreasehumanlifespanbutthereisnoproofyet.Researchersarestillwaitingfortheresultsofastudystartedin1987.Monkeysarefedwithlowcaloriefoodtoseewhathappens.Amonkey’stypicallifespanis40yearssothereisalittlewhiletowait.InChinaaveragelifeexpectancy预期寿命hasnowreached70doublethatof1949.Increasingthelengthofourlivesmaybringusclosertothedreamsofourancientemperors.Butitmayalsocausesocialproblemssuchashousingandemploymentsocialscientistshavewarned.57.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaboutstatementoflifespan?A.AfewemperorsinancientChinacouldliveupto10000years.B.Creaturesaren’tabletolivesupto120years.C.Thedreamoflivingforeveriscomingtrue.D.InChinatheaveragelifespanistwiceaslongasitwashalfacenturyago.58.Whatcanwelearnfromparagraph37A.Amouseisabletoliveuptotwoyearsandahalf.B.Amousecanlivefor34.6monthsbyreducingitsgene.C.ScientistsaretryingtoworkouthowtheIGF-1geneaffectsourbody.D.Thetwosimilargeneshavethesamefunctionsinthebodiesofanimals.59.Inparagraph4youarewhatyoueatprobablymeansA.themoreyoueatthelongeryouwilllivesB.thebetteryoueatthegreaterIGF-l’sfunctionsareC.thehealthierfoodyoueatthehealthieryouareD.thefewercaloriesyoutakethehappierlifeyou’lllive60.Whatisthemainideaaboutthispassage?A.Weareabletolivelonger.B.Thegenesaffectlifespanofhumanbeings.C.Abalanceddietprolongsourlife.D.Extendinglifespanhascausedterriblesocialproblems.
Workingthenightshift夜班afewnightsamonthcandomorethanleaveyoureyesbleary-eyed视力模糊suggestsastudyonWednesday.Itjustmightincreaseyourriskofcolorectalcancer结肠直肠癌.Nurseswhoworkedthenightshiftatleastthreetimesamonthfort5yearsormorewere35％morelikelytodevelopthattypeofcancerthannurseswhoneverworkednightsHarvardUniversityresearchersreportintheJournaloftheNationalCancerInstitute.ThefindingfromtheongoingNursesHealthStudyisthefirsttolinknightshiftworkwithahigherriskofcolorectalcancerexpectedtokill57100AmericansthisaccordingtotheAmericanCancerSociety.AnotherresearchincludingareportoutoftheNursesHealthStudyhassuggestedthatworkingnightshiftsincreaseswomen'sbreastcancerrisk.Theresearchersasked78586nurseswhethertheyhadeverworkedthreeormorenightshiftsamonth.Thenursesindicatedwhethertheyhaddonesoforlessthan15yearsor15yearsormore.Thescientistsfollowedthewomentoseewhodevelopedcolorectalcancer.Researchersbelievethatloweredlevelsofmelatonin褪黑素mightincreasenight-shiftworkers'cancerrisk.Melatoninlevelsusuallyreachthehighestpointinthemiddleofthenight.Turnonthelightsthoughandtheydroppedmeasurablyinjust10minutessaysRichardStevensacancerepidemiologistattheUniversityofConnecticutwhodidnottakepartinthenewstudy.AftertwoweeksofcontinuousnightlyexposuretolighthumansexperienceasharpdropinmelatoninproductionNursesHealthStudyresearcherswrite.Inthelabmelatoninappearstostoptumor肿瘤growth.Otherstudiessuggestthatcolorectalcancerpatientshavelowerbloodlevelsofmelatoninthanhealthypeopletheauthorswrite.Howeverthatcouldbearesultofthediseasenotacauseofit.Stevenssays.72.WhichofthefollowingisNOTcausedbyworkingonthenightshift?A.Blearyeyes.B.ColorectalcancerC.Melatoninproduction.D.Breastcancer.73.Accordingtothepassagetheunderlinedwordtheyrefersto.A.thelightsB.melatoninlevelsC.theresearchersD.night-shiftworkers74.AccordingtoNursesHealthStudywhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?A.Workingonnightshiftswilldoharmtonurses'health.B.Nurseswhodon'tworkatnightdon'tsuffercolorectalcancer.C.NursesworkingonnightshiftswillhaveahigherriskofcolorectalcancerD.Workingonnightshiftswillincreasewomen'sbreastcancerrisk75.Whichofthefollowingplaysanimportantpartincausingcancersfornursesworkingnightshifts?A.BloodlevelsofmelatoninB.TumorgrowthC.TheexposuretolightD.Melatoninproduction.
About1in15householdsdrinkbottledwatertodayspendingabout$4billionayearonit.Althoughthereasonsforthetrendaremanybottledwater'shealthbenefitsfallnearthetopofthelist.Surveyshavefoundthatabout25percentofbottledwaterdrinkerschoosethebeverageforhealthandsafetyreasons;anotherquarterbelieveitispureandfreeofcontaminants杂质.Regardlessofitspristineimagebottledwaterisnotnecessarilyanypurerormorehealthfulthanwhatflowsrightoutofthetap.ConsiderthattheFoodandDrugAdministrationFDAthebottledwaterindustrywatchdogdoesnotrequirethatbottledwatermeethigherstandardsforqualitysuchasthemaximumlevelofcontaminantsthanpublicwatersuppliesregulatedbytheEPA.ForthemostparttheFDAsimplyfollowsEPA'sregulatoryleaD.Grantedbottledwaterisoftenfiltered过滤toremovechemicalssuchaschlorinethatmayimpartacertaintastE.Butthatdoesn'tmakeitanysafer.Infactabout25to40percentofbottledwatercomesfromthesamemunicipalwatersuppliesastapwater.Furthermoresomebottledwatersdonotcontainanyorenoughofthefluoride氟化物neededtofightcavities.Theonlywaytodeterminewhetheracertainwatercontainsthemineralistocheckwiththecompanythatbottlesit.Thisisnottosaythatbottledwaterisnecessarilyanybetterorworsefromahealthstandpointthantapwater.It'scertainlypreferabletotapwaterforthosewholikeitstastE.Theproblemisthatmanyconsumerspay300to1200timesmorepergallonforbottledwaterthanfortapwaterbecausetheythinkbottledwateristhemorehealthfulofthetwo.Bottlersaddtotheconfusionbysprinklingtermssuchaspurecrystalpureandpremiumonlabelsillustratedwithpicturesofglaciersmountainstreamsandwaterfallsevenwhenthewaterinsidecomesfromapublicreservoir.HowevertheFDAhassetforthregulationsrequiringclearlabelingofbottledwaters.Theminiglossary词汇ofbottledwatersexplainswhatsomeofthetermsusedonbottlesreallymean.53.Whatconclusioncanwedrawfromthepassage?A.MostbottledwaterdrinkersbuyitforthetastE.B.Labelsonbottledwaterareusedtomisleadconsumers.C.TheFDAsetshighstandardsforbottledwater.D.Onlywealthypeoplecanaffordbottledwater.54.Accordingtothepassageremovingchlorinefromwater______A.doesnotmakethewatersaferB.isrequiredbytheFDAC.makesthewaterlessexpensiveD.isnecessaryforgoodhealth55.What’sthemainideaofthispassage?A.BottledwatermaybepreferabletotapwaterintastE.B.Bottledwaterisalwayssafertodrinkthantapwater.C.Consumersshouldconsidercarefullythereasonforbuyingbottledwater.D.TheFoodandDrugAdministrationisresponsibleforthebottledwater.
FreeRicE.com―ForEachVocabularyWordYouGetRightWeDonateFreeRicethroughtheUnitedNationsWorldFoodProgramtoHelpEndWorldHunger1word=20grains;5words=100grainsPlayandfeedhungrypeople.HowtoplayClickontheanswerthatbestdefinestheworD.IfyougetitrightyougetaharderworD.IfwrongyougetaneasierworD.Foreachwordyougetrightwedonate20grainsofricetotheUnitedNationsWorldFoodProgram.WARNING:Thisgamemaymakeyousmarter.ItmayimproveyourspeakingwritingthinkinggradesjobperformancE.moreFrequentlyAskedQuestionsHowdoesplayingthevocabularygameatFreeRicehelpme?Learningnewvocabularyhastremendousbenefits.Itcanhelpyou:★Presentyourideasbetter★Writebetterpapersemailsandbusinessletters★Speakmoreaccuratelyandinfluentially★Readfasterbecauseyouunderstandbetter★Getbettergradesinhighschoolcollegeandgraduateschool★Performbetteratjobinterviewsandconferences★BemoreeffectiveandsuccessfulatyourjobAfteryouhavedoneFreeRiceforacoupleofdaysyoumaynoticeanoddphenomenon.Wordsthatyouhaveneverconsciouslyusedbeforewillbegintopopintoyourheadwhileyouarespeakingorwriting.Youwillfeelyourselfusingandknowingmorewords.HowdoestheFreeRicevocabularyprogramwork?FreeRicehasacustomdatabase数据库containingthousandsofwordsatvaryingdegreesofdifficulty.TherearewordsproperforpeoplejustlearningEnglishandwordsthatwillchallengethemostlearnedprofessors.Inbetweenarethousandsofwordsforstudentsbusinesspeopledoctorstruckdriverseveryone!FreeRiceadjuststoyourlevelofvocabulary.Itstartsbygivingyouwordsatdifferentlevelsofdifficultyandthenbasedonhowyoudodesignsaproperstartinglevelforyou.Whenyougetawordwrongyougotoaneasierlevel.Whenyougetthreewordsinarowrightyougotoaharderlevel.Thereare60levelsinallbutitisrareforpeopletogetabovelevel50.68.PlayingthevocabularygameatFreericeenablesyoutodothefollowingEXCEPT______.A.beadmittedtoatopuniversityB.performbetterinaspeechcontestC.helptheneedypeopleintheworldD.improveyourperformanceatwork69.PeopleofdifferentlevelsoflearningcansurfFreeRicebecause_______.A.itoffersalargevocabularyB.itadjuststotheplayer’slevelofvocabularyC.itisfreeofchargetoplaythegameD.itisdesignedtomeettheneedsofpeopleindifferentfields70.Wecaninferfromthepassagethatthepurposeofdesigningthegameisto______.A.supplymorericetofeedthehungrypeopleinpoorcountriesB.promoteEnglishlearninginnon-EnglishspeakingcountriesC.attractmorepeopletolearnEnglishtostophungerD.combineEnglishlearningwithhelpinghungrypeople71.Whereisthepassagelikelytoappear?A.Inapopularnewspaper.B.InafarmingmagazinE.C.OnthewebsitE.D.InadocumentoftheUN.
Amongallthefastgrowingscienceandtechnologytheresearchofhumangenesorbiologicalengineeringaspeoplecallitisdrawingmoreandmoreattentionnow.SometimesitisahottopicdiscussedbypeoplE.ThegreatestthingthatgenetechnologycandoistocureseriousdiseasesthatdoctorsatpresentcanalmostdonothingwithsuchascancerandheartdiseasE.Everyyearmillionsofpeoplearemurderedbythesetwokillers.Andtodatedoctorshavenotfoundaneffectivewaytocurethem.Butifthegenetechnologyisappliednotonlythesetwodiseasescanbecuredcompletelybringinghappinessandmorelivingdaystothepatientsbutalsothegreatamountofmoneypeoplespendoncuringtheirdiseasescanbesavedthereforeitbenefitstheeconomyaswell.Inadditionhumanlifespan寿命canbemadelonger..Genetechnologycanhelppeopletogivebirthtomorehealthyandcleverchildren.SomefamilieswiththeEnglishimperialfamilybeingagoodexamplehavehereditarydiseases.Thismeanstheirchildrenwillforsurehavethefamilydiseasewhichisagreattroubleforthesefamilies.Inthepastdoctorscoulddonothingabouthereditarydiseases.Butgenetechnologycansolvethisproblemperfectly.Thescientistjustneedtofindthewronggeneandcorrectitandahealthychildwillbeborn.Somepeopleareworryingthatthegeneresearchcanbeusedtoproducehumanbeingsinlargequantities.InthepastfewyearsscientistshavesucceededincloningasheepthereforethesepeoplepredictthathumanbabieswouldsoonbecloneD.ButIbelieveclonedbabieswillnotcomeoutinlargequantitiesformostcouplesintheworldcanhavebabiesinverynormalway.Ofcoursethegovernmentsmusttakecaretocontrolgenetechnology.73.Whatdoesthesetwokillersinthesecondparagraphreferto?回答词数不超过6个74.Whatisthegreatestadvantageofgenetechnology?回答词数不超过８个.75.Findsuitablewordsinthe3rdparagraphtoexplainhereditarydiseasE.回答词数不超过3个.
ForallthedinnertableaglassofmilkseemstobeaconstantatleastitwaswhenIwasgrowingup.Itwaswidelybelievedthatmilkwasintegralinbuildingstrongbonesandteeth.There’snodoubtthatdairyproducts乳制品andmilkinparticulararehighinproteinandcalciumandmostmilkproductsaresupplementedwithVitaminD.andA.Whileit’swellknownthatourbonesneedcalciumsomestudiessuggestthathighcalciumintakedoesn’tnecessarilyloweraperson’sriskforfractures骨折.AHarvardstudyfoundthatpeoplewhodranktwoormoreglassesofmilkhadnogreaterprotectionfrombreakingabonethanthosewhodrankaglassorlessaweek.There’snodoubtthatweneedcalcium.Someanti-dairysupportersclaimthatdairycanleadtoheartdisease.Muchofthisclaimisbasedonhighfatandhighdairyproductslikecheesesandcreamswhichmayindeedcontributetocardiovascularproblems.Somestudieshavelinkedhighmilkintakeswithariskofprostatecancer;thisseemstobecausedbyhigh-fatdairyproductsnotdairyingeneral.Althoughmilkwasalwaysregardedasoneofthemostimportantthingweneedforourbonesyetleastpromotedfactorsinvolvedinstrengtheningbones.PerhapsweshouldthinkofdairyaslesslikeanutrientandmorelikeafooD.Ifyoulikeiteatit.Ifnotfindsomeothers.BecausesomeclaimsmaynotbecompletelytruewhenIeatacreamI’mnotthinkingaboutcalciumproteinoranysuchthing.I’mthinkingdelicious.57.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEonthemilk?A.Themoremilkyoudrinkthemoreriskforfracturesyoumightbe.B.Themoremilkyoudrinkthelessriskforfracturesyoumightbe.C.Thelessmilkyoudrinkthelessriskforfracturesyoumightbe.D.Thereisnolinkbetweenthem.58.Someanti-dairysupportersclaimthatdairycanleadtoexcept______.A.cardiovascularproblemsB.heartdiseaseC.prostatecancerD.stomachcancer59.What’stheauthor’sattitudetowardsmilk?A.Hedoesn’tlikemilkanymoreB.Heusedtodrinkmilkasachild.C.Heregardsmilkasanutrient.D.Healwayscaresaboutcalciumproteinwhenheeatssomething.60.Wecanlearnfromthetextthat_____A.Alltheclaimsarenotcompletelytrue.B.Highmilkintakescanleadtocancer.C.It’snecessaryforyoutoreducemilkintakes.D.Giveupmilkforyourhealth.
ExercisE.Getfit.Watchyourweight.Weseethesemessagesallaroundusinmagazinesandnewspapersbuthowdoyouchoosetherightactivity?Therearethreemaingoalsforfitness.Firststrengtheningtheheartandlungs.Secondstrengtheningthemuscles.Thirdcontrollingbodyweight.Notallactivitieswillmeeteachgoal.YoumaycenterononegoalorfortotalfitnessallthreE.RunningNootherexercisewillhelpyouloseweightfasterthanrunning.Italsostrengthensyourheartlungsandlegmuscles.Butitcanhurtyourjoints.Ifyoufeelpaininyourkneesyouneedtostopandchooseadifferentactivity.WalkingThisactivityputslessstressonthebodythanrunning.Buttoseeresultsyouneedtogetyourheartbeatingfaster.Thismeansyou’llneedtowalkfast.SwimmingSwimmingisagreatwaytostrengthendifferentpastsofyourbody.Butifweightlossisyourgoalyoumaywanttopassonthepool.ThewaterinaswimmingpooliscoolerthanourbodytemperaturE.Thebodynaturallyprotectsitselffromthecoldbykeepingfat.CyclingRidingabicyclewillhelpyouloseweightandworkyourlegmuscles.Butbecareful!IfyouliveinthecitystayonbikepathawayfromtraffiC.OryoucanrideindoorsonastationarybikE.WeightliftingWeoftenhearofelderlypeoplefallingandhurtingthemselves.Theyjustdon’thavethestrengthtocatchthemselves.Liftingweightscanpreventthat.Italsohelpspreventinjuryformotheractivities.Thedrawbacktoweightliftingisthatyou’llneedtopayforamembershipatagym.68.Runningcanhelpyoualotbutitcan’t______.A.strengthenyourheartandlungsB.strengthenlegmusclesC.controlbodyweightD.preventpainsinyourjoints69.Youcanchooseanyactivitybelowtoloseyourweightexcept______.A.runningB.walkingC.swimmingD.cycling70.Whichofthefollowingstatementsisnotmentionedinthetext?A.Runningisthefastestwayofloosingweight.B.Youneedtowalkfastinordertobuildupyourstrength.C.Cyclingistheperfectwaytogettotalfitness.D.Youneedtopayforamembershipatagymifyouwanttoexerciseweightlifting.
Idon’tthinkthereisanythingwrongwithyourblooD.Thekeytoyourproblemisthatlongnap打盹小睡afterdinner.Ifyoudidn’tsleepforhoursduringtheearlypartoftheeveningyouwouldbemorereadytosleepatbedtimE.Ifyoudidn’tnapafterdinneryouwouldnotwanttostayupsolateandyouwouldnotfeeltheneedtotakeasleepingpill.Thepillisstillworkinginyoursystemwhenyougetupinthemorning.Thishelpsaccountforthefactthatyoufeeltiredallday.Youshouldgetoutofthehabitofsleepingduringtheevening.Rightafteryoureveningmealengageinsomesortofphysicalactivity―asportsuchasbowlingperhaps.Orgettogetherwithfriendsforaneveningofcardsandconversation.Thengotobedatyourusualtimeoralittleearlierandyoushouldbeabletogetagoodnight’srestwithouttakingapill.IfyoucangetintothehabitofspendingyoureveningsthiswayIamsureyouwillfeellesstiredduringtheday.Atfirstitmaybehardforyoutogotosleepwithouttakingapill.Ifsogetupandwatchtelevisionordosomejobsaroundyourhouseuntilyoufeelsleepy.Ifyoufallasleepandthenwakeupafewhourslatergetupbydonottakeasleepingpill.Readawhileorlistentotheradioandmakeyourselfafewhours’sleepthatnightyouwillfeelbetterinthemorningthanyouusuallyfeelaftertakingapill.Thenextnightyouwillbereadytosleepatanearlierhour.Themostimportantthingistoavoidtakingthatnaprightafterdinnerandavoidtakingpills.36.Thispassageiswrittentosomeonewho________.A.hasaterriblediseaseinhisbloodB.suffersfromsleeplessnightandtireddayC.cannotfallasleepintheeveningD.hasnointerestinplayingwithfriends37.Accordingtothewriteritisdifficultforthepersontogotosleepbecausehe________.A.gets.thehabitofstayinguplateB.hasn’ttakensleepingpillsC.sleepsforhoursafterdinnerD.failstodosomeexercises38.Theauthorthinksthelogicalorderofthefollowingeventsshouldbe________.A.feelingbadinthedayB.takingsleepingpillsC.unabletofallasleepatbedtimeD.nappingafterdinnerA.abcdB.cbdaC.dcbaD.dbac39.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothepassage?A.Sleepingpillscannothelpyougetagoodnight’ssleep.B.Youshouldstayupifyouwanttosleeppeacefully.C.Foodisnecessaryatnightifyoufailtogotosleep.D.Goingtobedtooearlydoesnothelpyousleepwell.40.Wemayinferthattheauthorismostprobablya________.A.doctorB.scientistC.reporterD.professors
Whenweseewellwedonotthinkaboutoureyesveryoften.ItisonlywhenwecannotseeperfectlythatwerealizehowimportantoureyesarE.Peoplewhoarenear-sightedcanonlyseethingsthatareveryclosetotheireyesEverythingelseseemsblurry=unclear.Manypeoplewhodoalotofworksuchaswritingreadingandsewingbecomenear―sighteD.Thenpeoplewhoarefar-sightedsufferfromjusttheoppositeproblem.Theycanseethingsthatarefarawaybuttheyhavedifficultyinreadingabookunlesstheyholditatarm’slength.Iftheywanttodomuchreadingtheymustgetglassestoo.OtherpeopledonotseeclearlybecausetheireyesarenotexactlytherightshapE.Theyhavewhatiscalledastigmatism散光.Thistoocanbecorrectedbyglasses.Somepeople’seyesbecomecloudybecauseofcataracts白内障.LongagothesepeopleoftenbecameblinD.Nowhoweveritispossibletooperateonthecataractsandremovethem.Havingtwogoodeyesisimportantforjudgingdistances.Eacheyeseesthingsfromaslightlydifferentangle角度.Toprovethistoyourselflookatanobjectoutofoneeye;thenlookatthesameobjectoutofyourothereyE.Youwillfindtheobject’srelationtothebackgroundandotherthingsaroundithaschangeD.Thedifferencebetweenthesetwodifferenteyeviewshelpsustojudgehowfarawayanobjectis.Peoplewhohaveonlyoneeyecannotjudgedistanceaspeoplewithtwoeyes.51.Weshouldtakegoodcareofoureyes________.A.onlywhenwecanseewellB.onlywhenwecannotseeperfectlyC.evenifwecanseewellD.onlywhenwerealizehowimportantoureyesare52.Whenthingsfarawayseemindistinct模糊不清oneisprobably_________.A.near-sightedB.far-sightedC.astigmaticD.sufferingfromcataracts53.Theunderlinedwordsufferfrominthesecondparagraphprobablymeans__________.A.experienceB.imagineC.feelpainD.areaffectedwith54.Peoplewhosufferfromastigmatismhave__________.A.oneeyebiggerthantheotherB.eyesthatarenotexactlytherightshapeC.adifficultythatcanbecorrectedbyanoperationD.aneyedifficultythatcannotbecorrectedbyglasses55.Havingtwoeyesinsteadofoneisparticularlyusefulfor_________.A.seeingatnightB.seeingobjectsfarawayC.lookingoverawideareaD.judgingdistances
LosingababytoothcanbefunforakiD.Youcanputitunderyourpillowandlookforwardtofindingsomemoneythereinthemorning.Andthenyoucanwatchyournewpermanent永恒的toothgrowinitsplacE.Butifapermanenttoothfallsoutthat’saproblem.Thereisn’tanotheroneunderthegum齿龈thatcanreplaceit.UnfortunatelythishappenstosomeolderpeoplE.Andifpermanentteethfallout-orneedtobepulled-anolderpersonmightneeddentures.Denturesknownasfalseteethareasetofreplacementteethforanyteeththataremissing.Therearepartialdentureswhichtaketheplaceofonlyafewteethandpreventtheothersfromchangingposition.Ifalltheteetharegonethepersonwouldneedcompletedentureswhichreplaceeverytoothinthemouth.Denturescancausepainsatfirstandtakelittletimetogetadjustedto.TheyalsoneedspecialcarE.Theyshouldbebrusheddailywithaspecialdenturebrushandcleanserandsoakedindenturesolutionwhennotinthemouth.Denturesareimportantforolderfolksbecausewithoutteethit’shardtosmiletalkandeatproperly.Butitcanbealittleweirdifyouseesomeonetakeouthisorherdentures.Itcanalsobestrangetoseesomeonelikeagrandparentwithoutdenturesinbecauseheorshewon’thaveanyteeth.Trynottomakefunofthepersonbecausethiscouldcausehurtfeelings.Peopleusuallylosetheirpermanentteethduetoperiodontaldiseaseorgumdiseasewhichiscausedbybacteriathatattacksthegums.Diseasedgumsaren’tstrongandhealthysoteethcangetlooseandfallout.Olderpeopleoftenhavemanycavities洞thathavebeenfilledovertheyearsandthesefillingscanweakenovertimeleadingtomoretoothdecay.69.Ifoneofyourbabyteethfallsoutyou.A.shouldhaveafalsetoothfixedinitsplaceB.havetoputitunderyourpillowatonceC.willgainapermanenttoothinfutureD.canexchangeitforsomemoney70.Apersonwearingdentures.A.shouldbrushthemwithaspecialdenturebrusheveryfewdaysB.willtakeaverylongtimetoadjusthimselforherselftothemC.willexperienceunpleasantfeelingsatthebeginningoffixingthemD.shouldusedenturesolutiontosoaktheminhisorhermouth71.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?A.Partialdenturescanpreventtheremainingteethfromchangingposition.B.Oldpeoplewillfindithardtosmiletalkandeatproperlywithoutteeth.C.Aperson’steethwillpossiblygetlooseifdiseasesstrikehisgums.D.Itishardforapersontoweardenturesifallhisteethhavefallenout.72.Whatdoestheunderlinedwordweirdmeaninthefifthparagraph?A.inconvenientB.strangeC.uncomfortableD.impolite
Withbighandbagsbecomingakeyfashionaccessory配件forworkingwomenhealthexpertsarewarningtheycanalsobecomeakeyhealthconcern.Bagsforwomenhavebecomebiggerandheavierasdesignerscombinebriefcaseswithhandbagsandstrapshavebecomelongerresultinginmanyuserscomplainingofneckshoulderandbackproblems.IseesomanywomenwithneckpainsandheadachesandwhatIusuallydoislookfortheirpurseandpickitupsaidJaneSadlerafamilypracticephysicianatBaylorMedicalCenterinGarlandTexas.Wetakeitovertothescaleandweighitandusuallythey'reanywherefrom7to10pounds...We'rereallygoingtoseewomenwithmoreandmoreproblemslateronifwecontinuethebigpursecrazE.WilliamCaseaphysicaltherapist临床医生inprivatepracticeinHoustonTexasurgeddesignerstoplaceacuteeducationalcautiontag标签onallbagstoinformofpotentialneckandshoulderdangers.Aboveallherecommendedcorrectposturewhilecarryingbigpurseskeepingtheheadandshouldersupright.PatientsshouldalsofrequentlychangethesizeandweightofpursescarrieD.Theextra-largepursesarequitephenomenal.TheylookbeautifulwhenthewomenwearthembutIdon'tknowhowawaretheyareofthepotentialproblemsCasesaiD.Placingobjectsononeshoulderwasoneoftheleastefficient有效率的waysofcarryingaloadaccordingtoaprofessorfromCornellUniversityinNewYorkStatE.ThiscausesagreatimbalancehesaiD.IfabigbagisafashionaccessorythenoccasionalandsymbolicuseisfinE.Ifnotthenkeepitlight.61.Bagsforwomenaredesignedtobebiggerbecausethey_____.A.aresupposedtocarrymorethingsB.aremorecomfortabletowearC.makethewearerslooknicerD.showthestatusofthewearers62.JaneSadlerwouldlookfortheirpurseandpickitupinordertoseewhetherthepurses_____.A.containedenoughmoneyB.wereworthalotofpoundsC.weretooheavyD.weretoolarge63.Whichcorrectlyexplainsthemeaningoftheunderlinedwordpostureinthe4thparagraph?A.Thewayyoupositionyourbody.B.Thepartofyourbodywhereyouplaceaweight.C.Thestrengthyouusetocarryaweight.D.Theheightoftheweightyoucarry.64.Whichofthefollowingbelongstothekindofbagscausingthehealthproblems?AB.C.D.65.Noneoftheexpertsadvisedbigbagusersto______.A.beawareofthebig-bagproblemsB.wearbigbagsintherightwayC.avoidusingbigbagsveryoftenD.sacrificethefashiontokeepfit
Let’sdosomesleepmath.YoulosttwohoursofsleepeverynightlastweekbecauseofabigprojectdueonFriday.OnSaturdayandSundayyousleptingettingfourextrahours.OnMondaymorningyouwerefeelingsobright-eyedthatyouonlyhadonecupofcoffeeinsteadofyourusualtwo.Butdon’tbecheatedbyyourenergy.You’restillcarryingaroundaheavyloadofsleepinessorwhatexpertscallsleepdebt――inthiscasesomethinglikesixhoursalmostafullnights’sleep.Sleepdebtisthedifferencebetweentheamountofsleepyoushouldbegettingandtheamountyouactuallyget.It’sadeficit缺乏thatgrowseverytimeweskimsomeextraminutesoffournightlysleep.PeopleaccumulatesleepdebtgraduallywithoutbeingnoticedsaysWilliamC.DementfounderoftheStanfordUniversitySleepClinic.Studiesshowthatsuchshort―termsleepdeprivationleadstoafoggybrainworsenedvisionandtroubleremembering.Long-termeffectsincludeobesityinsulin胰岛素resistanceandheartdiseasE.A.surveybytheNationalSleepFoundationreportsthatwe’relosingonehourofsleepeachnight――morethantwofullweeksofsleepeveryyear.ThegoodnewsisthatlikealldebtwithsomeworksleepdebtcanberepaiD.Addinganextrahourortwoofsleepanightisthewaytocatchup.Forthelong―termlackofsleeptakeiteasyforafewmonthstogetbackintoanaturalsleeppattern.Gotobedwhenyouaretiredandallowyourbodytowakeyouinthemorningnoalarmclockallowed.Youmayfindyourselfcatatonic有紧张症的inthebeginningoftherecoverycycleexpecttohavetenhoursshut-eyepernight.AsthedayspasshowevertheamountofsleepingtimewillgraduallydecreasE.Soearnbackthatlostsleep――andfollowthedictatesofyourinnate固有的sleepneeds.You’llfeelbetter.WhenyouputawaysleepdebtyoubecomeasupermansaysStanford’sDementtalkingabouttheimprovedmentalandphysicalcapabilitiesthatcomewithbeingwellrested.51.Ifyouhaveshort―termsleepdeprivation.A.youcanthinkandrememberthingsclearlyB.youcanstillseeeverythingveryclearlyC.youcandriveyourcareasilyD.youmayhaveapoorsight52.Theexampleofsleepmathisusedtoshow.A.inwhatcaseyoubuildupasleepdebtB.whyyouneedsixhours’sleepeverynightC.whyyouarefullofenergyevenwhenyoudon’thaveenoughsleepD.youshoulddrinkcoffeetokeepenergeticwhenyoudon’thaveenoughsleep53.TheauthorbeginsParagraph3with.A.anorderB.astoryC.adefinitionD.anexample54.BysayingtheunderlinedsentenceinthelastparagraphDementmeans.A.asupermanalwaysneedsalotofsleepB.youwillbeinagoodstatewithenoughsleepC.youcanbecomesupermanafteryourepayyourdebtD.Youwillbecomesupermanifyoudon’tmakeupforsleepdebt55.Whatmightbethemostsuitabletitleforthepassage?A.Canyoucatchuponlostsleep?B.Howcanyoukeepenergetic?C.Canyouhaveagoodsleep?D.Whatissleepdebt?
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