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第三篇 ControllingRobotswiththeMind BelleourtinymonkeywasseatedinherspecialchairinsideachamberatourDukeUniversitylab.Herrighthandgraspedajoystick操纵杆asshewatchedahorizontalseriesoflightsonadisplaypanel.Sheknewthatifalightsuddenlyshoneandshemovedthejoystickleftorrighttocorrespondtoitspositionshewouldbesentadropoffruitjuiceintohermouth. Belleworeacapgluedtoherhead.Underitwerefourplasticconnectorswhichfedarraysofmicrowires-eachwirefinerthanthefinestsewingthread-intodifferentregionsofBelle’smotorcortex脑皮层tilebraintissuethatplansmovementsandsendsinstructions.Eachofthe100microwireslaybesideasinglemotorneuron神经元WhenaneuronproducedanelectricaldischargetheadjacentmicrowirewouldcapturethecurrentandsenditupthroughasmallwiringbundlethatranfromBelle’scaptoaboxofelectronicsonatablenexttothebooth.Theboxinturnwaslinkedtotwocomputersonenextdoorandtheotherhalfacountryaway. Aftermonthsofhardworkwewereabouttotesttheideathatwecouldreliablytranslatetherawelectricalactivityinalivingbeing’sbrain-Belle’smerethoughts-intosignalsthatcoulddirecttheactionsofarobot.WehadassembledamultijointedrobotarminthisroomawayfromBelle’sviewwhichshewouldcontrolforthefirsttime.AssoonasBelle’sbrainsensedalitspotonthepanelelectronicsintheboxrunningtworeal-timemathematicalmodelswouldrapidlyanalyzethetinyactionpotentialsproducedbyherbraincells.Ourlabcomputerwouldconverttheelectricalpatternsintoinstructionsthatwoulddirecttherobotarm.SixhundredmilesnorthinCambridgeMassadifferentcomputerwouldproducethesameactionsinanotherrobotarmbuiltbyMandayamASrinivasan.IfwehaddoneeverythingcorrectlythetworobotarmswouldbehaveasBelle’sarmdidatexactlythesametime. Finallythemomentcame.WerandomlyswitchedonlightsinfrontofBelleandsheimmediatelymovedherjoystickbackandforthtocorrespondtothem.OurrobotarmmovedsimilarlytoBelle’srealarm.SodidSriniwlsan’s.Belleandtherobotsmovedinsynchrony同步likedancerschoreographed设计舞蹈动作bytheelectricalimpulsessparkinginBelle’smind. Inthetwoyearssincethatdayourlabsandseveralothershaveadvancedneurosciencecomputerscienceandmicroelectronicstocreatewaysforratsmonkeysandeventuallyhumanstocontrolmechanicalandelectronicmachinespurelybythinkingthroughorimaginingthemotions.Ourimmediategoalistohelpapersonwhohasbeenunabletomovebyaneurological神经的disorderorspinalcord脊髓injurybutwhosemotorcodexissparedtooperateawheelchairoraroboticlimb. WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueoftherobotbuiltbySrinivasan A.Itwasdirectedbysignalsconvertedfromtheelectricalactivityi
第二篇 WhereHaveAlltheFrogsGone Inthe1980sscientistsaroundtheworldbegantonoticesomethingstrangeFrogsweredisappearing.Morerecentresearchhasshownthatmanykindsofamphibians两栖动物aredecliningorhavebecomeextinct.Theyhavebeenaroundforalongtime-over350millionyears.Whyaretheydyingoutnow Scientistsareseriouslyconcernedaboutthisquestion.Firstofallamphibiansareanimportantsourceofscientificandmedicalknowledge.Bystudyingamphibiansscientistshavelearnedaboutnewsubstancesthatcouldbeveryusefulfortreatinghumandiseases.Furtherresearchcouldleadtomanymorediscoveriesbutthatwillbeimpossibleiftheamphibiansdisappear. Themostseriousaspectofamphibianlosshowevergoesbeyondtheamphibiansthemselves.Scientistsarebeginningtothinkaboutwhatamphibiandeclinemeansfortheplanetasawhole.Iftheearthisbecomingunlivableforamphibiansisitalsobecomingunlivableforotherkindsofanimalsandhumanbeingsaswell Scientistsnowbelievethatamphibiandeclineisduetoseveralenvironmentalfactors.Oneofthesefactorsisthedestructionofhabitatthenaturalareawhereananimallives.Amphibiansareverysensitivetochangesintheirhabitat.Iftheycannotfindtherightconditionstheywillnotlaytheireggs.Thesedaysaswildareasarecoveredwithhousesroadsfarmsorfactoriesmanykindsofamphibiansarenolongerlayingeggs.Forexamplethearroyotoad蟾蜍ofsouthernCaliforniawillonlylayitseggsonthesandybottomofaslow-movingstream.ThereareveryfewstreamsleftinsouthernCaliforniaandthosestreamsareoftenmuddybecauseofbuildingprojects.Notsurprisinglythearroyotoadisnowindangerofextinction. Thereareanumberofotherfactorsinamphibiandecline.Pollutionisoneofthem.Inmanyindustrialareasairpollutionhaspoisonedtherainwhichthenfallsonpondsandkillsthefrogsandtoadsthatlivethere.Infarmingareastheheavyuseofchemicalsoncropshasalsokilledoffamphibians.AnotherfactoristhatairpollutionhasledtoincreasedlevelsofultravioletUVlight.ThisendangersamphibianswhichseemtobeespeciallysensitivetoUVlight.Andfinallyscientistshavediscoveredanewdiseasethatseemstobekillingmanyspeciesofamphibiansindifferentpartsoftheworld. Allthesereasonsforthedisappearanceofamphibiansarealsogoodreasonsformoregeneralconcern.Thedestructionoflandthepollutionoftheairandthewaterthechangesinouratmospherethespreadofdiseases-thesefactorsaffecthumanbeingstoo.Amphibiansareespeciallysensitivetoenvironmentalchange.Perhapstheyarelikethecanary金丝雀birdthatcoalminersonceusedtotakedownintotheminestodetectpoisonousgases.Whenthecanarybecameillordiedtheminersknewthatdangerousgaseswerenearandtheirownliveswereindanger. Amphibianslaytheireggs
SolarStorm AttheendofOctober2003asuddensolarstormhittheearth.A.solarstormreferstothelargeamountsofchargedparticlesreleasedintospace______51thesolarenergyincreases.Thereleaseoftheenergy______52placealongwiththeactivityofthesunspotswithacycleof11years.Thistimethe______53ofthestormexceededexpectations. This______54ofintensesolarstormwascausedbytheeruptionofasolarflare闪光andtheejection喷发ofthesolarcorona日冠onOctober282003.Largeamountsofchargedparticlesmoved150000000kilometersthroughspacetowardthe______55in19hours.Theycouldaffectaircraftroaming漫游inspace. Thehigh-energyparticleswill______56someofthepartsofanaircraft.Theymayalsocauseittofail.High-energyparticlescanthreatenthesafetyofanaircraftatahighorbit.Ifanaircraftorbitsatalowerorbititis______57becauseitisundertheprotectionoftheearth’smagneticfield. Asolarstormnotonlyaffectsaircraftbutalsoisa______58totheenvironmentandhumans.Theaerosphereandmagneticfieldoftheearthcan______59humansfromultravioletradiationandX-rays.WhilemostoftheX-rays areabsorbedaftertheyentertheaerosphere大气层stillafewcan______60theground. Thegeomagneticstormcausedbythisroundofsolarstormreachesitshighestlevelonthetwo______61oftheearthwhichaffectselectricitysupplyofNorthAmerica.Overexposureto______62threatensthehealthofpassengersonplanesflyingoverthePolarRegions.Ifweflyintheskyduringsuchasolarstormit______63wereceivetentimestheX-rayradiation.It’sreallydamaging. Scientistssayasolareruptionislikethesunsneezingwhichwillmaketheearth______64acold.Thoughthisnaturalforceisirresistiblescientistscanstill______65itsmovementaccuratelybymonitoring.Facingsuccessivesolarstormshumanscan’tdroptheirguard
MonarchwithoutaKingdom ThisNovemberahundredmillionbutterflieswilldropfromtheskyoverMexicolikeautumnleaves.ButforhowlongGeneticallymodifiedmaize玉米couldmeanextinctionforthisbeautifulbutterflyRafaelRuizreports. Althoughitsbodyisabout3cmlonganditonlyweighs1gintheMonarchbutterflymanagestotravel5000kmeachyear.Itseemstobesofragilebutitslongjourneysareproofofitsamazingabilitytosurvive.ThisautumntheMonarchbutterflywilloncemoresetoutonitsjourneyfromtheUS.ItwillkeepgoinguntilitreachesMexico.Ittravelsthesehugedistancestoescapethecoldweatherinthenorth. InNovembermillionsofMonarchsfalllikebrightgoldenrainontotheforestsinthemountainsofcentralMexico.Inthesilenceofthesemountainsyoucanhearastrangeflapping拍动ofwingsastheMonarchsarriveattheirdestination.Inthemountainswhichreachaheightof3000metresthebutterfliesaresafe. Beforereachingtheirjourney’sendtheyhavefacedstrongwindsrainandsnowstormsandtheydonotallmanagetoreachtheirdestination.Whenthewintersarereallybadperhaps70percentofthemwillnotsurvive.TheirlongjourneytoMexicoisthoughttobeoneofthemostamazingeventsinthewholeoftheAmericancontinent.WhentheygettheretheywillstayuntilthebeginningofAprilwhentheirinternalcalendartellsthemthatitistimetogoback.Thelongjourneywithallitsdangersbeginsagain. Thesedelicatecreaturesnowfacedangerofanotherkind-fromscientificprogress.IntheUSmillionsoffarmsgrowgeneticallymodifiedmaizewhichispurepoisonforthebutterfly.Laboratoryexperimentshaveshownthathalfofthebutterflieswhichfeedontheleavesofgeneticallymodifiedmaizediewithin48hours.NotallexpertsagreethatthisvarietyofmaizeisresponsibleforthethreattotheMonarchs.InspiteofthesedoubtstheEuropeanUnionhasrefusedtoapprovenewcropsofgeneticallymodifiedmaizeuntilfurtherinvestigationshavebeencarriedout. GreenpeaceiscampaigningagainstgeneticallymodifiedproductsinSpaintherearealready20000hectaresofmodifiedmaizeTheenvironmentalorganizationrecentlypublishedalistof100speciesofbutterflyinEuropealonewhicharethreatenedwithextinction. inbadwintersabout70percentofthebutterfliescanstayalive
MonarchwithoutaKingdom ThisNovemberahundredmillionbutterflieswilldropfromtheskyoverMexicolikeautumnleaves.ButforhowlongGeneticallymodifiedmaize玉米couldmeanextinctionforthisbeautifulbutterflyRafaelRuizreports. Althoughitsbodyisabout3cmlonganditonlyweighs1gintheMonarchbutterflymanagestotravel5000kmeachyear.Itseemstobesofragilebutitslongjourneysareproofofitsamazingabilitytosurvive.ThisautumntheMonarchbutterflywilloncemoresetoutonitsjourneyfromtheUS.ItwillkeepgoinguntilitreachesMexico.Ittravelsthesehugedistancestoescapethecoldweatherinthenorth. InNovembermillionsofMonarchsfalllikebrightgoldenrainontotheforestsinthemountainsofcentralMexico.Inthesilenceofthesemountainsyoucanhearastrangeflapping拍动ofwingsastheMonarchsarriveattheirdestination.Inthemountainswhichreachaheightof3000metresthebutterfliesaresafe. Beforereachingtheirjourney’sendtheyhavefacedstrongwindsrainandsnowstormsandtheydonotallmanagetoreachtheirdestination.Whenthewintersarereallybadperhaps70percentofthemwillnotsurvive.TheirlongjourneytoMexicoisthoughttobeoneofthemostamazingeventsinthewholeoftheAmericancontinent.WhentheygettheretheywillstayuntilthebeginningofAprilwhentheirinternalcalendartellsthemthatitistimetogoback.Thelongjourneywithallitsdangersbeginsagain. Thesedelicatecreaturesnowfacedangerofanotherkind-fromscientificprogress.IntheUSmillionsoffarmsgrowgeneticallymodifiedmaizewhichispurepoisonforthebutterfly.Laboratoryexperimentshaveshownthathalfofthebutterflieswhichfeedontheleavesofgeneticallymodifiedmaizediewithin48hours.NotallexpertsagreethatthisvarietyofmaizeisresponsibleforthethreattotheMonarchs.InspiteofthesedoubtstheEuropeanUnionhasrefusedtoapprovenewcropsofgeneticallymodifiedmaizeuntilfurtherinvestigationshavebeencarriedout. GreenpeaceiscampaigningagainstgeneticallymodifiedproductsinSpaintherearealready20000hectaresofmodifiedmaizeTheenvironmentalorganizationrecentlypublishedalistof100speciesofbutterflyinEuropealonewhicharethreatenedwithextinction. Geneticallymodifiedmaizeisn’tpoisonoustothebutterflies.
Theindustrialrevolution{{U}}modified{{/U}}thewholestructureofEnglishsociety
第三篇 ControllingRobotswiththeMind BelleourtinymonkeywasseatedinherspecialchairinsideachamberatourDukeUniversitylab.Herrighthandgraspedajoystick操纵杆asshewatchedahorizontalseriesoflightsonadisplaypanel.Sheknewthatifalightsuddenlyshoneandshemovedthejoystickleftorrighttocorrespondtoitspositionshewouldbesentadropoffruitjuiceintohermouth. Belleworeacapgluedtoherhead.Underitwerefourplasticconnectorswhichfedarraysofmicrowires-eachwirefinerthanthefinestsewingthread-intodifferentregionsofBelle’smotorcortex脑皮层tilebraintissuethatplansmovementsandsendsinstructions.Eachofthe100microwireslaybesideasinglemotorneuron神经元WhenaneuronproducedanelectricaldischargetheadjacentmicrowirewouldcapturethecurrentandsenditupthroughasmallwiringbundlethatranfromBelle’scaptoaboxofelectronicsonatablenexttothebooth.Theboxinturnwaslinkedtotwocomputersonenextdoorandtheotherhalfacountryaway. Aftermonthsofhardworkwewereabouttotesttheideathatwecouldreliablytranslatetherawelectricalactivityinalivingbeing’sbrain-Belle’smerethoughts-intosignalsthatcoulddirecttheactionsofarobot.WehadassembledamultijointedrobotarminthisroomawayfromBelle’sviewwhichshewouldcontrolforthefirsttime.AssoonasBelle’sbrainsensedalitspotonthepanelelectronicsintheboxrunningtworeal-timemathematicalmodelswouldrapidlyanalyzethetinyactionpotentialsproducedbyherbraincells.Ourlabcomputerwouldconverttheelectricalpatternsintoinstructionsthatwoulddirecttherobotarm.SixhundredmilesnorthinCambridgeMassadifferentcomputerwouldproducethesameactionsinanotherrobotarmbuiltbyMandayamASrinivasan.IfwehaddoneeverythingcorrectlythetworobotarmswouldbehaveasBelle’sarmdidatexactlythesametime. Finallythemomentcame.WerandomlyswitchedonlightsinfrontofBelleandsheimmediatelymovedherjoystickbackandforthtocorrespondtothem.OurrobotarmmovedsimilarlytoBelle’srealarm.SodidSriniwlsan’s.Belleandtherobotsmovedinsynchrony同步likedancerschoreographed设计舞蹈动作bytheelectricalimpulsessparkinginBelle’smind. Inthetwoyearssincethatdayourlabsandseveralothershaveadvancedneurosciencecomputerscienceandmicroelectronicstocreatewaysforratsmonkeysandeventuallyhumanstocontrolmechanicalandelectronicmachinespurelybythinkingthroughorimaginingthemotions.Ourimmediategoalistohelpapersonwhohasbeenunabletomovebyaneurological神经的disorderorspinalcord脊髓injurybutwhosemotorcodexissparedtooperateawheelchairoraroboticlimb. Bellewouldbefedsomefruitjuiceifshe
第一篇 IstheTieaNecessity TiesornecktieshavebeenasymbolofpolitenessandeleganceinBritainforcenturies.ButthecasualPrimeMinisterTonyBlairhasproblemswiththem.Reportssuggestthateventhecivilservantsmaystopwearingties.SoarethefamouslyformalBritishreallygoingtoabandontheneckties Maybe.LastweektheUK’sCabinetSecretaryAndrewTurnbullopenlywelcomedatielessera.Hehintedthatcivilservantswouldsoonbetreeofthecostliest12inchesoffabricthatmostmeneverbuyintheirlives. InfactBlairshowedthisattitudewhenhehadhisfirstgueststoacocktailparty.Manyofthemwerecelebrities知名人士withouttieswhichwouldhavebeenunimaginableevenintherecentpast. ForsomemoreconservativeBritishthetieisamustforproperappearance.EarlierLaborleaderJimCallaghansaidhewouldhavediedratherthanhavehischildrenseeninpublicwithoutatie.ForpeoplelikeCallaghanthetilewasasignofbeingcompleteofshowingrespect.Menweresupposedtowearatiewhengoingtochurchtoworkintheofficetoaparty-almosteverysocialoccasion. Buttodaypeoplehavebeguntoacceptacasualstyleevenforformaloccasions. Theoriginofthetieistricky.ItstartedassomethingcalledsimplyabandThetermcouldmeananythingaroundaman’sneck.Itappearedinfinerwaysinthe1630s.Frenchmenshowedaloveofthisparticularfashionstatement.Theirneckwear颈饰impressedCharlesIIthekingofEnglandwhowasexiled流放toFranceatthattime.WhenhereturnedtoEnglandin1660hebroughtthisnewfashionitemalongwithhim. Itwasn’thoweveruntilthelate18thcenturythatfancyyoungmenintroducedamorecolorfulflowingpieceofcloththateventuallybecameknownasthetie.Thenclubsmilitaryinstitutionsandschoolsbegantousecoloredandpatternedtiestoindicatethewearer’smembershipinthelate19thcentury.AfterthatthetiebecameanecessaryitemofclothingforBritishgentlemen. Butnowevengentlemenaregettingtiredofties.Anywaythedayfeelsabiteasierwhenyouwakeupwithouthavingtodecidewhichtiesuitsyouandyourmood. WhichofthefollowingisNOTasocialoccasion
SolarStorm AttheendofOctober2003asuddensolarstormhittheearth.A.solarstormreferstothelargeamountsofchargedparticlesreleasedintospace______51thesolarenergyincreases.Thereleaseoftheenergy______52placealongwiththeactivityofthesunspotswithacycleof11years.Thistimethe______53ofthestormexceededexpectations. This______54ofintensesolarstormwascausedbytheeruptionofasolarflare闪光andtheejection喷发ofthesolarcorona日冠onOctober282003.Largeamountsofchargedparticlesmoved150000000kilometersthroughspacetowardthe______55in19hours.Theycouldaffectaircraftroaming漫游inspace. Thehigh-energyparticleswill______56someofthepartsofanaircraft.Theymayalsocauseittofail.High-energyparticlescanthreatenthesafetyofanaircraftatahighorbit.Ifanaircraftorbitsatalowerorbititis______57becauseitisundertheprotectionoftheearth’smagneticfield. Asolarstormnotonlyaffectsaircraftbutalsoisa______58totheenvironmentandhumans.Theaerosphereandmagneticfieldoftheearthcan______59humansfromultravioletradiationandX-rays.WhilemostoftheX-rays areabsorbedaftertheyentertheaerosphere大气层stillafewcan______60theground. Thegeomagneticstormcausedbythisroundofsolarstormreachesitshighestlevelonthetwo______61oftheearthwhichaffectselectricitysupplyofNorthAmerica.Overexposureto______62threatensthehealthofpassengersonplanesflyingoverthePolarRegions.Ifweflyintheskyduringsuchasolarstormit______63wereceivetentimestheX-rayradiation.It’sreallydamaging. Scientistssayasolareruptionislikethesunsneezingwhichwillmaketheearth______64acold.Thoughthisnaturalforceisirresistiblescientistscanstill______65itsmovementaccuratelybymonitoring.Facingsuccessivesolarstormshumanscan’tdroptheirguard
{{*HTML*}}下面的短文有15处空白请根据短文内容为每处空白确定1个最佳选项 ??????? ??????????? ?{{B}}DebateovertheUseofRenewableEnergy{{/B}}??Ausubelof RockefellerUniversityinNewYorkUSsaysthekeyrenewable可再生的energy sourcesincludingsunwindandbiofuelswouldallrequirevastamountsof landifdevelopeduptolargescaleproduction-unlikenuclearpower.Thatland wouldbefarbetter{{U}}?51?{{/U}}alonehesays.Renewableslook{{U}} ?52?{{/U}}whentheyarequitesmall.Butifwestartproducing renewableenergyonalarge{{U}}?53?{{/U}}thefallout结果isgoing tobehorrible.??Ausubeldrawshisconclusionsbyanalysingthe amountofenergythatrenewablesnaturalgasandnuclei原子核can{{U}}?54 ?{{/U}}intermsofpowerpersquaremetreoflandused.Moreoverheclaims that{{U}}?55?{{/U}}renewableenergyuseincreasesthismeasureof efficiencywilldecreaseasthebestlandforwindbiofuelsandsolarpower getsusedup.??Solarpowerismuchmore{{U}}?56 ?{{/U}}thanbiofuelintermsoftheareaoflandusedbutitwouldstill{{U}} ?57?{{/U}}150squarekilometresofphotovoltaic光电的cellstomatch theenergyproductionofthe1000MWnuclearplant.Inanotherexamplehe says{{U}}?58?{{/U}}the2005USelectricitydemandviawindpoweralone wouldneed780000squarekilometresanareathe{{U}}?59?{{/U}}of Texas.??Howeverseveralexpertsarehighlycriticalof Ausubel’s{{U}}?60?{{/U}}.JohnTurneroftheUSgovernment’sNational RenewableEnergyLaboratorysaysthateveniftheUSgotallofits{{U}} ?61?{{/U}}fromsolarenergyitwouldstillneedlessthanhalfthe amountoflandthathasbeenpavedover{{U}}?62?{{/U}}highways. Furtheritneednot{{U}}?63?{{/U}}upadditionalland.TheUScould getaquarterofitsenergyjustfromcoveringrooftopsofexistingbuildings hesays.??AccordingtoTurnerthesamedualusealso{{U}} ?64?{{/U}}towindpower.Thefootprintforwindisonly5%ofthe landthatit{{U}}?65?{{/U}}.Farmerscanstillfarmthelandthatthe turbinesareon.Turnersayslookingsolelyatlanduseisan oversimplificationoftheissue.
第三篇 ControllingRobotswiththeMind BelleourtinymonkeywasseatedinherspecialchairinsideachamberatourDukeUniversitylab.Herrighthandgraspedajoystick操纵杆asshewatchedahorizontalseriesoflightsonadisplaypanel.Sheknewthatifalightsuddenlyshoneandshemovedthejoystickleftorrighttocorrespondtoitspositionshewouldbesentadropoffruitjuiceintohermouth. Belleworeacapgluedtoherhead.Underitwerefourplasticconnectorswhichfedarraysofmicrowires-eachwirefinerthanthefinestsewingthread-intodifferentregionsofBelle’smotorcortex脑皮层tilebraintissuethatplansmovementsandsendsinstructions.Eachofthe100microwireslaybesideasinglemotorneuron神经元WhenaneuronproducedanelectricaldischargetheadjacentmicrowirewouldcapturethecurrentandsenditupthroughasmallwiringbundlethatranfromBelle’scaptoaboxofelectronicsonatablenexttothebooth.Theboxinturnwaslinkedtotwocomputersonenextdoorandtheotherhalfacountryaway. Aftermonthsofhardworkwewereabouttotesttheideathatwecouldreliablytranslatetherawelectricalactivityinalivingbeing’sbrain-Belle’smerethoughts-intosignalsthatcoulddirecttheactionsofarobot.WehadassembledamultijointedrobotarminthisroomawayfromBelle’sviewwhichshewouldcontrolforthefirsttime.AssoonasBelle’sbrainsensedalitspotonthepanelelectronicsintheboxrunningtworeal-timemathematicalmodelswouldrapidlyanalyzethetinyactionpotentialsproducedbyherbraincells.Ourlabcomputerwouldconverttheelectricalpatternsintoinstructionsthatwoulddirecttherobotarm.SixhundredmilesnorthinCambridgeMassadifferentcomputerwouldproducethesameactionsinanotherrobotarmbuiltbyMandayamASrinivasan.IfwehaddoneeverythingcorrectlythetworobotarmswouldbehaveasBelle’sarmdidatexactlythesametime. Finallythemomentcame.WerandomlyswitchedonlightsinfrontofBelleandsheimmediatelymovedherjoystickbackandforthtocorrespondtothem.OurrobotarmmovedsimilarlytoBelle’srealarm.SodidSriniwlsan’s.Belleandtherobotsmovedinsynchrony同步likedancerschoreographed设计舞蹈动作bytheelectricalimpulsessparkinginBelle’smind. Inthetwoyearssincethatdayourlabsandseveralothershaveadvancedneurosciencecomputerscienceandmicroelectronicstocreatewaysforratsmonkeysandeventuallyhumanstocontrolmechanicalandelectronicmachinespurelybythinkingthroughorimaginingthemotions.Ourimmediategoalistohelpapersonwhohasbeenunabletomovebyaneurological神经的disorderorspinalcord脊髓injurybutwhosemotorcodexissparedtooperateawheelchairoraroboticlimb. Theshort-termgoaloftheresearchistohelpaperson
SolarStorm AttheendofOctober2003asuddensolarstormhittheearth.A.solarstormreferstothelargeamountsofchargedparticlesreleasedintospace______51thesolarenergyincreases.Thereleaseoftheenergy______52placealongwiththeactivityofthesunspotswithacycleof11years.Thistimethe______53ofthestormexceededexpectations. This______54ofintensesolarstormwascausedbytheeruptionofasolarflare闪光andtheejection喷发ofthesolarcorona日冠onOctober282003.Largeamountsofchargedparticlesmoved150000000kilometersthroughspacetowardthe______55in19hours.Theycouldaffectaircraftroaming漫游inspace. Thehigh-energyparticleswill______56someofthepartsofanaircraft.Theymayalsocauseittofail.High-energyparticlescanthreatenthesafetyofanaircraftatahighorbit.Ifanaircraftorbitsatalowerorbititis______57becauseitisundertheprotectionoftheearth’smagneticfield. Asolarstormnotonlyaffectsaircraftbutalsoisa______58totheenvironmentandhumans.Theaerosphereandmagneticfieldoftheearthcan______59humansfromultravioletradiationandX-rays.WhilemostoftheX-rays areabsorbedaftertheyentertheaerosphere大气层stillafewcan______60theground. Thegeomagneticstormcausedbythisroundofsolarstormreachesitshighestlevelonthetwo______61oftheearthwhichaffectselectricitysupplyofNorthAmerica.Overexposureto______62threatensthehealthofpassengersonplanesflyingoverthePolarRegions.Ifweflyintheskyduringsuchasolarstormit______63wereceivetentimestheX-rayradiation.It’sreallydamaging. Scientistssayasolareruptionislikethesunsneezingwhichwillmaketheearth______64acold.Thoughthisnaturalforceisirresistiblescientistscanstill______65itsmovementaccuratelybymonitoring.Facingsuccessivesolarstormshumanscan’tdroptheirguard
第一篇 IstheTieaNecessity TiesornecktieshavebeenasymbolofpolitenessandeleganceinBritainforcenturies.ButthecasualPrimeMinisterTonyBlairhasproblemswiththem.Reportssuggestthateventhecivilservantsmaystopwearingties.SoarethefamouslyformalBritishreallygoingtoabandontheneckties Maybe.LastweektheUK’sCabinetSecretaryAndrewTurnbullopenlywelcomedatielessera.Hehintedthatcivilservantswouldsoonbetreeofthecostliest12inchesoffabricthatmostmeneverbuyintheirlives. InfactBlairshowedthisattitudewhenhehadhisfirstgueststoacocktailparty.Manyofthemwerecelebrities知名人士withouttieswhichwouldhavebeenunimaginableevenintherecentpast. ForsomemoreconservativeBritishthetieisamustforproperappearance.EarlierLaborleaderJimCallaghansaidhewouldhavediedratherthanhavehischildrenseeninpublicwithoutatie.ForpeoplelikeCallaghanthetilewasasignofbeingcompleteofshowingrespect.Menweresupposedtowearatiewhengoingtochurchtoworkintheofficetoaparty-almosteverysocialoccasion. Buttodaypeoplehavebeguntoacceptacasualstyleevenforformaloccasions. Theoriginofthetieistricky.ItstartedassomethingcalledsimplyabandThetermcouldmeananythingaroundaman’sneck.Itappearedinfinerwaysinthe1630s.Frenchmenshowedaloveofthisparticularfashionstatement.Theirneckwear颈饰impressedCharlesIIthekingofEnglandwhowasexiled流放toFranceatthattime.WhenhereturnedtoEnglandin1660hebroughtthisnewfashionitemalongwithhim. Itwasn’thoweveruntilthelate18thcenturythatfancyyoungmenintroducedamorecolorfulflowingpieceofcloththateventuallybecameknownasthetie.Thenclubsmilitaryinstitutionsandschoolsbegantousecoloredandpatternedtiestoindicatethewearer’smembershipinthelate19thcentury.AfterthatthetiebecameanecessaryitemofclothingforBritishgentlemen. Butnowevengentlemenaregettingtiredofties.Anywaythedayfeelsabiteasierwhenyouwakeupwithouthavingtodecidewhichtiesuitsyouandyourmood. WhendidBritishgentlemenbegintoweartiesregularly
Hewas{{U}}elevated{{/U}}tothepostofprimeminister.
Thecuriouslooksfromthestrangersaroundhermadeherfeel{{U}}uneasy{{/U}}
Canadawill{{U}}prohibit{{/U}}smokinginallofficeslaterthisyear.
第二篇 WhereHaveAlltheFrogsGone Inthe1980sscientistsaroundtheworldbegantonoticesomethingstrangeFrogsweredisappearing.Morerecentresearchhasshownthatmanykindsofamphibians两栖动物aredecliningorhavebecomeextinct.Theyhavebeenaroundforalongtime-over350millionyears.Whyaretheydyingoutnow Scientistsareseriouslyconcernedaboutthisquestion.Firstofallamphibiansareanimportantsourceofscientificandmedicalknowledge.Bystudyingamphibiansscientistshavelearnedaboutnewsubstancesthatcouldbeveryusefulfortreatinghumandiseases.Furtherresearchcouldleadtomanymorediscoveriesbutthatwillbeimpossibleiftheamphibiansdisappear. Themostseriousaspectofamphibianlosshowevergoesbeyondtheamphibiansthemselves.Scientistsarebeginningtothinkaboutwhatamphibiandeclinemeansfortheplanetasawhole.Iftheearthisbecomingunlivableforamphibiansisitalsobecomingunlivableforotherkindsofanimalsandhumanbeingsaswell Scientistsnowbelievethatamphibiandeclineisduetoseveralenvironmentalfactors.Oneofthesefactorsisthedestructionofhabitatthenaturalareawhereananimallives.Amphibiansareverysensitivetochangesintheirhabitat.Iftheycannotfindtherightconditionstheywillnotlaytheireggs.Thesedaysaswildareasarecoveredwithhousesroadsfarmsorfactoriesmanykindsofamphibiansarenolongerlayingeggs.Forexamplethearroyotoad蟾蜍ofsouthernCaliforniawillonlylayitseggsonthesandybottomofaslow-movingstream.ThereareveryfewstreamsleftinsouthernCaliforniaandthosestreamsareoftenmuddybecauseofbuildingprojects.Notsurprisinglythearroyotoadisnowindangerofextinction. Thereareanumberofotherfactorsinamphibiandecline.Pollutionisoneofthem.Inmanyindustrialareasairpollutionhaspoisonedtherainwhichthenfallsonpondsandkillsthefrogsandtoadsthatlivethere.Infarmingareastheheavyuseofchemicalsoncropshasalsokilledoffamphibians.AnotherfactoristhatairpollutionhasledtoincreasedlevelsofultravioletUVlight.ThisendangersamphibianswhichseemtobeespeciallysensitivetoUVlight.Andfinallyscientistshavediscoveredanewdiseasethatseemstobekillingmanyspeciesofamphibiansindifferentpartsoftheworld. Allthesereasonsforthedisappearanceofamphibiansarealsogoodreasonsformoregeneralconcern.Thedestructionoflandthepollutionoftheairandthewaterthechangesinouratmospherethespreadofdiseases-thesefactorsaffecthumanbeingstoo.Amphibiansareespeciallysensitivetoenvironmentalchange.Perhapstheyarelikethecanary金丝雀birdthatcoalminersonceusedtotakedownintotheminestodetectpoisonousgases.Whenthecanarybecameillordiedtheminersknewthatdangerousgaseswerenearandtheirownliveswereindanger. Coalminersonceusedthecanarybirdtodetect
{{*HTML*}}下面的短文有15处空白请根据短文内容为每处空白确定1个最佳选项 ??????? ??????????? ?{{B}}DebateovertheUseofRenewableEnergy{{/B}}??Ausubelof RockefellerUniversityinNewYorkUSsaysthekeyrenewable可再生的energy sourcesincludingsunwindandbiofuelswouldallrequirevastamountsof landifdevelopeduptolargescaleproduction-unlikenuclearpower.Thatland wouldbefarbetter{{U}}?51?{{/U}}alonehesays.Renewableslook{{U}} ?52?{{/U}}whentheyarequitesmall.Butifwestartproducing renewableenergyonalarge{{U}}?53?{{/U}}thefallout结果isgoing tobehorrible.??Ausubeldrawshisconclusionsbyanalysingthe amountofenergythatrenewablesnaturalgasandnuclei原子核can{{U}}?54 ?{{/U}}intermsofpowerpersquaremetreoflandused.Moreoverheclaims that{{U}}?55?{{/U}}renewableenergyuseincreasesthismeasureof efficiencywilldecreaseasthebestlandforwindbiofuelsandsolarpower getsusedup.??Solarpowerismuchmore{{U}}?56 ?{{/U}}thanbiofuelintermsoftheareaoflandusedbutitwouldstill{{U}} ?57?{{/U}}150squarekilometresofphotovoltaic光电的cellstomatch theenergyproductionofthe1000MWnuclearplant.Inanotherexamplehe says{{U}}?58?{{/U}}the2005USelectricitydemandviawindpoweralone wouldneed780000squarekilometresanareathe{{U}}?59?{{/U}}of Texas.??Howeverseveralexpertsarehighlycriticalof Ausubel’s{{U}}?60?{{/U}}.JohnTurneroftheUSgovernment’sNational RenewableEnergyLaboratorysaysthateveniftheUSgotallofits{{U}} ?61?{{/U}}fromsolarenergyitwouldstillneedlessthanhalfthe amountoflandthathasbeenpavedover{{U}}?62?{{/U}}highways. Furtheritneednot{{U}}?63?{{/U}}upadditionalland.TheUScould getaquarterofitsenergyjustfromcoveringrooftopsofexistingbuildings hesays.??AccordingtoTurnerthesamedualusealso{{U}} ?64?{{/U}}towindpower.Thefootprintforwindisonly5%ofthe landthatit{{U}}?65?{{/U}}.Farmerscanstillfarmthelandthatthe turbinesareon.Turnersayslookingsolelyatlanduseisan oversimplificationoftheissue.
MonarchwithoutaKingdom ThisNovemberahundredmillionbutterflieswilldropfromtheskyoverMexicolikeautumnleaves.ButforhowlongGeneticallymodifiedmaize玉米couldmeanextinctionforthisbeautifulbutterflyRafaelRuizreports. Althoughitsbodyisabout3cmlonganditonlyweighs1gintheMonarchbutterflymanagestotravel5000kmeachyear.Itseemstobesofragilebutitslongjourneysareproofofitsamazingabilitytosurvive.ThisautumntheMonarchbutterflywilloncemoresetoutonitsjourneyfromtheUS.ItwillkeepgoinguntilitreachesMexico.Ittravelsthesehugedistancestoescapethecoldweatherinthenorth. InNovembermillionsofMonarchsfalllikebrightgoldenrainontotheforestsinthemountainsofcentralMexico.Inthesilenceofthesemountainsyoucanhearastrangeflapping拍动ofwingsastheMonarchsarriveattheirdestination.Inthemountainswhichreachaheightof3000metresthebutterfliesaresafe. Beforereachingtheirjourney’sendtheyhavefacedstrongwindsrainandsnowstormsandtheydonotallmanagetoreachtheirdestination.Whenthewintersarereallybadperhaps70percentofthemwillnotsurvive.TheirlongjourneytoMexicoisthoughttobeoneofthemostamazingeventsinthewholeoftheAmericancontinent.WhentheygettheretheywillstayuntilthebeginningofAprilwhentheirinternalcalendartellsthemthatitistimetogoback.Thelongjourneywithallitsdangersbeginsagain. Thesedelicatecreaturesnowfacedangerofanotherkind-fromscientificprogress.IntheUSmillionsoffarmsgrowgeneticallymodifiedmaizewhichispurepoisonforthebutterfly.Laboratoryexperimentshaveshownthathalfofthebutterflieswhichfeedontheleavesofgeneticallymodifiedmaizediewithin48hours.NotallexpertsagreethatthisvarietyofmaizeisresponsibleforthethreattotheMonarchs.InspiteofthesedoubtstheEuropeanUnionhasrefusedtoapprovenewcropsofgeneticallymodifiedmaizeuntilfurtherinvestigationshavebeencarriedout. GreenpeaceiscampaigningagainstgeneticallymodifiedproductsinSpaintherearealready20000hectaresofmodifiedmaizeTheenvironmentalorganizationrecentlypublishedalistof100speciesofbutterflyinEuropealonewhicharethreatenedwithextinction. TheMonarchbutterflylooksfragile.
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{{*HTML*}}下面的短文有15处空白请根据短文内容为每处空白确定1个最佳选项 ??????? ??????????? ?{{B}}DebateovertheUseofRenewableEnergy{{/B}}??Ausubelof RockefellerUniversityinNewYorkUSsaysthekeyrenewable可再生的energy sourcesincludingsunwindandbiofuelswouldallrequirevastamountsof landifdevelopeduptolargescaleproduction-unlikenuclearpower.Thatland wouldbefarbetter{{U}}?51?{{/U}}alonehesays.Renewableslook{{U}} ?52?{{/U}}whentheyarequitesmall.Butifwestartproducing renewableenergyonalarge{{U}}?53?{{/U}}thefallout结果isgoing tobehorrible.??Ausubeldrawshisconclusionsbyanalysingthe amountofenergythatrenewablesnaturalgasandnuclei原子核can{{U}}?54 ?{{/U}}intermsofpowerpersquaremetreoflandused.Moreoverheclaims that{{U}}?55?{{/U}}renewableenergyuseincreasesthismeasureof efficiencywilldecreaseasthebestlandforwindbiofuelsandsolarpower getsusedup.??Solarpowerismuchmore{{U}}?56 ?{{/U}}thanbiofuelintermsoftheareaoflandusedbutitwouldstill{{U}} ?57?{{/U}}150squarekilometresofphotovoltaic光电的cellstomatch theenergyproductionofthe1000MWnuclearplant.Inanotherexamplehe says{{U}}?58?{{/U}}the2005USelectricitydemandviawindpoweralone wouldneed780000squarekilometresanareathe{{U}}?59?{{/U}}of Texas.??Howeverseveralexpertsarehighlycriticalof Ausubel’s{{U}}?60?{{/U}}.JohnTurneroftheUSgovernment’sNational RenewableEnergyLaboratorysaysthateveniftheUSgotallofits{{U}} ?61?{{/U}}fromsolarenergyitwouldstillneedlessthanhalfthe amountoflandthathasbeenpavedover{{U}}?62?{{/U}}highways. Furtheritneednot{{U}}?63?{{/U}}upadditionalland.TheUScould getaquarterofitsenergyjustfromcoveringrooftopsofexistingbuildings hesays.??AccordingtoTurnerthesamedualusealso{{U}} ?64?{{/U}}towindpower.Thefootprintforwindisonly5%ofthe landthatit{{U}}?65?{{/U}}.Farmerscanstillfarmthelandthatthe turbinesareon.Turnersayslookingsolelyatlanduseisan oversimplificationoftheissue.
SolarStorm AttheendofOctober2003asuddensolarstormhittheearth.A.solarstormreferstothelargeamountsofchargedparticlesreleasedintospace______51thesolarenergyincreases.Thereleaseoftheenergy______52placealongwiththeactivityofthesunspotswithacycleof11years.Thistimethe______53ofthestormexceededexpectations. This______54ofintensesolarstormwascausedbytheeruptionofasolarflare闪光andtheejection喷发ofthesolarcorona日冠onOctober282003.Largeamountsofchargedparticlesmoved150000000kilometersthroughspacetowardthe______55in19hours.Theycouldaffectaircraftroaming漫游inspace. Thehigh-energyparticleswill______56someofthepartsofanaircraft.Theymayalsocauseittofail.High-energyparticlescanthreatenthesafetyofanaircraftatahighorbit.Ifanaircraftorbitsatalowerorbititis______57becauseitisundertheprotectionoftheearth’smagneticfield. Asolarstormnotonlyaffectsaircraftbutalsoisa______58totheenvironmentandhumans.Theaerosphereandmagneticfieldoftheearthcan______59humansfromultravioletradiationandX-rays.WhilemostoftheX-rays areabsorbedaftertheyentertheaerosphere大气层stillafewcan______60theground. Thegeomagneticstormcausedbythisroundofsolarstormreachesitshighestlevelonthetwo______61oftheearthwhichaffectselectricitysupplyofNorthAmerica.Overexposureto______62threatensthehealthofpassengersonplanesflyingoverthePolarRegions.Ifweflyintheskyduringsuchasolarstormit______63wereceivetentimestheX-rayradiation.It’sreallydamaging. Scientistssayasolareruptionislikethesunsneezingwhichwillmaketheearth______64acold.Thoughthisnaturalforceisirresistiblescientistscanstill______65itsmovementaccuratelybymonitoring.Facingsuccessivesolarstormshumanscan’tdroptheirguard
{{*HTML*}}下面的短文有15处空白请根据短文内容为每处空白确定1个最佳选项 ??????? ??????????? ?{{B}}DebateovertheUseofRenewableEnergy{{/B}}??Ausubelof RockefellerUniversityinNewYorkUSsaysthekeyrenewable可再生的energy sourcesincludingsunwindandbiofuelswouldallrequirevastamountsof landifdevelopeduptolargescaleproduction-unlikenuclearpower.Thatland wouldbefarbetter{{U}}?51?{{/U}}alonehesays.Renewableslook{{U}} ?52?{{/U}}whentheyarequitesmall.Butifwestartproducing renewableenergyonalarge{{U}}?53?{{/U}}thefallout结果isgoing tobehorrible.??Ausubeldrawshisconclusionsbyanalysingthe amountofenergythatrenewablesnaturalgasandnuclei原子核can{{U}}?54 ?{{/U}}intermsofpowerpersquaremetreoflandused.Moreoverheclaims that{{U}}?55?{{/U}}renewableenergyuseincreasesthismeasureof efficiencywilldecreaseasthebestlandforwindbiofuelsandsolarpower getsusedup.??Solarpowerismuchmore{{U}}?56 ?{{/U}}thanbiofuelintermsoftheareaoflandusedbutitwouldstill{{U}} ?57?{{/U}}150squarekilometresofphotovoltaic光电的cellstomatch theenergyproductionofthe1000MWnuclearplant.Inanotherexamplehe says{{U}}?58?{{/U}}the2005USelectricitydemandviawindpoweralone wouldneed780000squarekilometresanareathe{{U}}?59?{{/U}}of Texas.??Howeverseveralexpertsarehighlycriticalof Ausubel’s{{U}}?60?{{/U}}.JohnTurneroftheUSgovernment’sNational RenewableEnergyLaboratorysaysthateveniftheUSgotallofits{{U}} ?61?{{/U}}fromsolarenergyitwouldstillneedlessthanhalfthe amountoflandthathasbeenpavedover{{U}}?62?{{/U}}highways. Furtheritneednot{{U}}?63?{{/U}}upadditionalland.TheUScould getaquarterofitsenergyjustfromcoveringrooftopsofexistingbuildings hesays.??AccordingtoTurnerthesamedualusealso{{U}} ?64?{{/U}}towindpower.Thefootprintforwindisonly5%ofthe landthatit{{U}}?65?{{/U}}.Farmerscanstillfarmthelandthatthe turbinesareon.Turnersayslookingsolelyatlanduseisan oversimplificationoftheissue.
SolarStorm AttheendofOctober2003asuddensolarstormhittheearth.A.solarstormreferstothelargeamountsofchargedparticlesreleasedintospace______51thesolarenergyincreases.Thereleaseoftheenergy______52placealongwiththeactivityofthesunspotswithacycleof11years.Thistimethe______53ofthestormexceededexpectations. This______54ofintensesolarstormwascausedbytheeruptionofasolarflare闪光andtheejection喷发ofthesolarcorona日冠onOctober282003.Largeamountsofchargedparticlesmoved150000000kilometersthroughspacetowardthe______55in19hours.Theycouldaffectaircraftroaming漫游inspace. Thehigh-energyparticleswill______56someofthepartsofanaircraft.Theymayalsocauseittofail.High-energyparticlescanthreatenthesafetyofanaircraftatahighorbit.Ifanaircraftorbitsatalowerorbititis______57becauseitisundertheprotectionoftheearth’smagneticfield. Asolarstormnotonlyaffectsaircraftbutalsoisa______58totheenvironmentandhumans.Theaerosphereandmagneticfieldoftheearthcan______59humansfromultravioletradiationandX-rays.WhilemostoftheX-rays areabsorbedaftertheyentertheaerosphere大气层stillafewcan______60theground. Thegeomagneticstormcausedbythisroundofsolarstormreachesitshighestlevelonthetwo______61oftheearthwhichaffectselectricitysupplyofNorthAmerica.Overexposureto______62threatensthehealthofpassengersonplanesflyingoverthePolarRegions.Ifweflyintheskyduringsuchasolarstormit______63wereceivetentimestheX-rayradiation.It’sreallydamaging. Scientistssayasolareruptionislikethesunsneezingwhichwillmaketheearth______64acold.Thoughthisnaturalforceisirresistiblescientistscanstill______65itsmovementaccuratelybymonitoring.Facingsuccessivesolarstormshumanscan’tdroptheirguard
SolarStorm AttheendofOctober2003asuddensolarstormhittheearth.A.solarstormreferstothelargeamountsofchargedparticlesreleasedintospace______51thesolarenergyincreases.Thereleaseoftheenergy______52placealongwiththeactivityofthesunspotswithacycleof11years.Thistimethe______53ofthestormexceededexpectations. This______54ofintensesolarstormwascausedbytheeruptionofasolarflare闪光andtheejection喷发ofthesolarcorona日冠onOctober282003.Largeamountsofchargedparticlesmoved150000000kilometersthroughspacetowardthe______55in19hours.Theycouldaffectaircraftroaming漫游inspace. Thehigh-energyparticleswill______56someofthepartsofanaircraft.Theymayalsocauseittofail.High-energyparticlescanthreatenthesafetyofanaircraftatahighorbit.Ifanaircraftorbitsatalowerorbititis______57becauseitisundertheprotectionoftheearth’smagneticfield. Asolarstormnotonlyaffectsaircraftbutalsoisa______58totheenvironmentandhumans.Theaerosphereandmagneticfieldoftheearthcan______59humansfromultravioletradiationandX-rays.WhilemostoftheX-rays areabsorbedaftertheyentertheaerosphere大气层stillafewcan______60theground. Thegeomagneticstormcausedbythisroundofsolarstormreachesitshighestlevelonthetwo______61oftheearthwhichaffectselectricitysupplyofNorthAmerica.Overexposureto______62threatensthehealthofpassengersonplanesflyingoverthePolarRegions.Ifweflyintheskyduringsuchasolarstormit______63wereceivetentimestheX-rayradiation.It’sreallydamaging. Scientistssayasolareruptionislikethesunsneezingwhichwillmaketheearth______64acold.Thoughthisnaturalforceisirresistiblescientistscanstill______65itsmovementaccuratelybymonitoring.Facingsuccessivesolarstormshumanscan’tdroptheirguard
第一篇 IstheTieaNecessity TiesornecktieshavebeenasymbolofpolitenessandeleganceinBritainforcenturies.ButthecasualPrimeMinisterTonyBlairhasproblemswiththem.Reportssuggestthateventhecivilservantsmaystopwearingties.SoarethefamouslyformalBritishreallygoingtoabandontheneckties Maybe.LastweektheUK’sCabinetSecretaryAndrewTurnbullopenlywelcomedatielessera.Hehintedthatcivilservantswouldsoonbetreeofthecostliest12inchesoffabricthatmostmeneverbuyintheirlives. InfactBlairshowedthisattitudewhenhehadhisfirstgueststoacocktailparty.Manyofthemwerecelebrities知名人士withouttieswhichwouldhavebeenunimaginableevenintherecentpast. ForsomemoreconservativeBritishthetieisamustforproperappearance.EarlierLaborleaderJimCallaghansaidhewouldhavediedratherthanhavehischildrenseeninpublicwithoutatie.ForpeoplelikeCallaghanthetilewasasignofbeingcompleteofshowingrespect.Menweresupposedtowearatiewhengoingtochurchtoworkintheofficetoaparty-almosteverysocialoccasion. Buttodaypeoplehavebeguntoacceptacasualstyleevenforformaloccasions. Theoriginofthetieistricky.ItstartedassomethingcalledsimplyabandThetermcouldmeananythingaroundaman’sneck.Itappearedinfinerwaysinthe1630s.Frenchmenshowedaloveofthisparticularfashionstatement.Theirneckwear颈饰impressedCharlesIIthekingofEnglandwhowasexiled流放toFranceatthattime.WhenhereturnedtoEnglandin1660hebroughtthisnewfashionitemalongwithhim. Itwasn’thoweveruntilthelate18thcenturythatfancyyoungmenintroducedamorecolorfulflowingpieceofcloththateventuallybecameknownasthetie.Thenclubsmilitaryinstitutionsandschoolsbegantousecoloredandpatternedtiestoindicatethewearer’smembershipinthelate19thcentury.AfterthatthetiebecameanecessaryitemofclothingforBritishgentlemen. Butnowevengentlemenaregettingtiredofties.Anywaythedayfeelsabiteasierwhenyouwakeupwithouthavingtodecidewhichtiesuitsyouandyourmood. Thetiesymbolizesallofthefollowingexcept
Francehaskept{{U}}intimate{{/U}}linkswithitsformerAfricanterritories.
SolarStorm AttheendofOctober2003asuddensolarstormhittheearth.A.solarstormreferstothelargeamountsofchargedparticlesreleasedintospace______51thesolarenergyincreases.Thereleaseoftheenergy______52placealongwiththeactivityofthesunspotswithacycleof11years.Thistimethe______53ofthestormexceededexpectations. This______54ofintensesolarstormwascausedbytheeruptionofasolarflare闪光andtheejection喷发ofthesolarcorona日冠onOctober282003.Largeamountsofchargedparticlesmoved150000000kilometersthroughspacetowardthe______55in19hours.Theycouldaffectaircraftroaming漫游inspace. Thehigh-energyparticleswill______56someofthepartsofanaircraft.Theymayalsocauseittofail.High-energyparticlescanthreatenthesafetyofanaircraftatahighorbit.Ifanaircraftorbitsatalowerorbititis______57becauseitisundertheprotectionoftheearth’smagneticfield. Asolarstormnotonlyaffectsaircraftbutalsoisa______58totheenvironmentandhumans.Theaerosphereandmagneticfieldoftheearthcan______59humansfromultravioletradiationandX-rays.WhilemostoftheX-rays areabsorbedaftertheyentertheaerosphere大气层stillafewcan______60theground. Thegeomagneticstormcausedbythisroundofsolarstormreachesitshighestlevelonthetwo______61oftheearthwhichaffectselectricitysupplyofNorthAmerica.Overexposureto______62threatensthehealthofpassengersonplanesflyingoverthePolarRegions.Ifweflyintheskyduringsuchasolarstormit______63wereceivetentimestheX-rayradiation.It’sreallydamaging. Scientistssayasolareruptionislikethesunsneezingwhichwillmaketheearth______64acold.Thoughthisnaturalforceisirresistiblescientistscanstill______65itsmovementaccuratelybymonitoring.Facingsuccessivesolarstormshumanscan’tdroptheirguard
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