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第一篇 Is the Tie a Necessity？ Ties， or neckties， have been a symbol of politeness and elegance in...
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第一篇HowtoBeaSuccessfulBusinessperson Haveyoueverwonderedwhysomepeoplearesuccessfulinbusinessandothersarenot?Here’sastoryaboutonesuccessfulbusinessperson.Hestartedoutwashingdishesandtodayheowns168restaurants. Zubair-KaziwasborninBhatkalasmalltowninsouthwestIndia.Hisdreamwastobeanairplanepilotandwhenhewas16yearsoldhelearnedtoflyasmallplane. Attheageof23andwithjustalittlemoneyinhispocketMr.KazimovedtotheUnitedStates.HehopedtogetajobintheairplaneindustryinCalifornia.Insteadheendedupworkingforacompanythatrentedcars. WhileMr.Kaziwasworkingatthecarrental租赁的companyhefrequentlyateatanearbyKFCrestaurant.TosavemoneyonfoodhedecidedtogetajobwithKFC.Fortwomonthsheworkedasacook’sassistant.Hisjobwastocleanthekitchenandhelpthecook.Ididn’tlikeitMr.KazisaysbutIalwaysdidthebestIcould. OnedayMr.Kazi’stwoco-workersfailedtocometowork.ThatdayMr.Kazididtheworkofallthreepeopleinthekitchen.Thisreallyimpressedtheownersoftherestaurant. Afewmonthslatertheownersneededamanagerforanewrestaurant.TheygavethejobtoMr.Kazi.Heworkedhardasthemanagerandsoontherestaurantwasmakingaprofit. AfewyearslaterMr.Kaziheardaboutarestaurantthatwaslosingmoney.Therestaurantwasdirtyinsideandthefoodwasterrible.Mr.Kaziborrowedmoneyfromabankandboughttherestaurant.ForthefirstsixmonthsMr.Kaziworkedintherestaurantfrom8a.m.to10p.m.sevendaysaweek.Heandhiswifecleaneduptherestaurantremodeledthefrontofthebuildingandimprovedthecooking.Theyalsotriedhardtopleasethecustomers.lfsomeonehadtowaitmorethantenminutesfortheirfoodMrs.Kazigavethemafreesoda.Beforelongtherestaurantwasmakingaprofit. AyearlaterMr.Kazisoldhisrestaurantforaprofit.Withthemoneyheearnedheboughtthreemorerestaurantsthatwerelosingmoney.Againhecleanedthemupimprovedthefoodandretrainedtheemployees.Beforelongtheserestaurantsweremakingaprofittoo. TodayMr.Kaziowns168restaurantsbutheisn’tplanningtostopthere.He’slookingformorepoorlymanagedrestaurantstobuy.IloveitwhenIgotobuyarestaurantandfindit’samessMr.Kazisays.Theonlywayitcangoisup.Mr.KazidecidedtoworkwithKFCto
LakesTooFeelGlobalWarming There’snodoubt:InthelastfewdecadestheaveragetemperatureonEarthhasbeenhigherthanit’sbeeninhundredsofyears.Aroundtheworldpeoplearestartingtomeasuretheeffectsofglobalwarming—andtryingtofigureoutwhattodoaboutit. Scientistsrecentlyusedsatellitestostudythetemperaturesoflakesaroundtheworldandtheyfoundthatlakesareheatingup.Between1985and2009satellitesrecordedthenighttimetemperaturesofthesurfacesof167lakes.Duringthose24yearsthelakesgotwarmer—byanaverageofabout0.045degreeCelsiusperyear. Insomeplaceslakeshavebeenwarmingbyasmuchas0.10degreeCelsiusperyear.AtthatratealakemaywarmbyafulldegreeCelsiusor1.8degreesFahrenheitinjust10years.Thatdifferencemayseemsmall—youmightnotevennoticeitinyourbathtub.Butinalakeslightlywarmertemperaturescouldmeanmorealgaeandalgaecanmakethelakepoisonoustofish. ThescientistswhodidthestudyworkforNASA’sJetPropulsionLaboratoryattheCaliforniaInstituteofTechnologyinPasadena.TheyreportthatlakesseemtobewarmingfasterinthenorthernpartsoftheNorthernHemisphere.IntheUnitedStateslakesinthesouthwesternpartofthecountrywarmedfasterthandidtheGreatLakesinthenorth. Thestudyshowsthatinsomeregionslakesarewarmingfasterthantheairaroundthem.ThisisimportantbecausescientistsoftenusemeasurementsofairtemperaturetostudyhowtheEarthiswarming.Byusinglaketemperaturesaswellscientistscangetabetterpictureofglobalwarming.Thescientistssaydataonlakesgivescientistsanewwaytomeasuretheimpactofclimatechangearoundtheworld. That’sgoingtobeusefulsincenocountryistoobigortoosmalltoignoreclimatechange.Scientistsaren’ttheonlyonesconcerned.EveryonewholivesonEarthisgoingtobeaffectedbytherapidwarmingoftheplanet.Manyworldleadersbelievewemightbeabletodosomethingaboutitespeciallybyreducingtheamountofgreenhousegasesweputintotheair. That’swhytheUnitedNationsstartedtheFrameworkConventiononClimateChangeorUNFCCC.Everyyeartheconventionmeetsandrepresentativesfromcountriesaroundtheworldgathertotalkaboutclimatechangeanddiscussglobalsolutionstothechallengesofawarmingworld.LakesseemtobewarmingfasterinAsia.
SharksPerformaServiceforEarth’sWaters Itishardtogetpeopletothinkofsharksasanythingbutadeadlyenemy.Theyarethoughtto51peoplefrequently.Althoughthesefishperformavaluable52forearth’swatersandforhumanbeingsbusinessandsportfishingarethreateningtheir53.AsaresultsomesharksareatriskofdisappearingfromEarth. Warmweathermayinfluencebothfishandshark54.Manyfishswimnearcoastalareasbecauseoftheir55waters.Expertssaysharksmayfollowthefishintothesameareas56peoplealsoswim.Infactmostsharksdonotpurposelychargeatorbitehumans.Theyarethoughttomistakeaperson57aseaanimalsuchasaseal海豹orsealion.Thatiswhypeopleshouldnotswimintheoceanwhenthesungoesdownorcomesupbecausethosearethetimeswhensharksarelookingfor58.Expertsalsosaythatbrightcolorsandshinyjewelry珠宝maycausesharkstoattack. Asharkhasanextremely’goodsenseof59withwhichitcanfindsmallamountsofsubstancesinwatersuchasbloodbodyliquidsandchemicals60byanimals.Thesepowerfulsenseshelpsharksfindtheirfood.Sharkseatfishany61sharksandplantsthatliveintheocean. Medicalresearcherswanttolearnmoreabouttheshark’sbodydefenseandimmune免疫的62againstdisease.Researchersknowthatsharks63quicklyfrominjuries.Theystudythesharkinhopesoffindingawaytofighthumandisease. Sharksareimportantfortheworld’soceansastheyeatinjuredanddiseasedfish.Their64activitiesmeanthatthenumbersofotherfishinoceanwatersdonotbecometoo65.Thisprotectstheplantsandotherformsoflifethatexistintheoceans.
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SharksPerformaServiceforEarth’sWaters Itishardtogetpeopletothinkofsharksasanythingbutadeadlyenemy.Theyarethoughtto51peoplefrequently.Althoughthesefishperformavaluable52forearth’swatersandforhumanbeingsbusinessandsportfishingarethreateningtheir53.AsaresultsomesharksareatriskofdisappearingfromEarth. Warmweathermayinfluencebothfishandshark54.Manyfishswimnearcoastalareasbecauseoftheir55waters.Expertssaysharksmayfollowthefishintothesameareas56peoplealsoswim.Infactmostsharksdonotpurposelychargeatorbitehumans.Theyarethoughttomistakeaperson57aseaanimalsuchasaseal海豹orsealion.Thatiswhypeopleshouldnotswimintheoceanwhenthesungoesdownorcomesupbecausethosearethetimeswhensharksarelookingfor58.Expertsalsosaythatbrightcolorsandshinyjewelry珠宝maycausesharkstoattack. Asharkhasanextremely’goodsenseof59withwhichitcanfindsmallamountsofsubstancesinwatersuchasbloodbodyliquidsandchemicals60byanimals.Thesepowerfulsenseshelpsharksfindtheirfood.Sharkseatfishany61sharksandplantsthatliveintheocean. Medicalresearcherswanttolearnmoreabouttheshark’sbodydefenseandimmune免疫的62againstdisease.Researchersknowthatsharks63quicklyfrominjuries.Theystudythesharkinhopesoffindingawaytofighthumandisease. Sharksareimportantfortheworld’soceansastheyeatinjuredanddiseasedfish.Their64activitiesmeanthatthenumbersofotherfishinoceanwatersdonotbecometoo65.Thisprotectstheplantsandotherformsoflifethatexistintheoceans.
LakesTooFeelGlobalWarming There’snodoubt:InthelastfewdecadestheaveragetemperatureonEarthhasbeenhigherthanit’sbeeninhundredsofyears.Aroundtheworldpeoplearestartingtomeasuretheeffectsofglobalwarming—andtryingtofigureoutwhattodoaboutit. Scientistsrecentlyusedsatellitestostudythetemperaturesoflakesaroundtheworldandtheyfoundthatlakesareheatingup.Between1985and2009satellitesrecordedthenighttimetemperaturesofthesurfacesof167lakes.Duringthose24yearsthelakesgotwarmer—byanaverageofabout0.045degreeCelsiusperyear. Insomeplaceslakeshavebeenwarmingbyasmuchas0.10degreeCelsiusperyear.AtthatratealakemaywarmbyafulldegreeCelsiusor1.8degreesFahrenheitinjust10years.Thatdifferencemayseemsmall—youmightnotevennoticeitinyourbathtub.Butinalakeslightlywarmertemperaturescouldmeanmorealgaeandalgaecanmakethelakepoisonoustofish. ThescientistswhodidthestudyworkforNASA’sJetPropulsionLaboratoryattheCaliforniaInstituteofTechnologyinPasadena.TheyreportthatlakesseemtobewarmingfasterinthenorthernpartsoftheNorthernHemisphere.IntheUnitedStateslakesinthesouthwesternpartofthecountrywarmedfasterthandidtheGreatLakesinthenorth. Thestudyshowsthatinsomeregionslakesarewarmingfasterthantheairaroundthem.ThisisimportantbecausescientistsoftenusemeasurementsofairtemperaturetostudyhowtheEarthiswarming.Byusinglaketemperaturesaswellscientistscangetabetterpictureofglobalwarming.Thescientistssaydataonlakesgivescientistsanewwaytomeasuretheimpactofclimatechangearoundtheworld. That’sgoingtobeusefulsincenocountryistoobigortoosmalltoignoreclimatechange.Scientistsaren’ttheonlyonesconcerned.EveryonewholivesonEarthisgoingtobeaffectedbytherapidwarmingoftheplanet.Manyworldleadersbelievewemightbeabletodosomethingaboutitespeciallybyreducingtheamountofgreenhousegasesweputintotheair. That’swhytheUnitedNationsstartedtheFrameworkConventiononClimateChangeorUNFCCC.Everyyeartheconventionmeetsandrepresentativesfromcountriesaroundtheworldgathertotalkaboutclimatechangeanddiscussglobalsolutionstothechallengesofawarmingworld.Scientistsgenerallyfocusonairtemperatureswhenstudyingglobalwarming.
LakesTooFeelGlobalWarming There’snodoubt:InthelastfewdecadestheaveragetemperatureonEarthhasbeenhigherthanit’sbeeninhundredsofyears.Aroundtheworldpeoplearestartingtomeasuretheeffectsofglobalwarming—andtryingtofigureoutwhattodoaboutit. Scientistsrecentlyusedsatellitestostudythetemperaturesoflakesaroundtheworldandtheyfoundthatlakesareheatingup.Between1985and2009satellitesrecordedthenighttimetemperaturesofthesurfacesof167lakes.Duringthose24yearsthelakesgotwarmer—byanaverageofabout0.045degreeCelsiusperyear. Insomeplaceslakeshavebeenwarmingbyasmuchas0.10degreeCelsiusperyear.AtthatratealakemaywarmbyafulldegreeCelsiusor1.8degreesFahrenheitinjust10years.Thatdifferencemayseemsmall—youmightnotevennoticeitinyourbathtub.Butinalakeslightlywarmertemperaturescouldmeanmorealgaeandalgaecanmakethelakepoisonoustofish. ThescientistswhodidthestudyworkforNASA’sJetPropulsionLaboratoryattheCaliforniaInstituteofTechnologyinPasadena.TheyreportthatlakesseemtobewarmingfasterinthenorthernpartsoftheNorthernHemisphere.IntheUnitedStateslakesinthesouthwesternpartofthecountrywarmedfasterthandidtheGreatLakesinthenorth. Thestudyshowsthatinsomeregionslakesarewarmingfasterthantheairaroundthem.ThisisimportantbecausescientistsoftenusemeasurementsofairtemperaturetostudyhowtheEarthiswarming.Byusinglaketemperaturesaswellscientistscangetabetterpictureofglobalwarming.Thescientistssaydataonlakesgivescientistsanewwaytomeasuretheimpactofclimatechangearoundtheworld. That’sgoingtobeusefulsincenocountryistoobigortoosmalltoignoreclimatechange.Scientistsaren’ttheonlyonesconcerned.EveryonewholivesonEarthisgoingtobeaffectedbytherapidwarmingoftheplanet.Manyworldleadersbelievewemightbeabletodosomethingaboutitespeciallybyreducingtheamountofgreenhousegasesweputintotheair. That’swhytheUnitedNationsstartedtheFrameworkConventiononClimateChangeorUNFCCC.Everyyeartheconventionmeetsandrepresentativesfromcountriesaroundtheworldgathertotalkaboutclimatechangeanddiscussglobalsolutionstothechallengesofawarmingworld.Scientisthavebeenkeepingrecordsoflaketemperaturesforover30years.
第三篇 TheRobotMan AccordingtoHansMoravecuniversalrobotswilltakeoverallthephysical Withincreasingautomationingenerationstwoandthreethelengthof theaverageworkingdaywillplunneteventuallytonearzero.Mostpeople willbeunemployedarobotstakeovernotjustprimaryindustrybutthe serviceeconomytoo.Moravecseethefourthgenerationasanopportunityto surpassourhumanlimitations. Thesefuturemachineswillbeourmindchildren.Likebiological childrenpreviousgenerationstheywillembodyhumanity’sbesthopefora long-termfuture. Thewordplummetinparagraph6means
第一篇HowtoBeaSuccessfulBusinessperson Haveyoueverwonderedwhysomepeoplearesuccessfulinbusinessandothersarenot?Here’sastoryaboutonesuccessfulbusinessperson.Hestartedoutwashingdishesandtodayheowns168restaurants. Zubair-KaziwasborninBhatkalasmalltowninsouthwestIndia.Hisdreamwastobeanairplanepilotandwhenhewas16yearsoldhelearnedtoflyasmallplane. Attheageof23andwithjustalittlemoneyinhispocketMr.KazimovedtotheUnitedStates.HehopedtogetajobintheairplaneindustryinCalifornia.Insteadheendedupworkingforacompanythatrentedcars. WhileMr.Kaziwasworkingatthecarrental租赁的companyhefrequentlyateatanearbyKFCrestaurant.TosavemoneyonfoodhedecidedtogetajobwithKFC.Fortwomonthsheworkedasacook’sassistant.Hisjobwastocleanthekitchenandhelpthecook.Ididn’tlikeitMr.KazisaysbutIalwaysdidthebestIcould. OnedayMr.Kazi’stwoco-workersfailedtocometowork.ThatdayMr.Kazididtheworkofallthreepeopleinthekitchen.Thisreallyimpressedtheownersoftherestaurant. Afewmonthslatertheownersneededamanagerforanewrestaurant.TheygavethejobtoMr.Kazi.Heworkedhardasthemanagerandsoontherestaurantwasmakingaprofit. AfewyearslaterMr.Kaziheardaboutarestaurantthatwaslosingmoney.Therestaurantwasdirtyinsideandthefoodwasterrible.Mr.Kaziborrowedmoneyfromabankandboughttherestaurant.ForthefirstsixmonthsMr.Kaziworkedintherestaurantfrom8a.m.to10p.m.sevendaysaweek.Heandhiswifecleaneduptherestaurantremodeledthefrontofthebuildingandimprovedthecooking.Theyalsotriedhardtopleasethecustomers.lfsomeonehadtowaitmorethantenminutesfortheirfoodMrs.Kazigavethemafreesoda.Beforelongtherestaurantwasmakingaprofit. AyearlaterMr.Kazisoldhisrestaurantforaprofit.Withthemoneyheearnedheboughtthreemorerestaurantsthatwerelosingmoney.Againhecleanedthemupimprovedthefoodandretrainedtheemployees.Beforelongtheserestaurantsweremakingaprofittoo. TodayMr.Kaziowns168restaurantsbutheisn’tplanningtostopthere.He’slookingformorepoorlymanagedrestaurantstobuy.IloveitwhenIgotobuyarestaurantandfindit’samessMr.Kazisays.Theonlywayitcangoisup.TosaveafailingrestaurantMr.KazididallthefollowingthingsEXCEPTto
LakesTooFeelGlobalWarming There’snodoubt:InthelastfewdecadestheaveragetemperatureonEarthhasbeenhigherthanit’sbeeninhundredsofyears.Aroundtheworldpeoplearestartingtomeasuretheeffectsofglobalwarming—andtryingtofigureoutwhattodoaboutit. Scientistsrecentlyusedsatellitestostudythetemperaturesoflakesaroundtheworldandtheyfoundthatlakesareheatingup.Between1985and2009satellitesrecordedthenighttimetemperaturesofthesurfacesof167lakes.Duringthose24yearsthelakesgotwarmer—byanaverageofabout0.045degreeCelsiusperyear. Insomeplaceslakeshavebeenwarmingbyasmuchas0.10degreeCelsiusperyear.AtthatratealakemaywarmbyafulldegreeCelsiusor1.8degreesFahrenheitinjust10years.Thatdifferencemayseemsmall—youmightnotevennoticeitinyourbathtub.Butinalakeslightlywarmertemperaturescouldmeanmorealgaeandalgaecanmakethelakepoisonoustofish. ThescientistswhodidthestudyworkforNASA’sJetPropulsionLaboratoryattheCaliforniaInstituteofTechnologyinPasadena.TheyreportthatlakesseemtobewarmingfasterinthenorthernpartsoftheNorthernHemisphere.IntheUnitedStateslakesinthesouthwesternpartofthecountrywarmedfasterthandidtheGreatLakesinthenorth. Thestudyshowsthatinsomeregionslakesarewarmingfasterthantheairaroundthem.ThisisimportantbecausescientistsoftenusemeasurementsofairtemperaturetostudyhowtheEarthiswarming.Byusinglaketemperaturesaswellscientistscangetabetterpictureofglobalwarming.Thescientistssaydataonlakesgivescientistsanewwaytomeasuretheimpactofclimatechangearoundtheworld. That’sgoingtobeusefulsincenocountryistoobigortoosmalltoignoreclimatechange.Scientistsaren’ttheonlyonesconcerned.EveryonewholivesonEarthisgoingtobeaffectedbytherapidwarmingoftheplanet.Manyworldleadersbelievewemightbeabletodosomethingaboutitespeciallybyreducingtheamountofgreenhousegasesweputintotheair. That’swhytheUnitedNationsstartedtheFrameworkConventiononClimateChangeorUNFCCC.Everyyeartheconventionmeetsandrepresentativesfromcountriesaroundtheworldgathertotalkaboutclimatechangeanddiscussglobalsolutionstothechallengesofawarmingworld.UNFCCC’sannualmeetingwillbeheldinMexicothisyear.
SharksPerformaServiceforEarth’sWaters Itishardtogetpeopletothinkofsharksasanythingbutadeadlyenemy.Theyarethoughtto51peoplefrequently.Althoughthesefishperformavaluable52forearth’swatersandforhumanbeingsbusinessandsportfishingarethreateningtheir53.AsaresultsomesharksareatriskofdisappearingfromEarth. Warmweathermayinfluencebothfishandshark54.Manyfishswimnearcoastalareasbecauseoftheir55waters.Expertssaysharksmayfollowthefishintothesameareas56peoplealsoswim.Infactmostsharksdonotpurposelychargeatorbitehumans.Theyarethoughttomistakeaperson57aseaanimalsuchasaseal海豹orsealion.Thatiswhypeopleshouldnotswimintheoceanwhenthesungoesdownorcomesupbecausethosearethetimeswhensharksarelookingfor58.Expertsalsosaythatbrightcolorsandshinyjewelry珠宝maycausesharkstoattack. Asharkhasanextremely’goodsenseof59withwhichitcanfindsmallamountsofsubstancesinwatersuchasbloodbodyliquidsandchemicals60byanimals.Thesepowerfulsenseshelpsharksfindtheirfood.Sharkseatfishany61sharksandplantsthatliveintheocean. Medicalresearcherswanttolearnmoreabouttheshark’sbodydefenseandimmune免疫的62againstdisease.Researchersknowthatsharks63quicklyfrominjuries.Theystudythesharkinhopesoffindingawaytofighthumandisease. Sharksareimportantfortheworld’soceansastheyeatinjuredanddiseasedfish.Their64activitiesmeanthatthenumbersofotherfishinoceanwatersdonotbecometoo65.Thisprotectstheplantsandotherformsoflifethatexistintheoceans.
第二篇TheBookofLife Sofarscientistshavenamedabout1.8millionlivingspecies物种andthat’sjustafractionofwhatprobablyexistsonEarth.Withsomanyplantsanimalsandothercreaturescoveringtheplanetitcanbetoughtofigureoutwhattypeofspiderismovingupyourlegorwhatkindofbirdisflyingby. Asoon-to-be-launchedWebsitemighthelp.Aninternationalteamofresearchershas announcedthecreationofaWeb-basedEncyclopediaofLifeEoL.TheprojectaimstocatalogeveryspeciesonEarthinasingleeasy-to-usereferenceguide. Togettheencyclopediastartedthecreatorswilluseinformationfromscientificdatabasesthatalreadyexist.Andeventuallyinspecialsectionsofthesitenonscientistswithspecializedknowledgewillgettojoinin.Bird-watchersforexamplewillbeabletoinputwhichbirdsthey’veseenandwhere.Thetechnologyforthiskindoftoolhasonlyrecentlybecomeavailable. AstheEoLdevelopsyoumightfinditusefulforschoolprojects.Thesitewillfeaturespecialpagesforkidswhoarestudyingecosystems生态系统intheirneighborhoods.Tomakesuretheencyclopediaisaccuratescientistswillreviewmuchoftheinformationaddedtoit.Peoplewhovisitthesitewillbeabletochoosetoleaveoutpagesthathaven’tbeenreviewed. AnotherconvenientfeatureoftheEoListhatyou’llbeabletopickthelevelofdetailyouseetomatchyourinterestsageandcurrentknowledge.Ifyouwantedtolearnaboutbearsforascienceclassreportforexampleyoucouldusethenovicesettingtogetbasicinformationabouttheanimals.Ontheexpertsettingontheotherhandyoucouldgetmuchmoredetailedinformationaboutthehistoryliteratureandexplorationofbears. Itnowtakesyearsforscientiststocollectallthedatatheyneedtodescribeandanalyzespecies.ThecreatorsoftheEncyclopediaofLifehopethattheirnewtoolwillspeedthatprocess.AtthestartingstagetheEoLwillgetinformationfrom
SharksPerformaServiceforEarth’sWaters Itishardtogetpeopletothinkofsharksasanythingbutadeadlyenemy.Theyarethoughtto51peoplefrequently.Althoughthesefishperformavaluable52forearth’swatersandforhumanbeingsbusinessandsportfishingarethreateningtheir53.AsaresultsomesharksareatriskofdisappearingfromEarth. Warmweathermayinfluencebothfishandshark54.Manyfishswimnearcoastalareasbecauseoftheir55waters.Expertssaysharksmayfollowthefishintothesameareas56peoplealsoswim.Infactmostsharksdonotpurposelychargeatorbitehumans.Theyarethoughttomistakeaperson57aseaanimalsuchasaseal海豹orsealion.Thatiswhypeopleshouldnotswimintheoceanwhenthesungoesdownorcomesupbecausethosearethetimeswhensharksarelookingfor58.Expertsalsosaythatbrightcolorsandshinyjewelry珠宝maycausesharkstoattack. Asharkhasanextremely’goodsenseof59withwhichitcanfindsmallamountsofsubstancesinwatersuchasbloodbodyliquidsandchemicals60byanimals.Thesepowerfulsenseshelpsharksfindtheirfood.Sharkseatfishany61sharksandplantsthatliveintheocean. Medicalresearcherswanttolearnmoreabouttheshark’sbodydefenseandimmune免疫的62againstdisease.Researchersknowthatsharks63quicklyfrominjuries.Theystudythesharkinhopesoffindingawaytofighthumandisease. Sharksareimportantfortheworld’soceansastheyeatinjuredanddiseasedfish.Their64activitiesmeanthatthenumbersofotherfishinoceanwatersdonotbecometoo65.Thisprotectstheplantsandotherformsoflifethatexistintheoceans.
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第三篇WeavingwithLight IntheSierraMadremountainrangeofwestcentralMexicothenativeHuicholpeoplelivemuchthewaytheirancestorsdid—withoutelectricity.That’sbecauseit’stooexpensivetostringpowerlinestotheremotemountainareaswheretheylive.TohelpsupportthemselvestheHuicholcreatebeautifulartwork.Theyselltheirartincitieshundredsofmilesawayfromtheirvillages.Andwithoutelectricity—athomeorontheroadtheycanonlyworkduringdaylighthours.Whenitgetsdarktheymuststopwhateverthey’redoing. NowateamofscientistsdesignersandarchitectsisusingnewtechnologiestoprovidetheHuicholwithlightafterthesunsets.Thescientists’techniqueinvolvesweavingtinyelectroniccrystalsintofabricsthatcanbemadeintoclothesbagsorotheritems. Bycollectingthesun’senergyduringthedaytheselightweightfabricsprovidebrightwhitelightatnight.TheirinventorshavenamedthefabricsPortableLights.PortableLightshavethepotentialtotransformthelivesofpeoplewithoutelectricityaroundtheworldsaysprojectleaderSheilaKennedy. OurinventionKennedysayscamefromseeinghowwecouldtransformtechnologywesaweverydayintheUnitedStatesandmoveitintonewmarketsforpeoplewhodidn’thavealotofmoney. AtthecoreofPortableLighttechnologyaredevicescalledhigh-brightnesslight-emittingdiodesorHBLEDs.Thesetinylightsappearindigitalclockstelevisionsandstreetlights. LEDsarecompletelydifferentfromthelightbulbs.Mostofthoseglassbulbsbelongtoatypecalledincandescentlights.Insideelectricityheatsametalcoiltoabout2200degreesCelsius.Atthattemperaturebulbsgiveofflightwecansee. Ninetypercentofenergyproducedbyincandescentlightshoweverisheat-and invisible.Withallthatwastedenergybulbsburnoutquickly.Theyarealsoeasilybroken. LEDsontheotherhandareliketinypiecesofrockmadeupofmoleculesthatarearrangedinacrystalstructure.WhenanelectriccurrentpassesthroughanLEDthecrystalstructureproduceslight.Unlikeincandescentbulbstheycanproducelightofvariouscolors.WithinanLEDthetypeofmoleculesandtheirparticulararrangementdetermineswhatcolorisproduced.TomakealivingtheHuicholcreateartworkand
第二篇TheBookofLife Sofarscientistshavenamedabout1.8millionlivingspecies物种andthat’sjustafractionofwhatprobablyexistsonEarth.Withsomanyplantsanimalsandothercreaturescoveringtheplanetitcanbetoughtofigureoutwhattypeofspiderismovingupyourlegorwhatkindofbirdisflyingby. Asoon-to-be-launchedWebsitemighthelp.Aninternationalteamofresearchershas announcedthecreationofaWeb-basedEncyclopediaofLifeEoL.TheprojectaimstocatalogeveryspeciesonEarthinasingleeasy-to-usereferenceguide. Togettheencyclopediastartedthecreatorswilluseinformationfromscientificdatabasesthatalreadyexist.Andeventuallyinspecialsectionsofthesitenonscientistswithspecializedknowledgewillgettojoinin.Bird-watchersforexamplewillbeabletoinputwhichbirdsthey’veseenandwhere.Thetechnologyforthiskindoftoolhasonlyrecentlybecomeavailable. AstheEoLdevelopsyoumightfinditusefulforschoolprojects.Thesitewillfeaturespecialpagesforkidswhoarestudyingecosystems生态系统intheirneighborhoods.Tomakesuretheencyclopediaisaccuratescientistswillreviewmuchoftheinformationaddedtoit.Peoplewhovisitthesitewillbeabletochoosetoleaveoutpagesthathaven’tbeenreviewed. AnotherconvenientfeatureoftheEoListhatyou’llbeabletopickthelevelofdetailyouseetomatchyourinterestsageandcurrentknowledge.Ifyouwantedtolearnaboutbearsforascienceclassreportforexampleyoucouldusethenovicesettingtogetbasicinformationabouttheanimals.Ontheexpertsettingontheotherhandyoucouldgetmuchmoredetailedinformationaboutthehistoryliteratureandexplorationofbears. Itnowtakesyearsforscientiststocollectallthedatatheyneedtodescribeandanalyzespecies.ThecreatorsoftheEncyclopediaofLifehopethattheirnewtoolwillspeedthatprocess.Spiderandbirdmentionedinparagraph1areexamplestoillustrate
SharksPerformaServiceforEarth’sWaters Itishardtogetpeopletothinkofsharksasanythingbutadeadlyenemy.Theyarethoughtto51peoplefrequently.Althoughthesefishperformavaluable52forearth’swatersandforhumanbeingsbusinessandsportfishingarethreateningtheir53.AsaresultsomesharksareatriskofdisappearingfromEarth. Warmweathermayinfluencebothfishandshark54.Manyfishswimnearcoastalareasbecauseoftheir55waters.Expertssaysharksmayfollowthefishintothesameareas56peoplealsoswim.Infactmostsharksdonotpurposelychargeatorbitehumans.Theyarethoughttomistakeaperson57aseaanimalsuchasaseal海豹orsealion.Thatiswhypeopleshouldnotswimintheoceanwhenthesungoesdownorcomesupbecausethosearethetimeswhensharksarelookingfor58.Expertsalsosaythatbrightcolorsandshinyjewelry珠宝maycausesharkstoattack. Asharkhasanextremely’goodsenseof59withwhichitcanfindsmallamountsofsubstancesinwatersuchasbloodbodyliquidsandchemicals60byanimals.Thesepowerfulsenseshelpsharksfindtheirfood.Sharkseatfishany61sharksandplantsthatliveintheocean. Medicalresearcherswanttolearnmoreabouttheshark’sbodydefenseandimmune免疫的62againstdisease.Researchersknowthatsharks63quicklyfrominjuries.Theystudythesharkinhopesoffindingawaytofighthumandisease. Sharksareimportantfortheworld’soceansastheyeatinjuredanddiseasedfish.Their64activitiesmeanthatthenumbersofotherfishinoceanwatersdonotbecometoo65.Thisprotectstheplantsandotherformsoflifethatexistintheoceans.
第二篇TheBookofLife Sofarscientistshavenamedabout1.8millionlivingspecies物种andthat’sjustafractionofwhatprobablyexistsonEarth.Withsomanyplantsanimalsandothercreaturescoveringtheplanetitcanbetoughtofigureoutwhattypeofspiderismovingupyourlegorwhatkindofbirdisflyingby. Asoon-to-be-launchedWebsitemighthelp.Aninternationalteamofresearchershas announcedthecreationofaWeb-basedEncyclopediaofLifeEoL.TheprojectaimstocatalogeveryspeciesonEarthinasingleeasy-to-usereferenceguide. Togettheencyclopediastartedthecreatorswilluseinformationfromscientificdatabasesthatalreadyexist.Andeventuallyinspecialsectionsofthesitenonscientistswithspecializedknowledgewillgettojoinin.Bird-watchersforexamplewillbeabletoinputwhichbirdsthey’veseenandwhere.Thetechnologyforthiskindoftoolhasonlyrecentlybecomeavailable. AstheEoLdevelopsyoumightfinditusefulforschoolprojects.Thesitewillfeaturespecialpagesforkidswhoarestudyingecosystems生态系统intheirneighborhoods.Tomakesuretheencyclopediaisaccuratescientistswillreviewmuchoftheinformationaddedtoit.Peoplewhovisitthesitewillbeabletochoosetoleaveoutpagesthathaven’tbeenreviewed. AnotherconvenientfeatureoftheEoListhatyou’llbeabletopickthelevelofdetailyouseetomatchyourinterestsageandcurrentknowledge.Ifyouwantedtolearnaboutbearsforascienceclassreportforexampleyoucouldusethenovicesettingtogetbasicinformationabouttheanimals.Ontheexpertsettingontheotherhandyoucouldgetmuchmoredetailedinformationaboutthehistoryliteratureandexplorationofbears. Itnowtakesyearsforscientiststocollectallthedatatheyneedtodescribeandanalyzespecies.ThecreatorsoftheEncyclopediaofLifehopethattheirnewtoolwillspeedthatprocess.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?
Thebooktooktenyearsof{{U}}thorough{{/U}}research
第三篇WeavingwithLight IntheSierraMadremountainrangeofwestcentralMexicothenativeHuicholpeoplelivemuchthewaytheirancestorsdid—withoutelectricity.That’sbecauseit’stooexpensivetostringpowerlinestotheremotemountainareaswheretheylive.TohelpsupportthemselvestheHuicholcreatebeautifulartwork.Theyselltheirartincitieshundredsofmilesawayfromtheirvillages.Andwithoutelectricity—athomeorontheroadtheycanonlyworkduringdaylighthours.Whenitgetsdarktheymuststopwhateverthey’redoing. NowateamofscientistsdesignersandarchitectsisusingnewtechnologiestoprovidetheHuicholwithlightafterthesunsets.Thescientists’techniqueinvolvesweavingtinyelectroniccrystalsintofabricsthatcanbemadeintoclothesbagsorotheritems. Bycollectingthesun’senergyduringthedaytheselightweightfabricsprovidebrightwhitelightatnight.TheirinventorshavenamedthefabricsPortableLights.PortableLightshavethepotentialtotransformthelivesofpeoplewithoutelectricityaroundtheworldsaysprojectleaderSheilaKennedy. OurinventionKennedysayscamefromseeinghowwecouldtransformtechnologywesaweverydayintheUnitedStatesandmoveitintonewmarketsforpeoplewhodidn’thavealotofmoney. AtthecoreofPortableLighttechnologyaredevicescalledhigh-brightnesslight-emittingdiodesorHBLEDs.Thesetinylightsappearindigitalclockstelevisionsandstreetlights. LEDsarecompletelydifferentfromthelightbulbs.Mostofthoseglassbulbsbelongtoatypecalledincandescentlights.Insideelectricityheatsametalcoiltoabout2200degreesCelsius.Atthattemperaturebulbsgiveofflightwecansee. Ninetypercentofenergyproducedbyincandescentlightshoweverisheat-and invisible.Withallthatwastedenergybulbsburnoutquickly.Theyarealsoeasilybroken. LEDsontheotherhandareliketinypiecesofrockmadeupofmoleculesthatarearrangedinacrystalstructure.WhenanelectriccurrentpassesthroughanLEDthecrystalstructureproduceslight.Unlikeincandescentbulbstheycanproducelightofvariouscolors.WithinanLEDthetypeofmoleculesandtheirparticulararrangementdetermineswhatcolorisproduced.AllofthefollowingaredisadvantagesofincandescentlightsEXCEPTthat
Thehigh-speedtrainscanhaveamajor{{U}}impact{{/U}}onourlives.
SharksPerformaServiceforEarth’sWaters Itishardtogetpeopletothinkofsharksasanythingbutadeadlyenemy.Theyarethoughtto51peoplefrequently.Althoughthesefishperformavaluable52forearth’swatersandforhumanbeingsbusinessandsportfishingarethreateningtheir53.AsaresultsomesharksareatriskofdisappearingfromEarth. Warmweathermayinfluencebothfishandshark54.Manyfishswimnearcoastalareasbecauseoftheir55waters.Expertssaysharksmayfollowthefishintothesameareas56peoplealsoswim.Infactmostsharksdonotpurposelychargeatorbitehumans.Theyarethoughttomistakeaperson57aseaanimalsuchasaseal海豹orsealion.Thatiswhypeopleshouldnotswimintheoceanwhenthesungoesdownorcomesupbecausethosearethetimeswhensharksarelookingfor58.Expertsalsosaythatbrightcolorsandshinyjewelry珠宝maycausesharkstoattack. Asharkhasanextremely’goodsenseof59withwhichitcanfindsmallamountsofsubstancesinwatersuchasbloodbodyliquidsandchemicals60byanimals.Thesepowerfulsenseshelpsharksfindtheirfood.Sharkseatfishany61sharksandplantsthatliveintheocean. Medicalresearcherswanttolearnmoreabouttheshark’sbodydefenseandimmune免疫的62againstdisease.Researchersknowthatsharks63quicklyfrominjuries.Theystudythesharkinhopesoffindingawaytofighthumandisease. Sharksareimportantfortheworld’soceansastheyeatinjuredanddiseasedfish.Their64activitiesmeanthatthenumbersofotherfishinoceanwatersdonotbecometoo65.Thisprotectstheplantsandotherformsoflifethatexistintheoceans.
WhatIstheCoolestGasintheUniverse? WhatisthecoldestairtemperatureeverrecordedontheEarth?Wherewasthislowtemperaturerecorded?ThecoldestrecordedtemperatureonEarthwas-91℃which51inAntarcticain1983. Weencounteraninterestingsituationwhenwediscusstemperaturesin52.TemperaturesinEarthorbitactuallyrangefromabout+120℃to-120℃.Thetemperaturedependsupon53youareindirectsunlightorshade.Obviously-120℃iscolderthanourbodycan54endure. Thespacetemperaturesjustdiscussedaffectonlyourarea1ofthesolar55.ObviouslyitishotterclosertotheSunandcolderaswetravel56fromtheSun.ScientistsestimatetemperaturesatPlutoareabout-210℃.Howcoldisthelowestestimatedtemperatureintheentireuniverse?Againitdependsuponyour57.Wearetaughtitissupposedly58tohaveatemperaturebelowabsolutezerowhichis-273℃atwhichatomsdonotmove.TwoscientistswhosenamesareCornellandWiemanhavesuccessfully59downagastoatemperaturebarelyaboveabsolutezero.TheywonaNobelPrizeinPhysicsin2001fortheirwork-notadiscoveryinthiscase. Whyisthetwoscientists’worksoimportanttoscience? Inthe1920sSatyendraNathBosewasstudyinganinteresting60aboutspecial lightparticleswenowcallphotons.Bosehadtrouble61otherscientiststobelievehisheorysohecontactedAlbertE6instein.Einstein’scalculationshelpedhimtheorizethatatoms62behaveasBosethought-butonlyatverycoldtemperatures. Scientistshavealsodiscoveredthatultra-cold超冷atomscanhelpthemmaketheworld’satomicclockseven63accurate.Theseclocksaresoaccuratetodaytheywouldonlyloseonesecond64sixmillionyears!Suchaccuracywillhelpustravelinspacebecausedistanceisvelocitytimestime4d=v×t.With5thelongdistancesinvolvedinspace65weneedtoknowtimeasaccuratelyaspossibletogetaccuratedistance.
第二篇 Thisresearchdealswithwhat’scalleddirectedcommunicationwhenthe communicatororsenderfocusesthemessageforaspecificaudience.One exampleisthewaymornsspeaktotheirbabies.Mothersaroundtheworlduse thesamesortofhigh-pitchedsing-songchatter喋喋不休andthebabies respondbesttothosesounds.Songbirdsareoneoftheonlyotherspecies knowntolearntheircommunicationinthiscasetheirsongs.Whichofthefollowingcanbestreflectthethemeofthepassage?
SharksPerformaServiceforEarth’sWaters Itishardtogetpeopletothinkofsharksasanythingbutadeadlyenemy.Theyarethoughtto51peoplefrequently.Althoughthesefishperformavaluable52forearth’swatersandforhumanbeingsbusinessandsportfishingarethreateningtheir53.AsaresultsomesharksareatriskofdisappearingfromEarth. Warmweathermayinfluencebothfishandshark54.Manyfishswimnearcoastalareasbecauseoftheir55waters.Expertssaysharksmayfollowthefishintothesameareas56peoplealsoswim.Infactmostsharksdonotpurposelychargeatorbitehumans.Theyarethoughttomistakeaperson57aseaanimalsuchasaseal海豹orsealion.Thatiswhypeopleshouldnotswimintheoceanwhenthesungoesdownorcomesupbecausethosearethetimeswhensharksarelookingfor58.Expertsalsosaythatbrightcolorsandshinyjewelry珠宝maycausesharkstoattack. Asharkhasanextremely’goodsenseof59withwhichitcanfindsmallamountsofsubstancesinwatersuchasbloodbodyliquidsandchemicals60byanimals.Thesepowerfulsenseshelpsharksfindtheirfood.Sharkseatfishany61sharksandplantsthatliveintheocean. Medicalresearcherswanttolearnmoreabouttheshark’sbodydefenseandimmune免疫的62againstdisease.Researchersknowthatsharks63quicklyfrominjuries.Theystudythesharkinhopesoffindingawaytofighthumandisease. Sharksareimportantfortheworld’soceansastheyeatinjuredanddiseasedfish.Their64activitiesmeanthatthenumbersofotherfishinoceanwatersdonotbecometoo65.Thisprotectstheplantsandotherformsoflifethatexistintheoceans.
SharksPerformaServiceforEarth’sWaters Itishardtogetpeopletothinkofsharksasanythingbutadeadlyenemy.Theyarethoughtto51peoplefrequently.Althoughthesefishperformavaluable52forearth’swatersandforhumanbeingsbusinessandsportfishingarethreateningtheir53.AsaresultsomesharksareatriskofdisappearingfromEarth. Warmweathermayinfluencebothfishandshark54.Manyfishswimnearcoastalareasbecauseoftheir55waters.Expertssaysharksmayfollowthefishintothesameareas56peoplealsoswim.Infactmostsharksdonotpurposelychargeatorbitehumans.Theyarethoughttomistakeaperson57aseaanimalsuchasaseal海豹orsealion.Thatiswhypeopleshouldnotswimintheoceanwhenthesungoesdownorcomesupbecausethosearethetimeswhensharksarelookingfor58.Expertsalsosaythatbrightcolorsandshinyjewelry珠宝maycausesharkstoattack. Asharkhasanextremely’goodsenseof59withwhichitcanfindsmallamountsofsubstancesinwatersuchasbloodbodyliquidsandchemicals60byanimals.Thesepowerfulsenseshelpsharksfindtheirfood.Sharkseatfishany61sharksandplantsthatliveintheocean. Medicalresearcherswanttolearnmoreabouttheshark’sbodydefenseandimmune免疫的62againstdisease.Researchersknowthatsharks63quicklyfrominjuries.Theystudythesharkinhopesoffindingawaytofighthumandisease. Sharksareimportantfortheworld’soceansastheyeatinjuredanddiseasedfish.Their64activitiesmeanthatthenumbersofotherfishinoceanwatersdonotbecometoo65.Thisprotectstheplantsandotherformsoflifethatexistintheoceans.
Thetestproduced{{U}}disappointing{{/U}}results.
第三篇 TheRobotMan AccordingtoHansMoravecuniversalrobotswilltakeoverallthephysical Withincreasingautomationingenerationstwoandthreethelengthof theaverageworkingdaywillplunneteventuallytonearzero.Mostpeople willbeunemployedarobotstakeovernotjustprimaryindustrybutthe serviceeconomytoo.Moravecseethefourthgenerationasanopportunityto surpassourhumanlimitations. Thesefuturemachineswillbeourmindchildren.Likebiological childrenpreviousgenerationstheywillembodyhumanity’sbesthopefora long-termfuture. Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueofthefuturerobots?
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