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{{*HTML*}}{{B}}第三篇{{/B}} TooLittleforGlobalWarming? ?Oilandgaswillrunouttoofastfordoomsdayglobalwarmingscenariosto materializeaccordingtoacontroversialnewanalysispresentedthisweekat theUniversityofUppsalainSweden.Theauthorswarnthatallthefuelwillbe burntbeforethereisenoughcarbondioxideintheatmospheretorealize predictionsofmeltingicecapsandsearingtemperatures.Defendingtheir predictionsscientistsfromtheIntergovernmentalPanelonClimateChangesay theyconsideredarangeofestimatesofoilandgasreservesandpointoutthat coal-burningcouldeasilymakeuptheshortfall.Butallagreethatburningcoal wouldbeevenworsefortheplanet.??TheIPCC’spredictionsof globalmeltdownpushedforwardthe1997KyotoProtocolanagreementobliging signatorynationstocutCO2emissions.TheIPCCconsideredarange offuturescenariosfromunlimitedburningoffossil-fuelstoafasttransition towardsgreenerenergysources.ButgeologistsAndersSivertssonKjellAleklett andColinCampbellofUppsalaUniversitysaythereisnotenoughoilandgas lefteventhemostconservativeofthe40IPCCscenariostocometo pass.??Althoughestimatesofoilandgasreservesvarywidely theresearchersarepartofagrowinggroupofexpertswhobelievethatoil supplieswillpeakassoonas2010andgassoonafter.Theiranalysissuggests thatoilandgasreservescombinedabouttotheequivalentofabout3500 billionbarrelsofoilconsiderablylessthanthe5000billionbarrels estimatedinthemostoptimisticmodelenvisagedbytheIPCC.Eventheaverage forecastofabout8000billionbarrelsismorethantwicetheSwedishestimate oftheworld’sremainingreserves.??NebojsaNakicenovican energyeconomistattheUniversityofViennaAustriawhoheadedthe80-strong IPCCteamthatproducedtheforecastssaysthepanel’sworkstillstands.He saystheyfactoredinamuchbroaderandinternationallyacceptedrangeofoil andgasestimatesthantheconservativeSwedes.??Evenifoil andgasrunoutthere’sahugeamountofcoalundergroundthatcouldbe exploitedhesaysthatburningcoalcouldmaketheIPCCscenarioscometrue butpointsoutthatsuchaswitchwouldbedisastrous.Coalisdirtierthanoil andgasandproducesmoreCO2foreachunitofenergyaswellas releasinglargeamountsofparticulates.Hesaysthelatestanalysisisashot acrossthebowsforpolicymakers.HowmuchistheIPCC’sestimateofoilandgasreserves?
Theabilitytocontemplatetwo{{U}}contradictory{{/U}}thoughtsatonceissaidtobeamarkofgenius.
{{*HTML*}}下面的短文后列出了7个句子请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断如果该句提的是正确信息请选择A如果该句提的是错误信息请选择B如果该句的信息文中没有提及请选择C SonicDevice??Theother dayDr.RobertSmithwhoisblindtookaremarkablestrollthroughthecampus oftheUniversityofCaliforniaatSantaBarbara.AsDr.Smithwalkedalongthe campusplacesandimpediments障碍物inhispathseemedtocallouttheirnames tohim--libraryherelibraryherebenchherebenchhere.? ?Dr.Smithwastestingaprototype样机navigationsystemfortheblind thatanouncedthesurroundingobjectsthroughstereoheadphonesthatwere mountedtoacomputerinhisback-packcreatingavirtualreality landscape仿真影像.Theinformationcamenotfromsomeminiatureradarbutfromthe signalsbroadcastbythemilitary’snetworkofgloalpositioning satellites全球定位卫星.Onedayitsdevelopershopeminiaturized小型化的versionsof thisnavigationdeviceswhichnowweighstwenty-eightpoundswillhelpthe blindnavigateunfamiliarneighborhoods.??Withthissystemyou donotneedtoknowathinginadvanceaboutwhereyouaregoingsaidDr. RobertaKlatzkyapsychologistatCarnegie-MellonUniversitywhoisworking withDr.Smithtodevelopthenavigatingdevice.Dr.MichaelOberdorofthe NationalEyeInstitutesaidAblindpersoncouldwalkclownthestreetand knownotjusthewasat80thandBroadwaybutwhatstoresarearoundandthat Zabar’sdelicatessen熟食店wasupahead.Thisnavigationsystemtellsyounot justwherethereareobstaclesbutyouroveralllocationgeographically.It letsblindusersconstructamentalmapofnewsurroundingsandlearntheirway around.??Thenavigationsystemusessignalsfromacomputerized maptocreateavirtualacousticdisplay仿真声音显示.Thisisatalkingmapin whichlargeobjectsseemtoannouncethemselvesintheheadphoneswiththe precisetimingandloudnessthatwouldbethecaseiftheobjectswereactually makingasound.Thisallowstheblindpersontosenseimmediatelyhisorher distanceordirectionandusethatinformationforguidance.Whilenooneknows whetheritisbecauseblindpeopletendtodevelopasharpersenseofhearing thosewhohavetriedthesystemsaythattheyquicklyadapttolocatingan objectthroughthesounds.Oneofthecrucialfeaturesofthissystemisthat ittakesadvantageofsensorypaychophysics感官心理物理学--howthebrain interpretssignalsfromoutsidetomakeamapofyoursurroundingssoyoucan navigateDr.Oberdorsaid.Sensorypsychophysicsplayavitalpartintheinventionofthisdevice.
{{*HTML*}}下面的短文后有2项测试任务1第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第3～6段每段选择1个最佳标题2第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定1个最佳选项? ? ElectromagneticEnergy? ?Whitelightseemstobeacombinationofallcolors.Theenergythatcomes fromasourceoflightisnotlimitedtothekindofenergyyoucansee.Heatis givenoffbyaflameoranelectriclight.Onacloudydayitispossibletoget asunburneventhoughyoufeelcool.Visiblelightandthekindofenergythat producewarmthandsunburnareexamplesofelectromagneticenergy.? ?Thesunis93millionmilesfromtheearth.Yetwecanuseenergyfromthe sunbecauseelectromagneticenergytravelsthroughspace.??Many otherkindsofenergyarealsotypesofelectromagneticenergy.Radio televisionandradarsignalstravelfromtransmitterstoreceiversas low-energyelectromagneticwaves.Infrared红外线的radiationisan electromagneticwave.Whenitisabsorbedbymatterheatisproduced.Wavesof infraredandvisiblelighthavemoreenergythanwavesofradiotelevisionor radar.Ultravioletrays紫外线andX-raysareelectromagneticwaveswitheven greateramountsofenergy.Infraredradiationisusedincookingfoodand heatingbuildings.Sunlightandelectriclightsarepartofourrequirementsfor normalliving.Ultravioletradiationisusefulinkillingcertaindisease organisms.X-raysandgammarayshavesomushenergythattheytravelright throughsolidobjects.Theycanbeusedtodetectandtreatcancer.X-raysare usedinindustrytofindhiddencracksinmetalandinmedicinetoreveal brokenbones.??Usuallyweuseelectricitytogenerate electromagneticenergy.Thesourceofmostofourenergyisthesun.Heatfrom thesuncauseswatertoevaporate.Whenthewaterfallstotheearthasrain someofitistrappedbehinddamsandthenusedtooperateelectricgenerators. Othergeneratorsarepoweredbycoalbuttheenergystoredincoalcamefrom thesuntoo.??Untilrecentlythesourceofthetremendous amountofenergygivenoffbythesunwasapuzzle.Ifthesundependedon chemicalreactionsitwouldhaveusedupallitsenergylongago.Experiments withelectromagneticradiationledtothetheorythatmasscanbeconvertedinto energy.Aboutfortyyearsafterthetheorywasproposednuclearenergywas harnessed利用byman.Chemicalenergycomesfromelectron电子rearrangement. Nuclearenergycomesfromachangeinthenucleusofanatom.Comparedwith chemicalreactionsnuclearreactionsreleasemillionsoftimesmoreenergyper poundoffuel.Wenowbelievethatthesun’senergycomesfromthenuclear reactionsinwhichhydrogenischangedintohelium氦.??Nuclear energyisbeginningtocompetewithcoalasaneconomicalsourceofpowerto generateelectricity.Itisalsobeingusedtooperateenginesinlargeships. Scientistscontinuetoseeknewandbettermethodsofobtainingandusing energy. ??A.NuclearReactionsastheLastingSourceoftheSun’s Energy??B.TheMostImportantSourceofEnergy??C. TypesofElectromagneticEnergy??D.X-raysAreUsedtoDetectand TreatCancer.??E.SeekingNewSourcesofEnergy? ?F.NuclearEnergyisBeginningtoCompetewithCoalParagraph6______
{{*HTML*}}{{B}}第二篇{{/B}} HiddenSpeciesMayBeSurprisingly Common??Cryptic隐蔽的隐藏的species--animalsthat appearidenticalbutaregeneticallyquitedistant--maybemuchmorewidespread thanpreviouslythought.Thefindingscouldhavemajorimplicationsinareas rangingfrombiodiversity生物多样性estimatesandwildlifemanagementtoour understandingofinfectiousdiseasesandevolution.??Reportsof crypticspecieshaveincreaseddramaticallyoverthepasttwodecadeswiththe adventofrelativelyinexpensiveDNA脱氧核糖核酸sequencingtechnology.Markus PfenningerandKlausSchwenkoftheGoethe-UniversitatinFrankfurtGermany analyzedallknowndataoncrypticanimalspeciesanddiscoveredthattheyare foundinequalproportionsthroughoutallmajorbranchesoftheanimalkingdom andoccurinequalnumbersinallbiogeographical生物地理学的regions.? ?Scientistshadpreviouslyspeculatedthatcrypticspecieswere predominantlyfoundininsectsandreptiles爬行动物andweremorelikelytooccur intropicalratherthantemperate温带的regions.Speciesthatareseemingly widespreadandabundantcouldinrealitybemanydifferentCrypticspeciesthat havelowpopulationsandarehighlyendangeredsaysPfenninger.Untilthe geneticinformationofallspeciesinatleastonetaxon分类单元isthoroughly studiednoonewillknowjusthowmanycrypticspeciesexistItcouldbeas highas30%Pfenningersays.??I’mextremelysurprisedbytheir resultssaysAlexSmithoftheUniversityofGuelphinOntarioCanada.It’s acalltoarmstokeepdoingthebroadkindofgeneticstudiesthatweare doing.??Samplingasmanyindividualsaspossiblescientists hopetocompleteworkonallfishandbirdsinanother5to10years.Once eitherofthesetaxonomicgroupsiscompletedPfenningersaysresearcherswill beabletodecidehowmanycrypticspeciesexistthroughouttheanimal kingdom.??ExamplesofcrypticspeciesincludetheAfrican elephant.A2001studyfoundtheelephantswereactuallytwogenetically distinctnon-interbreeding非杂交繁殖的speciestheAfricanbushelephantandthe Africanelephant.Thespeciesarecurrentlylistedasvulnerableandthreatened respectivelybytheWorldConservationUnionWCU.??The reclassificationsaremorethananacademicexercise.Theydefinepopulations thathaveevolvedindependentlyofeachotherandwhosegeneticdifferencescan havesignificantconsequences.??Intheearly1900s misidentificationofmosquitospeciesbasedonmorphologyconfused:attemptsto controlmalaria疟疾inEurope.Ultimatelywhatwasthoughttobeasingle specieswasactuallymadeupofsixsibling同胞同属speciesonlythreeofwhich transmittedthedisease.Thebasicunitinbiologyisalwaysthespeciesand youhavetoknowwhatyouaredealingwithPfenningersays.Muchprevious researchisnownolongerusedhesaysbecauseitisnotclearwhatspecies wasbeingstudied.WhichofthefollowingaboutthesignificanceoftheresearchoncrypticspeciesisNOTtrue?
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{{*HTML*}}下面的短文有15处空白请根据短文内容为每处空白确定1个最佳选项 CellPhoneLetsYourSecret Out??Yourcellphoneholdssecretsaboutyou. Besidesthenamesand{{U}}?51?{{/U}}thatyou’veprogrammedintoit tracesofyourDNAlinger逗留onthedeviceaccordingtoanewstudy.? ?DNAisgenetic遗传的materialthat{{U}}?52?{{/U}}ineverycell. LikeyourfingerprintyourDNAisuniquetoyou{{U}}?53?{{/U}}you haveanidenticaltwin.ScientiststodayroutinelyanalyzeDNAinblood saliva涎唾液orhairleft{{U}}?54?{{/U}}atthesceneofacrime.The resultsoftenhelpdetectivesidentify{{U}}?55?{{/U}}andtheir victims.Yourcellphonecanrevealmoreaboutyou{{U}}?56?{{/U}}you mightthink.??MeghanJ.McFaddenascientistatMcMaster UniversityinHamiltonOntarioheardaboutacrimeinwhichthesuspectbled ontoacellphoneandlaterdroppedthe{{U}}?57?{{/U}}Thismadeher wonderwhethertracesofDNAlingeredoncellphones--evenwhennobloodwas involved.{{U}}?58?{{/U}}sheandcolleagueMargaretWallaceofthe CityUniversityofNewYorkanalyzedtheflip-openphones翻盖手机of10 volunteers.Theyusedswabs药签tocollect{{U}}?59?{{/U}}tracesof theusersfromtwopartsofthephone:theoutsidewheretheuserholdsitand the{{U}}?60?{{/U}}whichisplacedattheuser’sear.? ?Thescientistsscrubbed用力擦洗擦净thephonesusingasolutionmademostly {{U}}?61?{{/U}}alcohol.Theaimofwashingwastoremoveall detectabletracesofDNA.Theownersgottheirphones??{{U}} ?62?{{/U}}foranotherweek.Thentheresearcherscollectedthe phonesandrepeatedtheswabbingofeachphoneoncemore.??The scientistsdiscoveredDNAthat{{U}}?63?{{/U}}tothephone’sspeaker oneachofthephones.Bettersampleswerecollectedfromtheoutsideofeach phonebutthoseswabsalsopickedupDNAthatbelongedtootherpeoplewhohad apparentlyalsohandledthephone.{{U}}?64?{{/U}}DNAshowedupeven inswabsthatweretakenimmediatelyafterthephoneswerescrubbed.That suggeststhatwashingwon’tremovealltracesofevidencefromacriminal’s device.Socellphonescannowbeaddedtothe{{U}}?65?{{/U}}ofclues thatcanclinch确定决定acrime-scene investigation.
{{*HTML*}}下面的短文有15处空白请根据短文内容为每处空白确定1个最佳选项 CellPhoneLetsYourSecret Out??Yourcellphoneholdssecretsaboutyou. Besidesthenamesand{{U}}?51?{{/U}}thatyou’veprogrammedintoit tracesofyourDNAlinger逗留onthedeviceaccordingtoanewstudy.? ?DNAisgenetic遗传的materialthat{{U}}?52?{{/U}}ineverycell. LikeyourfingerprintyourDNAisuniquetoyou{{U}}?53?{{/U}}you haveanidenticaltwin.ScientiststodayroutinelyanalyzeDNAinblood saliva涎唾液orhairleft{{U}}?54?{{/U}}atthesceneofacrime.The resultsoftenhelpdetectivesidentify{{U}}?55?{{/U}}andtheir victims.Yourcellphonecanrevealmoreaboutyou{{U}}?56?{{/U}}you mightthink.??MeghanJ.McFaddenascientistatMcMaster UniversityinHamiltonOntarioheardaboutacrimeinwhichthesuspectbled ontoacellphoneandlaterdroppedthe{{U}}?57?{{/U}}Thismadeher wonderwhethertracesofDNAlingeredoncellphones--evenwhennobloodwas involved.{{U}}?58?{{/U}}sheandcolleagueMargaretWallaceofthe CityUniversityofNewYorkanalyzedtheflip-openphones翻盖手机of10 volunteers.Theyusedswabs药签tocollect{{U}}?59?{{/U}}tracesof theusersfromtwopartsofthephone:theoutsidewheretheuserholdsitand the{{U}}?60?{{/U}}whichisplacedattheuser’sear.? ?Thescientistsscrubbed用力擦洗擦净thephonesusingasolutionmademostly {{U}}?61?{{/U}}alcohol.Theaimofwashingwastoremoveall detectabletracesofDNA.Theownersgottheirphones??{{U}} ?62?{{/U}}foranotherweek.Thentheresearcherscollectedthe phonesandrepeatedtheswabbingofeachphoneoncemore.??The scientistsdiscoveredDNAthat{{U}}?63?{{/U}}tothephone’sspeaker oneachofthephones.Bettersampleswerecollectedfromtheoutsideofeach phonebutthoseswabsalsopickedupDNAthatbelongedtootherpeoplewhohad apparentlyalsohandledthephone.{{U}}?64?{{/U}}DNAshowedupeven inswabsthatweretakenimmediatelyafterthephoneswerescrubbed.That suggeststhatwashingwon’tremovealltracesofevidencefromacriminal’s device.Socellphonescannowbeaddedtothe{{U}}?65?{{/U}}ofclues thatcanclinch确定决定acrime-scene investigation.
{{*HTML*}}??A.electromagneticenergy??B.electromagnetic energytravelsthroughspace??C.camefromthesun? ?D.whenachangeinthenucleusofanatomtakesplace??E. whenthesunraysarefierce??F.chemicalenergyis generatedWecanuseenergyfromthesunbecause______.
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{{*HTML*}}下面的短文有15处空白请根据短文内容为每处空白确定1个最佳选项 CellPhoneLetsYourSecret Out??Yourcellphoneholdssecretsaboutyou. Besidesthenamesand{{U}}?51?{{/U}}thatyou’veprogrammedintoit tracesofyourDNAlinger逗留onthedeviceaccordingtoanewstudy.? ?DNAisgenetic遗传的materialthat{{U}}?52?{{/U}}ineverycell. LikeyourfingerprintyourDNAisuniquetoyou{{U}}?53?{{/U}}you haveanidenticaltwin.ScientiststodayroutinelyanalyzeDNAinblood saliva涎唾液orhairleft{{U}}?54?{{/U}}atthesceneofacrime.The resultsoftenhelpdetectivesidentify{{U}}?55?{{/U}}andtheir victims.Yourcellphonecanrevealmoreaboutyou{{U}}?56?{{/U}}you mightthink.??MeghanJ.McFaddenascientistatMcMaster UniversityinHamiltonOntarioheardaboutacrimeinwhichthesuspectbled ontoacellphoneandlaterdroppedthe{{U}}?57?{{/U}}Thismadeher wonderwhethertracesofDNAlingeredoncellphones--evenwhennobloodwas involved.{{U}}?58?{{/U}}sheandcolleagueMargaretWallaceofthe CityUniversityofNewYorkanalyzedtheflip-openphones翻盖手机of10 volunteers.Theyusedswabs药签tocollect{{U}}?59?{{/U}}tracesof theusersfromtwopartsofthephone:theoutsidewheretheuserholdsitand the{{U}}?60?{{/U}}whichisplacedattheuser’sear.? ?Thescientistsscrubbed用力擦洗擦净thephonesusingasolutionmademostly {{U}}?61?{{/U}}alcohol.Theaimofwashingwastoremoveall detectabletracesofDNA.Theownersgottheirphones??{{U}} ?62?{{/U}}foranotherweek.Thentheresearcherscollectedthe phonesandrepeatedtheswabbingofeachphoneoncemore.??The scientistsdiscoveredDNAthat{{U}}?63?{{/U}}tothephone’sspeaker oneachofthephones.Bettersampleswerecollectedfromtheoutsideofeach phonebutthoseswabsalsopickedupDNAthatbelongedtootherpeoplewhohad apparentlyalsohandledthephone.{{U}}?64?{{/U}}DNAshowedupeven inswabsthatweretakenimmediatelyafterthephoneswerescrubbed.That suggeststhatwashingwon’tremovealltracesofevidencefromacriminal’s device.Socellphonescannowbeaddedtothe{{U}}?65?{{/U}}ofclues thatcanclinch确定决定acrime-scene investigation.
{{*HTML*}}下面有3篇短文每篇短文后有5道题请根据短文内容为每题确定1个最佳选项{{B}}第一篇{{/B}} PoolWatch??Swimmerscan drowninbusyswimmingpoolswhenlifeguardsfailtonoticethattheyarein trouble.TheRoyalSocietyforthePreventionofAccidentssaysthatonaverage 15peopledrowninBritishpoolseachyearbutmanymoresuffermajorinjury aftergettingintodifficulties.NowaFrenchcompanyhasdevelopedan artificialintelligencesystemcalledPoseidonthatsoundsthealarmwhenit seessomeoneindangerofdrowning.??Whenaswimmersinkstowards thebottomofthepoolthenewsystemsendsanalarmsignaltoapoolside monitoringstationandalifeguard’spager.IntrialsatapoolinAncenis nearNantesitsavedalifewithinjustafewmonthssaysAlistairMeQuade aspokesmanforitsmakerPoseidonTechnologies.??Poseidonkeeps watchthroughanetworkofunderwaterandoverheardvideocameras.AIsoftware analysestheimagestoworkoutswimmerstrajectories轨道轨线.Todothis reliablyithastotellthedifferencebetweenaswimmerandtheshadowof someonebeingcastontothebottomorsideofthepool.Theunderwater environmentisaverydynamiconewithmanyshadowsandreflectionsdancing around.saysMcQuade.??Thesoftwaredoesthisbyprojectinga shapeinitsfieldofviewontoanimageofthefarwallofthepool.Itdoes thesamewithanimagefromanothercameraviewingtheshapefromadifferent angle.Ifthetwoprojectionsareinthesamepositiontheshapeisidentified asashadowandisignored.Butiftheyaredifferenttheshapeisaswimmer andsothesystemfollowsitstrajectory.??Topickoutpotential drowningvictimsanyoneinthewaterwhostartstodescendslowlyisaddedto thesoftware’spre-alertlistsaysMcQuade.Swimmerswhothenstayimmobile onthepoolbottomfor5secondsormoreare consideredindangerofdrowning.Poseidon double-checksthattheimagereallyisofaswimmernotashadowbyseeing whetheritobscuresthepool’sfloortexturewhenviewedfromoverhead.Ifso italertsthelifeguardshowingtheswimmer’slocationonapoolside screen.??Thefirstfull-scalePoseidonsystemwillbeofficially openednextweekatapoolinHighWycombe.Buckinghamshire.Onemanwhois impressedwiththeideaisTravorBaylisinventoroftheclockworkradio. Baylisrunsacompanythatinstallsswimmingpools--andhewasoncean underwaterescapologist表演脱身术的人withacircus.Isayfullmarkstothemif thisworksandcansaveliveshesays.Butheaddsthatanylocalauthority spending230000--plusonaPoseidonsystemoughttobeinvestingsimilar amountsinteachingchildrentoswim.WhatisrequiredofAIsoftwaretosavealife?
{{*HTML*}}下面的短文有15处空白请根据短文内容为每处空白确定1个最佳选项 CellPhoneLetsYourSecret Out??Yourcellphoneholdssecretsaboutyou. Besidesthenamesand{{U}}?51?{{/U}}thatyou’veprogrammedintoit tracesofyourDNAlinger逗留onthedeviceaccordingtoanewstudy.? ?DNAisgenetic遗传的materialthat{{U}}?52?{{/U}}ineverycell. LikeyourfingerprintyourDNAisuniquetoyou{{U}}?53?{{/U}}you haveanidenticaltwin.ScientiststodayroutinelyanalyzeDNAinblood saliva涎唾液orhairleft{{U}}?54?{{/U}}atthesceneofacrime.The resultsoftenhelpdetectivesidentify{{U}}?55?{{/U}}andtheir victims.Yourcellphonecanrevealmoreaboutyou{{U}}?56?{{/U}}you mightthink.??MeghanJ.McFaddenascientistatMcMaster UniversityinHamiltonOntarioheardaboutacrimeinwhichthesuspectbled ontoacellphoneandlaterdroppedthe{{U}}?57?{{/U}}Thismadeher wonderwhethertracesofDNAlingeredoncellphones--evenwhennobloodwas involved.{{U}}?58?{{/U}}sheandcolleagueMargaretWallaceofthe CityUniversityofNewYorkanalyzedtheflip-openphones翻盖手机of10 volunteers.Theyusedswabs药签tocollect{{U}}?59?{{/U}}tracesof theusersfromtwopartsofthephone:theoutsidewheretheuserholdsitand the{{U}}?60?{{/U}}whichisplacedattheuser’sear.? ?Thescientistsscrubbed用力擦洗擦净thephonesusingasolutionmademostly {{U}}?61?{{/U}}alcohol.Theaimofwashingwastoremoveall detectabletracesofDNA.Theownersgottheirphones??{{U}} ?62?{{/U}}foranotherweek.Thentheresearcherscollectedthe phonesandrepeatedtheswabbingofeachphoneoncemore.??The scientistsdiscoveredDNAthat{{U}}?63?{{/U}}tothephone’sspeaker oneachofthephones.Bettersampleswerecollectedfromtheoutsideofeach phonebutthoseswabsalsopickedupDNAthatbelongedtootherpeoplewhohad apparentlyalsohandledthephone.{{U}}?64?{{/U}}DNAshowedupeven inswabsthatweretakenimmediatelyafterthephoneswerescrubbed.That suggeststhatwashingwon’tremovealltracesofevidencefromacriminal’s device.Socellphonescannowbeaddedtothe{{U}}?65?{{/U}}ofclues thatcanclinch确定决定acrime-scene investigation.
{{*HTML*}}{{B}}第二篇{{/B}} HiddenSpeciesMayBeSurprisingly Common??Cryptic隐蔽的隐藏的species--animalsthat appearidenticalbutaregeneticallyquitedistant--maybemuchmorewidespread thanpreviouslythought.Thefindingscouldhavemajorimplicationsinareas rangingfrombiodiversity生物多样性estimatesandwildlifemanagementtoour understandingofinfectiousdiseasesandevolution.??Reportsof crypticspecieshaveincreaseddramaticallyoverthepasttwodecadeswiththe adventofrelativelyinexpensiveDNA脱氧核糖核酸sequencingtechnology.Markus PfenningerandKlausSchwenkoftheGoethe-UniversitatinFrankfurtGermany analyzedallknowndataoncrypticanimalspeciesanddiscoveredthattheyare foundinequalproportionsthroughoutallmajorbranchesoftheanimalkingdom andoccurinequalnumbersinallbiogeographical生物地理学的regions.? ?Scientistshadpreviouslyspeculatedthatcrypticspecieswere predominantlyfoundininsectsandreptiles爬行动物andweremorelikelytooccur intropicalratherthantemperate温带的regions.Speciesthatareseemingly widespreadandabundantcouldinrealitybemanydifferentCrypticspeciesthat havelowpopulationsandarehighlyendangeredsaysPfenninger.Untilthe geneticinformationofallspeciesinatleastonetaxon分类单元isthoroughly studiednoonewillknowjusthowmanycrypticspeciesexistItcouldbeas highas30%Pfenningersays.??I’mextremelysurprisedbytheir resultssaysAlexSmithoftheUniversityofGuelphinOntarioCanada.It’s acalltoarmstokeepdoingthebroadkindofgeneticstudiesthatweare doing.??Samplingasmanyindividualsaspossiblescientists hopetocompleteworkonallfishandbirdsinanother5to10years.Once eitherofthesetaxonomicgroupsiscompletedPfenningersaysresearcherswill beabletodecidehowmanycrypticspeciesexistthroughouttheanimal kingdom.??ExamplesofcrypticspeciesincludetheAfrican elephant.A2001studyfoundtheelephantswereactuallytwogenetically distinctnon-interbreeding非杂交繁殖的speciestheAfricanbushelephantandthe Africanelephant.Thespeciesarecurrentlylistedasvulnerableandthreatened respectivelybytheWorldConservationUnionWCU.??The reclassificationsaremorethananacademicexercise.Theydefinepopulations thathaveevolvedindependentlyofeachotherandwhosegeneticdifferencescan havesignificantconsequences.??Intheearly1900s misidentificationofmosquitospeciesbasedonmorphologyconfused:attemptsto controlmalaria疟疾inEurope.Ultimatelywhatwasthoughttobeasingle specieswasactuallymadeupofsixsibling同胞同属speciesonlythreeofwhich transmittedthedisease.Thebasicunitinbiologyisalwaysthespeciesand youhavetoknowwhatyouaredealingwithPfenningersays.Muchprevious researchisnownolongerusedhesaysbecauseitisnotclearwhatspecies wasbeingstudied.PeoplewereconfusedintheirattemptstocontrolmalariainEuropeintheearly1900sbecausescientists
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{{*HTML*}}下面的短文有5处空白短文后有6个句子其中5个取自短文请根据短文内容将其分别放回原有位置以恢复文章原貌 WhydoPeopleShrink?? ?DidyoueverseethemovieHoneyIshrunkthekids?It’sabouta wacky乖僻的dadwho’salsoascientistwhoaccidentally偶然的shrinkshiskids withhishomemademiniaturizing使小型化invention.Oops!Thekidsspendtherest ofthemovieastinypeoplewhoarebarelyvisiblewhiletryingtogetbackto theirnormalsize.??{{U}}?46?{{/U}}Ittakesplaceover yearsandmayadduptoonlyoneinchorsooffoftheiradultheightmaybea littlemoremaybelessandthiskindofshrinkingcan’tbemagically reversedalthoughtherearethingsthatcanbedonetostopitorslowitdown. Butwhydoesshrinkinghappenatall???{{U}}?47?{{/U}}. Aspeoplegetoldertheygenerallylosesomemuscleandfatfromtheirbodies aspartofthenaturalagingprocess.Gravitytheforcethatkeepsyourfeeton thegroundtakeholdandthebonesinthespinecalledvertebrae椎骨may breakdownordegenerateandstarttocollapseintooneanother.{{U}}?48 ?{{/U}}.Butperhapsthemostcommonreasonwhysomeolderpeopleshrinkis becauseofosteoporosis.??Osteoporosis骨质疏松症occurswhentoo muchspongy海绵bonetissuewhichisfoundinsideofmostbonesisbrokendown andnotenoughnewbonematerialismade.{{U}}?49?{{/U}}.Bonesbecome smallerandweakerandcaneasilybreakifsomeonewithosteoporosisisinjured. Olderpeople--especiallywomenwhogenerallyhavesmallerandlighterbones tobeginwith--aremorelikelytodeveloposteoporosis.Asyearsgobya personwithosteoporosisshrinksalittlebit.??Didyouknowthat everydayyoudoashrinkingact?Youaren’tastallattheendofthedayas youareatthebeginning.{{U}}?50?{{/U}}.Don’tworrythough.Once yougetagoodnight’srestyourbodyrecoversandthenextmorningyou’re standingtallagain.??A.Theyenduppressingclosertogether whichmakesapersonlosealittleheightandbecomeshorter.??B. That’sbecauseasthedaygoesonwaterinthedisksofthespinegets compressedsqueezedduetogravitymakingyoujustatinybit shorter.??C.Overtimeboneissaidtobelostbecauseit’snot beingreplaced.??D.Luckilytherearethingsthatpeoplecando topreventshrinking.??E.Forolderpeopleshrinkingisn’tthat dramaticorsuddenatall.??F.Thereareafewreasons.
{{*HTML*}}下面的短文有15处空白请根据短文内容为每处空白确定1个最佳选项 CellPhoneLetsYourSecret Out??Yourcellphoneholdssecretsaboutyou. Besidesthenamesand{{U}}?51?{{/U}}thatyou’veprogrammedintoit tracesofyourDNAlinger逗留onthedeviceaccordingtoanewstudy.? ?DNAisgenetic遗传的materialthat{{U}}?52?{{/U}}ineverycell. LikeyourfingerprintyourDNAisuniquetoyou{{U}}?53?{{/U}}you haveanidenticaltwin.ScientiststodayroutinelyanalyzeDNAinblood saliva涎唾液orhairleft{{U}}?54?{{/U}}atthesceneofacrime.The resultsoftenhelpdetectivesidentify{{U}}?55?{{/U}}andtheir victims.Yourcellphonecanrevealmoreaboutyou{{U}}?56?{{/U}}you mightthink.??MeghanJ.McFaddenascientistatMcMaster UniversityinHamiltonOntarioheardaboutacrimeinwhichthesuspectbled ontoacellphoneandlaterdroppedthe{{U}}?57?{{/U}}Thismadeher wonderwhethertracesofDNAlingeredoncellphones--evenwhennobloodwas involved.{{U}}?58?{{/U}}sheandcolleagueMargaretWallaceofthe CityUniversityofNewYorkanalyzedtheflip-openphones翻盖手机of10 volunteers.Theyusedswabs药签tocollect{{U}}?59?{{/U}}tracesof theusersfromtwopartsofthephone:theoutsidewheretheuserholdsitand the{{U}}?60?{{/U}}whichisplacedattheuser’sear.? ?Thescientistsscrubbed用力擦洗擦净thephonesusingasolutionmademostly {{U}}?61?{{/U}}alcohol.Theaimofwashingwastoremoveall detectabletracesofDNA.Theownersgottheirphones??{{U}} ?62?{{/U}}foranotherweek.Thentheresearcherscollectedthe phonesandrepeatedtheswabbingofeachphoneoncemore.??The scientistsdiscoveredDNAthat{{U}}?63?{{/U}}tothephone’sspeaker oneachofthephones.Bettersampleswerecollectedfromtheoutsideofeach phonebutthoseswabsalsopickedupDNAthatbelongedtootherpeoplewhohad apparentlyalsohandledthephone.{{U}}?64?{{/U}}DNAshowedupeven inswabsthatweretakenimmediatelyafterthephoneswerescrubbed.That suggeststhatwashingwon’tremovealltracesofevidencefromacriminal’s device.Socellphonescannowbeaddedtothe{{U}}?65?{{/U}}ofclues thatcanclinch确定决定acrime-scene investigation.
{{*HTML*}}下面的短文有5处空白短文后有6个句子其中5个取自短文请根据短文内容将其分别放回原有位置以恢复文章原貌 WhydoPeopleShrink?? ?DidyoueverseethemovieHoneyIshrunkthekids?It’sabouta wacky乖僻的dadwho’salsoascientistwhoaccidentally偶然的shrinkshiskids withhishomemademiniaturizing使小型化invention.Oops!Thekidsspendtherest ofthemovieastinypeoplewhoarebarelyvisiblewhiletryingtogetbackto theirnormalsize.??{{U}}?46?{{/U}}Ittakesplaceover yearsandmayadduptoonlyoneinchorsooffoftheiradultheightmaybea littlemoremaybelessandthiskindofshrinkingcan’tbemagically reversedalthoughtherearethingsthatcanbedonetostopitorslowitdown. Butwhydoesshrinkinghappenatall???{{U}}?47?{{/U}}. Aspeoplegetoldertheygenerallylosesomemuscleandfatfromtheirbodies aspartofthenaturalagingprocess.Gravitytheforcethatkeepsyourfeeton thegroundtakeholdandthebonesinthespinecalledvertebrae椎骨may breakdownordegenerateandstarttocollapseintooneanother.{{U}}?48 ?{{/U}}.Butperhapsthemostcommonreasonwhysomeolderpeopleshrinkis becauseofosteoporosis.??Osteoporosis骨质疏松症occurswhentoo muchspongy海绵bonetissuewhichisfoundinsideofmostbonesisbrokendown andnotenoughnewbonematerialismade.{{U}}?49?{{/U}}.Bonesbecome smallerandweakerandcaneasilybreakifsomeonewithosteoporosisisinjured. Olderpeople--especiallywomenwhogenerallyhavesmallerandlighterbones tobeginwith--aremorelikelytodeveloposteoporosis.Asyearsgobya personwithosteoporosisshrinksalittlebit.??Didyouknowthat everydayyoudoashrinkingact?Youaren’tastallattheendofthedayas youareatthebeginning.{{U}}?50?{{/U}}.Don’tworrythough.Once yougetagoodnight’srestyourbodyrecoversandthenextmorningyou’re standingtallagain.??A.Theyenduppressingclosertogether whichmakesapersonlosealittleheightandbecomeshorter.??B. That’sbecauseasthedaygoesonwaterinthedisksofthespinegets compressedsqueezedduetogravitymakingyoujustatinybit shorter.??C.Overtimeboneissaidtobelostbecauseit’snot beingreplaced.??D.Luckilytherearethingsthatpeoplecando topreventshrinking.??E.Forolderpeopleshrinkingisn’tthat dramaticorsuddenatall.??F.Thereareafewreasons.{{*HTML*}}
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{{*HTML*}}{{B}}第三篇{{/B}} TooLittleforGlobalWarming? ?Oilandgaswillrunouttoofastfordoomsdayglobalwarmingscenariosto materializeaccordingtoacontroversialnewanalysispresentedthisweekat theUniversityofUppsalainSweden.Theauthorswarnthatallthefuelwillbe burntbeforethereisenoughcarbondioxideintheatmospheretorealize predictionsofmeltingicecapsandsearingtemperatures.Defendingtheir predictionsscientistsfromtheIntergovernmentalPanelonClimateChangesay theyconsideredarangeofestimatesofoilandgasreservesandpointoutthat coal-burningcouldeasilymakeuptheshortfall.Butallagreethatburningcoal wouldbeevenworsefortheplanet.??TheIPCC’spredictionsof globalmeltdownpushedforwardthe1997KyotoProtocolanagreementobliging signatorynationstocutCO2emissions.TheIPCCconsideredarange offuturescenariosfromunlimitedburningoffossil-fuelstoafasttransition towardsgreenerenergysources.ButgeologistsAndersSivertssonKjellAleklett andColinCampbellofUppsalaUniversitysaythereisnotenoughoilandgas lefteventhemostconservativeofthe40IPCCscenariostocometo pass.??Althoughestimatesofoilandgasreservesvarywidely theresearchersarepartofagrowinggroupofexpertswhobelievethatoil supplieswillpeakassoonas2010andgassoonafter.Theiranalysissuggests thatoilandgasreservescombinedabouttotheequivalentofabout3500 billionbarrelsofoilconsiderablylessthanthe5000billionbarrels estimatedinthemostoptimisticmodelenvisagedbytheIPCC.Eventheaverage forecastofabout8000billionbarrelsismorethantwicetheSwedishestimate oftheworld’sremainingreserves.??NebojsaNakicenovican energyeconomistattheUniversityofViennaAustriawhoheadedthe80-strong IPCCteamthatproducedtheforecastssaysthepanel’sworkstillstands.He saystheyfactoredinamuchbroaderandinternationallyacceptedrangeofoil andgasestimatesthantheconservativeSwedes.??Evenifoil andgasrunoutthere’sahugeamountofcoalundergroundthatcouldbe exploitedhesaysthatburningcoalcouldmaketheIPCCscenarioscometrue butpointsoutthatsuchaswitchwouldbedisastrous.Coalisdirtierthanoil andgasandproducesmoreCO2foreachunitofenergyaswellas releasinglargeamountsofparticulates.Hesaysthelatestanalysisisashot acrossthebowsforpolicymakers.AccordingtoIPCCwhatcanmakeuptheshortfalloftheoilandgasreserves?
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{{*HTML*}}下面的短文有5处空白短文后有6个句子其中5个取自短文请根据短文内容将其分别放回原有位置以恢复文章原貌 WhydoPeopleShrink?? ?DidyoueverseethemovieHoneyIshrunkthekids?It’sabouta wacky乖僻的dadwho’salsoascientistwhoaccidentally偶然的shrinkshiskids withhishomemademiniaturizing使小型化invention.Oops!Thekidsspendtherest ofthemovieastinypeoplewhoarebarelyvisiblewhiletryingtogetbackto theirnormalsize.??{{U}}?46?{{/U}}Ittakesplaceover yearsandmayadduptoonlyoneinchorsooffoftheiradultheightmaybea littlemoremaybelessandthiskindofshrinkingcan’tbemagically reversedalthoughtherearethingsthatcanbedonetostopitorslowitdown. Butwhydoesshrinkinghappenatall???{{U}}?47?{{/U}}. Aspeoplegetoldertheygenerallylosesomemuscleandfatfromtheirbodies aspartofthenaturalagingprocess.Gravitytheforcethatkeepsyourfeeton thegroundtakeholdandthebonesinthespinecalledvertebrae椎骨may breakdownordegenerateandstarttocollapseintooneanother.{{U}}?48 ?{{/U}}.Butperhapsthemostcommonreasonwhysomeolderpeopleshrinkis becauseofosteoporosis.??Osteoporosis骨质疏松症occurswhentoo muchspongy海绵bonetissuewhichisfoundinsideofmostbonesisbrokendown andnotenoughnewbonematerialismade.{{U}}?49?{{/U}}.Bonesbecome smallerandweakerandcaneasilybreakifsomeonewithosteoporosisisinjured. Olderpeople--especiallywomenwhogenerallyhavesmallerandlighterbones tobeginwith--aremorelikelytodeveloposteoporosis.Asyearsgobya personwithosteoporosisshrinksalittlebit.??Didyouknowthat everydayyoudoashrinkingact?Youaren’tastallattheendofthedayas youareatthebeginning.{{U}}?50?{{/U}}.Don’tworrythough.Once yougetagoodnight’srestyourbodyrecoversandthenextmorningyou’re standingtallagain.??A.Theyenduppressingclosertogether whichmakesapersonlosealittleheightandbecomeshorter.??B. That’sbecauseasthedaygoesonwaterinthedisksofthespinegets compressedsqueezedduetogravitymakingyoujustatinybit shorter.??C.Overtimeboneissaidtobelostbecauseit’snot beingreplaced.??D.Luckilytherearethingsthatpeoplecando topreventshrinking.??E.Forolderpeopleshrinkingisn’tthat dramaticorsuddenatall.??F.Thereareafewreasons.
{{*HTML*}}下面有3篇短文每篇短文后有5道题请根据短文内容为每题确定1个最佳选项{{B}}第一篇{{/B}} PoolWatch??Swimmerscan drowninbusyswimmingpoolswhenlifeguardsfailtonoticethattheyarein trouble.TheRoyalSocietyforthePreventionofAccidentssaysthatonaverage 15peopledrowninBritishpoolseachyearbutmanymoresuffermajorinjury aftergettingintodifficulties.NowaFrenchcompanyhasdevelopedan artificialintelligencesystemcalledPoseidonthatsoundsthealarmwhenit seessomeoneindangerofdrowning.??Whenaswimmersinkstowards thebottomofthepoolthenewsystemsendsanalarmsignaltoapoolside monitoringstationandalifeguard’spager.IntrialsatapoolinAncenis nearNantesitsavedalifewithinjustafewmonthssaysAlistairMeQuade aspokesmanforitsmakerPoseidonTechnologies.??Poseidonkeeps watchthroughanetworkofunderwaterandoverheardvideocameras.AIsoftware analysestheimagestoworkoutswimmerstrajectories轨道轨线.Todothis reliablyithastotellthedifferencebetweenaswimmerandtheshadowof someonebeingcastontothebottomorsideofthepool.Theunderwater environmentisaverydynamiconewithmanyshadowsandreflectionsdancing around.saysMcQuade.??Thesoftwaredoesthisbyprojectinga shapeinitsfieldofviewontoanimageofthefarwallofthepool.Itdoes thesamewithanimagefromanothercameraviewingtheshapefromadifferent angle.Ifthetwoprojectionsareinthesamepositiontheshapeisidentified asashadowandisignored.Butiftheyaredifferenttheshapeisaswimmer andsothesystemfollowsitstrajectory.??Topickoutpotential drowningvictimsanyoneinthewaterwhostartstodescendslowlyisaddedto thesoftware’spre-alertlistsaysMcQuade.Swimmerswhothenstayimmobile onthepoolbottomfor5secondsormoreare consideredindangerofdrowning.Poseidon double-checksthattheimagereallyisofaswimmernotashadowbyseeing whetheritobscuresthepool’sfloortexturewhenviewedfromoverhead.Ifso italertsthelifeguardshowingtheswimmer’slocationonapoolside screen.??Thefirstfull-scalePoseidonsystemwillbeofficially openednextweekatapoolinHighWycombe.Buckinghamshire.Onemanwhois impressedwiththeideaisTravorBaylisinventoroftheclockworkradio. Baylisrunsacompanythatinstallsswimmingpools--andhewasoncean underwaterescapologist表演脱身术的人withacircus.Isayfullmarkstothemif thisworksandcansaveliveshesays.Butheaddsthatanylocalauthority spending230000--plusonaPoseidonsystemoughttobeinvestingsimilar amountsinteachingchildrentoswim.WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutTrevorBaylisisNOTtrue?
{{*HTML*}}{{B}}第二篇{{/B}} HiddenSpeciesMayBeSurprisingly Common??Cryptic隐蔽的隐藏的species--animalsthat appearidenticalbutaregeneticallyquitedistant--maybemuchmorewidespread thanpreviouslythought.Thefindingscouldhavemajorimplicationsinareas rangingfrombiodiversity生物多样性estimatesandwildlifemanagementtoour understandingofinfectiousdiseasesandevolution.??Reportsof crypticspecieshaveincreaseddramaticallyoverthepasttwodecadeswiththe adventofrelativelyinexpensiveDNA脱氧核糖核酸sequencingtechnology.Markus PfenningerandKlausSchwenkoftheGoethe-UniversitatinFrankfurtGermany analyzedallknowndataoncrypticanimalspeciesanddiscoveredthattheyare foundinequalproportionsthroughoutallmajorbranchesoftheanimalkingdom andoccurinequalnumbersinallbiogeographical生物地理学的regions.? ?Scientistshadpreviouslyspeculatedthatcrypticspecieswere predominantlyfoundininsectsandreptiles爬行动物andweremorelikelytooccur intropicalratherthantemperate温带的regions.Speciesthatareseemingly widespreadandabundantcouldinrealitybemanydifferentCrypticspeciesthat havelowpopulationsandarehighlyendangeredsaysPfenninger.Untilthe geneticinformationofallspeciesinatleastonetaxon分类单元isthoroughly studiednoonewillknowjusthowmanycrypticspeciesexistItcouldbeas highas30%Pfenningersays.??I’mextremelysurprisedbytheir resultssaysAlexSmithoftheUniversityofGuelphinOntarioCanada.It’s acalltoarmstokeepdoingthebroadkindofgeneticstudiesthatweare doing.??Samplingasmanyindividualsaspossiblescientists hopetocompleteworkonallfishandbirdsinanother5to10years.Once eitherofthesetaxonomicgroupsiscompletedPfenningersaysresearcherswill beabletodecidehowmanycrypticspeciesexistthroughouttheanimal kingdom.??ExamplesofcrypticspeciesincludetheAfrican elephant.A2001studyfoundtheelephantswereactuallytwogenetically distinctnon-interbreeding非杂交繁殖的speciestheAfricanbushelephantandthe Africanelephant.Thespeciesarecurrentlylistedasvulnerableandthreatened respectivelybytheWorldConservationUnionWCU.??The reclassificationsaremorethananacademicexercise.Theydefinepopulations thathaveevolvedindependentlyofeachotherandwhosegeneticdifferencescan havesignificantconsequences.??Intheearly1900s misidentificationofmosquitospeciesbasedonmorphologyconfused:attemptsto controlmalaria疟疾inEurope.Ultimatelywhatwasthoughttobeasingle specieswasactuallymadeupofsixsibling同胞同属speciesonlythreeofwhich transmittedthedisease.Thebasicunitinbiologyisalwaysthespeciesand youhavetoknowwhatyouaredealingwithPfenningersays.Muchprevious researchisnownolongerusedhesaysbecauseitisnotclearwhatspecies wasbeingstudied.Doscientistsknowhowmanycrypticspeciesexist?
Thenewtheorywas{{U}}corroborated{{/U}}.
{{*HTML*}}下面的短文后有2项测试任务1第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第3～6段每段选择1个最佳标题2第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定1个最佳选项? ? ElectromagneticEnergy? ?Whitelightseemstobeacombinationofallcolors.Theenergythatcomes fromasourceoflightisnotlimitedtothekindofenergyyoucansee.Heatis givenoffbyaflameoranelectriclight.Onacloudydayitispossibletoget asunburneventhoughyoufeelcool.Visiblelightandthekindofenergythat producewarmthandsunburnareexamplesofelectromagneticenergy.? ?Thesunis93millionmilesfromtheearth.Yetwecanuseenergyfromthe sunbecauseelectromagneticenergytravelsthroughspace.??Many otherkindsofenergyarealsotypesofelectromagneticenergy.Radio televisionandradarsignalstravelfromtransmitterstoreceiversas low-energyelectromagneticwaves.Infrared红外线的radiationisan electromagneticwave.Whenitisabsorbedbymatterheatisproduced.Wavesof infraredandvisiblelighthavemoreenergythanwavesofradiotelevisionor radar.Ultravioletrays紫外线andX-raysareelectromagneticwaveswitheven greateramountsofenergy.Infraredradiationisusedincookingfoodand heatingbuildings.Sunlightandelectriclightsarepartofourrequirementsfor normalliving.Ultravioletradiationisusefulinkillingcertaindisease organisms.X-raysandgammarayshavesomushenergythattheytravelright throughsolidobjects.Theycanbeusedtodetectandtreatcancer.X-raysare usedinindustrytofindhiddencracksinmetalandinmedicinetoreveal brokenbones.??Usuallyweuseelectricitytogenerate electromagneticenergy.Thesourceofmostofourenergyisthesun.Heatfrom thesuncauseswatertoevaporate.Whenthewaterfallstotheearthasrain someofitistrappedbehinddamsandthenusedtooperateelectricgenerators. Othergeneratorsarepoweredbycoalbuttheenergystoredincoalcamefrom thesuntoo.??Untilrecentlythesourceofthetremendous amountofenergygivenoffbythesunwasapuzzle.Ifthesundependedon chemicalreactionsitwouldhaveusedupallitsenergylongago.Experiments withelectromagneticradiationledtothetheorythatmasscanbeconvertedinto energy.Aboutfortyyearsafterthetheorywasproposednuclearenergywas harnessed利用byman.Chemicalenergycomesfromelectron电子rearrangement. Nuclearenergycomesfromachangeinthenucleusofanatom.Comparedwith chemicalreactionsnuclearreactionsreleasemillionsoftimesmoreenergyper poundoffuel.Wenowbelievethatthesun’senergycomesfromthenuclear reactionsinwhichhydrogenischangedintohelium氦.??Nuclear energyisbeginningtocompetewithcoalasaneconomicalsourceofpowerto generateelectricity.Itisalsobeingusedtooperateenginesinlargeships. Scientistscontinuetoseeknewandbettermethodsofobtainingandusing energy. ??A.NuclearReactionsastheLastingSourceoftheSun’s Energy??B.TheMostImportantSourceofEnergy??C. TypesofElectromagneticEnergy??D.X-raysAreUsedtoDetectand TreatCancer.??E.SeekingNewSourcesofEnergy? ?F.NuclearEnergyisBeginningtoCompetewithCoalParagraph4______
{{*HTML*}}下面的短文有15处空白请根据短文内容为每处空白确定1个最佳选项 CellPhoneLetsYourSecret Out??Yourcellphoneholdssecretsaboutyou. Besidesthenamesand{{U}}?51?{{/U}}thatyou’veprogrammedintoit tracesofyourDNAlinger逗留onthedeviceaccordingtoanewstudy.? ?DNAisgenetic遗传的materialthat{{U}}?52?{{/U}}ineverycell. LikeyourfingerprintyourDNAisuniquetoyou{{U}}?53?{{/U}}you haveanidenticaltwin.ScientiststodayroutinelyanalyzeDNAinblood saliva涎唾液orhairleft{{U}}?54?{{/U}}atthesceneofacrime.The resultsoftenhelpdetectivesidentify{{U}}?55?{{/U}}andtheir victims.Yourcellphonecanrevealmoreaboutyou{{U}}?56?{{/U}}you mightthink.??MeghanJ.McFaddenascientistatMcMaster UniversityinHamiltonOntarioheardaboutacrimeinwhichthesuspectbled ontoacellphoneandlaterdroppedthe{{U}}?57?{{/U}}Thismadeher wonderwhethertracesofDNAlingeredoncellphones--evenwhennobloodwas involved.{{U}}?58?{{/U}}sheandcolleagueMargaretWallaceofthe CityUniversityofNewYorkanalyzedtheflip-openphones翻盖手机of10 volunteers.Theyusedswabs药签tocollect{{U}}?59?{{/U}}tracesof theusersfromtwopartsofthephone:theoutsidewheretheuserholdsitand the{{U}}?60?{{/U}}whichisplacedattheuser’sear.? ?Thescientistsscrubbed用力擦洗擦净thephonesusingasolutionmademostly {{U}}?61?{{/U}}alcohol.Theaimofwashingwastoremoveall detectabletracesofDNA.Theownersgottheirphones??{{U}} ?62?{{/U}}foranotherweek.Thentheresearcherscollectedthe phonesandrepeatedtheswabbingofeachphoneoncemore.??The scientistsdiscoveredDNAthat{{U}}?63?{{/U}}tothephone’sspeaker oneachofthephones.Bettersampleswerecollectedfromtheoutsideofeach phonebutthoseswabsalsopickedupDNAthatbelongedtootherpeoplewhohad apparentlyalsohandledthephone.{{U}}?64?{{/U}}DNAshowedupeven inswabsthatweretakenimmediatelyafterthephoneswerescrubbed.That suggeststhatwashingwon’tremovealltracesofevidencefromacriminal’s device.Socellphonescannowbeaddedtothe{{U}}?65?{{/U}}ofclues thatcanclinch确定决定acrime-scene investigation.
{{*HTML*}}??A.electromagneticenergy??B.electromagnetic energytravelsthroughspace??C.camefromthesun? ?D.whenachangeinthenucleusofanatomtakesplace??E. whenthesunraysarefierce??F.chemicalenergyis generated______whenelectronrearrangementtakesplace.
{{*HTML*}}下面的短文有15处空白请根据短文内容为每处空白确定1个最佳选项 CellPhoneLetsYourSecret Out??Yourcellphoneholdssecretsaboutyou. Besidesthenamesand{{U}}?51?{{/U}}thatyou’veprogrammedintoit tracesofyourDNAlinger逗留onthedeviceaccordingtoanewstudy.? ?DNAisgenetic遗传的materialthat{{U}}?52?{{/U}}ineverycell. LikeyourfingerprintyourDNAisuniquetoyou{{U}}?53?{{/U}}you haveanidenticaltwin.ScientiststodayroutinelyanalyzeDNAinblood saliva涎唾液orhairleft{{U}}?54?{{/U}}atthesceneofacrime.The resultsoftenhelpdetectivesidentify{{U}}?55?{{/U}}andtheir victims.Yourcellphonecanrevealmoreaboutyou{{U}}?56?{{/U}}you mightthink.??MeghanJ.McFaddenascientistatMcMaster UniversityinHamiltonOntarioheardaboutacrimeinwhichthesuspectbled ontoacellphoneandlaterdroppedthe{{U}}?57?{{/U}}Thismadeher wonderwhethertracesofDNAlingeredoncellphones--evenwhennobloodwas involved.{{U}}?58?{{/U}}sheandcolleagueMargaretWallaceofthe CityUniversityofNewYorkanalyzedtheflip-openphones翻盖手机of10 volunteers.Theyusedswabs药签tocollect{{U}}?59?{{/U}}tracesof theusersfromtwopartsofthephone:theoutsidewheretheuserholdsitand the{{U}}?60?{{/U}}whichisplacedattheuser’sear.? ?Thescientistsscrubbed用力擦洗擦净thephonesusingasolutionmademostly {{U}}?61?{{/U}}alcohol.Theaimofwashingwastoremoveall detectabletracesofDNA.Theownersgottheirphones??{{U}} ?62?{{/U}}foranotherweek.Thentheresearcherscollectedthe phonesandrepeatedtheswabbingofeachphoneoncemore.??The scientistsdiscoveredDNAthat{{U}}?63?{{/U}}tothephone’sspeaker oneachofthephones.Bettersampleswerecollectedfromtheoutsideofeach phonebutthoseswabsalsopickedupDNAthatbelongedtootherpeoplewhohad apparentlyalsohandledthephone.{{U}}?64?{{/U}}DNAshowedupeven inswabsthatweretakenimmediatelyafterthephoneswerescrubbed.That suggeststhatwashingwon’tremovealltracesofevidencefromacriminal’s device.Socellphonescannowbeaddedtothe{{U}}?65?{{/U}}ofclues thatcanclinch确定决定acrime-scene investigation.
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