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The cheetah is {{U}}considered {{/U}}the fastest of all land animals.
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HeartAttack IntheUnitedStatesandespeciallyinbigcitiesandruralareastensofthousandsofpeoplewithheartsthatshouldbegood【51】tokeepthemalivedieeachyearforlackofadequatefirstaid.InNewYorkCityforexampleanewstudyhasshownthatonlyonepersonin100outsideofhospitals【52】aftertheheartsuddenlystopspumping.IncontrastinSeattlethesurvival【53】aftersuchheartattacksisoneinfive. Thedifferencecanbetraced【54】theeffectivenessofthechainofsurvivalDr.JosephP.Ornatosaid.Eachlinkinthe【55】mustbestrongenoughformanylivestobe【56】. Thechainbeginswithanimmediatetelephone【57】foremergencyhelpandthestartwithinfourminutesoftheprocessneededforrestartingthe【58】workingbyafamilymemberorbystander旁观者. Itcontinueswiththepromptarrival-------withineight【59】tenminutesofarescuerequippedwithaspecialinstrumentthatcanshocktheheartbacktoanormalrhythm.Anditendswiththeadministration给予实施ofadvanced先进emergencycarebynursestomaintaintheheart’’sabilitytosurviveuntilthedoctorsatthehospitalscantake【60】Whenoneormorelinksinthischainfailorfunctiontooslowlythe【61】ofavictimsurvivingheartattackfallsrapidly.Becauseofwidespreadweaknessesinthechainof【62】expertsinemergencyheartcareestimatethat20000to80000people【63】needlesslyofheartattackeachyearanumbercomparabletothe55000killedannuallyinautomobile【64】. OneexpertsaysSendinganemergencyvehicletoaheartattackvictim【65】thespecialequipmentislikehavingpolicemenwithgunsbutnobullets.Theymayputonagoodshowbuttheylacktheweaponneededtogetthejobdone.
MaleandFemalepilotscauseaccidentsdifferently MalepilotsflyinggeneralaviationprivateaircraftintheUnitedStatesaremorelikelytocrashduetoinattentionorflaweddecisionmakingwhilefemalepilotsaremorelikelytocrashfrommishandlingtheaircraft.ThesearetheresultsofastudybyresearchersattheJohnsHopkinsUniversityBloombergSchoolofPublicHealth. Thestudyidentifiesthedifferencesbetweenmaleandfemalepilotsintermsofcircumstancesofthecrashandthetypeofpilotserrorinvolved.Crashesofgeneralaviationaircraftaccountfor85percentofallaviationdeathsintheUnitedStates.ThecrashrateformalepilotsasformotorvehicledriversexceedsthatofcrashesoffemalepilotsexplainsSusanP.BakerMPHprofessorofhealthpolicyandmanagementattheBloombergSchoolofPublicHealth.Becausepilotyouthandinexperienceareestablishedcontributorstoaviationcrasheswefocusedononlymaturepilotstodeterminethegenderdifferencesinthereasonsforthecrash. Theresearchersextracteddataforthisstudyfromalargeresearchprojectonpilotagingandflightsafety.Thedataweregatheredfromgeneralaviationcrashesofairplanesandhelicoptersbetween1983and1997involving144femalepilotsand267malepilotsaged40-63.Femalepilotswerematchedwithmalepilotsina1:2ratiobyageclassesofmedicalandpilotcertificatesstateorareaofcrashandyearofcrash.Thenthecircumstancesofthecrashesandthepiloterrorinvolvedwerecategorizedandcodedwithoutknowledgeofpilotgender. Theresearchersfoundthatlossofcontrolonlandingortakeoffwasthemostcommoncircumstanceforbothsexesleadingto59percentoffemalepilots’crashesand36percentofmales’’.Experiencingmechanicalfailurerunningoutoffuelandlandingtheplanewiththelandinggearupwereamongthefactorsmorelikelywithmaleswhilestallingwasmorelikelywithfemales. Themajorityofthecrashes—95percentforfemalesand88percentformales—involvedatleastonetypeofpiloterror.Mishandlingaircraftkineticswasthemostcommonerrorforbothsexesbutwasmorecommonamongfemalesaccountingfor81percentofthecrashesthanmalesaccountingfor48percent.Maleshoweverappearedmorelikelytobeguiltyofpoordecision-makingrisk-takingandinattentivenessexamplesofwhichincludemisjudgingweatherandvisibilityorflyinganaircraftwithaknowndefect.Femalesthoughmorelikelytomishandleorlosecontroloftheaircraftweregenerallymorecarefulthantheirmalecounterparts. inattention/n.疏忽 aviation/n.航空 flawed/adj.有缺陷的 mishandle/v.瞎弄乱处理 MPHMasterofPublicHealth公共卫生硕士 gender/n.性性别 runout耗尽用完 stallv.飞机失速发动机熄火 kinetics/n.动力学 Inthecomparisonoffemaleandmalepilots______.
HeartAttack IntheUnitedStatesandespeciallyinbigcitiesandruralareastensofthousandsofpeoplewithheartsthatshouldbegood【51】tokeepthemalivedieeachyearforlackofadequatefirstaid.InNewYorkCityforexampleanewstudyhasshownthatonlyonepersonin100outsideofhospitals【52】aftertheheartsuddenlystopspumping.IncontrastinSeattlethesurvival【53】aftersuchheartattacksisoneinfive. Thedifferencecanbetraced【54】theeffectivenessofthechainofsurvivalDr.JosephP.Ornatosaid.Eachlinkinthe【55】mustbestrongenoughformanylivestobe【56】. Thechainbeginswithanimmediatetelephone【57】foremergencyhelpandthestartwithinfourminutesoftheprocessneededforrestartingthe【58】workingbyafamilymemberorbystander旁观者. Itcontinueswiththepromptarrival-------withineight【59】tenminutesofarescuerequippedwithaspecialinstrumentthatcanshocktheheartbacktoanormalrhythm.Anditendswiththeadministration给予实施ofadvanced先进emergencycarebynursestomaintaintheheart’’sabilitytosurviveuntilthedoctorsatthehospitalscantake【60】Whenoneormorelinksinthischainfailorfunctiontooslowlythe【61】ofavictimsurvivingheartattackfallsrapidly.Becauseofwidespreadweaknessesinthechainof【62】expertsinemergencyheartcareestimatethat20000to80000people【63】needlesslyofheartattackeachyearanumbercomparabletothe55000killedannuallyinautomobile【64】. OneexpertsaysSendinganemergencyvehicletoaheartattackvictim【65】thespecialequipmentislikehavingpolicemenwithgunsbutnobullets.Theymayputonagoodshowbuttheylacktheweaponneededtogetthejobdone.
OntheTrain ThenighttrainfromGlasgowwassocrowdedthatDonaldwhowasonhiswaytoLondontofindatemporaryjobfortheuniversityvacationwishedthathehaddecidedtotravelbyday.Hehadneverbeensohardup. Hegotonthetrainandwalkedalongthecorridorofthesecond-classcompartments.Hecouldn’’tfindaseatanywhere.Hecouldnotaffordtotravelfirstclassandhedidnotwanttostandinthecorridor.Neitherdidhewanttositonhissuitcase.Hewassotiredthathedecidedtositdowninafirstclasscompartmentatleastforawhile.Hesoonfoundonewithasingleoccupant乘客agentlemanreadingdocumentsfromabriefcase.Withtheself-assuranceofafirstclasstravelerheopenedthedoorandwentin.Nosoonerhadhesatdownthantheticketinspectorarrived.Whatbadluck!Nowhewouldhavetopaytheexcess额外的fare.Asheturnedouthispockettofindenoughmoneyhesawthegentlemanwaswatchinghimwithamusement.Itwashumiliating令人感到羞辱的.Howeverhewassotiredthathesoonfellasleep. Presentlyhearinganoisehehalfopenedhiseyes.Notonlydidhenoticethathistravelingcompanionhadgonebuthealsosawthatarough-lookingmanwassearchingthroughthebusinessman’’sbriefcase.Donaldgrabbedthebriefcaseandwrenched猛夺itfreekickingattheman’’sleg.Themanfled. ThenthebusinessmanreturnedandfoundDonaldholdingthebriefcaseandpeeringinsideit.Donaldrealizedthathewasinquiteanawkwardsituationbutthemanwassmiling.Norwasthistheonlysurprisingthing.NotonlywasthegentlemanwhointroducedhimselfasMr.SmithsmilingbuthethankedDonaldwarmly.OnhiswaybacktothecompartmentMr.Smithhadseenthemanleavinginagreathurry.HehadsoquicklyassessedthesituationthatheknewDonaldwasinnocent. OnlyafteralongchatinwhichDonaldwasaskedmanyquestionsabouthimselfdidDonalddiscoverthatMr.SmithwasinfactmanagingdirectorofalargefactoryinLondon.DonaldhadneverimaginedthatthisstrangeincidentwouldhelphimtofindajobbutjustastheywereleavingthetrainMr.SmithofferedhimthepostoftemporaryNightSecurityOfficerforhisfactory. Donaldwentintoafirst-classcompartmentasifhewere______.
MaleandFemalepilotscauseaccidentsdifferently MalepilotsflyinggeneralaviationprivateaircraftintheUnitedStatesaremorelikelytocrashduetoinattentionorflaweddecisionmakingwhilefemalepilotsaremorelikelytocrashfrommishandlingtheaircraft.ThesearetheresultsofastudybyresearchersattheJohnsHopkinsUniversityBloombergSchoolofPublicHealth. Thestudyidentifiesthedifferencesbetweenmaleandfemalepilotsintermsofcircumstancesofthecrashandthetypeofpilotserrorinvolved.Crashesofgeneralaviationaircraftaccountfor85percentofallaviationdeathsintheUnitedStates.ThecrashrateformalepilotsasformotorvehicledriversexceedsthatofcrashesoffemalepilotsexplainsSusanP.BakerMPHprofessorofhealthpolicyandmanagementattheBloombergSchoolofPublicHealth.Becausepilotyouthandinexperienceareestablishedcontributorstoaviationcrasheswefocusedononlymaturepilotstodeterminethegenderdifferencesinthereasonsforthecrash. Theresearchersextracteddataforthisstudyfromalargeresearchprojectonpilotagingandflightsafety.Thedataweregatheredfromgeneralaviationcrashesofairplanesandhelicoptersbetween1983and1997involving144femalepilotsand267malepilotsaged40-63.Femalepilotswerematchedwithmalepilotsina1:2ratiobyageclassesofmedicalandpilotcertificatesstateorareaofcrashandyearofcrash.Thenthecircumstancesofthecrashesandthepiloterrorinvolvedwerecategorizedandcodedwithoutknowledgeofpilotgender. Theresearchersfoundthatlossofcontrolonlandingortakeoffwasthemostcommoncircumstanceforbothsexesleadingto59percentoffemalepilots’crashesand36percentofmales’’.Experiencingmechanicalfailurerunningoutoffuelandlandingtheplanewiththelandinggearupwereamongthefactorsmorelikelywithmaleswhilestallingwasmorelikelywithfemales. Themajorityofthecrashes—95percentforfemalesand88percentformales—involvedatleastonetypeofpiloterror.Mishandlingaircraftkineticswasthemostcommonerrorforbothsexesbutwasmorecommonamongfemalesaccountingfor81percentofthecrashesthanmalesaccountingfor48percent.Maleshoweverappearedmorelikelytobeguiltyofpoordecision-makingrisk-takingandinattentivenessexamplesofwhichincludemisjudgingweatherandvisibilityorflyinganaircraftwithaknowndefect.Femalesthoughmorelikelytomishandleorlosecontroloftheaircraftweregenerallymorecarefulthantheirmalecounterparts. inattention/n.疏忽 aviation/n.航空 flawed/adj.有缺陷的 mishandle/v.瞎弄乱处理 MPHMasterofPublicHealth公共卫生硕士 gender/n.性性别 runout耗尽用完 stallv.飞机失速发动机熄火 kinetics/n.动力学 WhatistheresearchatJohnsHopkinsUniversityabout?
IsThisASenselessNotion? Thereisasenselessnotionthatchildrengrowupandleavehomewhentheyare18andthetruthisfarfromthatsociologistLarryBumpassoftheUniversityofWisconsinsays.Todayunexpectednumbersofyoungadultsarelivingwiththeirparents.ThereisamajorshiftinthemiddleclassdeclaressociologistAllanSchnailbergofNorthwesternUniversitywhoseson19movedbackafteranabsenceofeightmonths. Analysisciteavarietyofreasonsforthisreturntothenest.Themarriageageisrisingaconditionthatmakeshomeanditspleasantnessparticularlyattractivetoyoungpeople.Ahighdivorcerateandadecliningremarriageratearemakingeconomicallypressedandemotionallyhurtsurvivorsbacktoparentalshelters.Forsometheexpenseofanaway-fromhomecollegeeducationhasbecomesoexcessivelygreatthatmanystudentsnowattendlocalschools.Evenaftergraduationyoungpeoplefindtheirwingsclippedbytheskyrocketinghousingcosts. LivingathomesaysKnightonaschoolteachercontinuestogivehersecurityandmoralsupport.Hermotheragreed.It’’sridiculousforthekidstopayallthatmoneyforrent.Itmakessenseforkidstostayathome.Butsharingthefamilyrequiresadjustmentsforall.Therearethehasslesoverbathroomstelephonesandprivacy.Somefamilieshowevermanagethedelicatebalancingact.Butforothersitprovestoodifficult.MichelleDelTurco24hasbeenreturnedhomethreetimesandleftthreetimes.WhatIconsideredasocialdrinkmydadconsideredanalcoholproblemsheexplains.HeneverlikedanyoneIdatedsoIeitherhadtohideawayormeetthematfriends’houses. Justhowlongshouldadultchildrenlivewiththeirparentsbeforemovingon?Mostpsychologistsfeellengthyhomecomingsareamistake.Childrenstrugglingtoestablishseparateidentitiescanendupwithasenseofinadequacydefeatandfailure.Andagingparentswhoshouldbeenjoyingsomefinancialandpersonalfreedomfindthemselvesstuckwithresponsibilities.Manyagreethatbriefvisitshowevercanworkedbeneficially. Accordingtothepassagewhatisthebestforbothparentsandchildren?
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{{*HTML*}}阅读下面这篇短文短文后列出7个句子请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断 ??????? ??????????? ???{{B}}InventorofLED{{/B}}??WhenNickHolonyak setouttocreateanewkindofvisiblelightingusingsemiconductoralloyshis colleaguesthoughthewasunrealistic.Todayhisdiscoveryoflight-emitting diodesorLEDsareusedineverythingfromDVDstoalarmclockstoairports. Dozensofhisstudentshavecontinuedhisworkdevelopinglightingusedin trafficlightsandothereverydaytechnology.??OnApril232004 Holonyakreceivedthe$500000Lemelson-MITPrizeataceremonyinWashington. Thismarksthe10thyearthattheLemelson-MITProgramattheMassachusetts InstituteofTechnologyMIThasgiventheawardtoprominent inventors.??Anytimeyougetanawardbigorlittleit’salways asurpriseHolonyaksaid.??Holonyak75wasastudentofJohn Bardeenaninventorofthetransistorintheearly1950s.Aftergraduate schoolHolonyakworkedatBellLabs.HelaterwenttoGeneralElectricwhere heinventedaswitchnowwidelyusedinhousedimmerswitches.? ?LaterHolonyakstartedlookingintohowsemiconductorscouldbeusedto generatelight.Butwhilehiscolleagueswerelookingathowtogenerate invisiblelighthewantedtogeneratevisiblelight.TheLEDsheinventedin 1962nowlastabout10timeslongerthanincandescentbulbsandaremore environmentallyfriendlyandcosteffective.??Holonyaknowa professorofelectricalandcomputerengineeringandphysicsattheUniversity ofIllinoissaidhesuspectedthatLEDswouldbecomeascommonplaceastheyare todaybutdidn’trealizehowmanyusestheywouldhave.??You don’tknowinthebeginning.Youthinkyou’redoingsomethingimportantyou thinkit’sworthdoingbutyoureallycan’ttellwhatthebigpayoffisgoing tobeandwhenandhow.Youjustdon’tknowhesaid.??The Lemelson-MITProgramalsorecognizedEdithFlanigen75withthe$100000 Lemelson-MITLifetimeAchievementAwardforherworkonanewgenerationof molecularsievesthatcanseparatemoleculesby size.HolonyakbelievedthatLEDswouldbecomeverypopularinthefuture.
{{*HTML*}}阅读下面这篇短文短文后有2项测试任务1第23～26题要求．从所给的6个选项中为第2～5段每段选择1个正确的小标题2第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确选项分别完成每个句子 ?????????? ????{{B}}MoreThan8HoursSleepTooMuchofaGood Thing{{/B}}??1?Althoughthedangersoftoolittlesleepare widelyknownnewresearchsuggeststhatpeoplewhosleeptoomuchmayalso suffertheconsequences.??2?InvestigatorsattheUniversity ofCaliforniainSanDiegofoundthatpeoplewhoclockup9or10hourseach weeknightappeartohavemoretroublefallingandstayingasleepaswellasa. numberofothersleepproblemsthanpeoplewhosleep8hoursanight.People whosleptonly?hourseachnightalsosaidtheyhadmoretroublefallingasleep andfeelingrefreshedafteranight’ssleepthan8-hoursleepers.? ?3?ThesefindingswhichDr.DanielKripkereportedinthejournal PsychosomaticMedicinedemonstratethatpeoplewhowanttogetagoodnight’s restmaynotneedtosetasidemorethanghoursanight.Headdedthatit mightbeagoodideaforpeoplewhosleepmorethan8hourseachnightto considerreducingtheamountoftimetheyspendinbedbutcautionedthatmore researchisneededtoconfirmthis.??4?Previousstudies haveshownthepotentialdangersofchronicshortagesofsleep--forinstance onereportdemonstratedthatpeoplewhohabituallysleeplessthan7hourseach nighthaveahigherriskofdyingwithinafixedperiodthanpeoplewhosleep more.??5?ForthecurrentreportKripkereviewedthe responsesof1004adultstosleepquestionnairesinwhichparticipants indicatedhowmuchtheysleptduringtheweekandwhethertheyexperiencedany sleepproblems.Sleepproblemsincludedwakinginthemiddleofthenight arisingearlyinthemorningandbeingunabletofallbacktosleepandhaving fatigueinterferewithday-to-dayfunctioning.??6?Kripke foundthatpeoplewhosleptbetween9and10hourseachnightweremorelikely toreportexperiencingeachsleepproblemthanpeoplewhoslept8hours.Inan interviewKripkenotedthatlongsleepersmaystruggletogetrestatnight simplybecausetheyspendtoomuchtimeinbed.Asevidenceheaddedthatone waytohelpinsomniaistospendlesstimeinbed.Itstandstoreasonthatif apersonspendstoolongatimeinbedthenthey’llspendahigherpercentage oftimeawakehesaid.Paragraph2______ A?Kripke’sResearchToo1 B?DangersofHabitualShortagesofSleep C?CriticismonKripke’sReport D?AWayofOvercomingInsomnia E?SleepProblemsofLongandShortSleepers F?ClassificationofSleepProblems
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{{*HTML*}}下面有3篇短文每篇短文后有5道题每题后面有4个选项请仔细阅读短文并根据短文回答其后面的问题从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案{{B}}第一篇{{/B}} ??????? ????????{{B}}FordAbandonsElectric Vehicles{{/B}}??TheFordmotorcompany’sabandonmentofelectric carseffectivelysignalstheendoftheroadforthetechnologyanalysts say.??GeneralMotorsandHondaceasedproductionof battery-poweredcarsin1999tofocusonfuelcellandhybridelectricgasoline engineswhicharemoreattractivetotheconsumer.Fordhasnowannouncedit willdothesame.??Threeyearsagothecompanyintroducedthe ThinkCitytwo-seatercarandagolfcartcalledtheTHINKorThinkNeighborIt hopedtosell5000carseachyearand10000carts.Butalackofdemandmeans onlyabout1000ofthecarshavebeenproducedandlessthan1700cartshave beensoldsofarin2002.??Thebottomlineiswedon’tbelieve thatthisisthefutureofenvironmenttransportforthemassmarketTim HolmesofFordEuropesaidonFriday.Wefeelwehavegivenelectricourbest shot.??TheThinkCityhasarangeofonlyabout55milesandup toasix-hourbatteryrechargetime.GeneralMotors’EVIelectricvehiclealso hadalimitedrangeofabout100miles.??Theveryexpensive batteriesalsomeanelectriccarscostmuchmorethanpetrol-powered alternatives.AnelectricToyotaRAV4EVvehiclecostsover$42000intheUS comparedwithjust$17000forthepetrolversion.ToyotaandNissanarenow theonlymajorautomanufacturerstoproduceelectricvehicles.? ?Thereisafeelingthatbatteryelectrichasbeengivenitschance.Ford nowhastomoveonwithitshybridprogramandthatiswhatwewillbejudging themonRogerHigmanaseniortransportcampaigneratUKFriendsofthe EarthtoldtheEnvironmentNewsService.??Hybridcarsintroduced byToyotaandHondainthepastfewyearshavesoldwell.Hybridenginesoffer greatermileagethanpetrol-onlyenginesandthebatteriesrechargethemselves. Fordsaysitthinkssuchvehicleswillhelpitmeetplannednewguidelineson vehicleemissionsintheUS.??Howeveritisnotyetclear exactlywhatthoseguidelineswillpermit.InJuneGeneralMotorsandDaimler ChryslerwonacourtinjunctiondelayingbytwoyearsCalifornianlegislation requiringcar-makerstooffer100000zero-emissionandotherlow-emission vehiclesinthestateby2003.Carmanufacturershopethelegislationwillbe rewrittentoallowformorelow-emissionratherthanzero-emission vehicles.Whichautomanufacturersarestillproducingelectricvehicles?
HeartAttack IntheUnitedStatesandespeciallyinbigcitiesandruralareastensofthousandsofpeoplewithheartsthatshouldbegood【51】tokeepthemalivedieeachyearforlackofadequatefirstaid.InNewYorkCityforexampleanewstudyhasshownthatonlyonepersonin100outsideofhospitals【52】aftertheheartsuddenlystopspumping.IncontrastinSeattlethesurvival【53】aftersuchheartattacksisoneinfive. Thedifferencecanbetraced【54】theeffectivenessofthechainofsurvivalDr.JosephP.Ornatosaid.Eachlinkinthe【55】mustbestrongenoughformanylivestobe【56】. Thechainbeginswithanimmediatetelephone【57】foremergencyhelpandthestartwithinfourminutesoftheprocessneededforrestartingthe【58】workingbyafamilymemberorbystander旁观者. Itcontinueswiththepromptarrival-------withineight【59】tenminutesofarescuerequippedwithaspecialinstrumentthatcanshocktheheartbacktoanormalrhythm.Anditendswiththeadministration给予实施ofadvanced先进emergencycarebynursestomaintaintheheart’’sabilitytosurviveuntilthedoctorsatthehospitalscantake【60】Whenoneormorelinksinthischainfailorfunctiontooslowlythe【61】ofavictimsurvivingheartattackfallsrapidly.Becauseofwidespreadweaknessesinthechainof【62】expertsinemergencyheartcareestimatethat20000to80000people【63】needlesslyofheartattackeachyearanumbercomparabletothe55000killedannuallyinautomobile【64】. OneexpertsaysSendinganemergencyvehicletoaheartattackvictim【65】thespecialequipmentislikehavingpolicemenwithgunsbutnobullets.Theymayputonagoodshowbuttheylacktheweaponneededtogetthejobdone.
{{*HTML*}}阅读下面这篇短文短文后列出7个句子请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断 ??????? ??????????? ???{{B}}InventorofLED{{/B}}??WhenNickHolonyak setouttocreateanewkindofvisiblelightingusingsemiconductoralloyshis colleaguesthoughthewasunrealistic.Todayhisdiscoveryoflight-emitting diodesorLEDsareusedineverythingfromDVDstoalarmclockstoairports. Dozensofhisstudentshavecontinuedhisworkdevelopinglightingusedin trafficlightsandothereverydaytechnology.??OnApril232004 Holonyakreceivedthe$500000Lemelson-MITPrizeataceremonyinWashington. Thismarksthe10thyearthattheLemelson-MITProgramattheMassachusetts InstituteofTechnologyMIThasgiventheawardtoprominent inventors.??Anytimeyougetanawardbigorlittleit’salways asurpriseHolonyaksaid.??Holonyak75wasastudentofJohn Bardeenaninventorofthetransistorintheearly1950s.Aftergraduate schoolHolonyakworkedatBellLabs.HelaterwenttoGeneralElectricwhere heinventedaswitchnowwidelyusedinhousedimmerswitches.? ?LaterHolonyakstartedlookingintohowsemiconductorscouldbeusedto generatelight.Butwhilehiscolleagueswerelookingathowtogenerate invisiblelighthewantedtogeneratevisiblelight.TheLEDsheinventedin 1962nowlastabout10timeslongerthanincandescentbulbsandaremore environmentallyfriendlyandcosteffective.??Holonyaknowa professorofelectricalandcomputerengineeringandphysicsattheUniversity ofIllinoissaidhesuspectedthatLEDswouldbecomeascommonplaceastheyare todaybutdidn’trealizehowmanyusestheywouldhave.??You don’tknowinthebeginning.Youthinkyou’redoingsomethingimportantyou thinkit’sworthdoingbutyoureallycan’ttellwhatthebigpayoffisgoing tobeandwhenandhow.Youjustdon’tknowhesaid.??The Lemelson-MITProgramalsorecognizedEdithFlanigen75withthe$100000 Lemelson-MITLifetimeAchievementAwardforherworkonanewgenerationof molecularsievesthatcanseparatemoleculesby size.HolonyakbelievedthathisstudentsthatwereworkingwithhimontheprojectwouldgettheLemelson-MITPrizesoonerorlater.
{{*HTML*}}阅读下面这篇短文短文后列出7个句子请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断 ??????? ??????????? ???{{B}}InventorofLED{{/B}}??WhenNickHolonyak setouttocreateanewkindofvisiblelightingusingsemiconductoralloyshis colleaguesthoughthewasunrealistic.Todayhisdiscoveryoflight-emitting diodesorLEDsareusedineverythingfromDVDstoalarmclockstoairports. Dozensofhisstudentshavecontinuedhisworkdevelopinglightingusedin trafficlightsandothereverydaytechnology.??OnApril232004 Holonyakreceivedthe$500000Lemelson-MITPrizeataceremonyinWashington. Thismarksthe10thyearthattheLemelson-MITProgramattheMassachusetts InstituteofTechnologyMIThasgiventheawardtoprominent inventors.??Anytimeyougetanawardbigorlittleit’salways asurpriseHolonyaksaid.??Holonyak75wasastudentofJohn Bardeenaninventorofthetransistorintheearly1950s.Aftergraduate schoolHolonyakworkedatBellLabs.HelaterwenttoGeneralElectricwhere heinventedaswitchnowwidelyusedinhousedimmerswitches.? ?LaterHolonyakstartedlookingintohowsemiconductorscouldbeusedto generatelight.Butwhilehiscolleagueswerelookingathowtogenerate invisiblelighthewantedtogeneratevisiblelight.TheLEDsheinventedin 1962nowlastabout10timeslongerthanincandescentbulbsandaremore environmentallyfriendlyandcosteffective.??Holonyaknowa professorofelectricalandcomputerengineeringandphysicsattheUniversity ofIllinoissaidhesuspectedthatLEDswouldbecomeascommonplaceastheyare todaybutdidn’trealizehowmanyusestheywouldhave.??You don’tknowinthebeginning.Youthinkyou’redoingsomethingimportantyou thinkit’sworthdoingbutyoureallycan’ttellwhatthebigpayoffisgoing tobeandwhenandhow.Youjustdon’tknowhesaid.??The Lemelson-MITProgramalsorecognizedEdithFlanigen75withthe$100000 Lemelson-MITLifetimeAchievementAwardforherworkonanewgenerationof molecularsievesthatcanseparatemoleculesby size.EdithFlanigenistheonlyco-inventorofLEDs.
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{{*HTML*}}阅读下面这篇短文短文后有2项测试任务1第23～26题要求．从所给的6个选项中为第2～5段每段选择1个正确的小标题2第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确选项分别完成每个句子 ?????????? ????{{B}}MoreThan8HoursSleepTooMuchofaGood Thing{{/B}}??1?Althoughthedangersoftoolittlesleepare widelyknownnewresearchsuggeststhatpeoplewhosleeptoomuchmayalso suffertheconsequences.??2?InvestigatorsattheUniversity ofCaliforniainSanDiegofoundthatpeoplewhoclockup9or10hourseach weeknightappeartohavemoretroublefallingandstayingasleepaswellasa. numberofothersleepproblemsthanpeoplewhosleep8hoursanight.People whosleptonly?hourseachnightalsosaidtheyhadmoretroublefallingasleep andfeelingrefreshedafteranight’ssleepthan8-hoursleepers.? ?3?ThesefindingswhichDr.DanielKripkereportedinthejournal PsychosomaticMedicinedemonstratethatpeoplewhowanttogetagoodnight’s restmaynotneedtosetasidemorethanghoursanight.Headdedthatit mightbeagoodideaforpeoplewhosleepmorethan8hourseachnightto considerreducingtheamountoftimetheyspendinbedbutcautionedthatmore researchisneededtoconfirmthis.??4?Previousstudies haveshownthepotentialdangersofchronicshortagesofsleep--forinstance onereportdemonstratedthatpeoplewhohabituallysleeplessthan7hourseach nighthaveahigherriskofdyingwithinafixedperiodthanpeoplewhosleep more.??5?ForthecurrentreportKripkereviewedthe responsesof1004adultstosleepquestionnairesinwhichparticipants indicatedhowmuchtheysleptduringtheweekandwhethertheyexperiencedany sleepproblems.Sleepproblemsincludedwakinginthemiddleofthenight arisingearlyinthemorningandbeingunabletofallbacktosleepandhaving fatigueinterferewithday-to-dayfunctioning.??6?Kripke foundthatpeoplewhosleptbetween9and10hourseachnightweremorelikely toreportexperiencingeachsleepproblemthanpeoplewhoslept8hours.Inan interviewKripkenotedthatlongsleepersmaystruggletogetrestatnight simplybecausetheyspendtoomuchtimeinbed.Asevidenceheaddedthatone waytohelpinsomniaistospendlesstimeinbed.Itstandstoreasonthatif apersonspendstoolongatimeinbedthenthey’llspendahigherpercentage oftimeawakehesaid.Paragraph5______
HeartAttack IntheUnitedStatesandespeciallyinbigcitiesandruralareastensofthousandsofpeoplewithheartsthatshouldbegood【51】tokeepthemalivedieeachyearforlackofadequatefirstaid.InNewYorkCityforexampleanewstudyhasshownthatonlyonepersonin100outsideofhospitals【52】aftertheheartsuddenlystopspumping.IncontrastinSeattlethesurvival【53】aftersuchheartattacksisoneinfive. Thedifferencecanbetraced【54】theeffectivenessofthechainofsurvivalDr.JosephP.Ornatosaid.Eachlinkinthe【55】mustbestrongenoughformanylivestobe【56】. Thechainbeginswithanimmediatetelephone【57】foremergencyhelpandthestartwithinfourminutesoftheprocessneededforrestartingthe【58】workingbyafamilymemberorbystander旁观者. Itcontinueswiththepromptarrival-------withineight【59】tenminutesofarescuerequippedwithaspecialinstrumentthatcanshocktheheartbacktoanormalrhythm.Anditendswiththeadministration给予实施ofadvanced先进emergencycarebynursestomaintaintheheart’’sabilitytosurviveuntilthedoctorsatthehospitalscantake【60】Whenoneormorelinksinthischainfailorfunctiontooslowlythe【61】ofavictimsurvivingheartattackfallsrapidly.Becauseofwidespreadweaknessesinthechainof【62】expertsinemergencyheartcareestimatethat20000to80000people【63】needlesslyofheartattackeachyearanumbercomparabletothe55000killedannuallyinautomobile【64】. OneexpertsaysSendinganemergencyvehicletoaheartattackvictim【65】thespecialequipmentislikehavingpolicemenwithgunsbutnobullets.Theymayputonagoodshowbuttheylacktheweaponneededtogetthejobdone.
HeartAttack IntheUnitedStatesandespeciallyinbigcitiesandruralareastensofthousandsofpeoplewithheartsthatshouldbegood【51】tokeepthemalivedieeachyearforlackofadequatefirstaid.InNewYorkCityforexampleanewstudyhasshownthatonlyonepersonin100outsideofhospitals【52】aftertheheartsuddenlystopspumping.IncontrastinSeattlethesurvival【53】aftersuchheartattacksisoneinfive. Thedifferencecanbetraced【54】theeffectivenessofthechainofsurvivalDr.JosephP.Ornatosaid.Eachlinkinthe【55】mustbestrongenoughformanylivestobe【56】. Thechainbeginswithanimmediatetelephone【57】foremergencyhelpandthestartwithinfourminutesoftheprocessneededforrestartingthe【58】workingbyafamilymemberorbystander旁观者. Itcontinueswiththepromptarrival-------withineight【59】tenminutesofarescuerequippedwithaspecialinstrumentthatcanshocktheheartbacktoanormalrhythm.Anditendswiththeadministration给予实施ofadvanced先进emergencycarebynursestomaintaintheheart’’sabilitytosurviveuntilthedoctorsatthehospitalscantake【60】Whenoneormorelinksinthischainfailorfunctiontooslowlythe【61】ofavictimsurvivingheartattackfallsrapidly.Becauseofwidespreadweaknessesinthechainof【62】expertsinemergencyheartcareestimatethat20000to80000people【63】needlesslyofheartattackeachyearanumbercomparabletothe55000killedannuallyinautomobile【64】. OneexpertsaysSendinganemergencyvehicletoaheartattackvictim【65】thespecialequipmentislikehavingpolicemenwithgunsbutnobullets.Theymayputonagoodshowbuttheylacktheweaponneededtogetthejobdone.
{{*HTML*}}下面有3篇短文每篇短文后有5道题每题后面有4个选项请仔细阅读短文并根据短文回答其后面的问题从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案{{B}}第一篇{{/B}} ??????? ????????{{B}}FordAbandonsElectric Vehicles{{/B}}??TheFordmotorcompany’sabandonmentofelectric carseffectivelysignalstheendoftheroadforthetechnologyanalysts say.??GeneralMotorsandHondaceasedproductionof battery-poweredcarsin1999tofocusonfuelcellandhybridelectricgasoline engineswhicharemoreattractivetotheconsumer.Fordhasnowannouncedit willdothesame.??Threeyearsagothecompanyintroducedthe ThinkCitytwo-seatercarandagolfcartcalledtheTHINKorThinkNeighborIt hopedtosell5000carseachyearand10000carts.Butalackofdemandmeans onlyabout1000ofthecarshavebeenproducedandlessthan1700cartshave beensoldsofarin2002.??Thebottomlineiswedon’tbelieve thatthisisthefutureofenvironmenttransportforthemassmarketTim HolmesofFordEuropesaidonFriday.Wefeelwehavegivenelectricourbest shot.??TheThinkCityhasarangeofonlyabout55milesandup toasix-hourbatteryrechargetime.GeneralMotors’EVIelectricvehiclealso hadalimitedrangeofabout100miles.??Theveryexpensive batteriesalsomeanelectriccarscostmuchmorethanpetrol-powered alternatives.AnelectricToyotaRAV4EVvehiclecostsover$42000intheUS comparedwithjust$17000forthepetrolversion.ToyotaandNissanarenow theonlymajorautomanufacturerstoproduceelectricvehicles.? ?Thereisafeelingthatbatteryelectrichasbeengivenitschance.Ford nowhastomoveonwithitshybridprogramandthatiswhatwewillbejudging themonRogerHigmanaseniortransportcampaigneratUKFriendsofthe EarthtoldtheEnvironmentNewsService.??Hybridcarsintroduced byToyotaandHondainthepastfewyearshavesoldwell.Hybridenginesoffer greatermileagethanpetrol-onlyenginesandthebatteriesrechargethemselves. Fordsaysitthinkssuchvehicleswillhelpitmeetplannednewguidelineson vehicleemissionsintheUS.??Howeveritisnotyetclear exactlywhatthoseguidelineswillpermit.InJuneGeneralMotorsandDaimler ChryslerwonacourtinjunctiondelayingbytwoyearsCalifornianlegislation requiringcar-makerstooffer100000zero-emissionandotherlow-emission vehiclesinthestateby2003.Carmanufacturershopethelegislationwillbe rewrittentoallowformorelow-emissionratherthanzero-emission vehicles.WhathavetheFordmotorcompanyGeneralMotor’sandHondadoneconcerningelectriccars?
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{{*HTML*}}阅读下面这篇短文短文后有2项测试任务1第23～26题要求．从所给的6个选项中为第2～5段每段选择1个正确的小标题2第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确选项分别完成每个句子 ?????????? ????{{B}}MoreThan8HoursSleepTooMuchofaGood Thing{{/B}}??1?Althoughthedangersoftoolittlesleepare widelyknownnewresearchsuggeststhatpeoplewhosleeptoomuchmayalso suffertheconsequences.??2?InvestigatorsattheUniversity ofCaliforniainSanDiegofoundthatpeoplewhoclockup9or10hourseach weeknightappeartohavemoretroublefallingandstayingasleepaswellasa. numberofothersleepproblemsthanpeoplewhosleep8hoursanight.People whosleptonly?hourseachnightalsosaidtheyhadmoretroublefallingasleep andfeelingrefreshedafteranight’ssleepthan8-hoursleepers.? ?3?ThesefindingswhichDr.DanielKripkereportedinthejournal PsychosomaticMedicinedemonstratethatpeoplewhowanttogetagoodnight’s restmaynotneedtosetasidemorethanghoursanight.Headdedthatit mightbeagoodideaforpeoplewhosleepmorethan8hourseachnightto considerreducingtheamountoftimetheyspendinbedbutcautionedthatmore researchisneededtoconfirmthis.??4?Previousstudies haveshownthepotentialdangersofchronicshortagesofsleep--forinstance onereportdemonstratedthatpeoplewhohabituallysleeplessthan7hourseach nighthaveahigherriskofdyingwithinafixedperiodthanpeoplewhosleep more.??5?ForthecurrentreportKripkereviewedthe responsesof1004adultstosleepquestionnairesinwhichparticipants indicatedhowmuchtheysleptduringtheweekandwhethertheyexperiencedany sleepproblems.Sleepproblemsincludedwakinginthemiddleofthenight arisingearlyinthemorningandbeingunabletofallbacktosleepandhaving fatigueinterferewithday-to-dayfunctioning.??6?Kripke foundthatpeoplewhosleptbetween9and10hourseachnightweremorelikely toreportexperiencingeachsleepproblemthanpeoplewhoslept8hours.Inan interviewKripkenotedthatlongsleepersmaystruggletogetrestatnight simplybecausetheyspendtoomuchtimeinbed.Asevidenceheaddedthatone waytohelpinsomniaistospendlesstimeinbed.Itstandstoreasonthatif apersonspendstoolongatimeinbedthenthey’llspendahigherpercentage oftimeawakehesaid.Togetagoodnight’srestpeoplemaynotneedto______. A?fallasleepagain. B?becomemoreenergeticthefollowingday C?sleeplessthan7hours D?confirmthoseseriousconsequences E?suffersleepproblems F?sleepmorethan8hours
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{{*HTML*}}阅读下面这篇短文短文后有2项测试任务1第23～26题要求．从所给的6个选项中为第2～5段每段选择1个正确的小标题2第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确选项分别完成每个句子 ?????????? ????{{B}}MoreThan8HoursSleepTooMuchofaGood Thing{{/B}}??1?Althoughthedangersoftoolittlesleepare widelyknownnewresearchsuggeststhatpeoplewhosleeptoomuchmayalso suffertheconsequences.??2?InvestigatorsattheUniversity ofCaliforniainSanDiegofoundthatpeoplewhoclockup9or10hourseach weeknightappeartohavemoretroublefallingandstayingasleepaswellasa. numberofothersleepproblemsthanpeoplewhosleep8hoursanight.People whosleptonly?hourseachnightalsosaidtheyhadmoretroublefallingasleep andfeelingrefreshedafteranight’ssleepthan8-hoursleepers.? ?3?ThesefindingswhichDr.DanielKripkereportedinthejournal PsychosomaticMedicinedemonstratethatpeoplewhowanttogetagoodnight’s restmaynotneedtosetasidemorethanghoursanight.Headdedthatit mightbeagoodideaforpeoplewhosleepmorethan8hourseachnightto considerreducingtheamountoftimetheyspendinbedbutcautionedthatmore researchisneededtoconfirmthis.??4?Previousstudies haveshownthepotentialdangersofchronicshortagesofsleep--forinstance onereportdemonstratedthatpeoplewhohabituallysleeplessthan7hourseach nighthaveahigherriskofdyingwithinafixedperiodthanpeoplewhosleep more.??5?ForthecurrentreportKripkereviewedthe responsesof1004adultstosleepquestionnairesinwhichparticipants indicatedhowmuchtheysleptduringtheweekandwhethertheyexperiencedany sleepproblems.Sleepproblemsincludedwakinginthemiddleofthenight arisingearlyinthemorningandbeingunabletofallbacktosleepandhaving fatigueinterferewithday-to-dayfunctioning.??6?Kripke foundthatpeoplewhosleptbetween9and10hourseachnightweremorelikely toreportexperiencingeachsleepproblemthanpeoplewhoslept8hours.Inan interviewKripkenotedthatlongsleepersmaystruggletogetrestatnight simplybecausetheyspendtoomuchtimeinbed.Asevidenceheaddedthatone waytohelpinsomniaistospendlesstimeinbed.Itstandstoreasonthatif apersonspendstoolongatimeinbedthenthey’llspendahigherpercentage oftimeawakehesaid.Oneofthesleepproblemsiswakinginthemiddleofthenightunableto______.
HeartAttack IntheUnitedStatesandespeciallyinbigcitiesandruralareastensofthousandsofpeoplewithheartsthatshouldbegood【51】tokeepthemalivedieeachyearforlackofadequatefirstaid.InNewYorkCityforexampleanewstudyhasshownthatonlyonepersonin100outsideofhospitals【52】aftertheheartsuddenlystopspumping.IncontrastinSeattlethesurvival【53】aftersuchheartattacksisoneinfive. Thedifferencecanbetraced【54】theeffectivenessofthechainofsurvivalDr.JosephP.Ornatosaid.Eachlinkinthe【55】mustbestrongenoughformanylivestobe【56】. Thechainbeginswithanimmediatetelephone【57】foremergencyhelpandthestartwithinfourminutesoftheprocessneededforrestartingthe【58】workingbyafamilymemberorbystander旁观者. Itcontinueswiththepromptarrival-------withineight【59】tenminutesofarescuerequippedwithaspecialinstrumentthatcanshocktheheartbacktoanormalrhythm.Anditendswiththeadministration给予实施ofadvanced先进emergencycarebynursestomaintaintheheart’’sabilitytosurviveuntilthedoctorsatthehospitalscantake【60】Whenoneormorelinksinthischainfailorfunctiontooslowlythe【61】ofavictimsurvivingheartattackfallsrapidly.Becauseofwidespreadweaknessesinthechainof【62】expertsinemergencyheartcareestimatethat20000to80000people【63】needlesslyofheartattackeachyearanumbercomparabletothe55000killedannuallyinautomobile【64】. OneexpertsaysSendinganemergencyvehicletoaheartattackvictim【65】thespecialequipmentislikehavingpolicemenwithgunsbutnobullets.Theymayputonagoodshowbuttheylacktheweaponneededtogetthejobdone.
OntheTrain ThenighttrainfromGlasgowwassocrowdedthatDonaldwhowasonhiswaytoLondontofindatemporaryjobfortheuniversityvacationwishedthathehaddecidedtotravelbyday.Hehadneverbeensohardup. Hegotonthetrainandwalkedalongthecorridorofthesecond-classcompartments.Hecouldn’’tfindaseatanywhere.Hecouldnotaffordtotravelfirstclassandhedidnotwanttostandinthecorridor.Neitherdidhewanttositonhissuitcase.Hewassotiredthathedecidedtositdowninafirstclasscompartmentatleastforawhile.Hesoonfoundonewithasingleoccupant乘客agentlemanreadingdocumentsfromabriefcase.Withtheself-assuranceofafirstclasstravelerheopenedthedoorandwentin.Nosoonerhadhesatdownthantheticketinspectorarrived.Whatbadluck!Nowhewouldhavetopaytheexcess额外的fare.Asheturnedouthispockettofindenoughmoneyhesawthegentlemanwaswatchinghimwithamusement.Itwashumiliating令人感到羞辱的.Howeverhewassotiredthathesoonfellasleep. Presentlyhearinganoisehehalfopenedhiseyes.Notonlydidhenoticethathistravelingcompanionhadgonebuthealsosawthatarough-lookingmanwassearchingthroughthebusinessman’’sbriefcase.Donaldgrabbedthebriefcaseandwrenched猛夺itfreekickingattheman’’sleg.Themanfled. ThenthebusinessmanreturnedandfoundDonaldholdingthebriefcaseandpeeringinsideit.Donaldrealizedthathewasinquiteanawkwardsituationbutthemanwassmiling.Norwasthistheonlysurprisingthing.NotonlywasthegentlemanwhointroducedhimselfasMr.SmithsmilingbuthethankedDonaldwarmly.OnhiswaybacktothecompartmentMr.Smithhadseenthemanleavinginagreathurry.HehadsoquicklyassessedthesituationthatheknewDonaldwasinnocent. OnlyafteralongchatinwhichDonaldwasaskedmanyquestionsabouthimselfdidDonalddiscoverthatMr.SmithwasinfactmanagingdirectorofalargefactoryinLondon.DonaldhadneverimaginedthatthisstrangeincidentwouldhelphimtofindajobbutjustastheywereleavingthetrainMr.SmithofferedhimthepostoftemporaryNightSecurityOfficerforhisfactory. Whichofthefollowingwordsisclosestinmeaningtoawkwardinparagraph4?
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HeartAttack IntheUnitedStatesandespeciallyinbigcitiesandruralareastensofthousandsofpeoplewithheartsthatshouldbegood【51】tokeepthemalivedieeachyearforlackofadequatefirstaid.InNewYorkCityforexampleanewstudyhasshownthatonlyonepersonin100outsideofhospitals【52】aftertheheartsuddenlystopspumping.IncontrastinSeattlethesurvival【53】aftersuchheartattacksisoneinfive. Thedifferencecanbetraced【54】theeffectivenessofthechainofsurvivalDr.JosephP.Ornatosaid.Eachlinkinthe【55】mustbestrongenoughformanylivestobe【56】. Thechainbeginswithanimmediatetelephone【57】foremergencyhelpandthestartwithinfourminutesoftheprocessneededforrestartingthe【58】workingbyafamilymemberorbystander旁观者. Itcontinueswiththepromptarrival-------withineight【59】tenminutesofarescuerequippedwithaspecialinstrumentthatcanshocktheheartbacktoanormalrhythm.Anditendswiththeadministration给予实施ofadvanced先进emergencycarebynursestomaintaintheheart’’sabilitytosurviveuntilthedoctorsatthehospitalscantake【60】Whenoneormorelinksinthischainfailorfunctiontooslowlythe【61】ofavictimsurvivingheartattackfallsrapidly.Becauseofwidespreadweaknessesinthechainof【62】expertsinemergencyheartcareestimatethat20000to80000people【63】needlesslyofheartattackeachyearanumbercomparabletothe55000killedannuallyinautomobile【64】. OneexpertsaysSendinganemergencyvehicletoaheartattackvictim【65】thespecialequipmentislikehavingpolicemenwithgunsbutnobullets.Theymayputonagoodshowbuttheylacktheweaponneededtogetthejobdone.
MaleandFemalepilotscauseaccidentsdifferently MalepilotsflyinggeneralaviationprivateaircraftintheUnitedStatesaremorelikelytocrashduetoinattentionorflaweddecisionmakingwhilefemalepilotsaremorelikelytocrashfrommishandlingtheaircraft.ThesearetheresultsofastudybyresearchersattheJohnsHopkinsUniversityBloombergSchoolofPublicHealth. Thestudyidentifiesthedifferencesbetweenmaleandfemalepilotsintermsofcircumstancesofthecrashandthetypeofpilotserrorinvolved.Crashesofgeneralaviationaircraftaccountfor85percentofallaviationdeathsintheUnitedStates.ThecrashrateformalepilotsasformotorvehicledriversexceedsthatofcrashesoffemalepilotsexplainsSusanP.BakerMPHprofessorofhealthpolicyandmanagementattheBloombergSchoolofPublicHealth.Becausepilotyouthandinexperienceareestablishedcontributorstoaviationcrasheswefocusedononlymaturepilotstodeterminethegenderdifferencesinthereasonsforthecrash. Theresearchersextracteddataforthisstudyfromalargeresearchprojectonpilotagingandflightsafety.Thedataweregatheredfromgeneralaviationcrashesofairplanesandhelicoptersbetween1983and1997involving144femalepilotsand267malepilotsaged40-63.Femalepilotswerematchedwithmalepilotsina1:2ratiobyageclassesofmedicalandpilotcertificatesstateorareaofcrashandyearofcrash.Thenthecircumstancesofthecrashesandthepiloterrorinvolvedwerecategorizedandcodedwithoutknowledgeofpilotgender. Theresearchersfoundthatlossofcontrolonlandingortakeoffwasthemostcommoncircumstanceforbothsexesleadingto59percentoffemalepilots’crashesand36percentofmales’’.Experiencingmechanicalfailurerunningoutoffuelandlandingtheplanewiththelandinggearupwereamongthefactorsmorelikelywithmaleswhilestallingwasmorelikelywithfemales. Themajorityofthecrashes—95percentforfemalesand88percentformales—involvedatleastonetypeofpiloterror.Mishandlingaircraftkineticswasthemostcommonerrorforbothsexesbutwasmorecommonamongfemalesaccountingfor81percentofthecrashesthanmalesaccountingfor48percent.Maleshoweverappearedmorelikelytobeguiltyofpoordecision-makingrisk-takingandinattentivenessexamplesofwhichincludemisjudgingweatherandvisibilityorflyinganaircraftwithaknowndefect.Femalesthoughmorelikelytomishandleorlosecontroloftheaircraftweregenerallymorecarefulthantheirmalecounterparts. inattention/n.疏忽 aviation/n.航空 flawed/adj.有缺陷的 mishandle/v.瞎弄乱处理 MPHMasterofPublicHealth公共卫生硕士 gender/n.性性别 runout耗尽用完 stallv.飞机失速发动机熄火 kinetics/n.动力学 Howdidtheresearcherscarryouttheirstudy?
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