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{{*HTML*}}{{B}}第二篇{{/B}} ??????? ????????{{B}}Importanceof Services{{/B}}??TheUnitedStateshasmovedbeyondtheindustrial economystagetothepointwhereithasbecometheworld’sfirstservice economy.Almostthreefourthsofthenon-farmlaborforceisemployedinservice industriesandovertwo-thirdsofthenation’sgrossnationalproductis accountedforbyservices.Alsoservicejobstypicallyholdupbetterduringa recessionthandojobsinindustriesproducingtangiblegoods.? ?Duringthe20-yearperiodof1966to1986about36millionnewjobswere createdintheUnitedStates—farmorethaninJapanandWesternEurope combined.About90percentofthesejobswereinserviceindustries.During thissametimespansome22millionwomenjoinedthelaborforce—and97per centofthesewomenwenttoworkintheservicesector.Theseemploymenttrends areexpectedtocontinueatleastuntiltheyear2000.Fortheperiod1986—2000 theBureauofLaborStatisticspredictsthatover21millionnewjobswillbe createdand93percentofthemwillbeinserviceindustries.? ?Moreovermostofthisexplosivegrowthinservicesemploymentisnotin low—payingjobscontrarytothebeliefsofmanyeconomistsbusinessand laborleadersandpoliticians.Thesepeoplearguethatmanufacturingjobs whichhavebeentheeconomicfoundationofAmerica’smiddleclassare vanishing.Theyclaimthatfactoryworkersarebeingreplacedwithahostof low-wageearners.Itistruethatmanufacturingjobshavedeclinedwithmanyof themgoingtoforeigncountries.Itisalsotruethattherehasbeengrowthin somelow-payingservicejobs.Yetcooksandcounterpeoplestillrepresentonly 1percentoftheUSlaborforcetoday.Furthermoreformanyyearsthe fastest-growingoccupationalcategoryhasbeenprofessionaltechnicaland relatedwork.Thesejobspaywellabovetheaverageandmostareinservice industries.??Aboutone-halfofconsumerexpendituresareforthe purchaseofservices.Projectionstotheyear2000indicatethatserviceswill attractallevenlargershareofconsumerspending.Adrawbackoftheservice economyboomisthatthepricesofmostserviceshavebeengoingupata considerablyfasterratethanthepricesofmosttangibleproducts.Youare undoubtedlyawareofthisifyouhavehadyourcarorTVsetrepairedhadyour shoeshalf-soledorpaidamedicalbillinrecentyears.??When wesaythatservicesaccountforclosetoone-halfofconsumerexpenditureswe stillgrosslyunderstatetheeconomicimportanceofservices.Thesefiguresdo notincludethevastamountsspentforbusinessservices.Byallindications spendingforbusinessserviceshasincreasedevenmorerapidlythanspendingfor consumerservices.??grossnationalproduct国民生产总值略作 GNP??tangiblegoods有形商品??drawbackn.缺点; 不利条件Manyeconomistsbusinessandlaborleadersandpoliticiansbelievethat______.
Theconferenceexploredthepossibilityofclosertradelinks.
{{*HTML*}}{{B}}第二篇{{/B}} ??????? ????????{{B}}Importanceof Services{{/B}}??TheUnitedStateshasmovedbeyondtheindustrial economystagetothepointwhereithasbecometheworld’sfirstservice economy.Almostthreefourthsofthenon-farmlaborforceisemployedinservice industriesandovertwo-thirdsofthenation’sgrossnationalproductis accountedforbyservices.Alsoservicejobstypicallyholdupbetterduringa recessionthandojobsinindustriesproducingtangiblegoods.? ?Duringthe20-yearperiodof1966to1986about36millionnewjobswere createdintheUnitedStates—farmorethaninJapanandWesternEurope combined.About90percentofthesejobswereinserviceindustries.During thissametimespansome22millionwomenjoinedthelaborforce—and97per centofthesewomenwenttoworkintheservicesector.Theseemploymenttrends areexpectedtocontinueatleastuntiltheyear2000.Fortheperiod1986—2000 theBureauofLaborStatisticspredictsthatover21millionnewjobswillbe createdand93percentofthemwillbeinserviceindustries.? ?Moreovermostofthisexplosivegrowthinservicesemploymentisnotin low—payingjobscontrarytothebeliefsofmanyeconomistsbusinessand laborleadersandpoliticians.Thesepeoplearguethatmanufacturingjobs whichhavebeentheeconomicfoundationofAmerica’smiddleclassare vanishing.Theyclaimthatfactoryworkersarebeingreplacedwithahostof low-wageearners.Itistruethatmanufacturingjobshavedeclinedwithmanyof themgoingtoforeigncountries.Itisalsotruethattherehasbeengrowthin somelow-payingservicejobs.Yetcooksandcounterpeoplestillrepresentonly 1percentoftheUSlaborforcetoday.Furthermoreformanyyearsthe fastest-growingoccupationalcategoryhasbeenprofessionaltechnicaland relatedwork.Thesejobspaywellabovetheaverageandmostareinservice industries.??Aboutone-halfofconsumerexpendituresareforthe purchaseofservices.Projectionstotheyear2000indicatethatserviceswill attractallevenlargershareofconsumerspending.Adrawbackoftheservice economyboomisthatthepricesofmostserviceshavebeengoingupata considerablyfasterratethanthepricesofmosttangibleproducts.Youare undoubtedlyawareofthisifyouhavehadyourcarorTVsetrepairedhadyour shoeshalf-soledorpaidamedicalbillinrecentyears.??When wesaythatservicesaccountforclosetoone-halfofconsumerexpenditureswe stillgrosslyunderstatetheeconomicimportanceofservices.Thesefiguresdo notincludethevastamountsspentforbusinessservices.Byallindications spendingforbusinessserviceshasincreasedevenmorerapidlythanspendingfor consumerservices.??grossnationalproduct国民生产总值略作 GNP??tangiblegoods有形商品??drawbackn.缺点; 不利条件ThefirstparagraphintendstotellUSthat______.
{{*HTML*}} ?????????? ????????{{B}}Hurricanes 龙卷风{{/B}}??Didyouknowthatbefore1950hurricaneshadno names?Theyweresimplygivennumbers.ThefirstnamesweresimplyAlphaBravo Charlieetc.butin1953femalesnamesweregivenbecauseofthe unpredictability不可预知factorofthestorms.In1979realizingthesexist 性别歧视的natureofsuchnamesthelistswereexpandedtoincludebothmenand women.??Hurricanesandtyphoons台风arethesamethings.Ifthey formintheAtlanticwecallthesestrongstormshurricanesfromtheWest Indianwordhurricanemeaningbigwind.AndiftheyarePacificstormsthey arecalledtyphoonsfromtheChinesetaifunmeaninggreatwind.Tobe classifiedasahurricanethestormmusthavemaximumwindsofatleast75mph. Thesestormsarebigmanyhundredsofmilesindiameter.? ?Hurricanesgettheirpowerfromwatervaporasitgivesoutitsstored-up energy.Allwatervaporgivesoutheatasitcondenses凝结fromagaseousstate toaliquidstateoverfixedpointsontheequator赤道.Tomakeahurricane youmusthaveextremelywetwarmairthekindofairthatcanonlybefoundin tropicalregion.??Scientistshavedeterminedthattheheatgiven outintheprocessofwatercondensationcanbeashighas95billionkilowatts perhour.Injustonedayalonethestormcanproducemoreenergythanmany industrializednationsneedinanentireyear!Theproblemisthatwedon’tknow howtomakesuresuchgreatenergyworkforus.??Predictingthe pathofahurricaneisoneofthemostdifficulttasksforforecasters.Itmoves atatypicalspeedof15mph.Butnotalways.Somestormsmayraceattwicethis speedthensuddenlystopandremaininthesamelocationforseveraldays.It canbemaddening发疯的ifyouliveinacoastalareathatmaybehit.? ?Thebiggestadvanceinearlydetectioniscontinuouswatchfromweather satellites.Withthesewecanseethestormsformandtrackthemfullyfrom birthtodeath.Whiletheycanstillkillpeopleanddestroyproperty hurricaneswillneversurpriseanynationagain.Paragraph?4______
{{*HTML*}}??阅读下面的短文文中有15处空白每处空白给出4个选项请根据短文的内容从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案 {{B}}Americancivilwar{{/B}}??Historiansof thewarcanbedividedintotwoschools.Thefirstconsidersthatitwasthe unavoidableoutcomeofconflicting{{U}}?51?{{/U}}betweenNorthernand Southern{{U}}?52?{{/U}}.Thesecondblamesit{{U}}?53?{{/U}} politicalleadersfor{{U}}?54?{{/U}}toavertanunnecessary war.??Analystsarealsodividedonwhethertheissueofslavery wastheprimarycauseofthewarorasymptomofothermore{{U}}?55 ?{{/U}}differences—especiallysectionalinterestsandthedoctrineof states’rights—betweentheNorthandSouthwhichhadbeendevelopingsincethe formationoftheAmericanrepublic.??Thefundamental {{U}}?56?{{/U}}waseconomic.Intheearly1840stheNorthernstates begantheprocessofindustrializationmodernizingtheirsocietytomeetthe demandsofeconomicchange.In{{U}}?57?{{/U}}thesloganofAbraham Lincoln’sRepublicanpartyfreelabourfreelandfreemanencapsulatedthe ideologyofvaluingthefreedomofindividualstograspthe{{U}}?58 ?{{/U}}foreconomicself-advancementinaboomingexpanding society.??TheSouthernstatesremainedstubbornly{{U}}?59 ?{{/U}}botheconomicallyandsocially.Itwasabackward-lookingwayoflife oftallwhitemansionsongreat{{U}}?60?{{/U}}dependentonalabour systemwhichmadeslavesofapproximately4millionblackAmericans.? ?Americawas{{U}}?61?{{/U}}dividedbyeconomicstructureand wasledintofratricidal杀同胞的warfarebyaseriesofpoliticalclashes.The mostcommoncausewasthefutureoftheWest.ThecrisesoverCalifornia’s admissionin1850andoverKansas-Nebraskain1854were{{U}}?62?{{/U}} ofthedivergenteconomicinterestsofNorthandSouthinrelationtothe West.??TheNorthwantedfreelandforindependentlabourinthe samenewterritorieswheretheSouth{{U}}?63?{{/U}}toperpetuateits traditionalwayoflifebyextendingslavery.Theissuewasnottheslavery alreadypractisedbutthe{{U}}?64?{{/U}}ofitsextension {{U}}?65?{{/U}}theWest.
{{*HTML*}}? ?阅读下面的短文文章中有5处空白文章后有6组文字请根据文章的内容选择5组文字将其分别放回文章原有位置以恢复文章原貌 {{B}}Explanation{{/B}}??Whatdoesascientist dowhenheorsheexplainssomething?Scientificexplanationcomesintwo forms:generalizationandreduction.{{U}}?46?{{/U}}.Theyexplain particularinstancesofbehaviorasexamplesofgenerallaws{{U}}?47 ?{{/U}}.Presumablythepersonwasfrightened’earlierinlifebyadog.An unpleasantstimuluswaspairedwiththesightoftheanimalperhapstheperson wasknockeddownbyanexuberantdogandthesubsequentsightofdogsevokes theearlierresponse—fear.??Mostphysiologistsdealwith reduction.Phenomenaareexplainedintermsofsimplerphenomena.Forexample themovementofamuscleisexplainedintermsofchangesinthemembraneof musclecellsentryofparticularchemicalsandinteractionsbetweenprotein moleculeswithinthesecell.{{U}}?48?{{/U}}.??Thetask ofphysiologicalpsychologyistoexplainbehaviorinphysiologicalterms. {{U}}?49?{{/U}}.Thusthelawsofbehaviorcanbereducedto descriptionsofphysiologicalprocesses.??Howdoesonestudythe physiologyofbehavior?Physiologicalpsychologistscannotsimplybe reductionists.Itisnotenoughtoobservebehaviorsandcorrelatethemwith physiologicaleventsthatoccuratthesametime.Identicalbehaviorsunder differentconditionsmayoccurfordifferentreasonsandthusbeinitiatedby differentphysiologicalmechanisms:{{U}}?50?{{/U}}.?? A.Forinstancemostpsychologistswouldexplainapathologicallystrongfearof dogsasanexampleofclassicalconditioning.??B.Amolecular biologistwouldexplaintheseeventsintermsofforcesthatbindvarious moleculestogetherandcausevariouspartsofthesemoleculestobeattractedto oneanother.??C.Mostpsychologistsdealwith generalization.??D.Howscientistsdifferintheirapproachesto explainingnaturalphenomena.??E.Thismeansthatwemust understandpsychologicallywhyaparticularbehaviouroccursbeforewecan understandwhatphysiologicaleventsmadeitoccur.??F.Like otherscientistsphysiologicalpsychologistsbelievethatallnatural phenomena—includinghumanbehavior—aresubjecttothelawsofphysics.
{{*HTML*}} ?????????? ????????{{B}}Hurricanes 龙卷风{{/B}}??Didyouknowthatbefore1950hurricaneshadno names?Theyweresimplygivennumbers.ThefirstnamesweresimplyAlphaBravo Charlieetc.butin1953femalesnamesweregivenbecauseofthe unpredictability不可预知factorofthestorms.In1979realizingthesexist 性别歧视的natureofsuchnamesthelistswereexpandedtoincludebothmenand women.??Hurricanesandtyphoons台风arethesamethings.Ifthey formintheAtlanticwecallthesestrongstormshurricanesfromtheWest Indianwordhurricanemeaningbigwind.AndiftheyarePacificstormsthey arecalledtyphoonsfromtheChinesetaifunmeaninggreatwind.Tobe classifiedasahurricanethestormmusthavemaximumwindsofatleast75mph. Thesestormsarebigmanyhundredsofmilesindiameter.? ?Hurricanesgettheirpowerfromwatervaporasitgivesoutitsstored-up energy.Allwatervaporgivesoutheatasitcondenses凝结fromagaseousstate toaliquidstateoverfixedpointsontheequator赤道.Tomakeahurricane youmusthaveextremelywetwarmairthekindofairthatcanonlybefoundin tropicalregion.??Scientistshavedeterminedthattheheatgiven outintheprocessofwatercondensationcanbeashighas95billionkilowatts perhour.Injustonedayalonethestormcanproducemoreenergythanmany industrializednationsneedinanentireyear!Theproblemisthatwedon’tknow howtomakesuresuchgreatenergyworkforus.??Predictingthe pathofahurricaneisoneofthemostdifficulttasksforforecasters.Itmoves atatypicalspeedof15mph.Butnotalways.Somestormsmayraceattwicethis speedthensuddenlystopandremaininthesamelocationforseveraldays.It canbemaddening发疯的ifyouliveinacoastalareathatmaybehit.? ?Thebiggestadvanceinearlydetectioniscontinuouswatchfromweather satellites.Withthesewecanseethestormsformandtrackthemfullyfrom birthtodeath.Whiletheycanstillkillpeopleanddestroyproperty hurricaneswillneversurpriseanynationagain.Usingweathersatellitescanensure______ofhurricanes.
{{*HTML*}}??阅读下面的短文文中有15处空白每处空白给出4个选项请根据短文的内容从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案 {{B}}Americancivilwar{{/B}}??Historiansof thewarcanbedividedintotwoschools.Thefirstconsidersthatitwasthe unavoidableoutcomeofconflicting{{U}}?51?{{/U}}betweenNorthernand Southern{{U}}?52?{{/U}}.Thesecondblamesit{{U}}?53?{{/U}} politicalleadersfor{{U}}?54?{{/U}}toavertanunnecessary war.??Analystsarealsodividedonwhethertheissueofslavery wastheprimarycauseofthewarorasymptomofothermore{{U}}?55 ?{{/U}}differences—especiallysectionalinterestsandthedoctrineof states’rights—betweentheNorthandSouthwhichhadbeendevelopingsincethe formationoftheAmericanrepublic.??Thefundamental {{U}}?56?{{/U}}waseconomic.Intheearly1840stheNorthernstates begantheprocessofindustrializationmodernizingtheirsocietytomeetthe demandsofeconomicchange.In{{U}}?57?{{/U}}thesloganofAbraham Lincoln’sRepublicanpartyfreelabourfreelandfreemanencapsulatedthe ideologyofvaluingthefreedomofindividualstograspthe{{U}}?58 ?{{/U}}foreconomicself-advancementinaboomingexpanding society.??TheSouthernstatesremainedstubbornly{{U}}?59 ?{{/U}}botheconomicallyandsocially.Itwasabackward-lookingwayoflife oftallwhitemansionsongreat{{U}}?60?{{/U}}dependentonalabour systemwhichmadeslavesofapproximately4millionblackAmericans.? ?Americawas{{U}}?61?{{/U}}dividedbyeconomicstructureand wasledintofratricidal杀同胞的warfarebyaseriesofpoliticalclashes.The mostcommoncausewasthefutureoftheWest.ThecrisesoverCalifornia’s admissionin1850andoverKansas-Nebraskain1854were{{U}}?62?{{/U}} ofthedivergenteconomicinterestsofNorthandSouthinrelationtothe West.??TheNorthwantedfreelandforindependentlabourinthe samenewterritorieswheretheSouth{{U}}?63?{{/U}}toperpetuateits traditionalwayoflifebyextendingslavery.Theissuewasnottheslavery alreadypractisedbutthe{{U}}?64?{{/U}}ofitsextension {{U}}?65?{{/U}}theWest.
{{*HTML*}}??阅读下面的短文文中有15处空白每处空白给出4个选项请根据短文的内容从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案 {{B}}Americancivilwar{{/B}}??Historiansof thewarcanbedividedintotwoschools.Thefirstconsidersthatitwasthe unavoidableoutcomeofconflicting{{U}}?51?{{/U}}betweenNorthernand Southern{{U}}?52?{{/U}}.Thesecondblamesit{{U}}?53?{{/U}} politicalleadersfor{{U}}?54?{{/U}}toavertanunnecessary war.??Analystsarealsodividedonwhethertheissueofslavery wastheprimarycauseofthewarorasymptomofothermore{{U}}?55 ?{{/U}}differences—especiallysectionalinterestsandthedoctrineof states’rights—betweentheNorthandSouthwhichhadbeendevelopingsincethe formationoftheAmericanrepublic.??Thefundamental {{U}}?56?{{/U}}waseconomic.Intheearly1840stheNorthernstates begantheprocessofindustrializationmodernizingtheirsocietytomeetthe demandsofeconomicchange.In{{U}}?57?{{/U}}thesloganofAbraham Lincoln’sRepublicanpartyfreelabourfreelandfreemanencapsulatedthe ideologyofvaluingthefreedomofindividualstograspthe{{U}}?58 ?{{/U}}foreconomicself-advancementinaboomingexpanding society.??TheSouthernstatesremainedstubbornly{{U}}?59 ?{{/U}}botheconomicallyandsocially.Itwasabackward-lookingwayoflife oftallwhitemansionsongreat{{U}}?60?{{/U}}dependentonalabour systemwhichmadeslavesofapproximately4millionblackAmericans.? ?Americawas{{U}}?61?{{/U}}dividedbyeconomicstructureand wasledintofratricidal杀同胞的warfarebyaseriesofpoliticalclashes.The mostcommoncausewasthefutureoftheWest.ThecrisesoverCalifornia’s admissionin1850andoverKansas-Nebraskain1854were{{U}}?62?{{/U}} ofthedivergenteconomicinterestsofNorthandSouthinrelationtothe West.??TheNorthwantedfreelandforindependentlabourinthe samenewterritorieswheretheSouth{{U}}?63?{{/U}}toperpetuateits traditionalwayoflifebyextendingslavery.Theissuewasnottheslavery alreadypractisedbutthe{{U}}?64?{{/U}}ofitsextension {{U}}?65?{{/U}}theWest.
{{*HTML*}} ??????? ????{{B}}WhyistheNativeLanguageLearntSo Well{{/B}}??Howdoesithappenthatchildrenlearntheirmother tonguesowell?Whenwecomparethemwithadultslearningaforeignlanguagewe oftenfindthisinterestingfact.Alittlechildwithoutknowledgeorexperience oftensucceedsinacompletemasteryofthelanguage.Agrown-uppersonwith fullydevelopedmentalpowersinmostcasemayendupwithafaultyand inexactcommand.Whataccountsforthisdifference???Despite otherexplanationstherealanswerinmyopinionliespartlyinthechild himselfpartlyinthebehaviorofthepeoplearoundhim.Inthefirstplace thetimeoflearningthemothertongueisthemostfavorableofallnamelythe firstyearsoflife.Achildhearsitspokenfrommorningtillnightandwhat ismoreimportantalwaysinitsgenuineformwiththerightpronunciation rightintonationfightuseofwordsandfightstructure.Hedrinksinallthe wordsandexpressionswhichcometohiminaflashever-bubblingspring.There isnoresistance:thereisperfectassimilation.??Thenthechild hasasitwereprivatelessonsalltheyearroundwhileanadult language-studenthaseachweekalimitednumberofhourswhichhegenerally shareswithothers.Thechildhasanotheradvantage:hehearsthelanguagein allpossiblesituationsalwaysaccompaniedbythefightkindofgesturesand facialexpressions.?Herethereisnothingunnaturalsuchasisoften foundinlanguagelessonsinschoolswhenonetalksabouticeandsnowinJune orscorchingheatinJanuary.Andwhatachildhearsisgenerallywhat immediatelyinterestshim.Againandagainwhenhisattemptsatspeechare successfulhisdesiresareunderstoodandfulfilled.??Finally thoughachild’steachersmaynothavebeentrainedinlanguageteaching theirrelationswithhimarealwayscloseandpersonal.Theytakegreatpainsto maketheirlessonseasy.Achildlearninghisnativelanguagehastheadvantageofhavingprivatelessonsalltheyearround.
Thecommitteecomprisesfivepersons.
{{*HTML*}} ?????????? ????????{{B}}Hurricanes 龙卷风{{/B}}??Didyouknowthatbefore1950hurricaneshadno names?Theyweresimplygivennumbers.ThefirstnamesweresimplyAlphaBravo Charlieetc.butin1953femalesnamesweregivenbecauseofthe unpredictability不可预知factorofthestorms.In1979realizingthesexist 性别歧视的natureofsuchnamesthelistswereexpandedtoincludebothmenand women.??Hurricanesandtyphoons台风arethesamethings.Ifthey formintheAtlanticwecallthesestrongstormshurricanesfromtheWest Indianwordhurricanemeaningbigwind.AndiftheyarePacificstormsthey arecalledtyphoonsfromtheChinesetaifunmeaninggreatwind.Tobe classifiedasahurricanethestormmusthavemaximumwindsofatleast75mph. Thesestormsarebigmanyhundredsofmilesindiameter.? ?Hurricanesgettheirpowerfromwatervaporasitgivesoutitsstored-up energy.Allwatervaporgivesoutheatasitcondenses凝结fromagaseousstate toaliquidstateoverfixedpointsontheequator赤道.Tomakeahurricane youmusthaveextremelywetwarmairthekindofairthatcanonlybefoundin tropicalregion.??Scientistshavedeterminedthattheheatgiven outintheprocessofwatercondensationcanbeashighas95billionkilowatts perhour.Injustonedayalonethestormcanproducemoreenergythanmany industrializednationsneedinanentireyear!Theproblemisthatwedon’tknow howtomakesuresuchgreatenergyworkforus.??Predictingthe pathofahurricaneisoneofthemostdifficulttasksforforecasters.Itmoves atatypicalspeedof15mph.Butnotalways.Somestormsmayraceattwicethis speedthensuddenlystopandremaininthesamelocationforseveraldays.It canbemaddening发疯的ifyouliveinacoastalareathatmaybehit.? ?Thebiggestadvanceinearlydetectioniscontinuouswatchfromweather satellites.Withthesewecanseethestormsformandtrackthemfullyfrom birthtodeath.Whiletheycanstillkillpeopleanddestroyproperty hurricaneswillneversurpriseanynationagain.Paragraph?2______
{{*HTML*}} ??????? ????{{B}}WhyistheNativeLanguageLearntSo Well{{/B}}??Howdoesithappenthatchildrenlearntheirmother tonguesowell?Whenwecomparethemwithadultslearningaforeignlanguagewe oftenfindthisinterestingfact.Alittlechildwithoutknowledgeorexperience oftensucceedsinacompletemasteryofthelanguage.Agrown-uppersonwith fullydevelopedmentalpowersinmostcasemayendupwithafaultyand inexactcommand.Whataccountsforthisdifference???Despite otherexplanationstherealanswerinmyopinionliespartlyinthechild himselfpartlyinthebehaviorofthepeoplearoundhim.Inthefirstplace thetimeoflearningthemothertongueisthemostfavorableofallnamelythe firstyearsoflife.Achildhearsitspokenfrommorningtillnightandwhat ismoreimportantalwaysinitsgenuineformwiththerightpronunciation rightintonationfightuseofwordsandfightstructure.Hedrinksinallthe wordsandexpressionswhichcometohiminaflashever-bubblingspring.There isnoresistance:thereisperfectassimilation.??Thenthechild hasasitwereprivatelessonsalltheyearroundwhileanadult language-studenthaseachweekalimitednumberofhourswhichhegenerally shareswithothers.Thechildhasanotheradvantage:hehearsthelanguagein allpossiblesituationsalwaysaccompaniedbythefightkindofgesturesand facialexpressions.?Herethereisnothingunnaturalsuchasisoften foundinlanguagelessonsinschoolswhenonetalksabouticeandsnowinJune orscorchingheatinJanuary.Andwhatachildhearsisgenerallywhat immediatelyinterestshim.Againandagainwhenhisattemptsatspeechare successfulhisdesiresareunderstoodandfulfilled.??Finally thoughachild’steachersmaynothavebeentrainedinlanguageteaching theirrelationswithhimarealwayscloseandpersonal.Theytakegreatpainsto maketheirlessonseasy.Sofaraslanguageteachingisconcernedtheteacher’sclosepersonalrelationshipwiththestudentismoreimportantthantheprofessionallanguageteachingtraininghehasreceived.
{{*HTML*}}??阅读下面的短文文中有15处空白每处空白给出4个选项请根据短文的内容从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案 {{B}}Americancivilwar{{/B}}??Historiansof thewarcanbedividedintotwoschools.Thefirstconsidersthatitwasthe unavoidableoutcomeofconflicting{{U}}?51?{{/U}}betweenNorthernand Southern{{U}}?52?{{/U}}.Thesecondblamesit{{U}}?53?{{/U}} politicalleadersfor{{U}}?54?{{/U}}toavertanunnecessary war.??Analystsarealsodividedonwhethertheissueofslavery wastheprimarycauseofthewarorasymptomofothermore{{U}}?55 ?{{/U}}differences—especiallysectionalinterestsandthedoctrineof states’rights—betweentheNorthandSouthwhichhadbeendevelopingsincethe formationoftheAmericanrepublic.??Thefundamental {{U}}?56?{{/U}}waseconomic.Intheearly1840stheNorthernstates begantheprocessofindustrializationmodernizingtheirsocietytomeetthe demandsofeconomicchange.In{{U}}?57?{{/U}}thesloganofAbraham Lincoln’sRepublicanpartyfreelabourfreelandfreemanencapsulatedthe ideologyofvaluingthefreedomofindividualstograspthe{{U}}?58 ?{{/U}}foreconomicself-advancementinaboomingexpanding society.??TheSouthernstatesremainedstubbornly{{U}}?59 ?{{/U}}botheconomicallyandsocially.Itwasabackward-lookingwayoflife oftallwhitemansionsongreat{{U}}?60?{{/U}}dependentonalabour systemwhichmadeslavesofapproximately4millionblackAmericans.? ?Americawas{{U}}?61?{{/U}}dividedbyeconomicstructureand wasledintofratricidal杀同胞的warfarebyaseriesofpoliticalclashes.The mostcommoncausewasthefutureoftheWest.ThecrisesoverCalifornia’s admissionin1850andoverKansas-Nebraskain1854were{{U}}?62?{{/U}} ofthedivergenteconomicinterestsofNorthandSouthinrelationtothe West.??TheNorthwantedfreelandforindependentlabourinthe samenewterritorieswheretheSouth{{U}}?63?{{/U}}toperpetuateits traditionalwayoflifebyextendingslavery.Theissuewasnottheslavery alreadypractisedbutthe{{U}}?64?{{/U}}ofitsextension {{U}}?65?{{/U}}theWest.
{{*HTML*}}??阅读下面的短文文中有15处空白每处空白给出4个选项请根据短文的内容从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案 {{B}}Americancivilwar{{/B}}??Historiansof thewarcanbedividedintotwoschools.Thefirstconsidersthatitwasthe unavoidableoutcomeofconflicting{{U}}?51?{{/U}}betweenNorthernand Southern{{U}}?52?{{/U}}.Thesecondblamesit{{U}}?53?{{/U}} politicalleadersfor{{U}}?54?{{/U}}toavertanunnecessary war.??Analystsarealsodividedonwhethertheissueofslavery wastheprimarycauseofthewarorasymptomofothermore{{U}}?55 ?{{/U}}differences—especiallysectionalinterestsandthedoctrineof states’rights—betweentheNorthandSouthwhichhadbeendevelopingsincethe formationoftheAmericanrepublic.??Thefundamental {{U}}?56?{{/U}}waseconomic.Intheearly1840stheNorthernstates begantheprocessofindustrializationmodernizingtheirsocietytomeetthe demandsofeconomicchange.In{{U}}?57?{{/U}}thesloganofAbraham Lincoln’sRepublicanpartyfreelabourfreelandfreemanencapsulatedthe ideologyofvaluingthefreedomofindividualstograspthe{{U}}?58 ?{{/U}}foreconomicself-advancementinaboomingexpanding society.??TheSouthernstatesremainedstubbornly{{U}}?59 ?{{/U}}botheconomicallyandsocially.Itwasabackward-lookingwayoflife oftallwhitemansionsongreat{{U}}?60?{{/U}}dependentonalabour systemwhichmadeslavesofapproximately4millionblackAmericans.? ?Americawas{{U}}?61?{{/U}}dividedbyeconomicstructureand wasledintofratricidal杀同胞的warfarebyaseriesofpoliticalclashes.The mostcommoncausewasthefutureoftheWest.ThecrisesoverCalifornia’s admissionin1850andoverKansas-Nebraskain1854were{{U}}?62?{{/U}} ofthedivergenteconomicinterestsofNorthandSouthinrelationtothe West.??TheNorthwantedfreelandforindependentlabourinthe samenewterritorieswheretheSouth{{U}}?63?{{/U}}toperpetuateits traditionalwayoflifebyextendingslavery.Theissuewasnottheslavery alreadypractisedbutthe{{U}}?64?{{/U}}ofitsextension {{U}}?65?{{/U}}theWest.
{{*HTML*}}??阅读下面的短文文中有15处空白每处空白给出4个选项请根据短文的内容从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案 {{B}}Americancivilwar{{/B}}??Historiansof thewarcanbedividedintotwoschools.Thefirstconsidersthatitwasthe unavoidableoutcomeofconflicting{{U}}?51?{{/U}}betweenNorthernand Southern{{U}}?52?{{/U}}.Thesecondblamesit{{U}}?53?{{/U}} politicalleadersfor{{U}}?54?{{/U}}toavertanunnecessary war.??Analystsarealsodividedonwhethertheissueofslavery wastheprimarycauseofthewarorasymptomofothermore{{U}}?55 ?{{/U}}differences—especiallysectionalinterestsandthedoctrineof states’rights—betweentheNorthandSouthwhichhadbeendevelopingsincethe formationoftheAmericanrepublic.??Thefundamental {{U}}?56?{{/U}}waseconomic.Intheearly1840stheNorthernstates begantheprocessofindustrializationmodernizingtheirsocietytomeetthe demandsofeconomicchange.In{{U}}?57?{{/U}}thesloganofAbraham Lincoln’sRepublicanpartyfreelabourfreelandfreemanencapsulatedthe ideologyofvaluingthefreedomofindividualstograspthe{{U}}?58 ?{{/U}}foreconomicself-advancementinaboomingexpanding society.??TheSouthernstatesremainedstubbornly{{U}}?59 ?{{/U}}botheconomicallyandsocially.Itwasabackward-lookingwayoflife oftallwhitemansionsongreat{{U}}?60?{{/U}}dependentonalabour systemwhichmadeslavesofapproximately4millionblackAmericans.? ?Americawas{{U}}?61?{{/U}}dividedbyeconomicstructureand wasledintofratricidal杀同胞的warfarebyaseriesofpoliticalclashes.The mostcommoncausewasthefutureoftheWest.ThecrisesoverCalifornia’s admissionin1850andoverKansas-Nebraskain1854were{{U}}?62?{{/U}} ofthedivergenteconomicinterestsofNorthandSouthinrelationtothe West.??TheNorthwantedfreelandforindependentlabourinthe samenewterritorieswheretheSouth{{U}}?63?{{/U}}toperpetuateits traditionalwayoflifebyextendingslavery.Theissuewasnottheslavery alreadypractisedbutthe{{U}}?64?{{/U}}ofitsextension {{U}}?65?{{/U}}theWest.
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{{*HTML*}}{{B}}第三篇{{/B}} ??????? ??????????? ?{{B}}Common-coldSense{{/B}}??Youcan’tbeatitbutyoudon’t havetojoinit.Maybeitgotthenamecommoncoldbecauseit’smorecommonin winter.Thefactisthoughbeingcolddoesn’thaveanythingtodowithgetting one.Coldsarecausedbythespreadofrhinovirusesandatleastsofar medicalscienceisbetterattellingyouhowtoavoidgettingonethanhowto getridofone.??Childrenarethemostcommonwaycoldviruses arespreadtoadultsbecausetheyhavemorecoldsthanadults—anaverageof abouteightperyear.Whydokidsseemsomuchmoreeasilytogetcoldsthan theirparents?Simple.Theyhaven’thadtheopportunitytobecomeimmunetomany coldviruses.??Therearemorethan150differentcoldviruses andyouneverhavethesameonetwice.Beinginfectedbyonemakesyouimmuneto it--butonlyit.??Coldsaleusuallyspreadbydirectcontactnot sneezingorcoughing.Fromanotherperson’shandtoyourhandandthentoyour noseoreyesisthemostcommonroute.Thehighestconcentrationofcoldviruses anywhereisfoundunderthethumbnailsofaboyalthoughthevirusescan surviveforhoursonskinorothersmoothsurfaces.??Hygieneis yourbestdefense.Washyourhandsfrequentlypreferablywithadisinfectant soapespeciallywhenchildreninyourhouseholdhavecolds.??But evencarefulhygienewon’twardoffeverycold.Sowhatworkswhenacoughing sneezingrunnynosestrikes???Theoldprescriptionoftwo aspirinslotsofwaterandbedrestisagoodplacetostart.Butyou’llalso findsomeofthefolkremedies..worthWing.Hotmixturesofsugarorhoney lemonandwaterhaverealbenefits.??rhinovirusn.鼻病毒? ?immuneadj.免疫的有免疫力??disinfectantn.消毒剂杀菌剂? ?prescriptionn.诀窍处方药方??sneezevi.打喷嚏? ?thumbnailn.拇指Thebestwaytokeepyourselffromgettingcoldsis______.
{{*HTML*}}??阅读下面的短文文中有15处空白每处空白给出4个选项请根据短文的内容从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案 {{B}}Americancivilwar{{/B}}??Historiansof thewarcanbedividedintotwoschools.Thefirstconsidersthatitwasthe unavoidableoutcomeofconflicting{{U}}?51?{{/U}}betweenNorthernand Southern{{U}}?52?{{/U}}.Thesecondblamesit{{U}}?53?{{/U}} politicalleadersfor{{U}}?54?{{/U}}toavertanunnecessary war.??Analystsarealsodividedonwhethertheissueofslavery wastheprimarycauseofthewarorasymptomofothermore{{U}}?55 ?{{/U}}differences—especiallysectionalinterestsandthedoctrineof states’rights—betweentheNorthandSouthwhichhadbeendevelopingsincethe formationoftheAmericanrepublic.??Thefundamental {{U}}?56?{{/U}}waseconomic.Intheearly1840stheNorthernstates begantheprocessofindustrializationmodernizingtheirsocietytomeetthe demandsofeconomicchange.In{{U}}?57?{{/U}}thesloganofAbraham Lincoln’sRepublicanpartyfreelabourfreelandfreemanencapsulatedthe ideologyofvaluingthefreedomofindividualstograspthe{{U}}?58 ?{{/U}}foreconomicself-advancementinaboomingexpanding society.??TheSouthernstatesremainedstubbornly{{U}}?59 ?{{/U}}botheconomicallyandsocially.Itwasabackward-lookingwayoflife oftallwhitemansionsongreat{{U}}?60?{{/U}}dependentonalabour systemwhichmadeslavesofapproximately4millionblackAmericans.? ?Americawas{{U}}?61?{{/U}}dividedbyeconomicstructureand wasledintofratricidal杀同胞的warfarebyaseriesofpoliticalclashes.The mostcommoncausewasthefutureoftheWest.ThecrisesoverCalifornia’s admissionin1850andoverKansas-Nebraskain1854were{{U}}?62?{{/U}} ofthedivergenteconomicinterestsofNorthandSouthinrelationtothe West.??TheNorthwantedfreelandforindependentlabourinthe samenewterritorieswheretheSouth{{U}}?63?{{/U}}toperpetuateits traditionalwayoflifebyextendingslavery.Theissuewasnottheslavery alreadypractisedbutthe{{U}}?64?{{/U}}ofitsextension {{U}}?65?{{/U}}theWest.
{{*HTML*}}{{B}}第一篇{{/B}} ??????? ???????{{B}}SaltyRicePlantBoosts Harvests{{/B}}??Britishscientistsarebreedinganewgenerationof riceplantsthatwillbeabletogrowinsoilcontainingsaltwater.Theirwork mayenableabandonedfarmstobecomeproductiveoncemore.??Tim FlowersandTonyYeofromSussexUniversity’sSchoolofBiologicalSciences havespentseveralyearsresearchinghowcropssuchasricecouldbemadeto growinwaterthathasbecomesalty.??Thepairhaverecently begunathree-yearprogrammefundedbytheBiotechnologyandBiological SciencesResearchCounciltoestablishwhichgenesenablesomeplantsto survivesaltyconditions.Theaimistobreedthiscapabilityintocrops startingwithrice.??Itisestimatedthateachyearmorethan100 hectares公顷ofagriculturallandarelostbecausesaltgetsintothesoiland stunts妨碍生长plants.Theproblemiscausedbyseveralfactors.Inthetropics mangroves红树林thatcreateswamps沼泽andtraditionallyformedbarrierstosea waterhavebeencutdown.IntheMediterraneanaseriesofdroughtshavecaused thewatertabletodropallowingseawatertoseep渗透in.InLatinAmerica irrigationoftencausesproblemswhenwaterisevaporated蒸发bytheheat leavingsaltdepositsbehind.??Excesssaltthenenterstheplants andpreventsthemfunctioningnormally.Heavyconcentrationsofmineralsinthe plantsstopthemdrawingupthewatertheyneedtosurvive.??To overcometheseproblemsFlowersandYeodecidedtobreedriceplantsthattake inverylittlesaltandstorewhattheydoabsorbincellsthatdonotaffect theplants’growth.Theyhavestartedtobreedthesecharacteristicsintoanew ricecropbutitwilltakeabouteightharvestsbeforetheresultingseedsare readytobeconsideredforcommercialuse.??Oncethe characteristicsforsurvivingsaltysoilareknownFlowersandYeowilltryto breedtheappropriategenesintoallmannersofcropsandplants.Landthathas beenabandonedtonaturewillthenbeabletobloomagainprovidingmuchneeded foodinthepoorercountriesoftheworld.ThewordaffectinParagraph6couldbebestreplacedby______.
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{{*HTML*}}{{B}}第二篇{{/B}} ??????? ????????{{B}}Importanceof Services{{/B}}??TheUnitedStateshasmovedbeyondtheindustrial economystagetothepointwhereithasbecometheworld’sfirstservice economy.Almostthreefourthsofthenon-farmlaborforceisemployedinservice industriesandovertwo-thirdsofthenation’sgrossnationalproductis accountedforbyservices.Alsoservicejobstypicallyholdupbetterduringa recessionthandojobsinindustriesproducingtangiblegoods.? ?Duringthe20-yearperiodof1966to1986about36millionnewjobswere createdintheUnitedStates—farmorethaninJapanandWesternEurope combined.About90percentofthesejobswereinserviceindustries.During thissametimespansome22millionwomenjoinedthelaborforce—and97per centofthesewomenwenttoworkintheservicesector.Theseemploymenttrends areexpectedtocontinueatleastuntiltheyear2000.Fortheperiod1986—2000 theBureauofLaborStatisticspredictsthatover21millionnewjobswillbe createdand93percentofthemwillbeinserviceindustries.? ?Moreovermostofthisexplosivegrowthinservicesemploymentisnotin low—payingjobscontrarytothebeliefsofmanyeconomistsbusinessand laborleadersandpoliticians.Thesepeoplearguethatmanufacturingjobs whichhavebeentheeconomicfoundationofAmerica’smiddleclassare vanishing.Theyclaimthatfactoryworkersarebeingreplacedwithahostof low-wageearners.Itistruethatmanufacturingjobshavedeclinedwithmanyof themgoingtoforeigncountries.Itisalsotruethattherehasbeengrowthin somelow-payingservicejobs.Yetcooksandcounterpeoplestillrepresentonly 1percentoftheUSlaborforcetoday.Furthermoreformanyyearsthe fastest-growingoccupationalcategoryhasbeenprofessionaltechnicaland relatedwork.Thesejobspaywellabovetheaverageandmostareinservice industries.??Aboutone-halfofconsumerexpendituresareforthe purchaseofservices.Projectionstotheyear2000indicatethatserviceswill attractallevenlargershareofconsumerspending.Adrawbackoftheservice economyboomisthatthepricesofmostserviceshavebeengoingupata considerablyfasterratethanthepricesofmosttangibleproducts.Youare undoubtedlyawareofthisifyouhavehadyourcarorTVsetrepairedhadyour shoeshalf-soledorpaidamedicalbillinrecentyears.??When wesaythatservicesaccountforclosetoone-halfofconsumerexpenditureswe stillgrosslyunderstatetheeconomicimportanceofservices.Thesefiguresdo notincludethevastamountsspentforbusinessservices.Byallindications spendingforbusinessserviceshasincreasedevenmorerapidlythanspendingfor consumerservices.??grossnationalproduct国民生产总值略作 GNP??tangiblegoods有形商品??drawbackn.缺点; 不利条件Whatdoesthewriterofthispassagedisapproveofregardingservicesnow?
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{{*HTML*}} ?????????? ????????{{B}}Hurricanes 龙卷风{{/B}}??Didyouknowthatbefore1950hurricaneshadno names?Theyweresimplygivennumbers.ThefirstnamesweresimplyAlphaBravo Charlieetc.butin1953femalesnamesweregivenbecauseofthe unpredictability不可预知factorofthestorms.In1979realizingthesexist 性别歧视的natureofsuchnamesthelistswereexpandedtoincludebothmenand women.??Hurricanesandtyphoons台风arethesamethings.Ifthey formintheAtlanticwecallthesestrongstormshurricanesfromtheWest Indianwordhurricanemeaningbigwind.AndiftheyarePacificstormsthey arecalledtyphoonsfromtheChinesetaifunmeaninggreatwind.Tobe classifiedasahurricanethestormmusthavemaximumwindsofatleast75mph. Thesestormsarebigmanyhundredsofmilesindiameter.? ?Hurricanesgettheirpowerfromwatervaporasitgivesoutitsstored-up energy.Allwatervaporgivesoutheatasitcondenses凝结fromagaseousstate toaliquidstateoverfixedpointsontheequator赤道.Tomakeahurricane youmusthaveextremelywetwarmairthekindofairthatcanonlybefoundin tropicalregion.??Scientistshavedeterminedthattheheatgiven outintheprocessofwatercondensationcanbeashighas95billionkilowatts perhour.Injustonedayalonethestormcanproducemoreenergythanmany industrializednationsneedinanentireyear!Theproblemisthatwedon’tknow howtomakesuresuchgreatenergyworkforus.??Predictingthe pathofahurricaneisoneofthemostdifficulttasksforforecasters.Itmoves atatypicalspeedof15mph.Butnotalways.Somestormsmayraceattwicethis speedthensuddenlystopandremaininthesamelocationforseveraldays.It canbemaddening发疯的ifyouliveinacoastalareathatmaybehit.? ?Thebiggestadvanceinearlydetectioniscontinuouswatchfromweather satellites.Withthesewecanseethestormsformandtrackthemfullyfrom birthtodeath.Whiletheycanstillkillpeopleanddestroyproperty hurricaneswillneversurpriseanynationagain.Scientistscannotaccuratelypredictthecourseofahurricanedueto______.
{{*HTML*}}{{B}}第一篇{{/B}} ??????? ???????{{B}}SaltyRicePlantBoosts Harvests{{/B}}??Britishscientistsarebreedinganewgenerationof riceplantsthatwillbeabletogrowinsoilcontainingsaltwater.Theirwork mayenableabandonedfarmstobecomeproductiveoncemore.??Tim FlowersandTonyYeofromSussexUniversity’sSchoolofBiologicalSciences havespentseveralyearsresearchinghowcropssuchasricecouldbemadeto growinwaterthathasbecomesalty.??Thepairhaverecently begunathree-yearprogrammefundedbytheBiotechnologyandBiological SciencesResearchCounciltoestablishwhichgenesenablesomeplantsto survivesaltyconditions.Theaimistobreedthiscapabilityintocrops startingwithrice.??Itisestimatedthateachyearmorethan100 hectares公顷ofagriculturallandarelostbecausesaltgetsintothesoiland stunts妨碍生长plants.Theproblemiscausedbyseveralfactors.Inthetropics mangroves红树林thatcreateswamps沼泽andtraditionallyformedbarrierstosea waterhavebeencutdown.IntheMediterraneanaseriesofdroughtshavecaused thewatertabletodropallowingseawatertoseep渗透in.InLatinAmerica irrigationoftencausesproblemswhenwaterisevaporated蒸发bytheheat leavingsaltdepositsbehind.??Excesssaltthenenterstheplants andpreventsthemfunctioningnormally.Heavyconcentrationsofmineralsinthe plantsstopthemdrawingupthewatertheyneedtosurvive.??To overcometheseproblemsFlowersandYeodecidedtobreedriceplantsthattake inverylittlesaltandstorewhattheydoabsorbincellsthatdonotaffect theplants’growth.Theyhavestartedtobreedthesecharacteristicsintoanew ricecropbutitwilltakeabouteightharvestsbeforetheresultingseedsare readytobeconsideredforcommercialuse.??Oncethe characteristicsforsurvivingsaltysoilareknownFlowersandYeowilltryto breedtheappropriategenesintoallmannersofcropsandplants.Landthathas beenabandonedtonaturewillthenbeabletobloomagainprovidingmuchneeded foodinthepoorercountriesoftheworld.FlowersandYeohavestartedaprogramme______.
{{*HTML*}} ??????? ????{{B}}WhyistheNativeLanguageLearntSo Well{{/B}}??Howdoesithappenthatchildrenlearntheirmother tonguesowell?Whenwecomparethemwithadultslearningaforeignlanguagewe oftenfindthisinterestingfact.Alittlechildwithoutknowledgeorexperience oftensucceedsinacompletemasteryofthelanguage.Agrown-uppersonwith fullydevelopedmentalpowersinmostcasemayendupwithafaultyand inexactcommand.Whataccountsforthisdifference???Despite otherexplanationstherealanswerinmyopinionliespartlyinthechild himselfpartlyinthebehaviorofthepeoplearoundhim.Inthefirstplace thetimeoflearningthemothertongueisthemostfavorableofallnamelythe firstyearsoflife.Achildhearsitspokenfrommorningtillnightandwhat ismoreimportantalwaysinitsgenuineformwiththerightpronunciation rightintonationfightuseofwordsandfightstructure.Hedrinksinallthe wordsandexpressionswhichcometohiminaflashever-bubblingspring.There isnoresistance:thereisperfectassimilation.??Thenthechild hasasitwereprivatelessonsalltheyearroundwhileanadult language-studenthaseachweekalimitednumberofhourswhichhegenerally shareswithothers.Thechildhasanotheradvantage:hehearsthelanguagein allpossiblesituationsalwaysaccompaniedbythefightkindofgesturesand facialexpressions.?Herethereisnothingunnaturalsuchasisoften foundinlanguagelessonsinschoolswhenonetalksabouticeandsnowinJune orscorchingheatinJanuary.Andwhatachildhearsisgenerallywhat immediatelyinterestshim.Againandagainwhenhisattemptsatspeechare successfulhisdesiresareunderstoodandfulfilled.??Finally thoughachild’steachersmaynothavebeentrainedinlanguageteaching theirrelationswithhimarealwayscloseandpersonal.Theytakegreatpainsto maketheirlessonseasy.Comparedwithadultslearningaforeignlanguagechildrenlearntheirnativelanguagewithease.
{{*HTML*}} ??????? ????{{B}}WhyistheNativeLanguageLearntSo Well{{/B}}??Howdoesithappenthatchildrenlearntheirmother tonguesowell?Whenwecomparethemwithadultslearningaforeignlanguagewe oftenfindthisinterestingfact.Alittlechildwithoutknowledgeorexperience oftensucceedsinacompletemasteryofthelanguage.Agrown-uppersonwith fullydevelopedmentalpowersinmostcasemayendupwithafaultyand inexactcommand.Whataccountsforthisdifference???Despite otherexplanationstherealanswerinmyopinionliespartlyinthechild himselfpartlyinthebehaviorofthepeoplearoundhim.Inthefirstplace thetimeoflearningthemothertongueisthemostfavorableofallnamelythe firstyearsoflife.Achildhearsitspokenfrommorningtillnightandwhat ismoreimportantalwaysinitsgenuineformwiththerightpronunciation rightintonationfightuseofwordsandfightstructure.Hedrinksinallthe wordsandexpressionswhichcometohiminaflashever-bubblingspring.There isnoresistance:thereisperfectassimilation.??Thenthechild hasasitwereprivatelessonsalltheyearroundwhileanadult language-studenthaseachweekalimitednumberofhourswhichhegenerally shareswithothers.Thechildhasanotheradvantage:hehearsthelanguagein allpossiblesituationsalwaysaccompaniedbythefightkindofgesturesand facialexpressions.?Herethereisnothingunnaturalsuchasisoften foundinlanguagelessonsinschoolswhenonetalksabouticeandsnowinJune orscorchingheatinJanuary.Andwhatachildhearsisgenerallywhat immediatelyinterestshim.Againandagainwhenhisattemptsatspeechare successfulhisdesiresareunderstoodandfulfilled.??Finally thoughachild’steachersmaynothavebeentrainedinlanguageteaching theirrelationswithhimarealwayscloseandpersonal.Theytakegreatpainsto maketheirlessonseasy.Thereasonwhychildrenlearntheirmothertonguesowellliessolelyintheirenvironmentoflearning.
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{{*HTML*}}??阅读下面的短文文中有15处空白每处空白给出4个选项请根据短文的内容从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案 {{B}}Americancivilwar{{/B}}??Historiansof thewarcanbedividedintotwoschools.Thefirstconsidersthatitwasthe unavoidableoutcomeofconflicting{{U}}?51?{{/U}}betweenNorthernand Southern{{U}}?52?{{/U}}.Thesecondblamesit{{U}}?53?{{/U}} politicalleadersfor{{U}}?54?{{/U}}toavertanunnecessary war.??Analystsarealsodividedonwhethertheissueofslavery wastheprimarycauseofthewarorasymptomofothermore{{U}}?55 ?{{/U}}differences—especiallysectionalinterestsandthedoctrineof states’rights—betweentheNorthandSouthwhichhadbeendevelopingsincethe formationoftheAmericanrepublic.??Thefundamental {{U}}?56?{{/U}}waseconomic.Intheearly1840stheNorthernstates begantheprocessofindustrializationmodernizingtheirsocietytomeetthe demandsofeconomicchange.In{{U}}?57?{{/U}}thesloganofAbraham Lincoln’sRepublicanpartyfreelabourfreelandfreemanencapsulatedthe ideologyofvaluingthefreedomofindividualstograspthe{{U}}?58 ?{{/U}}foreconomicself-advancementinaboomingexpanding society.??TheSouthernstatesremainedstubbornly{{U}}?59 ?{{/U}}botheconomicallyandsocially.Itwasabackward-lookingwayoflife oftallwhitemansionsongreat{{U}}?60?{{/U}}dependentonalabour systemwhichmadeslavesofapproximately4millionblackAmericans.? ?Americawas{{U}}?61?{{/U}}dividedbyeconomicstructureand wasledintofratricidal杀同胞的warfarebyaseriesofpoliticalclashes.The mostcommoncausewasthefutureoftheWest.ThecrisesoverCalifornia’s admissionin1850andoverKansas-Nebraskain1854were{{U}}?62?{{/U}} ofthedivergenteconomicinterestsofNorthandSouthinrelationtothe West.??TheNorthwantedfreelandforindependentlabourinthe samenewterritorieswheretheSouth{{U}}?63?{{/U}}toperpetuateits traditionalwayoflifebyextendingslavery.Theissuewasnottheslavery alreadypractisedbutthe{{U}}?64?{{/U}}ofitsextension {{U}}?65?{{/U}}theWest.
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