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The Asian Flu Virus In 1957, a doctor in Singapore noticed that ...
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理工类《阅读理解》真题及答案
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I'mspeaking{{U}}onbehalfof{{/U}}myfriendJohn.
It'sbeena{{U}}privilege{{/U}}tomeetyousirtheyoungmansaidtotheartistashewasleaving.
{{*HTML*}}阅读下面这篇短文短文后有2项测试任务1第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为规定段每段选择1个正确的小标题2第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确选项分别完成每个句子 ?? ??Beforeyoucanuseafaxmodemyoumustspecifyitas active.Alsoonlyonefaxmodemcanbeusedatatime.Ifyouhavemorethan oneavailableyouneedtospecifywhichoneyouwanttobeactive.Makesure thatMailisclosedandtheOutboxisemptybeforeyouspecifytheactive modem.2.??Ifyouplantouseafaxmodemlocatedonanother computeronyournetworkyouneedtospecifythenameofthecomputerandthe nameoftheshareddirectory.Youmayalsoneedtosupplyapasswordforthe shareddirectory.Yourworkgroupadministratororthepersonwhosefax.modemit iscangiveyouthisinformation.3.??Whenyoushareafax modemanyoneusingthenetworkcanconnecttoittosendfaxes.?Because ofthisyoumightreceivefaxesforOtherpeopleinadditiontofaxesintended foryou.Youneedtoforwardfaxesintendedforothers.4.??You cansendafaxfromMailorfromanapplication.WhenyousendafaxfromMail yourfaxcanincludeotherdocumentsthatyouattach.Whenyousendafaxfrom anapplicationthecurrentdocumentbecomesthefaxmessage.Youcansendthe samemessagetoboth’MailandPCFaxrecipientsatthesametimebyusinga combinationofmailandfaxaddresses.Ifyousendmanyfaxestothesame recipientsyoucanavoidhavingtotypethefaxnumbereachtimebyaddingfax numberstoyourPersonalAddressBookinMail.5.??Youcanuse thePersonalAddressBookinMailtostorecommonlyusedfaxnumbersinaddition tocommonlyusedmailaddresses.Youdonotneedtoincludetherecipient’sname whenyoutypeafaxaddress.HoweverifyouhaveselectedtheoptioninMailto addrecipientsautomaticallytothePersonalAddressBookandyouuseanamein thefaxaddresstheaddressisaddedbynameratherthanbyfaxnumber.6. ??Youcanreceiveafaxdirectlyviaafaxmodemonyourcomputer oranotherpersonwhohasafaxmodemontheircomputercanuseMailtoforward afaxtoyou.Ineithercaseincomingfaxesappearexactlylikeincomingmail messagesinyourMailInbox.Youcanviewafaxonyourscreenprintitsave itonyourharddiskreplytoitorforwardit.Whenyoureceiveafaxyoucan______A.saveitonyourharddisk
AfterwhatIhaveheardIhaveno{{U}}inclination{{/U}}togotoherhome.
{{*HTML*}}阅读下面的短文文章中有5处空白文章后有6组文字请根据文章的内容选择5组文字将其分别放回文章原有位置以恢复文章原貌 ??Thereareabout350speciesofsharks.Thelargestsharksare thewhalesharkandthebaskingsharkwhichfeedonplanktonandsmallfish. Theadultwhalesharkgrowstoabout13meterslongwhilethebaskingshark extendsalittleover8meters.{{U}}?46?{{/U}}Ontheotherhandthere areanumberofthemwhichhaveattackedandkilledswimmers.Thesesharks includethegreathammerheadbluewhitetipandofcoursethegreatwhite shark.??{{U}}?47?{{/U}}Thegreatwhitegrowstobetween 5and8meterslongandcanweighmorethan1300kilograms.Itcanswimthrough theeateratspeedsreaching32kilometersperhour.Howeveroneofthefastest swimmersinthesharkfamilyisthebluesharkwhichcanswimataspeedof nearly752kilometersperhour.??{{U}}?48?{{/U}}They cangrowaslongas5centimetersandtheyareverysharp.Unlikehumanswho havetwosetsofteethintheirlifetimesomesharkscanhaveasmanyas5or 6sets.Itisrareforasharktohavefewerthan4sets.Itisrareforashark tohavefewerthan4sets.Astheshark’steetharewornouttheyfalloutand arereplacedbythenextrow.??{{U}}?49?{{/U}}Ina lifetimesomesharkscangrowandlosebetween10000and30000 teeth.??Seabiologistshavediscoveredthatthesharkhasa remarkablylargebrainandawell-developedsensorysystem.Theanimalhasan extraordinarysenseofsmellandexcellentvision.??{{U}} ?50?{{/U}}Specialsensorypitsontheshark’snoseandchincan detectweakelectricalfieldsinthewaterthatareproducedbyfishandother animals.Scientistshaveconcludedthatsharksassociatefoodwithelectrical fields.Scientistsalsobelievethatsharkscreatetheirownelectricalfields toaimtheminknowingwheretogointhesea.???A.Mustof thespeciesarenotparticularlycruel.???B.Sharkshave livedonearthformorethan180millionyears.???C.The greatwhiteisthelargestandcruelestofallanimalsknowntoattack humans.???D.Somesharkscanwearoutafullsetofteeth inlessthan6months.???E.Oneofthemostunusualaspects ofthesharkisitsteeth.???F.Butsharksarealso sensitivetoelectricalfields.
{{*HTML*}}{{B}}第三篇{{/B}} ??Volcanicfireandglacialiceare naturalenemies.Eruptionsatglaciatedvolcanoestypicallydestroyicefields astheydidin1980when70percentofMountSaintHelensicecoverwasde molished.Duringlongdormantintervalsglaciersgaintheupperhandcutting deeplyintovolcanicconesandeventuallyreducingthemtorubble.Onlyrarely dothesecompetingforcesofheatandcoldoperateinperfectbalancetocreate phenomenonsuchasthesteamcavesatMountRainierPark.? ?LocatedinsideRainier’stwoice-filledsummitcratersthesecavesforma labyrinthoftunnelsandvaultedchambersaboutoneandone-halfmilesintotal length.Theircreationdependsonanunusualcombinationoffactorsthatnature almostneverbringstogetherinoneplace.Thecave-makingrecipecallsfora steadyemissionofvolcanicgasandheataheavyannualsnowfallatan elevationhighenoughtokeepitfrommeltingduringthesummeranda bowl-shapedcratertoholdthesnow.??Snowaccumulatingyearlyin Rainier’ssummitcratersiscompactedandcompressedintoadenseformofice calledfirnasubstancemidwaybetweenordinaryiceandthedensercrystalline icethatmakesupglaciers.Heatrisingfromnumerousopeningscalled fumarolesalongtheinnercraterwallsmeltsoutchambersbetweentherocky wallsandtheoverlyingicepack.Circulatingcurrentsofwarmairthenmelt additionalopeninginthefirniceeventuallyconnectingtheindividual chambersandinthelargerofRainier’stwocratersformingacontinuous passagewaythatextendstwo-thirdsofthewayaroundthecrater’s interior.??Tomaintainthecavesystemtheelementsoffire undericemustremaininequilibriumEnoughsnowmustfillthecratereachyear toreplacethatmeltedfrombelow.Iftoomuchvolcanicheatisdischargedthe crater’sicepackwillmeltawayentirelyandthecaveswillvanishalongwith thesnowsofyesteryear.Iftoolittleheatisproducedtheicereplenished annuallybywintersnowstormswillexpandpushingagainsttheenclosingcrater wailsandsmotheringthepresentcavernsinsolidfirn ice.ThesecondparagraphmentionsallofthefollowingasnecessaryelementsinthecreationofsteamcavesEXCEPT______.
{{*HTML*}}{{B}}第二篇{{/B}} ??Mostofthepioneersoflow-temperature physicsexpectedgasestoliquefybutnoneofthempredictedsuperconductivity. Thisphenomenonwasdiscoveredin1911byOnneswhilehewasstudyingfrozen mercury.??Morethan40yearspassedbeforephysicistswereable toofferanexplanationforsuperconductivity.Theacceptedtheorydevelopedin the1950sholdsthatthefundamentalbehaviorofelectronschangesatverylow temperaturesbecauseoftheeffectsofquantummechanics.Electronsaretiny particlesthatmakeuptheouterpartofanatomcirclingrapidlyaroundthe nucleusoftheatom.Inaregularconductor—ametalthatconductsanelectric current—theoutermostelectronsarenotboundtightlytotheatomsandsothey movearoundrelativelyfreely.Theflowoftheseelectronsisanelectric current.??Atnormaltemperaturesaconductor’selectronscannot movecompletelyfreelythroughthemetalbecausetheyarebumpedaroundbythe metal’satoms.Butaccordingtotheleadingtheoryofsuperconductivitywhena metalisverycoldelectronsformpairs.Thenlikecouplesmaneuveringona crowdeddancefloorbutnevercollidingthepairedelectronsareabletomove unimpededthroughthemetal.Inpairingupitseemstheelectronsareableto blendtogetherandmoveinunisonwithoutresistance.??This explanationseemstoaccountforsuperconductivityatextremelylow temperaturesbutin1986scientistsinSwitzerlandfoundthatsome metal-containingceramicsaresuperconductorsatmuchhighertemperatures.By 1992scientistshaddevelopedceramicsthatbecomesuperconductingat-297’F andsomeresearchersspeculatedthatroom-temperaturesuperconductorsmaybe possible.Scientistsarestilltryingtoformulateatheoryforhigh-temperature superconductivity.??Thenewceramicmaterialscanbemaintained attheirsuperconductingtemperatureswithrelativelyinexpensiveliquid nitrogenratherthanthemuchcolderandmuchmorecostlyliquidheliumrequired bymetalsuperconductors.Thecostdifferencecouldmakesuperconductivity practicalformanynewtechnologies.Forexamplemagneticallylevitatedtrains whichrequiresuperconductingelectromagnetswouldbemuchcheapertobuild thantheyarenow.Superconductingdevicesmightalsobeusedforadvancedpower transmissionlinesandinnewtypesofcompactultrafastcomputers.Butforthe timebeingsuperconductivityisfindingapplicationmostlyinscientific researchandinsomekindsofmedicalimaging devices.ThewordbumpinParagraph3maymean_______.
{{*HTML*}}阅读下面这篇短文短文后列出7个句子请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断如果该句提供的是正确信息请选择A如果该句提供的是错误信息请选择B如果该句的信息文章中没有提及请选择C ??Pubicresponsetotechnologyoften variesinpeculiarways.Whilebiotechnologyforexample?givesriseto organizedoppositioninformationtechnologywhichisactuallynoless invasive侵害者?nomoreharmlessiswelcomedorattheleastaccepted withcomparativelylittledebate.??Informationtechnologies—from computerstocommunications—haveobviouslyhadanoverwhelmingsocialimpactand theirbenefitshardlyneedexplanations.Buttheyhavealsodisturbedprivacy andthreatenedcivilliberties.Computerizeddatabanksempowerbureaucratic authoritiesbyprovidingeasyaccesstopersonalinformation—aboutcredit ratingssocialperformance?housingandmedicalhistories.Theywill allowaccesstogeneticfiguresprovidinginformationaboutourtendenciesto employersinsurersproductadvertisersbanksandotherinstitutionsthat exercisecontroloverourlives.Computerizationallowsthesevereextensionof advertisingthroughtelemarketingrequeststhatshamelesslyintrudeourhome life.Informationtechnologieshavedisplacedpeoplefromjobsandturned potentiallyskilledworkersintolow-levelcomputertechnicianscomputershave facilitatedtheworkofscholarsbutalsoturnedthemintotypists;yetone hearshardlyacomplaint.Theyhaveturnedthesimpleactofbuyingaplane ticketintoanendlessmanipulation控制butwewelcometheso-called convenience.Theyhaveencouragednewformsofcrimeandfraud欺诈butwe describethemwithgrudging?admiration.Theyhaveallowednewtypesof evilweaponrybutwecallthemsmartbombs.Perhapsthemostimportant informationtechnologieshaveextendedthepowerofthemassmediacreating unusualpossibilitiesforpoliticalmanipulationreducing accountability有责任有义务andchangingthenatureofpoliticallife.Itistrue thattherearecritiques批评ofinformationtechnologiesfromthose professionallyconcernedabouttheirproblematiclegal?socialand politicalimplications.Thereisaneartotalabsencehoweveroforganized public?concernabouttechnologieswithprofoundandproblematic implications.Theauthorarguesthatbiotechnologyplaysanimportantroleinoureverydaylife.
{{*HTML*}}阅读下面的短文文章中有5处空白文章后有6组文字请根据文章的内容选择5组文字将其分别放回文章原有位置以恢复文章原貌 ??Thereareabout350speciesofsharks.Thelargestsharksare thewhalesharkandthebaskingsharkwhichfeedonplanktonandsmallfish. Theadultwhalesharkgrowstoabout13meterslongwhilethebaskingshark extendsalittleover8meters.{{U}}?46?{{/U}}Ontheotherhandthere areanumberofthemwhichhaveattackedandkilledswimmers.Thesesharks includethegreathammerheadbluewhitetipandofcoursethegreatwhite shark.??{{U}}?47?{{/U}}Thegreatwhitegrowstobetween 5and8meterslongandcanweighmorethan1300kilograms.Itcanswimthrough theeateratspeedsreaching32kilometersperhour.Howeveroneofthefastest swimmersinthesharkfamilyisthebluesharkwhichcanswimataspeedof nearly752kilometersperhour.??{{U}}?48?{{/U}}They cangrowaslongas5centimetersandtheyareverysharp.Unlikehumanswho havetwosetsofteethintheirlifetimesomesharkscanhaveasmanyas5or 6sets.Itisrareforasharktohavefewerthan4sets.Itisrareforashark tohavefewerthan4sets.Astheshark’steetharewornouttheyfalloutand arereplacedbythenextrow.??{{U}}?49?{{/U}}Ina lifetimesomesharkscangrowandlosebetween10000and30000 teeth.??Seabiologistshavediscoveredthatthesharkhasa remarkablylargebrainandawell-developedsensorysystem.Theanimalhasan extraordinarysenseofsmellandexcellentvision.??{{U}} ?50?{{/U}}Specialsensorypitsontheshark’snoseandchincan detectweakelectricalfieldsinthewaterthatareproducedbyfishandother animals.Scientistshaveconcludedthatsharksassociatefoodwithelectrical fields.Scientistsalsobelievethatsharkscreatetheirownelectricalfields toaimtheminknowingwheretogointhesea.???A.Mustof thespeciesarenotparticularlycruel.???B.Sharkshave livedonearthformorethan180millionyears.???C.The greatwhiteisthelargestandcruelestofallanimalsknowntoattack humans.???D.Somesharkscanwearoutafullsetofteeth inlessthan6months.???E.Oneofthemostunusualaspects ofthesharkisitsteeth.???F.Butsharksarealso sensitivetoelectricalfields.{{*HTML*}}
{{*HTML*}}阅读下面这篇短文短文后有2项测试任务1第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为规定段每段选择1个正确的小标题2第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确选项分别完成每个句子 ?? ??Beforeyoucanuseafaxmodemyoumustspecifyitas active.Alsoonlyonefaxmodemcanbeusedatatime.Ifyouhavemorethan oneavailableyouneedtospecifywhichoneyouwanttobeactive.Makesure thatMailisclosedandtheOutboxisemptybeforeyouspecifytheactive modem.2.??Ifyouplantouseafaxmodemlocatedonanother computeronyournetworkyouneedtospecifythenameofthecomputerandthe nameoftheshareddirectory.Youmayalsoneedtosupplyapasswordforthe shareddirectory.Yourworkgroupadministratororthepersonwhosefax.modemit iscangiveyouthisinformation.3.??Whenyoushareafax modemanyoneusingthenetworkcanconnecttoittosendfaxes.?Because ofthisyoumightreceivefaxesforOtherpeopleinadditiontofaxesintended foryou.Youneedtoforwardfaxesintendedforothers.4.??You cansendafaxfromMailorfromanapplication.WhenyousendafaxfromMail yourfaxcanincludeotherdocumentsthatyouattach.Whenyousendafaxfrom anapplicationthecurrentdocumentbecomesthefaxmessage.Youcansendthe samemessagetoboth’MailandPCFaxrecipientsatthesametimebyusinga combinationofmailandfaxaddresses.Ifyousendmanyfaxestothesame recipientsyoucanavoidhavingtotypethefaxnumbereachtimebyaddingfax numberstoyourPersonalAddressBookinMail.5.??Youcanuse thePersonalAddressBookinMailtostorecommonlyusedfaxnumbersinaddition tocommonlyusedmailaddresses.Youdonotneedtoincludetherecipient’sname whenyoutypeafaxaddress.HoweverifyouhaveselectedtheoptioninMailto addrecipientsautomaticallytothePersonalAddressBookandyouuseanamein thefaxaddresstheaddressisaddedbynameratherthanbyfaxnumber.6. ??Youcanreceiveafaxdirectlyviaafaxmodemonyourcomputer oranotherpersonwhohasafaxmodemontheircomputercanuseMailtoforward afaxtoyou.Ineithercaseincomingfaxesappearexactlylikeincomingmail messagesinyourMailInbox.Youcanviewafaxonyourscreenprintitsave itonyourharddiskreplytoitorforwardit.Paragraph6______
{{*HTML*}}{{B}}第三篇{{/B}} ??Volcanicfireandglacialiceare naturalenemies.Eruptionsatglaciatedvolcanoestypicallydestroyicefields astheydidin1980when70percentofMountSaintHelensicecoverwasde molished.Duringlongdormantintervalsglaciersgaintheupperhandcutting deeplyintovolcanicconesandeventuallyreducingthemtorubble.Onlyrarely dothesecompetingforcesofheatandcoldoperateinperfectbalancetocreate phenomenonsuchasthesteamcavesatMountRainierPark.? ?LocatedinsideRainier’stwoice-filledsummitcratersthesecavesforma labyrinthoftunnelsandvaultedchambersaboutoneandone-halfmilesintotal length.Theircreationdependsonanunusualcombinationoffactorsthatnature almostneverbringstogetherinoneplace.Thecave-makingrecipecallsfora steadyemissionofvolcanicgasandheataheavyannualsnowfallatan elevationhighenoughtokeepitfrommeltingduringthesummeranda bowl-shapedcratertoholdthesnow.??Snowaccumulatingyearlyin Rainier’ssummitcratersiscompactedandcompressedintoadenseformofice calledfirnasubstancemidwaybetweenordinaryiceandthedensercrystalline icethatmakesupglaciers.Heatrisingfromnumerousopeningscalled fumarolesalongtheinnercraterwallsmeltsoutchambersbetweentherocky wallsandtheoverlyingicepack.Circulatingcurrentsofwarmairthenmelt additionalopeninginthefirniceeventuallyconnectingtheindividual chambersandinthelargerofRainier’stwocratersformingacontinuous passagewaythatextendstwo-thirdsofthewayaroundthecrater’s interior.??Tomaintainthecavesystemtheelementsoffire undericemustremaininequilibriumEnoughsnowmustfillthecratereachyear toreplacethatmeltedfrombelow.Iftoomuchvolcanicheatisdischargedthe crater’sicepackwillmeltawayentirelyandthecaveswillvanishalongwith thesnowsofyesteryear.Iftoolittleheatisproducedtheicereplenished annuallybywintersnowstormswillexpandpushingagainsttheenclosingcrater wailsandsmotheringthepresentcavernsinsolidfirn ice.ThewordtheyPara.1Line2refersto______.
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{{*HTML*}}阅读下面的短文文中有15处空白每处空白给出4个选项请根据短文的内容从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案 ??Energyequalsmasstimesthespeedof lightsquared.ThisisthefamousequationofAlbertEinstein.It{{U}}?51 ?{{/U}}tothecategoryofthetheoryofrelativityanditequatesenergy withmass.??Allthingsaremadeupofatoms.When{{U}}?52 ?{{/U}}ofanatomtravelsatalmostthespeedoflight{{U}}?53 ?{{/U}}weputmoreenergyintoittoincreasethespeeditbeginstoin creaseinmass.Theenergythatmakesittravelfastcannotmakeittravel{{U}} ?54?{{/U}}thespeedoflight—nothing{{U}}?55?{{/U}}light cantravelthatfast-sotheenergygoesintothething{{U}}?56 ?{{/U}}andincreasesitsmass.Energy{{U}}?57?{{/U}}into mass.??Whyisthetheorycalledthetheoryofrelativity?Athing thatisrelativedependsupon{{U}}?58?{{/U}}elsetoidentifyitorto defineit.Inrelativitytheoryweidentifyordefinemasstimeandlength{{U}} ?59?{{/U}}tothespeedoflight.??Whensomethingisat restitlooks{{U}}?60?{{/U}}inlength.Howeverwhenittravelsat almostthespeedoflightitbecomes{{U}}?61?{{/U}}.Timealso changes.Howeverthechangeintimeis{{U}}?62?{{/U}}tothechangein length.Thelengthofathingbecomesshort{{U}}?63?{{/U}}timebecomes long.??Ifyouwantto{{U}}?64?{{/U}}youngrelativeto afriendtakeatripinaspaceshipthattravelsat{{U}}?65?{{/U}}the speedoflight.Andalthoughtimeandheartbeatseemordinarytoyouinthe spaceshipwhenyoureturnlookatyourfriend;Relativetoyouheorsheis old.
{{*HTML*}}下面有3篇短文每篇短文后有5道题每题后面有4个选项请仔细阅读短文并根据短文回答其后面的问题从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案 {{B}}第一篇{{/B}} ??Manyfeaturessimilartothose aeronauticalinnovationsdevelopedbymancanbeobservedamongstbirdsinsects andplants.Attimesobservationsofthesenaturalphenomenahaveinspiredman toimitatenatureandmodifyexistingdesigns.Atothertimesthenatural examplehasonlybeenrecognizedwellaftergreatamountsoftimeandvaluable materialshavebeendevotedtorefiningasimilarhumaninvention.? ?Birdsdeservecreditnotmerelyfordemonstratingflightwaspossiblebut forprovidingtemplatesfortheshapeofaircraftwings.Thewingsofbirds suggestedthepatternforleadingedgewingslotsthatimproveascentatslow speedsandforconicalcamberedwingtipsthatincreaseliftandstability.Other characteristicsofbirdwingssuchasatrailingedgeflaptoaidinsmooth landingswerenotrecognizedasimportantuntiltheyhadbeendesigned independentlybyaeronauticalengineers.Considerableresearcheffortin aeronauticscouldprobablyhavebeensavedbymorethoroughanalysisofbird flight.??Theinsectworldhasalsocontributedsignificantideas intherealmsofnavigationandguidance.Inordertoaidairlinenavigation duringtake-offsandlandingsunderadverseweatherconditionsengineers developedasystemforlocatingthesunwhenitwashiddenbycloudsthrough observingpolarizedlight—lightwhichtravelsinasingledirection.The researchwasinstigated鼓励激发afterstudiesofhoneybeesdemonstratedthatthey usedthismechanismtodeterminetheirlocationwhentheskywasdarkened.In anothercredittotheinsectworldtheevasiveguidancesystemsofcertain missilesuseangularaccelerationdetectorsmodeledafterthemulti-lensedeyes ofhouseflieswhichamplifysubtlemovementsbysplittingimagesintoa mosaic马赛克resemblingalargedisplayoftelevisionstunedtothesame channel.??Evenentitieswhichnevertakeflightthemselvesare responsibleforguidingthehandofaeronauticalengineers.Thewingedseedofa palmtreewasthemodelforanearlygliderandthesingle-wingedautorotating mapleseedwastheprototypeforameansofair-droppingcargoby parachute.ThewordtemplatesPara2isclosestinmeaningto______.
{{*HTML*}}阅读下面的短文文中有15处空白每处空白给出4个选项请根据短文的内容从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案 ??Energyequalsmasstimesthespeedof lightsquared.ThisisthefamousequationofAlbertEinstein.It{{U}}?51 ?{{/U}}tothecategoryofthetheoryofrelativityanditequatesenergy withmass.??Allthingsaremadeupofatoms.When{{U}}?52 ?{{/U}}ofanatomtravelsatalmostthespeedoflight{{U}}?53 ?{{/U}}weputmoreenergyintoittoincreasethespeeditbeginstoin creaseinmass.Theenergythatmakesittravelfastcannotmakeittravel{{U}} ?54?{{/U}}thespeedoflight—nothing{{U}}?55?{{/U}}light cantravelthatfast-sotheenergygoesintothething{{U}}?56 ?{{/U}}andincreasesitsmass.Energy{{U}}?57?{{/U}}into mass.??Whyisthetheorycalledthetheoryofrelativity?Athing thatisrelativedependsupon{{U}}?58?{{/U}}elsetoidentifyitorto defineit.Inrelativitytheoryweidentifyordefinemasstimeandlength{{U}} ?59?{{/U}}tothespeedoflight.??Whensomethingisat restitlooks{{U}}?60?{{/U}}inlength.Howeverwhenittravelsat almostthespeedoflightitbecomes{{U}}?61?{{/U}}.Timealso changes.Howeverthechangeintimeis{{U}}?62?{{/U}}tothechangein length.Thelengthofathingbecomesshort{{U}}?63?{{/U}}timebecomes long.??Ifyouwantto{{U}}?64?{{/U}}youngrelativeto afriendtakeatripinaspaceshipthattravelsat{{U}}?65?{{/U}}the speedoflight.Andalthoughtimeandheartbeatseemordinarytoyouinthe spaceshipwhenyoureturnlookatyourfriend;Relativetoyouheorsheis old.
{{*HTML*}}阅读下面这篇短文短文后有2项测试任务1第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为规定段每段选择1个正确的小标题2第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确选项分别完成每个句子 ?? ??Beforeyoucanuseafaxmodemyoumustspecifyitas active.Alsoonlyonefaxmodemcanbeusedatatime.Ifyouhavemorethan oneavailableyouneedtospecifywhichoneyouwanttobeactive.Makesure thatMailisclosedandtheOutboxisemptybeforeyouspecifytheactive modem.2.??Ifyouplantouseafaxmodemlocatedonanother computeronyournetworkyouneedtospecifythenameofthecomputerandthe nameoftheshareddirectory.Youmayalsoneedtosupplyapasswordforthe shareddirectory.Yourworkgroupadministratororthepersonwhosefax.modemit iscangiveyouthisinformation.3.??Whenyoushareafax modemanyoneusingthenetworkcanconnecttoittosendfaxes.?Because ofthisyoumightreceivefaxesforOtherpeopleinadditiontofaxesintended foryou.Youneedtoforwardfaxesintendedforothers.4.??You cansendafaxfromMailorfromanapplication.WhenyousendafaxfromMail yourfaxcanincludeotherdocumentsthatyouattach.Whenyousendafaxfrom anapplicationthecurrentdocumentbecomesthefaxmessage.Youcansendthe samemessagetoboth’MailandPCFaxrecipientsatthesametimebyusinga combinationofmailandfaxaddresses.Ifyousendmanyfaxestothesame recipientsyoucanavoidhavingtotypethefaxnumbereachtimebyaddingfax numberstoyourPersonalAddressBookinMail.5.??Youcanuse thePersonalAddressBookinMailtostorecommonlyusedfaxnumbersinaddition tocommonlyusedmailaddresses.Youdonotneedtoincludetherecipient’sname whenyoutypeafaxaddress.HoweverifyouhaveselectedtheoptioninMailto addrecipientsautomaticallytothePersonalAddressBookandyouuseanamein thefaxaddresstheaddressisaddedbynameratherthanbyfaxnumber.6. ??Youcanreceiveafaxdirectlyviaafaxmodemonyourcomputer oranotherpersonwhohasafaxmodemontheircomputercanuseMailtoforward afaxtoyou.Ineithercaseincomingfaxesappearexactlylikeincomingmail messagesinyourMailInbox.Youcanviewafaxonyourscreenprintitsave itonyourharddiskreplytoitorforwardit.Paragraph4______
{{*HTML*}}{{B}}第二篇{{/B}} ??Mostofthepioneersoflow-temperature physicsexpectedgasestoliquefybutnoneofthempredictedsuperconductivity. Thisphenomenonwasdiscoveredin1911byOnneswhilehewasstudyingfrozen mercury.??Morethan40yearspassedbeforephysicistswereable toofferanexplanationforsuperconductivity.Theacceptedtheorydevelopedin the1950sholdsthatthefundamentalbehaviorofelectronschangesatverylow temperaturesbecauseoftheeffectsofquantummechanics.Electronsaretiny particlesthatmakeuptheouterpartofanatomcirclingrapidlyaroundthe nucleusoftheatom.Inaregularconductor—ametalthatconductsanelectric current—theoutermostelectronsarenotboundtightlytotheatomsandsothey movearoundrelativelyfreely.Theflowoftheseelectronsisanelectric current.??Atnormaltemperaturesaconductor’selectronscannot movecompletelyfreelythroughthemetalbecausetheyarebumpedaroundbythe metal’satoms.Butaccordingtotheleadingtheoryofsuperconductivitywhena metalisverycoldelectronsformpairs.Thenlikecouplesmaneuveringona crowdeddancefloorbutnevercollidingthepairedelectronsareabletomove unimpededthroughthemetal.Inpairingupitseemstheelectronsareableto blendtogetherandmoveinunisonwithoutresistance.??This explanationseemstoaccountforsuperconductivityatextremelylow temperaturesbutin1986scientistsinSwitzerlandfoundthatsome metal-containingceramicsaresuperconductorsatmuchhighertemperatures.By 1992scientistshaddevelopedceramicsthatbecomesuperconductingat-297’F andsomeresearchersspeculatedthatroom-temperaturesuperconductorsmaybe possible.Scientistsarestilltryingtoformulateatheoryforhigh-temperature superconductivity.??Thenewceramicmaterialscanbemaintained attheirsuperconductingtemperatureswithrelativelyinexpensiveliquid nitrogenratherthanthemuchcolderandmuchmorecostlyliquidheliumrequired bymetalsuperconductors.Thecostdifferencecouldmakesuperconductivity practicalformanynewtechnologies.Forexamplemagneticallylevitatedtrains whichrequiresuperconductingelectromagnetswouldbemuchcheapertobuild thantheyarenow.Superconductingdevicesmightalsobeusedforadvancedpower transmissionlinesandinnewtypesofcompactultrafastcomputers.Butforthe timebeingsuperconductivityisfindingapplicationmostlyinscientific researchandinsomekindsofmedicalimaging devices.Thebestadvantageofnewceramicmaterialsovermetalsuperconductorsis______.
{{*HTML*}}阅读下面这篇短文短文后列出7个句子请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断如果该句提供的是正确信息请选择A如果该句提供的是错误信息请选择B如果该句的信息文章中没有提及请选择C ??Pubicresponsetotechnologyoften variesinpeculiarways.Whilebiotechnologyforexample?givesriseto organizedoppositioninformationtechnologywhichisactuallynoless invasive侵害者?nomoreharmlessiswelcomedorattheleastaccepted withcomparativelylittledebate.??Informationtechnologies—from computerstocommunications—haveobviouslyhadanoverwhelmingsocialimpactand theirbenefitshardlyneedexplanations.Buttheyhavealsodisturbedprivacy andthreatenedcivilliberties.Computerizeddatabanksempowerbureaucratic authoritiesbyprovidingeasyaccesstopersonalinformation—aboutcredit ratingssocialperformance?housingandmedicalhistories.Theywill allowaccesstogeneticfiguresprovidinginformationaboutourtendenciesto employersinsurersproductadvertisersbanksandotherinstitutionsthat exercisecontroloverourlives.Computerizationallowsthesevereextensionof advertisingthroughtelemarketingrequeststhatshamelesslyintrudeourhome life.Informationtechnologieshavedisplacedpeoplefromjobsandturned potentiallyskilledworkersintolow-levelcomputertechnicianscomputershave facilitatedtheworkofscholarsbutalsoturnedthemintotypists;yetone hearshardlyacomplaint.Theyhaveturnedthesimpleactofbuyingaplane ticketintoanendlessmanipulation控制butwewelcometheso-called convenience.Theyhaveencouragednewformsofcrimeandfraud欺诈butwe describethemwithgrudging?admiration.Theyhaveallowednewtypesof evilweaponrybutwecallthemsmartbombs.Perhapsthemostimportant informationtechnologieshaveextendedthepowerofthemassmediacreating unusualpossibilitiesforpoliticalmanipulationreducing accountability有责任有义务andchangingthenatureofpoliticallife.Itistrue thattherearecritiques批评ofinformationtechnologiesfromthose professionallyconcernedabouttheirproblematiclegal?socialand politicalimplications.Thereisaneartotalabsencehoweveroforganized public?concernabouttechnologieswithprofoundandproblematic implications.Whatworriestheauthormostisthatourprivacywillbethreatenedbybusinessman.
{{*HTML*}}下面有3篇短文每篇短文后有5道题每题后面有4个选项请仔细阅读短文并根据短文回答其后面的问题从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案 {{B}}第一篇{{/B}} ??Manyfeaturessimilartothose aeronauticalinnovationsdevelopedbymancanbeobservedamongstbirdsinsects andplants.Attimesobservationsofthesenaturalphenomenahaveinspiredman toimitatenatureandmodifyexistingdesigns.Atothertimesthenatural examplehasonlybeenrecognizedwellaftergreatamountsoftimeandvaluable materialshavebeendevotedtorefiningasimilarhumaninvention.? ?Birdsdeservecreditnotmerelyfordemonstratingflightwaspossiblebut forprovidingtemplatesfortheshapeofaircraftwings.Thewingsofbirds suggestedthepatternforleadingedgewingslotsthatimproveascentatslow speedsandforconicalcamberedwingtipsthatincreaseliftandstability.Other characteristicsofbirdwingssuchasatrailingedgeflaptoaidinsmooth landingswerenotrecognizedasimportantuntiltheyhadbeendesigned independentlybyaeronauticalengineers.Considerableresearcheffortin aeronauticscouldprobablyhavebeensavedbymorethoroughanalysisofbird flight.??Theinsectworldhasalsocontributedsignificantideas intherealmsofnavigationandguidance.Inordertoaidairlinenavigation duringtake-offsandlandingsunderadverseweatherconditionsengineers developedasystemforlocatingthesunwhenitwashiddenbycloudsthrough observingpolarizedlight—lightwhichtravelsinasingledirection.The researchwasinstigated鼓励激发afterstudiesofhoneybeesdemonstratedthatthey usedthismechanismtodeterminetheirlocationwhentheskywasdarkened.In anothercredittotheinsectworldtheevasiveguidancesystemsofcertain missilesuseangularaccelerationdetectorsmodeledafterthemulti-lensedeyes ofhouseflieswhichamplifysubtlemovementsbysplittingimagesintoa mosaic马赛克resemblingalargedisplayoftelevisionstunedtothesame channel.??Evenentitieswhichnevertakeflightthemselvesare responsibleforguidingthehandofaeronauticalengineers.Thewingedseedofa palmtreewasthemodelforanearlygliderandthesingle-wingedautorotating mapleseedwastheprototypeforameansofair-droppingcargoby parachute.Researchrelatedtomissileguidancesystemsimpliesthat______.
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{{*HTML*}}阅读下面的短文文中有15处空白每处空白给出4个选项请根据短文的内容从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案 ??Energyequalsmasstimesthespeedof lightsquared.ThisisthefamousequationofAlbertEinstein.It{{U}}?51 ?{{/U}}tothecategoryofthetheoryofrelativityanditequatesenergy withmass.??Allthingsaremadeupofatoms.When{{U}}?52 ?{{/U}}ofanatomtravelsatalmostthespeedoflight{{U}}?53 ?{{/U}}weputmoreenergyintoittoincreasethespeeditbeginstoin creaseinmass.Theenergythatmakesittravelfastcannotmakeittravel{{U}} ?54?{{/U}}thespeedoflight—nothing{{U}}?55?{{/U}}light cantravelthatfast-sotheenergygoesintothething{{U}}?56 ?{{/U}}andincreasesitsmass.Energy{{U}}?57?{{/U}}into mass.??Whyisthetheorycalledthetheoryofrelativity?Athing thatisrelativedependsupon{{U}}?58?{{/U}}elsetoidentifyitorto defineit.Inrelativitytheoryweidentifyordefinemasstimeandlength{{U}} ?59?{{/U}}tothespeedoflight.??Whensomethingisat restitlooks{{U}}?60?{{/U}}inlength.Howeverwhenittravelsat almostthespeedoflightitbecomes{{U}}?61?{{/U}}.Timealso changes.Howeverthechangeintimeis{{U}}?62?{{/U}}tothechangein length.Thelengthofathingbecomesshort{{U}}?63?{{/U}}timebecomes long.??Ifyouwantto{{U}}?64?{{/U}}youngrelativeto afriendtakeatripinaspaceshipthattravelsat{{U}}?65?{{/U}}the speedoflight.Andalthoughtimeandheartbeatseemordinarytoyouinthe spaceshipwhenyoureturnlookatyourfriend;Relativetoyouheorsheis old.
{{*HTML*}}阅读下面这篇短文短文后列出7个句子请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断如果该句提供的是正确信息请选择A如果该句提供的是错误信息请选择B如果该句的信息文章中没有提及请选择C ??Pubicresponsetotechnologyoften variesinpeculiarways.Whilebiotechnologyforexample?givesriseto organizedoppositioninformationtechnologywhichisactuallynoless invasive侵害者?nomoreharmlessiswelcomedorattheleastaccepted withcomparativelylittledebate.??Informationtechnologies—from computerstocommunications—haveobviouslyhadanoverwhelmingsocialimpactand theirbenefitshardlyneedexplanations.Buttheyhavealsodisturbedprivacy andthreatenedcivilliberties.Computerizeddatabanksempowerbureaucratic authoritiesbyprovidingeasyaccesstopersonalinformation—aboutcredit ratingssocialperformance?housingandmedicalhistories.Theywill allowaccesstogeneticfiguresprovidinginformationaboutourtendenciesto employersinsurersproductadvertisersbanksandotherinstitutionsthat exercisecontroloverourlives.Computerizationallowsthesevereextensionof advertisingthroughtelemarketingrequeststhatshamelesslyintrudeourhome life.Informationtechnologieshavedisplacedpeoplefromjobsandturned potentiallyskilledworkersintolow-levelcomputertechnicianscomputershave facilitatedtheworkofscholarsbutalsoturnedthemintotypists;yetone hearshardlyacomplaint.Theyhaveturnedthesimpleactofbuyingaplane ticketintoanendlessmanipulation控制butwewelcometheso-called convenience.Theyhaveencouragednewformsofcrimeandfraud欺诈butwe describethemwithgrudging?admiration.Theyhaveallowednewtypesof evilweaponrybutwecallthemsmartbombs.Perhapsthemostimportant informationtechnologieshaveextendedthepowerofthemassmediacreating unusualpossibilitiesforpoliticalmanipulationreducing accountability有责任有义务andchangingthenatureofpoliticallife.Itistrue thattherearecritiques批评ofinformationtechnologiesfromthose professionallyconcernedabouttheirproblematiclegal?socialand politicalimplications.Thereisaneartotalabsencehoweveroforganized public?concernabouttechnologieswithprofoundandproblematic implications.Accordingtotheauthorinformationtechnologyhasnothingpositivetosay.
{{*HTML*}}阅读下面的短文文章中有5处空白文章后有6组文字请根据文章的内容选择5组文字将其分别放回文章原有位置以恢复文章原貌 ??Thereareabout350speciesofsharks.Thelargestsharksare thewhalesharkandthebaskingsharkwhichfeedonplanktonandsmallfish. Theadultwhalesharkgrowstoabout13meterslongwhilethebaskingshark extendsalittleover8meters.{{U}}?46?{{/U}}Ontheotherhandthere areanumberofthemwhichhaveattackedandkilledswimmers.Thesesharks includethegreathammerheadbluewhitetipandofcoursethegreatwhite shark.??{{U}}?47?{{/U}}Thegreatwhitegrowstobetween 5and8meterslongandcanweighmorethan1300kilograms.Itcanswimthrough theeateratspeedsreaching32kilometersperhour.Howeveroneofthefastest swimmersinthesharkfamilyisthebluesharkwhichcanswimataspeedof nearly752kilometersperhour.??{{U}}?48?{{/U}}They cangrowaslongas5centimetersandtheyareverysharp.Unlikehumanswho havetwosetsofteethintheirlifetimesomesharkscanhaveasmanyas5or 6sets.Itisrareforasharktohavefewerthan4sets.Itisrareforashark tohavefewerthan4sets.Astheshark’steetharewornouttheyfalloutand arereplacedbythenextrow.??{{U}}?49?{{/U}}Ina lifetimesomesharkscangrowandlosebetween10000and30000 teeth.??Seabiologistshavediscoveredthatthesharkhasa remarkablylargebrainandawell-developedsensorysystem.Theanimalhasan extraordinarysenseofsmellandexcellentvision.??{{U}} ?50?{{/U}}Specialsensorypitsontheshark’snoseandchincan detectweakelectricalfieldsinthewaterthatareproducedbyfishandother animals.Scientistshaveconcludedthatsharksassociatefoodwithelectrical fields.Scientistsalsobelievethatsharkscreatetheirownelectricalfields toaimtheminknowingwheretogointhesea.???A.Mustof thespeciesarenotparticularlycruel.???B.Sharkshave livedonearthformorethan180millionyears.???C.The greatwhiteisthelargestandcruelestofallanimalsknowntoattack humans.???D.Somesharkscanwearoutafullsetofteeth inlessthan6months.???E.Oneofthemostunusualaspects ofthesharkisitsteeth.???F.Butsharksarealso sensitivetoelectricalfields.
{{*HTML*}}阅读下面这篇短文短文后列出7个句子请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断如果该句提供的是正确信息请选择A如果该句提供的是错误信息请选择B如果该句的信息文章中没有提及请选择C ??Pubicresponsetotechnologyoften variesinpeculiarways.Whilebiotechnologyforexample?givesriseto organizedoppositioninformationtechnologywhichisactuallynoless invasive侵害者?nomoreharmlessiswelcomedorattheleastaccepted withcomparativelylittledebate.??Informationtechnologies—from computerstocommunications—haveobviouslyhadanoverwhelmingsocialimpactand theirbenefitshardlyneedexplanations.Buttheyhavealsodisturbedprivacy andthreatenedcivilliberties.Computerizeddatabanksempowerbureaucratic authoritiesbyprovidingeasyaccesstopersonalinformation—aboutcredit ratingssocialperformance?housingandmedicalhistories.Theywill allowaccesstogeneticfiguresprovidinginformationaboutourtendenciesto employersinsurersproductadvertisersbanksandotherinstitutionsthat exercisecontroloverourlives.Computerizationallowsthesevereextensionof advertisingthroughtelemarketingrequeststhatshamelesslyintrudeourhome life.Informationtechnologieshavedisplacedpeoplefromjobsandturned potentiallyskilledworkersintolow-levelcomputertechnicianscomputershave facilitatedtheworkofscholarsbutalsoturnedthemintotypists;yetone hearshardlyacomplaint.Theyhaveturnedthesimpleactofbuyingaplane ticketintoanendlessmanipulation控制butwewelcometheso-called convenience.Theyhaveencouragednewformsofcrimeandfraud欺诈butwe describethemwithgrudging?admiration.Theyhaveallowednewtypesof evilweaponrybutwecallthemsmartbombs.Perhapsthemostimportant informationtechnologieshaveextendedthepowerofthemassmediacreating unusualpossibilitiesforpoliticalmanipulationreducing accountability有责任有义务andchangingthenatureofpoliticallife.Itistrue thattherearecritiques批评ofinformationtechnologiesfromthose professionallyconcernedabouttheirproblematiclegal?socialand politicalimplications.Thereisaneartotalabsencehoweveroforganized public?concernabouttechnologieswithprofoundandproblematic implications.Thebenefitsbroughtbyinformationtechnologyisquiteevident.
Mybestfriend{{U}}disgraced{{/U}}hisathleticsteambycheating.
{{*HTML*}}阅读下面这篇短文短文后有2项测试任务1第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为规定段每段选择1个正确的小标题2第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确选项分别完成每个句子 ?? ??Beforeyoucanuseafaxmodemyoumustspecifyitas active.Alsoonlyonefaxmodemcanbeusedatatime.Ifyouhavemorethan oneavailableyouneedtospecifywhichoneyouwanttobeactive.Makesure thatMailisclosedandtheOutboxisemptybeforeyouspecifytheactive modem.2.??Ifyouplantouseafaxmodemlocatedonanother computeronyournetworkyouneedtospecifythenameofthecomputerandthe nameoftheshareddirectory.Youmayalsoneedtosupplyapasswordforthe shareddirectory.Yourworkgroupadministratororthepersonwhosefax.modemit iscangiveyouthisinformation.3.??Whenyoushareafax modemanyoneusingthenetworkcanconnecttoittosendfaxes.?Because ofthisyoumightreceivefaxesforOtherpeopleinadditiontofaxesintended foryou.Youneedtoforwardfaxesintendedforothers.4.??You cansendafaxfromMailorfromanapplication.WhenyousendafaxfromMail yourfaxcanincludeotherdocumentsthatyouattach.Whenyousendafaxfrom anapplicationthecurrentdocumentbecomesthefaxmessage.Youcansendthe samemessagetoboth’MailandPCFaxrecipientsatthesametimebyusinga combinationofmailandfaxaddresses.Ifyousendmanyfaxestothesame recipientsyoucanavoidhavingtotypethefaxnumbereachtimebyaddingfax numberstoyourPersonalAddressBookinMail.5.??Youcanuse thePersonalAddressBookinMailtostorecommonlyusedfaxnumbersinaddition tocommonlyusedmailaddresses.Youdonotneedtoincludetherecipient’sname whenyoutypeafaxaddress.HoweverifyouhaveselectedtheoptioninMailto addrecipientsautomaticallytothePersonalAddressBookandyouuseanamein thefaxaddresstheaddressisaddedbynameratherthanbyfaxnumber.6. ??Youcanreceiveafaxdirectlyviaafaxmodemonyourcomputer oranotherpersonwhohasafaxmodemontheircomputercanuseMailtoforward afaxtoyou.Ineithercaseincomingfaxesappearexactlylikeincomingmail messagesinyourMailInbox.Youcanviewafaxonyourscreenprintitsave itonyourharddiskreplytoitorforwardit.Youcannotusemorethanonefaxmodem______
{{*HTML*}}下面的短文有15处空白请根据短文内容为每处空白确定1个最佳选项 Jetlag??Mostpeoplewho travellongdistancescomplainofjetlag喷气飞行时差反应.Jetlagmakesbusiness travelerslessproductiveandmoreprone{{U}}?51?{{/U}}making mistakes.Itisactuallycausedby{{U}}?52?{{/U}}ofyourbodyclock -asmallclusterofbraincellsthatcontrolsthetimingofbiological {{U}}?53?{{/U}}.Thebodyclockisdesignedforaregularrhythmof daylightanddarkness-nesssothatitisthrownoutofbalancewhenit {{U}}?54?{{/U}}daylightanddarknessatthewrongtimesinanew timezone.Thesymptomsofjetlagoftenpersistfordays{{U}}?55 ?{{/U}}theinternalbodyclockslowlyadjuststothenewtime zone.??Nowanewanti-jetlagsystemis{{U}}?56?{{/U}} thatisbasedonprovententativepioneeringscientificresearch.Dr.Martin MooreEdehas{{U}}?57?{{/U}}apracticalstrategytoadjustthebody clockmuchsoonertothenewtimezone{{U}}?58?{{/U}}controlled exposuretobrightlight.Thetimezoneshiftiseasytoaccomplishand eliminatesmostofthediscomfortofjetlag.Asuccessfultimezoneshift dependsonknowingtheexacttimestoeither{{U}}?59?{{/U}}oravoid brightlight.Exposuresuretolightatthewrongtimecanactuallymakejetlag worse.Theproperschedule{{U}}?60?{{/U}}lightexposuredependsa greatdealon{{U}}?61?{{/U}}travelplans.Dataonaspecificflight itinerary旅行路线andtheindividual’ssleep{{U}}?62?{{/U}}areusedto produceaTripGuidewithinstructionsonexactlywhentobeexposedtobright light.WhentheTripGuidecalls{{U}}?63?{{/U}}brightlightyou shouldspendtimeoutdoorsifpossible.Ifitisdarkoutsideortheweatheris bad{{U}}?64?{{/U}}youareonanaeroplaneyoucanuseaspecial lightdevicetoprovidethenecessarylight{{U}}?65?{{/U}}forarange ofactivitiessuchasreadingwatchingTVor working.
Althoughthemen'smovementandtheanxietyitexpressesarecity-basedthe{{U}}dispute{{/U}}iswidespread.
{{*HTML*}}阅读下面的短文文中有15处空白每处空白给出4个选项请根据短文的内容从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案 ??Energyequalsmasstimesthespeedof lightsquared.ThisisthefamousequationofAlbertEinstein.It{{U}}?51 ?{{/U}}tothecategoryofthetheoryofrelativityanditequatesenergy withmass.??Allthingsaremadeupofatoms.When{{U}}?52 ?{{/U}}ofanatomtravelsatalmostthespeedoflight{{U}}?53 ?{{/U}}weputmoreenergyintoittoincreasethespeeditbeginstoin creaseinmass.Theenergythatmakesittravelfastcannotmakeittravel{{U}} ?54?{{/U}}thespeedoflight—nothing{{U}}?55?{{/U}}light cantravelthatfast-sotheenergygoesintothething{{U}}?56 ?{{/U}}andincreasesitsmass.Energy{{U}}?57?{{/U}}into mass.??Whyisthetheorycalledthetheoryofrelativity?Athing thatisrelativedependsupon{{U}}?58?{{/U}}elsetoidentifyitorto defineit.Inrelativitytheoryweidentifyordefinemasstimeandlength{{U}} ?59?{{/U}}tothespeedoflight.??Whensomethingisat restitlooks{{U}}?60?{{/U}}inlength.Howeverwhenittravelsat almostthespeedoflightitbecomes{{U}}?61?{{/U}}.Timealso changes.Howeverthechangeintimeis{{U}}?62?{{/U}}tothechangein length.Thelengthofathingbecomesshort{{U}}?63?{{/U}}timebecomes long.??Ifyouwantto{{U}}?64?{{/U}}youngrelativeto afriendtakeatripinaspaceshipthattravelsat{{U}}?65?{{/U}}the speedoflight.Andalthoughtimeandheartbeatseemordinarytoyouinthe spaceshipwhenyoureturnlookatyourfriend;Relativetoyouheorsheis old.
{{*HTML*}}{{B}}第二篇{{/B}} ??Mostofthepioneersoflow-temperature physicsexpectedgasestoliquefybutnoneofthempredictedsuperconductivity. Thisphenomenonwasdiscoveredin1911byOnneswhilehewasstudyingfrozen mercury.??Morethan40yearspassedbeforephysicistswereable toofferanexplanationforsuperconductivity.Theacceptedtheorydevelopedin the1950sholdsthatthefundamentalbehaviorofelectronschangesatverylow temperaturesbecauseoftheeffectsofquantummechanics.Electronsaretiny particlesthatmakeuptheouterpartofanatomcirclingrapidlyaroundthe nucleusoftheatom.Inaregularconductor—ametalthatconductsanelectric current—theoutermostelectronsarenotboundtightlytotheatomsandsothey movearoundrelativelyfreely.Theflowoftheseelectronsisanelectric current.??Atnormaltemperaturesaconductor’selectronscannot movecompletelyfreelythroughthemetalbecausetheyarebumpedaroundbythe metal’satoms.Butaccordingtotheleadingtheoryofsuperconductivitywhena metalisverycoldelectronsformpairs.Thenlikecouplesmaneuveringona crowdeddancefloorbutnevercollidingthepairedelectronsareabletomove unimpededthroughthemetal.Inpairingupitseemstheelectronsareableto blendtogetherandmoveinunisonwithoutresistance.??This explanationseemstoaccountforsuperconductivityatextremelylow temperaturesbutin1986scientistsinSwitzerlandfoundthatsome metal-containingceramicsaresuperconductorsatmuchhighertemperatures.By 1992scientistshaddevelopedceramicsthatbecomesuperconductingat-297’F andsomeresearchersspeculatedthatroom-temperaturesuperconductorsmaybe possible.Scientistsarestilltryingtoformulateatheoryforhigh-temperature superconductivity.??Thenewceramicmaterialscanbemaintained attheirsuperconductingtemperatureswithrelativelyinexpensiveliquid nitrogenratherthanthemuchcolderandmuchmorecostlyliquidheliumrequired bymetalsuperconductors.Thecostdifferencecouldmakesuperconductivity practicalformanynewtechnologies.Forexamplemagneticallylevitatedtrains whichrequiresuperconductingelectromagnetswouldbemuchcheapertobuild thantheyarenow.Superconductingdevicesmightalsobeusedforadvancedpower transmissionlinesandinnewtypesofcompactultrafastcomputers.Butforthe timebeingsuperconductivityisfindingapplicationmostlyinscientific researchandinsomekindsofmedicalimaging devices.Theflowofanelectriccurrentinaregularconductorismadepossiblebythefactthat______.
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