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The Hawaii Volcanoes National Park The Hawaii Volcanoes National Park, on the island of Hawaii, h...
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高中英语《江苏省清江中学2016届高三上学期周练考试试题及答案》真题及答案
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ThefollowingconversationisbetweenSusanRussell-Robi
B.TheHawaiianIslandsaresituated位于abouttwothousandm
MountKilaueaisoneofthemostactivevolcanoesinHawaii.
ISLANDSintheworldarefamousfordifferentthings.ButHa
YoumightthinkHawaiiisonlyforhoneymoonsbuttherearev
IhavethegreatestjobintheworlD.Itraveltounusualplac
TheIslandsofHawaii◆◇◆HawaiiTheBigIslandofHawaiiisa
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TheIslandsofHawaii☆HawaiiTheBigIslandofHawaiiisapa
TheHawaiianIslandsaresituatedabouttwothousandmiles
ExpertssaytheAmericanstateofHawaiihasbeeninvaded入侵
YosemiteNationalParkCaliforniaHardyhikerscanconque
Gettingclosetoactiveoreruptingvolcanoescanbedanger
WhatisthetallestmountainonEarth?Mostschoolchildren
第三部分阅读理解共20小题每题3分满分60分阅读下列短文从每题所给的四个选项A.B.C和D中选出最佳
TheHawaiianIslands◆◇◆HawaiiTheBigIslandofHawaiiisa
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Takingphotographsatabirthdayoraweddinghasbecomeasnaturalasblowingoutcandlesorcuttingthecake.Butourobsessionwithrecordingeverydetailofourhappiestmomentscouldbedamagingourabilitytorememberthemaccordingtoanewresearch.Astudyhasshownthattakingpicturesratherthanconcentratingfullyontheeventsinfrontofuspreventsmemoriestakinghold.Dr.LindaHenkelfromFairfieldUniversityConnecticutdescribeditasthephoto-takingimpairmenteffect.ShesaidPeopleoftenpullouttheircamerasalmostmindlesslytocaptureamomenttothepointwheretheyaremissingwhatishappeningrightinfrontofthem.Whenpeoplerelyontechnologytorememberforthem—countingonthecameratorecordtheeventandthusnotneedingtoattendtoitfullythemselves—itcanhaveanegativeimpactonhowwelltheyremembertheirexperiences.Dr.Henkelandherteamcarriedoutanexperimentinamuseumtolearniftakingpicturesoftheexhibitswashinderingtheabilityofvisitorstorememberwhattheyhadseen.AgroupofuniversitystudentswereledonatourattheBellarmineMuseumofArtatFairfieldUniversityandwereaskedtoeitherphotographortryandrememberobjectsondisplay.Thenextdaytheirmemorywastested.Theresultsshowedthatpeoplewerelessaccurateinrecognizingtheobjectstheyhadphotographedthanthosetheyhadonlylookedat.Itwasfoundthattheirmemoryforthedetailsoftheobjectstheyhadphotographedwaspoorer.Henkel’slabiscurrentlyinvestigatingwhetherthecontentofaphotosuchaswhetheryouareinitaffectsmemory.Sheisalsoresearchingwhetheractivelychoosingwhattophotographmightinfluencewhatweremember.Previousresearchsuggeststhatreviewingphotoswehavetakendoeshelpusrememberobjectsbutonlyifwetakethetime.Researchhassuggestedthatthesheervolumeandlackoforganizationofdigitalphotosforpersonalmemoriesdiscouragesmanypeoplefromaccessingandrecallingthem.InordertorememberwehavetoaccessandinteractwiththephotosratherthanjustcollectthemsaidDr.Henkel.32.Whatdoestheunderlinedwordtheminthefirstparagraphreferto?A.Giftsatabirthday.B.Peoplewhogotoparties.C.Photostakenatawedding.D.Detailsofthehappiestmoments.33.Whatisthephoto-takingimpairmenteffect?A.Someunhappyeventsmayimpairtheeffectsofphotos.B.Takingphotographsofobjectsruinsone’smemoryofthem.C.Theeffectsofphotosarestronglyaffectedbybadcameras.D.Memorieslastforeverwhenpeopletakethephotostheylikemost.34.WhatcanwelearnaboutDr.LindaHenkel’sstudy?A.Agroupofhighschoolstudentswereinvolved.B.Thememoryofparticipantswastestedthefollowingweek.C.Peoplewhojustlookedattheobjectsrememberedfewerdetails.D.Peoplewhophotographedobjectswereworseatrecognizingthem.35.WithwhichofthefollowingmayDr.LindaHenkelagree?A.Reviewingphotosimprovesmemoriesofobjects.B.Focusingonpeopleateventsisthebestwaytoremember.C.Relyingontechnologytorememberaffectsthememory.D.Countingoncamerastorecordeventsisalwaysreliable.
ThomasEdison'sincandescent白炽的light-bulbwillhavebeenbroughttoanendby2016becauseitusestoomuchenergy.Thegreatlighthopetoreplaceitisabulbmadefromlight-emittingdiodes两级管orLEDs.Moreefficienteventhanitsgreencompetitorthecompactfluorescentbulb小型荧光灯LEDscanlastabout20years.ButifyoutakeintoaccounthowmuchenergyisneededtoproducethemareLEDsstillasustainablechoice?MaryAsheagraduateengineeringstudentwho'sworkingonaresearchprojectthat'sassessingthelifecycleofLEDsaskeD.A.sustainabilitysensibility感受性issweepingthroughandtransformingthecurricula课程inAmerica'scollegesofengineeringwithmoreandmoreeducatorsstressingtheimportanceofdesignsandsolutionsthatrelyonrenewableresources.DavidT.Allenachemical-engineeringprofessorsayssustainableengineeringisverymuchinthegrowthmode.Itsgoalistouseresourcesinsuchawaythatcurrentneedsaremetwithoutrobbingfuturegenerationsoftheabilitytousethemaswell.StudentshaveaskedustodelivermorecoursesinthisareasaysAllen.ThepushiscomingfromstudentswhowanttoengageinwhatIcall‘engineeringthatyoucanfeelgoodabout'headds.Youhavetogobackseveralgenerationstofindanothergroupofstudentsinterestedindoingsomethinggoodforsociety.JeremyGuest27didn'tgetbittenbythegreen-designbug臭虫untilhisthirdyearingradschoolwhenhetookacourseinsustainability.Itopenedmyeyeshesays.NowGuestisresearchinghowtorecoverdrinkablewaternutrientsandenergyfromwastewater.28.ThequestionaskedbyAsheinthefirstparagraphisusedtoA.showthatshe'spuzzledbyLEDsB.encouragereaderstothinkaboutitC.introducethetopicofsustainableengineeringD.showhowdifficultsuchachoicecanbe29.ItcanbeinferredfromwhatAllensaysinParagraph3thatA.studentsstudyengineeringforpleasureB.sustainableengineeringwasonceunpopularC.studentsfindsustainableengineeringdifficultD.studentsusedtobelessconcernedaboutsocialbenefits30.Theunderlinedpartgetbittenbythegreen-designbuginthetextmeansA.becomeinterestedingreendesignB.begintolikegreenbugsC.sufferattacksfromgreeninsectsD.failingreendesign31.Whatisconveyedinthetext?A.Currentcoursessatisfystudents'interestinsustainability.B.Studentsareforcedtoshowapassionforenvironmentalproblems.C.SustainableengineeringisbecomingatrenD.D.Sustainabilityisahottopicamongstudents.
ForeightyfourdaysoldSantiagohadnotcaughtasinglefish.AtfirstayoungboyManolinhadsharedhisbadfortunebutafterthefortiethlucklessdaytheboy'sfathertoldhissontogoinanotherboat.FromthattimeonSantiagoworkedalonE.TheboylovedtheoldfishermanandalwayshelpedhimwithmoneyandfooD.UsuallytheywouldtalkaboutthefishtheyhadtakeninluckiertimesoraboutAmericanbaseballaftersupperwhileatnightaloneinhiscottageSantiagodreamedoflionsonthebeachesofAfricawherehehadgoneonasailingshipyearsbeforE.HenolongerdreamedofhisdeadwifE.Ontheeighty-fifthdaySantiagosetofftofishbeforedawn.Twoofhisbaits饵werefreshtunas金枪鱼theboyhadgivenhim.Thenhesethislineswhichwentstraightdownintodeepdarkwater.AsthesunrosehesawotherboatsintowardshorE.A.manofwarbirdshowedhimwheredolphinwerechasingsomeflyingfish.ThistimeSantiagosawtunajumpinginthesunlight.A.smallonetookthehookonhislinE.PullingthefishaboardtheoldmanthoughtitagoodfortunE.Towardnoonamarlinacommonfishintheseastartedeatingthebaitwhichwasonehundredmetersdown.GentlytheoldmanplayedthefishabigoneasheknewfromtheweightonthelinE.Atlasthestrucktosettlethehook.ThefishdidnotcomeoutofthesurfacE.Insteaditbegantopulltheboattothenorthwest.Theoldmanfollowedit.Althoughhewasaloneandnolongerstronghehadhisskillandknewmanytricks.Hewaitedpatientlyforthefishtobetired.Itbecamecoldafterthesunset.SuddenlythemarlinleanedpullingSantiagoforwardonhisfaceandcuttinghischeek.Bydawnhislefthandwascramped抽筋的.Thefishhadheadednorthward;therewasnolandinsight.Hungryhecutpiecesfromthetunaandchewedthemslowly.ThatmorningthefishjumpeD.SeeingitleapSantiagoknewhehadhookedthebiggestmarlinhehadeverseen.Thenthefishwentdownandturnedtowardtheeast.Santiagodrankalittlewaterfromthebottleduringthehotafternoon.ClosetonightfalladolphintookthesmallhookhehadbaiteD.Helifteditaboardcareful.Afterhehadrestedhecutmeatfromthedolphinandkeptalsothetwoflyingfishhefoundinitsstomach.Thatnightheslept.HeawoketofeelthelinerunningthroughhisfingersasthefishjumpeD.Makingthelinelooseslowlyhetriedtotirethemarlin.Afterthefishsloweditsrunhewashedhiscuthandsinseawaterandateoneoftheflyingfish.AtsunrisethemarlinbegantocirclE.Faintanddizzyheworkedtobringthebigfishnearerwitheachturn.Almostexhaustedhefinallydrewhisbigfishalongsideanddroveintheharpoon鱼叉.Thefishwastwofeetlongerthantheboat.NofishlikeithadeverbeenseeninHavanaharbor.AnhourlaterhesightedthefirstsharkafierceMakoanditcameinfasttochaseafterthedeadmarlin.Theoldmanstruckthesharkwithhisharpoon.TheMakorolledandsankcarryingtheharpoonwithitandleavingthemarlinbloody.HeknewthesmellwouldspreaD.Watchinghesawtwosharksclosingin.Hestruckatonewithhisknifeandwatcheditslidingdownintodeepwater.Hekilledtheotherwhileittoreatthefleshofthemarlin.Whenthethirdappearedhethrust刺itwiththeknifE.Theothersharkscameatsunset.Atfirsthetriedtobeatthemwiththetiller舵柄fromtheboatbuthishandswerebleedingandthereweretoomanyintheseA.Inthedarknessashesteered掌舵towardtheharborofHavanaheheardthemhittingtheboatagainandagain.Buttheoldmanthoughtonlyofhissteeringandhisgreattiredness.Hehadgoneouttoofarandthesharkshadbeatenhim.Heknewtheywouldleavehimnothingbutthestrippedskeletonofthebigmarlin.Alllightswereoutwhenhesailedintothelittleharborandbeachedhisboat.Hecouldjustmakeoutthewhitebackboneandtheupstandingtailofthefish.Oncehefellundertheirweightandlaypatientlyuntilhecouldgatherhisstrengthtogoon.Inhiscottagehefellonhisbedandwenttosleep.65.Theabovestoryismostlikelytobeadaptedfrom__________.A.TheAdventuresOfTomSawyerB.TheOldManAndTheSeaC.TheSonOfTheSeaD.TreasureIsland66.AccordingtothetextwhichstatementisNOTtrueaboutManolin?A.TheboyleftSantiagoatlast.B.TheboyhadmercyonSantiago.C.TheboywasSantiago'sadoptedson.D.TheboyshowedhisgreatconcernstoSantiago.67.Whydidthemanfeelthathecouldbeluckythistime?A.Becausealotofsharksfollowedhisboat.B.BecauseasmalltunatookthehookonhislinE.C.BecausehedreamedabouttheAmericanlions.D.Becausehesawmanyflyingfishwerechasedbythedolphins.68.WhydoesSantiagoletthemarlinleadhisboatinsteadofpullingthebigfishup?A.Hewastootiredandhungrytopullthebigfishup.B.Hewantedtousethemarlinasabaittocatchthesharks.C.Hisexperiencetoldhimnottodosobeforethefishwastiredout.D.Hewantedtokillthemarlinfirstbeforehepulledituptotheboat.69.WhichsentencebelowcanbeusedtobestdescribeSantiago'scharacter?A.HenolongerdreamedofhisdeadwifE.inParA.1B.Althoughhewasaloneandnolongerstronghehadhisskillandknewmanytricks.inParA.4C.Almostexhaustedhefinallydrewhisbigfishalongsideanddroveintheharpoon.inParA.5D.Oncehefellundertheirweightandlaypatientlyuntilhecouldgatherhisstrengthtogoon.inParA.670.Accordingtothetextwhatwillbetalkedaboutnext?A.People'sreflectionwhentheysawthegiantmarlin’sskeletonoutsidE.B.A.funeralheldbytheboyandthelocalpeopleafterhisdeath.C.Santiago’sactiontorealizehisdreamaboutthelions.D.Santiago’sstruggleagainstsharks.
Tinymonitoringdeviceshavebecomeanincreasinglycommonwayforscientiststostudyelusiveanimalsthataredifficulttotrackonaday-to-daybasis.Howevernowitseemsthatsmart.sealshavecaughtontothetrickandareusingittotheiradvantagetocatchfish!TofindoutifthatistrueateamofresearchersfromtheUniversityofSt.AndrewsinScotlandselectedagroupoftenyounggreysealsthathadneitherencounteredtheoceannorbeenexposedtoanykindofacoustic声音的tags.Theresearchersthenplacedthesealsoneatatimeinsideapoolthatcontained20foragingboxesonlytwoofwhichhousedfish—onewithtagsandtheotherwithout.Eachsealwasallowedtoexploretheboxestwentyseparatetimes.InordertoensurethatmammalwasnotdependingonitsmemorythefishweremovedtodifferentboxeseachtimE.Atfirsttherewasnodifferenceintheamountoftimeittookthesealstodiscoverthetaggedanduntaggedfish.Howeveraftertheyhadbeeninthepoolafewtimestheystartedlocatingthetaggedfishmuchfaster.Toconfirmthatthisindeedwasthecasetheresearchersconductedasecondexperimentusingtwoboxes—onewithpiecesoffishandtheotherwithjustacoustictags.Sureenoughthesealswereallattractedtotheonethatwassendingoutsignals.Whilethisexperimentinvolvedonlysealstheresearchersbelievethatothermarinemammalsmayalsobeusingtheinformationtocatchprey.SadlypredatorslikesharksthathavebeentaggedbyscientistsmaybenegativelyaffectedaspingstheyemitcouldwarntheirpreyoftheirpresencE.Besidespotentiallymessingupnature’sfoodchainthedinnerbelleffectoftheacoustictagscouldalsomeanthattheconclusionsreachedbypreviousfishstudiesmaynotbecorrect.Nowthatthesecretisoutscientistswillhavetocomeupwithanotherwaytoconducttheirstudies—onethatisnotdetectablebythecraftymarineanimals.28.WhatdoestheunderlinedpartthetrickinParagraph1referto?A.Attachingtinymonitoringdevicestoseaanimals.B.FollowingthesoundthatfishmakE.C.Trackingseaanimalsonaday-to-daybasis.D.Lookingforwaystocatchfish.29.Whatisimpliedaboutthetenyounggreyseals?A.Theyhaveacoustictagsattachedtothem.B.Theyhavebetterhearingthannormalseals.C.Theyhavebeentrainedtorecognizeacoustictags.D.Theywerenotbornintheocean.30.Afterdoingthetwoexperimentstheresearchersmostprobablyconcludedthat________.A.it’sreallyeasyforsealstofindtheirpreyB.sealscanbeeasilyfooledbyacoustictagsC.sealsaremuchclevererthanmostoftheotherseaanimalsD.sealscanreallymakeuseoftheacousticsignalstoprey31.Theresearchersseemtobelievethatsharkstaggedbyscientists________.A.maybenefitfromthetagsB.mayattractsealsbymistakeC.mayfindithardtofindpreyD.maybeannoyedbytheemittedpings
Thinkaboutthelasttimeyoufeltanegativeemotion—likestressangerorfrustration.Whatwasgoingthroughyourmindasyouweregoingthroughthatnegativity?Wasyourmindclutteredwith充斥differentkindsofthoughts?Orwasitparalyzedunabletothink?Thenexttimeyoufindyourselfinthemiddleofaverystressfultimeoryoufeelangryorfrustratedstop.Yesthat’srightstop.Whateveryou’redoingstopandsitforoneminutE.Whileyou’resittingtherecompletelyimmerseyourselfinthenegativeemotion.Allowthatemotiontoconsumeyou.Allowyourselfoneminutetotrulyfeelthatemotion.Don’tcheatyourselfherE.Taketheentireminute—butonlyoneminute—todonothingelsebutfeelthatemotion.WhentheminuteisoveraskyourselfAmIwillingtokeepholdingontothisnegativeemotionasIgothroughtherestoftheday?Onceyou’veallowedyourselftobetotallyimmersedintheemotionandreallyfeelityouwillbesurprisedtofindthattheemotionclearsratherquickly.IfyoufeelyouneedtoholdontotheemotionforalittlelongerthatisOK.Allowyourselfanotherminutetofeeltheemotion.Whenyoufeelyou’vehadenoughoftheemotionaskyourselfifyou’rewillingtocarrythatnegativitywithyoufortherestoftheday.Ifnottakeadeepbreath.Asyouexhalereleaseallthatnegativitywithyourbreath.Thisexerciseseemssimple—almosttoosimplE.ButitisveryeffectivE.Byallowingthatnegativeemotionthespacetobetrulyfeltyouaredealingwiththeemotionratherthanstuffingitdownandtryingnottofeelit.Youareactuallytakingawaythepoweroftheemotionbygivingitthespaceandattentionitneeds.Whenyouimmerseyourselfintheemotionandrealizethatitisonlyemotionitlosesitscontrol.Youcanclearyourheadandproceedwithyourtask.28.Whatshouldyoudowhenyouareintonegativityaccordingtothearticle?A.ListentosomemusiC.B.IgnoreitanddosomethingelsE.C.Justdonothingandtrulyfeelthatemotion.D.Thinkaboutitandtrytodealwithitimmediately.29.TheunderlinedwordimmerseParagraph2mostprobablymeans_____.A.breakdownB.getridofC.cutoffD.throwinto30.What’sthebesttitleofthistext?A.ClearYourMentalSpacE.B.DeepBreathTroubleAway.C.TrytoAvoidtheNegativeEmotion.D.KeepHoldingontoThisNegativeEmotionasLongasPossiblE.31.Theauthor’sopiniontowardsnegativeemotionis_____.A.doubtfulB.optimisticC.frightenedD.confused
TheweatherpredictionsforAsiain2050readlikeastoryfromadoomsdaymoviE.Manyexpertsandgreengroupsfeartheywillcometrueunlessthereisaunitedglobalefforttoholdbackgreenhousegasoutpouring.InthedecadestocomeAsia—hometomorethanhalftheworld's63billionpeople—willchangefromoneclimateextremetoanotherwithtiredfarmersbattlingdroughtsfloodsdiseasefoodshortagesandrisingsealevels.It'snotaprettypicturesaidSteveSawyerclimatepolicyadviserwithGreenpeaceinAmsterdam.GlobalwarmingandchangesofweatherpatternsarealreadyoccurringandthereismorethanenoughcarbondioxideandothergreenhousegasesintheatmospheretodriveclimatechangefordecadestocomE.AlreadychangesarebeingfeltinAsiabutworseislikelytocomE.Sawyerandtopclimatebodiessayandcouldleadtomassmigrationandwidespreadhumandisasters.AccordingtopredictionsicebergswillmeltfastersomePacificandIndianOceanislandswillhavetoevacuateorbuildseadefensesstormswillbecomestrongerandinsectsandwater-bornediseaseswillmoveintonewareasastheworldwarms.Allthiscomesontopofrisingpopulationsanddemandforfoodwaterandotherresources.ExpertssayenvironmentalworseningsuchasdeforestationandpollutionwilllikelyenlargetheresultsofclimatechangE.InwhatcouldbeasignofthefutureJapanwashitbyarecordof10typhoonsandtropicalstormsthisyearwhiletwo-thirdsofBangladeshpartsofNepalandlargeareasofnortheasternIndiawerefloodedaffecting50millionpeopledestroyinglivelihoodsandmakingtensofthousandsill.Theyearbeforeawintercoldstrikeandasummerheatwavekilledmorethan2000peopleinIndiA.32.Thispassageismainlyabout________.A.presentsituationandpredictionsofenvironmentalproblemsinAsiA.B.theweatherpredictionsforAsiainthefutureandthereasonsC.howtoimproveourenvironmentD.reasonswhytheworldwillnolongerbesuitableforustolivein33.InthefuturetheAsianfarmerswillhavetofacethefollowingexcept________.A.foodshortagesB.warsC.droughtsD.floods34.Theunderlinedworddoomsdayinthefirstparagraphmaymean________.A.thehellB.theendoftheworldC.agreatworldwarD.mystery35.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?A.Asianclimatewillchangegreatly.B.SomeislandsmaybefloodedinthefuturE.C.Peoplemaymeetwithsomenewdiseasesresultingfromwater.D.Morethan50millionpeoplehavebeenillinAsiatheyearbeforE.
Sciencehasalotofuses.Itcanuncoverlawsofnaturecurediseasesmakebombsandhelpbridgestostandup.Indeedscienceissogoodatwhatitdoesthatthere’salwaysatemptation__todragitintoproblemswhereitmaynotbehelpful.DavidBrooksauthorofTheSocialAnimal:TheHiddenSourcesofLoveCharacterandAchievementappearstobethelatestinalonglineofwriterswhohavefailedtogoagainstthetemptation.Brooksgainedfameforseveralbooks.HislatestbookTheSocialAnimalhoweverismoreambitiousandseriousthanhisearlierbooks.Itisanattempttodealwithasetofweightytopics.Thebookfocusesonbigquestions:Whathasscienceuncoveredabouthumannature?Whatarethesourcesofcharacter?Andwhyaresomepeoplehappyandsuccessfulwhileothersaren’t?ToanswerthesequestionsBrooksstudiesawiderangeofdisciplines学科.Consideringthisyoumightexpectthebooktobeasimpledescriptionoffacts.ButBrookshasformedhisbookinanunusualandperhapsunfortunateway.Insteadofintroducingscientifictheorieshetellsastorywithinwhichhetriestomakehispointsperhapsinordertokeepthereader’sattention.SoasHaroldandEricatheheroandheroineinhisstorylivethroughchildhoodwehearaboutthescienceofchilddevelopmentandastheybegintodatewehearaboutthetheoryofsexualattraction.Brookscarriesthisthroughtothedeathofoneofhischaracters.OnthewholeBrooks’storyisacceptableifuninspireD.Asonewouldexpecthiswritingismostlyclearandtobefairsomechaptersstandoutabovetherest.IenjoyedforinstancethechapterinwhichHarolddiscovershowtothinkonhisown.WhileHaroldandEricaarecertainlynotstrongormemorablecharactersthemoreseriousproblemswithTheSocialAnimallieelsewherE.TheseproblemspartlyinvolveBrooks’attempttotranslatehistaleintosciencE.32.Theauthormentionsthefunctionsofscienceatthebeginningofthepassageto__________.A.explainwheresciencecanbeappliedB.showthevalueofBrooks’newbookC.remindthereaderoftheimportanceofscienceD.explainwhymanywritersusescienceintheirworks33.Accordingtotheauthorwhichofthefollowingcouldbeastrengthofthebook?A.Itsstrongbasis.B.Itsclearwriting.C.Itsconvincingpoints.D.Itsmemorablecharacters.34.Whatistheauthor’sgeneralattitudetowardsthebook?A.Contradictory.B.SupportivE.C.Cautious.D.Critical.35.Whatistheauthorlikelytowriteaboutafterthelastparagraph?A.Deathofthecharacters.B.Brooks’lifeexperiencE.C.Problemswiththebook.D.Brooks’translationskills.
Apple’sipadhasbeenahugehitamongchildrenwithitseasytouseinterface界面andinnovativeapps.InfactresearcherssaytheastonishingriseoftheipadhasmeantithasnowovertakenhouseholdnamessuchasMcDonaldsandDisneytobecomethenumberonebrandamongAmerican6-12yearolds.TheannualstudyconductedbyleadingyouthandfamilyresearchfirmSmartyPantsranksmorethan250brandseachyear.iPad’snumberonestatusamongkidsrepresentsthesummitofthe‘tablettakeover’—amovementfromsharedscreensandTVnetworkdominancetoplannedcontentonpersonaldevices.SaidWynneTyreepresidentofSmartyPants.KidsincreasinglyturntoiPadforgamesTVshowsvideosbookshomeworkhelpandcommunicatingwithfriendsandfamily.Inthefirm’s2014studyApple’siPadwentaheadofkidbrandssuchasMcDonald’sandDisney.KidsseetheiPadastheall-in-onedigitaltoolgivingthemauniquesenseofindependencetheresearcherssay.TyreenotesthatiPad’smarchtothetophasbeendramatiC.InjustfiveyearstheiPadhasrisenfromranking109thtobeingkid’sfavoritebranD.EarlyonitcapturedtheheartsofteensandmiddleandupperclassfamiliesbutiPadisnowanindispensable不可或缺的partofchildhoodforthemasses.OnthestudyiPadwastopswithaweightedscoreof898outof1000.Disneycameat858Google’sYouTube852McDonald’s839iPhone830andApple829.DigitalentertainmentoverallisseeinganincreaseamongkidsandfamilieswithbrandssuchasNetflixHuluAmazonInstantVideoAndroidandSamsungpostingnoteworthyincreasesinthestudyameasureofkids’awarenesspopularityandloveforabranD.AlongwithiPadthesedevicesandservicesprovideentertainmentthatisalwayson.Offeringseeminglyendlessoptionstabletsanddigitalcontentprovidersaremeetingcontemporarykids’needs—withfunandconnectivitynevermorethanatapaway.24.Whatisthetablettakeovermovementaccordingtothepassage?A.InthemovementeveryoneownsaniPaD.B.ItreferstotheshiftfromwatchingTVtogethertousinganiPadseparately.C.Inthemovementpeoplebecomemoreindependentinentertainment.D.InthemovementpeoplereceivemoreinformationfromaniPadthanfromTV.25.WhatmakesaniPadappealingtothekids?A.AniPadhelpsthekidsbuildupstrongerrelationshipswiththeirparents.B.AniPadcandevelopthekids’readingskills.C.WithaniPadthekidscanbecomeabetterlearner.D.TheycanwatchTVshowsusinganiPaD.26.WhatisthecorrectrankingaccordingtoscoresfromthestudyofSmartyPants?A.Disney—YouTube—Apple—iPhone—iPad—McDonald’sB.iPad—Disney—YouTube--McDonald’s—iPhone—AppleC.iPhone—Disney—iPad--McDonald’s—YouTube--AppleD.iPad—Apple—iPhone--McDonald’s—Disney—YouTube27.Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?A.Apple’siPadcandevelopthekids’creativity.B.Tabletanddigitalproviderscannevermeetthekids’needs.C.AniPadcanprovidethekidswithmostentertainment.D.AniPad’sfunandconnectiontotheInternetattractsthekidsmost.
IfaskedifspaceexplorationshouldcontinuemostAmericanswouldgiveanimmediateresponseeitherinfavorofcontinuingorinfavorofendingspaceexploration.A.commonresponsewouldbethatspaceexplorationisawasteofmoney.AnaverageAmericanuneducatedonthesubjectmightbelievethatthegovernmentiswastingbillionsofdollarsontheresearchthathasnomerit.Someonestrangetothesubjectmightsaythataspaceshuttlegoesuponceinawhileandthatisaboutallthathappens.ResearchisongoingandcontinueswhentherearenoshuttlesbeinglauncheD.Thisalsocoststhegovernmentmoney.Doestheextremecostofspaceexplorationmakesense?OneargumentisthatthegovernmentiswastingmoneyontheresearchnotbeingusedonEarth.ActuallythemoneygoestoworkersandscientiststhatsupportNationalAeronauticsandSpaceAdministrationNASAmissions任务andgoestomajorcompaniesthatplayimportantrolesinmajorsectorsoftheUSeconomy.BoeingisapartnerofNASAforaircraftthesamecompanythatmakescommercialaircraftfortheairlineindustry.Anotherbenefittocontinuingspaceexplorationisthemanyspinoff衍生的technologiesitprovides.TheartificialheartresultedfromexperimentsonthespaceshuttlE.ThehandheldJawsofLifeusedtosavevictimsfromcaraccidentsoriginatedfromthesystemusedtoseparatethespaceshuttlefromitsboosterrockets.InsulationinhomesthatkeepsthemwarmandenergyefficientisbasedonthetechnologyusedtoinsulatethespaceshuttlE.TherearedirectbenefitstotheeconomyprovidedbyNASAmissionsaswellasspinofftechnologies.TheseadvancesarefoundinfoodbuildingmaterialsmedicalproceduresandthevehicleswedrivE.Whileitcanbeproventhatbillionsofdollarsthatcouldbeusedelsewhereisbeingspentonspaceexplorationthebenefitsitprovidesoutweightheterribleaspects.Asamatteroffactthemoneyspenthelpstoimprovethequalityofourlives.63.HowisParagraph2mainlydeveloped?A.Byofferinganalyses.B.Bymakingcomparisons.C.Bygivingsomeexamples.D.Bypresentingresearchfindings.64.ThefunctionofJawsofLifeisto_____.A.savepeoplefromtrafficaccidentsB.doexperimentsonthespaceshuttleC.keephouseswarmandenergyefficientD.separatethespaceshuttlefromitsboosterrockets65.Intheauthor’sopinionspaceexploration_____.A.haschangedourlifecompletelyB.coststoomuchofourtimeC.benefitsusinmanywaysD.hasnothingtodowithus66.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A.BenefitsofspaceexplorationB.Isspaceexplorationworththecost?C.HowtomakespaceexplorationaffordableD.MissionsoftheNASAspaceshuttleprogram
Caneatingachocolatebareverydayreallypreventage-relatedmemoryloss?No.Butanewresearchshowsthatlargeamountsofflavonessubstancesfoundincocoateaandsomekindsofvegetablesmayimproveage-relatedmemoryfailurE.Dr.ScottSmallisaprofessorofneurology神经病学atColumbiaUniversityinnewYorkCity.Heistheleadwriterofaresearchpaperdescribingtheeffectsofcocoaflavonesonbrainactivity.Hisstudyinvolved37volunteersagedbetween50and69.Researchersgavethemahigh-levelflavonesdrinkmadefromcocoabeansoralow-levelflavonesdrink.Foraperiodofthreemonthssomesubjectsgot900milligramsofflavonesaday.Theothersgot10milligramsofflavoneseachday.Brainimagingandmemorytestsweregiventoeachstudysubjectbeforeandafterthestudy.Dr.Smallsaysthatthesubjectswhohadthehigh-levelflavonesdrinkshowedmuchimprovementonmemorytests.Theresearcherswarnthatmoreworkisneededtobedonebecausethisstudywasperformedonlyonasmallgroup.Dr.JoannMansonistheleadresearcherofafour-yearstudyinvolving18000adults.Thisstudywilluseflavonescapsules.Thestudysubjectswillbedividedintotwogroupsandwilltaketwopillsperday.ThecapsulesusedwillalllookthesamE.Butonegroup'scapsuleswillcontainflavoneswhiletheothergroupwilltakecapsulesmadeofaninactivesubstanceorplacebo.Dr.Mansonsaysit'snotnecessaryforpeopletostarteatingmorechocolatebecause3personswouldhavetoeatahugeamountofchocolatetogetthesamelevelofflavonesgiventotherestsubjects.Headdsmanymanufacturershaveplannedtoremovetheflavonesfromtheirchocolateproducts.SimilarlyDr.Mansonsaysacocoa-basedflavonesextract提取maybedevelopedinthefuturE.Buthesaysthatmorestudiesareneededtoseehowmuchflavonesisgoodforourhealth.8.WhatwasdonetothesubjectsafterDr.Small'sstudy?A.Theywereaskedtotakeahigh-levelflavonesdrink.[]B.Theyweregivencapsulescontainingflavones.C.Theyweregivenbrainimagingandmemorytests.D.Theywereaskedtotaketwopillsofflavonescapsulesperday.9.What'sthesimilarityofthetwoexperiments?A.Bothusehigh-levelflavonescapsules.B.ThenumberofthesubjectsisthesamE.C.Drinksandplacebosareusedinbothexperiments.D.Thesubjectsaredividedintotwogroupsinbothexperiments.10.WhywillDr.Mansoncarryoutthefour-yearstudy?A.Toprovethefirstexperimentiswrong.B.Tocarryouttheexperimentfurther.【全品C.Totesthowmuchflavonescanimproveourmemory.D.Toshoweatingchocolateisbettertoimprovememory.11.Whatcanwelearnfromthelastparagraph?A.It'snotnecessaryforustoeatchocolatE.B.ThemoreweeatflavonesthebetterourhealthwillbE.C.InthefuturewecangetflavoneswithouteatingchocolatE.D.It'seasyforpeopletogetthesamelevelofflavonesgiventothetestsubjects.
OnaSaturdaymorningearlierthisSeptembertheworldgotitsfirstlookattheStrati.ThiselectricvehicleisunlikeanyothercurrentlyontheroaD.Itrollsonfourwheelsbutitsbodyandchassis底盘weren’tbuiltinafactory.InsteadStrati’sdesignersusedatechnologycalled3-Dprinting.Itcreatedthosepartsofthecarinonepiecefromthegroundup.ComparedtoatypicalvehicleontheroadtheStratidefinitelylooksdifferentsaysGregSchroederaseniorresearchengineerattheCenterforAutomotiveResearchinAnnArborMich.Hedidnotworkonthenewcar.Hisorganizationstudiestrendsandchangesintheautoindustry.Ittook44hourstoprintthenewcarattheInternationalManufacturingTechnologyShowinChicago.Overthenextfewdaysthecar’sdesignersinstalledadditionalparts.Theseincludedthecar’senginebrakesandtires.ThenearlyonSeptember13JayRogersclimbedintothecarstarteditsengineanddrovethevehicleontothestreet.RogershelpedfoundLocalMotors.It’stheArizona-basedcompanybehindtheStrati.TwoweekslaterhisteamprintedasecondStratiandjustasfastatafairinNewYorkCity.JustinFishkinalocalMotorsofficialseestheStratiasawindowintothefuturE.TodaycarbuyersarelimitedintheirchoiceofavehiclE.TheycanorderonlywhatcarcompanieshavealreadydesigneD.Butinthefuturehesaysyoumaybeabletodesignyourowncaronlineandthengetitprintedtoorder.Manufacturingexpertssay3-Dprintinghasbeguntorevolutionizehowtheymakethings.Thetechnologyhasbeenaroundfordecades.Butthesemachinesusedtobesoexpensivethatonlylargecompaniescouldaffordthem.InthelastfewyearsthoughthathaschangeD.Manyofthemachinesarenowinexpensiveenoughforsmallcompanies—orevenindividuals—toown.SomelocallibrariesmakethemavailabletothepubliC.HighSchoolsarebeginningtousetheminclassrooms.Wideaccesstotheseprintersmeanspeoplecannowdesignandprintawidevarietyofnovelthings.Thecar’sprinterisaone-of-a-kinddevicE.Thetechnologybehindthe3-DprinterusedinChicagoisanexampleofadditivemanufacturing.Thisprocessbuildssolidobjectsslicebyslicefromthebottomup.StratimeanslayersinItalian.A.mechanicalarmmovesanozzlefromonesidetoanotherbackandforth.Asitmovesthenozzledepositsaliquid—oftenmeltedplasticormetalbutitcouldbefoodconcreteorevencells—thatquicklyhardensorbondstobecomesolidorsemi-soliD.Thiscreatesasinglethinlayer.OncealayeriscompletetheprinterstartsdepositingthenextonE.There’salotofinterestin3-DprintingintheautoindustrysaysSchroeder.Rightnowthetechnologyisparticularlyusefulforbuildingmodelsofcarsorcarparts.Tocompetewithcurrentautomanufacturersthe3-DprinterwouldhavetoincreaseinahurrySchroedersays.BycontrasthenotesaFordF-150pickuptruckrollsoffanassemblylineatarateofroughlyoneperminutE.ToprintasmanyStratiswouldrequiremanymoreprinters.Schroedersayshedoesn’tsee3-Dprintingsoontakingoverforsuchhigh-volumemanufacturing.Butheadds:Whoknowswhatwillhappeninthelongterm?ScientistsatOakRidgeNationalLaboratoryinTennesseedesignedthe3-DprinterusedinChicago.LonnieLovearesearchscientistatthelabledtheeffort.AdditivemanufacturingoftenisslowandexpensivE.ItalsomayproducematerialsthatareunreliableLovesays.Sofortwoyearshisteamsearchedforwaystomake3-Dprintingbetter.Theybuiltnewmachinesandtestedthemoverandover.Allofthatworkpaidoff:theirnewmachineisfastanduseslessexpensivematerialthanearlierprinters.Inadditionitprintsaplasticembeddedwithfibersofcarbontoproduceastrongermaterial.Thishelpsensurethematerialwon’tcrackorbreakunderpressurE.55.WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutthefirstStratiisTRUE?A.ItwasborninacarfactoryinChicago.B.Itisapitythatithasnotrunonthestreetsofar.C.ManyseniorresearchengineersworkedonitincludingGregSchroeder.D.Allpartsofitwerenotmadebyusingatechnologycalled3-Dtechnology.56.Accordingtothepassagewhendid3-Dfirstappearintheworld?A.A.fewdecadesagoB.EarlyonSeptember13C.OnaSaturdaymorningearlierthisSeptember.D.AttheInternationalManufacturingTechnologyShowinChicago.57.WhatcanweinferfromParagraph5?A.Largecompaniesarealwaysrichenoughtobuyexpensivethings.B.NowHighSchoolsarebeginningtouse3-Dprintersinclassrooms.C.Highpricesofnewproductscanstopthemfrombeingusedwidelyinthebeginning.D.Wideaccessto3-DprintershasmadeitpossibleforpeopletoordernovelthingsonlinE.58.WhatdoesthewordnozzleinParagraph7possiblyreferto?A.A.partofthe3-Dprinter.B.A.singlethinlayer.C.A.solidorsemi-solidobject.D.A.personwhooperatesthemachinE.59.WhydidLonnieLovemakeeffortstoimprove3-Dprintingwithhisteam?A.Becausehejustwasinterestedinmakingnewthings.B.BecausehejustwantedtobuildnewmachinesandtestthemC.BecauseadditivemanufacturingisalwaysslowbutinexpensivE.D.Becauseadditivemanufacturingmightproduceunreliablematerials.60.Whichofthefollowingcanbethetitleforthispassage?A.3-DPrintersAreComingB.3-DPrintersAreMakingCarsC.3-DPrintersAreBecomingCheaperD.3-DPrintersAreBecomingWell-Known
Equippedonlywithapairofbinoculars双筒望远镜andreadytospendlonghourswaitinginallweathersforapreciousglanceofararebullfinch红腹灰雀Britain’sbirdwatchershadlongbeensupposedtobeloversofaminoritysport.Butnewfiguresshowbirdwatchingisfastbecomingapopularpastimewithalmostthreemillionofusabsorbedinourflutteringfeatheredfriends.DevotedbirdwatchersthosepreparedtotravelthousandsofmilesforasightingofarareSiberianbirdarefastbeingjoinedbyanewbreedoffollowerwhoseinterestissatiatedbywatchingafewfinches雀科鸣鸟onaSundaywalkorputtingupabird-boxinthebackgarden.AlmostthreemillionUKbirdwatchersiscertainlypossibleifyouincludeeveryonewithon1yacasualinterestStephenMosssaidinhisnewlypublishedbook--A.BirdintheBush:aSocialHistoryofBirdwatching--whichrecordsthepursuitfromtherichVictorianEnglishman’sloveofshootingrarebirdstothelessoffensiveobservationaltendenciesofbirdwatcherstoday.TelevisionwildlifeprogrammeshavehelpedtofuelthenewtrenD.LastsummerBBC2’sBritainGoesWildwasasurprisesuccess.Itpulledinthreemillionviewersandledtobird-housessellingoutacrosstheUKas45000peoplepromisedtoputupabox.Birdwatchers’networkingsystemfirstcametotheattentionofthenationinl989whenabirdwatchercaughtsightofthefirstVermivorachrysoptera—agolden-wingedsongbirdfromNorthAmerica—tobeseeninBritain.HeputamessageoutonthenetworkserviceBirdlineandthenextday3000birdwatchersprovedthefullpullofatrulyrarebirdastheyvisitedtheTescocarparkinKentwhereithadsettleD.Todaybirdwatcherscanlogontowww.birdlinE.co.ukorhavenewsofthelatestsightingstextedtotheirphones.Multimillion-poundspendingonbinocularsbirdfoodandboxespointtotheincreasingnumbersofbirdwatcherssaidDavidCromacktheeditorofBirdWatchingmagazinE.Thenumberofpeopleinvolvedissobigthattheyhavegreatpotentialtoinfluencegovernmentdecisionsaffectingtheenvironment.73.Thewordsatiatedinparagraph2canbestbereplacedby____.A.affectedB.sharedC.satisfiedD.narrowed74.WhathappenedafterthemessageofseeingaVermivorachrysopterawasputonthenetwork?A.BirdwatchershelpedtherarebirdsettleinKent.B.LargenumbersofbirdwatcherswenttoviewthebirD.C.Manybirdwatchersloggedontothewebsitefordetails.D.BirdwatchersshowedtheirdeterminationtoprotecttherarebirD.75.WhichofthefollowingCANNOTbetrueaccordingtothepassage?A.Televisionwildlifeprogrammesstartedthepopularpastimeofbirdwatching.B.Thenetworkservicehascontributedtotherapiddevelopmentofbirdwatching.C.BirdwatchinginBritainwaslongconsideredasportwithasmallgroupoffollowers.D.Thecurrentsituationofbirdwatchingmaypromotetheprotectionoftheenvironment.76.Thepassagemainlytellsusabout____inUK.A.thehistoryofbirdwatchingB.agrowingpassionforbirdwatchingC.theimpactofmediaonbirdwatchingD.birdwatchingasapopularexpensivesport
Doyouliketoturnoffthelightsandheaterswhenyougooutofaroom?In2040itwillnotmatter.Theywillturnthemselvesoffandonagainwhenyoureturn.Youwillchoosethetemperatureforeachroomthelightingandhumidity湿度.A.sensor传感器willfindthepresenceofahumanandturnthesystemsonandwhenthehumansleaveitwillturnthemoffagain.Thesensorswillworkthroughthecentralhomecomputerandtheywilldomuchmorethanjustturnthefiresandlightsonandoffforyou.Theywillfindfaultyelectricalappliances电器plugsorswishesseparatethemsothattheycannotharmanyoneandthenwarnyouthattheyneedrepair.Theywilldetectafiredisasterandifyouareoutofthehousethecomputerwillcallthefirefighters.ItwillnotbetoodifficultbecausethelocksontheoutsidedoorswillbeelectroniC.Youwillopenthemusingyourpersonalcard—theoneyouuseforshopping—maybeusinganumberonlyknowntoyou.Itwillbeimpossibletolosethekey.andahousebreaker盗贼willhavetotamper拨弄withthelockorwiththewindow.Thecomputerwillbemorethanafireman-policemanservantItwillbeanentertainerandmostofyourentertainment娱乐willcomerightintoyourhousE.Itdoesnowofcoursebutby2040entertainmentwillmeanmuchmorE.Foronethingyouwillbeabletotakepartactivelyratherthanjustwatching.64.WhichofthefollowingisTRUE?A.Wewillusemuchmorelightsandheatersin2040B.Wewilllivewithoutthelightsandheatersin2040C.Lightsandheaterswillbeonandoffbythemselvesin2040D.Therewillbenoswitchesoflightsandheatersin204065.Wecanknowthatin2040newtechnology_.A.willfreeusfromthekeysweusetodayB.willmakethelocksoutofdateC.willturneverythingintosensorsD.willmakeallhousebreakersout66.Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthatpeoplein2040A.willbecontrolledbythecomputersB.willreplaceTVsetswithcomputersC.willhavenoentertainmentoutsideD.willhavemorefunathome67.Whichofthefollowingcanbethetitleofthepassage?A.LifeatHomeintheYear2040B.SensorsandComputersC.LightsandHeatersintheYear2040D.TheDevelopmentofScienceandTechnology
Owls猫头鹰aremysteriouscreatures.Weoftenthinkofthemasscary.Theysometimesliveinabandonedhouses.Theyflywithoutasoundthroughbackyardsatnight.Instoriestheyappearwithghosts.Whenwehearanowl'sfamiliarwhooo...whooo...itcanmakeusfeelveryfrighteneD.Owlsflysilentlywithoutevenawhisperofwingsmovingthroughtheair.It'sasthoughtheyappearoutofnowhere—likeghostsonwings.Owlsflyandhuntonthedarkestofnights.Anowl'snighthabitsmakeituniquE.Dothesecreaturesofthenightpossessstrangepowers?Owlspossessunusualpowersofsightandhearingbuttheyarenotsupernaturalpowers.Theyarenaturaladaptationsthatletthemlivemostefficiently高效地atnight.Thereisnoreasontofearowls.Theirhabitsmakethemhelpfultohumans.Byhuntingmiceandotherrodents啮齿目动物owlshelptokeepanaturalbalancebetweenplantandanimallifE.Withoutowlstherewouldbealargenumberofrodentsinfarmers'fieldsandstoragebarns.Morethan100speciesofowlsoccupyavarietyofhabitatsaroundtheworlD.A.fewoceanicislandsandtheAntarctichavenoowls.Theworld'sowlscomeinlargemediumsmallsmallerandsmallest.ForexampletheEurasianeagleowl—oneofthelargest—hasabodythatistwotothreefeetlongwithawingspan翼展ofuptofiveandonehalffeet.TheNorthAmericanelfowltheworld'ssmallestowlisfivetosixincheslongandhasawingspanthatmeasuresslightlymorethanonefoot.Mostmaleandfemaleowlsofthesamespecieslookalikealthoughfemalesareusuallylarger.Insomespeciesthefemale'scolorsarelikethoseofthetreesorgrasswhereshemakeshernest.BabyowlscalledchicksstaywiththeirparentsuntiltheyareaboutthreemonthsolD.Theysoonfindtheirownhuntingareaswheretheymaystayfortherestoftheirlives.Someowlscanlive20yearsormorE.32.Mostpeopleregardowlsas________.A.cleverB.hardworkingC.terrifyingD.shy33.Owlshelphumansinthatthey________.A.helppreservethebalanceofnatureB.frightenrodentsawayfromhumansC.haveunusualpowersD.helpguardbackyards34.Whatisspecialaboutowls?A.Theyflysilently.B.Theyarenighthunters.C.Theypossesssupernaturalpowers.D.TheycanbefoundaroundtheworlD.35.Thethirdparagraphismainlyaboutowls'________.A.habitatsB.sizesC.speciesD.wingspans
RevolutionaryTVEarsTVEarshashelpedthousandsofpeoplewithvariousdegreesofhearinglosshearthetelevisionclearlywithoutturningupthevolume音量andnowit’sbetterandmoreaffordablethanever!WithTVEarswirelesstechnologyyousetyourownheadsetvolumewhileotherTVlistenershearthetelevisionatavolumelevelthat’scomfortableforthem.YoucanevenlistenthroughtheheadsetonlyandputtheTVonmute静音ifthesituationcallsforaquietenvironment—maybethebabyissleeping.OrperhapsyouaretheonlyonewhoisinterestedinlisteningtotheballgamE.TVEarspatentedtechnologyincludesarevolutionarynoisereductioncartipnotusedinanyothercommerciallyavailableheadset.ThistipreducesoutsidenoisesothattelevisiondialogueisclearandunderstandablE.Getthetechnologythathasproventohelpthemostdemandingcustomers.That’swhyTVEarshasearnedthetrustandconfidenceofaudiologists听觉学家nationwideaswellasworld-famousdoctors.DoctorRecommendedTVEars!MywifeandIhaveusedTVEarsalmostdailyforthepasttwoyearsandfindthemagreathelpinourenjoymentoftelevision.AsaretiredeardoctorIheartilyrecommendTVEarstopeoplewithnormalhearingaswellasthosewithhearingloss.—RobertForbesM.DCACustomerRecommendedTVEars!NowmyhusbandcanhavethevolumeasloudasheneedsandIcanhavetheTVatmyhearinglevel.TVEarsissocomfortablethatJackforgetshehasthemon!HecanonceagainhearandunderstandthedialoguE.—Darlene&JackBCARiskFreeTrial!TVEarscomeswitha30-dayriskfreetrial.SpecialOffer—Now＄59.95.Ifyou’renotsatisfiedreturnit.Money-backguarantee!Callnow!800-123-783233.TVEarshelpsyou______.A.improveyoursleepingqualityB.listentoTVwithoutdisturbingothersC.changeTVchannelswithoutdifficultyD.becomeinterestedinballgameprograms34.WhatmakesTVEarsdifferentfromotherheadsets?A.ItcaneasilysetTVonmuteB.ItsheadsetvolumeisadjustableC.IthasanewnoisereductioneartipD.Itappliesspecialwirelesstechnology35.Thisadvertisementismademorebelievableby______.A.usingrecommendationsB.offeringreasonsforthisinventionC.providingstatisticsD.showingtheresultsofexperiments
Wanttohelpfightglobalwarming?TakeoffyourtiesaystheItalianhealthministry.Ithasurgedemployerstolettheirstaffdresscasuallyatworkinthesummersothattheairconditioningcanbeturneddown.Takingyourtieoffimmediatelylowersthebodytemperatureby2or3degreescentigradetheministrysaidinastatement.Allowingamoresensibleuseofairconditioningbringsaboutelectricitysavingsandprotectstheenvironment.ItcalledonallpublicandprivateofficestoletemployeeswearnotieduringheatwavesliketheonethathasbroughtAfrica-liketemperaturestomanypartsofItalythisweek.Themoveechoes回应asimilaractionfromItaly’sbiggestoilgroupENIwhichtolditsstaffearlierthismonththeyneednotwearatieatwork.Thetiemakershoweverwerelefthotunderthecollar.ItalyconfirmsthatitisastrangecountryFlavioCimasaidangrilyinalettertofinancialdailyILSOLE24OREundertheheadline:ItiemakeramresponsibleforglobalwarmingWecannowhappilycontinuewithourlifestyleusingcarsconsumingfuelheatingandcoolingourhomesatleisurE.Ononecondition:weshouldnotwearatiewhilewedosohewrotE.Ishouldhavelistenedtomyfriendsandbecomeanoilproducerinstead.ItalyisoneoftheEuropeanUnion’sworstperformersonthepollutionfrontandisamongtheEUcountriesexpectedtoexceed超出theirgreenhousegasemission排放targets28.What’sthepurposeofthemoveoftakingoffties?A.Todresscasually.B.Tofightglobalwarming.C.TokeepthebodytemperaturE.D.Toimproveworkingconditions.29.Whofirstencouragedemployeestotakeoffties?A.ENI.B.FlavioCimA.C.Afinancialdaily.D.TheItalianhealthministry.30.WhatdoestheunderlinedparthotunderthecollarinParagraph6probablymean?A.Angry.B.Speechless.C.DelighteD.D.PuzzleD.31.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaboutFlavioCima?A.Hestandsbytheoilgroup.B.Heagreeswiththeministry.C.Headmitshisresponsibility.D.Hearguesagainsttakingoffties.
Lastnight’smeteor流星showerleftmanypeopleinthecommunitydissatisfiedanddemandinganswers.AccordingtoGabeRothschildEmeraldValley’smayorpeoplegatheredinthesuburbsofthecitycarryingheavytelescopesexpectingtowatchthebrightlyburningmeteorspassingthroughthesky.Whattheyfoundinsteadwasaskysobrightenedbythecity’slightsthatitdarkenedthelightofthemeteorspassingoverheaD.MyfamilywassofrustratedadmittedtownresidentDuaneCosbyWewantedtomakethisanunforgettablefamilyoutingbutitturnedouttobeahugedisappointment.Astronomers---scientistswhostudystarsandplanets----havebeencomplainingaboutthisproblemfordecades.Theysaythatlightpollutionpreventsthemfromseeingobjectsintheskythattheycouldseequiteeasilyinthepast.Theycallonpeopleandthegovernmenttotakemeasurestofightagainstit.Thereisyetapopulationbesidesprofessionalandamateurstarobserversthatsuffersevenmorefromlightpollution.ThispopulationconsistsofbirdsbatsfrogssnakesetC.Forexampleoutdoorlightingseverelyaffectsmigrating迁徙的birds.AccordingtotheInternationalDark-SkyAssociation100millionbirdsayearthroughoutNorthAmericadieincrasheswithlightedbuildingsandtowers.Countlessmoreanimalscasualties伤亡resultfromtheuseofartificiallighting.Clearlypeopleenjoythebenefitsoflightingtheireveningsbutsomescientiststhinkitcanbeharmfulforhumanstoo.Theyworrythatexposuretolightwhilesleepingcanincreaseperson’schancesofgettingcancer.EmeraldValleyisonlyonecommunitythatisbecomingawareofthenegativeeffectsoflightpollution.ForyearsFlagstaffArizonahasenforcedlightingregulationsinitscityinordertoassistastronomersattheLowellObservatory.Similareffortshavebeenmadeworldwideandamovementisunderwaytoremindustoturnofflightswhenwearenotusingthemsothatothercreaturescansharethenight.8.Ithappenedlastnightthat________.A.thecitylightshowattractedmanypeopleB.themeteorsflewpastbeforebeingnoticedC.thecity’slightsaffectedthemeteorwatchingD.themeteorwatchingendedupasocialouting9.WhatistheauthorconcernedaboutaccordingtoParagraph4?A.Birdsmaytakeothermigrationpaths.B.Animals’survivalisthreatenedbyoutdoorlighting.C.VarietiesofanimalswillbecomesharplyreduceD.D.Animals’livinghabitsmaychangesuddenly.10.LightingregulationsinFlagstaffArizonaareputintoeffectto________.A.lessenthechanceofgettingcancerB.enableallcreaturestoliveinharmonyC.ensurecitizensagoodsleepatnightD.createanidealobservationcondition11.Whatmessagedoestheauthormostwanttogiveus?A.Humanactivitiesshouldbeenvironmentallyfriendly.B.Greateffortsshouldbemadetosaveenergy.C.Savingwildlifeissavingourselves.D.Newequipmentshouldbeintroducedforspacestudy.
AboutfiveyearsagoanAmericanelectricalengineernamedScottBrusawandhiswifeJuliecameupwiththeideaofputtingsolarpanelsonthegroundratherthantheroof.ThentheybegantodeveloptheSolarRoadway.TheSolarRoadwayisanintelligentroadthatprovidescleanrenewableenergyusingpowerfromthesunwhileprovidingsaferdrivingconditionsalongwithpoweranddatadelivery.TheypredictthattheSolarRoadwaywillpayforitselfthroughthegenerationofelectricityalongwithotherformsofincomeandthatthesamemoneythatisbeingusedtobuildandresurfacecurrentroadscanbeusedtobuildtheSolarRoadways.EachSolarRoadPanelmeasuresroughly4metersby4metersandcontainsamicroprocessor微处理器thatmonitorsandcontrolsthepanelwhilecommunicatingwithneighboringpanelsandthevehiclestravelingoverheaD.Theinventorssuggestthatthisprovidesacommunicationsdeviceevery4metersoneveryroadwhichcouldbeusedforexampletowarndriversofcarswhicharemovingacrossacentrelineandvariousotherspeedcontrolproblems.ThetopoftheSolarRoadpanelsismadeofsuper-strongglassthatwouldoffervehiclesthetractions抓地力theyneeD.AccordingtotheinventorstheSolarRoadwaycreatesandcarriescleanrenewableelectricityandthereforeelectricvehiclescanberechargedatanyconvenientlylocatedreststoporatanybusinessthathaspavedSolarRoadPanelsintheirparkinglots.TheinventorssaytheirSolarRoadwayhasmanyfunctionsandadvantagesfrommainroadstodrivewaysparkinglotsbikepathssidewalksandrunways.TheFederalHighwayAdministrationhasgivenBrusaw$100000todeveloptheinventionandBrusawhopestobuildasmart-roadparkinglotinthecomingspring.25.Intheinventors’opiniontheSolarRoadway_____.A.istooexpensivetobuildatpresentB.costsnomoremoneythancurrentroadsC.canprovideasmanydataaspresentcomputersD.willbringthemalargesumofmoney26.Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthat_____.A.theSolarRoadwayhasalreadybeenputintouseB.$100000isonlyenoughtobuildasmart-roadparkinglotC.theSolarRoadwayisnotavailableforgas-poweredcarsD.futureelectricvehiclescanbechargedanytimeandanywhere27.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.Solar-poweredsmartroadofthefutureB.ThegreatchangesontheroadwayC.TheinfluencetheSolarRoadwayhasonpeopleD.TheSolarRoad—amuchfasterroad
Whyshouldmankindexplorespace?Whyshouldmoneytimeandeffortbespentexploringandresearchingsomethingwithsofewapparentbenefits?WhyshouldresourcesbespentonspaceratherthanonconditionsandpeopleonEarth?ThesearequestionsthatunderstandablyareveryoftenaskeD.Perhapsthebestanswerliesinourgeneticmakeup基因构成ashumanbeings.Whatdroveourancestorstomovefromthetreesintotheplainsandonintoallpossibleareasandenvironments?Thewiderthespreadofaspeciesthebetteritschanceofsurvival.PerhapsthebestreasonforexploringspaceisthisgenetictendencytoexpandwhereverpossiblE.Nearlyeverysuccessfulcivilizationhasexploredbecausebydoingsoanydangersinsurroundingareascanbeidentifiedandpreparedfor.Withoutknowledgewemaybecompletelydestroyedbythedanger.Withknowledgewecanlessenitseffects.Explorationalsoallowsmineralsandotherpotential潜在的resourcestobefounD.Evenifwehavenoimmediateneedofthemtheywillperhapsbeusefullater.Resourcesmaybemorethanphysicalpossessions.Knowledgeortechniqueshavebeenacquiredthroughexploration.Thetechniquesmayhavemedicalapplicationswhichcanimprovethelengthorqualityofourlives.Wehavealreadybenefitedfromotherspin-offsincludingimprovementsinearthquakepredictioninsatellitesforweatherforecastingandincommunicationssystems.Evennon-stickpansandmirroredsunglassesareby-products副产品oftechnologicaldevelopmentsinthespaceindustry!Whilemanyresourcesarespentonwhatseemsasmallreturntheexplorationofspaceallowscreativebraveandintelligentmembersofourspeciestofocusonwhatmayservetosaveus.Whilespacemayholdmanywondersandexplanationsofhowtheuniversewasformedorhowitworksitalsoholdsdangers.ThedangerexistsbutknowledgecanhelphumanbeingtosurvivE.Withouttheabilitytoreachoutacrossspacethechancetosaveourselvesmightnotexist.WhileEarthistheonlyplanetknowntosupportlifesurelytheadaptiveabilityofhumanswouldallowustoliveonotherplanets.ItistruethatthelifestylewouldbedifferentbuthumanlifeandcultureshaveadaptedinthepastandsurelycouldinthefuturE.33.WhydoestheauthormentionthequestionsinParagraph1?A.Toexpresshisdoubts.B.Tocomparedifferentideas.C.Tointroducepointsfordiscussion.D.TodescribetheconditionsonEarth.34.WhatisthereasonforexploringspacebasedonParagraph2?A.Humansarenature-borntodoso.B.Humanshavethetendencytofight.C.HumansmayfindnewsourcesoffooD.D.Humansdon’tliketostayinthesameplacE.35.Whatmakesitpossibleforhumanstoliveonotherplanets?A.Ourgeneticmakeup.B.Resourcesontheearth.C.Theadaptiveabilityofhumans.D.By-productsinspaceexploration.
ForaslongastheycanrememberJynneMartinandAprilSurgenthadbothdreamedofgoingtoAntarcticA.ThiswintertheyeachmadeittotheicycontinentasguestsoftheNationalScienceFoundationNSF.Buttheydidn’tgoasscientists.MartinisapoetandSurgentisanartist.TheywenttoAntarcticaasparticipantsintheNSF’sArtistsandWritersprogram.TheNSFisthegovernmentagencythatfundsscientificresearchinAntarcticA.ButitalsomakesitpossibleforartistsincludingfilmmakersandmusicianstoexperienceAntarcticaandcontributetheirownpointsofviewtoourunderstandingofthecontinent.ThemixingofscienceandartinAntarcticaisn’tnew.Someoftheearliestexplorersbroughtalongpaintersandphotographers.EdwardWilsonwasaBritishpainterdoctorandbirdexpertwhojourneyedwithRobertFalconScottontwoseparateAntarcticexpeditionsmorethan100yearsago.HerbertPontingwasaphotographerwhoalsoaccompaniedScottononeofthoseexpeditions.InhundredsofphotosPontingcapturedthebeautyofthecontinentandrecordedthedailylivesandheroicstrugglesoftheexplorers.Today’sscientistswritearticlesforscientificjournals.Unliketheearlyexplorers’journalsscientificpaperscannowbeverydifficultfornon-scientiststounderstanD.WritersinAntarcticaworktoexplaintheresearchtothepubliC.PeterRejcekiseditorwriterandphotographerfortheAntarcticSunanonlinemagazinedevotedtonewsabouttheU.S.AntarcticProgram.RejeckbeganhiscareerintheAntarcticin2003byspendingayearattheSouthPolE.HehasreturnedeveryyearsinceinterviewingscientistsaboutresearchatPalmerMcMurdoandSouthPolestations.TherearealsoscientistsinAntarcticawhoworkhardtoexplaintheirresearchtothepubliC.ScientistDianeMcKnightwroteTheLostSealachildren’sbookthatexplainstheresearchsheandothersaredoinginanunusualice-freeareainAntarcticacalledtheDryValleys.Antarcticaisfullofstoriesandwondersthatarescientifichistoricandpersonal.PeoplesuchasMartinSurgentRejcekandDianeMcKnightaredevotedtobringingthosestoriestoasmanypeopleastheycan.Somepeoplearegoingtobescientistssomepeoplearegoingtobejournalistssomepeoplearegoingtobeartistsbutwecanallworktogether.saysSurgenttocelebratethisextraordinaryplacE.32.WhatdoweknowabouttheNSF?A.Itisagovernmentagency.B.ItonlyfundsscientistsinAntarcticA.C.ItencouragestheunderstandingofhumannaturE.D.ItenablesthemixingofscienceandartforthefirsttimE.33.Whydidn’tsomeearliestexplorersbringwritersalong?A.WriterswerenotfundedatthattimE.B.Writingcan’tcapturethebeautyofthecontinent.C.WriterswerenotinterestedinpopularizingsciencE.D.Earlyexplorers’journalscanbeeasilyunderstoodbythepubliC.34.BymentioningDianeMcKnighttheauthormaytrytosuggestthat_____.A.scientistsshouldexplaintheirresearchtochildrenB.writersarenotnecessarysincescientistscantellstoriesaswellC.tellingstoriestochildrenismoreimportantthanknowingthetruthD.nomatterwhatroleweplaywecanworktogethertoappreciateAntarctica35.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthisarticle?A.Antarctica:A.LandforA11B.TheNSF:A.ProgramforAllC.Antarctica:A.LandofBeautyandStoriesD.TheNSF:A.ProgramforArtistsandScientists
WhileIwillexplainabitaboutthescienceofstressandrelaxationalittlelaterinthechapterasimplewaytothinkaboutitisthatourbody’sstressresponseworkslikeacaralarm.Itisdesignedtokeepussafebywarningusofthepresenceofdangerinourimmediateenvironment.Butinsteadofwarninguswithaloudandannoyingsoundourbodyalarmsystemletsusknowthatsomethingiswrongbycreatingchangesinourneurochemistry神经化学.Ifyou’veeverexperiencedpaininyourstomachperiodsofextremeangerinabilitytofocusoreveninsomnia失眠chancesareyourbodywaspayingthepriceinthosemomentsforthebrainchemistryofstress.Soifit’ssouncomfortablewhynotjustgetridofstressaltogether?Thisisnotonlyimpracticalitwouldbedangerous.Let’sgobacktothemetaphor比喻说法ofthecaralarm.IfthealarmisturnedoffaltogetherthecarisexposedtocontinualdangerwithouttherebeinganywayofyourknowingaboutituntilitistoolatE.Itwouldbelikewalkingthroughthejunglewithoutanyfearsignalinthepresenceofapoisonoussnakeorotherdangerousanimals—whileitmightfeelnicetobesorelaxedyourbodyactuallyneedsthestressresponsenotonlytoremindyouofdangerbutalsotoofferextraadrenaline肾上腺素foryourheartandextrabloodandoxygenforyourarmsandlegs.Howeverifthecaralarmgoesoffatanytimesomeonejustlooksatthecarwithabitofanatti-tudeanditbecomesequallyuseless.Notonlydowestoppayingattentiontoitbutitbeginstodriveusandeveryonearoundusbecomesalittlebitcrazy.Inthecaseofourbodieswalkingaroundinaconstantstateofalarmalsohassomeprettyalarminghealthconsequenceswhichwewillexploreingreaterdepthinthenextchapter.25.Ourbody'sstressresponseiscomparedtoacaralarminthat_.A.theyworkallthetimeB.theybothgiveasignalC.theyworkinthesamewayD.theybothproduceasound26.Whenourbodyalarmsystemworks_.A.wefeelcalmB.wefeelexcitedC.somechangeshappeninourbrainD.somechangeshappeninourheart27.Whatwouldhappenifstressweregotridofcompletely?A.We'11befreeofworries.B.We'11achieveasenseofsafety.C.We'11reachaperfectstateofminD.D.We'11failtorealizethepossibledanger.28.What’sthepurposeofgivingtheexampleofwalkingthroughtheJungleinParagraph4?A.Toshowtheharmofstress.B.Toshowtheeffectofstress.C.ToexplainthefunctionofstressresponsE.D.ToexplainthenecessityofstressresponsE.
Whichissillier:denyingweeverwenttothemoonortryingtoconvincethetruenonbelievers?Onceuponatime–July201969tobespecific–twomengotoutoftheirlittlespaceshipandwanderedaroundonthemoonforawhilE.Tenmoremenwalkedonthemoonoverthenextthreeandahalfyears.TheenD.UnfortunatelynotquitE.A.fairnumberofAmericansthinkthatthiswholebusinessofmoonlandingsreallyisafairytalE.Theybelievethatthelandingswereabighoax骗局stagedintheMojaveDeserttoconvinceeveryonethatU.S.technologywasthebestestinthewholewideworlD.Whichistheharderthingtodo:Sendmentothemoonormakebelievewedid?ThefactisthephysicsbehindsendingpeopletothemoonissimplE.Youcandoitwithcomputerswhoseentirememorycapacitiescannowfitonchipsthesizeofpostagestampsandthatcostaboutasmuchaswellapostagestamp.Iknowyoucanbecausewedid.HoweverlastfallNASAconsideredspending$15000onapublic-relationscampaigntoconvincetheunimpressedthatAmericanshadinfactgonetothemoon.ThatideawasmostlyareactiontoaFoxtelevisionprogramfirstairedinFebruary2001thatclaimedtoexposethehoax.Theshow’screatorisapublicityhound猎狗whohasliveduptothenameinmorewaysthanonebyhoundingBuzzAldrinthesecondmanonthemoon.Mr.XasIwillcallhimtherebydenyinghimthejoyoussightofhisnameinprintrecentlyfollowedBuzzAldrinaroundandcalledhimathiefliarandcowarduntilthe72-year-oldastronautfinallylostitandhitthe37-year-oldMr.XinthefacE.AnywayNASA’spublicitycampaignbegantoslowdown.ThenonbelieverstookthecampaignasNASA’sefforttohidesomethingwhilethebelieverssaidthat$15000toconvincepeoplethattheworldwasround—Imeanthatwehadgonetothemoon—wassimplyawasteofmoney.Actuallythe$15000wassupposedtopayforanarticlebyJamesE.OberganastronomywriterwhowithAldrinhascontributedtoScientificAmerican.IfNASA’snotpayingObergperhapsitcouldputthemoneytogoodusebyhiringtwobigguystodragNeilArmstrongoutofthehousE.ArmstrongisanextremelyprivatemanbutheisalsothefirstmanonthemoonsomaybehehasadutytobeabitmoreoutspokenabouttheexperiencE.OrNASAcouldjustbuyAldrinacommemorateplaque纪念匾forhisrecenttouchonthefaceofMr.X.55.WecanlearnfromParagraphs2and3thatsomeAmericansbelieve_______.A.moonlandingswereinventedB.U.S.technologywasthebestC.moonlandingendedsuccessfullyD.theMojaveDesertwasthelaunchingbase56.Accordingtothewriterwhichofthefollowingistoblameforthestoryaboutthehoax?A.NASA’spublicitycampaign.B.TheFoxtelevisionprogram.C.BuzzAldrin.D.JamesE.Oberg.57.AccordingtothewriterMr.X_______.A.toldafaithfulstoryB.wasnottreatedproperlyC.wasatalentedcreatorD.hadabadreputation58.ThebelieversthinkthatNASA’spublicitycampaignis________.A.prooftohidethetruthB.stupidandunnecessaryC.neededtoconvincethenon-believersD.importanttodevelopspacetechnology59.Whatisimpliedinthelastparagraph?A.NASAshouldnotbotherwiththenon-believers.B.Armstrongwasaveryprivateanddeterminedperson.C.ArmstrongshouldbeasoutspokenasBuzzAldrin.D.NASAshouldsendmoreastronautstoouterspacE.60.Thetoneofthearticleis_______.A.angryB.conversationalC.humorousD.matter-of-fact
Plantsareveryimportantlivingthings.Lifecouldnotgooniftherewerenoplants.Thisisbecauseplantscanmakefoodfromairwaterandsunlight.Animalsandmancannotmakefoodfromthem.Animalsgettheirfoodbyeatingplantsandotheranimals.ThereforeanimalsandmanneedplantsinorderlivE.Thisiswhywefindthattherearesomanyplantsaroundus.Ifyoulookcarefullyattheplantsaroundyouyouwillfindthattherearetwokindsofplantsfloweringplantsandnon-floweringplants.Floweringplantscanmakeseeds.Theseedsareprotectedbythefruits.Somefruitshaveoneseedsomehavetwothreeorfourandsomehavemanyseeds.Butafewfruitshavenoseedsatall.Anexampleofafruitwithoutseedsisthebananafruit.Mostnon-floweringplantsdonotgrowfromseeds.Theygrowfromspores胚芽.Sporesareverysmall.Somesporesaresosmallandlightthattheycanfloatintheair.Wemaysaythatsporesarequitethesameasseeds.Whenthesesporesareallonwetandshadyplacestheyusuallygrowintonewplants.21.Themainideaofthefirstparagraphisthat______.A.plantsareimportantforlifeB.plantscannotgrowwithoutairC.therearemanyplantsintheworldD.wecannotlivewithoutwater22.Plantscanmakefoodfrom______.A.flowerwaterandairB.watersunlightandairC.airwaterandsoilD.airsunandlight23.Whatcanweinfer推断fromthepassage?A.OfalllivingthingsanimalsaremostimportantB.SporesareseedsC.AllfruitsoffloweringplantshaveseedsD.Withoutplantsmanwoulddieout24.Thispassagemaybetakenfrom______.A.amedicinebookB.anovelC.asciencemagazineD.anexperimentreport25.Theunderlinedwordprotectedcanbereplacedby______.A.damagedB.pollutedC.destroyedD.guarded
NaturerespondstoclimatechangE.Tounderstanditweneedtomonitorkeylifecycleevents—floweringtheappearanceofleavesthefirstfrogcallsofthespring—allaroundtheworlD.Butscientistscan’tbeeverywheresothey’returningtononscientistssometimescalledcitizenscientistsforhelp.AgroupofscientistsandeducatorssetupanorganizationlastyearcalledtheNationalPhenologyNetwork.PhenologyiswhatscientistscallthestudyofthetimingofeventsinnaturE.Oneofthegroup’sfirsteffortsdependsonscientistsandnonscientistsaliketocollectdataaboutplantfloweringandleafingeveryyear.TheprogramcalledProjectBudBurstcollectslifecycledataondifferentkindsofusualplantsfromacrosstheUnitedStates.Peopledon’thavetobeplantexperts—theyjusthavetolookaroundandseewhat’sintheirneighborhoodsaysJenniferSchwartzanadviserwiththeproject.Aswecollectthisdatawe’llbeabletopredicthowplantsandcommunitiesofplantsandanimalswillrespondastheclimatechanges.ThatdatawillhelpscientistspredictnotonlyhownaturalcommunitiesmaychangebutalsohowthesechangeswillaffectpeoplE.ScientistsmonitoringlilacfloweringintheWesternUnitedStatesreportedthatinyearswhenlilacsbloomedearly—beforeMay20th—wildfireslaterinthesummerandfallarelargerandmoreseverE.LilacbloomingcouldserveasanalarmbellJennifersays.ImprovedmonitoringisanimportantsteptowardpredictinghownaturalcommunitieswillrespondtoclimatechangE.Thebestwayforustoincreaseourknowledgeofhowplantsandanimalsarerespondingtoclimatechangeistoincreasetheamountofdatawehaveshesays.That’swhyweneedcitizenscientiststogetasmuchinformationasmanyplacesonasmanyspeciesoveraslongatimeperiodaswecan.1.TheNationalPhenologyNetworkissetupto________.A.researchhownaturemakesresponsetoclimatechangeB.keeparecordofwhatishappeninginnatureC.makeastudyofthefirstfrogcallsofthespringD.judgewhatplantswilldieoutinthefuture2.ThetaskofProjectBudBurstisto________.A.growmoreplantstoimprovetheclimateB.collectinformationaboutusualplantsC.makecitizenstelldifferentplantsD.findouthowmanykindsofplantsthereareinAmerica3.BysayingLilacbloomingcouldserveasanalarmbellinParagraph6Jennifermeant________.A.lilacflowerscouldmakepeoplefeelanxiousorafraidB.lilacscouldwarnpeopleofthedangerofwildlifeC.thebloomingoflilacscouldpredictthehappeningofwildfiresD.theflowersoflilacscouldbeusedtowakepeopleup4.Thispassageismainlyabout________.A.whyweneedtocollectdataaboutnatureB.whenanalarmbellsoundsfornatureC.whatcitizenscientistsareinAmericaD.hownaturerespondstoclimatechange
Noonewouldmuchliketheideaofeating61poundsoftomatoesaday.Butiftheirgoodnesswasputintoaneasy-to-swallowpillthatyouweretoldmightpreventstrokes中风andheartattacksyouwouldprobablybeputtinginanordertomorrow.Researchersbelievetheymayhavecomeupwithjustthataftertrials.Thedailypillcontainsachemicalcalledlycopenewhichmakestomatoesredandisknowntobreakdownfatinthevessels血管.A.CambridgeUniversitystudyfoundtakingthepillsimprovedbloodflowandtheliningofvesselsinpatientswithpre-existingheartconditions.Italsoincreasedtheflexibility灵活性oftheirvesselsby50percent.Thescientistsbelieveitcouldlimitthedamagecausedbyheartdisease-responsiblefor180000deathsayear-andhelpcutthe49000deathsayearfromstrokes.Theyalsohopeitcouldbenefitthosewitharthritis关节炎diabetes糖尿病andevenslowtheprogressofcancer.Eachpillisequaltoeatingaround61poundsofripetomatoes.StudieshaveshowneatingaMediterranean-styledietrichintomatoesfishvegetablesnutsandoliveoilcansignificantlyreducecholesterol胆固醇andhelppreventcardiovasculardiseasE.Preliminaryresultsfromatwo-monthtrialinwhichthepillwasgivento36heartdiseasepatientsand36healthyvolunteerswithanaverageageof67werepresentedatameetingoftheAmericanHeartAssociation.Itwasshowntoimprovethefunctionoftheendothelium-thelayerofcellsliningbloodvessels.ItalsoimprovedtheirsensitivitytonitricoxidethegaswhichcausestheenlargementofthevesselsinresponsetoexercisE.IanWilkinsonheadofCambridgeUniversity’sclinicaltrialsunitsaidTheseresultsarepotentiallyverysignificantanditmeetsthegoalbutweneedmoretrialstoseeiftheytranslateintofewerheartattacksandstrokes.Furtherstudiesareplannedwithresearchershopingitcouldofferachoiceforheartdiseasesuffererswhocannottakethecholesterol-lowingdrugs.MikeKnaptonheadoftheBritishHeartFoundationsaidAlthoughthisshowedlycopeneimprovedbloodflowinpeoplewithheartdiseasethat’salongwayfromdemonstratingthattakingitcouldimproveoutcomesforpeoplewithheartdiseasE.Thebestwaytogetthebenefitsofagooddietistoeatplentyoffreshfruitandvegetables.28.WhatcanweinferfromParagraph1?A.WecaneattoomuchtomatofooD.B.Tomatoesarehelpfultostrokesandheartattacks.C.Tomatoeswilllosehealthyelementswereputintopills.D.Wehadbetternoteattomatoes.29.Wecanlearnfromthepassagethatthepills____.A.areattheexperimentstageB.cancureallthediseaseC.arewidelyusedamongpatientsD.costpatientssolittlemoney30.Whowerethevolunteersbytakingpartinthetrial?A.Children.B.Youth.C.WorkingpeoplE.D.oldhealthypeoplE.31.WhatWasIanWilkinson’sopiniononthetrial?A.Disappointing.B.Surprising.C.Satisfactory.D.TerriblE.
Weknowthefamousones-theThomasEdisonsandtheAlexanderGrahamBells-butwhataboutthelessfamousinventors?Whataboutthepeoplewhoinventedthetrafficlightandthewindshieldwiper雨刮器?Shouldn'tweknowwhotheyare?JoanMcleanthinksso.InfactMcleanaprofessorofphysicsatMountainUniversityinRangefeelssostronglyaboutthismatterthatshe'sdevelopedacourseonthetopiC.InadditiontolearningwhoinventedwhathoweverMcleanalsolikesherstudentstolearntheanswerstothewhyandhowquestions.AccordingtoMcleanWhenstudentslearntheanswerstothesequestionstheyarebetterpreparedtorecognizeopportunitiesforinventingandmoremotivatedtogiveinventingatry.HerstudentsagreE.OneyoungmanwithapatentforanunbreakableumbrellaiswalkingproofofMcLean'sstatement.IfIhadnotheardthestoryofthewindshieldwiper'sinventionsaidTommyLeeaseniorphysicsmajor.IneverwouldhavedreamedoftumingmybadexperienceduringarainstormintosomethingsoconstructivE.Leeiscurrentlynegotiatingtosellhispatenttoanumbrellaproducer.Sojustwhatisthestorybehindthewindshieldwiper?WellMaryAndersoncameupwiththeideain1902afteravisittoNewYorkCity.ThedaywascoldandstormybutAndersonstillwantedtoseethesightssoshejumpedaboardastreetcar.Noticingthatthedriverwasstrugglingtoseethroughthesnowbcoveringthewindshieldshefoundherselfwonderingwhytherecouldn'tbeabuilt-indeviceforcleaningthewindow.StillwonderingaboutthiswhenshereturnedhometoBirminghamAlabamaAndersonstarteddraftingoutsolutions.Oneofherideasalever操作杆ontheinsideofavehiclethatwouldcontrolanarmontheoutsidebecamethefirstwindshieldwiper.Todaywebenefitfromcountlessinventionsandinnovations.It'shardtoimaginedrivingwithoutGarrettA.Morgan'strafficlight.It'sequallyimpossibletopictureaworldwithoutKatherineJ.Blodgett'sinnovationthatmakesglassinvisiblE.Canyoupicturelifewithoutclearwindowsandeyeglasses?32.Bymentioningtrafficlightandwindshieldwipertheauthorindicatesthatcountlessinventionsare_______.A.beneficialbecausetheirinventorsarefamousB.beneficialthoughtheirinventorsarelessfamousC.notusefulbecausetheirinventorsarelessfamousD.notusefulthoughtheirinventorsarefamous33.ProfessorJoanMcLean'scourseaimsto_____.A.addcolorandvarietytostudents'campuslifeB.informstudentsofthewindshieldwiper'sinventionC.carryouttherequirementsbyMountainUniversityD.preparestudentstotrytheirowninvention34.TommyLee'sinventionoftheunbreakableumbrellawas_A.noteventuallyacceptedbytheumbrellaproducerB.inspiredbythestorybehindthewindshieldwiperC.duetohisdreamofbeingcaughtinarainstormD.notrelatedtoProfessorJoanMcLean'slectures35.Whichofthefollowingcanbestserveasthetitleofthispassage?A.HowtoHelpStudentstoSellTheirInventionstoProducers?B.HowtoDesignaBuilt-inDeviceforCleaningtheWindow?C.Shouldn'tWeKnowWhoInventedtheWindshieldWiper?D.Shouldn'tWeDevelopInventionCoursesinUniversities?
TheSwissarmyknifeisapopulardevicethatisrecognizedallovertheworlD.InSwitzerlandthereisasayingthateverygoodSwisscitizenhasoneinhisorherpocket.Buttheknifehadpoorbeginnings.InthelatenineteenthcenturytheSwissarmyissued发给itssoldiersagunthatrequiredaspecialscrewdriver螺丝刀totakeitapartandcleanit.Atthesametimecannedfoodwasbecomingcommoninthearmy.Swissgeneralsdecidedtoissueeachsoldierastandardknifetoservebothasascrewdriverandacanopener.ItwasalifesaverforSwissknifemakerswhowerestrugglingtoaskforcheaperGermanimports.In1884CarlElsenerheadoftheSwissknifemanufacturermakerVictorinoxseizedthatopportunitywithbothhandsanddesignedasoldier’sknifethatthearmyloved.Itwasasimpleknifewithonebigblade刀片acanopenerandascrewdriver.Afewyearsafterthesoldier’sknifewasissuedtheSchweizerOffizerMesserorSwissOfficer’sKnifecameonthemarketInterestinglytheOfficer’sKnifewasnevergiventothoseservinginthearmy.TheSwissarmypurchasersconsideredthenewmodelwithacorkscrew瓶塞钻foropeningwinenotessentialforsurvivalsoofficershadtobuythisnewmodelbythemselves.Butitsspecialmulti-functionaldesignlaterlaunched发行theknifeasaglobalbranD.AftertheSecondWorldWaragreatnumberofAmericansoldierswerestationedinEuropE.AndastheycouldbuytheSwissarmyknifeatshopsonarmybasestheyboughthugequantitiesofthem.HoweveritseemsthatSchweizerOffizerMesserwastoodifficultforthemtosaysotheyjustcalledittheSwissarmyknifeandthatisthenameitisnowknownbyallovertheworlD.49.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?A.ToemphasizetheimportanceoftheSwissarmyknifE.B.TointroducethefunctionsoftheSwissarmyknifE.C.ToexplaintheoriginofSwissarmyknifE.D.TotellastoryaboutthedesigneroftheSwissarmyknifE.50.WhatdoesItinthethirdparagraphreferto?A.CannedfoodwasbecomingpopularinSwissarmy.B.EverygoodSwisscitizenhadaknifeinhispocket.C.TheSwissarmyneededaknifeforeverysoldier.D.Swisskniveswerecompetingwithimportedknives.51.Whydidn’ttheSwissarmypurchasetheSwissOfficer’sKnife?A.Thenewdesignwasnotconsiderednecessaryforofficerstoown.B.ThearmyhadnobudgetothepurchasE.C.TheknifewassoldouttoAmericansoldiers.D.ThedesignoftheknifewastoosimplE.52.WhogavethenametheSwissarmyknifetotheknifediscussedinthepassage?A.SwissgeneralsB.CarlElsenerC.GermanbusinessmanD.Americansoldiers.
Giantpandaseatvegetableseventhoughtheirbodiesarebettertoeatmeat.Sohowdotheseblack-and-whitebearsfromtheremotemountainsofcentralChinasurviveonadietofseeminglylow-nutrient低营养foodlikebamboo?Scientistsprovidedananswerrecently.Theyfoundthatthegiantpandastrictlycontrolstheamountofenergyitneedsonadailybasisthankstolowlevelsofphysicalactivity.Theendangeredpandaistheonlyoneoftheworld’seightbearspecieswithavegetarian素食的diet.Pandaswhoseancestorswerecarnivores食肉动物developedadigestive消化的systemthatcanhandleameatdieteventhoughbamboonowmakesupabout99﹪oftheirfooD.BambooishardtodigestandpandasmusteatlotsofittosurvivE.TheresearchersstudiedthreewildpandasatFopingNatureReserveinShaanxiProvinceandfivepandasatBejingZoo.Theyfoundthatthedailyenergythatthesebearsusedwasonlyabout38﹪oftheenergyusedbyothersimilar-sizedanimals.Giantpandasdevelopedlowmetabolism新陈代谢throughaseriesofchangessaidbiologistWeiFuwenoftheChineseAcademyofSciences’InstituteofZoologyinBejingwholedthestudypublishedinthejournalScience.Theresearcherssaidthesizeofthepanda’sbrainliverandkindeyisrelativelysmallcomparedtootherbears.ThesereducedorgansizesarelikelytoresultintheirlowenergydemandsWeisaiD.Theresearchersfoundthatthewildpandasrestedformorethanhalfofanygivendayandtraveledonlyabout20metersperhour.Withtheirlowmetabolismtheresearcherssaidthepandaneedsitscoatofthickfurtokeepwarm.Thereareonlyabout1800giantpandasleftinthewildaccordingtotheWorldWildlifeFundcitingChinesegovernmentdatas.32.Apanda’sbodyismoresuitableforeating_______.A.vegetableB.bambooC.grassD.meat33.Becausethey_______pandascansavelotsofenergy.A.digestquicklyB.arefatC.arelazyD.eathealthily34.AccordingtothestudyledbyWeiFuwenpandas_____intheirdailylifE.A.loveeatingbambooB.dolessexerciseC.arecarnivoresD.eatmeatsometimes35.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.HowpandassurviveB.Whypandasdon’teatmeat.C.WhypandasareendangeredD.Whatpandaseat.
ThetermsmogwasfirstusedinLondonduringtheearly1900'stodescribethecombinationofsmokeandfog.Whatwetypicallycallsmogtodayisamixtureofpollutantsbutisprimarilymadeupofground-levelozone臭氧.Ozonecanbebeneficialorharmfuldependingonwhereitstays.TheozonestayinghighabovetheEarthprotectshumanhealthandtheenvironmentbutground-levelozoneisresponsibleforthechokingcoughingandpainfuleyesassociatedwithsmog.Theozoneinsmogalsopreventsplantsgrowthandcancausewidespreaddamagetocropsandforest.Majorsmogoccurrencesoftenarelinkedtoheavymotorvehicletraffichightemperaturessunshineandcalmwinds.Weatherandgeographyaffectthepositionandseverityofsmog.Becausetemperatureregulatesthelengthoftimeittakesforsmogtoformsmogcanformfasterandbemoresevereonahotandsunnyday.Whenwarmairstaysnearthegroundinsteadofrisingandwindsarecalmsmogmaystaytrappedoveryourcityfordays.AstrafficandothersourcesaddmorepollutantstotheairthesmoggetsworsE.SmogisoftenmoresevereawayfromthepollutionsourcesbecausethechemicalreactionsthatcausesmogoccurintheatmospherewhilethereactingchemicalsarebeingmovedbythewinD.Smogisavisibleexampleofairpollution.Youcanlookintothedistanceduringthedaytoseehowmuchsmogthereisintheair.InadditionmostcitiesmeasuretheconcentrationsofpollutantsintheairandreporttheresultstothepubliC.EnvironmentalProtectionAgencysetsnationalstandardsforpollutants.Areasthatfailtomeetthestandardsforatleastoneairpollutantarecallednonattainment不达标areas.Newmeasuresarebeingtakenbylocalgovernmentsacrossthecountrytoreduceairpollutioninnonattainmentareas.Theseinclude:banningcharcoalbarbecuesandwoodburninginstovesorfireplaceswhenpollutionlevelsarehigh;developingprogramstoencouragecarpoolingandvoluntaryozoneactions;limitingtrafficinovercrowdedareas;expandingorimprovingpublictransportationsystems;requiringemployerstocontributetoemployeepublictransportationcosts;assessingsmogfeesoncarsaccordingtothenumberofmilesdrivenandvehicleemissions排放produced;andevenbuyingandbreakingupoldersuper-dirtycars.78.Accordingtothepassageground-levelozonecan___________________________.79.When____________________________________________smogismoresevereawayfromthepollutionsourcE.80.Howcanwetellthathowpoortheairis?_________________________________________________________81.Whatdoesthegovernmentdotohaveairpollutionundercontrol?_____________________________________________________________
HowtheGrandCanyon大峡谷wascreatedremainsoneofthegeology’sgreatestmysteries.SomeevidencesuggeststhattheprocesswasagradualoneinwhichtheColoradoRiverwhichrunsthroughthecanyonslowlycutdeeperanddeeperintothegroundovermillionsofyears.Butvolcanicrocksamplestakenfromthecanyonnowsuggestthatthecanyonwasdown-cutinsteaD.Down-cuttingiswhenafloodofwaterrushesoveralandscape地形withenoughforcetocutdeeplyintothegroundandleavesbehindacanyon.Suchafloodisusuallyreleasedwhenanaturalorman-madedam堤坝bursts.RobertWebbaresearchgeologistsaysnaturaldamsseemtohaveformedandbrokenacrosstheColoradoRiverseveraltimesduringthelastmillionyears.Thedamswerebuiltwhenlava熔岩fromtheeruptionsofnearbyvolcanoesflowedintotheriver.ThelavahardenedintohardrocksandblockedtherivercausingittobackupandformalakE.Eachtimethelakegrewsohugethatitbroketherockdamreleasingaflashfloodthatfurtheredthedown-cuttingprocessanddeepenedthecanyon.Down-cuttingisnotjustanearthlyevent.SatellitephotossentbackfromMarssuggestthattheprocesshashappenedtheretoosaymanyotherresearchers.ThephotostakenbytheMarsGlobalSurveyorindicatethatanenormouslakeexistedonMars3.5billionyearsago.ThelakespilledintoalargenearbyholE.Oneedgeoftheholebrokereleasingaflashfloodthatquicklycarvedoutagrandcanyon.Theexistenceofdown-cuttingonMarsisjustonemorepieceofevidencethatthecolddryplanetwasoncewarmandwet.44.Inthepastdeepcanyonswerebelievedtohaveformed_______.A.asaresultofasuddenbreakofvolcanoesB.duetoriverflowsovermillionsofyearsC.owingtotheburstofartificialdamsD.thankstoourancestors’creativework45.AccordingtothepassagewhichofthefollowingstatementsisTURE?A.SeveralvolcanoesbrokeoutonMarsdirectlycreatinggrandcanyons.B.SeveralgreatlakesexistedontheupperpartsoftheColoradoRiver.C.PeoplebuilthighdamsontheupperpartsoftheColoradoRiver.D.TheColoradoRivercrossedtheGrandCanyontoformdown-cutting.46.Fromthelastthreeparagraphswelearnthat_______.A.therearegreatlakesonMarsB.thereareactivevolcanoesonMarsC.theremightbecitiesonMarsD.theremightbelifeonMars47.Thepassagecanbetitledas_______.A.LakesonEarthandMarsB.TheCauseofLakeFormationC.TheForceofDamBreakingD.Canyons—ResultsofFloodCutting
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