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Friendship Friends play an important part in our lives, and although we may take the fact of friend...
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InFranceasinmanyEuropeancountriesfriendsgeneral
Everyoneneedsfriends.AstheoldsayinggoesNomanisanis
Boysneedfriendssufferwhentheydon'tbelievetheyhavea
阅读表达FriendshipDayiscelebratedallovertheworlD.Thebe
InFranceasinmanyEuropeancountriesfriendsgeneral
FindandkeepyourfriendshipEveryoneofusrichorpoorsho
Friendshipisakindofhumanrelationship.Itisahumanins
InFranceasinmanyEuropeancountriesfriendsgeneral
InFranceasinmanyEuropeancountriesfriendsgeneral
阅读短文捕捉信息根据短文内容完成后文句子FriendshipDayisaperfectchancet
Boysneedfriendssufferwhentheydon'tbelievetheyhavea
TonyFriendshipgivesusafeelingofsecurityand61warman
Everyoneneedsfriends.AstheoldsayinggoesNomanisanis
Ofallthethingsthatwillmakelifeentirelyhappythegrea
InFranceasinmanyEuropeancountriesfriendsgeneral
InFranceasinmanyEuropeancountriesfriendsgeneral
阅读与回答问题Doyouhavefriends?YesofcoursE.Theneedofafrie
InFranceasinmanyEuropeancountriesfriendsgeneral
Manypeopleturntodoctorsorself-helpbooksbuttheyigno
Themomenttheymettheyknewthat_______.
they would have friendliness
they would be friends
friendship they would have
friendship would happen
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WaterResource Humanityusesalittlelessthanhalfthewateravailableworldwide.Yetoccurrencesofshortagesanddroughts干旱arecausingfamineanddistressinsomeareasandindustrialandagriculturalby-productsarepollutingwatersupplies.Sincetheworldspopulationisexpectedtodoubleinthenext50yearsmanyexpertsthinkweareontheedgeofawidespreadwatercrisis. Butthatdoesn’thavetobetheoutcome.Watershortagesdonothavetotroubletheworld—ifwestartvaluingwatermorethanwehaveinthepast.Justaswebegantoappreciatepetroleummoreafterthe1970soilcrisestodaywemuststartlookingatwaterfromafresheconomicperspective.Wecannolongeraffordtoconsiderwateravirtuallyfreeresourceofwhichwecanuseasmuchaswelikeinanywaywewant. Insteadforallusesexceptthedomesticdemandofthepoorgovernmentsshouldpricewatertoreflectitsactualvalue.Thismeanschargingafeeforthewateritselfaswellasforthesupplycosts. Governmentsshouldalsoprotectthisresourcebyprovidingwaterinmoreeconomicallyandenvironmentallysoundways.Forexampleoftenthecheapestwaytoprovideirrigation灌溉waterinthedrytropicsisthroughsmall-scaleprojectssuchasgatheringrainfallindepressions凹地andpumpingittonearbycropland. Nomatterwhatstepsgovernmentstaketoprovidewatermoreefficientlytheymustchangetheirinstitutionalandlegalapproachestowateruse.Ratherthanspreadcontrolamonghundredsoreventhousandsoflocalregionalandnationalagenciesthatwatchvariousaspectsofwaterusecountriesshouldsetupcentralauthoritiestocoordinatewaterpolicy. Inordertoraisetheefficiencyofthewatersupplymeasuresshouldbetakento.
OneGoodReasontoLetSmallpoxLive It’snowafairbetthatwewillneverseethetotalextinctionofthesmallpoxvirus.Theideawastocapthegloriousachievementof1980whensmallpoxwaseradicatedinthewildbydestroyingthekillervirusinthelasttwolabsthataresupposedtohaveit—oneintheUSandoneinRussia.Ifsmallpoxhadtrulygonefromtheplanetwhatpointwasthereinkeepingthesereserves 51realityofcourseitwasnaiveto52thateveryonewouldlet53ofsuchapotentpotentialweapon.Undoubtedlyseveralnationsstillhave54vials.55thelast"official"stocksoflivevirusbredmistrustoftheUSandRussia56noobviousgain. NowAmericanresearchershave57ananimalmodelofthehumandiseaseopeningthe58fortestsonnewtreatmentsandvaccines.Soonceagainthere’sagoodreasonto59thevirus—justin60thediseaseputsinareappearance. Howdowe61withthemistrustoftheUSandRussia62.Keepthevirus63internationalauspicesinawell-guardedUNlaboratorythat’sopentoallcountries.TheUSwillobjectofcoursejustasitrejectsamultilateralapproachtojustabouteverything.Butitdoesn’t64theideaiswrong.Ifthevirus65usefulthenlet’smakeittheservantofallhumanity—notjustapartofit. 62
{{*HTML*}}TheFirstFourMinutes??Whendopeopledecidewhetherornottheywanttobecomefriends?DuringtheirfirstfourminutestogetheraccordingtoabookbyDr.LeonardZunin.InhisbookContact:TheFirstFourMinutesheoffersthisadvicetoanyoneinterestedinstartingnewfriendships:?46?Alotofpeople’swholeliveswouldchangeiftheydidjustthat.??Youmayhavenoticedthataveragepersondoesnotgivehisundividedattentiontosomeonehehasjustmet.?47?Ifanyonehaseverdonethistoyouyouprobablydidnotlikehimverymuch.??Whenweareintroducedtonewpeopletheauthorsuggestsweshouldtrytoappearfriendlyandself-confident.IngeneralhesaysPeoplelikepeoplewholikethemselves.??Ontheotherhandweshouldnotmaketheotherpersonthinkwearetoosureofourselves.Itisimportanttoappearinterestedandsympatheticrealizingthattheotherpersonhashiswonneedsfearsandhopes.??HearingsuchadviceonemightsayButI’mnotafriendlyself-confidentperson.That’snotmynature.Itwouldbedishonestformetoactthatway.???48?Wecanbecomeaccustomedtoanychangeswechoosetomakeinourpersonality.Itislikegettingusedtoanewcar.Itmaybeunfamiliaratfirstbutitgoesmuchbetterthantheoldone.??Butisn’titdishonesttogivetheappearanceoffriendlyself-confidencewhenwedon’tactuallyfeelthatway?PerhapsbutaccordingtoDr.Zunintotalhonestisnotalwaysgoodforsocialrelationshipsespeciallyduringthefirstfewminutesofcontact.Thereisatimeforeverythingandacertainamountofplay-actingmaybebestforthefirstfewminutesofcontactwithastranger.Thatisnotthetimetocomplainaboutone’shealthortomentionfaultsonefindsinotherpeople.Itisnotthetimetotellthewholetruthaboutone’sopinionsandimpressions.???49?Forahusbandandwifeoraparentandchildproblemsoftenariseduringtheirfirstfourminutestogetheraftertheyhavebeenapart.Dr.Zuninsuggeststhatthesefirstfewminutestogetherbetreatedwithcare.Ifthereareunpleasantmatterstobediscussedtheyshouldbedealtwithlater.???Theauthorsaysthatinterpersonalrelationsshouldbetaughtasarequiredcourseineveryschoolalongwithreadingwritingandmathematics.?50?Thatisatleastasimportantashowmuchweknow.???A.InreplyDr.Zuninwouldclaimthatalittlepracticecanhelpusfeelcomfortableaboutchangingoursocialhabits.???B.Muchofwhathasbeensaidaboutstrangersalsoappliestorelationshipswithfamilymembersandfriends.???C.Inhisopinionsuccessinlifedependsmainlyonhowwegetalongwithotherpeople.???D.Everytimeyoumeetsomeoneinasocialsituationgivehimyourundividedattentionforfourminutes.???E.Hekeepslookingovertheotherperson’sshoulderasifhopingtofindsomeonemoreinterestinginanotherpartoftheroom.???F.Heiseagertomakefriendswitheveryone.
WaterResource Humanityusesalittlelessthanhalfthewateravailableworldwide.Yetoccurrencesofshortagesanddroughts干旱arecausingfamineanddistressinsomeareasandindustrialandagriculturalby-productsarepollutingwatersupplies.Sincetheworldspopulationisexpectedtodoubleinthenext50yearsmanyexpertsthinkweareontheedgeofawidespreadwatercrisis. Butthatdoesn’thavetobetheoutcome.Watershortagesdonothavetotroubletheworld—ifwestartvaluingwatermorethanwehaveinthepast.Justaswebegantoappreciatepetroleummoreafterthe1970soilcrisestodaywemuststartlookingatwaterfromafresheconomicperspective.Wecannolongeraffordtoconsiderwateravirtuallyfreeresourceofwhichwecanuseasmuchaswelikeinanywaywewant. Insteadforallusesexceptthedomesticdemandofthepoorgovernmentsshouldpricewatertoreflectitsactualvalue.Thismeanschargingafeeforthewateritselfaswellasforthesupplycosts. Governmentsshouldalsoprotectthisresourcebyprovidingwaterinmoreeconomicallyandenvironmentallysoundways.Forexampleoftenthecheapestwaytoprovideirrigation灌溉waterinthedrytropicsisthroughsmall-scaleprojectssuchasgatheringrainfallindepressions凹地andpumpingittonearbycropland. Nomatterwhatstepsgovernmentstaketoprovidewatermoreefficientlytheymustchangetheirinstitutionalandlegalapproachestowateruse.Ratherthanspreadcontrolamonghundredsoreventhousandsoflocalregionalandnationalagenciesthatwatchvariousaspectsofwaterusecountriesshouldsetupcentralauthoritiestocoordinatewaterpolicy. Accordingtotheauthorthewaterpriceshould
Itisnousedebatingtherelativemeritsofthispolicy.
NewUSPlanforDiseasePrevention UrgingAmericanstotakeresponsibilityfortheirhealthHealthandHumanServicesSecretaryTommyThompsononTuesdaylauncheda$15millionprogramtotrytoencouragecommunitiestodomoretopreventchronicdiseaseslikeheartdiseasecanceranddiabetes. Theinitiativehighlightsthecostofchronicdiseases—theleadingcausesofdeathintheUnitedStates—andoutlineswaysthatpeoplecanpreventthemincludingbetterdietandincreasedexercise. "IntheUnitedStatestoday7of10deathsandthevastmajorityofseriousillnessdisabilityandhealthcarecostsarecausedbychronicdiseases"theHealthandHumanServicesDepartmentsaidinastatement. Thecausesareoftenbehavioral—smokingpooreatinghabitsandalackofexercise. "Iamconvincedthatpreventingdiseasebypromotingbetterhealthisasmartpolicychoiceforourfuture"Thompsontoldaconferenceheldtolaunchtheinitiative. "Ourcurrenthealthcaresystemisnotstructuredtodealwiththeescalatingcostsoftreatingdiseasesthatarelargelypreventablethroughchangesinourlifestylechoices." Thompsonsaidheartdiseaseandstrokeswillcostthecountrymorethan$351billionin2003. "TheseleadingcausesofdeathformenandwomenarelargelypreventableyetweasanationarenottakingthestepsnecessaryforUStoleadhealthierlongerlives"hesaid. The$15millionisslatedtogotocommunitiestopromotepreventionpushingforchangesassimpleasbuildingsidewalkstoencouragepeopletowalkmore. Dailyexercisesuchaswalkingcanpreventandevenreverseheartdiseaseanddiabetesandpreventcancerandstrokes. Themoneywillalsogotocommunityorganizationsclinicsandnutritionistswhoarebeingencouragedtoworktogethertoeducatepeopleatriskofdiabetesaboutwhattheycandotopreventitandencouragemorecancerscreening. TheAmericanCancerSocietyestimatesthathalfofallcancerscanbecaughtbyscreeningincludingPaptestsforcervicalcancermammogramsforbreastcancercolonoscopiesandprostatechecks. Ifsuchcancerswereallcaughtbyearlyscreeningthegroupestimatesthatthesurvivalrateforcancerwouldriseto95percent. The$15millionprogramisaimedat.
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LifetimeEmploymentinJapaneseCompanies InmostlargeJapanesecompaniesthereisapolicyoflifetimeemployment.Whatthismeansisthatwhenpeopleleaveschooloruniversitytojoinanenterprisetheycanexpecttoremainwiththatorganizationuntiltheyretire.Ineffecttheemployeegetsjobsecurityforlifeandcanonlybefiredforseriousmistakesinwork.Evenintimesofbusinessrecessionheorsheisfreefromthefearofbeinglaidoff. OneresultofthispracticeisthattheJapaneseworkeridentifiescloselywithhiscompanyandfeelsstrongloyaltytoit.Byworkinghardforthecompanyhebelievesheissafeguardinghisownfuture.Itisnotsurprisingthatdevotiontoone’scompanyisconsideredagreatvirtueinJapan.Amanisoftenpreparedtoputhisfirm’sinterestsbeforethoseofhisimmediatefamily. Thejobsecurityguaranteedbythissysteminfluencesthewayemployeesapproachtheirwork.Theytendtothinkintermsofwhattheycanachievethroughouttheircareer.Thisisbecausetheyarenotjudgedonhowtheyareperformingduringashortperiodoftime.TheycanaffordtotakealongerperspectivethantheirWesterncounterparts. Thismarriagebetweentheemployeeandthecompanytheconsequenceoflifetimeemployment—mayexplainwhyJapaneseworkersseempositivelytolove.theproductstheircompanyisproducingandwhytheyarewillingtostayonafterworkforlittleovertimepaytoparticipateinearnestdiscussionsaboutthequalitycontroloftheirproducts. WhichofthefollowingstatementsisINCORRECT
{{*HTML*}}TheFirstFourMinutes??Whendopeopledecidewhetherornottheywanttobecomefriends?DuringtheirfirstfourminutestogetheraccordingtoabookbyDr.LeonardZunin.InhisbookContact:TheFirstFourMinutesheoffersthisadvicetoanyoneinterestedinstartingnewfriendships:?46?Alotofpeople’swholeliveswouldchangeiftheydidjustthat.??Youmayhavenoticedthataveragepersondoesnotgivehisundividedattentiontosomeonehehasjustmet.?47?Ifanyonehaseverdonethistoyouyouprobablydidnotlikehimverymuch.??Whenweareintroducedtonewpeopletheauthorsuggestsweshouldtrytoappearfriendlyandself-confident.IngeneralhesaysPeoplelikepeoplewholikethemselves.??Ontheotherhandweshouldnotmaketheotherpersonthinkwearetoosureofourselves.Itisimportanttoappearinterestedandsympatheticrealizingthattheotherpersonhashiswonneedsfearsandhopes.??HearingsuchadviceonemightsayButI’mnotafriendlyself-confidentperson.That’snotmynature.Itwouldbedishonestformetoactthatway.???48?Wecanbecomeaccustomedtoanychangeswechoosetomakeinourpersonality.Itislikegettingusedtoanewcar.Itmaybeunfamiliaratfirstbutitgoesmuchbetterthantheoldone.??Butisn’titdishonesttogivetheappearanceoffriendlyself-confidencewhenwedon’tactuallyfeelthatway?PerhapsbutaccordingtoDr.Zunintotalhonestisnotalwaysgoodforsocialrelationshipsespeciallyduringthefirstfewminutesofcontact.Thereisatimeforeverythingandacertainamountofplay-actingmaybebestforthefirstfewminutesofcontactwithastranger.Thatisnotthetimetocomplainaboutone’shealthortomentionfaultsonefindsinotherpeople.Itisnotthetimetotellthewholetruthaboutone’sopinionsandimpressions.???49?Forahusbandandwifeoraparentandchildproblemsoftenariseduringtheirfirstfourminutestogetheraftertheyhavebeenapart.Dr.Zuninsuggeststhatthesefirstfewminutestogetherbetreatedwithcare.Ifthereareunpleasantmatterstobediscussedtheyshouldbedealtwithlater.???Theauthorsaysthatinterpersonalrelationsshouldbetaughtasarequiredcourseineveryschoolalongwithreadingwritingandmathematics.?50?Thatisatleastasimportantashowmuchweknow.???A.InreplyDr.Zuninwouldclaimthatalittlepracticecanhelpusfeelcomfortableaboutchangingoursocialhabits.???B.Muchofwhathasbeensaidaboutstrangersalsoappliestorelationshipswithfamilymembersandfriends.???C.Inhisopinionsuccessinlifedependsmainlyonhowwegetalongwithotherpeople.???D.Everytimeyoumeetsomeoneinasocialsituationgivehimyourundividedattentionforfourminutes.???E.Hekeepslookingovertheotherperson’sshoulderasifhopingtofindsomeonemoreinterestinginanotherpartoftheroom.???F.Heiseagertomakefriendswitheveryone.
OneGoodReasontoLetSmallpoxLive It’snowafairbetthatwewillneverseethetotalextinctionofthesmallpoxvirus.Theideawastocapthegloriousachievementof1980whensmallpoxwaseradicatedinthewildbydestroyingthekillervirusinthelasttwolabsthataresupposedtohaveit—oneintheUSandoneinRussia.Ifsmallpoxhadtrulygonefromtheplanetwhatpointwasthereinkeepingthesereserves 51realityofcourseitwasnaiveto52thateveryonewouldlet53ofsuchapotentpotentialweapon.Undoubtedlyseveralnationsstillhave54vials.55thelast"official"stocksoflivevirusbredmistrustoftheUSandRussia56noobviousgain. NowAmericanresearchershave57ananimalmodelofthehumandiseaseopeningthe58fortestsonnewtreatmentsandvaccines.Soonceagainthere’sagoodreasonto59thevirus—justin60thediseaseputsinareappearance. Howdowe61withthemistrustoftheUSandRussia62.Keepthevirus63internationalauspicesinawell-guardedUNlaboratorythat’sopentoallcountries.TheUSwillobjectofcoursejustasitrejectsamultilateralapproachtojustabouteverything.Butitdoesn’t64theideaiswrong.Ifthevirus65usefulthenlet’smakeittheservantofallhumanity—notjustapartofit. 60
{{*HTML*}}SuccessfulLanguageLearners??1.Somepeopleseemtohaveaknackforlearninglanguages.Theycanpickupnewvocabularymasterrulesorgrammarandlearntowriteinthenewlanguagemorequicklythanothers.Theydonotseemtobeanymoreintelligentthanotherssowhatmakeslanguagelearningsomucheasierforthem?Perhapsifwetakeadoselookatthesesuccessfullanguagelearnerswemaydiscoverafewofthetechniqueswhichmakelanguagelearningeasierforthem.???2.Firstofallsuccessfullanguagelearnersareindependentlearners.Theydonotdependonthebookortheteacher;theydiscovertheirownwaytolearnthelanguage.Insteadofwaitingfortheteachertoexplaintheytrytofindthepatternsandtherulesforthemselves.Theyaregoodguesserswholookforcluesandformtheirownconclusions.Whentheyguesswrongtheyguessagain.Theytrytolearnfrommistakes.???3.Successfullanguagelearningisactivelearning.Thereforesuccessfullearnersdonotwaitforachancetousethelanguage;theylookforsuchachance.Theyfindpeoplewhospeakthelanguageandtheyaskthesepeopletocorrectthemwhentheymakeamistake.Theywilltryanythingtocommunicate.Theyarenotafraidtorepeatwhattheyhearortosaystrangethings;theyarewillingtomakemistakesandtryagain.Whencommunicationisdifficulttheycanacceptinformationthatisinexactorincomplete.Itismoreimportantforthemtolearntothinkinthelanguagethantoknowthemeaningofeveryword.???4.Finallysuccessfullanguagelearnersarelearnerswithapurpose.Theywanttolearnthelanguagebecausetheyareinterestedinthelanguageandthepeoplewhospeakit.Itisnecessaryforthemtolearnthelanguageinordertocommunicatewiththesepeopleandtolearnfromthem.Theyfinditeasytopracticeusingthelanguageregularlybecausetheywanttolearnwithit.???5.Whatkindoflanguagelearnerareyou?Ifyouareasuccessfullanguagelearneryouhaveprobablybeenlearningindependentlyactivelyandpurposefully.Ontheotherhandifyourlanguagelearninghasbeenlessthansuccessfulyoumightaswelltrysomeofthetechniquesoutlinedabove.{{*HTML*}}A.WaystoLearnaLanguageSuccessfully??B.LearningaLanguagePurposefully??C.LearningaLanguageActively??D.LearningaLanguageIndependently??E.LearningfromMistakes??F.LearningtoThinkintheTargetLanguage??Paragraph1______
{{*HTML*}}SuccessfulLanguageLearners??1.Somepeopleseemtohaveaknackforlearninglanguages.Theycanpickupnewvocabularymasterrulesorgrammarandlearntowriteinthenewlanguagemorequicklythanothers.Theydonotseemtobeanymoreintelligentthanotherssowhatmakeslanguagelearningsomucheasierforthem?Perhapsifwetakeadoselookatthesesuccessfullanguagelearnerswemaydiscoverafewofthetechniqueswhichmakelanguagelearningeasierforthem.???2.Firstofallsuccessfullanguagelearnersareindependentlearners.Theydonotdependonthebookortheteacher;theydiscovertheirownwaytolearnthelanguage.Insteadofwaitingfortheteachertoexplaintheytrytofindthepatternsandtherulesforthemselves.Theyaregoodguesserswholookforcluesandformtheirownconclusions.Whentheyguesswrongtheyguessagain.Theytrytolearnfrommistakes.???3.Successfullanguagelearningisactivelearning.Thereforesuccessfullearnersdonotwaitforachancetousethelanguage;theylookforsuchachance.Theyfindpeoplewhospeakthelanguageandtheyaskthesepeopletocorrectthemwhentheymakeamistake.Theywilltryanythingtocommunicate.Theyarenotafraidtorepeatwhattheyhearortosaystrangethings;theyarewillingtomakemistakesandtryagain.Whencommunicationisdifficulttheycanacceptinformationthatisinexactorincomplete.Itismoreimportantforthemtolearntothinkinthelanguagethantoknowthemeaningofeveryword.???4.Finallysuccessfullanguagelearnersarelearnerswithapurpose.Theywanttolearnthelanguagebecausetheyareinterestedinthelanguageandthepeoplewhospeakit.Itisnecessaryforthemtolearnthelanguageinordertocommunicatewiththesepeopleandtolearnfromthem.Theyfinditeasytopracticeusingthelanguageregularlybecausetheywanttolearnwithit.???5.Whatkindoflanguagelearnerareyou?Ifyouareasuccessfullanguagelearneryouhaveprobablybeenlearningindependentlyactivelyandpurposefully.Ontheotherhandifyourlanguagelearninghasbeenlessthansuccessfulyoumightaswelltrysomeofthetechniquesoutlinedabove.Paragraph3______
{{*HTML*}}SuccessfulLanguageLearners??1.Somepeopleseemtohaveaknackforlearninglanguages.Theycanpickupnewvocabularymasterrulesorgrammarandlearntowriteinthenewlanguagemorequicklythanothers.Theydonotseemtobeanymoreintelligentthanotherssowhatmakeslanguagelearningsomucheasierforthem?Perhapsifwetakeadoselookatthesesuccessfullanguagelearnerswemaydiscoverafewofthetechniqueswhichmakelanguagelearningeasierforthem.???2.Firstofallsuccessfullanguagelearnersareindependentlearners.Theydonotdependonthebookortheteacher;theydiscovertheirownwaytolearnthelanguage.Insteadofwaitingfortheteachertoexplaintheytrytofindthepatternsandtherulesforthemselves.Theyaregoodguesserswholookforcluesandformtheirownconclusions.Whentheyguesswrongtheyguessagain.Theytrytolearnfrommistakes.???3.Successfullanguagelearningisactivelearning.Thereforesuccessfullearnersdonotwaitforachancetousethelanguage;theylookforsuchachance.Theyfindpeoplewhospeakthelanguageandtheyaskthesepeopletocorrectthemwhentheymakeamistake.Theywilltryanythingtocommunicate.Theyarenotafraidtorepeatwhattheyhearortosaystrangethings;theyarewillingtomakemistakesandtryagain.Whencommunicationisdifficulttheycanacceptinformationthatisinexactorincomplete.Itismoreimportantforthemtolearntothinkinthelanguagethantoknowthemeaningofeveryword.???4.Finallysuccessfullanguagelearnersarelearnerswithapurpose.Theywanttolearnthelanguagebecausetheyareinterestedinthelanguageandthepeoplewhospeakit.Itisnecessaryforthemtolearnthelanguageinordertocommunicatewiththesepeopleandtolearnfromthem.Theyfinditeasytopracticeusingthelanguageregularlybecausetheywanttolearnwithit.???5.Whatkindoflanguagelearnerareyou?Ifyouareasuccessfullanguagelearneryouhaveprobablybeenlearningindependentlyactivelyandpurposefully.Ontheotherhandifyourlanguagelearninghasbeenlessthansuccessfulyoumightaswelltrysomeofthetechniquesoutlinedabove.{{*HTML*}}A.todiscoversentencepatternsandgrammaticalrules??B.toexpandvocabulary??C.tousethetargetlanguage??D.toencourageunsuccessfullanguagelearnerstolearnindependentlyactivelyandpurposefully??E.fromclues??F.tosaystrangethings??Successfullanguagelearnersderiveconclusions______.
OneGoodReasontoLetSmallpoxLive It’snowafairbetthatwewillneverseethetotalextinctionofthesmallpoxvirus.Theideawastocapthegloriousachievementof1980whensmallpoxwaseradicatedinthewildbydestroyingthekillervirusinthelasttwolabsthataresupposedtohaveit—oneintheUSandoneinRussia.Ifsmallpoxhadtrulygonefromtheplanetwhatpointwasthereinkeepingthesereserves 51realityofcourseitwasnaiveto52thateveryonewouldlet53ofsuchapotentpotentialweapon.Undoubtedlyseveralnationsstillhave54vials.55thelast"official"stocksoflivevirusbredmistrustoftheUSandRussia56noobviousgain. NowAmericanresearchershave57ananimalmodelofthehumandiseaseopeningthe58fortestsonnewtreatmentsandvaccines.Soonceagainthere’sagoodreasonto59thevirus—justin60thediseaseputsinareappearance. Howdowe61withthemistrustoftheUSandRussia62.Keepthevirus63internationalauspicesinawell-guardedUNlaboratorythat’sopentoallcountries.TheUSwillobjectofcoursejustasitrejectsamultilateralapproachtojustabouteverything.Butitdoesn’t64theideaiswrong.Ifthevirus65usefulthenlet’smakeittheservantofallhumanity—notjustapartofit. 54
Theunionrepresentativeputacrossherargumentveryeffectively.
Thefueltankshadacapacityof140liters.
OneGoodReasontoLetSmallpoxLive It’snowafairbetthatwewillneverseethetotalextinctionofthesmallpoxvirus.Theideawastocapthegloriousachievementof1980whensmallpoxwaseradicatedinthewildbydestroyingthekillervirusinthelasttwolabsthataresupposedtohaveit—oneintheUSandoneinRussia.Ifsmallpoxhadtrulygonefromtheplanetwhatpointwasthereinkeepingthesereserves 51realityofcourseitwasnaiveto52thateveryonewouldlet53ofsuchapotentpotentialweapon.Undoubtedlyseveralnationsstillhave54vials.55thelast"official"stocksoflivevirusbredmistrustoftheUSandRussia56noobviousgain. NowAmericanresearchershave57ananimalmodelofthehumandiseaseopeningthe58fortestsonnewtreatmentsandvaccines.Soonceagainthere’sagoodreasonto59thevirus—justin60thediseaseputsinareappearance. Howdowe61withthemistrustoftheUSandRussia62.Keepthevirus63internationalauspicesinawell-guardedUNlaboratorythat’sopentoallcountries.TheUSwillobjectofcoursejustasitrejectsamultilateralapproachtojustabouteverything.Butitdoesn’t64theideaiswrong.Ifthevirus65usefulthenlet’smakeittheservantofallhumanity—notjustapartofit. 58
Hercules OnceuponatimetherewasagreatGreekheroHercules.Hewastallerandstrongerthananyoneyouhaveeverseen.Onhisshoulderhecarriedaclubandinhishandheheldabow弓.Hewasknownastheheroofahundredadventures. Herculesservedaking.Thekingwasafraidofhim.Soagainandagainhesenthimondifficulttasks.OnemorningthekingsentforhimandtoldhimtofetchthreegoldenapplesforhimfromthegardenoftheSingingMaidens歌女.Butnooneknewwherethegardenwas. SoHerculeswentaway.Hewalkedthewholedayandthenextdayandthenext.Hewalkedformonthsbeforehesawmountainsfarinthedistanceonefinemorning.Oneofthemountainswasintheshapeofamanwithlonglonglegsandarmsandhugeshouldersandahugehead.Hewasholdingupthesky.HerculesknewitwasAtlastheMountainGod.Soheaskedhimforhelp. Atlasanswered"Myheadandarmsandshouldersallache.CouldyouholduptheskywhileIfetchthegoldenapplesforyou" Herculesclimbedthemountainandshoulderedthesky.Soontheskygrewveryheavy.WhenfinallyAtlascamebackwiththreegoldenappleshesaid"Wellyouaregoingtocarrythemountainforever.I’mgoingtoseethekingwiththeapples."Herculesknewthathecouldn’tfighthimbecauseoftheskyonhisback.Soheshouted: "Justoneminute’shelp.Myshouldersarehurting.HoldtheskyforaminutewhileImakeacushion垫子formyshoulders." Atlasbelievedhim.Hethrewdowntheapplesandheldupthesky. Herculespickeduptheapplesandranbacktoseetheking. Atlaswasthegiantwhoheldupthesky.
OneGoodReasontoLetSmallpoxLive It’snowafairbetthatwewillneverseethetotalextinctionofthesmallpoxvirus.Theideawastocapthegloriousachievementof1980whensmallpoxwaseradicatedinthewildbydestroyingthekillervirusinthelasttwolabsthataresupposedtohaveit—oneintheUSandoneinRussia.Ifsmallpoxhadtrulygonefromtheplanetwhatpointwasthereinkeepingthesereserves 51realityofcourseitwasnaiveto52thateveryonewouldlet53ofsuchapotentpotentialweapon.Undoubtedlyseveralnationsstillhave54vials.55thelast"official"stocksoflivevirusbredmistrustoftheUSandRussia56noobviousgain. NowAmericanresearchershave57ananimalmodelofthehumandiseaseopeningthe58fortestsonnewtreatmentsandvaccines.Soonceagainthere’sagoodreasonto59thevirus—justin60thediseaseputsinareappearance. Howdowe61withthemistrustoftheUSandRussia62.Keepthevirus63internationalauspicesinawell-guardedUNlaboratorythat’sopentoallcountries.TheUSwillobjectofcoursejustasitrejectsamultilateralapproachtojustabouteverything.Butitdoesn’t64theideaiswrong.Ifthevirus65usefulthenlet’smakeittheservantofallhumanity—notjustapartofit. 52
OneGoodReasontoLetSmallpoxLive It’snowafairbetthatwewillneverseethetotalextinctionofthesmallpoxvirus.Theideawastocapthegloriousachievementof1980whensmallpoxwaseradicatedinthewildbydestroyingthekillervirusinthelasttwolabsthataresupposedtohaveit—oneintheUSandoneinRussia.Ifsmallpoxhadtrulygonefromtheplanetwhatpointwasthereinkeepingthesereserves 51realityofcourseitwasnaiveto52thateveryonewouldlet53ofsuchapotentpotentialweapon.Undoubtedlyseveralnationsstillhave54vials.55thelast"official"stocksoflivevirusbredmistrustoftheUSandRussia56noobviousgain. NowAmericanresearchershave57ananimalmodelofthehumandiseaseopeningthe58fortestsonnewtreatmentsandvaccines.Soonceagainthere’sagoodreasonto59thevirus—justin60thediseaseputsinareappearance. Howdowe61withthemistrustoftheUSandRussia62.Keepthevirus63internationalauspicesinawell-guardedUNlaboratorythat’sopentoallcountries.TheUSwillobjectofcoursejustasitrejectsamultilateralapproachtojustabouteverything.Butitdoesn’t64theideaiswrong.Ifthevirus65usefulthenlet’smakeittheservantofallhumanity—notjustapartofit. 56
Hercules OnceuponatimetherewasagreatGreekheroHercules.Hewastallerandstrongerthananyoneyouhaveeverseen.Onhisshoulderhecarriedaclubandinhishandheheldabow弓.Hewasknownastheheroofahundredadventures. Herculesservedaking.Thekingwasafraidofhim.Soagainandagainhesenthimondifficulttasks.OnemorningthekingsentforhimandtoldhimtofetchthreegoldenapplesforhimfromthegardenoftheSingingMaidens歌女.Butnooneknewwherethegardenwas. SoHerculeswentaway.Hewalkedthewholedayandthenextdayandthenext.Hewalkedformonthsbeforehesawmountainsfarinthedistanceonefinemorning.Oneofthemountainswasintheshapeofamanwithlonglonglegsandarmsandhugeshouldersandahugehead.Hewasholdingupthesky.HerculesknewitwasAtlastheMountainGod.Soheaskedhimforhelp. Atlasanswered"Myheadandarmsandshouldersallache.CouldyouholduptheskywhileIfetchthegoldenapplesforyou" Herculesclimbedthemountainandshoulderedthesky.Soontheskygrewveryheavy.WhenfinallyAtlascamebackwiththreegoldenappleshesaid"Wellyouaregoingtocarrythemountainforever.I’mgoingtoseethekingwiththeapples."Herculesknewthathecouldn’tfighthimbecauseoftheskyonhisback.Soheshouted: "Justoneminute’shelp.Myshouldersarehurting.HoldtheskyforaminutewhileImakeacushion垫子formyshoulders." Atlasbelievedhim.Hethrewdowntheapplesandheldupthesky. Herculespickeduptheapplesandranbacktoseetheking. AtlasgotthegoldenapplesforHerculesbecausehewantedtobethekinghimself.
NormanBlarneyisanartistofdeepconvictions.
{{*HTML*}}TheFirstFourMinutes??Whendopeopledecidewhetherornottheywanttobecomefriends?DuringtheirfirstfourminutestogetheraccordingtoabookbyDr.LeonardZunin.InhisbookContact:TheFirstFourMinutesheoffersthisadvicetoanyoneinterestedinstartingnewfriendships:?46?Alotofpeople’swholeliveswouldchangeiftheydidjustthat.??Youmayhavenoticedthataveragepersondoesnotgivehisundividedattentiontosomeonehehasjustmet.?47?Ifanyonehaseverdonethistoyouyouprobablydidnotlikehimverymuch.??Whenweareintroducedtonewpeopletheauthorsuggestsweshouldtrytoappearfriendlyandself-confident.IngeneralhesaysPeoplelikepeoplewholikethemselves.??Ontheotherhandweshouldnotmaketheotherpersonthinkwearetoosureofourselves.Itisimportanttoappearinterestedandsympatheticrealizingthattheotherpersonhashiswonneedsfearsandhopes.??HearingsuchadviceonemightsayButI’mnotafriendlyself-confidentperson.That’snotmynature.Itwouldbedishonestformetoactthatway.???48?Wecanbecomeaccustomedtoanychangeswechoosetomakeinourpersonality.Itislikegettingusedtoanewcar.Itmaybeunfamiliaratfirstbutitgoesmuchbetterthantheoldone.??Butisn’titdishonesttogivetheappearanceoffriendlyself-confidencewhenwedon’tactuallyfeelthatway?PerhapsbutaccordingtoDr.Zunintotalhonestisnotalwaysgoodforsocialrelationshipsespeciallyduringthefirstfewminutesofcontact.Thereisatimeforeverythingandacertainamountofplay-actingmaybebestforthefirstfewminutesofcontactwithastranger.Thatisnotthetimetocomplainaboutone’shealthortomentionfaultsonefindsinotherpeople.Itisnotthetimetotellthewholetruthaboutone’sopinionsandimpressions.???49?Forahusbandandwifeoraparentandchildproblemsoftenariseduringtheirfirstfourminutestogetheraftertheyhavebeenapart.Dr.Zuninsuggeststhatthesefirstfewminutestogetherbetreatedwithcare.Ifthereareunpleasantmatterstobediscussedtheyshouldbedealtwithlater.???Theauthorsaysthatinterpersonalrelationsshouldbetaughtasarequiredcourseineveryschoolalongwithreadingwritingandmathematics.?50?Thatisatleastasimportantashowmuchweknow.???A.InreplyDr.Zuninwouldclaimthatalittlepracticecanhelpusfeelcomfortableaboutchangingoursocialhabits.???B.Muchofwhathasbeensaidaboutstrangersalsoappliestorelationshipswithfamilymembersandfriends.???C.Inhisopinionsuccessinlifedependsmainlyonhowwegetalongwithotherpeople.???D.Everytimeyoumeetsomeoneinasocialsituationgivehimyourundividedattentionforfourminutes.???E.Hekeepslookingovertheotherperson’sshoulderasifhopingtofindsomeonemoreinterestinginanotherpartoftheroom.???F.Heiseagertomakefriendswitheveryone.
Eveninahighlymodernizedcountrymanualworkisstillneeded.
Hercules OnceuponatimetherewasagreatGreekheroHercules.Hewastallerandstrongerthananyoneyouhaveeverseen.Onhisshoulderhecarriedaclubandinhishandheheldabow弓.Hewasknownastheheroofahundredadventures. Herculesservedaking.Thekingwasafraidofhim.Soagainandagainhesenthimondifficulttasks.OnemorningthekingsentforhimandtoldhimtofetchthreegoldenapplesforhimfromthegardenoftheSingingMaidens歌女.Butnooneknewwherethegardenwas. SoHerculeswentaway.Hewalkedthewholedayandthenextdayandthenext.Hewalkedformonthsbeforehesawmountainsfarinthedistanceonefinemorning.Oneofthemountainswasintheshapeofamanwithlonglonglegsandarmsandhugeshouldersandahugehead.Hewasholdingupthesky.HerculesknewitwasAtlastheMountainGod.Soheaskedhimforhelp. Atlasanswered"Myheadandarmsandshouldersallache.CouldyouholduptheskywhileIfetchthegoldenapplesforyou" Herculesclimbedthemountainandshoulderedthesky.Soontheskygrewveryheavy.WhenfinallyAtlascamebackwiththreegoldenappleshesaid"Wellyouaregoingtocarrythemountainforever.I’mgoingtoseethekingwiththeapples."Herculesknewthathecouldn’tfighthimbecauseoftheskyonhisback.Soheshouted: "Justoneminute’shelp.Myshouldersarehurting.HoldtheskyforaminutewhileImakeacushion垫子formyshoulders." Atlasbelievedhim.Hethrewdowntheapplesandheldupthesky. Herculespickeduptheapplesandranbacktoseetheking. Herculesworkedintheking’sgarden.
Thereportadvocatedsettingupdaytrainingcolleges.
{{*HTML*}}SuccessfulLanguageLearners??1.Somepeopleseemtohaveaknackforlearninglanguages.Theycanpickupnewvocabularymasterrulesorgrammarandlearntowriteinthenewlanguagemorequicklythanothers.Theydonotseemtobeanymoreintelligentthanotherssowhatmakeslanguagelearningsomucheasierforthem?Perhapsifwetakeadoselookatthesesuccessfullanguagelearnerswemaydiscoverafewofthetechniqueswhichmakelanguagelearningeasierforthem.???2.Firstofallsuccessfullanguagelearnersareindependentlearners.Theydonotdependonthebookortheteacher;theydiscovertheirownwaytolearnthelanguage.Insteadofwaitingfortheteachertoexplaintheytrytofindthepatternsandtherulesforthemselves.Theyaregoodguesserswholookforcluesandformtheirownconclusions.Whentheyguesswrongtheyguessagain.Theytrytolearnfrommistakes.???3.Successfullanguagelearningisactivelearning.Thereforesuccessfullearnersdonotwaitforachancetousethelanguage;theylookforsuchachance.Theyfindpeoplewhospeakthelanguageandtheyaskthesepeopletocorrectthemwhentheymakeamistake.Theywilltryanythingtocommunicate.Theyarenotafraidtorepeatwhattheyhearortosaystrangethings;theyarewillingtomakemistakesandtryagain.Whencommunicationisdifficulttheycanacceptinformationthatisinexactorincomplete.Itismoreimportantforthemtolearntothinkinthelanguagethantoknowthemeaningofeveryword.???4.Finallysuccessfullanguagelearnersarelearnerswithapurpose.Theywanttolearnthelanguagebecausetheyareinterestedinthelanguageandthepeoplewhospeakit.Itisnecessaryforthemtolearnthelanguageinordertocommunicatewiththesepeopleandtolearnfromthem.Theyfinditeasytopracticeusingthelanguageregularlybecausetheywanttolearnwithit.???5.Whatkindoflanguagelearnerareyou?Ifyouareasuccessfullanguagelearneryouhaveprobablybeenlearningindependentlyactivelyandpurposefully.Ontheotherhandifyourlanguagelearninghasbeenlessthansuccessfulyoumightaswelltrysomeofthetechniquesoutlinedabove.Activelanguagelearnersseizeeveryopportunity______.
WaterResource Humanityusesalittlelessthanhalfthewateravailableworldwide.Yetoccurrencesofshortagesanddroughts干旱arecausingfamineanddistressinsomeareasandindustrialandagriculturalby-productsarepollutingwatersupplies.Sincetheworldspopulationisexpectedtodoubleinthenext50yearsmanyexpertsthinkweareontheedgeofawidespreadwatercrisis. Butthatdoesn’thavetobetheoutcome.Watershortagesdonothavetotroubletheworld—ifwestartvaluingwatermorethanwehaveinthepast.Justaswebegantoappreciatepetroleummoreafterthe1970soilcrisestodaywemuststartlookingatwaterfromafresheconomicperspective.Wecannolongeraffordtoconsiderwateravirtuallyfreeresourceofwhichwecanuseasmuchaswelikeinanywaywewant. Insteadforallusesexceptthedomesticdemandofthepoorgovernmentsshouldpricewatertoreflectitsactualvalue.Thismeanschargingafeeforthewateritselfaswellasforthesupplycosts. Governmentsshouldalsoprotectthisresourcebyprovidingwaterinmoreeconomicallyandenvironmentallysoundways.Forexampleoftenthecheapestwaytoprovideirrigation灌溉waterinthedrytropicsisthroughsmall-scaleprojectssuchasgatheringrainfallindepressions凹地andpumpingittonearbycropland. Nomatterwhatstepsgovernmentstaketoprovidewatermoreefficientlytheymustchangetheirinstitutionalandlegalapproachestowateruse.Ratherthanspreadcontrolamonghundredsoreventhousandsoflocalregionalandnationalagenciesthatwatchvariousaspectsofwaterusecountriesshouldsetupcentralauthoritiestocoordinatewaterpolicy. Whatistherealcauseofthepotentialwatercrisis
OneGoodReasontoLetSmallpoxLive It’snowafairbetthatwewillneverseethetotalextinctionofthesmallpoxvirus.Theideawastocapthegloriousachievementof1980whensmallpoxwaseradicatedinthewildbydestroyingthekillervirusinthelasttwolabsthataresupposedtohaveit—oneintheUSandoneinRussia.Ifsmallpoxhadtrulygonefromtheplanetwhatpointwasthereinkeepingthesereserves 51realityofcourseitwasnaiveto52thateveryonewouldlet53ofsuchapotentpotentialweapon.Undoubtedlyseveralnationsstillhave54vials.55thelast"official"stocksoflivevirusbredmistrustoftheUSandRussia56noobviousgain. NowAmericanresearchershave57ananimalmodelofthehumandiseaseopeningthe58fortestsonnewtreatmentsandvaccines.Soonceagainthere’sagoodreasonto59thevirus—justin60thediseaseputsinareappearance. Howdowe61withthemistrustoftheUSandRussia62.Keepthevirus63internationalauspicesinawell-guardedUNlaboratorythat’sopentoallcountries.TheUSwillobjectofcoursejustasitrejectsamultilateralapproachtojustabouteverything.Butitdoesn’t64theideaiswrong.Ifthevirus65usefulthenlet’smakeittheservantofallhumanity—notjustapartofit. 64
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