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Health Education1．Health education is the part of health care that is concerned with promoting healt...
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下面的短文后有2项测试任务1第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第1～4段每段选择1个最佳标题2第
??阅读下面这篇短文短文后有2项测试任务11～4题要求从所给的6个选项中为第 2～5段每段选择1个
下面的短文后有2项测试任务1第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第1～4段每段选择1个最佳标题2第
? ?阅读下面这篇短文短文后有2项测试任务1第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2～5段每段选
? ?阅读下面这篇短文短文后有2项测试任务1第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2～5段每段选
下面的短文后有2项测试任务1第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第1～4段每段选择1个最佳标题2第
下面的短文后有2项测试任务1第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第1～4段每段选择1个最佳标题2第
? ?阅读下面这篇短文短文后有2项测试任务1第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2～5段每段选
? ?阅读下面这篇短文短文后有2项测试任务1第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2～5段每段选
? ?阅读下面这篇短文短文后有2项测试任务1第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2～5段每段选
下面的短文后有2项测试任务1第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第1～4段每段选择1个最佳标题2第
??阅读下面这篇短文短文后有2项测试任务11～4题要求从所给的6个选项中为第 2～5段每段选择1个
HealthEducation1.Healtheducationisthepartofhealthc
? ?阅读下面这篇短文短文后有2项测试任务1第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2～5段每段选
下面的短文后有2项测试任务1第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第1～4段每段选择1个最佳标题2第
下面的短文后有2项测试任务1第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第1～4段每段选择1个最佳标题2第
下面的短文后有2项测试任务1第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第1～4段每段选择1个最佳标题2第
HealthEducation1．Healtheducationisthepartofhealthc
HealthEducation1.Healtheducationisthepartofhealthc
? ?阅读下面这篇短文短文后有2项测试任务1第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2～5段每段选
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Inflation Businessandgovernmentleadersalsoconsidertheinflationratetobeanimportantgeneralindicator.Inflationisaperiodofincreasedspendingthatcausesrapidrisesinprices.51yourmoneybuysfewergoodssothatyouget52forthesameamountofmoneyasbeforeinflationistheproblem.Thereisageneralrise53thepriceofgoodsandservices.Yourmoneybuysless.Sometimespeopledescribeinflationasatimewhen"adollarisnotworthadollaranymore". Inflationisaproblemforallconsumers.Peoplewholiveonafixedincomearehurtthe54.Retiredpeopleforinstancecannotcountonanincreaseinincomeaspricesrise.Elderlypeoplewhodonotworkfaceseriousproblemsinstretchingtheirincomesto55theirneedsintimeofinflation.Retirementincome56anyfixedincomeusuallydoesnotriseasfastasprices.Manyretiredpeoplemustcuttheirspendingto57risingprices.Inmanycasestheymuststop58somenecessaryitemssuchasfoodandclothing.Even59workingpeoplewhoseincomesaregoingupinflationcanbeaproblem.The60oflivinggoesuptoo.Peoplewhoworkmusthaveevenmoremoneytokeepuptheirstandardofliving.Justbuyingthethingstheyneedcostsmore.Whenincomesdonotkeep61withrisingpricesthestandardoflivinggoesdown.Peoplemaybeearningthesameamountofmoneybuttheyarenotlivingaswellbecausetheyarenotabletobuyasmanygoodsandservices. Governmentunitsgatherinformationaboutpricesinoureconomyandpublishitaspriceindexes62therateofchangecanbedetermined.Apriceindexmeasureschangesinpricesusingthepricefora63yearasthebase.Thebasepriceissetat100andtheotherpricesarereportedasa64ofthebaseprice.Apriceindexmakes65possibletocomparecurrentpricesoftypicalconsumergoodsforexamplewithpricesofthesamegoodsinpreviousyears. 64
HowtoDetermineaTopicforResearch Becauseyouaregoingtoputalotofyourtimeandenergyintoyourresearchproject项目thetopicisespeciallyimportant.Inmanyinstancesyourinstructormaygiveaspecific特殊的topic.I[thisisdoneyouhavelittlechoicebutmostinstructorswillpermitorevenwelcomeaslightlychangedfocus中心inatopicifitissupportedbygoodthinking. Insomeofyourclassestheinstructormaypresentasuggestedlistofseveraltopicsfromwhichyouaretomakeachoice.Ifthisisdonedonotsimplyselectthefirstideathatattractsyourattention.Itmaybeonewithwhichyouwillsoonbecomeboredoritmaybeoneonwhichyouwouldhavedifficultyfindingallthenecessaryinformation.Lookingatthetopicstrytoconsiderhowyoumightgoaboutdevelopingeachofthem.Whenyoufindoutwhatseemsespeciallyinterestingandworthwhile值行骄傲的doabitcheckinginthelibrarytoseeifyoucangetthebasicresourcesyouwillneed. Choosingagoodresearchtopicdoesnotnecessarilymeanfindingsomethingthathasalotwrittenaboutit.Manytimesyouwillhavetoresearcharoundatopicinordertofindoutthemostusefulinformation.Excitingandoriginaltopicsoftencometomindbycombiningtwocompletelydifferentinterests.Letussaythatyouareinterestedinchildpsychology心理学的andinsports.Perhapsyoucancombinetheseintoastudyoftheeffectthatiswatching可得到的onthesubjectyoucanresearchthetopicindividuallyandbyputtingyourinformationtogetherthendrawaconclusion. Allinstructorswillallowsomewhatchangedfocusintheoriginaltopic.
MoreThanaRidetoSchool TheNationalEducationAssociationclaims"Theschoolbusisamirrorofthecommunity."Theyfurtheraddthatunfortunatelywhatappearsontheexteriordoesnotalwaysreflecttherealityofachosencommunity.Theyareright--sometimesitreflectsmore!JustaskLies!Denson.RidingtheschoolbushasbeenmorethanaridetoschoolforLies!. BruceHardyschoolbusdriverforAlthouseBusCompanyhasbeenLiesl’sbusdriversincekindergarten.LastyearwhenLiesl’sfamilymovedtoParkesburgknowingherbuswentbyhernewresidencesherequestedtoridethesamebus. ThisyearLieslisaseniorandwillenjoyherlastyearridingthebus.Shesays"It’sbeenagreatridesofar!Mybusdriverissocoolandhasalwaysbeenagoodfriendandagoodlistener.Sometimeswhenyou’reachildadultsdonotthinkthatwhatyouhavetosayisimportant.Mr.Hardyalwayslistenstowhatyouhavetosayandmakesyoufeelimportant."HerfriendsAshleyBatistaandAmandaWolfeagree. BruceHardyhasbeenmakingOctorarastudentsfeelspecialsince1975.Thisyearhewillcelebrate30yearsworkingforAlthouseBusCompany.LarryAlthousepresidentofthecompanyacknowledgesBruceHardy’soutstandingrecord:"YoudonotcomebyemployeeslikeBrucethesedays.Hehasnevermissedadayofworkandhasaperfectdrivingrecord.Hewasrecognizedin2000bythePennsylvaniaSchoolBusAssociationfordriving350000accidentfreemiles.Hardy’sreputationismadefurtherevidentthroughtherelationshipshehasmadewiththestudentsthatridehisbus. Althousefurtheradds"AIthouseBusCompanywasestablished70yearsagoandhasbeenprovidingqualitytransportationeversince.Mygrandfatherstartedthebusinesswithonebus.AlthouseBusCompanyisdelightedtohavetheopportunitytobringdistinctiveandsafeservicetoourlocalschoolandcommunityandlooksforwardtocontinuingtoprovidequalityserviceformanymoreyearstocome."Threegenerationsofbusinessisnotallthecompanyhasenjoyed.ThankstodriverslikeBruceHardytheyhavebeenbuildingrelationshipsthroughgenerations.Liesl’smotherCarolalsoenjoysfondmemoriesofridingBruceHardy’sbustotheOctoraraSchoolDistrict. WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrueofBruceHardy
MoreThanaRidetoSchool TheNationalEducationAssociationclaims"Theschoolbusisamirrorofthecommunity."Theyfurtheraddthatunfortunatelywhatappearsontheexteriordoesnotalwaysreflecttherealityofachosencommunity.Theyareright--sometimesitreflectsmore!JustaskLies!Denson.RidingtheschoolbushasbeenmorethanaridetoschoolforLies!. BruceHardyschoolbusdriverforAlthouseBusCompanyhasbeenLiesl’sbusdriversincekindergarten.LastyearwhenLiesl’sfamilymovedtoParkesburgknowingherbuswentbyhernewresidencesherequestedtoridethesamebus. ThisyearLieslisaseniorandwillenjoyherlastyearridingthebus.Shesays"It’sbeenagreatridesofar!Mybusdriverissocoolandhasalwaysbeenagoodfriendandagoodlistener.Sometimeswhenyou’reachildadultsdonotthinkthatwhatyouhavetosayisimportant.Mr.Hardyalwayslistenstowhatyouhavetosayandmakesyoufeelimportant."HerfriendsAshleyBatistaandAmandaWolfeagree. BruceHardyhasbeenmakingOctorarastudentsfeelspecialsince1975.Thisyearhewillcelebrate30yearsworkingforAlthouseBusCompany.LarryAlthousepresidentofthecompanyacknowledgesBruceHardy’soutstandingrecord:"YoudonotcomebyemployeeslikeBrucethesedays.Hehasnevermissedadayofworkandhasaperfectdrivingrecord.Hewasrecognizedin2000bythePennsylvaniaSchoolBusAssociationfordriving350000accidentfreemiles.Hardy’sreputationismadefurtherevidentthroughtherelationshipshehasmadewiththestudentsthatridehisbus. Althousefurtheradds"AIthouseBusCompanywasestablished70yearsagoandhasbeenprovidingqualitytransportationeversince.Mygrandfatherstartedthebusinesswithonebus.AlthouseBusCompanyisdelightedtohavetheopportunitytobringdistinctiveandsafeservicetoourlocalschoolandcommunityandlooksforwardtocontinuingtoprovidequalityserviceformanymoreyearstocome."Threegenerationsofbusinessisnotallthecompanyhasenjoyed.ThankstodriverslikeBruceHardytheyhavebeenbuildingrelationshipsthroughgenerations.Liesl’smotherCarolalsoenjoysfondmemoriesofridingBruceHardy’sbustotheOctoraraSchoolDistrict. Thewordmirrorinthefirstlinecouldbebestreplacedby
Theaudienceatthemusichallapplaudedenthusiasticallyafterthepianosolo.
Themailwasdelayedfortwodaysbecauseofthesnow-storm.
MoreThanaRidetoSchool TheNationalEducationAssociationclaims"Theschoolbusisamirrorofthecommunity."Theyfurtheraddthatunfortunatelywhatappearsontheexteriordoesnotalwaysreflecttherealityofachosencommunity.Theyareright--sometimesitreflectsmore!JustaskLies!Denson.RidingtheschoolbushasbeenmorethanaridetoschoolforLies!. BruceHardyschoolbusdriverforAlthouseBusCompanyhasbeenLiesl’sbusdriversincekindergarten.LastyearwhenLiesl’sfamilymovedtoParkesburgknowingherbuswentbyhernewresidencesherequestedtoridethesamebus. ThisyearLieslisaseniorandwillenjoyherlastyearridingthebus.Shesays"It’sbeenagreatridesofar!Mybusdriverissocoolandhasalwaysbeenagoodfriendandagoodlistener.Sometimeswhenyou’reachildadultsdonotthinkthatwhatyouhavetosayisimportant.Mr.Hardyalwayslistenstowhatyouhavetosayandmakesyoufeelimportant."HerfriendsAshleyBatistaandAmandaWolfeagree. BruceHardyhasbeenmakingOctorarastudentsfeelspecialsince1975.Thisyearhewillcelebrate30yearsworkingforAlthouseBusCompany.LarryAlthousepresidentofthecompanyacknowledgesBruceHardy’soutstandingrecord:"YoudonotcomebyemployeeslikeBrucethesedays.Hehasnevermissedadayofworkandhasaperfectdrivingrecord.Hewasrecognizedin2000bythePennsylvaniaSchoolBusAssociationfordriving350000accidentfreemiles.Hardy’sreputationismadefurtherevidentthroughtherelationshipshehasmadewiththestudentsthatridehisbus. Althousefurtheradds"AIthouseBusCompanywasestablished70yearsagoandhasbeenprovidingqualitytransportationeversince.Mygrandfatherstartedthebusinesswithonebus.AlthouseBusCompanyisdelightedtohavetheopportunitytobringdistinctiveandsafeservicetoourlocalschoolandcommunityandlooksforwardtocontinuingtoprovidequalityserviceformanymoreyearstocome."Threegenerationsofbusinessisnotallthecompanyhasenjoyed.ThankstodriverslikeBruceHardytheyhavebeenbuildingrelationshipsthroughgenerations.Liesl’smotherCarolalsoenjoysfondmemoriesofridingBruceHardy’sbustotheOctoraraSchoolDistrict. AlthouseBusCompanypaysmuchattentionto
TheeconomycontinuedtoexhibitsignsofdeclineinSeptember.
AfterEmilyDickinsonretreatedfromtheworldattheageoftwenty-sixshewrotemorethanonethousandpoems.
Inflation Businessandgovernmentleadersalsoconsidertheinflationratetobeanimportantgeneralindicator.Inflationisaperiodofincreasedspendingthatcausesrapidrisesinprices.51yourmoneybuysfewergoodssothatyouget52forthesameamountofmoneyasbeforeinflationistheproblem.Thereisageneralrise53thepriceofgoodsandservices.Yourmoneybuysless.Sometimespeopledescribeinflationasatimewhen"adollarisnotworthadollaranymore". Inflationisaproblemforallconsumers.Peoplewholiveonafixedincomearehurtthe54.Retiredpeopleforinstancecannotcountonanincreaseinincomeaspricesrise.Elderlypeoplewhodonotworkfaceseriousproblemsinstretchingtheirincomesto55theirneedsintimeofinflation.Retirementincome56anyfixedincomeusuallydoesnotriseasfastasprices.Manyretiredpeoplemustcuttheirspendingto57risingprices.Inmanycasestheymuststop58somenecessaryitemssuchasfoodandclothing.Even59workingpeoplewhoseincomesaregoingupinflationcanbeaproblem.The60oflivinggoesuptoo.Peoplewhoworkmusthaveevenmoremoneytokeepuptheirstandardofliving.Justbuyingthethingstheyneedcostsmore.Whenincomesdonotkeep61withrisingpricesthestandardoflivinggoesdown.Peoplemaybeearningthesameamountofmoneybuttheyarenotlivingaswellbecausetheyarenotabletobuyasmanygoodsandservices. Governmentunitsgatherinformationaboutpricesinoureconomyandpublishitaspriceindexes62therateofchangecanbedetermined.Apriceindexmeasureschangesinpricesusingthepricefora63yearasthebase.Thebasepriceissetat100andtheotherpricesarereportedasa64ofthebaseprice.Apriceindexmakes65possibletocomparecurrentpricesoftypicalconsumergoodsforexamplewithpricesofthesamegoodsinpreviousyears. 60
EscapingfromtheEarth TheEarthhasaforcethatpullsthingstowarditself.Wecallthisforcegravity地心引力.Thisissomethingwelivewithallthetimeandwetakeitforgrantedandhardlyeverthinkaboutit.Butitisamostimportantfactorinrocketoperationandmustbeovercomeifwearetogetanywhereinspaceoroffthegroundatall. Takethethrowingofahallasanexample.Thehardertheballisthrownthefasterandhigheritwillgo.WhatisthesecretItsspeed.Ifwecouldthrowtheballhardenoughitwouldgoupandupforeverandnevercomedown.Thespeedatwhichitwouldhavetobethrowntodothisisknownasescapespeed.OfcoursewecannotthrowaballhardenoughbecausethespeedrequiredtoescapecompletelyfromtheEarth’sgravityissevenmilespersecondorovertwenty-fivethousandmilesperhour. Onceescapespeedhasbeenreachedbyaspacecraft宇宙飞船nofurtherpowerisneeded.ArocketaimedattheMoonforinstancewill"coast"滑行therestofthewaybecausetheEarth’sgravitycannotthenpullitbackandthereisnoairresistance阻力inspacetoslowitdown.This"coasting"isknownas"freefall".ThatdoesnotmeantherocketisfallingdowntowardstheEarthbutthatitistravelingfreelyinspacewithouttheaidofpowerlikeabicyclecoastingdownhill. Freefallisanimportantfeatureofspacetravel:itwouldbeimpossibletocarryenoughfueltoprovidepoweredflightallthetime. Whyisitnotnecessarytoprovidepoweredflightinspaceallthetime
{{*HTML*}}A?thenucleusofacell??B?clonedhumanbeings??C?ahumanbeingintwoyears??D?alawtobanhumancloning??E?areportonhumancloning??F?heavymediacoverageTheUnitedStateswillintroduce______.
{{*HTML*}}ShouldtheU.S.halthumanspaceflight???????TheColumbiaaccidenthasrevivedthedebateonwhethertherewardsof??????????????humanspaceexplorationareworththerisks.??No.Iwasateacherwhenmenfirstlandedonthemoonin1969andIrememberhowitmovedmystudentsandthiscountry.?46?Andwehaven’tventuredoutwardsincethen.That’s30yearstoolong!America’shumanspace-flightprogramisadriftwithnoclearvisionorgoalsbeyondthecompletionoftheInternationalSpaceStation.??IwantNASAtoestablishaphasedseriesofgoalsoverthenext20yearsincludinghumanvisitstoasteroidsthatcrosstheEarth’sorbitestablishingaresearchandlivingfacilityforhumansonthemoonandhumanexpeditionstothesurfaceofMarsanditsmoons.?47?.??Anastronautistoday’sChristopherColumbuswhosailedintotheunknownanddiscoveredtheAmericas.Theknowledgewegainfromhavingactualpeopleexploringcanneverbereplacedbyrobots.?48?Robotsareusefulbuthumanscandothingsthatrobotscan’t.??Therealobstaclewefaceinovercomingthedriftinthenation’shumanspace-flightprogramisnottechnologicalandit’snotfinancial.?49?.??ThelessonfromtheColumbiaaccidentisnotthathumansdon’tbelonginspace.?50?.A?Insteadweshouldhonorthememoryofthelostastronautsbypushingourexplorationofspacefuture.B?Astronautsarekeytothisexpandedexploration.C?It’sthelackofcommitmenttogetstarted.D?Untilthenweshouldstopriskingpeople’slivesbysendingthemintospace.E?Itisnowmorethan30yearssincethelastAmericanleftthesurfaceofthemoonandreturnedtoEarth.F?Ourabilitytosendhumansintospaceandhavethemreturngivesusamazinginformationaboutourselvesandouruniverse.
PaperorPlastic TakeawalkalongtheChesapeakeBayandyouarelikelytoseeplasticbagsfloatinginthewater.Eversincethesenowubiquitous到处存在的symbolsofAmericansuper-consumptionshowedupinthesupermarketsplasticshoppingbagshavemadetheir51intolocalwaterwaysandfromthereintothebaywheretheycan52wildlife.Pilesofthem-the53takescenturiestodecompose分解--showupinlandfillsandoncitystreets.Plasticbagsalsotakeanenvironmentaltollintheformofmillionsofbarrelsofoilexpendedeveryyeartoproducethem. EnterAnnapolis54youwillseeplasticbagsdistributedfreeindepartmentstoresandsupermarkets.AldermanSamShropshirehasintroducedawell-meaningproposaltobanretailers零售商 55distributingplasticshoppingbagsinMaryland’scapital.Insteadretailerswouldberequiredtoofferbags56recycledpaperandtosellreusablebags.ThecityofBaltimoreisconsideringasimilarmeasure.Opponentsoftheideahoweverarguethat57bagsareharmfultoo:theycostmoretomaketheyconsumemore58totransportandrecyclingthemcausesmorepollutionthanrecyclingplastic.TheargumentfordeprivingAnnapolisresidents居民oftheirplasticbagsis59accepted.Everyoneinthis60isrightaboutonething:disposableshoppingbagsofanytypeare61andthebestoutcomewouldbeforcustomerstoreusebagsinstead.Annapolis’smayorisinvestigatinghowtohandoutfreereusable可以再度使用的shoppingbagstocityresidentsaproposalthatcanproceedregardlessofwhetherotherbagsarebanned.Aless-expensive62wouldbetoencourageretailerstogivediscountstocustomers63bringtheirownreusablebagsapolicythataspokesmanforthesupermarketGiantFoodsaysitschainalreadyhasinplace.Andthispolicywouldbemore64ifstoresimitatedfurnituremega-retailerIkeaandchargedfordisposablebagsatthecheckoutcounter.Abroadbanontheuseofplasticshoppingbagswhichwouldmerelyreplacesomeformsofpollutionwithothersisnotthe65. 51
HowtoDetermineaTopicforResearch Becauseyouaregoingtoputalotofyourtimeandenergyintoyourresearchproject项目thetopicisespeciallyimportant.Inmanyinstancesyourinstructormaygiveaspecific特殊的topic.I[thisisdoneyouhavelittlechoicebutmostinstructorswillpermitorevenwelcomeaslightlychangedfocus中心inatopicifitissupportedbygoodthinking. Insomeofyourclassestheinstructormaypresentasuggestedlistofseveraltopicsfromwhichyouaretomakeachoice.Ifthisisdonedonotsimplyselectthefirstideathatattractsyourattention.Itmaybeonewithwhichyouwillsoonbecomeboredoritmaybeoneonwhichyouwouldhavedifficultyfindingallthenecessaryinformation.Lookingatthetopicstrytoconsiderhowyoumightgoaboutdevelopingeachofthem.Whenyoufindoutwhatseemsespeciallyinterestingandworthwhile值行骄傲的doabitcheckinginthelibrarytoseeifyoucangetthebasicresourcesyouwillneed. Choosingagoodresearchtopicdoesnotnecessarilymeanfindingsomethingthathasalotwrittenaboutit.Manytimesyouwillhavetoresearcharoundatopicinordertofindoutthemostusefulinformation.Excitingandoriginaltopicsoftencometomindbycombiningtwocompletelydifferentinterests.Letussaythatyouareinterestedinchildpsychology心理学的andinsports.Perhapsyoucancombinetheseintoastudyoftheeffectthatiswatching可得到的onthesubjectyoucanresearchthetopicindividuallyandbyputtingyourinformationtogetherthendrawaconclusion. Choosingagoodresearchtopiccertainlyreferstofindingsomethingthathasalotwrittenaboutit.
ThereisalwaysexcitementattheOlympicGameswhenanathletebreaksapreviousrecordofperformance.
{{*HTML*}}A?Findaplacetoworkon??B?Implementingaworkablefilingsystem??C?Whatisagoodfilingsystem??D?Howtoinvestinarollingfilecart??E?Getridofunimportantthings??F?DealingwithbillsParagraph4______
{{*HTML*}}ShouldtheU.S.halthumanspaceflight???????TheColumbiaaccidenthasrevivedthedebateonwhethertherewardsof??????????????humanspaceexplorationareworththerisks.??No.Iwasateacherwhenmenfirstlandedonthemoonin1969andIrememberhowitmovedmystudentsandthiscountry.?46?Andwehaven’tventuredoutwardsincethen.That’s30yearstoolong!America’shumanspace-flightprogramisadriftwithnoclearvisionorgoalsbeyondthecompletionoftheInternationalSpaceStation.??IwantNASAtoestablishaphasedseriesofgoalsoverthenext20yearsincludinghumanvisitstoasteroidsthatcrosstheEarth’sorbitestablishingaresearchandlivingfacilityforhumansonthemoonandhumanexpeditionstothesurfaceofMarsanditsmoons.?47?.??Anastronautistoday’sChristopherColumbuswhosailedintotheunknownanddiscoveredtheAmericas.Theknowledgewegainfromhavingactualpeopleexploringcanneverbereplacedbyrobots.?48?Robotsareusefulbuthumanscandothingsthatrobotscan’t.??Therealobstaclewefaceinovercomingthedriftinthenation’shumanspace-flightprogramisnottechnologicalandit’snotfinancial.?49?.??ThelessonfromtheColumbiaaccidentisnotthathumansdon’tbelonginspace.?50?.A?Insteadweshouldhonorthememoryofthelostastronautsbypushingourexplorationofspacefuture.B?Astronautsarekeytothisexpandedexploration.C?It’sthelackofcommitmenttogetstarted.D?Untilthenweshouldstopriskingpeople’slivesbysendingthemintospace.E?Itisnowmorethan30yearssincethelastAmericanleftthesurfaceofthemoonandreturnedtoEarth.F?Ourabilitytosendhumansintospaceandhavethemreturngivesusamazinginformationaboutourselvesandouruniverse.
HalloweenHalloweenisanautumnholidaythatAmericanscelebrateeveryyear.ItmeansholyeveninganditcomeseveryOctober31theeveningbeforeAll-SaintsDay.Itusedtobethoughtthemostwonderfulnightoftheyear.Itwasthenightwhenwitchesandevilspiritscamebackonearth.Peoplekeptupmanystrangeoldcustomsinanefforttokeeptheseevilthingsaway.Farmersusedtolightbigfiresintheirfieldsandthefarmworkersandtheirfamilieswouldwalkaroundthefieldssingingoldsongs.Sometimestheywouldstoptohearthelocalpriestofferprayerstothegoodspiritsandaskthemtohelpkeeptheevilonesaway.Greatcarewastakenthatnoneofthefarmanimalswereleftinthefields.Theywouldallbelockedupsafelyintheirstablesandovereachofthestabledoorsafewrowanleaveswouldbehung.Witchesandevilspiritswouldnotgoanywhereneartherowantree.InmorerecenttimesHalloweenhasbecomeatimeforthepartieswhenchildrendressupaswitchesandplayallkindsofspecialgames.Afterthegamesthereisoftenabigsupperwithplentyofpumpkinpiecakesandalotofotherdeliciousthingstoeat.ButforthemostpartthechildrenenjoythefunofdressingupandplayingtheirfavoritegameofTrickorTreat.TheyrundowneachstreetknockingonthedoorscryingloudlyTrickorTreat!Moneyoreat!andmostpeoplehavesomesweetsormoneyreadytogivethem.Thosethatdonotcanexpectmaybetohaveatyreflattenedortheirwindowscoveredinsoap.Orthechildrenmayjustknockonthedoorandrunaway.SomechildrenthinkofotherpeopleonHalloween.TheycarryboxesforUNICEFTheUnitedNationsInternationalChildren’sEmergencyFund.Theyaskformoneytohelppoorchildrenallaroundtheworld.OfcourseeverytimetheyhelpUNICEFtheyusuallyreceiveatreatforthemselvestoo.Everyautumnwhenthevegetablesarereadytoeatchildrenpicklargeorangepumpkins.Thentheycutfacesinthepumpkinsandputlightsinside.Itlookslikethereisapersonlookingoutofthepumpkin!Theselightsarecalledjack-o’-lanternswhichmeansJackofthelantern.Butinthismodernagemanyofthepumpkinsarebeingreplacedwithplasticelectriconesthatcanbebroughtouteachyear.WhatdidpriestsdoonHalloween
Medicinedependsonotherfieldsforbasicinformationparticularlysomeoftheirspecializedbranches.
{{*HTML*}}A?thenucleusofacell??B?clonedhumanbeings??C?ahumanbeingintwoyears??D?alawtobanhumancloning??E?areportonhumancloning??F?heavymediacoverageRichardSeedclaimedtobeabletoclone______.
Marycalledmeupverylatelastnight.
PaperorPlastic TakeawalkalongtheChesapeakeBayandyouarelikelytoseeplasticbagsfloatinginthewater.Eversincethesenowubiquitous到处存在的symbolsofAmericansuper-consumptionshowedupinthesupermarketsplasticshoppingbagshavemadetheir51intolocalwaterwaysandfromthereintothebaywheretheycan52wildlife.Pilesofthem-the53takescenturiestodecompose分解--showupinlandfillsandoncitystreets.Plasticbagsalsotakeanenvironmentaltollintheformofmillionsofbarrelsofoilexpendedeveryyeartoproducethem. EnterAnnapolis54youwillseeplasticbagsdistributedfreeindepartmentstoresandsupermarkets.AldermanSamShropshirehasintroducedawell-meaningproposaltobanretailers零售商 55distributingplasticshoppingbagsinMaryland’scapital.Insteadretailerswouldberequiredtoofferbags56recycledpaperandtosellreusablebags.ThecityofBaltimoreisconsideringasimilarmeasure.Opponentsoftheideahoweverarguethat57bagsareharmfultoo:theycostmoretomaketheyconsumemore58totransportandrecyclingthemcausesmorepollutionthanrecyclingplastic.TheargumentfordeprivingAnnapolisresidents居民oftheirplasticbagsis59accepted.Everyoneinthis60isrightaboutonething:disposableshoppingbagsofanytypeare61andthebestoutcomewouldbeforcustomerstoreusebagsinstead.Annapolis’smayorisinvestigatinghowtohandoutfreereusable可以再度使用的shoppingbagstocityresidentsaproposalthatcanproceedregardlessofwhetherotherbagsarebanned.Aless-expensive62wouldbetoencourageretailerstogivediscountstocustomers63bringtheirownreusablebagsapolicythataspokesmanforthesupermarketGiantFoodsaysitschainalreadyhasinplace.Andthispolicywouldbemore64ifstoresimitatedfurnituremega-retailerIkeaandchargedfordisposablebagsatthecheckoutcounter.Abroadbanontheuseofplasticshoppingbagswhichwouldmerelyreplacesomeformsofpollutionwithothersisnotthe65. 53
Inflation Businessandgovernmentleadersalsoconsidertheinflationratetobeanimportantgeneralindicator.Inflationisaperiodofincreasedspendingthatcausesrapidrisesinprices.51yourmoneybuysfewergoodssothatyouget52forthesameamountofmoneyasbeforeinflationistheproblem.Thereisageneralrise53thepriceofgoodsandservices.Yourmoneybuysless.Sometimespeopledescribeinflationasatimewhen"adollarisnotworthadollaranymore". Inflationisaproblemforallconsumers.Peoplewholiveonafixedincomearehurtthe54.Retiredpeopleforinstancecannotcountonanincreaseinincomeaspricesrise.Elderlypeoplewhodonotworkfaceseriousproblemsinstretchingtheirincomesto55theirneedsintimeofinflation.Retirementincome56anyfixedincomeusuallydoesnotriseasfastasprices.Manyretiredpeoplemustcuttheirspendingto57risingprices.Inmanycasestheymuststop58somenecessaryitemssuchasfoodandclothing.Even59workingpeoplewhoseincomesaregoingupinflationcanbeaproblem.The60oflivinggoesuptoo.Peoplewhoworkmusthaveevenmoremoneytokeepuptheirstandardofliving.Justbuyingthethingstheyneedcostsmore.Whenincomesdonotkeep61withrisingpricesthestandardoflivinggoesdown.Peoplemaybeearningthesameamountofmoneybuttheyarenotlivingaswellbecausetheyarenotabletobuyasmanygoodsandservices. Governmentunitsgatherinformationaboutpricesinoureconomyandpublishitaspriceindexes62therateofchangecanbedetermined.Apriceindexmeasureschangesinpricesusingthepricefora63yearasthebase.Thebasepriceissetat100andtheotherpricesarereportedasa64ofthebaseprice.Apriceindexmakes65possibletocomparecurrentpricesoftypicalconsumergoodsforexamplewithpricesofthesamegoodsinpreviousyears. 62
HalloweenHalloweenisanautumnholidaythatAmericanscelebrateeveryyear.ItmeansholyeveninganditcomeseveryOctober31theeveningbeforeAll-SaintsDay.Itusedtobethoughtthemostwonderfulnightoftheyear.Itwasthenightwhenwitchesandevilspiritscamebackonearth.Peoplekeptupmanystrangeoldcustomsinanefforttokeeptheseevilthingsaway.Farmersusedtolightbigfiresintheirfieldsandthefarmworkersandtheirfamilieswouldwalkaroundthefieldssingingoldsongs.Sometimestheywouldstoptohearthelocalpriestofferprayerstothegoodspiritsandaskthemtohelpkeeptheevilonesaway.Greatcarewastakenthatnoneofthefarmanimalswereleftinthefields.Theywouldallbelockedupsafelyintheirstablesandovereachofthestabledoorsafewrowanleaveswouldbehung.Witchesandevilspiritswouldnotgoanywhereneartherowantree.InmorerecenttimesHalloweenhasbecomeatimeforthepartieswhenchildrendressupaswitchesandplayallkindsofspecialgames.Afterthegamesthereisoftenabigsupperwithplentyofpumpkinpiecakesandalotofotherdeliciousthingstoeat.ButforthemostpartthechildrenenjoythefunofdressingupandplayingtheirfavoritegameofTrickorTreat.TheyrundowneachstreetknockingonthedoorscryingloudlyTrickorTreat!Moneyoreat!andmostpeoplehavesomesweetsormoneyreadytogivethem.Thosethatdonotcanexpectmaybetohaveatyreflattenedortheirwindowscoveredinsoap.Orthechildrenmayjustknockonthedoorandrunaway.SomechildrenthinkofotherpeopleonHalloween.TheycarryboxesforUNICEFTheUnitedNationsInternationalChildren’sEmergencyFund.Theyaskformoneytohelppoorchildrenallaroundtheworld.OfcourseeverytimetheyhelpUNICEFtheyusuallyreceiveatreatforthemselvestoo.Everyautumnwhenthevegetablesarereadytoeatchildrenpicklargeorangepumpkins.Thentheycutfacesinthepumpkinsandputlightsinside.Itlookslikethereisapersonlookingoutofthepumpkin!Theselightsarecalledjack-o’-lanternswhichmeansJackofthelantern.Butinthismodernagemanyofthepumpkinsarebeingreplacedwithplasticelectriconesthatcanbebroughtouteachyear.WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutHalloweenisFALSEaccordingtothetext
{{*HTML*}}A?Findaplacetoworkon??B?Implementingaworkablefilingsystem??C?Whatisagoodfilingsystem??D?Howtoinvestinarollingfilecart??E?Getridofunimportantthings??F?DealingwithbillsParagraph2______
EscapingfromtheEarth TheEarthhasaforcethatpullsthingstowarditself.Wecallthisforcegravity地心引力.Thisissomethingwelivewithallthetimeandwetakeitforgrantedandhardlyeverthinkaboutit.Butitisamostimportantfactorinrocketoperationandmustbeovercomeifwearetogetanywhereinspaceoroffthegroundatall. Takethethrowingofahallasanexample.Thehardertheballisthrownthefasterandhigheritwillgo.WhatisthesecretItsspeed.Ifwecouldthrowtheballhardenoughitwouldgoupandupforeverandnevercomedown.Thespeedatwhichitwouldhavetobethrowntodothisisknownasescapespeed.OfcoursewecannotthrowaballhardenoughbecausethespeedrequiredtoescapecompletelyfromtheEarth’sgravityissevenmilespersecondorovertwenty-fivethousandmilesperhour. Onceescapespeedhasbeenreachedbyaspacecraft宇宙飞船nofurtherpowerisneeded.ArocketaimedattheMoonforinstancewill"coast"滑行therestofthewaybecausetheEarth’sgravitycannotthenpullitbackandthereisnoairresistance阻力inspacetoslowitdown.This"coasting"isknownas"freefall".ThatdoesnotmeantherocketisfallingdowntowardstheEarthbutthatitistravelingfreelyinspacewithouttheaidofpowerlikeabicyclecoastingdownhill. Freefallisanimportantfeatureofspacetravel:itwouldbeimpossibletocarryenoughfueltoprovidepoweredflightallthetime. AsthereisalwaystheEarth’sgravitational地心引力的pullpeople.
HowtoDetermineaTopicforResearch Becauseyouaregoingtoputalotofyourtimeandenergyintoyourresearchproject项目thetopicisespeciallyimportant.Inmanyinstancesyourinstructormaygiveaspecific特殊的topic.I[thisisdoneyouhavelittlechoicebutmostinstructorswillpermitorevenwelcomeaslightlychangedfocus中心inatopicifitissupportedbygoodthinking. Insomeofyourclassestheinstructormaypresentasuggestedlistofseveraltopicsfromwhichyouaretomakeachoice.Ifthisisdonedonotsimplyselectthefirstideathatattractsyourattention.Itmaybeonewithwhichyouwillsoonbecomeboredoritmaybeoneonwhichyouwouldhavedifficultyfindingallthenecessaryinformation.Lookingatthetopicstrytoconsiderhowyoumightgoaboutdevelopingeachofthem.Whenyoufindoutwhatseemsespeciallyinterestingandworthwhile值行骄傲的doabitcheckinginthelibrarytoseeifyoucangetthebasicresourcesyouwillneed. Choosingagoodresearchtopicdoesnotnecessarilymeanfindingsomethingthathasalotwrittenaboutit.Manytimesyouwillhavetoresearcharoundatopicinordertofindoutthemostusefulinformation.Excitingandoriginaltopicsoftencometomindbycombiningtwocompletelydifferentinterests.Letussaythatyouareinterestedinchildpsychology心理学的andinsports.Perhapsyoucancombinetheseintoastudyoftheeffectthatiswatching可得到的onthesubjectyoucanresearchthetopicindividuallyandbyputtingyourinformationtogetherthendrawaconclusion. Youcanresearchthetopicbycooperatingwithothers.
Webadalongconversationaboutherparents.
EscapingfromtheEarth TheEarthhasaforcethatpullsthingstowarditself.Wecallthisforcegravity地心引力.Thisissomethingwelivewithallthetimeandwetakeitforgrantedandhardlyeverthinkaboutit.Butitisamostimportantfactorinrocketoperationandmustbeovercomeifwearetogetanywhereinspaceoroffthegroundatall. Takethethrowingofahallasanexample.Thehardertheballisthrownthefasterandhigheritwillgo.WhatisthesecretItsspeed.Ifwecouldthrowtheballhardenoughitwouldgoupandupforeverandnevercomedown.Thespeedatwhichitwouldhavetobethrowntodothisisknownasescapespeed.OfcoursewecannotthrowaballhardenoughbecausethespeedrequiredtoescapecompletelyfromtheEarth’sgravityissevenmilespersecondorovertwenty-fivethousandmilesperhour. Onceescapespeedhasbeenreachedbyaspacecraft宇宙飞船nofurtherpowerisneeded.ArocketaimedattheMoonforinstancewill"coast"滑行therestofthewaybecausetheEarth’sgravitycannotthenpullitbackandthereisnoairresistance阻力inspacetoslowitdown.This"coasting"isknownas"freefall".ThatdoesnotmeantherocketisfallingdowntowardstheEarthbutthatitistravelingfreelyinspacewithouttheaidofpowerlikeabicyclecoastingdownhill. Freefallisanimportantfeatureofspacetravel:itwouldbeimpossibletocarryenoughfueltoprovidepoweredflightallthetime. WhatisthemostimportantfactorforarockettoescapefromtheEarth
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