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Pain ? ?All of us have felt pain. We have cut ourselves. We have been burned. Or we have had headach...
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????????????????????Pain??Allofushavefeltpain.weha
? ?阅读下面的短文文章中有5处空白文章后有6组文字请根据文章的内容选择5组文字将其分别放回文章原
Pain??Allofushavefeltpain.Wehavecutourselves.Wehav
? ?阅读下面的短文文章中有5处空白文章后有6组文字请根据文章的内容选择5组文字将其分别放回文章原
PainAllofushavefeltpain.Wehavecutourselves.Wehaveb
PainAllofushavefeltpain.Wehavecutourselves.Wehaveb
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{{*HTML*}}A.Historyofthecity??B.Industriesofthecity??C.Populationgrowth??D.Education??E.Culturalcenter??F.ImmigrationParagraph5______
Adreamusuallyconsistsofvisualimagesthattellastory.
ChangesinMuseums Museumshavechanged.Theyarenolongerplacesthatone"should"visittheyareplacestoenjoyandlearn. AtasciencemuseuminOntarioCanadayoucanfeelyourhairstandonendasharmlesselectricitypassesthroughyourbody.AttheMetropolitan大城市的MuseumofArtinNewYorkCityyoucanlookattheseventeenthcenturyinstrumentswhilelisteningtotheirmusic.AtNewYork’sAmericanMuseumofNaturalHistoryrecentlyyoucanhelpmakeabone-by-honereproductionofthemuseum’sdinosaur恐龙abeastthatlived200millionyearsage.Moreandmoremuseumdirectorsarerealizingthatpeoplelearnbestwhentheycansomehowbecomepartofwhattheyareseeing.Inmanysciencemuseumsforexampletherearenoguidedtours.Thevisitorisencouragedtotouchlistenoperateandexperimentsoastodiscoverscientificprinciplesforhimself.Thepurposeisnotonlytoprovidefunbutalsotohelppeoplefeelathomeintheworldofscience.Thetheoryisthatpeoplewhodonotunderstandsciencewillprobablyfearitandthosewhofearsciencewillnotuseittobestadvantage.Onecauseofallthesechangesistheincreaseinwealthandleisuretime.Anothercauseistherisingpercentageofyoungpeopleinthepopulation.Manyoftheseyoungpeoplearecollegestudentsorcollegegraduates.LeonF.Twiggsayoungblackprofessorofartoncesaid"TheyseethingsinanewanddifferentwayTheyarenotsatisfiedtostandandlookatworksofart;theywantarttheycanparticipate参加in."Thesameistrueofscienceandhistory. Youngpeoplewhoarewell-educatedlikethearttheycanparticipatein.
{{*HTML*}}A.Historyofthecity??B.Industriesofthecity??C.Populationgrowth??D.Education??E.Culturalcenter??F.ImmigrationParagraph3______
ChangesinMuseums Museumshavechanged.Theyarenolongerplacesthatone"should"visittheyareplacestoenjoyandlearn. AtasciencemuseuminOntarioCanadayoucanfeelyourhairstandonendasharmlesselectricitypassesthroughyourbody.AttheMetropolitan大城市的MuseumofArtinNewYorkCityyoucanlookattheseventeenthcenturyinstrumentswhilelisteningtotheirmusic.AtNewYork’sAmericanMuseumofNaturalHistoryrecentlyyoucanhelpmakeabone-by-honereproductionofthemuseum’sdinosaur恐龙abeastthatlived200millionyearsage.Moreandmoremuseumdirectorsarerealizingthatpeoplelearnbestwhentheycansomehowbecomepartofwhattheyareseeing.Inmanysciencemuseumsforexampletherearenoguidedtours.Thevisitorisencouragedtotouchlistenoperateandexperimentsoastodiscoverscientificprinciplesforhimself.Thepurposeisnotonlytoprovidefunbutalsotohelppeoplefeelathomeintheworldofscience.Thetheoryisthatpeoplewhodonotunderstandsciencewillprobablyfearitandthosewhofearsciencewillnotuseittobestadvantage.Onecauseofallthesechangesistheincreaseinwealthandleisuretime.Anothercauseistherisingpercentageofyoungpeopleinthepopulation.Manyoftheseyoungpeoplearecollegestudentsorcollegegraduates.LeonF.Twiggsayoungblackprofessorofartoncesaid"TheyseethingsinanewanddifferentwayTheyarenotsatisfiedtostandandlookatworksofart;theywantarttheycanparticipate参加in."Thesameistrueofscienceandhistory. InAmericatodayallsciencemuseumsareopentothepublicandfree.
SmokingCanIncreaseDepressiveSymptomsinTeens Whilesometeenagersmaypuffoncigarettesto"self-medicate"againstthebluesscientistsattheUniversityofTorontoandtheUniversityofMontrealhavefoundthatsmokingmayactually51depressivesymptomsinsometeens. "Thisobservationalstudyisoneofthefewtoexaminetheperceived52benefitsofsmokingamongteens"saysleadresearcherMichaelChaitonaresearchassociateattheOntarioTobaccoResearchUnitoftheUniversityofToronto."53cigarettesmayappeartohaveself-medicating54ortoimprovemoodinthelongtermwefoundthatteenswhostartedtosmokereportedhigherdepressivesymptoms.". Aspartofthestudysome662highschoolteenagerscompletedupto20questionnaires55theiruseofcigarettestoaffectmood.SecondaryschoolswereselectedtoprovideamixofFrenchandEnglishparticipantsurbanandruralschoolsandschools56inhighmoderateandlowsocio-economicneighbourhoods. Participantsweredividedintothree57:neversmokers;smokerswhodidnotusecigarettestoself-medicateimprovemoodorphysical58;smokerswhousedcigarettestoself-medicate.Depressivesymptomsweremeasuredusingascalethataskedhowfelttoofiredtodothings:had59goingtosleeporstaying60;feltunhappysadordepressed;felthopelessaboutthefuture;feltvexedantsyortense;andworriedtoomuchaboutthings. "Smokerswhousedcigarettesasmood61hadhigherrisksofelevateddepressivesymptomsthanteenswhohadneversmoked"saysco-researcherJenniferO’LoughlinaprofessorattheUniversityofMontrealDepartmentofSocialandPreventiveMedicine."Ourstudyfoundthatteensmokerswhoreportedemotionalbenefitsfromsmokingareathigherriskof62depressivesymptoms." The63betweendepressionandsmokingexists64amongteensthatusecigarettestofeelbetter."It’s65toemphasizethatdepressivesymptomscoreswerehigheramongteenagerswhoreportedemotionalbenefitsfromsmokingaftertheybegantosmoke"saysDr.Chaiton. 64
{{*HTML*}}A.AtmosphericScientists??B.TheCalculationsMadeattheBerlinWorkshop??C.ThePreviousCalculationsoftheEffectofAerosols??D.TheScientists’Agreement??E.TheAuthoritativeConclusion??F.GreenhouseGasesParagraph5______
SmokingCanIncreaseDepressiveSymptomsinTeens Whilesometeenagersmaypuffoncigarettesto"self-medicate"againstthebluesscientistsattheUniversityofTorontoandtheUniversityofMontrealhavefoundthatsmokingmayactually51depressivesymptomsinsometeens. "Thisobservationalstudyisoneofthefewtoexaminetheperceived52benefitsofsmokingamongteens"saysleadresearcherMichaelChaitonaresearchassociateattheOntarioTobaccoResearchUnitoftheUniversityofToronto."53cigarettesmayappeartohaveself-medicating54ortoimprovemoodinthelongtermwefoundthatteenswhostartedtosmokereportedhigherdepressivesymptoms.". Aspartofthestudysome662highschoolteenagerscompletedupto20questionnaires55theiruseofcigarettestoaffectmood.SecondaryschoolswereselectedtoprovideamixofFrenchandEnglishparticipantsurbanandruralschoolsandschools56inhighmoderateandlowsocio-economicneighbourhoods. Participantsweredividedintothree57:neversmokers;smokerswhodidnotusecigarettestoself-medicateimprovemoodorphysical58;smokerswhousedcigarettestoself-medicate.Depressivesymptomsweremeasuredusingascalethataskedhowfelttoofiredtodothings:had59goingtosleeporstaying60;feltunhappysadordepressed;felthopelessaboutthefuture;feltvexedantsyortense;andworriedtoomuchaboutthings. "Smokerswhousedcigarettesasmood61hadhigherrisksofelevateddepressivesymptomsthanteenswhohadneversmoked"saysco-researcherJenniferO’LoughlinaprofessorattheUniversityofMontrealDepartmentofSocialandPreventiveMedicine."Ourstudyfoundthatteensmokerswhoreportedemotionalbenefitsfromsmokingareathigherriskof62depressivesymptoms." The63betweendepressionandsmokingexists64amongteensthatusecigarettestofeelbetter."It’s65toemphasizethatdepressivesymptomscoreswerehigheramongteenagerswhoreportedemotionalbenefitsfromsmokingaftertheybegantosmoke"saysDr.Chaiton. 52
{{*HTML*}}TableMannersandCustoms??InGreatBritaintodaygoodmannersattableincludeeatingwiththemouthclosed;notlettinganyofthefoodfallofftheplate;usingtheknifeonlyforcutting;andnottryingtotakefoodacrossthetable.?46?.IndeedwhatareconsideredgoodtablemannersinsomeothercountriesarewhatBritishpeopletryhardesttoavoid.?47?.???48?.TablesandchairshavereplacedthecushionsofthepastandtheladyofthehousepresidesatoneendofthetableinthesamewaythatWesternwomendo.?ManyJapanesehoweverstillfeelitwouldbewrongtoeatunlesstheyweresittingonacushionbeforealowtablewithatrayoffoodonit.InmanypartsoftheworldbothtraditionalandWesternstylesofeatingexistsidebyside.???49?.InNorthAmericaitispolitetocutupmeatandthenputtheknifedownlaketheforkintherighthandandeatwithit.MostEuropeanpeopleliketheBritishkeeptheforkinthelefthandandtheknifeintherightallthetimewhentheyareeatingfoodthathastobecut.IntheBritishIslesandScandinaviaNorwaySwedenDenmarkandIcelandspecialknivesandforksareusedforeatingfish.?50?.??A.InFranceBelgiumandItalyhoweveritiscorrecttokeepthesameknifeforeverycoursewipingitonapieceofbread.??B.InotherpartsoftheworldtherearealsorulesforpeopletofollowwhentheyareeatingbuttheyarenotthesameasthoseofBritain.??C.ThericherandmoreeducatedpeopleintheEasthave’howevertoagreatextenttakenupthetablemannersandcustomsofWesternpeople.??D.InArabiaforinstancethepeopleatafeasttakepiecesoffoodwiththeirfingersandbelchloudlytoshowthattheyhaveappreciatecdit.??E.Tablemannersandcustomshavechangedalotwiththetime.??F.IntheWesttherearedifferencesbetweentablemannersinvariouscountriesalthoughtheyarenotsomarked.
LackofSleepIncreasestheRiskofCatchingaColdAscoldseasonapproachesmanyAmericansstockupontheirvitaminCandEchinacea紫锥花精油.Butfallowingtheage-oldadviceaboutcatchinguponsleepmightbemoreimportant.Studieshavedemonstratedthatpoorsleepandsusceptibility易受影响tocoldsgohandinhandandscientiststhinkitcouldbeareflectionoftherolesleepplaysinmaintainingthebody’sdefenses.InarecentstudyfortheArchivesofInternalMedicinescientistsfollowed153menandwomenfortwoweekskeepingmackoftheirqualityanddurationofsleep.Thenduringafive-dayperiodtheyquarantined进行检疫隔离thesubjectsandexposedthemtocoldviruses.Thosewhosleptanaverageoffewerthansevenhoursanightitturnedoutwerethreetimesaslikelytogetsickasthosewhoaveragedatleasteighthours.Sleepandimmunityitseemsaretightlylinked.Studieshavefoundthatmammalsthatrequirethemostsleepalsoproducegreaterlevelsofdisease-fightingwhitebloodcells--butnotredbloodcellseventhoughbothareproducedinbonemarrow骨髓andstemfromthesameprecursor前体物.AndresearchersattheMaxPlanckInstituteforEvolutionaryAnthropologyhaveshownthatspeciesthatsleepmorehavegreaterresistanceagainstpathogens病原体.SpeciesthathaveevolvedlongersleepdurationsthePlanckscientistswroteappeartobeabletoincreaseinvestmentintheirimmunesystemsandbebetterprotected./Howlongdidtheexperimentlastaccordingtopassage
AnindependentinquiryintooutofhoursservicesoffamilydoctorsinScotlandhasconcludedthattheintroductionofGPcooperativeshasbeenapositivedevelopmentthatisbenefitingbothpatientsanddoctors. Theworkinggroupthatdrewupthereporthoweverhasexpressedsomeconcernaboutthetreatmentofchildrenanddifficultiesfacedbysomepatientsinarrangingtheirowntransporttotraveltoemergencycenters.ImprovementsarebeingsoughtbytheScottishOfficeontheseissuestoimprovethequalityfairnessandresponsivenessofthesystem. TheinquirywaspromptedbythedeathsoftwobabiesinAyrshireafterthelocalcooperativeAyrshireDoctorsonCallprovidedtelephoneadvicebutdeclinedrequestsforhomevisits.Parentsofthedeadchildrencriticizedthecooperativeforfailingtosendoutadoctor. Theparentssupportedacampaignthatcalledforautomatichomevisitstobeprovidedforcertaingroupsofpatientssuchaschildrenandelderlypeople.Thatideahasbeenrejectedbytheinquiryteamwhichsaidthatneitherpatientnorprofessionalgroupsacceptedthevalueofpoliciesthatwouldprovideautomatichomevisits.Insteaditisrecommendedthatcooperativescarryoutmoreeffectivemonitoringoftreatmentforchildrenincludingreviewingcomplaintsandcriticalincidents. ThefirstGPcooperativeswereformedthreeyearsagototakeoveroutofhourscallsfromindividualpracticesbuttheywereestablishedwithdifferentworkingpractices.Thereportnotesthatvariationexistsintransportarrangementswithsomecooperativesprovidingfreetransporttoemergencycentersandothersrequiringpeopleoftenmaketheirownarrangements.Healthboardhavebeenorderedtoreportonthefairnessoftransportarrangementsintheirarea. Guidelinesarealsotobeintroducedtoensurethatcooperativesareworkingtosimilarhighstandards.Theywillincludearrangementsthatwillallowpatientstomakecontactwithanoutofhoursservicewithasinglephonecall.InitiativesarealsoplannedtohelpGPsinruralareaswhohavebeenunabletobenefitfromthedevelopmentofcooperatives.Anextra540000isbeingprovidedtopayforthesedevelopments. TheworldissuesisLine3Paragraph2canmostlybereplacedby.
SmokingCanIncreaseDepressiveSymptomsinTeens Whilesometeenagersmaypuffoncigarettesto"self-medicate"againstthebluesscientistsattheUniversityofTorontoandtheUniversityofMontrealhavefoundthatsmokingmayactually51depressivesymptomsinsometeens. "Thisobservationalstudyisoneofthefewtoexaminetheperceived52benefitsofsmokingamongteens"saysleadresearcherMichaelChaitonaresearchassociateattheOntarioTobaccoResearchUnitoftheUniversityofToronto."53cigarettesmayappeartohaveself-medicating54ortoimprovemoodinthelongtermwefoundthatteenswhostartedtosmokereportedhigherdepressivesymptoms.". Aspartofthestudysome662highschoolteenagerscompletedupto20questionnaires55theiruseofcigarettestoaffectmood.SecondaryschoolswereselectedtoprovideamixofFrenchandEnglishparticipantsurbanandruralschoolsandschools56inhighmoderateandlowsocio-economicneighbourhoods. Participantsweredividedintothree57:neversmokers;smokerswhodidnotusecigarettestoself-medicateimprovemoodorphysical58;smokerswhousedcigarettestoself-medicate.Depressivesymptomsweremeasuredusingascalethataskedhowfelttoofiredtodothings:had59goingtosleeporstaying60;feltunhappysadordepressed;felthopelessaboutthefuture;feltvexedantsyortense;andworriedtoomuchaboutthings. "Smokerswhousedcigarettesasmood61hadhigherrisksofelevateddepressivesymptomsthanteenswhohadneversmoked"saysco-researcherJenniferO’LoughlinaprofessorattheUniversityofMontrealDepartmentofSocialandPreventiveMedicine."Ourstudyfoundthatteensmokerswhoreportedemotionalbenefitsfromsmokingareathigherriskof62depressivesymptoms." The63betweendepressionandsmokingexists64amongteensthatusecigarettestofeelbetter."It’s65toemphasizethatdepressivesymptomscoreswerehigheramongteenagerswhoreportedemotionalbenefitsfromsmokingaftertheybegantosmoke"saysDr.Chaiton. 54
{{*HTML*}}TableMannersandCustoms??InGreatBritaintodaygoodmannersattableincludeeatingwiththemouthclosed;notlettinganyofthefoodfallofftheplate;usingtheknifeonlyforcutting;andnottryingtotakefoodacrossthetable.?46?.IndeedwhatareconsideredgoodtablemannersinsomeothercountriesarewhatBritishpeopletryhardesttoavoid.?47?.???48?.TablesandchairshavereplacedthecushionsofthepastandtheladyofthehousepresidesatoneendofthetableinthesamewaythatWesternwomendo.?ManyJapanesehoweverstillfeelitwouldbewrongtoeatunlesstheyweresittingonacushionbeforealowtablewithatrayoffoodonit.InmanypartsoftheworldbothtraditionalandWesternstylesofeatingexistsidebyside.???49?.InNorthAmericaitispolitetocutupmeatandthenputtheknifedownlaketheforkintherighthandandeatwithit.MostEuropeanpeopleliketheBritishkeeptheforkinthelefthandandtheknifeintherightallthetimewhentheyareeatingfoodthathastobecut.IntheBritishIslesandScandinaviaNorwaySwedenDenmarkandIcelandspecialknivesandforksareusedforeatingfish.?50?.??A.InFranceBelgiumandItalyhoweveritiscorrecttokeepthesameknifeforeverycoursewipingitonapieceofbread.??B.InotherpartsoftheworldtherearealsorulesforpeopletofollowwhentheyareeatingbuttheyarenotthesameasthoseofBritain.??C.ThericherandmoreeducatedpeopleintheEasthave’howevertoagreatextenttakenupthetablemannersandcustomsofWesternpeople.??D.InArabiaforinstancethepeopleatafeasttakepiecesoffoodwiththeirfingersandbelchloudlytoshowthattheyhaveappreciatecdit.??E.Tablemannersandcustomshavechangedalotwiththetime.??F.IntheWesttherearedifferencesbetweentablemannersinvariouscountriesalthoughtheyarenotsomarked.
Withoutregularsuppliesofsomehormonesourcapacitytobehavewouldbeseriouslyimpaired;withoutotherswewouldsoondie.Tinyamountsofsomehormonescanmodifyourmoodsandouractionourinclinationtoeatordrinkouraggressivenessorsubmissivenessandourreproductiveandparentalbehavior.Andhormonesdomorethaninfluenceadultbehavior;earlyinlifetheyhelptodeterminethedevelopmentofbodilyformandmayevendetermineanindividual’sbehavioralcapacities.Laterinlifethechangingoutputsofsomeendocrineglandsandthebody’schangingsensitivitytosomehormonesareessentialaspectsofthephenomenaofaging. Communicationwithinthebodyandtheconsequentintegrationofbehaviorwereconsideredtheexclusiveprovinceofthenervoussystemuptothebeginningofthepresentcentury.TheemergenceofendocrinologyasaseparatedisciplinecanprobablebetracedtotheexperimentsofBaylissandStarlingonthehormonesecretion.Thissubstanceissecretedfromcellsintheintestinalwallswhenfoodentersthestomach;ittravelsthroughthebloodstreamandstimulatesthepancreastoliberatepancreaticjuicewhichaidsindigestion.ByshowingthatspecialcellssecretechemicalagentsthatareconveyedbythebloodstreamandregulatedistanttargetorgansortissuesBaylissandStarlingdemonstratedthatchemicalintegrationcanoccurwithoutparticipationofthenervoussystem. Theterm"hormone"wasfirstusedwithreferencetosecretion.StarlingderivedthetermfromtheGreekhormonemeaning"toexcitedorsetinmotion."Theterm"endocrine"wasintroducedshortlythereafter"Endocrine"isusedtorefertoglandsthatsecreteproductsintothebloodstream.Theterm"endocrine"contrastswith"exocrine"whichisappliedtoglandsthatsecretetheirproductsthroughductstothesiteofaction.Examplesofexocrineglandsarethetearglandsthesweatglandsandthepancreaswhichsecretespancreaticjuicethroughaductintointestine.Exocrineglandsarealsocalledductglandswhileendocrineglandsarecalledductless. WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedasaneffectofhormones
Withoutregularsuppliesofsomehormonesourcapacitytobehavewouldbeseriouslyimpaired;withoutotherswewouldsoondie.Tinyamountsofsomehormonescanmodifyourmoodsandouractionourinclinationtoeatordrinkouraggressivenessorsubmissivenessandourreproductiveandparentalbehavior.Andhormonesdomorethaninfluenceadultbehavior;earlyinlifetheyhelptodeterminethedevelopmentofbodilyformandmayevendetermineanindividual’sbehavioralcapacities.Laterinlifethechangingoutputsofsomeendocrineglandsandthebody’schangingsensitivitytosomehormonesareessentialaspectsofthephenomenaofaging. Communicationwithinthebodyandtheconsequentintegrationofbehaviorwereconsideredtheexclusiveprovinceofthenervoussystemuptothebeginningofthepresentcentury.TheemergenceofendocrinologyasaseparatedisciplinecanprobablebetracedtotheexperimentsofBaylissandStarlingonthehormonesecretion.Thissubstanceissecretedfromcellsintheintestinalwallswhenfoodentersthestomach;ittravelsthroughthebloodstreamandstimulatesthepancreastoliberatepancreaticjuicewhichaidsindigestion.ByshowingthatspecialcellssecretechemicalagentsthatareconveyedbythebloodstreamandregulatedistanttargetorgansortissuesBaylissandStarlingdemonstratedthatchemicalintegrationcanoccurwithoutparticipationofthenervoussystem. Theterm"hormone"wasfirstusedwithreferencetosecretion.StarlingderivedthetermfromtheGreekhormonemeaning"toexcitedorsetinmotion."Theterm"endocrine"wasintroducedshortlythereafter"Endocrine"isusedtorefertoglandsthatsecreteproductsintothebloodstream.Theterm"endocrine"contrastswith"exocrine"whichisappliedtoglandsthatsecretetheirproductsthroughductstothesiteofaction.Examplesofexocrineglandsarethetearglandsthesweatglandsandthepancreaswhichsecretespancreaticjuicethroughaductintointestine.Exocrineglandsarealsocalledductglandswhileendocrineglandsarecalledductless. ThewordaggressivenessinPara.1sentence2isclosestinmeaning.
Thearticlesketchedthemajoreventsofthedecade.
LackofSleepIncreasestheRiskofCatchingaCold AscoldseasonapproachesmanyAmericansstockupontheirvitaminCandEchinacea紫锥花精油.Butfallowingtheage-oldadviceaboutcatchinguponsleepmightbemoreimportant. Studieshavedemonstratedthatpoorsleepandsusceptibility易受影响tocoldsgohandinhandandscientiststhinkitcouldbeareflectionoftherolesleepplaysinmaintainingthebody’sdefenses. InarecentstudyfortheArchivesofInternalMedicinescientistsfollowed153menandwomenfortwoweekskeepingmackoftheirqualityanddurationofsleep.Thenduringafive-dayperiodtheyquarantined进行检疫隔离thesubjectsandexposedthemtocoldviruses.Thosewhosleptanaverageoffewerthansevenhoursanightitturnedoutwerethreetimesaslikelytogetsickasthosewhoaveragedatleasteighthours. Sleepandimmunityitseemsaretightlylinked.Studieshavefoundthatmammalsthatrequirethemostsleepalsoproducegreaterlevelsofdisease-fightingwhitebloodcells--butnotredbloodcellseventhoughbothareproducedinbonemarrow骨髓andstemfromthesameprecursor前体物.AndresearchersattheMaxPlanckInstituteforEvolutionaryAnthropologyhaveshownthatspeciesthatsleepmorehavegreaterresistanceagainstpathogens病原体. "Speciesthathaveevolvedlongersleepdurations"thePlanckscientistswrote"appeartobeabletoincreaseinvestmentintheirimmunesystemsandbebetterprotected./ Whereiswhitebloodcellsproduced
ChangesinMuseums Museumshavechanged.Theyarenolongerplacesthatone"should"visittheyareplacestoenjoyandlearn. AtasciencemuseuminOntarioCanadayoucanfeelyourhairstandonendasharmlesselectricitypassesthroughyourbody.AttheMetropolitan大城市的MuseumofArtinNewYorkCityyoucanlookattheseventeenthcenturyinstrumentswhilelisteningtotheirmusic.AtNewYork’sAmericanMuseumofNaturalHistoryrecentlyyoucanhelpmakeabone-by-honereproductionofthemuseum’sdinosaur恐龙abeastthatlived200millionyearsage.Moreandmoremuseumdirectorsarerealizingthatpeoplelearnbestwhentheycansomehowbecomepartofwhattheyareseeing.Inmanysciencemuseumsforexampletherearenoguidedtours.Thevisitorisencouragedtotouchlistenoperateandexperimentsoastodiscoverscientificprinciplesforhimself.Thepurposeisnotonlytoprovidefunbutalsotohelppeoplefeelathomeintheworldofscience.Thetheoryisthatpeoplewhodonotunderstandsciencewillprobablyfearitandthosewhofearsciencewillnotuseittobestadvantage.Onecauseofallthesechangesistheincreaseinwealthandleisuretime.Anothercauseistherisingpercentageofyoungpeopleinthepopulation.Manyoftheseyoungpeoplearecollegestudentsorcollegegraduates.LeonF.Twiggsayoungblackprofessorofartoncesaid"TheyseethingsinanewanddifferentwayTheyarenotsatisfiedtostandandlookatworksofart;theywantarttheycanparticipate参加in."Thesameistrueofscienceandhistory. Insciencemuseumsnowadaysvisitorsarenotallowedtotouchoroperatetheobjectsondisplay.
SmokingCanIncreaseDepressiveSymptomsinTeens Whilesometeenagersmaypuffoncigarettesto"self-medicate"againstthebluesscientistsattheUniversityofTorontoandtheUniversityofMontrealhavefoundthatsmokingmayactually51depressivesymptomsinsometeens. "Thisobservationalstudyisoneofthefewtoexaminetheperceived52benefitsofsmokingamongteens"saysleadresearcherMichaelChaitonaresearchassociateattheOntarioTobaccoResearchUnitoftheUniversityofToronto."53cigarettesmayappeartohaveself-medicating54ortoimprovemoodinthelongtermwefoundthatteenswhostartedtosmokereportedhigherdepressivesymptoms.". Aspartofthestudysome662highschoolteenagerscompletedupto20questionnaires55theiruseofcigarettestoaffectmood.SecondaryschoolswereselectedtoprovideamixofFrenchandEnglishparticipantsurbanandruralschoolsandschools56inhighmoderateandlowsocio-economicneighbourhoods. Participantsweredividedintothree57:neversmokers;smokerswhodidnotusecigarettestoself-medicateimprovemoodorphysical58;smokerswhousedcigarettestoself-medicate.Depressivesymptomsweremeasuredusingascalethataskedhowfelttoofiredtodothings:had59goingtosleeporstaying60;feltunhappysadordepressed;felthopelessaboutthefuture;feltvexedantsyortense;andworriedtoomuchaboutthings. "Smokerswhousedcigarettesasmood61hadhigherrisksofelevateddepressivesymptomsthanteenswhohadneversmoked"saysco-researcherJenniferO’LoughlinaprofessorattheUniversityofMontrealDepartmentofSocialandPreventiveMedicine."Ourstudyfoundthatteensmokerswhoreportedemotionalbenefitsfromsmokingareathigherriskof62depressivesymptoms." The63betweendepressionandsmokingexists64amongteensthatusecigarettestofeelbetter."It’s65toemphasizethatdepressivesymptomscoreswerehigheramongteenagerswhoreportedemotionalbenefitsfromsmokingaftertheybegantosmoke"saysDr.Chaiton. 60
AnindependentinquiryintooutofhoursservicesoffamilydoctorsinScotlandhasconcludedthattheintroductionofGPcooperativeshasbeenapositivedevelopmentthatisbenefitingbothpatientsanddoctors. Theworkinggroupthatdrewupthereporthoweverhasexpressedsomeconcernaboutthetreatmentofchildrenanddifficultiesfacedbysomepatientsinarrangingtheirowntransporttotraveltoemergencycenters.ImprovementsarebeingsoughtbytheScottishOfficeontheseissuestoimprovethequalityfairnessandresponsivenessofthesystem. TheinquirywaspromptedbythedeathsoftwobabiesinAyrshireafterthelocalcooperativeAyrshireDoctorsonCallprovidedtelephoneadvicebutdeclinedrequestsforhomevisits.Parentsofthedeadchildrencriticizedthecooperativeforfailingtosendoutadoctor. Theparentssupportedacampaignthatcalledforautomatichomevisitstobeprovidedforcertaingroupsofpatientssuchaschildrenandelderlypeople.Thatideahasbeenrejectedbytheinquiryteamwhichsaidthatneitherpatientnorprofessionalgroupsacceptedthevalueofpoliciesthatwouldprovideautomatichomevisits.Insteaditisrecommendedthatcooperativescarryoutmoreeffectivemonitoringoftreatmentforchildrenincludingreviewingcomplaintsandcriticalincidents. ThefirstGPcooperativeswereformedthreeyearsagototakeoveroutofhourscallsfromindividualpracticesbuttheywereestablishedwithdifferentworkingpractices.Thereportnotesthatvariationexistsintransportarrangementswithsomecooperativesprovidingfreetransporttoemergencycentersandothersrequiringpeopleoftenmaketheirownarrangements.Healthboardhavebeenorderedtoreportonthefairnessoftransportarrangementsintheirarea. Guidelinesarealsotobeintroducedtoensurethatcooperativesareworkingtosimilarhighstandards.Theywillincludearrangementsthatwillallowpatientstomakecontactwithanoutofhoursservicewithasinglephonecall.InitiativesarealsoplannedtohelpGPsinruralareaswhohavebeenunabletobenefitfromthedevelopmentofcooperatives.Anextra540000isbeingprovidedtopayforthesedevelopments. Thefollowingstatementsconformtothepassageexcept.
Andersonleftthetableremarkingthathehadsomeworktodo.
SmokingCanIncreaseDepressiveSymptomsinTeens Whilesometeenagersmaypuffoncigarettesto"self-medicate"againstthebluesscientistsattheUniversityofTorontoandtheUniversityofMontrealhavefoundthatsmokingmayactually51depressivesymptomsinsometeens. "Thisobservationalstudyisoneofthefewtoexaminetheperceived52benefitsofsmokingamongteens"saysleadresearcherMichaelChaitonaresearchassociateattheOntarioTobaccoResearchUnitoftheUniversityofToronto."53cigarettesmayappeartohaveself-medicating54ortoimprovemoodinthelongtermwefoundthatteenswhostartedtosmokereportedhigherdepressivesymptoms.". Aspartofthestudysome662highschoolteenagerscompletedupto20questionnaires55theiruseofcigarettestoaffectmood.SecondaryschoolswereselectedtoprovideamixofFrenchandEnglishparticipantsurbanandruralschoolsandschools56inhighmoderateandlowsocio-economicneighbourhoods. Participantsweredividedintothree57:neversmokers;smokerswhodidnotusecigarettestoself-medicateimprovemoodorphysical58;smokerswhousedcigarettestoself-medicate.Depressivesymptomsweremeasuredusingascalethataskedhowfelttoofiredtodothings:had59goingtosleeporstaying60;feltunhappysadordepressed;felthopelessaboutthefuture;feltvexedantsyortense;andworriedtoomuchaboutthings. "Smokerswhousedcigarettesasmood61hadhigherrisksofelevateddepressivesymptomsthanteenswhohadneversmoked"saysco-researcherJenniferO’LoughlinaprofessorattheUniversityofMontrealDepartmentofSocialandPreventiveMedicine."Ourstudyfoundthatteensmokerswhoreportedemotionalbenefitsfromsmokingareathigherriskof62depressivesymptoms." The63betweendepressionandsmokingexists64amongteensthatusecigarettestofeelbetter."It’s65toemphasizethatdepressivesymptomscoreswerehigheramongteenagerswhoreportedemotionalbenefitsfromsmokingaftertheybegantosmoke"saysDr.Chaiton. 56
{{*HTML*}}TableMannersandCustoms??InGreatBritaintodaygoodmannersattableincludeeatingwiththemouthclosed;notlettinganyofthefoodfallofftheplate;usingtheknifeonlyforcutting;andnottryingtotakefoodacrossthetable.?46?.IndeedwhatareconsideredgoodtablemannersinsomeothercountriesarewhatBritishpeopletryhardesttoavoid.?47?.???48?.TablesandchairshavereplacedthecushionsofthepastandtheladyofthehousepresidesatoneendofthetableinthesamewaythatWesternwomendo.?ManyJapanesehoweverstillfeelitwouldbewrongtoeatunlesstheyweresittingonacushionbeforealowtablewithatrayoffoodonit.InmanypartsoftheworldbothtraditionalandWesternstylesofeatingexistsidebyside.???49?.InNorthAmericaitispolitetocutupmeatandthenputtheknifedownlaketheforkintherighthandandeatwithit.MostEuropeanpeopleliketheBritishkeeptheforkinthelefthandandtheknifeintherightallthetimewhentheyareeatingfoodthathastobecut.IntheBritishIslesandScandinaviaNorwaySwedenDenmarkandIcelandspecialknivesandforksareusedforeatingfish.?50?.??A.InFranceBelgiumandItalyhoweveritiscorrecttokeepthesameknifeforeverycoursewipingitonapieceofbread.??B.InotherpartsoftheworldtherearealsorulesforpeopletofollowwhentheyareeatingbuttheyarenotthesameasthoseofBritain.??C.ThericherandmoreeducatedpeopleintheEasthave’howevertoagreatextenttakenupthetablemannersandcustomsofWesternpeople.??D.InArabiaforinstancethepeopleatafeasttakepiecesoffoodwiththeirfingersandbelchloudlytoshowthattheyhaveappreciatecdit.??E.Tablemannersandcustomshavechangedalotwiththetime.??F.IntheWesttherearedifferencesbetweentablemannersinvariouscountriesalthoughtheyarenotsomarked.
BecauseofgamblingDavidhadlostalmosteverythinghepossessed.
Therewasaprofoundsilenceafterhisremark.
SmokingCanIncreaseDepressiveSymptomsinTeens Whilesometeenagersmaypuffoncigarettesto"self-medicate"againstthebluesscientistsattheUniversityofTorontoandtheUniversityofMontrealhavefoundthatsmokingmayactually51depressivesymptomsinsometeens. "Thisobservationalstudyisoneofthefewtoexaminetheperceived52benefitsofsmokingamongteens"saysleadresearcherMichaelChaitonaresearchassociateattheOntarioTobaccoResearchUnitoftheUniversityofToronto."53cigarettesmayappeartohaveself-medicating54ortoimprovemoodinthelongtermwefoundthatteenswhostartedtosmokereportedhigherdepressivesymptoms.". Aspartofthestudysome662highschoolteenagerscompletedupto20questionnaires55theiruseofcigarettestoaffectmood.SecondaryschoolswereselectedtoprovideamixofFrenchandEnglishparticipantsurbanandruralschoolsandschools56inhighmoderateandlowsocio-economicneighbourhoods. Participantsweredividedintothree57:neversmokers;smokerswhodidnotusecigarettestoself-medicateimprovemoodorphysical58;smokerswhousedcigarettestoself-medicate.Depressivesymptomsweremeasuredusingascalethataskedhowfelttoofiredtodothings:had59goingtosleeporstaying60;feltunhappysadordepressed;felthopelessaboutthefuture;feltvexedantsyortense;andworriedtoomuchaboutthings. "Smokerswhousedcigarettesasmood61hadhigherrisksofelevateddepressivesymptomsthanteenswhohadneversmoked"saysco-researcherJenniferO’LoughlinaprofessorattheUniversityofMontrealDepartmentofSocialandPreventiveMedicine."Ourstudyfoundthatteensmokerswhoreportedemotionalbenefitsfromsmokingareathigherriskof62depressivesymptoms." The63betweendepressionandsmokingexists64amongteensthatusecigarettestofeelbetter."It’s65toemphasizethatdepressivesymptomscoreswerehigheramongteenagerswhoreportedemotionalbenefitsfromsmokingaftertheybegantosmoke"saysDr.Chaiton. 58
LackofSleepIncreasestheRiskofCatchingaCold AscoldseasonapproachesmanyAmericansstockupontheirvitaminCandEchinacea紫锥花精油.Butfallowingtheage-oldadviceaboutcatchinguponsleepmightbemoreimportant. Studieshavedemonstratedthatpoorsleepandsusceptibility易受影响tocoldsgohandinhandandscientiststhinkitcouldbeareflectionoftherolesleepplaysinmaintainingthebody’sdefenses. InarecentstudyfortheArchivesofInternalMedicinescientistsfollowed153menandwomenfortwoweekskeepingmackoftheirqualityanddurationofsleep.Thenduringafive-dayperiodtheyquarantined进行检疫隔离thesubjectsandexposedthemtocoldviruses.Thosewhosleptanaverageoffewerthansevenhoursanightitturnedoutwerethreetimesaslikelytogetsickasthosewhoaveragedatleasteighthours. Sleepandimmunityitseemsaretightlylinked.Studieshavefoundthatmammalsthatrequirethemostsleepalsoproducegreaterlevelsofdisease-fightingwhitebloodcells--butnotredbloodcellseventhoughbothareproducedinbonemarrow骨髓andstemfromthesameprecursor前体物.AndresearchersattheMaxPlanckInstituteforEvolutionaryAnthropologyhaveshownthatspeciesthatsleepmorehavegreaterresistanceagainstpathogens病原体. "Speciesthathaveevolvedlongersleepdurations"thePlanckscientistswrote"appeartobeabletoincreaseinvestmentintheirimmunesystemsandbebetterprotected./ WhatdomanyAmericansdointheefforttoavoidcoldinwinter
SmokingCanIncreaseDepressiveSymptomsinTeens Whilesometeenagersmaypuffoncigarettesto"self-medicate"againstthebluesscientistsattheUniversityofTorontoandtheUniversityofMontrealhavefoundthatsmokingmayactually51depressivesymptomsinsometeens. "Thisobservationalstudyisoneofthefewtoexaminetheperceived52benefitsofsmokingamongteens"saysleadresearcherMichaelChaitonaresearchassociateattheOntarioTobaccoResearchUnitoftheUniversityofToronto."53cigarettesmayappeartohaveself-medicating54ortoimprovemoodinthelongtermwefoundthatteenswhostartedtosmokereportedhigherdepressivesymptoms.". Aspartofthestudysome662highschoolteenagerscompletedupto20questionnaires55theiruseofcigarettestoaffectmood.SecondaryschoolswereselectedtoprovideamixofFrenchandEnglishparticipantsurbanandruralschoolsandschools56inhighmoderateandlowsocio-economicneighbourhoods. Participantsweredividedintothree57:neversmokers;smokerswhodidnotusecigarettestoself-medicateimprovemoodorphysical58;smokerswhousedcigarettestoself-medicate.Depressivesymptomsweremeasuredusingascalethataskedhowfelttoofiredtodothings:had59goingtosleeporstaying60;feltunhappysadordepressed;felthopelessaboutthefuture;feltvexedantsyortense;andworriedtoomuchaboutthings. "Smokerswhousedcigarettesasmood61hadhigherrisksofelevateddepressivesymptomsthanteenswhohadneversmoked"saysco-researcherJenniferO’LoughlinaprofessorattheUniversityofMontrealDepartmentofSocialandPreventiveMedicine."Ourstudyfoundthatteensmokerswhoreportedemotionalbenefitsfromsmokingareathigherriskof62depressivesymptoms." The63betweendepressionandsmokingexists64amongteensthatusecigarettestofeelbetter."It’s65toemphasizethatdepressivesymptomscoreswerehigheramongteenagerswhoreportedemotionalbenefitsfromsmokingaftertheybegantosmoke"saysDr.Chaiton. 62
{{*HTML*}}A.AtmosphericScientists??B.TheCalculationsMadeattheBerlinWorkshop??C.ThePreviousCalculationsoftheEffectofAerosols??D.TheScientists’Agreement??E.TheAuthoritativeConclusion??F.GreenhouseGasesParagraph3______
AsacomposerpianistandbandleaderDukeEllingtonwasakeyfigureinthehistoryofjazz爵士.
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