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The World’s Longest Bridge ? ?Rumor has it that a legendary (传说的) six-headed monster lurks in the de...
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HangzhouBayCross-seaBridgeiscross-seabridgeinthewo
long
longer
longest
the longest
? ?阅读下面的短文文章中有5处空白文章后有6组文字请根据文章的内容选择5组文字将其分别放回文章原
下面的短文有5处空白短文后有6个句子其中5个取自短文请根据短文内容将其分别放回原有位置以恢复文章原貌
TheWorld’sLongestBridgeRumorhasitthatalegendary传说的
TheHongkong-Zhuhai-Macaobridgeiswithouttheworld'sl
TheWorld’sLongestBridgeRumorhasitthatalegendarysix
When________thebridgelinkingsouthernGuangdongProvi
to be completed
being completed
completing
completed
下面的短文有5处空白短文后有6个句子其中5个取自短文请根据短文内容将其分别放回原有位置以恢复文章原貌
HangzhouBayCross-seaBridgeis_________cross-seabrid
long
longer
longest
the longest
阅读下面的短文文章中有5处空白文章后面有6组文字请根据文章的内容选择5组文字将其分别放回文章原有位置
TheWorld’sLongestBridgeRumorhasitthatalegendary传说的
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{{*HTML*}}????????????????????Pain??Allofushavefeltpain.wehavecutourselves.Wehavebeenburned.Orwehavehadheadaches.Someofussufferpainrarely.?46???Paincantakecompletecontrolofourbodyandmindmakingitimpossibletomoveandeventothink.Yetweneedpain.WithoutItwewouldnotknowifwehavehurtourselves.Itisourbody’swarningsystem.?47???Painisthemostcommonreasonwegotoadoctor.Itisthemostcommonreasonwetakemedicines.Untilrecentlyhowevermostdoctorsknewofonlyafewdrugsthatstoppedsomepains.?48?ButnewknowledgeabouttheprocessofpainIshelpingthemtocontrolpainbatter.??ScientistshavelearnedthatthesenseofpainIsmadeupofbothchemicalandelectricalsignals.?49?Scientistsalsohavelearnedthatthenervoussystemsendstwodifferentkindsofpainmessagestothebrain:oneveryfasttheotherslow.??Thefirstmessageisthewarningsignal.Itmovesataspeedof30metersasecond.Inlessthanasecondthebrainunderstandsthatpartofthebodyishurtandhowbadlyitisinjured.?50?Ittells’usnottousetheinjuredpartuntilitheals.A?Andothershavepainfulattacksallthetime.B?Thesesignalstravelfromnervecellsintheinjuredareaupthespinalcord脊髓tothebrainandbackdownagain.C?Ittellsusthatweareinjuredandshoulddosomethingaboutit.D?Theyknewlittleabouttheprocessofpainitself.E?Theothermessagemovesataspeedofonlyonemeterasecond.F?Andtheysendthesecondslowermessageofpaintothebrain.
Nooneknowsexactlyhowmanydisabledpeoplethereareintheworldbutestimatessuggestthefigureisover450million.ThenumberofdisabledpeopleinIndiaaloneisprobablymorethandoublethetotalpopulationofCanada. IntheUnitedKingdomaboutoneintenpeoplehavesomedisability.Disabilityisnotjustsomethingthathappenstootherpeople:asgetoldermanyofuswillbecomelessmobilehardofhearingorhavefailingeyesight. Disablementcantakemanyformsandoccuratanytimeoflife.Somepeoplearebornwithdisabilities.Manyothersbecomedisabledastheygetolder.Therearemanyprogressivedisablingdiseases.Thelongertimegoesontheworsetheybecome.Somepeoplearedisabledinaccidents.Manyothersmayhaveaperiodofdisabilityintheformofamentalillness.Allareaffectedbypeople’sattitudetowardsthem. Disabledpeoplefacemanyphysicalbarriers.Nexttimeyougoshoppingortoworkorvisitfriendsimaginehowyouwouldmanageifyoucouldnotgetupstepsorontobusesandtrains.HowwouldyoucopeifyoucouldnotseewhereyouweregoingorcouldnothearthetrafficButthereareotherbarriers:prejudicecanbeevenhardertobreakdownandignoranceinevitablyrepresentsbyfarthegreatestbarrierofall.Itisalmostimpossiblefortheable-bodiedtofullyappreciatewhattheseverelydisabledgothroughsoitisimportanttodrawattentiontothesebarriersandsowthatitistheindividualpersonandtheirabilitynottheirdisabilitywhichcounts. Thefirstparagraphpointsoutthat
Late-nightDrinkingCoffeeloversbeware.Havingaquickpick-me-upcupofcoffee1lateinthedaywillplayhavocwithyoursleep.Aswellasbeingastimulantcaffeineinterruptstheflowofmelatoninthebrainhormonethatsendspeopleintoasleep.Melatoninlevelsnormallystarttoriseabouttwohoursbeforebedtime.Levelsthenpeakbetween2a.m.and4a.m.beforefallingagain.It’stheneurohormonethatcontrolsoursleepandtellsourbodywhentosleepandwhentowakesaysMauriceOhayonoftheStanfordSleepEpidemiologyResearchCenteratStanfordUniversityinCalifornia.ButresearchersinIsraelhavefoundthatcaffeinatedcoffeehalvesthebody’slevelsofthissleephormone.LotanShiloandateamattheSapirMedicalCenterinTelAvivUniversityfoundthatsixvolunteerssleptlesswellafteracupofcaffeinatedcoffeethanafterdrinkingthesameamountofdecal.Onaveragesubjectsslept336minutespernightafterdrinkingcaffeinatedcoffeecomparedwith415minutesafterdecal.Theyalsotookhalfanhourtodropoff-twiceaslongasusual-andjiggedaroundinbedtwiceasmuch.Inthesecondphaseoftheexperimenttheresearcherswolfethevolunteerseverythreehoursandaskedthemtogiveaurinesample.Shilomeasuredconcentrationsofabreakdownproductofmelatonin.Theresultssuggestthatmelatoninconcentrationsincaffeinedrinkerswerehalfthoseindecaldrinkers.InapaperacceptedforpublicationinSleepMedicinctheresearcherssuggestthatcaffeineblocksproductionoftheenzymethatdrivesmelatoninproduction.BecauseitcantakemanyhourstoeliminatecaffeinefromthebodyOhayonrecommendsthatcoffeeloversswitchtodecalafterlunch.Theauthorofthispassageprobablyagreesthat______.
{{*HTML*}}1.Moreeffortsarebeingmadetowardenvironmentallysafeworkplaces.AnenvironmentalpolicyresearchorganizationhasdonethatinWashingtonD.C.TheWorldResourcesInstitutere-designeditsofficetomakeitsaferforpeopleandtheenvironment.?Thisnewly-designedofficeiscalledagreenoffice.??2.Thenewlydesignedofficewasmadewithenvironmentallysafebuildingmaterialsinsteadofbuildingproductsthatareharmfultotheenvironment.Forexampletheflooroftheofficeismadeofbark树皮fromacorktree.Thebarkofacorktreewillrenewitselfsothetreedoesnotdie.Thecorkflooralsofeelsgoodtostandon.??3.Thefloorinanotherpartoftheofficeismadeofbamboo竹子.Bambooisafast-growinggrassthatquicklyreplacesitself.Otherareasofthefloorarecoveredwithcarpeting.Howeverunlikemanyofficesthecarpetwasmadewithoutharmfulchemicals.??4.Storageareasintheofficearemadefromthecrushedshellsofsunflowerseeds.Theofficedoorsaremadefrompressedwheatstraw.Wheatstrawisanagriculturewasteproductthatwouldnormallybeburned.Thatprocessaddschemicalstotheatmosphere.??5.WorldResourcesInstituteofficialsalsochoselightingandotherelectricalequipmentthatuselessenergy.Andtheyimprovedtheircommunicationsystems.Newvideocommunicationequipmentletsworkersseeandtalktopeopleinothercities.Thenewequipmentwasaddedtoreducetheamountoftravelbyofficeworkers.Thatreducestheamountofharmfulgasesthatarereleasedintotheatmospherebycarsorplanes.??6.Theorganization’sofficialsalsoannouncedaplanthatwouldreduceharmfulcarbondioxidegasesfromtheirofficebytheyear2005.??7.WorldResourcesInstituteofficialssaythecostofbuildingagreenofficeissimilartothatofatraditionaloffice.Theysaybuildingmoregreenofficescouldleadtoahealthierenvironment.Theysayahealthyenvironmentandastrongeconomycanexisttogether.Theorganizationsaysitiscreatingaworkenvironmentthatisbetterforpeople.{{*HTML*}}Thedoorsaremadefrompressed______.??A.wheatstraw.??B.bamboo??C.bark??D.corktree??E.sunflowerseed:??F.grass
Late-nightDrinkingCoffeeloversbeware.Havingaquickpick-me-upcupofcoffee1lateinthedaywillplayhavocwithyoursleep.Aswellasbeingastimulantcaffeineinterruptstheflowofmelatoninthebrainhormonethatsendspeopleintoasleep.Melatoninlevelsnormallystarttoriseabouttwohoursbeforebedtime.Levelsthenpeakbetween2a.m.and4a.m.beforefallingagain.It’stheneurohormonethatcontrolsoursleepandtellsourbodywhentosleepandwhentowakesaysMauriceOhayonoftheStanfordSleepEpidemiologyResearchCenteratStanfordUniversityinCalifornia.ButresearchersinIsraelhavefoundthatcaffeinatedcoffeehalvesthebody’slevelsofthissleephormone.LotanShiloandateamattheSapirMedicalCenterinTelAvivUniversityfoundthatsixvolunteerssleptlesswellafteracupofcaffeinatedcoffeethanafterdrinkingthesameamountofdecal.Onaveragesubjectsslept336minutespernightafterdrinkingcaffeinatedcoffeecomparedwith415minutesafterdecal.Theyalsotookhalfanhourtodropoff-twiceaslongasusual-andjiggedaroundinbedtwiceasmuch.Inthesecondphaseoftheexperimenttheresearcherswolfethevolunteerseverythreehoursandaskedthemtogiveaurinesample.Shilomeasuredconcentrationsofabreakdownproductofmelatonin.Theresultssuggestthatmelatoninconcentrationsincaffeinedrinkerswerehalfthoseindecaldrinkers.InapaperacceptedforpublicationinSleepMedicinctheresearcherssuggestthatcaffeineblocksproductionoftheenzymethatdrivesmelatoninproduction.BecauseitcantakemanyhourstoeliminatecaffeinefromthebodyOhayonrecommendsthatcoffeeloversswitchtodecalafterlunch.Theauthormentionspick-me-uptoindicatethat______.
SkinCancer Melanoma黑素瘤thedeadliestkindofskincancerisnowthemostcommoncancerin51Britishwomenthecountry’sleadingcancerorganizationsaidWednesday.Skincancerhas52cervical子宫颈的cancerasthetopcancerstrikingwomenintheir20saccordingtothelatestdatafromCancerResearchUnitedKingdom. Thetrendisparticularly53sinceyoungerpeoplearenotgenerallythosemostsusceptible易患的tomelanoma.Ratesofskincancerare54highestinpeopleoverage75. Butexpertsworrythatincreasingnumbersofyoungerpeoplebeingdiagnosedwithskincancercouldbethe55ofadangeroustrend.Womenintheir20smake56asmallpercentageofallpatientsdiagnosedwithmelanomainBritainbutnearlyathirdofallcasesoccurinpeopleyoungerthan50. BasedoncurrentnumbersCancerResearchUKpredictsthatmelanomawillbecomethefourth57commoncancerformenandwomenofallagesby2024andthatcaseswilljumpfromabout9000casesayeartomorethan15500. Cancerexperts58therisingnumberofskincancercaseslargelytothesurgeinpeopleusingtanningsalons."Spendingtimeonsunbedsisjustas59asstayingouttoolonginthesun"saidCarolineCernyofCancerResearchUK.TheorganizationisstartingaSunSmart60towarnBritonsofthedangersofbeingtoobronzed. "Theintensityofultravioletraysinsomesunbedscanbemorethan1061strongerthanthemiddaysun"Cernysaid. IntheUnitedStatesseveralstatesrequireparentalapproval62minorscanusetanningsalons.Wisconsinbanspeople16and63fromusingtanningbedsandothersbanchildrenunder14.Atleast29stateshaveregulationsgoverningminors’useoftanningsalons. IntheU.K.Scottishpoliticianspassedlegislationbanningthoseunder18fromusingtanningbedsthoughithasn’tyetbeenimplemented.Therearenoplansfor64intherestoftheU.K. TheWorldHealthOrganizationhaspreviouslyrecommendedthattanningbedsberegulatedbecauseoftheirpotentialtodamageDNAintheskin. Expertssaidmostdeadlyskincancerscouldbe65ifpeopletooktheproperprecautionswheninthesunandavoidedtanningbeds. 53
Late-nightDrinkingCoffeeloversbeware.Havingaquickpick-me-upcupofcoffee1lateinthedaywillplayhavocwithyoursleep.Aswellasbeingastimulantcaffeineinterruptstheflowofmelatoninthebrainhormonethatsendspeopleintoasleep.Melatoninlevelsnormallystarttoriseabouttwohoursbeforebedtime.Levelsthenpeakbetween2a.m.and4a.m.beforefallingagain.It’stheneurohormonethatcontrolsoursleepandtellsourbodywhentosleepandwhentowakesaysMauriceOhayonoftheStanfordSleepEpidemiologyResearchCenteratStanfordUniversityinCalifornia.ButresearchersinIsraelhavefoundthatcaffeinatedcoffeehalvesthebody’slevelsofthissleephormone.LotanShiloandateamattheSapirMedicalCenterinTelAvivUniversityfoundthatsixvolunteerssleptlesswellafteracupofcaffeinatedcoffeethanafterdrinkingthesameamountofdecal.Onaveragesubjectsslept336minutespernightafterdrinkingcaffeinatedcoffeecomparedwith415minutesafterdecal.Theyalsotookhalfanhourtodropoff-twiceaslongasusual-andjiggedaroundinbedtwiceasmuch.Inthesecondphaseoftheexperimenttheresearcherswolfethevolunteerseverythreehoursandaskedthemtogiveaurinesample.Shilomeasuredconcentrationsofabreakdownproductofmelatonin.Theresultssuggestthatmelatoninconcentrationsincaffeinedrinkerswerehalfthoseindecaldrinkers.InapaperacceptedforpublicationinSleepMedicinctheresearcherssuggestthatcaffeineblocksproductionoftheenzymethatdrivesmelatoninproduction.BecauseitcantakemanyhourstoeliminatecaffeinefromthebodyOhayonrecommendsthatcoffeeloversswitchtodecalafterlunch.Whatdoesparagraph3mainlydiscuss
{{*HTML*}}1.Moreeffortsarebeingmadetowardenvironmentallysafeworkplaces.AnenvironmentalpolicyresearchorganizationhasdonethatinWashingtonD.C.TheWorldResourcesInstitutere-designeditsofficetomakeitsaferforpeopleandtheenvironment.?Thisnewly-designedofficeiscalledagreenoffice.??2.Thenewlydesignedofficewasmadewithenvironmentallysafebuildingmaterialsinsteadofbuildingproductsthatareharmfultotheenvironment.Forexampletheflooroftheofficeismadeofbark树皮fromacorktree.Thebarkofacorktreewillrenewitselfsothetreedoesnotdie.Thecorkflooralsofeelsgoodtostandon.??3.Thefloorinanotherpartoftheofficeismadeofbamboo竹子.Bambooisafast-growinggrassthatquicklyreplacesitself.Otherareasofthefloorarecoveredwithcarpeting.Howeverunlikemanyofficesthecarpetwasmadewithoutharmfulchemicals.??4.Storageareasintheofficearemadefromthecrushedshellsofsunflowerseeds.Theofficedoorsaremadefrompressedwheatstraw.Wheatstrawisanagriculturewasteproductthatwouldnormallybeburned.Thatprocessaddschemicalstotheatmosphere.??5.WorldResourcesInstituteofficialsalsochoselightingandotherelectricalequipmentthatuselessenergy.Andtheyimprovedtheircommunicationsystems.Newvideocommunicationequipmentletsworkersseeandtalktopeopleinothercities.Thenewequipmentwasaddedtoreducetheamountoftravelbyofficeworkers.Thatreducestheamountofharmfulgasesthatarereleasedintotheatmospherebycarsorplanes.??6.Theorganization’sofficialsalsoannouncedaplanthatwouldreduceharmfulcarbondioxidegasesfromtheirofficebytheyear2005.??7.WorldResourcesInstituteofficialssaythecostofbuildingagreenofficeissimilartothatofatraditionaloffice.Theysaybuildingmoregreenofficescouldleadtoahealthierenvironment.Theysayahealthyenvironmentandastrongeconomycanexisttogether.Theorganizationsaysitiscreatingaworkenvironmentthatisbetterforpeople.Thefloorinanotherofficeismadeof______.
{{*HTML*}}1.Moreeffortsarebeingmadetowardenvironmentallysafeworkplaces.AnenvironmentalpolicyresearchorganizationhasdonethatinWashingtonD.C.TheWorldResourcesInstitutere-designeditsofficetomakeitsaferforpeopleandtheenvironment.?Thisnewly-designedofficeiscalledagreenoffice.??2.Thenewlydesignedofficewasmadewithenvironmentallysafebuildingmaterialsinsteadofbuildingproductsthatareharmfultotheenvironment.Forexampletheflooroftheofficeismadeofbark树皮fromacorktree.Thebarkofacorktreewillrenewitselfsothetreedoesnotdie.Thecorkflooralsofeelsgoodtostandon.??3.Thefloorinanotherpartoftheofficeismadeofbamboo竹子.Bambooisafast-growinggrassthatquicklyreplacesitself.Otherareasofthefloorarecoveredwithcarpeting.Howeverunlikemanyofficesthecarpetwasmadewithoutharmfulchemicals.??4.Storageareasintheofficearemadefromthecrushedshellsofsunflowerseeds.Theofficedoorsaremadefrompressedwheatstraw.Wheatstrawisanagriculturewasteproductthatwouldnormallybeburned.Thatprocessaddschemicalstotheatmosphere.??5.WorldResourcesInstituteofficialsalsochoselightingandotherelectricalequipmentthatuselessenergy.Andtheyimprovedtheircommunicationsystems.Newvideocommunicationequipmentletsworkersseeandtalktopeopleinothercities.Thenewequipmentwasaddedtoreducetheamountoftravelbyofficeworkers.Thatreducestheamountofharmfulgasesthatarereleasedintotheatmospherebycarsorplanes.??6.Theorganization’sofficialsalsoannouncedaplanthatwouldreduceharmfulcarbondioxidegasesfromtheirofficebytheyear2005.??7.WorldResourcesInstituteofficialssaythecostofbuildingagreenofficeissimilartothatofatraditionaloffice.Theysaybuildingmoregreenofficescouldleadtoahealthierenvironment.Theysayahealthyenvironmentandastrongeconomycanexisttogether.Theorganizationsaysitiscreatingaworkenvironmentthatisbetterforpeople.{{*HTML*}}Para7______.??A.Aplantoreduceharmfulgasesfromoffices??B.Agreenofficesaferforpeople??C.Thedecorationofthegreenoffice??D.Thematerialsofthegreenoffice??E.Morethingstodoforabetterworkenvironment??F.Thecostofthegreenoffice
Theunionrepresentativeputacrossherargumentveryeffectively.
SkinCancer Melanoma黑素瘤thedeadliestkindofskincancerisnowthemostcommoncancerin51Britishwomenthecountry’sleadingcancerorganizationsaidWednesday.Skincancerhas52cervical子宫颈的cancerasthetopcancerstrikingwomenintheir20saccordingtothelatestdatafromCancerResearchUnitedKingdom. Thetrendisparticularly53sinceyoungerpeoplearenotgenerallythosemostsusceptible易患的tomelanoma.Ratesofskincancerare54highestinpeopleoverage75. Butexpertsworrythatincreasingnumbersofyoungerpeoplebeingdiagnosedwithskincancercouldbethe55ofadangeroustrend.Womenintheir20smake56asmallpercentageofallpatientsdiagnosedwithmelanomainBritainbutnearlyathirdofallcasesoccurinpeopleyoungerthan50. BasedoncurrentnumbersCancerResearchUKpredictsthatmelanomawillbecomethefourth57commoncancerformenandwomenofallagesby2024andthatcaseswilljumpfromabout9000casesayeartomorethan15500. Cancerexperts58therisingnumberofskincancercaseslargelytothesurgeinpeopleusingtanningsalons."Spendingtimeonsunbedsisjustas59asstayingouttoolonginthesun"saidCarolineCernyofCancerResearchUK.TheorganizationisstartingaSunSmart60towarnBritonsofthedangersofbeingtoobronzed. "Theintensityofultravioletraysinsomesunbedscanbemorethan1061strongerthanthemiddaysun"Cernysaid. IntheUnitedStatesseveralstatesrequireparentalapproval62minorscanusetanningsalons.Wisconsinbanspeople16and63fromusingtanningbedsandothersbanchildrenunder14.Atleast29stateshaveregulationsgoverningminors’useoftanningsalons. IntheU.K.Scottishpoliticianspassedlegislationbanningthoseunder18fromusingtanningbedsthoughithasn’tyetbeenimplemented.Therearenoplansfor64intherestoftheU.K. TheWorldHealthOrganizationhaspreviouslyrecommendedthattanningbedsberegulatedbecauseoftheirpotentialtodamageDNAintheskin. Expertssaidmostdeadlyskincancerscouldbe65ifpeopletooktheproperprecautionswheninthesunandavoidedtanningbeds. 63
It'simpolitetocutinwhentwopersonsareholdingaconversation.
UsingHIVVirustoCureCancerScientistsareplanningtousehumanimmunodeficiency免疫缺陷virusHIVoneofmankind’smostfearedvirusesasacarrierofgeneswhichcanfightcancerandarangeofdiseasesthatcannotbecured.TheexpertssayHIVhasanalmostperfectabilitytoavoidthebody’simmune免疫的defensesmakingitidealforcarryingreplacementgenesintopatients’bodiesaccordingtotheObserver.HIVcanbesafelyusedtocurecanceronlyil’thedeadlygeneshavebeenremoved.A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned
{{*HTML*}}1.Moreeffortsarebeingmadetowardenvironmentallysafeworkplaces.AnenvironmentalpolicyresearchorganizationhasdonethatinWashingtonD.C.TheWorldResourcesInstitutere-designeditsofficetomakeitsaferforpeopleandtheenvironment.?Thisnewly-designedofficeiscalledagreenoffice.??2.Thenewlydesignedofficewasmadewithenvironmentallysafebuildingmaterialsinsteadofbuildingproductsthatareharmfultotheenvironment.Forexampletheflooroftheofficeismadeofbark树皮fromacorktree.Thebarkofacorktreewillrenewitselfsothetreedoesnotdie.Thecorkflooralsofeelsgoodtostandon.??3.Thefloorinanotherpartoftheofficeismadeofbamboo竹子.Bambooisafast-growinggrassthatquicklyreplacesitself.Otherareasofthefloorarecoveredwithcarpeting.Howeverunlikemanyofficesthecarpetwasmadewithoutharmfulchemicals.??4.Storageareasintheofficearemadefromthecrushedshellsofsunflowerseeds.Theofficedoorsaremadefrompressedwheatstraw.Wheatstrawisanagriculturewasteproductthatwouldnormallybeburned.Thatprocessaddschemicalstotheatmosphere.??5.WorldResourcesInstituteofficialsalsochoselightingandotherelectricalequipmentthatuselessenergy.Andtheyimprovedtheircommunicationsystems.Newvideocommunicationequipmentletsworkersseeandtalktopeopleinothercities.Thenewequipmentwasaddedtoreducetheamountoftravelbyofficeworkers.Thatreducestheamountofharmfulgasesthatarereleasedintotheatmospherebycarsorplanes.??6.Theorganization’sofficialsalsoannouncedaplanthatwouldreduceharmfulcarbondioxidegasesfromtheirofficebytheyear2005.??7.WorldResourcesInstituteofficialssaythecostofbuildingagreenofficeissimilartothatofatraditionaloffice.Theysaybuildingmoregreenofficescouldleadtoahealthierenvironment.Theysayahealthyenvironmentandastrongeconomycanexisttogether.Theorganizationsaysitiscreatingaworkenvironmentthatisbetterforpeople.Para2______.
MedicalEducationIn18th.centurycolonialAmericathosewhowantedtobecomephysicianseitherlearnedaspersonalstudentsfromestablishedprofessionalsorwentabroadtostudyinthetraditionalschoolsofLondonParisandEdinburgh.MedicinewasfirsttaughtformallybyspecialistsattheUniversityofPennsylvaniabeginningin1765andin1767atKing’sCollegenowColumbiaUniversitythefirstinstitutioninthecoloniestogivethedegreeofdoctorofmedicine.FollowingtheAmericanRevolutiontheColumbiamedicalfacultyformerlyofKing’sCollegewascombinedwiththeCollegeofPhysiciansandSurgeonscharteredin1809whichsurvivesasadivisionofColumbiaUniversity.In1893theJohnsHopkinsMedicalSchoolrequiredallapplicantstohaveacollegedegreeandwasthefirsttoafforditsstudentstheopportunitytofurthertheirtraininginanattachedteachinghospital.Thegrowthofmedicalschoolsattachedwithestablishedinstitutionsoflearningwenttogetherwiththedevelopmentofproprietary私营的schoolsofmedicinerunforpersonalprofit.mostofwhichhadlowstandardsandpoorfacilitiesIn1910AbrahamFlexner.theAmericaneducationreformerwroteMedicalEducationintheUnitedStatesandCanadaexposingthepoorconditionsofmostproprietaryschoolsSubsequentlytheAmericanMedicalAssociationAMAandtheAssociationofAmericanMedicalCollegesAAMClaiddownstandardsforcoursecontentqualificationsofteacherslaboratoryfacilitiesconnectionwithteachinghospitalsandlicensingofmedicalpractitioners开业医师thatsurvivetothisday.Bythelate1980stheUSandCanadahad1424.yearmedicalcollegesrecognizedbytheLiaison联络CommitteeonMedicalEducationtooffercheM.D.degreeduringthe1987-88academicyear47262menand25686womenenteredthesecollegesandanestimated11752menand5958womenweregraduated.Graduatesafterayearofinternship实习期receivelicensestopracticeiftheypassanexaminationgiveneitherbyastateboardorbytheNationalBoardofMedicalExaminersInitiallymostproprietaryschoolsofmedicineinAmerica
Ididn'thelphim.Iwouldhavehoweverdidn'thavethemoney.
SkinCancer Melanoma黑素瘤thedeadliestkindofskincancerisnowthemostcommoncancerin51Britishwomenthecountry’sleadingcancerorganizationsaidWednesday.Skincancerhas52cervical子宫颈的cancerasthetopcancerstrikingwomenintheir20saccordingtothelatestdatafromCancerResearchUnitedKingdom. Thetrendisparticularly53sinceyoungerpeoplearenotgenerallythosemostsusceptible易患的tomelanoma.Ratesofskincancerare54highestinpeopleoverage75. Butexpertsworrythatincreasingnumbersofyoungerpeoplebeingdiagnosedwithskincancercouldbethe55ofadangeroustrend.Womenintheir20smake56asmallpercentageofallpatientsdiagnosedwithmelanomainBritainbutnearlyathirdofallcasesoccurinpeopleyoungerthan50. BasedoncurrentnumbersCancerResearchUKpredictsthatmelanomawillbecomethefourth57commoncancerformenandwomenofallagesby2024andthatcaseswilljumpfromabout9000casesayeartomorethan15500. Cancerexperts58therisingnumberofskincancercaseslargelytothesurgeinpeopleusingtanningsalons."Spendingtimeonsunbedsisjustas59asstayingouttoolonginthesun"saidCarolineCernyofCancerResearchUK.TheorganizationisstartingaSunSmart60towarnBritonsofthedangersofbeingtoobronzed. "Theintensityofultravioletraysinsomesunbedscanbemorethan1061strongerthanthemiddaysun"Cernysaid. IntheUnitedStatesseveralstatesrequireparentalapproval62minorscanusetanningsalons.Wisconsinbanspeople16and63fromusingtanningbedsandothersbanchildrenunder14.Atleast29stateshaveregulationsgoverningminors’useoftanningsalons. IntheU.K.Scottishpoliticianspassedlegislationbanningthoseunder18fromusingtanningbedsthoughithasn’tyetbeenimplemented.Therearenoplansfor64intherestoftheU.K. TheWorldHealthOrganizationhaspreviouslyrecommendedthattanningbedsberegulatedbecauseoftheirpotentialtodamageDNAintheskin. Expertssaidmostdeadlyskincancerscouldbe65ifpeopletooktheproperprecautionswheninthesunandavoidedtanningbeds. 65
{{*HTML*}}????????????????????Pain??Allofushavefeltpain.wehavecutourselves.Wehavebeenburned.Orwehavehadheadaches.Someofussufferpainrarely.?46???Paincantakecompletecontrolofourbodyandmindmakingitimpossibletomoveandeventothink.Yetweneedpain.WithoutItwewouldnotknowifwehavehurtourselves.Itisourbody’swarningsystem.?47???Painisthemostcommonreasonwegotoadoctor.Itisthemostcommonreasonwetakemedicines.Untilrecentlyhowevermostdoctorsknewofonlyafewdrugsthatstoppedsomepains.?48?ButnewknowledgeabouttheprocessofpainIshelpingthemtocontrolpainbatter.??ScientistshavelearnedthatthesenseofpainIsmadeupofbothchemicalandelectricalsignals.?49?Scientistsalsohavelearnedthatthenervoussystemsendstwodifferentkindsofpainmessagestothebrain:oneveryfasttheotherslow.??Thefirstmessageisthewarningsignal.Itmovesataspeedof30metersasecond.Inlessthanasecondthebrainunderstandsthatpartofthebodyishurtandhowbadlyitisinjured.?50?Ittells’usnottousetheinjuredpartuntilitheals.A?Andothershavepainfulattacksallthetime.B?Thesesignalstravelfromnervecellsintheinjuredareaupthespinalcord脊髓tothebrainandbackdownagain.C?Ittellsusthatweareinjuredandshoulddosomethingaboutit.D?Theyknewlittleabouttheprocessofpainitself.E?Theothermessagemovesataspeedofonlyonemeterasecond.F?Andtheysendthesecondslowermessageofpaintothebrain.
In1861itseemedinevitablethattheSouthernstateswouldbreakawayfromtheUnion.
SkinCancer Melanoma黑素瘤thedeadliestkindofskincancerisnowthemostcommoncancerin51Britishwomenthecountry’sleadingcancerorganizationsaidWednesday.Skincancerhas52cervical子宫颈的cancerasthetopcancerstrikingwomenintheir20saccordingtothelatestdatafromCancerResearchUnitedKingdom. Thetrendisparticularly53sinceyoungerpeoplearenotgenerallythosemostsusceptible易患的tomelanoma.Ratesofskincancerare54highestinpeopleoverage75. Butexpertsworrythatincreasingnumbersofyoungerpeoplebeingdiagnosedwithskincancercouldbethe55ofadangeroustrend.Womenintheir20smake56asmallpercentageofallpatientsdiagnosedwithmelanomainBritainbutnearlyathirdofallcasesoccurinpeopleyoungerthan50. BasedoncurrentnumbersCancerResearchUKpredictsthatmelanomawillbecomethefourth57commoncancerformenandwomenofallagesby2024andthatcaseswilljumpfromabout9000casesayeartomorethan15500. Cancerexperts58therisingnumberofskincancercaseslargelytothesurgeinpeopleusingtanningsalons."Spendingtimeonsunbedsisjustas59asstayingouttoolonginthesun"saidCarolineCernyofCancerResearchUK.TheorganizationisstartingaSunSmart60towarnBritonsofthedangersofbeingtoobronzed. "Theintensityofultravioletraysinsomesunbedscanbemorethan1061strongerthanthemiddaysun"Cernysaid. IntheUnitedStatesseveralstatesrequireparentalapproval62minorscanusetanningsalons.Wisconsinbanspeople16and63fromusingtanningbedsandothersbanchildrenunder14.Atleast29stateshaveregulationsgoverningminors’useoftanningsalons. IntheU.K.Scottishpoliticianspassedlegislationbanningthoseunder18fromusingtanningbedsthoughithasn’tyetbeenimplemented.Therearenoplansfor64intherestoftheU.K. TheWorldHealthOrganizationhaspreviouslyrecommendedthattanningbedsberegulatedbecauseoftheirpotentialtodamageDNAintheskin. Expertssaidmostdeadlyskincancerscouldbe65ifpeopletooktheproperprecautionswheninthesunandavoidedtanningbeds. 59
Nooneknowsexactlyhowmanydisabledpeoplethereareintheworldbutestimatessuggestthefigureisover450million.ThenumberofdisabledpeopleinIndiaaloneisprobablymorethandoublethetotalpopulationofCanada. IntheUnitedKingdomaboutoneintenpeoplehavesomedisability.Disabilityisnotjustsomethingthathappenstootherpeople:asgetoldermanyofuswillbecomelessmobilehardofhearingorhavefailingeyesight. Disablementcantakemanyformsandoccuratanytimeoflife.Somepeoplearebornwithdisabilities.Manyothersbecomedisabledastheygetolder.Therearemanyprogressivedisablingdiseases.Thelongertimegoesontheworsetheybecome.Somepeoplearedisabledinaccidents.Manyothersmayhaveaperiodofdisabilityintheformofamentalillness.Allareaffectedbypeople’sattitudetowardsthem. Disabledpeoplefacemanyphysicalbarriers.Nexttimeyougoshoppingortoworkorvisitfriendsimaginehowyouwouldmanageifyoucouldnotgetupstepsorontobusesandtrains.HowwouldyoucopeifyoucouldnotseewhereyouweregoingorcouldnothearthetrafficButthereareotherbarriers:prejudicecanbeevenhardertobreakdownandignoranceinevitablyrepresentsbyfarthegreatestbarrierofall.Itisalmostimpossiblefortheable-bodiedtofullyappreciatewhattheseverelydisabledgothroughsoitisimportanttodrawattentiontothesebarriersandsowthatitistheindividualpersonandtheirabilitynottheirdisabilitywhichcounts. Thelastwordofthepassagecountsmostprobablymeans.
SkinCancer Melanoma黑素瘤thedeadliestkindofskincancerisnowthemostcommoncancerin51Britishwomenthecountry’sleadingcancerorganizationsaidWednesday.Skincancerhas52cervical子宫颈的cancerasthetopcancerstrikingwomenintheir20saccordingtothelatestdatafromCancerResearchUnitedKingdom. Thetrendisparticularly53sinceyoungerpeoplearenotgenerallythosemostsusceptible易患的tomelanoma.Ratesofskincancerare54highestinpeopleoverage75. Butexpertsworrythatincreasingnumbersofyoungerpeoplebeingdiagnosedwithskincancercouldbethe55ofadangeroustrend.Womenintheir20smake56asmallpercentageofallpatientsdiagnosedwithmelanomainBritainbutnearlyathirdofallcasesoccurinpeopleyoungerthan50. BasedoncurrentnumbersCancerResearchUKpredictsthatmelanomawillbecomethefourth57commoncancerformenandwomenofallagesby2024andthatcaseswilljumpfromabout9000casesayeartomorethan15500. Cancerexperts58therisingnumberofskincancercaseslargelytothesurgeinpeopleusingtanningsalons."Spendingtimeonsunbedsisjustas59asstayingouttoolonginthesun"saidCarolineCernyofCancerResearchUK.TheorganizationisstartingaSunSmart60towarnBritonsofthedangersofbeingtoobronzed. "Theintensityofultravioletraysinsomesunbedscanbemorethan1061strongerthanthemiddaysun"Cernysaid. IntheUnitedStatesseveralstatesrequireparentalapproval62minorscanusetanningsalons.Wisconsinbanspeople16and63fromusingtanningbedsandothersbanchildrenunder14.Atleast29stateshaveregulationsgoverningminors’useoftanningsalons. IntheU.K.Scottishpoliticianspassedlegislationbanningthoseunder18fromusingtanningbedsthoughithasn’tyetbeenimplemented.Therearenoplansfor64intherestoftheU.K. TheWorldHealthOrganizationhaspreviouslyrecommendedthattanningbedsberegulatedbecauseoftheirpotentialtodamageDNAintheskin. Expertssaidmostdeadlyskincancerscouldbe65ifpeopletooktheproperprecautionswheninthesunandavoidedtanningbeds. 51
UsingHIVVirustoCureCancerScientistsareplanningtousehumanimmunodeficiency免疫缺陷virusHIVoneofmankind’smostfearedvirusesasacarrierofgeneswhichcanfightcancerandarangeofdiseasesthatcannotbecured.TheexpertssayHIVhasanalmostperfectabilitytoavoidthebody’simmune免疫的defensesmakingitidealforcarryingreplacementgenesintopatients’bodiesaccordingtotheObserver.Othercountriesarealsoexpectedtobeginclinicalgenetherapytrialssoon.A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned
Nooneknowsexactlyhowmanydisabledpeoplethereareintheworldbutestimatessuggestthefigureisover450million.ThenumberofdisabledpeopleinIndiaaloneisprobablymorethandoublethetotalpopulationofCanada. IntheUnitedKingdomaboutoneintenpeoplehavesomedisability.Disabilityisnotjustsomethingthathappenstootherpeople:asgetoldermanyofuswillbecomelessmobilehardofhearingorhavefailingeyesight. Disablementcantakemanyformsandoccuratanytimeoflife.Somepeoplearebornwithdisabilities.Manyothersbecomedisabledastheygetolder.Therearemanyprogressivedisablingdiseases.Thelongertimegoesontheworsetheybecome.Somepeoplearedisabledinaccidents.Manyothersmayhaveaperiodofdisabilityintheformofamentalillness.Allareaffectedbypeople’sattitudetowardsthem. Disabledpeoplefacemanyphysicalbarriers.Nexttimeyougoshoppingortoworkorvisitfriendsimaginehowyouwouldmanageifyoucouldnotgetupstepsorontobusesandtrains.HowwouldyoucopeifyoucouldnotseewhereyouweregoingorcouldnothearthetrafficButthereareotherbarriers:prejudicecanbeevenhardertobreakdownandignoranceinevitablyrepresentsbyfarthegreatestbarrierofall.Itisalmostimpossiblefortheable-bodiedtofullyappreciatewhattheseverelydisabledgothroughsoitisimportanttodrawattentiontothesebarriersandsowthatitistheindividualpersonandtheirabilitynottheirdisabilitywhichcounts. Itcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethat.
MedicalEducationIn18th.centurycolonialAmericathosewhowantedtobecomephysicianseitherlearnedaspersonalstudentsfromestablishedprofessionalsorwentabroadtostudyinthetraditionalschoolsofLondonParisandEdinburgh.MedicinewasfirsttaughtformallybyspecialistsattheUniversityofPennsylvaniabeginningin1765andin1767atKing’sCollegenowColumbiaUniversitythefirstinstitutioninthecoloniestogivethedegreeofdoctorofmedicine.FollowingtheAmericanRevolutiontheColumbiamedicalfacultyformerlyofKing’sCollegewascombinedwiththeCollegeofPhysiciansandSurgeonscharteredin1809whichsurvivesasadivisionofColumbiaUniversity.In1893theJohnsHopkinsMedicalSchoolrequiredallapplicantstohaveacollegedegreeandwasthefirsttoafforditsstudentstheopportunitytofurthertheirtraininginanattachedteachinghospital.Thegrowthofmedicalschoolsattachedwithestablishedinstitutionsoflearningwenttogetherwiththedevelopmentofproprietary私营的schoolsofmedicinerunforpersonalprofit.mostofwhichhadlowstandardsandpoorfacilitiesIn1910AbrahamFlexner.theAmericaneducationreformerwroteMedicalEducationintheUnitedStatesandCanadaexposingthepoorconditionsofmostproprietaryschoolsSubsequentlytheAmericanMedicalAssociationAMAandtheAssociationofAmericanMedicalCollegesAAMClaiddownstandardsforcoursecontentqualificationsofteacherslaboratoryfacilitiesconnectionwithteachinghospitalsandlicensingofmedicalpractitioners开业医师thatsurvivetothisday.Bythelate1980stheUSandCanadahad1424.yearmedicalcollegesrecognizedbytheLiaison联络CommitteeonMedicalEducationtooffercheM.D.degreeduringthe1987-88academicyear47262menand25686womenenteredthesecollegesandanestimated11752menand5958womenweregraduated.Graduatesafterayearofinternship实习期receivelicensestopracticeiftheypassanexaminationgiveneitherbyastateboardorbytheNationalBoardofMedicalExaminersAfterayearofinternshipmedicalgraduatescanstarttopractice
SkinCancer Melanoma黑素瘤thedeadliestkindofskincancerisnowthemostcommoncancerin51Britishwomenthecountry’sleadingcancerorganizationsaidWednesday.Skincancerhas52cervical子宫颈的cancerasthetopcancerstrikingwomenintheir20saccordingtothelatestdatafromCancerResearchUnitedKingdom. Thetrendisparticularly53sinceyoungerpeoplearenotgenerallythosemostsusceptible易患的tomelanoma.Ratesofskincancerare54highestinpeopleoverage75. Butexpertsworrythatincreasingnumbersofyoungerpeoplebeingdiagnosedwithskincancercouldbethe55ofadangeroustrend.Womenintheir20smake56asmallpercentageofallpatientsdiagnosedwithmelanomainBritainbutnearlyathirdofallcasesoccurinpeopleyoungerthan50. BasedoncurrentnumbersCancerResearchUKpredictsthatmelanomawillbecomethefourth57commoncancerformenandwomenofallagesby2024andthatcaseswilljumpfromabout9000casesayeartomorethan15500. Cancerexperts58therisingnumberofskincancercaseslargelytothesurgeinpeopleusingtanningsalons."Spendingtimeonsunbedsisjustas59asstayingouttoolonginthesun"saidCarolineCernyofCancerResearchUK.TheorganizationisstartingaSunSmart60towarnBritonsofthedangersofbeingtoobronzed. "Theintensityofultravioletraysinsomesunbedscanbemorethan1061strongerthanthemiddaysun"Cernysaid. IntheUnitedStatesseveralstatesrequireparentalapproval62minorscanusetanningsalons.Wisconsinbanspeople16and63fromusingtanningbedsandothersbanchildrenunder14.Atleast29stateshaveregulationsgoverningminors’useoftanningsalons. IntheU.K.Scottishpoliticianspassedlegislationbanningthoseunder18fromusingtanningbedsthoughithasn’tyetbeenimplemented.Therearenoplansfor64intherestoftheU.K. TheWorldHealthOrganizationhaspreviouslyrecommendedthattanningbedsberegulatedbecauseoftheirpotentialtodamageDNAintheskin. Expertssaidmostdeadlyskincancerscouldbe65ifpeopletooktheproperprecautionswheninthesunandavoidedtanningbeds. 57
SkinCancer Melanoma黑素瘤thedeadliestkindofskincancerisnowthemostcommoncancerin51Britishwomenthecountry’sleadingcancerorganizationsaidWednesday.Skincancerhas52cervical子宫颈的cancerasthetopcancerstrikingwomenintheir20saccordingtothelatestdatafromCancerResearchUnitedKingdom. Thetrendisparticularly53sinceyoungerpeoplearenotgenerallythosemostsusceptible易患的tomelanoma.Ratesofskincancerare54highestinpeopleoverage75. Butexpertsworrythatincreasingnumbersofyoungerpeoplebeingdiagnosedwithskincancercouldbethe55ofadangeroustrend.Womenintheir20smake56asmallpercentageofallpatientsdiagnosedwithmelanomainBritainbutnearlyathirdofallcasesoccurinpeopleyoungerthan50. BasedoncurrentnumbersCancerResearchUKpredictsthatmelanomawillbecomethefourth57commoncancerformenandwomenofallagesby2024andthatcaseswilljumpfromabout9000casesayeartomorethan15500. Cancerexperts58therisingnumberofskincancercaseslargelytothesurgeinpeopleusingtanningsalons."Spendingtimeonsunbedsisjustas59asstayingouttoolonginthesun"saidCarolineCernyofCancerResearchUK.TheorganizationisstartingaSunSmart60towarnBritonsofthedangersofbeingtoobronzed. "Theintensityofultravioletraysinsomesunbedscanbemorethan1061strongerthanthemiddaysun"Cernysaid. IntheUnitedStatesseveralstatesrequireparentalapproval62minorscanusetanningsalons.Wisconsinbanspeople16and63fromusingtanningbedsandothersbanchildrenunder14.Atleast29stateshaveregulationsgoverningminors’useoftanningsalons. IntheU.K.Scottishpoliticianspassedlegislationbanningthoseunder18fromusingtanningbedsthoughithasn’tyetbeenimplemented.Therearenoplansfor64intherestoftheU.K. TheWorldHealthOrganizationhaspreviouslyrecommendedthattanningbedsberegulatedbecauseoftheirpotentialtodamageDNAintheskin. Expertssaidmostdeadlyskincancerscouldbe65ifpeopletooktheproperprecautionswheninthesunandavoidedtanningbeds. 61
UsingHIVVirustoCureCancerScientistsareplanningtousehumanimmunodeficiency免疫缺陷virusHIVoneofmankind’smostfearedvirusesasacarrierofgeneswhichcanfightcancerandarangeofdiseasesthatcannotbecured.TheexpertssayHIVhasanalmostperfectabilitytoavoidthebody’simmune免疫的defensesmakingitidealforcarryingreplacementgenesintopatients’bodiesaccordingtotheObserver.TheHIVvirushascausedmoredeathsindevelopedcountries.A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned
SkinCancer Melanoma黑素瘤thedeadliestkindofskincancerisnowthemostcommoncancerin51Britishwomenthecountry’sleadingcancerorganizationsaidWednesday.Skincancerhas52cervical子宫颈的cancerasthetopcancerstrikingwomenintheir20saccordingtothelatestdatafromCancerResearchUnitedKingdom. Thetrendisparticularly53sinceyoungerpeoplearenotgenerallythosemostsusceptible易患的tomelanoma.Ratesofskincancerare54highestinpeopleoverage75. Butexpertsworrythatincreasingnumbersofyoungerpeoplebeingdiagnosedwithskincancercouldbethe55ofadangeroustrend.Womenintheir20smake56asmallpercentageofallpatientsdiagnosedwithmelanomainBritainbutnearlyathirdofallcasesoccurinpeopleyoungerthan50. BasedoncurrentnumbersCancerResearchUKpredictsthatmelanomawillbecomethefourth57commoncancerformenandwomenofallagesby2024andthatcaseswilljumpfromabout9000casesayeartomorethan15500. Cancerexperts58therisingnumberofskincancercaseslargelytothesurgeinpeopleusingtanningsalons."Spendingtimeonsunbedsisjustas59asstayingouttoolonginthesun"saidCarolineCernyofCancerResearchUK.TheorganizationisstartingaSunSmart60towarnBritonsofthedangersofbeingtoobronzed. "Theintensityofultravioletraysinsomesunbedscanbemorethan1061strongerthanthemiddaysun"Cernysaid. IntheUnitedStatesseveralstatesrequireparentalapproval62minorscanusetanningsalons.Wisconsinbanspeople16and63fromusingtanningbedsandothersbanchildrenunder14.Atleast29stateshaveregulationsgoverningminors’useoftanningsalons. IntheU.K.Scottishpoliticianspassedlegislationbanningthoseunder18fromusingtanningbedsthoughithasn’tyetbeenimplemented.Therearenoplansfor64intherestoftheU.K. TheWorldHealthOrganizationhaspreviouslyrecommendedthattanningbedsberegulatedbecauseoftheirpotentialtodamageDNAintheskin. Expertssaidmostdeadlyskincancerscouldbe65ifpeopletooktheproperprecautionswheninthesunandavoidedtanningbeds. 55
Youdon'tneedtocarrylargeamountsofcash;actuallyallfinancialbusinesseswillbeconductedbycomputers.
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