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阅读下面的短文文章中有5处空白文章后面有6组文字请根据文章的内容选择5组文字将其分别放回文章原有位置
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阅读下面的短文文章中有5处空白文章后面有6组文字请根据文章的内容选择5组文字将其分别放回文章原有位置
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阅读下面的短文文章有5处空白文章后面有6组文字请根据文章的内容选择5组文字将其分别放回文章原有位置以
阅读下面的短文文章中有5处空白文章后面有6组文字请根据文章的内容选择5组文字将其分别放回文章原有位置
阅读下面的短文文章中有5处空白文章后面有6组文字请根据文章的内容选择5组文字将其分别放回文章原有位置
? ?阅读下面的短文文章中有5处空白文章后面有6组文字请根据文章的内容选择5组文字将其分别放回文章
阅读下面的短文文章中有5处空白文章后面有6组文字请根据文章的内容选择5组文字将其分别放回文章原有位置
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Language Whenmostofusthinkaboutlanguagewethinkfirstaboutwords.Thusthehardestpartoflearningaforeignlanguagemayseemtobememorizing【51】vocabulary;whenweobserveachildfirstacquiringspeechwetalkofhisprogress【52】amatteroflearningnewwords.Wearealso【53】tofeelthattheadultspeakerwiththelargestvocabularyhasthebest【54】ofEnglish.Tothink【55】alanguageasjustastockofwordsis【56】quitewrong.Wordsalonedonot【57】alanguage;agrammaris【58】tocombinetheminsomeintelligibleway.Moreoverwordsarerelativelyeasytolearnandindeedallofusgo【59】learningthemallour【60】.Theyarealsothe【61】stablepartoflanguage.Wordscomeinto【62】changetheirpronunciationsandmeaningsanddisappearcompletelyallwithcomparativeease.Yetitistruethatthe【63】isfocusoflanguage.Itisinwords【64】soundsandmeaningsinterlocktoallowusto【65】withoneanotheranditiswordsthatwearrangetogethertomakesentencesconversationsanddiscourseofallkinds.Thuswehaveaparadoxinthatthemostshort-livedpartoflanguageisalsothecentrewheremeaningpronunciationandgrammarcometogether.
GlobalWarmingandTechnologicalchanges Recentstudieshaveidentifiedfourmajorglobalenvironmentalrisks:acidrainozonedepletiondeforestationandthegreenhouseeffect.OnthewholethankstotechnologicalchangespeoplenowtendtomovetowardwarmerregionsinNorthAmericaandEurope.ClimatewarmingwillprobablybeaboontoAlaskawhichisAmerica’’sleastproductivestateinGrossNationalProductGNPpersquaremile. StudiesoftheimpactofglobalwarmingontheUnitedStatesandotherdevelopedregionsfindthatthemostvulnerableareasarethosedependentonunmanagedecosystems—onnaturallyoccurringrainfallrun-offandtemperaturesandtheextremesofthesevariables.Agricultureforestryandcoastalactivitiesfallintothiscategory. Mosteconomicactivityinindustrializedcountrieshoweverdependsverylittleontheclimate.Intensive-careunitsofhospitalscommunicationsheavymanufacturingandmicroelectronicsareamongthesectorslikelytobeunaffectedbyclimaticchange.InselectingwhethertosetupinsayHongKongorinWarsawfewbusinesseswillconsidertemperatureaweightyfactor. GreenhousewarmingwouldhavelittleeffectonAmericasnationaloutput.About3%ofAmericanGNPoriginatesinclimatesensitivesectorssuchasfarmingandforestry.Another10%comesfromsectorsonlymodestlysensitive-energywatersystemspropertyandconstruction.Forthelargestshare87%comesfromsectorsincludingmostservicesthatarenegligiblyaffectedbyclimatechange. ClimatewarmingwillprobablynotbeablessingtoAlaska.
Language Whenmostofusthinkaboutlanguagewethinkfirstaboutwords.Thusthehardestpartoflearningaforeignlanguagemayseemtobememorizing【51】vocabulary;whenweobserveachildfirstacquiringspeechwetalkofhisprogress【52】amatteroflearningnewwords.Wearealso【53】tofeelthattheadultspeakerwiththelargestvocabularyhasthebest【54】ofEnglish.Tothink【55】alanguageasjustastockofwordsis【56】quitewrong.Wordsalonedonot【57】alanguage;agrammaris【58】tocombinetheminsomeintelligibleway.Moreoverwordsarerelativelyeasytolearnandindeedallofusgo【59】learningthemallour【60】.Theyarealsothe【61】stablepartoflanguage.Wordscomeinto【62】changetheirpronunciationsandmeaningsanddisappearcompletelyallwithcomparativeease.Yetitistruethatthe【63】isfocusoflanguage.Itisinwords【64】soundsandmeaningsinterlocktoallowusto【65】withoneanotheranditiswordsthatwearrangetogethertomakesentencesconversationsanddiscourseofallkinds.Thuswehaveaparadoxinthatthemostshort-livedpartoflanguageisalsothecentrewheremeaningpronunciationandgrammarcometogether.
Biotechnology Biotechnologyinoneformoranotherhasflourishedsinceprehistorictimes.Whenthefirsthumanbeingsrealizedthattheycouldplanttheirowncropsandbreedtheirownanimalstheylearnedtousebiotechnology.Thediscoverythatfruitjuicesfermented发酵inwineorthatmilkcouldbeconvertedintocheeseoryogurt酸乳酶orthatbeercouldbemadebyfermentingsolutionsofmalt麦芽andhops啤酒花beganthestudyofbiotechnology.Whenthefirstbakersfoundthattheycouldmakeasoftspongy多乳的breadratherthanafirmthincrackertheywe’’reactingasfledgling缺乏经验的biotechnologists.Thefirstanimalbreedersrealizingthatdifferentphysicaltraitscouldbeeithermagnifiedorlostbymatingappropriatepairsofanimalsengagedinthemanipulationsofbiotechnology. Whatthenisbiotechnology?Thetermbringstominddifferentthings.Somethinkofdevelopingnewtypesofanimals.Othersdreamofalmostunlimitedsourcesofhumantherapeutic治疗的drugs.Stillothersenvision想象thepossibilityofgrowingcropsthataremorenutritious有养分的andnaturallypest-resistant有抵抗力的tofeedarapidlygrowingworldpopulation.Thisquestionelicits引发almostasmanyfirst-thoughtresponsesastherearepeopletowhomthequestioncanbeposed.Initspurestformthetermbiotechnologyreferstotheuseoflivingorganismsortheirproductstomodifyhumanhealthandthehumanenvironment.Prehistoricbiotechnologistsdidthisastheyusedyeastcellstoraisebreaddough生面团andtofermentalcoholicbeveragesandbacterialcellstomakecheesesandyogurtsandastheybredtheirstrongproductiveanimalstomakeevenstrongerandmoreproductiveoffspring.Throughouthumanhistorywehavelearnedagreatdealaboutthedifferentorganismsthatourancestorsusedsoeffectively.Themarkedincreaseinourunderstandingoftheseorganismsandtheircellproductsgainsustheabilitytocontrolthemanyfunctionsofvariouscellsandorganisms.Usingthetechniquesofgenesplicing叠接andrecombineDNAtechnologywecannowactuallycombinethegeneticelementsoftwoormorelivingcells.FunctioninglengthsofDNAcanbetakenfromoneorganismandplacedintothecellsofanotherorganism.Asaresultforexamplewecancausebacterialcellstoproducehumanmoleculescowscanproducemoremilkorthesameamountoffeedandwecansynthesizetherapeuticmoleculesthathaveneverbeforeexisted. Thehumanbeingsbegantousebiotechnology______.
Language Whenmostofusthinkaboutlanguagewethinkfirstaboutwords.Thusthehardestpartoflearningaforeignlanguagemayseemtobememorizing【51】vocabulary;whenweobserveachildfirstacquiringspeechwetalkofhisprogress【52】amatteroflearningnewwords.Wearealso【53】tofeelthattheadultspeakerwiththelargestvocabularyhasthebest【54】ofEnglish.Tothink【55】alanguageasjustastockofwordsis【56】quitewrong.Wordsalonedonot【57】alanguage;agrammaris【58】tocombinetheminsomeintelligibleway.Moreoverwordsarerelativelyeasytolearnandindeedallofusgo【59】learningthemallour【60】.Theyarealsothe【61】stablepartoflanguage.Wordscomeinto【62】changetheirpronunciationsandmeaningsanddisappearcompletelyallwithcomparativeease.Yetitistruethatthe【63】isfocusoflanguage.Itisinwords【64】soundsandmeaningsinterlocktoallowusto【65】withoneanotheranditiswordsthatwearrangetogethertomakesentencesconversationsanddiscourseofallkinds.Thuswehaveaparadoxinthatthemostshort-livedpartoflanguageisalsothecentrewheremeaningpronunciationandgrammarcometogether.
RichardWagner RichardWagner1813~1883isregardedbymany【51】TheRevolutionistofOperawhodemolishedalloldformsandwhoreconstructedthemusicdrama【52】principlesentirelyhisown.Inthestrictest【53】thisbeliefisnotjustifiedforWagnersimplyreturnedtotheoldestversionofthemusicdrama.HefoundthattheidealconstructionoftheoperainFlorencehadbeentoproduceworkinwhichthemusicdramaandinterpretationshouldbe【54】equalimportance.WagnerstudiedthechangesandabuseswhichGluckhad【55】correctandfoundthattheopera【56】ofthenineteenthcenturyhad【57】backintomanyoftheoldcustomswiththeresultthattherewasnolongeracomplete【58】ofthethreefundamentalsofopera. WagnertellsusinhisautobiographythathisearlylifewasinfluencedbythedramasofShakespearthesymphoniesofBeethovenandtheoperasofVonWeber.HisfirstoperaswereconstructedonthelinesoftheFrenchgrandopera.Thefirsttwowereabsolutefailuresbutwiththe【59】ofRienziin1842Wagnerwasproclaimedtheequalifnotthesuperior【60】BelliniDonizettiandMeyerbeer.Inthewritingofthisworkhehaddiscoveredthedramaticabsurditiesoftheform【61】inhisnextworkTheFlyingDutchmanheattemptedhisfirstimportantuseoftheleitmotiforcharacteristic【62】forhisdifferentpersonagesandalsousedthesethemesinanticipationoftheadventofhischaractersinamannerhelaterdescribedasmakingtheaudienceapartofthebeing.【63】hiswaytoDresdentoconductRienziWagnervisitedtheWartburgCastleandtherehebecamefamiliar【64】thelegendarystorieswhichheusedinallhislaterworks.TannhausergivesanactualdescriptionoftheMinnesingerKnightswhoinspiredWagner【65】TeutonicversionsofTheRingoftheNibelungsLohengrinTristanandIsoldeandParsifal.
Language Whenmostofusthinkaboutlanguagewethinkfirstaboutwords.Thusthehardestpartoflearningaforeignlanguagemayseemtobememorizing【51】vocabulary;whenweobserveachildfirstacquiringspeechwetalkofhisprogress【52】amatteroflearningnewwords.Wearealso【53】tofeelthattheadultspeakerwiththelargestvocabularyhasthebest【54】ofEnglish.Tothink【55】alanguageasjustastockofwordsis【56】quitewrong.Wordsalonedonot【57】alanguage;agrammaris【58】tocombinetheminsomeintelligibleway.Moreoverwordsarerelativelyeasytolearnandindeedallofusgo【59】learningthemallour【60】.Theyarealsothe【61】stablepartoflanguage.Wordscomeinto【62】changetheirpronunciationsandmeaningsanddisappearcompletelyallwithcomparativeease.Yetitistruethatthe【63】isfocusoflanguage.Itisinwords【64】soundsandmeaningsinterlocktoallowusto【65】withoneanotheranditiswordsthatwearrangetogethertomakesentencesconversationsanddiscourseofallkinds.Thuswehaveaparadoxinthatthemostshort-livedpartoflanguageisalsothecentrewheremeaningpronunciationandgrammarcometogether.
GlobalWarmingandTechnologicalchanges Recentstudieshaveidentifiedfourmajorglobalenvironmentalrisks:acidrainozonedepletiondeforestationandthegreenhouseeffect.OnthewholethankstotechnologicalchangespeoplenowtendtomovetowardwarmerregionsinNorthAmericaandEurope.ClimatewarmingwillprobablybeaboontoAlaskawhichisAmerica’’sleastproductivestateinGrossNationalProductGNPpersquaremile. StudiesoftheimpactofglobalwarmingontheUnitedStatesandotherdevelopedregionsfindthatthemostvulnerableareasarethosedependentonunmanagedecosystems—onnaturallyoccurringrainfallrun-offandtemperaturesandtheextremesofthesevariables.Agricultureforestryandcoastalactivitiesfallintothiscategory. Mosteconomicactivityinindustrializedcountrieshoweverdependsverylittleontheclimate.Intensive-careunitsofhospitalscommunicationsheavymanufacturingandmicroelectronicsareamongthesectorslikelytobeunaffectedbyclimaticchange.InselectingwhethertosetupinsayHongKongorinWarsawfewbusinesseswillconsidertemperatureaweightyfactor. GreenhousewarmingwouldhavelittleeffectonAmericasnationaloutput.About3%ofAmericanGNPoriginatesinclimatesensitivesectorssuchasfarmingandforestry.Another10%comesfromsectorsonlymodestlysensitive-energywatersystemspropertyandconstruction.Forthelargestshare87%comesfromsectorsincludingmostservicesthatarenegligiblyaffectedbyclimatechange. Ozonedepletionisnotaenvironmentalproblem.
Biotechnology Biotechnologyinoneformoranotherhasflourishedsinceprehistorictimes.Whenthefirsthumanbeingsrealizedthattheycouldplanttheirowncropsandbreedtheirownanimalstheylearnedtousebiotechnology.Thediscoverythatfruitjuicesfermented发酵inwineorthatmilkcouldbeconvertedintocheeseoryogurt酸乳酶orthatbeercouldbemadebyfermentingsolutionsofmalt麦芽andhops啤酒花beganthestudyofbiotechnology.Whenthefirstbakersfoundthattheycouldmakeasoftspongy多乳的breadratherthanafirmthincrackertheywe’’reactingasfledgling缺乏经验的biotechnologists.Thefirstanimalbreedersrealizingthatdifferentphysicaltraitscouldbeeithermagnifiedorlostbymatingappropriatepairsofanimalsengagedinthemanipulationsofbiotechnology. Whatthenisbiotechnology?Thetermbringstominddifferentthings.Somethinkofdevelopingnewtypesofanimals.Othersdreamofalmostunlimitedsourcesofhumantherapeutic治疗的drugs.Stillothersenvision想象thepossibilityofgrowingcropsthataremorenutritious有养分的andnaturallypest-resistant有抵抗力的tofeedarapidlygrowingworldpopulation.Thisquestionelicits引发almostasmanyfirst-thoughtresponsesastherearepeopletowhomthequestioncanbeposed.Initspurestformthetermbiotechnologyreferstotheuseoflivingorganismsortheirproductstomodifyhumanhealthandthehumanenvironment.Prehistoricbiotechnologistsdidthisastheyusedyeastcellstoraisebreaddough生面团andtofermentalcoholicbeveragesandbacterialcellstomakecheesesandyogurtsandastheybredtheirstrongproductiveanimalstomakeevenstrongerandmoreproductiveoffspring.Throughouthumanhistorywehavelearnedagreatdealaboutthedifferentorganismsthatourancestorsusedsoeffectively.Themarkedincreaseinourunderstandingoftheseorganismsandtheircellproductsgainsustheabilitytocontrolthemanyfunctionsofvariouscellsandorganisms.Usingthetechniquesofgenesplicing叠接andrecombineDNAtechnologywecannowactuallycombinethegeneticelementsoftwoormorelivingcells.FunctioninglengthsofDNAcanbetakenfromoneorganismandplacedintothecellsofanotherorganism.Asaresultforexamplewecancausebacterialcellstoproducehumanmoleculescowscanproducemoremilkorthesameamountoffeedandwecansynthesizetherapeuticmoleculesthathaveneverbeforeexisted. Thetermbiotechnologymaybringdifferentthingstomindexcept______.
RichardWagner RichardWagner1813~1883isregardedbymany【51】TheRevolutionistofOperawhodemolishedalloldformsandwhoreconstructedthemusicdrama【52】principlesentirelyhisown.Inthestrictest【53】thisbeliefisnotjustifiedforWagnersimplyreturnedtotheoldestversionofthemusicdrama.HefoundthattheidealconstructionoftheoperainFlorencehadbeentoproduceworkinwhichthemusicdramaandinterpretationshouldbe【54】equalimportance.WagnerstudiedthechangesandabuseswhichGluckhad【55】correctandfoundthattheopera【56】ofthenineteenthcenturyhad【57】backintomanyoftheoldcustomswiththeresultthattherewasnolongeracomplete【58】ofthethreefundamentalsofopera. WagnertellsusinhisautobiographythathisearlylifewasinfluencedbythedramasofShakespearthesymphoniesofBeethovenandtheoperasofVonWeber.HisfirstoperaswereconstructedonthelinesoftheFrenchgrandopera.Thefirsttwowereabsolutefailuresbutwiththe【59】ofRienziin1842Wagnerwasproclaimedtheequalifnotthesuperior【60】BelliniDonizettiandMeyerbeer.Inthewritingofthisworkhehaddiscoveredthedramaticabsurditiesoftheform【61】inhisnextworkTheFlyingDutchmanheattemptedhisfirstimportantuseoftheleitmotiforcharacteristic【62】forhisdifferentpersonagesandalsousedthesethemesinanticipationoftheadventofhischaractersinamannerhelaterdescribedasmakingtheaudienceapartofthebeing.【63】hiswaytoDresdentoconductRienziWagnervisitedtheWartburgCastleandtherehebecamefamiliar【64】thelegendarystorieswhichheusedinallhislaterworks.TannhausergivesanactualdescriptionoftheMinnesingerKnightswhoinspiredWagner【65】TeutonicversionsofTheRingoftheNibelungsLohengrinTristanandIsoldeandParsifal.
Biotechnology Biotechnologyinoneformoranotherhasflourishedsinceprehistorictimes.Whenthefirsthumanbeingsrealizedthattheycouldplanttheirowncropsandbreedtheirownanimalstheylearnedtousebiotechnology.Thediscoverythatfruitjuicesfermented发酵inwineorthatmilkcouldbeconvertedintocheeseoryogurt酸乳酶orthatbeercouldbemadebyfermentingsolutionsofmalt麦芽andhops啤酒花beganthestudyofbiotechnology.Whenthefirstbakersfoundthattheycouldmakeasoftspongy多乳的breadratherthanafirmthincrackertheywe’’reactingasfledgling缺乏经验的biotechnologists.Thefirstanimalbreedersrealizingthatdifferentphysicaltraitscouldbeeithermagnifiedorlostbymatingappropriatepairsofanimalsengagedinthemanipulationsofbiotechnology. Whatthenisbiotechnology?Thetermbringstominddifferentthings.Somethinkofdevelopingnewtypesofanimals.Othersdreamofalmostunlimitedsourcesofhumantherapeutic治疗的drugs.Stillothersenvision想象thepossibilityofgrowingcropsthataremorenutritious有养分的andnaturallypest-resistant有抵抗力的tofeedarapidlygrowingworldpopulation.Thisquestionelicits引发almostasmanyfirst-thoughtresponsesastherearepeopletowhomthequestioncanbeposed.Initspurestformthetermbiotechnologyreferstotheuseoflivingorganismsortheirproductstomodifyhumanhealthandthehumanenvironment.Prehistoricbiotechnologistsdidthisastheyusedyeastcellstoraisebreaddough生面团andtofermentalcoholicbeveragesandbacterialcellstomakecheesesandyogurtsandastheybredtheirstrongproductiveanimalstomakeevenstrongerandmoreproductiveoffspring.Throughouthumanhistorywehavelearnedagreatdealaboutthedifferentorganismsthatourancestorsusedsoeffectively.Themarkedincreaseinourunderstandingoftheseorganismsandtheircellproductsgainsustheabilitytocontrolthemanyfunctionsofvariouscellsandorganisms.Usingthetechniquesofgenesplicing叠接andrecombineDNAtechnologywecannowactuallycombinethegeneticelementsoftwoormorelivingcells.FunctioninglengthsofDNAcanbetakenfromoneorganismandplacedintothecellsofanotherorganism.Asaresultforexamplewecancausebacterialcellstoproducehumanmoleculescowscanproducemoremilkorthesameamountoffeedandwecansynthesizetherapeuticmoleculesthathaveneverbeforeexisted. Biotechnologyenablesus______.
StressLevelTiedtoEducationLevel PeoplewithlesseducationsufferfewerstressfuldaysaccordingtoareportinthecurrentissueoftheJournalofHealthandSocialBehavior. Howeverthestudyalsofoundthatwhenless-educatedpeopledidsufferstressitwasmoresevereandhadalargerimpactontheirhealth. Fromthisresearchershaveconcludedthattheday-to-dayfactorsthatcausestressarenotrandom.Whereyouareinsocietydeterminesthekindsofproblemsthatyouhaveeachdayandhowwellyouwillcopewiththem. Theresearchteaminterviewedanationalsampleof1031adultsdailyforeightdaysabouttheirstresslevelandhealth.Peoplewithoutahighschooldiplomareportedstresson30percentofthestudydayspeoplewithahighschooldegreereportedstress38percentofthetimeandpeoplewithcollegedegreesreportedstress44percentofthetime. Lessadvantagedpeoplearelesshealthyonadailybasisandaremorelikelytohavedownwardturnsintheirhealth.leadresearcherDr.JosephGrzywaczofWakeForestUniversityBaptistMedicalCentersaidinapreparedstatement.Thedownwardturnsinhealthwereconnectedwithdailystressorsandtheeffectofdailystressorsontheirhealthismuchmoredevastatingforthelessadvantaged. Grzywaczsuggestedfollow-upresearchtodeterminewhyless-educatedpeoplereportfewerdaysofstresswhenitisknowntheirstressismoreacuteandchronic. Ifsomethinghappenseverydaymaybeit’’snotseenasastressorGrzywaczsays.Maybeitisjustlife. stressfuladj.紧张的压力重的 diploman.毕业文凭毕业证书 stressorn.紧张刺激物 devastatingadj.毁灭性的 follow-upn.对病人的随访 The1031adultswereinterviewed______.
Abarehillappearsbehindthejungle.
CapitalpunishmentwasabolishedsomeyearsagoinsomestatesoftheU.S.
Istheclockinthetoweraccurate?
RichardWagner RichardWagner1813~1883isregardedbymany【51】TheRevolutionistofOperawhodemolishedalloldformsandwhoreconstructedthemusicdrama【52】principlesentirelyhisown.Inthestrictest【53】thisbeliefisnotjustifiedforWagnersimplyreturnedtotheoldestversionofthemusicdrama.HefoundthattheidealconstructionoftheoperainFlorencehadbeentoproduceworkinwhichthemusicdramaandinterpretationshouldbe【54】equalimportance.WagnerstudiedthechangesandabuseswhichGluckhad【55】correctandfoundthattheopera【56】ofthenineteenthcenturyhad【57】backintomanyoftheoldcustomswiththeresultthattherewasnolongeracomplete【58】ofthethreefundamentalsofopera. WagnertellsusinhisautobiographythathisearlylifewasinfluencedbythedramasofShakespearthesymphoniesofBeethovenandtheoperasofVonWeber.HisfirstoperaswereconstructedonthelinesoftheFrenchgrandopera.Thefirsttwowereabsolutefailuresbutwiththe【59】ofRienziin1842Wagnerwasproclaimedtheequalifnotthesuperior【60】BelliniDonizettiandMeyerbeer.Inthewritingofthisworkhehaddiscoveredthedramaticabsurditiesoftheform【61】inhisnextworkTheFlyingDutchmanheattemptedhisfirstimportantuseoftheleitmotiforcharacteristic【62】forhisdifferentpersonagesandalsousedthesethemesinanticipationoftheadventofhischaractersinamannerhelaterdescribedasmakingtheaudienceapartofthebeing.【63】hiswaytoDresdentoconductRienziWagnervisitedtheWartburgCastleandtherehebecamefamiliar【64】thelegendarystorieswhichheusedinallhislaterworks.TannhausergivesanactualdescriptionoftheMinnesingerKnightswhoinspiredWagner【65】TeutonicversionsofTheRingoftheNibelungsLohengrinTristanandIsoldeandParsifal.
Language Whenmostofusthinkaboutlanguagewethinkfirstaboutwords.Thusthehardestpartoflearningaforeignlanguagemayseemtobememorizing【51】vocabulary;whenweobserveachildfirstacquiringspeechwetalkofhisprogress【52】amatteroflearningnewwords.Wearealso【53】tofeelthattheadultspeakerwiththelargestvocabularyhasthebest【54】ofEnglish.Tothink【55】alanguageasjustastockofwordsis【56】quitewrong.Wordsalonedonot【57】alanguage;agrammaris【58】tocombinetheminsomeintelligibleway.Moreoverwordsarerelativelyeasytolearnandindeedallofusgo【59】learningthemallour【60】.Theyarealsothe【61】stablepartoflanguage.Wordscomeinto【62】changetheirpronunciationsandmeaningsanddisappearcompletelyallwithcomparativeease.Yetitistruethatthe【63】isfocusoflanguage.Itisinwords【64】soundsandmeaningsinterlocktoallowusto【65】withoneanotheranditiswordsthatwearrangetogethertomakesentencesconversationsanddiscourseofallkinds.Thuswehaveaparadoxinthatthemostshort-livedpartoflanguageisalsothecentrewheremeaningpronunciationandgrammarcometogether.
AHierarchyofHormones Allofthecellsinaparticularplantstartoutwiththesamecomplementofgenes.Howthencanthesecellsdifferentiateandfromstructuresasdifferentasrootsstemsleavesandfruits?Theansweristhatonlyasmallsubsetofthegenesinaparticularkindofcellareexpressedorturnedonatagiventime.Thisisaccomplishedbyacomplexsystemofchemicalmessengersthatinplantsincludehormonesandotherregulatorymolecules.Fivemajorhormoneshavebeenidentified;auxin生长素abscisicacid脱落酸cytokinin细胞激动素hetylene乙烯andgibberellin赤霉素.Studiesofplantshavenowidentifiedanewclassofregulatorymoleculescalledoligosaccharins. Unliketheoligosaccharinsthefivewell-knownplanthormonesarepleiotropic多向性的ratherthanspecificthatiseachhasmorethanoneeffectonthegrowthanddevelopmentofplants.Thefivehavesomanysimultaneouseffectsthattheyarenotveryusefulinartificiallycontrollingthegrowthofcrops.Auxinforinstancestimulatestherateofcellelongation拉长causesshootstogrowupandrootstogrowdownandinhibitsthegrowthoflateral侧面的shoots.Auxinalsocausestheplanttodevelopavascular维管的systemtofromlateralrootsandtoproduceethylene. Thepleiotropyofthefivewell-studiedplanthormonesissomewhatanalogous类似的tothatofcertainhormonesinanimal.Forexamplehormonesfromthehypothalamus下五脑inthebrainstimulatetheanterior前面的lobeofthepituitaryglandtosynthesizeandreleasemanydifferenthormonesoneofwhichstimulatesthereleaseofhormonesfromtheadrenal肾上腺的cortex皮质|.Thesehormoneshavespecificeffectsontargetorgansalloverthebody.Onehormonestimulatesthethyroid甲状腺的glandforexampleanothertheovarian子房folliclecellsandsoforth.Inotherwordsthereisahierarchy统治集团ofhormones. Suchahierarchymayalsoexistinplants.Oligosaccharinsarefragmentsofthecellwallreleasedbyenzymes酶:differentenzymesreleasedifferentoligosaccharins.Thereareindicationsthatpleiotropicplanthormonesmayactuallyfunctionbyactivatingtheenzymesthatreleasetheseothermorespecificchemicalmessengersfromthecellwall. Thepassagesuggeststhatunlikethepleiotropiohormonesoligosaccharinscouldbeusedeffectivelyto______.
Mr.Jacksonwantstogiveoutthisnewsassoonaspossible.
Language Whenmostofusthinkaboutlanguagewethinkfirstaboutwords.Thusthehardestpartoflearningaforeignlanguagemayseemtobememorizing【51】vocabulary;whenweobserveachildfirstacquiringspeechwetalkofhisprogress【52】amatteroflearningnewwords.Wearealso【53】tofeelthattheadultspeakerwiththelargestvocabularyhasthebest【54】ofEnglish.Tothink【55】alanguageasjustastockofwordsis【56】quitewrong.Wordsalonedonot【57】alanguage;agrammaris【58】tocombinetheminsomeintelligibleway.Moreoverwordsarerelativelyeasytolearnandindeedallofusgo【59】learningthemallour【60】.Theyarealsothe【61】stablepartoflanguage.Wordscomeinto【62】changetheirpronunciationsandmeaningsanddisappearcompletelyallwithcomparativeease.Yetitistruethatthe【63】isfocusoflanguage.Itisinwords【64】soundsandmeaningsinterlocktoallowusto【65】withoneanotheranditiswordsthatwearrangetogethertomakesentencesconversationsanddiscourseofallkinds.Thuswehaveaparadoxinthatthemostshort-livedpartoflanguageisalsothecentrewheremeaningpronunciationandgrammarcometogether.
ProfessorClarkcontinuedhisresearchworkanddisregardedhiscolleague’’sadvice.
TheshortstoriesofKatherineMansfielddemonstrateherkeenperceptionsofhumancharacter.
Ispottedmyfatherinthecrowd.
GlobalWarmingandTechnologicalchanges Recentstudieshaveidentifiedfourmajorglobalenvironmentalrisks:acidrainozonedepletiondeforestationandthegreenhouseeffect.OnthewholethankstotechnologicalchangespeoplenowtendtomovetowardwarmerregionsinNorthAmericaandEurope.ClimatewarmingwillprobablybeaboontoAlaskawhichisAmerica’’sleastproductivestateinGrossNationalProductGNPpersquaremile. StudiesoftheimpactofglobalwarmingontheUnitedStatesandotherdevelopedregionsfindthatthemostvulnerableareasarethosedependentonunmanagedecosystems—onnaturallyoccurringrainfallrun-offandtemperaturesandtheextremesofthesevariables.Agricultureforestryandcoastalactivitiesfallintothiscategory. Mosteconomicactivityinindustrializedcountrieshoweverdependsverylittleontheclimate.Intensive-careunitsofhospitalscommunicationsheavymanufacturingandmicroelectronicsareamongthesectorslikelytobeunaffectedbyclimaticchange.InselectingwhethertosetupinsayHongKongorinWarsawfewbusinesseswillconsidertemperatureaweightyfactor. GreenhousewarmingwouldhavelittleeffectonAmericasnationaloutput.About3%ofAmericanGNPoriginatesinclimatesensitivesectorssuchasfarmingandforestry.Another10%comesfromsectorsonlymodestlysensitive-energywatersystemspropertyandconstruction.Forthelargestshare87%comesfromsectorsincludingmostservicesthatarenegligiblyaffectedbyclimatechange. 13%ofAmericanGNPcomefromsectorsaffectedbyclimatechanges.
StressLevelTiedtoEducationLevel PeoplewithlesseducationsufferfewerstressfuldaysaccordingtoareportinthecurrentissueoftheJournalofHealthandSocialBehavior. Howeverthestudyalsofoundthatwhenless-educatedpeopledidsufferstressitwasmoresevereandhadalargerimpactontheirhealth. Fromthisresearchershaveconcludedthattheday-to-dayfactorsthatcausestressarenotrandom.Whereyouareinsocietydeterminesthekindsofproblemsthatyouhaveeachdayandhowwellyouwillcopewiththem. Theresearchteaminterviewedanationalsampleof1031adultsdailyforeightdaysabouttheirstresslevelandhealth.Peoplewithoutahighschooldiplomareportedstresson30percentofthestudydayspeoplewithahighschooldegreereportedstress38percentofthetimeandpeoplewithcollegedegreesreportedstress44percentofthetime. Lessadvantagedpeoplearelesshealthyonadailybasisandaremorelikelytohavedownwardturnsintheirhealth.leadresearcherDr.JosephGrzywaczofWakeForestUniversityBaptistMedicalCentersaidinapreparedstatement.Thedownwardturnsinhealthwereconnectedwithdailystressorsandtheeffectofdailystressorsontheirhealthismuchmoredevastatingforthelessadvantaged. Grzywaczsuggestedfollow-upresearchtodeterminewhyless-educatedpeoplereportfewerdaysofstresswhenitisknowntheirstressismoreacuteandchronic. Ifsomethinghappenseverydaymaybeit’’snotseenasastressorGrzywaczsays.Maybeitisjustlife. stressfuladj.紧张的压力重的 diploman.毕业文凭毕业证书 stressorn.紧张刺激物 devastatingadj.毁灭性的 follow-upn.对病人的随访 Thelessadvantagedpeoplearethegreater______.
RichardWagner RichardWagner1813~1883isregardedbymany【51】TheRevolutionistofOperawhodemolishedalloldformsandwhoreconstructedthemusicdrama【52】principlesentirelyhisown.Inthestrictest【53】thisbeliefisnotjustifiedforWagnersimplyreturnedtotheoldestversionofthemusicdrama.HefoundthattheidealconstructionoftheoperainFlorencehadbeentoproduceworkinwhichthemusicdramaandinterpretationshouldbe【54】equalimportance.WagnerstudiedthechangesandabuseswhichGluckhad【55】correctandfoundthattheopera【56】ofthenineteenthcenturyhad【57】backintomanyoftheoldcustomswiththeresultthattherewasnolongeracomplete【58】ofthethreefundamentalsofopera. WagnertellsusinhisautobiographythathisearlylifewasinfluencedbythedramasofShakespearthesymphoniesofBeethovenandtheoperasofVonWeber.HisfirstoperaswereconstructedonthelinesoftheFrenchgrandopera.Thefirsttwowereabsolutefailuresbutwiththe【59】ofRienziin1842Wagnerwasproclaimedtheequalifnotthesuperior【60】BelliniDonizettiandMeyerbeer.Inthewritingofthisworkhehaddiscoveredthedramaticabsurditiesoftheform【61】inhisnextworkTheFlyingDutchmanheattemptedhisfirstimportantuseoftheleitmotiforcharacteristic【62】forhisdifferentpersonagesandalsousedthesethemesinanticipationoftheadventofhischaractersinamannerhelaterdescribedasmakingtheaudienceapartofthebeing.【63】hiswaytoDresdentoconductRienziWagnervisitedtheWartburgCastleandtherehebecamefamiliar【64】thelegendarystorieswhichheusedinallhislaterworks.TannhausergivesanactualdescriptionoftheMinnesingerKnightswhoinspiredWagner【65】TeutonicversionsofTheRingoftheNibelungsLohengrinTristanandIsoldeandParsifal.
AHierarchyofHormones Allofthecellsinaparticularplantstartoutwiththesamecomplementofgenes.Howthencanthesecellsdifferentiateandfromstructuresasdifferentasrootsstemsleavesandfruits?Theansweristhatonlyasmallsubsetofthegenesinaparticularkindofcellareexpressedorturnedonatagiventime.Thisisaccomplishedbyacomplexsystemofchemicalmessengersthatinplantsincludehormonesandotherregulatorymolecules.Fivemajorhormoneshavebeenidentified;auxin生长素abscisicacid脱落酸cytokinin细胞激动素hetylene乙烯andgibberellin赤霉素.Studiesofplantshavenowidentifiedanewclassofregulatorymoleculescalledoligosaccharins. Unliketheoligosaccharinsthefivewell-knownplanthormonesarepleiotropic多向性的ratherthanspecificthatiseachhasmorethanoneeffectonthegrowthanddevelopmentofplants.Thefivehavesomanysimultaneouseffectsthattheyarenotveryusefulinartificiallycontrollingthegrowthofcrops.Auxinforinstancestimulatestherateofcellelongation拉长causesshootstogrowupandrootstogrowdownandinhibitsthegrowthoflateral侧面的shoots.Auxinalsocausestheplanttodevelopavascular维管的systemtofromlateralrootsandtoproduceethylene. Thepleiotropyofthefivewell-studiedplanthormonesissomewhatanalogous类似的tothatofcertainhormonesinanimal.Forexamplehormonesfromthehypothalamus下五脑inthebrainstimulatetheanterior前面的lobeofthepituitaryglandtosynthesizeandreleasemanydifferenthormonesoneofwhichstimulatesthereleaseofhormonesfromtheadrenal肾上腺的cortex皮质|.Thesehormoneshavespecificeffectsontargetorgansalloverthebody.Onehormonestimulatesthethyroid甲状腺的glandforexampleanothertheovarian子房folliclecellsandsoforth.Inotherwordsthereisahierarchy统治集团ofhormones. Suchahierarchymayalsoexistinplants.Oligosaccharinsarefragmentsofthecellwallreleasedbyenzymes酶:differentenzymesreleasedifferentoligosaccharins.Thereareindicationsthatpleiotropicplanthormonesmayactuallyfunctionbyactivatingtheenzymesthatreleasetheseothermorespecificchemicalmessengersfromthecellwall. Theauthormentionsspecificeffectsthatauxinhasonplantdevelopmentinordertoillustratethe______
Itisnecessarytomakeanabstractwhilewritingareport.
Language Whenmostofusthinkaboutlanguagewethinkfirstaboutwords.Thusthehardestpartoflearningaforeignlanguagemayseemtobememorizing【51】vocabulary;whenweobserveachildfirstacquiringspeechwetalkofhisprogress【52】amatteroflearningnewwords.Wearealso【53】tofeelthattheadultspeakerwiththelargestvocabularyhasthebest【54】ofEnglish.Tothink【55】alanguageasjustastockofwordsis【56】quitewrong.Wordsalonedonot【57】alanguage;agrammaris【58】tocombinetheminsomeintelligibleway.Moreoverwordsarerelativelyeasytolearnandindeedallofusgo【59】learningthemallour【60】.Theyarealsothe【61】stablepartoflanguage.Wordscomeinto【62】changetheirpronunciationsandmeaningsanddisappearcompletelyallwithcomparativeease.Yetitistruethatthe【63】isfocusoflanguage.Itisinwords【64】soundsandmeaningsinterlocktoallowusto【65】withoneanotheranditiswordsthatwearrangetogethertomakesentencesconversationsanddiscourseofallkinds.Thuswehaveaparadoxinthatthemostshort-livedpartoflanguageisalsothecentrewheremeaningpronunciationandgrammarcometogether.
AHierarchyofHormones Allofthecellsinaparticularplantstartoutwiththesamecomplementofgenes.Howthencanthesecellsdifferentiateandfromstructuresasdifferentasrootsstemsleavesandfruits?Theansweristhatonlyasmallsubsetofthegenesinaparticularkindofcellareexpressedorturnedonatagiventime.Thisisaccomplishedbyacomplexsystemofchemicalmessengersthatinplantsincludehormonesandotherregulatorymolecules.Fivemajorhormoneshavebeenidentified;auxin生长素abscisicacid脱落酸cytokinin细胞激动素hetylene乙烯andgibberellin赤霉素.Studiesofplantshavenowidentifiedanewclassofregulatorymoleculescalledoligosaccharins. Unliketheoligosaccharinsthefivewell-knownplanthormonesarepleiotropic多向性的ratherthanspecificthatiseachhasmorethanoneeffectonthegrowthanddevelopmentofplants.Thefivehavesomanysimultaneouseffectsthattheyarenotveryusefulinartificiallycontrollingthegrowthofcrops.Auxinforinstancestimulatestherateofcellelongation拉长causesshootstogrowupandrootstogrowdownandinhibitsthegrowthoflateral侧面的shoots.Auxinalsocausestheplanttodevelopavascular维管的systemtofromlateralrootsandtoproduceethylene. Thepleiotropyofthefivewell-studiedplanthormonesissomewhatanalogous类似的tothatofcertainhormonesinanimal.Forexamplehormonesfromthehypothalamus下五脑inthebrainstimulatetheanterior前面的lobeofthepituitaryglandtosynthesizeandreleasemanydifferenthormonesoneofwhichstimulatesthereleaseofhormonesfromtheadrenal肾上腺的cortex皮质|.Thesehormoneshavespecificeffectsontargetorgansalloverthebody.Onehormonestimulatesthethyroid甲状腺的glandforexampleanothertheovarian子房folliclecellsandsoforth.Inotherwordsthereisahierarchy统治集团ofhormones. Suchahierarchymayalsoexistinplants.Oligosaccharinsarefragmentsofthecellwallreleasedbyenzymes酶:differentenzymesreleasedifferentoligosaccharins.Thereareindicationsthatpleiotropicplanthormonesmayactuallyfunctionbyactivatingtheenzymesthatreleasetheseothermorespecificchemicalmessengersfromthecellwall. Accordingtothepassagethefivewell-knownplanthormonesarenotusefulincontrollingthegrowthofcropsbecause______.
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