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The economy continued to{{U}}exhibit{{/U}} signs of decline in September
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WanttoBe100?ListentoThese5Centenarians百岁老人 FiveneighborsatacentralMissouriretirementcommunitywhoareallcentenariansgetaskedallthetime:Howdidyoulivetobe100? Ifyouwanttoliveto100ormorethisraregroupoffivegoldengirlssaysthekeytolongevity长寿isworkinghardatajobyouloveandtakingcareofyourbodywhileyou’reatit. Eventhoughanestimated70000peopleinthecountryarecurrentlyatthecenturymarkorbeyondinageitisunusualtofindfive100-year-oldslivinginoneplace. Theaveragelife-span寿命ofAmericansisabouttwoorthreeyearsshortofan80thbirthdayparty.Andmostpeopledon’twanttocutoutcoffeesodaalcoholcigarettesandeathealthyfood. Peopletellmeallthetime‘Idon’twanttolivetobe100’saidMildredLeaverwhoturned100inJune. Ithinkthat’sjustsad.AgingisattitudeandIdon’tfeeloldsaidLeaveraformereducatorwhostilldrivesherBuickaroundtown. Itdoesn’ttakelongtoseethatLeaverandherneighborsMildredHarrisGraceWolfsonGladysStuartandViolaSemashavealotmoreincommonthantheirlongevityandlifelonghealthyhabits.Allare100exceptStuartwhois101. Eventhoughtheirsightandhearingaren’twhattheyusedtobethey’veallavoidedillnessesthatmanyelderlypeoplearestrickenwith.It’sbeen50yearssinceLeaverbeatcancerforthefirstandonlytime. Thecommonthreadthatconnectsthesewomenisthedecadesofservicetojobseachlovedasafarmerdesignerschoolprincipalbookkeeperandsecretary.Intheearlyyearsoftheirlivesgainfullyemployedwomenlikethemwerejustasrareas100-year-oldsaretoday. Noneofthefivecentenarianshaveanychildren.
WanttoBe100?ListentoThese5Centenarians百岁老人 FiveneighborsatacentralMissouriretirementcommunitywhoareallcentenariansgetaskedallthetime:Howdidyoulivetobe100? Ifyouwanttoliveto100ormorethisraregroupoffivegoldengirlssaysthekeytolongevity长寿isworkinghardatajobyouloveandtakingcareofyourbodywhileyou’reatit. Eventhoughanestimated70000peopleinthecountryarecurrentlyatthecenturymarkorbeyondinageitisunusualtofindfive100-year-oldslivinginoneplace. Theaveragelife-span寿命ofAmericansisabouttwoorthreeyearsshortofan80thbirthdayparty.Andmostpeopledon’twanttocutoutcoffeesodaalcoholcigarettesandeathealthyfood. Peopletellmeallthetime‘Idon’twanttolivetobe100’saidMildredLeaverwhoturned100inJune. Ithinkthat’sjustsad.AgingisattitudeandIdon’tfeeloldsaidLeaveraformereducatorwhostilldrivesherBuickaroundtown. Itdoesn’ttakelongtoseethatLeaverandherneighborsMildredHarrisGraceWolfsonGladysStuartandViolaSemashavealotmoreincommonthantheirlongevityandlifelonghealthyhabits.Allare100exceptStuartwhois101. Eventhoughtheirsightandhearingaren’twhattheyusedtobethey’veallavoidedillnessesthatmanyelderlypeoplearestrickenwith.It’sbeen50yearssinceLeaverbeatcancerforthefirstandonlytime. Thecommonthreadthatconnectsthesewomenisthedecadesofservicetojobseachlovedasafarmerdesignerschoolprincipalbookkeeperandsecretary.Intheearlyyearsoftheirlivesgainfullyemployedwomenlikethemwerejustasrareas100-year-oldsaretoday. Currentlyabout70000peopleareaged100oraboveinAmerica.
RiseinNumberofCancerSurvivors CanceristhesecondleadingcauseofdeathintheUnitedStatesafterheartdisease.Inthe51itwasoftenconsideredadeathsentence.Butmanypatientsnowlivelonger52ofimprovementsindiscoveryandtreatment. Researcherssaydeath53intheUnitedStatesfromallcancerscombinedhavefallenforthirtyyears.Survivalrateshaveincreasedformostofthetopfifteencancersinbothmenandwomenandforcancersin54. TheNationalCancerInstituteandtheCentersforDiseaseControlandPreventionstudiedthenumberofcancersurvivors.Acancersurvivorisdefined55anyonewhohasbeenfoundtohavecancer.Thiswouldincludecurrentpatients. Thestudycoveredtheperiod561971to2001.Theresearchersfoundtherearethree57asmanycancersurvivorstodayastherewerethirtyyearsago.In1971theUnitedStateshadaboutthree-millioncancer58.Todaythereareaboutten-million. Thestudyalsofoundthat64%ofadultswithcancercanexpecttostillbe59infiveyears.Thirtyyearsagothefive-yearsurvivalratewas50%.Thegovernmentwantsto60thefive-yearsurvivalrateto70%by2010. Theriskofcancerincreaseswithage.Thereportsaysthemajorityofsurvivorsare65yearsand61. Butitsaysmedicalimprovementshavealsohelpedchildrenwithcancerlive62longer.Researcherssay80%ofchildrenwithcancerwillsurviveatleastfiveyearsafterthediscovery.About75%willsurviveat63tenyears. Inthe1970sthefive-yearsurvivalrateforchildrenwasabout50%.Inthe1960smostchildrendidnotsurvivecancer.Researcherssaythey64moreimprovementsincancertreatmentinthefuture.Infacttheysaytraditionalcancer-preventionprogramsarenotenoughanymore.Theysaypublichealthprogramsshouldalsoaimtosupportthe65numbersofcancersurvivorsandtheirfamilies.
来源:考试大-职称英语考试第二篇StudySaysDogsCanSmellCancer Dogsareknownfortheirsenseofsmell.Theycanfindmissingpeopleandthingslikebombsandillegaldrugs.Nowastudysuggeststhattheanimalknownasman’sbestfriendcanevenfindbladder膀胱cancer. Cancercellsarethoughttoproducechemicalswithunusualodors气味.Researchersthinkdogshavetheabilitytosmelltheseodorseveninverysmallamountsinurine尿.Thesenseofsmellindogsisthousandsoftimesbetterthaninhumans. Thestudyfollowsreportsofcaseswhereforexampleadogshowedgreatinterestinagrowthontheletofitsowner.Themole痣waslaterfoundtobeskincancer. CarolynWillisledateamofresearchersatAmershamHospitalinEngland.Theytraineddifferentkindsofdogsfortheexperiment.Thestudyinvolvedurinecollectedfrombladdercancerpatientsfrompeoplewithotherdiseasesandfromhealthypeople. Eachdogwastestedeighttimes.Ineachtestthereweresevensamplesforthedogstosmell.Thedogwassupposedtosignaltheonefromabladdercancerpatientbylyingdownnexttoit. Twocockerspaniels短腿长毛垂耳小猎犬werecorrectfifty-sixpercentofthetime.Butthescientistsreportedanaveragesuccessrateofforty-onepercent. Asagroupthestudyfoundthatthedogschosethecorrectsampletwenty-twooutoffifyt-fourtimes.Thatisalmostthreetimesmoreoftenthanwouldbeexpectedbychancealone. TheBritishMedicalJournalpublishedtheresearch.Inallthirty-sixbladdercancerpatientsandonehundredandeightotherpeopletookpart. Duringtrainingallthedogsreportedlyevenidentifiedacancerinapersonwhohadtestedhealthybeforethestudy.Doctorsfoundagrowthontheperson’srightkidney肾. Bladdercanceristheninthmostcommoncancerworldwide.TheInternationalAgencyforResearchonCancersaysthisdiseasekillsmorethanonehundredthousandpeopleeachyear.Doctorssaycigarettesmokingistheleadingcauseofbladdercancer. Participantsintheexperimentwere
RiseinNumberofCancerSurvivors CanceristhesecondleadingcauseofdeathintheUnitedStatesafterheartdisease.Inthe51itwasoftenconsideredadeathsentence.Butmanypatientsnowlivelonger52ofimprovementsindiscoveryandtreatment. Researcherssaydeath53intheUnitedStatesfromallcancerscombinedhavefallenforthirtyyears.Survivalrateshaveincreasedformostofthetopfifteencancersinbothmenandwomenandforcancersin54. TheNationalCancerInstituteandtheCentersforDiseaseControlandPreventionstudiedthenumberofcancersurvivors.Acancersurvivorisdefined55anyonewhohasbeenfoundtohavecancer.Thiswouldincludecurrentpatients. Thestudycoveredtheperiod561971to2001.Theresearchersfoundtherearethree57asmanycancersurvivorstodayastherewerethirtyyearsago.In1971theUnitedStateshadaboutthree-millioncancer58.Todaythereareaboutten-million. Thestudyalsofoundthat64%ofadultswithcancercanexpecttostillbe59infiveyears.Thirtyyearsagothefive-yearsurvivalratewas50%.Thegovernmentwantsto60thefive-yearsurvivalrateto70%by2010. Theriskofcancerincreaseswithage.Thereportsaysthemajorityofsurvivorsare65yearsand61. Butitsaysmedicalimprovementshavealsohelpedchildrenwithcancerlive62longer.Researcherssay80%ofchildrenwithcancerwillsurviveatleastfiveyearsafterthediscovery.About75%willsurviveat63tenyears. Inthe1970sthefive-yearsurvivalrateforchildrenwasabout50%.Inthe1960smostchildrendidnotsurvivecancer.Researcherssaythey64moreimprovementsincancertreatmentinthefuture.Infacttheysaytraditionalcancer-preventionprogramsarenotenoughanymore.Theysaypublichealthprogramsshouldalsoaimtosupportthe65numbersofcancersurvivorsandtheirfamilies.
{{*HTML*}}下面的短文后有2项测试任务1第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2～5段每段选择1个最佳标题2 第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定1个最佳选项 Parkinson’sDisease?? ?1.Parkinson’sdiseaseaffectsthewayyoumove.Ithappenswhenthereis aproblemwithcertainnervecellsinthebrain.Normallythesenervecells makeanimportantchemicalcalleddopamine多巴胺.Dopaminesendssignalstothe partofyourbrainthatcontrolsmovement.Itletsyourmusclesmovesmoothly anddowhatyouwantthemtodo.WhenyouhaveParkinson’sthesenervecells breakdown.Thenyounolongerhaveenoughdopamineandyouhavetroublemoving thewayyouwantto.???2.Nooneknowsforsurewhatmakes thesenervecellsbreakdown.Butscientistsaredoingalotofresearchtolook fortheanswer.Theyarestudyingmanypossiblecausesincludingagingand poisonsintheenvironment.AbnormalgenesseemtoleadtoParkinson’sdisease insomepeople.Butsofarthereisnotenoughprooftoshowthatitisalways inherited.???3.Tremor颤抖maybethefirstsymptomyou notice.Itisoneofthemostcommonsignsofthediseasealthoughnoteveryone hasit.Tremoroftenstartsinjustonearmorlegoronlyononesideofthe body.Itmaybeworsewhenyouareawakebutnotmovingtheaffectedarmorleg. Itmaygetbetterwhenyoumovethelimboryouareasleep.IntimeParkinson’s affectsmusclesallthroughyourbodysoitcanleadtoproblemsliketrouble swallowingorconstipation便秘.Inthelaterstagesofthediseaseaperson withParkinson’smayhaveafixedorblankexpressiontroublespeakingand otherproblems.Somepeoplealsohaveadecreaseinmentalskills.? ??4.AtthistimethereisnocureforParkinson’sdisease.But thereareseveraltypesofmedicinesthatcancontrolthesymptomsandmakethe diseaseeasiertolivewith.Youmaynotevenneedtreatmentifyoursymptoms aremild.Yourdoctormaywaittoprescribemedicinesuntilyoursymptomsstart togetinthewayofyourdailylife.Yourdoctorwilladjustyourmedicinesas yoursymptomsgetworse.Youmayneedtotakeseveralmedicinestogetthebest results.??A.TipsforPatientswiththeDisease? ?B.CommonTreatmentfortheDisease??C.MeansofDiagnosis oftheDisease??D.TypicalSymptomsoftheDisease? ?E.PossibleCausesoftheDisease??F.Definitionof Parkinson’sDiseaseOneofthemostcommonsignsofParkinson’sistremor______.
RiseinNumberofCancerSurvivors CanceristhesecondleadingcauseofdeathintheUnitedStatesafterheartdisease.Inthe51itwasoftenconsideredadeathsentence.Butmanypatientsnowlivelonger52ofimprovementsindiscoveryandtreatment. Researcherssaydeath53intheUnitedStatesfromallcancerscombinedhavefallenforthirtyyears.Survivalrateshaveincreasedformostofthetopfifteencancersinbothmenandwomenandforcancersin54. TheNationalCancerInstituteandtheCentersforDiseaseControlandPreventionstudiedthenumberofcancersurvivors.Acancersurvivorisdefined55anyonewhohasbeenfoundtohavecancer.Thiswouldincludecurrentpatients. Thestudycoveredtheperiod561971to2001.Theresearchersfoundtherearethree57asmanycancersurvivorstodayastherewerethirtyyearsago.In1971theUnitedStateshadaboutthree-millioncancer58.Todaythereareaboutten-million. Thestudyalsofoundthat64%ofadultswithcancercanexpecttostillbe59infiveyears.Thirtyyearsagothefive-yearsurvivalratewas50%.Thegovernmentwantsto60thefive-yearsurvivalrateto70%by2010. Theriskofcancerincreaseswithage.Thereportsaysthemajorityofsurvivorsare65yearsand61. Butitsaysmedicalimprovementshavealsohelpedchildrenwithcancerlive62longer.Researcherssay80%ofchildrenwithcancerwillsurviveatleastfiveyearsafterthediscovery.About75%willsurviveat63tenyears. Inthe1970sthefive-yearsurvivalrateforchildrenwasabout50%.Inthe1960smostchildrendidnotsurvivecancer.Researcherssaythey64moreimprovementsincancertreatmentinthefuture.Infacttheysaytraditionalcancer-preventionprogramsarenotenoughanymore.Theysaypublichealthprogramsshouldalsoaimtosupportthe65numbersofcancersurvivorsandtheirfamilies.
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{{*HTML*}}下面的短文后有2项测试任务1第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2～5段每段选择1个最佳标题2 第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定1个最佳选项 Parkinson’sDisease?? ?1.Parkinson’sdiseaseaffectsthewayyoumove.Ithappenswhenthereis aproblemwithcertainnervecellsinthebrain.Normallythesenervecells makeanimportantchemicalcalleddopamine多巴胺.Dopaminesendssignalstothe partofyourbrainthatcontrolsmovement.Itletsyourmusclesmovesmoothly anddowhatyouwantthemtodo.WhenyouhaveParkinson’sthesenervecells breakdown.Thenyounolongerhaveenoughdopamineandyouhavetroublemoving thewayyouwantto.???2.Nooneknowsforsurewhatmakes thesenervecellsbreakdown.Butscientistsaredoingalotofresearchtolook fortheanswer.Theyarestudyingmanypossiblecausesincludingagingand poisonsintheenvironment.AbnormalgenesseemtoleadtoParkinson’sdisease insomepeople.Butsofarthereisnotenoughprooftoshowthatitisalways inherited.???3.Tremor颤抖maybethefirstsymptomyou notice.Itisoneofthemostcommonsignsofthediseasealthoughnoteveryone hasit.Tremoroftenstartsinjustonearmorlegoronlyononesideofthe body.Itmaybeworsewhenyouareawakebutnotmovingtheaffectedarmorleg. Itmaygetbetterwhenyoumovethelimboryouareasleep.IntimeParkinson’s affectsmusclesallthroughyourbodysoitcanleadtoproblemsliketrouble swallowingorconstipation便秘.Inthelaterstagesofthediseaseaperson withParkinson’smayhaveafixedorblankexpressiontroublespeakingand otherproblems.Somepeoplealsohaveadecreaseinmentalskills.? ??4.AtthistimethereisnocureforParkinson’sdisease.But thereareseveraltypesofmedicinesthatcancontrolthesymptomsandmakethe diseaseeasiertolivewith.Youmaynotevenneedtreatmentifyoursymptoms aremild.Yourdoctormaywaittoprescribemedicinesuntilyoursymptomsstart togetinthewayofyourdailylife.Yourdoctorwilladjustyourmedicinesas yoursymptomsgetworse.Youmayneedtotakeseveralmedicinestogetthebest results.??A.TipsforPatientswiththeDisease? ?B.CommonTreatmentfortheDisease??C.MeansofDiagnosis oftheDisease??D.TypicalSymptomsoftheDisease? ?E.PossibleCausesoftheDisease??F.Definitionof Parkinson’sDisease
第三篇TryingtoFindaParther OneofthemoststrikingfindingsofarecentpollintheUKisthatofthepeopleinbterviewedoneintwobelievesthatitisbecomingmoredifficulttomeetsomeonetostartafamilywith. Whyaremanyfindingitincreasinglydifficulttostartandsustainintimaterelationships?Doesmodernlifereallymakeithardertofallinlove?Orarewemakingitharderforourselves? Itiscertainlythecasetodaythatcontemporarycouplesbenefitindifferentwaysfromrelationships.Womennolongerrelyuponpartnersforeconomicsecurityorstatus.Amandoesn’texpecthisspousetobeinsolechargeofrunninghishouseholdandraisinghischildren. Butperhapstheknowledgethatwecanliveperfectlywellwithoutapartnershipmeansthatittakesmuchmoretopersuadepeopletoabandontheirindependence. Intheoryfindingapartnershouldbemuchsimplerthesedays.Onlyafewgenerationsagoyourchoiceofsoulmate心上人wasconstrained限制bygeographysocialconventionandfamilytradition.Althoughitwasneverexplicitmanymarriageswereessentiallyarranged. Nowthosebarriershavebeenbrokendown.Youcanapproachabuilderorabrainsurgeoninanybarinanycityonanygivenevening.Whentheworldisyouroyster牡蛎yousurelyhaveabetterchanceoffindingapearl. Butitseemsthattheoldconventionshavebeenreplacedbyaneventighterconstraint:thetyrannyofchoice. Theexpectationsofpartnersareinflated提高toanunmanageabledegree:goodlooksimpressivesalarykindtograndmotherandrightsocks.Thereisnoroomforerrorinthefirstimpression. Wethinkthatarelationshipcanbeperfect.Ifitisn’titisdisposable.Weworktoprotectourselvesagainstfutureheartacheanddon’tputinthehardemotionallaborneededtobuildastrongrelationship.Ofcoursethisiscomplicatedbyrealities.Thecostofhousingandchild-rearingcreatespressuretohaveastableincomeandcareerbeforealifepartnership. WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaboutacontemporarymarriedcouple?
RiseinNumberofCancerSurvivors CanceristhesecondleadingcauseofdeathintheUnitedStatesafterheartdisease.Inthe51itwasoftenconsideredadeathsentence.Butmanypatientsnowlivelonger52ofimprovementsindiscoveryandtreatment. Researcherssaydeath53intheUnitedStatesfromallcancerscombinedhavefallenforthirtyyears.Survivalrateshaveincreasedformostofthetopfifteencancersinbothmenandwomenandforcancersin54. TheNationalCancerInstituteandtheCentersforDiseaseControlandPreventionstudiedthenumberofcancersurvivors.Acancersurvivorisdefined55anyonewhohasbeenfoundtohavecancer.Thiswouldincludecurrentpatients. Thestudycoveredtheperiod561971to2001.Theresearchersfoundtherearethree57asmanycancersurvivorstodayastherewerethirtyyearsago.In1971theUnitedStateshadaboutthree-millioncancer58.Todaythereareaboutten-million. Thestudyalsofoundthat64%ofadultswithcancercanexpecttostillbe59infiveyears.Thirtyyearsagothefive-yearsurvivalratewas50%.Thegovernmentwantsto60thefive-yearsurvivalrateto70%by2010. Theriskofcancerincreaseswithage.Thereportsaysthemajorityofsurvivorsare65yearsand61. Butitsaysmedicalimprovementshavealsohelpedchildrenwithcancerlive62longer.Researcherssay80%ofchildrenwithcancerwillsurviveatleastfiveyearsafterthediscovery.About75%willsurviveat63tenyears. Inthe1970sthefive-yearsurvivalrateforchildrenwasabout50%.Inthe1960smostchildrendidnotsurvivecancer.Researcherssaythey64moreimprovementsincancertreatmentinthefuture.Infacttheysaytraditionalcancer-preventionprogramsarenotenoughanymore.Theysaypublichealthprogramsshouldalsoaimtosupportthe65numbersofcancersurvivorsandtheirfamilies.
{{*HTML*}}下面的短文后有2项测试任务1第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2～5段每段选择1个最佳标题2 第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定1个最佳选项 Parkinson’sDisease?? ?1.Parkinson’sdiseaseaffectsthewayyoumove.Ithappenswhenthereis aproblemwithcertainnervecellsinthebrain.Normallythesenervecells makeanimportantchemicalcalleddopamine多巴胺.Dopaminesendssignalstothe partofyourbrainthatcontrolsmovement.Itletsyourmusclesmovesmoothly anddowhatyouwantthemtodo.WhenyouhaveParkinson’sthesenervecells breakdown.Thenyounolongerhaveenoughdopamineandyouhavetroublemoving thewayyouwantto.???2.Nooneknowsforsurewhatmakes thesenervecellsbreakdown.Butscientistsaredoingalotofresearchtolook fortheanswer.Theyarestudyingmanypossiblecausesincludingagingand poisonsintheenvironment.AbnormalgenesseemtoleadtoParkinson’sdisease insomepeople.Butsofarthereisnotenoughprooftoshowthatitisalways inherited.???3.Tremor颤抖maybethefirstsymptomyou notice.Itisoneofthemostcommonsignsofthediseasealthoughnoteveryone hasit.Tremoroftenstartsinjustonearmorlegoronlyononesideofthe body.Itmaybeworsewhenyouareawakebutnotmovingtheaffectedarmorleg. Itmaygetbetterwhenyoumovethelimboryouareasleep.IntimeParkinson’s affectsmusclesallthroughyourbodysoitcanleadtoproblemsliketrouble swallowingorconstipation便秘.Inthelaterstagesofthediseaseaperson withParkinson’smayhaveafixedorblankexpressiontroublespeakingand otherproblems.Somepeoplealsohaveadecreaseinmentalskills.? ??4.AtthistimethereisnocureforParkinson’sdisease.But thereareseveraltypesofmedicinesthatcancontrolthesymptomsandmakethe diseaseeasiertolivewith.Youmaynotevenneedtreatmentifyoursymptoms aremild.Yourdoctormaywaittoprescribemedicinesuntilyoursymptomsstart togetinthewayofyourdailylife.Yourdoctorwilladjustyourmedicinesas yoursymptomsgetworse.Youmayneedtotakeseveralmedicinestogetthebest results.??A.TipsforPatientswiththeDisease? ?B.CommonTreatmentfortheDisease??C.MeansofDiagnosis oftheDisease??D.TypicalSymptomsoftheDisease? ?E.PossibleCausesoftheDisease??F.Definitionof Parkinson’sDiseaseParagraph3______
来源:考试大-职称英语考试第二篇StudySaysDogsCanSmellCancer Dogsareknownfortheirsenseofsmell.Theycanfindmissingpeopleandthingslikebombsandillegaldrugs.Nowastudysuggeststhattheanimalknownasman’sbestfriendcanevenfindbladder膀胱cancer. Cancercellsarethoughttoproducechemicalswithunusualodors气味.Researchersthinkdogshavetheabilitytosmelltheseodorseveninverysmallamountsinurine尿.Thesenseofsmellindogsisthousandsoftimesbetterthaninhumans. Thestudyfollowsreportsofcaseswhereforexampleadogshowedgreatinterestinagrowthontheletofitsowner.Themole痣waslaterfoundtobeskincancer. CarolynWillisledateamofresearchersatAmershamHospitalinEngland.Theytraineddifferentkindsofdogsfortheexperiment.Thestudyinvolvedurinecollectedfrombladdercancerpatientsfrompeoplewithotherdiseasesandfromhealthypeople. Eachdogwastestedeighttimes.Ineachtestthereweresevensamplesforthedogstosmell.Thedogwassupposedtosignaltheonefromabladdercancerpatientbylyingdownnexttoit. Twocockerspaniels短腿长毛垂耳小猎犬werecorrectfifty-sixpercentofthetime.Butthescientistsreportedanaveragesuccessrateofforty-onepercent. Asagroupthestudyfoundthatthedogschosethecorrectsampletwenty-twooutoffifyt-fourtimes.Thatisalmostthreetimesmoreoftenthanwouldbeexpectedbychancealone. TheBritishMedicalJournalpublishedtheresearch.Inallthirty-sixbladdercancerpatientsandonehundredandeightotherpeopletookpart. Duringtrainingallthedogsreportedlyevenidentifiedacancerinapersonwhohadtestedhealthybeforethestudy.Doctorsfoundagrowthontheperson’srightkidney肾. Bladdercanceristheninthmostcommoncancerworldwide.TheInternationalAgencyforResearchonCancersaysthisdiseasekillsmorethanonehundredthousandpeopleeachyear.Doctorssaycigarettesmokingistheleadingcauseofbladdercancer. Theexperimentwasconductedina
WanttoBe100?ListentoThese5Centenarians百岁老人 FiveneighborsatacentralMissouriretirementcommunitywhoareallcentenariansgetaskedallthetime:Howdidyoulivetobe100? Ifyouwanttoliveto100ormorethisraregroupoffivegoldengirlssaysthekeytolongevity长寿isworkinghardatajobyouloveandtakingcareofyourbodywhileyou’reatit. Eventhoughanestimated70000peopleinthecountryarecurrentlyatthecenturymarkorbeyondinageitisunusualtofindfive100-year-oldslivinginoneplace. Theaveragelife-span寿命ofAmericansisabouttwoorthreeyearsshortofan80thbirthdayparty.Andmostpeopledon’twanttocutoutcoffeesodaalcoholcigarettesandeathealthyfood. Peopletellmeallthetime‘Idon’twanttolivetobe100’saidMildredLeaverwhoturned100inJune. Ithinkthat’sjustsad.AgingisattitudeandIdon’tfeeloldsaidLeaveraformereducatorwhostilldrivesherBuickaroundtown. Itdoesn’ttakelongtoseethatLeaverandherneighborsMildredHarrisGraceWolfsonGladysStuartandViolaSemashavealotmoreincommonthantheirlongevityandlifelonghealthyhabits.Allare100exceptStuartwhois101. Eventhoughtheirsightandhearingaren’twhattheyusedtobethey’veallavoidedillnessesthatmanyelderlypeoplearestrickenwith.It’sbeen50yearssinceLeaverbeatcancerforthefirstandonlytime. Thecommonthreadthatconnectsthesewomenisthedecadesofservicetojobseachlovedasafarmerdesignerschoolprincipalbookkeeperandsecretary.Intheearlyyearsoftheirlivesgainfullyemployedwomenlikethemwerejustasrareas100-year-oldsaretoday. Thefivecentenariansliveinaveryfriendlycommunity.
{{*HTML*}}下面的短文后列出了7个句子请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断如果该句提供的是正确信息请选择A如果该句提供的是错误信息请选择B如果该句的信息文巾没有提及请选择C BreastCancerDeathsRecord Low???Thenumberofwomendyingfrombreast cancerhasfallentoarecordlowbydroppingunder12000ayearforthefirst timesincerecordsbegan.???TheCancerResearchUKdata showedthat11990womendiedintheUKin2007.??Theprevious lowestfigurehadbeenrecordedin1971--theyearrecordsbegan--afterwhich itrosesteadilyyearbyyearuntilthelate1980s.??Professor PeterJohnsonCancerResearchUK’schiefcliniciansaid:It’sincredibly encouragingtoseefewerwomendyingfrombreastcancernowthanatanytimein thelast40yearsdespitebreastcancerbeingdiagnosedmoreoften. ??Researchhasplayedacrucialroleinthisprogressleading toimprovedtreatmentsandbettermanagementforwomenwiththedisease. ??TheintroductionoftheNHS国民保健制度breastscreeningprogram hasalsocontributedaswomenaremorelikelytosurvivetheearliercanceris diagnosed.??Breastcancerisnowthemostcommoncancerin theUKwith45500womeneveryyeardiagnosedwiththedisease-a500%risein 25years.??Thenumberofdeathspeakedin1989when15625 womendied.Itthenfellbybetween200and400deathseachyearuntil2004. ??Therewasaslightrisein2005andthentwoyearsoffalls. ??Dr.SarahCantpolicymanageratBreakthroughBreastCancer said:Itisgreatnewsthatfewerwomenaredyingfrombreastcancerand highlightstheimpactofimprovedtreatmentsbreastscreeningandawarenessof thedisease.??Howeverthisisstilltoomanywomenand incidenceofthediseaseisincreasingyearbyyear.??The risingrateofbreastcancerdiagnosishasbeenputdowntoavarietyoffactors includingobesity肥胖andalcoholconsumption.FewerwomendiedfrombreastcancerintheUKin2005thanin2004.
RiseinNumberofCancerSurvivors CanceristhesecondleadingcauseofdeathintheUnitedStatesafterheartdisease.Inthe51itwasoftenconsideredadeathsentence.Butmanypatientsnowlivelonger52ofimprovementsindiscoveryandtreatment. Researcherssaydeath53intheUnitedStatesfromallcancerscombinedhavefallenforthirtyyears.Survivalrateshaveincreasedformostofthetopfifteencancersinbothmenandwomenandforcancersin54. TheNationalCancerInstituteandtheCentersforDiseaseControlandPreventionstudiedthenumberofcancersurvivors.Acancersurvivorisdefined55anyonewhohasbeenfoundtohavecancer.Thiswouldincludecurrentpatients. Thestudycoveredtheperiod561971to2001.Theresearchersfoundtherearethree57asmanycancersurvivorstodayastherewerethirtyyearsago.In1971theUnitedStateshadaboutthree-millioncancer58.Todaythereareaboutten-million. Thestudyalsofoundthat64%ofadultswithcancercanexpecttostillbe59infiveyears.Thirtyyearsagothefive-yearsurvivalratewas50%.Thegovernmentwantsto60thefive-yearsurvivalrateto70%by2010. Theriskofcancerincreaseswithage.Thereportsaysthemajorityofsurvivorsare65yearsand61. Butitsaysmedicalimprovementshavealsohelpedchildrenwithcancerlive62longer.Researcherssay80%ofchildrenwithcancerwillsurviveatleastfiveyearsafterthediscovery.About75%willsurviveat63tenyears. Inthe1970sthefive-yearsurvivalrateforchildrenwasabout50%.Inthe1960smostchildrendidnotsurvivecancer.Researcherssaythey64moreimprovementsincancertreatmentinthefuture.Infacttheysaytraditionalcancer-preventionprogramsarenotenoughanymore.Theysaypublichealthprogramsshouldalsoaimtosupportthe65numbersofcancersurvivorsandtheirfamilies.
{{*HTML*}}下面的短文后列出了7个句子请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断如果该句提供的是正确信息请选择A如果该句提供的是错误信息请选择B如果该句的信息文巾没有提及请选择C BreastCancerDeathsRecord Low???Thenumberofwomendyingfrombreast cancerhasfallentoarecordlowbydroppingunder12000ayearforthefirst timesincerecordsbegan.???TheCancerResearchUKdata showedthat11990womendiedintheUKin2007.??Theprevious lowestfigurehadbeenrecordedin1971--theyearrecordsbegan--afterwhich itrosesteadilyyearbyyearuntilthelate1980s.??Professor PeterJohnsonCancerResearchUK’schiefcliniciansaid:It’sincredibly encouragingtoseefewerwomendyingfrombreastcancernowthanatanytimein thelast40yearsdespitebreastcancerbeingdiagnosedmoreoften. ??Researchhasplayedacrucialroleinthisprogressleading toimprovedtreatmentsandbettermanagementforwomenwiththedisease. ??TheintroductionoftheNHS国民保健制度breastscreeningprogram hasalsocontributedaswomenaremorelikelytosurvivetheearliercanceris diagnosed.??Breastcancerisnowthemostcommoncancerin theUKwith45500womeneveryyeardiagnosedwiththedisease-a500%risein 25years.??Thenumberofdeathspeakedin1989when15625 womendied.Itthenfellbybetween200and400deathseachyearuntil2004. ??Therewasaslightrisein2005andthentwoyearsoffalls. ??Dr.SarahCantpolicymanageratBreakthroughBreastCancer said:Itisgreatnewsthatfewerwomenaredyingfrombreastcancerand highlightstheimpactofimprovedtreatmentsbreastscreeningandawarenessof thedisease.??Howeverthisisstilltoomanywomenand incidenceofthediseaseisincreasingyearbyyear.??The risingrateofbreastcancerdiagnosishasbeenputdowntoavarietyoffactors includingobesity肥胖andalcoholconsumption.BreastcancerdeathsbegantoberecordedintheUKin1971.
第三篇TryingtoFindaParther OneofthemoststrikingfindingsofarecentpollintheUKisthatofthepeopleinbterviewedoneintwobelievesthatitisbecomingmoredifficulttomeetsomeonetostartafamilywith. Whyaremanyfindingitincreasinglydifficulttostartandsustainintimaterelationships?Doesmodernlifereallymakeithardertofallinlove?Orarewemakingitharderforourselves? Itiscertainlythecasetodaythatcontemporarycouplesbenefitindifferentwaysfromrelationships.Womennolongerrelyuponpartnersforeconomicsecurityorstatus.Amandoesn’texpecthisspousetobeinsolechargeofrunninghishouseholdandraisinghischildren. Butperhapstheknowledgethatwecanliveperfectlywellwithoutapartnershipmeansthatittakesmuchmoretopersuadepeopletoabandontheirindependence. Intheoryfindingapartnershouldbemuchsimplerthesedays.Onlyafewgenerationsagoyourchoiceofsoulmate心上人wasconstrained限制bygeographysocialconventionandfamilytradition.Althoughitwasneverexplicitmanymarriageswereessentiallyarranged. Nowthosebarriershavebeenbrokendown.Youcanapproachabuilderorabrainsurgeoninanybarinanycityonanygivenevening.Whentheworldisyouroyster牡蛎yousurelyhaveabetterchanceoffindingapearl. Butitseemsthattheoldconventionshavebeenreplacedbyaneventighterconstraint:thetyrannyofchoice. Theexpectationsofpartnersareinflated提高toanunmanageabledegree:goodlooksimpressivesalarykindtograndmotherandrightsocks.Thereisnoroomforerrorinthefirstimpression. Wethinkthatarelationshipcanbeperfect.Ifitisn’titisdisposable.Weworktoprotectourselvesagainstfutureheartacheanddon’tputinthehardemotionallaborneededtobuildastrongrelationship.Ofcoursethisiscomplicatedbyrealities.Thecostofhousingandchild-rearingcreatespressuretohaveastableincomeandcareerbeforealifepartnership. WhichofthefollowingisNOTexpectedofapartneraccordingtothispassage?
{{*HTML*}}下面的短文后列出了7个句子请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断如果该句提供的是正确信息请选择A如果该句提供的是错误信息请选择B如果该句的信息文巾没有提及请选择C BreastCancerDeathsRecord Low???Thenumberofwomendyingfrombreast cancerhasfallentoarecordlowbydroppingunder12000ayearforthefirst timesincerecordsbegan.???TheCancerResearchUKdata showedthat11990womendiedintheUKin2007.??Theprevious lowestfigurehadbeenrecordedin1971--theyearrecordsbegan--afterwhich itrosesteadilyyearbyyearuntilthelate1980s.??Professor PeterJohnsonCancerResearchUK’schiefcliniciansaid:It’sincredibly encouragingtoseefewerwomendyingfrombreastcancernowthanatanytimein thelast40yearsdespitebreastcancerbeingdiagnosedmoreoften. ??Researchhasplayedacrucialroleinthisprogressleading toimprovedtreatmentsandbettermanagementforwomenwiththedisease. ??TheintroductionoftheNHS国民保健制度breastscreeningprogram hasalsocontributedaswomenaremorelikelytosurvivetheearliercanceris diagnosed.??Breastcancerisnowthemostcommoncancerin theUKwith45500womeneveryyeardiagnosedwiththedisease-a500%risein 25years.??Thenumberofdeathspeakedin1989when15625 womendied.Itthenfellbybetween200and400deathseachyearuntil2004. ??Therewasaslightrisein2005andthentwoyearsoffalls. ??Dr.SarahCantpolicymanageratBreakthroughBreastCancer said:Itisgreatnewsthatfewerwomenaredyingfrombreastcancerand highlightstheimpactofimprovedtreatmentsbreastscreeningandawarenessof thedisease.??Howeverthisisstilltoomanywomenand incidenceofthediseaseisincreasingyearbyyear.??The risingrateofbreastcancerdiagnosishasbeenputdowntoavarietyoffactors includingobesity肥胖andalcoholconsumption.Breastcancercancomeback10yearsafteryouwerefirstdiagnosed.
WanttoBe100?ListentoThese5Centenarians百岁老人 FiveneighborsatacentralMissouriretirementcommunitywhoareallcentenariansgetaskedallthetime:Howdidyoulivetobe100? Ifyouwanttoliveto100ormorethisraregroupoffivegoldengirlssaysthekeytolongevity长寿isworkinghardatajobyouloveandtakingcareofyourbodywhileyou’reatit. Eventhoughanestimated70000peopleinthecountryarecurrentlyatthecenturymarkorbeyondinageitisunusualtofindfive100-year-oldslivinginoneplace. Theaveragelife-span寿命ofAmericansisabouttwoorthreeyearsshortofan80thbirthdayparty.Andmostpeopledon’twanttocutoutcoffeesodaalcoholcigarettesandeathealthyfood. Peopletellmeallthetime‘Idon’twanttolivetobe100’saidMildredLeaverwhoturned100inJune. Ithinkthat’sjustsad.AgingisattitudeandIdon’tfeeloldsaidLeaveraformereducatorwhostilldrivesherBuickaroundtown. Itdoesn’ttakelongtoseethatLeaverandherneighborsMildredHarrisGraceWolfsonGladysStuartandViolaSemashavealotmoreincommonthantheirlongevityandlifelonghealthyhabits.Allare100exceptStuartwhois101. Eventhoughtheirsightandhearingaren’twhattheyusedtobethey’veallavoidedillnessesthatmanyelderlypeoplearestrickenwith.It’sbeen50yearssinceLeaverbeatcancerforthefirstandonlytime. Thecommonthreadthatconnectsthesewomenisthedecadesofservicetojobseachlovedasafarmerdesignerschoolprincipalbookkeeperandsecretary.Intheearlyyearsoftheirlivesgainfullyemployedwomenlikethemwerejustasrareas100-year-oldsaretoday. Leaverfeelssadaboutheroldage.
RiseinNumberofCancerSurvivors CanceristhesecondleadingcauseofdeathintheUnitedStatesafterheartdisease.Inthe51itwasoftenconsideredadeathsentence.Butmanypatientsnowlivelonger52ofimprovementsindiscoveryandtreatment. Researcherssaydeath53intheUnitedStatesfromallcancerscombinedhavefallenforthirtyyears.Survivalrateshaveincreasedformostofthetopfifteencancersinbothmenandwomenandforcancersin54. TheNationalCancerInstituteandtheCentersforDiseaseControlandPreventionstudiedthenumberofcancersurvivors.Acancersurvivorisdefined55anyonewhohasbeenfoundtohavecancer.Thiswouldincludecurrentpatients. Thestudycoveredtheperiod561971to2001.Theresearchersfoundtherearethree57asmanycancersurvivorstodayastherewerethirtyyearsago.In1971theUnitedStateshadaboutthree-millioncancer58.Todaythereareaboutten-million. Thestudyalsofoundthat64%ofadultswithcancercanexpecttostillbe59infiveyears.Thirtyyearsagothefive-yearsurvivalratewas50%.Thegovernmentwantsto60thefive-yearsurvivalrateto70%by2010. Theriskofcancerincreaseswithage.Thereportsaysthemajorityofsurvivorsare65yearsand61. Butitsaysmedicalimprovementshavealsohelpedchildrenwithcancerlive62longer.Researcherssay80%ofchildrenwithcancerwillsurviveatleastfiveyearsafterthediscovery.About75%willsurviveat63tenyears. Inthe1970sthefive-yearsurvivalrateforchildrenwasabout50%.Inthe1960smostchildrendidnotsurvivecancer.Researcherssaythey64moreimprovementsincancertreatmentinthefuture.Infacttheysaytraditionalcancer-preventionprogramsarenotenoughanymore.Theysaypublichealthprogramsshouldalsoaimtosupportthe65numbersofcancersurvivorsandtheirfamilies.
RiseinNumberofCancerSurvivors CanceristhesecondleadingcauseofdeathintheUnitedStatesafterheartdisease.Inthe51itwasoftenconsideredadeathsentence.Butmanypatientsnowlivelonger52ofimprovementsindiscoveryandtreatment. Researcherssaydeath53intheUnitedStatesfromallcancerscombinedhavefallenforthirtyyears.Survivalrateshaveincreasedformostofthetopfifteencancersinbothmenandwomenandforcancersin54. TheNationalCancerInstituteandtheCentersforDiseaseControlandPreventionstudiedthenumberofcancersurvivors.Acancersurvivorisdefined55anyonewhohasbeenfoundtohavecancer.Thiswouldincludecurrentpatients. Thestudycoveredtheperiod561971to2001.Theresearchersfoundtherearethree57asmanycancersurvivorstodayastherewerethirtyyearsago.In1971theUnitedStateshadaboutthree-millioncancer58.Todaythereareaboutten-million. Thestudyalsofoundthat64%ofadultswithcancercanexpecttostillbe59infiveyears.Thirtyyearsagothefive-yearsurvivalratewas50%.Thegovernmentwantsto60thefive-yearsurvivalrateto70%by2010. Theriskofcancerincreaseswithage.Thereportsaysthemajorityofsurvivorsare65yearsand61. Butitsaysmedicalimprovementshavealsohelpedchildrenwithcancerlive62longer.Researcherssay80%ofchildrenwithcancerwillsurviveatleastfiveyearsafterthediscovery.About75%willsurviveat63tenyears. Inthe1970sthefive-yearsurvivalrateforchildrenwasabout50%.Inthe1960smostchildrendidnotsurvivecancer.Researcherssaythey64moreimprovementsincancertreatmentinthefuture.Infacttheysaytraditionalcancer-preventionprogramsarenotenoughanymore.Theysaypublichealthprogramsshouldalsoaimtosupportthe65numbersofcancersurvivorsandtheirfamilies.
第一篇WayneBeno WayneBenowasatrueoutdoorsman.FishingboatinghuntingwalkingthroughthewoodswithhisthreedogsWaynelovedanddiditall.Thenlifechangeddramatically.WaynewasdiagnosedwithParkinson’sdisease帕金森氏病. ForthenextthirteenyearsItook28pillsadayhadhorriblesideeffectsandevenwithallthosepillsIstillhadlotsofshakingandtremors颤抖.IonlywentoutduringpeaktimeswhenIwaslookingandfeelingmybest.Butthatwasn’toftenandIreallycouldn’tdomuchofanything.IfeltlikethelifeIlovedwasoversaidWayne. ThenWayne’sdoctorinGreenBaysuggestedheconsiderabreakthroughsurgicaloptionbeingofferedatFroedtert&theMedicalCollegeofWisconsincalledDeepBrainStimulation刺激DBS.DBSisasurgicaloptionusedtotreatdisablingmovementdisordersrelatedtoParkinson’sdiseaseessentialtremorandmore.Itisnotacurebutsignificantimprovementisseeninmostmovementdisordercaseswithrelativelylowrisktothepatient. Inadditiontohisdoctor’srecommendationWaynehadaneighborandfishingfriendwhohadtheDBSprocedureatFroedtert&theMedicalCollegeofWisconsin.Hisfriend’sexperienceconvincedWaynethatthe180-miletripfromhishomeinCrivitzWisconsincouldbewellworththeeffort. Andwasitever. ItwasthebestthingIeverdid.I’mdowntozeropillsadayandIdon’tshakeatallreportsWayne.BeforethesurgeryIfeltbadeverysingleday.NowIfeellikemyoldself.I’mbacktobusinessasusualwhichformemeansfishingfishingandmorefishingeverydayoftheyear.Thingsjustcouldn’tbeanybetter! Waynehadaneighborandfishingfriendwho
{{*HTML*}}下面的短文后有2项测试任务1第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2～5段每段选择1个最佳标题2 第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定1个最佳选项 Parkinson’sDisease?? ?1.Parkinson’sdiseaseaffectsthewayyoumove.Ithappenswhenthereis aproblemwithcertainnervecellsinthebrain.Normallythesenervecells makeanimportantchemicalcalleddopamine多巴胺.Dopaminesendssignalstothe partofyourbrainthatcontrolsmovement.Itletsyourmusclesmovesmoothly anddowhatyouwantthemtodo.WhenyouhaveParkinson’sthesenervecells breakdown.Thenyounolongerhaveenoughdopamineandyouhavetroublemoving thewayyouwantto.???2.Nooneknowsforsurewhatmakes thesenervecellsbreakdown.Butscientistsaredoingalotofresearchtolook fortheanswer.Theyarestudyingmanypossiblecausesincludingagingand poisonsintheenvironment.AbnormalgenesseemtoleadtoParkinson’sdisease insomepeople.Butsofarthereisnotenoughprooftoshowthatitisalways inherited.???3.Tremor颤抖maybethefirstsymptomyou notice.Itisoneofthemostcommonsignsofthediseasealthoughnoteveryone hasit.Tremoroftenstartsinjustonearmorlegoronlyononesideofthe body.Itmaybeworsewhenyouareawakebutnotmovingtheaffectedarmorleg. Itmaygetbetterwhenyoumovethelimboryouareasleep.IntimeParkinson’s affectsmusclesallthroughyourbodysoitcanleadtoproblemsliketrouble swallowingorconstipation便秘.Inthelaterstagesofthediseaseaperson withParkinson’smayhaveafixedorblankexpressiontroublespeakingand otherproblems.Somepeoplealsohaveadecreaseinmentalskills.? ??4.AtthistimethereisnocureforParkinson’sdisease.But thereareseveraltypesofmedicinesthatcancontrolthesymptomsandmakethe diseaseeasiertolivewith.Youmaynotevenneedtreatmentifyoursymptoms aremild.Yourdoctormaywaittoprescribemedicinesuntilyoursymptomsstart togetinthewayofyourdailylife.Yourdoctorwilladjustyourmedicinesas yoursymptomsgetworse.Youmayneedtotakeseveralmedicinestogetthebest results.??A.TipsforPatientswiththeDisease? ?B.CommonTreatmentfortheDisease??C.MeansofDiagnosis oftheDisease??D.TypicalSymptomsoftheDisease? ?E.PossibleCausesoftheDisease??F.Definitionof Parkinson’sDiseaseParagraph1______
第一篇WayneBeno WayneBenowasatrueoutdoorsman.FishingboatinghuntingwalkingthroughthewoodswithhisthreedogsWaynelovedanddiditall.Thenlifechangeddramatically.WaynewasdiagnosedwithParkinson’sdisease帕金森氏病. ForthenextthirteenyearsItook28pillsadayhadhorriblesideeffectsandevenwithallthosepillsIstillhadlotsofshakingandtremors颤抖.IonlywentoutduringpeaktimeswhenIwaslookingandfeelingmybest.Butthatwasn’toftenandIreallycouldn’tdomuchofanything.IfeltlikethelifeIlovedwasoversaidWayne. ThenWayne’sdoctorinGreenBaysuggestedheconsiderabreakthroughsurgicaloptionbeingofferedatFroedtert&theMedicalCollegeofWisconsincalledDeepBrainStimulation刺激DBS.DBSisasurgicaloptionusedtotreatdisablingmovementdisordersrelatedtoParkinson’sdiseaseessentialtremorandmore.Itisnotacurebutsignificantimprovementisseeninmostmovementdisordercaseswithrelativelylowrisktothepatient. Inadditiontohisdoctor’srecommendationWaynehadaneighborandfishingfriendwhohadtheDBSprocedureatFroedtert&theMedicalCollegeofWisconsin.Hisfriend’sexperienceconvincedWaynethatthe180-miletripfromhishomeinCrivitzWisconsincouldbewellworththeeffort. Andwasitever. ItwasthebestthingIeverdid.I’mdowntozeropillsadayandIdon’tshakeatallreportsWayne.BeforethesurgeryIfeltbadeverysingleday.NowIfeellikemyoldself.I’mbacktobusinessasusualwhichformemeansfishingfishingandmorefishingeverydayoftheyear.Thingsjustcouldn’tbeanybetter! WhatwastrueofthepillsWaynetookfor13years?
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来源:考试大-职称英语考试第二篇StudySaysDogsCanSmellCancer Dogsareknownfortheirsenseofsmell.Theycanfindmissingpeopleandthingslikebombsandillegaldrugs.Nowastudysuggeststhattheanimalknownasman’sbestfriendcanevenfindbladder膀胱cancer. Cancercellsarethoughttoproducechemicalswithunusualodors气味.Researchersthinkdogshavetheabilitytosmelltheseodorseveninverysmallamountsinurine尿.Thesenseofsmellindogsisthousandsoftimesbetterthaninhumans. Thestudyfollowsreportsofcaseswhereforexampleadogshowedgreatinterestinagrowthontheletofitsowner.Themole痣waslaterfoundtobeskincancer. CarolynWillisledateamofresearchersatAmershamHospitalinEngland.Theytraineddifferentkindsofdogsfortheexperiment.Thestudyinvolvedurinecollectedfrombladdercancerpatientsfrompeoplewithotherdiseasesandfromhealthypeople. Eachdogwastestedeighttimes.Ineachtestthereweresevensamplesforthedogstosmell.Thedogwassupposedtosignaltheonefromabladdercancerpatientbylyingdownnexttoit. Twocockerspaniels短腿长毛垂耳小猎犬werecorrectfifty-sixpercentofthetime.Butthescientistsreportedanaveragesuccessrateofforty-onepercent. Asagroupthestudyfoundthatthedogschosethecorrectsampletwenty-twooutoffifyt-fourtimes.Thatisalmostthreetimesmoreoftenthanwouldbeexpectedbychancealone. TheBritishMedicalJournalpublishedtheresearch.Inallthirty-sixbladdercancerpatientsandonehundredandeightotherpeopletookpart. Duringtrainingallthedogsreportedlyevenidentifiedacancerinapersonwhohadtestedhealthybeforethestudy.Doctorsfoundagrowthontheperson’srightkidney肾. Bladdercanceristheninthmostcommoncancerworldwide.TheInternationalAgencyforResearchonCancersaysthisdiseasekillsmorethanonehundredthousandpeopleeachyear.Doctorssaycigarettesmokingistheleadingcauseofbladdercancer. WhichisNOTtrueofbladdercancer?
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RiseinNumberofCancerSurvivors CanceristhesecondleadingcauseofdeathintheUnitedStatesafterheartdisease.Inthe51itwasoftenconsideredadeathsentence.Butmanypatientsnowlivelonger52ofimprovementsindiscoveryandtreatment. Researcherssaydeath53intheUnitedStatesfromallcancerscombinedhavefallenforthirtyyears.Survivalrateshaveincreasedformostofthetopfifteencancersinbothmenandwomenandforcancersin54. TheNationalCancerInstituteandtheCentersforDiseaseControlandPreventionstudiedthenumberofcancersurvivors.Acancersurvivorisdefined55anyonewhohasbeenfoundtohavecancer.Thiswouldincludecurrentpatients. Thestudycoveredtheperiod561971to2001.Theresearchersfoundtherearethree57asmanycancersurvivorstodayastherewerethirtyyearsago.In1971theUnitedStateshadaboutthree-millioncancer58.Todaythereareaboutten-million. Thestudyalsofoundthat64%ofadultswithcancercanexpecttostillbe59infiveyears.Thirtyyearsagothefive-yearsurvivalratewas50%.Thegovernmentwantsto60thefive-yearsurvivalrateto70%by2010. Theriskofcancerincreaseswithage.Thereportsaysthemajorityofsurvivorsare65yearsand61. Butitsaysmedicalimprovementshavealsohelpedchildrenwithcancerlive62longer.Researcherssay80%ofchildrenwithcancerwillsurviveatleastfiveyearsafterthediscovery.About75%willsurviveat63tenyears. Inthe1970sthefive-yearsurvivalrateforchildrenwasabout50%.Inthe1960smostchildrendidnotsurvivecancer.Researcherssaythey64moreimprovementsincancertreatmentinthefuture.Infacttheysaytraditionalcancer-preventionprogramsarenotenoughanymore.Theysaypublichealthprogramsshouldalsoaimtosupportthe65numbersofcancersurvivorsandtheirfamilies.
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