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June 26, 2000 ― the Human Genome(基因组) Project, a great $3 billion, 15-year task aimed at drawing the...
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Itis24thandisJune26th.
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June262000—theHumanGenome基因组Projectagreat$3billion
--What'sthedatetoday?--___________
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It's on Christmas Day
It's June 26tb
67.--What'sthedatetoday?--___________
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June262000—theHumanGenome基因组Projectagreat$3billion
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June262000—theHumanGenome基因组Projectagreat$3billion
June262000—theHumanGenome基因组Projectagreat$3billion
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June262000—theHumanGenome基因组Projectagreat$3billion
June262000—theHumanGenome基因组Projectagreat$3billion
June262000―theHumanGenome基因组Projectagreat$3billion
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Itisdifficulttoimaginewhatlifewillbelikewithoutmemory.Themeaningsofthousandsofeverydayperceptions感觉知觉thebasesforthedecisionswemakeandtherootsofourhabitsandskillsaretobefoundinourpastexperienceswhicharebroughtintothepresentbymemory.Memorycanbedefinedasthecapacitytokeepinformationavailableforlateruse.Itincludesnotonlyrememberingthingslikearithmeticorhistoricalfactsbutalsoinvolvesanychangeinthewayananimaltypicallybehaves.Memoryisinvolvedwhenaratgivesupeatinggrainbecausehehassniffedsomethingsuspiciousinthegrainpile.Memoryisalsoinvolvedwhenasix-year-oldchildlearnstoswingabaseballbat.Memoryexistsnotonlyinhumansandanimalsbutalsoinsomephysicalobjectsandmachines.Computersforexamplecontaindevicesfromstoringdataforlateruse.Itisinterestingtocomparethememory-storagecapacityofacomputerwiththatofahumanbeing.Theinstant-accessmemoryofalargecomputermayholdupto100000words―readyforinstantuse.AnaverageU.S.teenagerprobablyrecognizesthemeaningofabout100000wordsofEnglish.Howeverthisisbutafraction部分片断ofthetotalamountofinformationwhichtheteenagerhasstored.Considerforexamplethenumberoffacesandplacesthattheteenagercanrecognizeonsight.Theuseofwordsistheadvancedproblem-solvingintelligenceofhumanbeings.Alargepartofaperson’smemoryisintermsofwordsandcombinationsofwords.66.Accordingtothepassagememoryisconsideredtobe________.A.thebasisfordecisionmakingandproblemsolvingB.anabilitytostoreexperiencesoffutureuseC.anintelligencetypicallypossessedbyhumanbeingsD.thedatamainlyconsistingofwordsandcombinationsofwords67.Thecomparisonmadebetweenthememorycapacityofalargecomputerandthatofahumanbeingshowsthat________.A.thecomputer’smemoryhasalittlebiggercapacitythanateenager’sB.thecomputer’smemorycapacityismuchsmallerthananadulthumanbeing’sC.thecomputer’smemory’scapacityismuchsmallereventhanateenager’sD.bothA.andB.68.Thewholepassageimpliesthat_______.A.onlyhumanbeingshaveproblem-solvingintelligenceB.aperson’smemoryisdifferentfromacomputer’sineveryaspectC.animalsareabletosolveonlyverysimpleproblemsD.animalssolveproblemsbyinstinctsratherthanintelligence69.Thephraseintermsofinthelastsentencecanbestbereplacedby________A.inconnectionwithB.expressedbyC.consistingD.bymeansof70.Thetopicofthepassageis__________.A.Whatwouldlifebelikewithoutmemory?B.Memoryisofvitalimportancetolife.C.Howisaperson’smemorydifferentfromananimal’soracomputer’s?D.Whatiscontainedinmemory?
Manykidsturnuptheirnosesatthethoughtofeatingfishbecausewellitcansmellfishy.Whileitisusuallyahealthysourceofproteininthediettheremaybeseveralreasonstoavoidbitingintoaforkfuloffish.Beforeyoubreakoutthetartarsaucelearnsomefactsaboutfishtokeepyourselfandtheenvironmenthealthy.Somefishmaycontainharmfulchemicalswhichcanbetheresultofbothnaturalcausesandwaterpollution.MercuryisapoisonouschemicalwhichoccursnaturallyinoceansandtheEarth’scrustbutalsocomesfromman-madesourcessuchaspesticidesburninggarbageandthereleasingoffossilfuels.PolychlorinatedbiphenylsPCBsagroupofchemicalscanalsobefoundinsomefish.Thesedangerousman-madechemicalswereusedinmanyindustriesuntil1977whentheywerebanneD.PCBswerereleasedorleakedintotheairandwaterandhavebeentransportedaroundtheglobE.HowdomercuryandPCBsendupinfishandthefoodsupply?Whentheyarereleasedintotheairtheyattachthemselvestoparticles.Theseparticlessettleonthegroundandinthewaterandareeventuallyeatenbymicroscopicorganisms.Smallfisheatthemicro-organismsandlargefisheatthesmallfishandonupthefoodchain.BecausetheycannegativelyaffectyourhealththeU.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgencyadvisesthatkidsyoungerthan15yearsoldavoidfishthatcontainhighlevelsofmercuryandPCBs.Theseincludesharkswordfishkingmackerelandtilefish.Therearealsomanytypesoffishthataregoodforyoubutbecauseofoverfishingareindangerofbeingwipedout.SomearebeingfishedinthewildsomuchthattheycannotreproducefastenoughtosurvivE.Othersarebeingfarmedinwaysthatarenotenvironmentallyfriendly.ThesefishincluderedsnapperAtlanticsalmonblue-fintunaandkingcraB.DespitetheseproblemsthereareseveralfishthatarebothhealthyandsustainablesuchasAlaskansalmonAmericancatfishPacificcodandseveralfarm-raisedfishandshellfish.51.HowdomercuryandPCBscometoourfoodsupply?A.MercuryandPCBs--water--fish--particles--foodsupplyB.MercuryandPCBs--particles--organisms--fish--foodsupplyC.MercuryandPCBs--particles--fish--organisms--foodsupplyD.MercuryandPCBs―organisms--groundandwater--fish--foodsupply52.Theunderlinedwordtheyparagraph5refersto.A.fishB.particlesC.microscopicorganismsD.mercuryandPCBs53.Accordingtothepassagewhichgroupoffishcanbesafelyeatenbyyoungkids?A.Shellfish;tilefish;Alaskansalmon.B.Kingcrab;kingmackerel;PacificcoD.C.Pacificcod;Alaskansalmon;Americancatfish.D.Pacificcod;Atlanticsalmon;swordfish.54.Thewriterismostlikelytoagreethat.A.weshouldbecarefulwhendecidingwhatkindoffishtoeatB.overfishingisthemaincauseoffishpoisoningC.mosttypesoffishcanbesafelyraisedonfishfarmsD.thegovernmentshouldbanchildrenunder15fromeatingfish55.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat.A.childrenlikeeatingfishbecauseitsmellsfishyB.ifyouwanttobemoreenvironmentallyfriendlyeatlessfishC.PCBswerenotallowedtobeusedinfoodindustrybefore1977D.adultsmightbelessaffectedbyhighchemicallevelsinfish
ScientistsbelievethatconditionsonMarsaround3.8billionyearsagowereverysimilartothoseoftheearlyearthwhenprimitiveorganismswerespreadingthroughouroceans.AtthattimeMarswouldhavebeenmuchwarmerandwetterthanitistodaywithanatmospherecomposedmainlyofcarbondioxidejustlikethatoftheearthatthetimE.UndertheseconditionsitishighlyprobablethatlifemayhavearisenonMarsaswell.ButeveniflifedidnotarisenaturallyonMarsitdoesnotmeanthatitcouldnothaveexistedtherE.AccordingtoProfessorPaulDaviesoftheUniversityofAdelaideAustralialifeformscouldhavebeentransferredbetweentheearthandMarsinwreckagebrokepiecescreatedbytheimpactofcomet彗星andsmallplanetsonthesurfaceofthetwoplanets.Eventodayabout500tonsofmaterialfromMarslandsoneartheveryyear.Itismainlyintheformofthedustbutoccasionallyalargerchunk厚片大块strikestheearth.In1911apieceofMartianrockcrashedinEgyptkillingadog.AccordingtoprofessorDaviesitisinthesechunksofrockwhichweremuchlargerandmorefrequentinthepastthatlifeformscouldhavebeentransportedfromplanettoplanet.Buthowcouldtheselifeformshavesurvivedtheirjourneythroughspace?SaysPaulDaviesThedifficultyinbelievingthistheoryisthatabacteriumonitsowninspacehastostruggleitselfnotonlyagainstcoldbutalsoagainstdeadlycosmic宇宙的radiation.Butwrappedinarockthesituationisdifferent.A.rocktenmetersacrosswouldshieldlifeinsideitfromalotofradiationandthetemperaturemightonlybeminus10or20degreesthesortofthingwehaveonearth.73.Wheredosomescientistssupposelifeprobablycomefrom?回答不超过6个单词74.WhatdoesProfessorPaulDaviesbelieve?回答不超过6个单词75.Whycouldlifesurvivewhentransferredfromoneplanettoanother?回答不超过12个单词
Astrongwindcanbeadangerousthing-sometimesitispowerfulenoughtoknockyouoffyourfeet.Buttoplantsthewindisasourceofnewlifecarryingthemortheirspores孢子thousandsofmiles.ANASAsatellitecalledQuikSCAThasdiscoveredhighwaysofwindovertheEarth'soceans.Scientistsbelievetheseinvisibleroadsmayexplainwhymanynonfloweringplantssuchasmosses苔藓andlichens地衣growwheretheydo.Thesatelliteisabletosendmicrowaves微波fromspacetothesurfaceoftheocean.Thepatternofsignalsthatcomebackshowswhichwaythewindsareblowing.Usingthisdatathescientistsstudiedagroupofislandsinthesouthernhemisphere半球nearAntarctica.Windstendtoblowanticlockwise逆时针inthisregionbuttherearelotsoflocaldifferences.Whentheresearcherscomparedtheselocalpatternstobotanical植物学datatheyfoundthatthewindhadanimportanteffectonwherespeciesofmosseslichensandothernonfloweringplantsgrow.ForexampleBouvetIslandandHeardIslandshare30percentoftheirmossspecies29percentofliverworts叶苔and32percentoflichens-eventhoughtheyare4430kilometersapart.IncontrastGoughIslandandBouvetIslandseparatedbyjust1860kilometersofseashareonly16percentofmossesand17percentofliverworts.Theyhavenolichensincommon.Ferns蕨类植物andfloweringplantsdon'ttravelaswellinthewindsotheydon'tshowthesamekindsofdistribution分布patterns.67.Thisstoryisabout.A.thediscoveryofwindhighwaysB.howwindtravelsC.howwindaffectsdifferentplantsD.oneofthewind68.Theunderlinedworddatainthefourthparagraphmeans.A.signalB.patternC.informationD.research69.WhichofthefollowingisWRONG?A.BouvetIslandHeardIslandandGoughIslandareallinthesouthernhemisphere.B.Windsintheresearchedareasblowanticlockwise.C.Thescientistsneedn'tbasethisresearchonhowwindsaffectwherefernsgrow.D.WithouttheQuikSCATtheresearchwouldn'thavemadesense.70.Whichofthefollowingdiagramsshowsthecorrectpositionoftheislands?
Formostofhistoryscientistsandmankindingeneralconsideredplantstobepassiveorganismsjustwithnoreasonormeansofcommunicatingwithoneanother.Butnewresearchhasrevealedthatmanyplantsactually‘chat’quiteabitovertheirownnetworkswhichmayalsoindicatethatyourauntisn’tquiteascrazyasyouthought.Youknowtheonethattalkstoherpetunias矮牵牛花andexpectsananswer.Infactmanyplantsforminternal内部的communicationnetworksandareabletoexchangeinformationefficiently.Theseconnectionsenabletheplantstoshareinformationviainternalchannelsinamannerverysimilartocomputernetworks.Sowhatkindofthingsdoplantstelleachother?ResearcherJosefStueferfoundthatonepurposeforplantshavingtheirownchatsystemsistowarneachother.Heandhiscolleagueswerethefirsttoprovethatclover三叶草plantsdoindeedwarneachotherviathesenetworklinksifenemiesarenearby.Forexampleifoneoftheplantsisattackedbycaterpillars毛虫itwillwarntheothermembersofthenetworkviaaninternalsignal.Afterreceivingawarningtheotherplantswillstrengthentheirprotectivechemicalandmechanicalresistancesothattheyarelessattractivetoadvancingcaterpillars.Thisearlywarningsystemallowstheplantstostayonestepaheadoftheirenemies.Experimentalresearchhasrevealedthatthiscommunicationsignificantlylimitsthedamagetotheplants.ItisalsoknownthatplantshavefamilyvalueswithnewresearchrevealingtheyhavetheabilitytorecognizecloserelativesinordertohelpeachothersurvivE.Researchfoundplantsfromthesamespeciesofbeach-dwellingwildflowersforexamplegrewaggressively侵略地alongsideunrelatedneighborsbutwerelesscompetitivewhentheysharedsoilwiththeirsiblings.Someresearchersthinkthatplantsmustcommunicatethroughtheirrootsidentifyingthemselvesusingtinychemicalsignaturesspecifictoeachplant’sfamily.Theresearchshowsthatourcurrentconceptofplantsisprobablyapoorreflectionofreality.Scientistsareeagertodiscoverinwhatwaysandtowhatextentplantscommunicatewitheachother.64.Yourauntismentionedinthefirstparagraphtoindicatethat______.A.plantsareveryimportanttopeopleB.plantshavetheabilitytocommunicateC.peoplecancommunicatewithplantsD.plantsareconsideredtobepassiveorganisms665.Wecaninferfromthepassagethatcloverplantsthatreceiveawarningprotectthemselvesagainstenemies______.A.byfightingenemiestogetherB.byhidingthemselvesfromenemiesC.byattackingenemieswithchemicalsD.bymakingthemselvestasteunpleasant66.TheunderlinedwordsiblingsinParagraph4refersto______.A.unrelatedneighborsB.familyvaluesC.closerelativesD.wildflowers67.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaccordingtothepassage?A.Manyplantsareconnectedbyinternalchannels.B.Differentplantsformacommunicationnetwork.C.PlantstendtolookforinformationtheyneeD.D.Allplantsshareinformationwitheachother.68.Thebesttitleforthispassagemaybe______.A.ExistenceintheGreenKingdomB.CompetitionintheGreenKingdomC.CommunicationwithGreenPlantsD.CommunicationoftheGreenKingdom
Hightechandstateoftheartaretwoexpressionsthatdescribeverymoderntechnology.Hightechisjustashorterwayofsayinghightechnology.Andhightechnologydescribesanyinventionsystemordevicethatusesthenewestideasordiscoveriesofscienceandengineering.Whatishightech?A.computerishightech.SoisacommunicationsatellitE.A.modernmanufacturing制造业的systemissurelyhightech.HightechbecameapopularexpressionintheUnitedStatesduringtheearly1980’s.BecauseofimprovementsintechnologypeoplecouldbuymanynewkindsofproductsinAmericanstoressuchashomecomputersmicrowaveovens微波炉etC.StateoftheartissomethingthatisasmodernaspossiblE.Itisaproductthatisbasedontheverylatestmethodsandtechnology.Somethingthatisstateoftheartisthenewestpossibledesignorproductofabusinessorindustry.A.stateofthearttelevisionsetforexampleusesthemostmodernelectronicdesignandparts.Itisthebestthatonecanbuy.Stateoftheartisnotanewexpression.Engineershaveuseditforyearstodescribethebestandmostmodernwayofdoingsomething.MillionsofAmericansbegantousetheexpressioninthelate1970’s.Thereasonwasthecomputerrevolution.Everycomputercompanyclaimedthatitscomputerswerestateoftheart.Computertechnologychangessofastthatastateoftheartcomputertodaymightbeoldtomorrow.Theexpressionstateofthearthasbecomeascommonandpopularascomputersthemselves.Nowallkindsofproductsaresaidtobestateoftheart.72.Whatisthepurposeofthepassage?A.TotellhowhightechandstateofthearthavedevelopeD.B.Togiveexamplesofhightech.C.TotellwhathightechandstateoftheartarE.D.Todescribeverymoderntechnology.73.Whatcanweinfer推断fromthepassage?A.AmericanstorescouldprovidenewkindsofproductstothepeoplE.B.Hightechdescribesatechnologythatisnottraditional.C.Stateoftheartisnotaspopularashightech.D.Awoodenploughpulledbyoxenisstateoftheart.74.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?A.Sincethecomputerrevolutiontheexpressionstateofthearthasbecomepopular.B.Stateoftheartmeanssomethingthatisthebestonecanbuy.C.WiththerapiddevelopmentofcomputertechnologyastateoftheartcomputermayeasilybecomeoutofdatE.D.Allkindsofproductsarestateoftheartnowadays.75.Thebesttitleforthepassageis________.A.ComputerTechnologyB.HighTechandStateoftheArtC.MostAdvancedTechnologyD.TwoNewExpressions
Consumersarebeingconfusedandmisledbytheenvironmentalclaims声称madebyhouseholdproductsaccordingtoagreenlabeling标签studypublishedbyConsumersInternationalFriday.Amongthereport’smoreoutrageous令人无法容忍的finding―aGermanfertilizerdescribeditselfasearthwormfriendlyabrandoffloursaiditwasnon-polluting.andaBritishtoiletpaperclaimedtobeenvironmentallyfriendlier.ThestudywaswrittenandresearchedbyBritain’sNationalConsumerCouncilNCCforlobbygroupConsumersInternational.ItwassupportedbytheGermanandDutchgovernmentsandtheEuropeanCommission.WhilemanygoodandusefulclaimsarebeingmadeitisclearthereisalongwaytogoinensuringthatshoppersarewellinformedabouttheenvironmentalinfluenceofproductstheybuysaidConsumersInternationaldirectorAnnaFielder.The10-countrystudyexaminedproductpackaginginBritainWesternEuropeScandinaviaandtheUnitedStates.ItfoundthatproductssoldinGermanyandtheUnitedKingdommadethemostenvironmentalclaimsonaveragE.Thereportfocusedonclaimsmadebyspecificproductssuchasdetergent洗涤剂andgardenproducts.ItdidnottesttheclaimsbutcomparedthemtolabelingguidelinessetbytheInternationalStandardsOrganizationISO.Researchersdocumentedclaimsofenvironmentalfriendlinessmadebyabout2000productsandfoundmanyunclearortoomisleadingtomeetISOstandards.Laundrydetergentsmadethemostnumberofclaimswith158.Householdcleanersweresecondwith145separateclaimswhilepaintswerethirdonoutlistwith73.ThehighnumbersshowhowconfusingitmustbeforconsumerstosortthetruefromthemisleadingsaidreportresearcherPhilipPagE.TheISOlabelingstandardsbanunclearormisleadingclaimsonproductpackagingbecausetermssuchasenvironmentallyfriendly’’andnon-pollutingcannotbeproveD.WhatwearenowpushingforistohavemultinationalcorporationsmeetthestandardssetbytheISOsaidPagE.68.AccordingtothepassagetheNCCfounditoutrageousthat.A.alltheproductsclaimtomeetISOstandardsB.theclaimsmadebyproductsareoftenunclearormisleadingC.consumerswouldbelievemanyofthemanufactures’claimsD.fewproductsactuallyprovetobeenvironmentfriendly69.AsindicatedinthispassagewithsomanygoodclaimstheconsumersA.arebecomingmorecautiousabouttheproductstheyaregoingtobuyB.arestillnotwillingtopaymoreforproductswithgreenlabelingC.arebecomingmoreawareoftheeffectsdifferentproductshaveontheenvironmentD.stilldonotknowtheexactinfluenceofdifferentproductsontheenvironment70.ThepurposeofthestudycarriedoutbyBritain’sNCCisto.A.findouthowmanyclaimsmadebyproductsfailtomeetenvironmentalstandardsB.informtheconsumersoftheenvironmentalinfluenceoftheproductstheybuyC.examineclaimsmadebyproductsagainstISOstandardsD.revisetheguidelinessetbytheInternationalStandardsOrganization71.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatthelobbygroupConsumerInternationalwantstoA.helpproductlabelingsatisfyISOrequirementsB.provetheeffectsofnon―pollutingproductsC.seeallhouseholdproductsmeetenvironmentalstandardsD.warnconsumersofthedangerofso―calledgreenproducts
Somescientistssaythatanimalsintheoceansareincreasinglythreatenedbynoisepollutioncausedbyhumanbeings.Thenoisethataffectsseacreaturescomesfromanumberofhumanactivities.Itiscausedmainlybyindustrialunderwaterexplosionsoceandrillingandshipengines.Suchnoisesareaddedtonaturalsounds.Thesesoundsincludethebreakingoficefieldsunderwaterearthquakesandsoundsmadebyanimalsthemselves.Decibels分贝measuredinwateraredifferentfromthosemeasuredonlanD.A.noiseofonehundredandtwentydecibelsonlandcausespaintohumanears.Inwateradecibellevelofonehundredandninety-fivewouldhavethesameeffect.Somescientistshaveproposedsettinganoiselimitofonehundredandtwentydecibelsinoceans.Theyhaveobservedthatnoisesatthatlevelcanfrightenandconfusewhales.AteamofAmericanandCanadianscientistsdiscoveredthatloudernoisescanseriouslyinjuresomeanimals.Theresearchteamfoundthatpowerfulunderwaterexplosionswerecausingwhalesintheareatolosetheirhearing.Thisseriouslyaffectedthewhales'abilitytoexchangeinformationandfindtheirway.SomeofthewhalesevendieD.TheexplosionshadcausedtheirearstobleedandbecomeinfecteD.Manyresearcherswhoseworkdependsonoceansoundsobjecttoalimitofonehundredandtwentydecibels.Theysaysuchalimitwouldmeananendtoimportantindustrialandscientificresearch.Scientistsdonotknowhowmuchandwhatkindsofnoisesareharmfultooceananimals.HowevermanyscientistssuspectthatnoiseisagreaterdangerthantheybelieveD.Theywanttopreventnoisesfromharmingcreaturesintheocean.71.Accordingtothepassagewhichofthefollowingisincreasinglydangeroustoseacreatures?A.Theman-madenoises.B.Thenoisesmadebythemselves.C.Thesoundofearthquakes.D.Thesoundoftheice-breaking.72.Whichofthefollowingisdiscussedinthethirdparagraph?A.Differentplaceswithdifferenttypesofnoises.B.Theveryhumanearssensitivetoalltypesofnoises.C.Theoceananimals'reactiontonoises.D.Thesamenoisemeasureddifferentlyonlandandintheocean.73.Astotheinfluenceofnoisesonwhaleswhichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?A.Theyaredeaftonoises.B.Noisesatacertainlevelmayhurtthem.C.Theyareeasilyconfusedbynoises.D.NoiseswilllimittheirabilitytoreproducE.74.Wecanknowfromthepassagethatmanyresearchersthinkthatthenoiselimitofonehundredtwentydecibelswould_____.A.preventthemfromdoingtheirresearchworkB.benefitthemalotintheirresearchworkC.dogoodtotheirhealthD.increasetheindustrialoutput75.Accordingtothepassagewhatwillscientistsmostprobablydointhefuture?A.TheywilltrytheirbesttodecreasenoisE.B.Theywillworkhardtocutdownnoisepollution.C.Theywillstudytheeffectofdifferentnoises.D.Theywillprotectanimalsfromharmfulnoises.
Whenahandheldvideogamerunsoutofpowerallyouhavetodoisplugitinandchargeitup.Withinafewyearssomeofyoumightdothesamethingwithmom’scar.Automobilecompaniesaredevelopingvehiclesthatwillplugintoelectricsockets插座justlikemanylaptopsdigitalcamerascellphonesandsmallvideogameplayersdo.Calledplug-inhybrids混合动力汽车thesecarswillgetmostoftheirpowerfromelectricity.Theirdriverswillrarelyhavetostopatgasstations.Thetechnologyismorethanjustcool.Inourautomobile-filledworldplug-invehiclescouldreducetheamountofgasolineweusE.Thatgasismadefromcrudeoilwhichhasbeenkeptrisingincost.Plusdrivingaroundinthesehybridsmayevenhelptheenvironment.Gas-burningcarsproducealotofcarbondioxideatypeofgreenhousegas.Thesegasesstayintheatmospherewheretheytrapheatandcauseglobalwarming.Thefirstcompany-producedplug-inhybridscouldhittheroadsby20l0.ButengineersstillhavealotofworktodotomakethetechnologypracticalandinexpensivE.BatteriesarethebiggestchallengE.Intheplug-in-hybridworldLi-ionbatteriesaregettingthemostattention.Thesebatteriescanstorealargeamountofenergyinasmallpackageandtheylastarelativelylongtimebetweencharges.Li-ionbatteriesarestandardinlaptopscellphonesheartdevicesandsimilarportabledevices.Butbecausecarsaresobigandheavyitwouldstillrequireasuitcase-sizedLi-ionbatterytopoweraboutl2kmofdriving.What’smorethebatteriesareextremelyexpensivE.AcarfilledwithbatteriescouldgoalongdistancesaysTedBohnanelectricalengineerinChicago.Butitcouldn’thaul拖拉anypeopleanditwouldcost$l00000.Soresearchersneedtofigureouthowtomakebatteriessmallerandcheaperamongotherquestions.Theanswersdon’texistyetBohnsays.AsakidIthoughtsomeonesomeplaceknowstheanswertoeverything.Allofthesequestionshaven’tbeendecideD.That’swhatengineeringisabout―makingaguessrunningtestsandfine-tuningresults.59.Thewriterwrotethispassagewiththepurposeof__________________.A.howtochargethehandheldvideogameupB.explaininganewly-developedbatteryC.introducinganewcarD.tellingushowtomakethenewbatterycheaper60.Whichistrueaccordingtothepassage?A.Plug-inhybridswilldonoharmtotheenvironment.B.Li-lionbatteriesinlaptopscanbeusedonplug-inhybrids.C.Somecompaniescanproduceplug-inhybridsnow.D.Driversofplug-inhybridswillspendlessmoneyongasolinE.61.Fromthepassagewecanlearn_________________.A.wecanbuyoneofplug-inhybridsnowB.allpeoplewillbuyoneafter20l0C.thiskindofcarcancarrytwopersonsD.someproblemsaboutplug-inhybridsremaintobedone
SpecialtreesthatgrowfasterfightpollutionproducebetterwoodandevensensechemicalattacksarebeingplantedbyscientistsintheUS.When40percentofHawaii'sUS$14million-a-yearpapaya木瓜industrywasdestroyedbyavirusfiveyearsagoworkbeganoncreatinggeneticallyengineered转基因的trees.Researcherssuccessfullyintroducedseedsthatweredesignedtoresistthevirus.Sincethenmoreandmorepeoplehavebeentestinggeneticallyengineeredtrees.SomeresearchersputspecialbacteriaintotreestohelpthemgrowfasterandproducebetterwooD.Othersaretryingtocreatetreesthatcancleanpollutedsoil.Meanwhilefruitfarmersarelookingfortreesthatarestrongenoughtoresistwormsandpapercompanieswanttreesthatproducemorewoodandthereforemorepaper.ThePentagon五角大楼evengavetheresearchersUS$500000thisyearaftertheydevelopedapinetreethatchangesitscoloursifitsensesachemicalattack.Sofarthepoplareucalyptus杨树与桉树appleandcoffeetreesareamongthosebeingengineereD.Allthiscanbedonetodaybecausewehaveabetterunderstandingoftreegenomes基因组.Howeversomepeoplefearthatthegeneticallyengineeredtreeswillcausedangerousresults.Theyareworriedthatthenewtreeswillbreed繁殖withnaturalspeciesandchangethebalanceoftheforestenvironment.ItcouldbedestructivesaidJimDiamondanenvironmentalist.'Treesarewhatisleftofournaturalenvironmentandhometomanyendangeredspecies.Butresearchersinsistthatsciencecouldgivenatureafightingchanceagainstbothnaturalandman-madedangers.Theyhopetoanswerthecritics批评家bystoppingthenewtreesfrombreedingsotheireffectontheenvironmentcanbecontrolleD.68.WhichkindoftreeisnottheonesthatscientistsareplantingintheUS?A.Treesthatwormscan'thurt.B.Treesthatcansenseachemicalattack.C.Treesthatcanresistwindbetter.D.Geneticallyengineeredtrees.69.WhatcausedtheAmericanscientiststoworkonspecialtreesdirectly?A.Theythinksciencecouldgivenatureafightingchanceagainstbothnaturalandman-madedangers.B.Greatnumbersoftreeshavebeenlostduetoattacksbyviruses.C.Researcherssuccessfullyintroducedseedsdesignedtoresistthevirus.D.Treegenomesaremappedoutsoscientistsknowhowtoimprovetrees.70.Whichofthefollowingwasprobablythefirstkindoftreesbeingengineered?A.PapayA.B.PinE.C.ApplE.D.Poplar.71.Whydidcriticsthinkengineeredtreesdangerous?Because_________.A.thesetreescandestroythebalanceofnatureB.everythingexcepttreeshasbeengeneticallyengineeredC.treesarehometomanyendangeredspeciesD.thesetreesmayaffectnormaltrees
BotanythestudyofplantsplaysastrangeroleinthehistoryofhumanknowledgE.FormanythousandsofyearsitwasonefieldaboutwhichhumanshadlittleknowledgE.ItisimpossibletoknowtodayjustwhatourStoneAgeAncestorsknewaboutplantsbutfromwhatwecanobserveofpreindustrialsocietiesthatstillexistsadetailedlearningofplantsandtheirproperties特征mustbeveryancient.ThisisreasonablE.Plantsarethebasisofthefoodpyramidforalllivingthingsevenforotherplants.Theyhavealwaysbeengreatlyimportanttothegoodofpeoplesnotonlyforfoodbutalsoforclothingweaponstoolsmedicineshousingandagreatmanyotherpurposes.Tribes部落livingtodayinthewoodsoftheAmazonrecognizehundredsofplantsandknowmanypropertiesofeach.Tothembotanyassuchhasnonameandisprobablynotevenrecognizedasaspecialbranchofknowledgeatall.Unfortunatelythemoreindustrializedwebecomethefartherawaywemovefromdirectrelationwithplantsandthelessclearourknowledgeofbotanygrows.YeteveryonecomesunconsciouslyonasurprisingamountofbotanicalknowledgeandfewpeoplewillfailtorecognizearoseoranapplE.WhenourNewStoneAgeancestorslivingintheMiddleEastabout10000yearsagodiscoveredthatcertaingrassescouldbeharvestedandtheirseedsplantedforricherproductionthenextseasonthefirstgreatstepinanewconnectionofplantsandhumanswastaken.Grainswerediscoveredandfromthemflowedthemarvelofagriculture:plantedcrops.Fromthenonhumanswouldincreasinglytaketheirlivingfromthecontrolledproductionofafewplantsratherthangettingalittlehereandalittletherefrommanyvarietiesthatgrewwildandthecollectedknowledgeoftensofthousandsofyearsofexperienceandcloserelationswithplantsinthewildwouldbegintodisappear.67.Whichofthefollowingassumptions假设aboutearlyhumansisexpressedinthepassage?A.Theyprobablyhadwideknowledgeofplants.B.TheyclearlydividedknowledgeintoseparatefieldsC.Theydidnotenjoythestudyofbotany.D.Theyplacedgreatimportanceonownershipofproperty.68.Accordingtothepassagewhyhasgeneralknowledgeofbotanydecreased?A.PeoplenolongervalueplantsasausefulresourcE.B.BotanyisnotrecognizedasaspecialbranchofsciencE.C.Researchisunabletokeepupwiththeincreasingnumberofplants.D.DirectrelationwithavarietyofplantshasdecreaseD.69.Inparagraph2theunderlinedwordmarvelisclosestinmeaningto_____.A.edgeB.signC.beginningD.wonder70.Accordingtothepassagewhatwasthefirstgreatsteptowardthepracticeofagriculture?A.Theinventionofagriculturetoolsandmachines.B.Thedevelopmentofasystemofnamesforplants.C.ThediscoveryofgrassesthatcouldbeharvestedandreplanteD.
AlthoughwealreadyknowagreatdealaboutfluandalthoughtheWorldHealthOrganizationsisconstantlycollectingdetailedinformationfromitschainofflureferencelaboratoriesthroughouttheworlditisextremelydifficultforepidemiologistswhostudyinfectiousdiseasestopredictwhenandwherethenextfluepidemicwilloccurandhowseriousitwillbE.TherearethreekindsoffluvirusknownasAB.andC.fluC.virusisrelativelystableandcausesmildinfectionsthatdonotspreadfarthroughthepopulation.TheA.andB.typesareunstableandareresponsiblefortheepidemicsthatcausefrequentconcern.Followinganyvirusattackthehumanbodybuildsupantibodies抗体whichcanbechangedintoimmunitytothattypeofvirusbutaviruswiththeabilitytochangeitscharacterisabletobypassthisprotection.Variability可变性islessdevelopedinthefluB.viruswhichaffectsonlyhumanbeings.AsfluB.virusmaycauseawidespreadepidemicbutwillhavelittleeffectifintroducedintothesamecommunitysoonafterwardssincenearlyeveryonewillhavebuiltupantibodiesandwillbeimmunE.ThefluA.viruswhichaffectsanimalsalsoisextremelyunstableandisresponsibleforsomeoftheworstoutbreaksofthediseasesuchastheworldepidemicof1918&1919whenabouthalftheworld’spopulationwereinfectedandabouttwentymillionpeoplediedsomefrompneumoniacausedbythevirusitselfandsomefromsecondarycomplicationcausedbybacteriA.Accuratepredictionisdifficultbecauseofthecomplicationofthefactors.A.particularvirusmayberelatedtoonetowhichsomeofthepopulationhavepartialinvolvedimmunity.Theextenttowhichitwillspreadwilldependonfactorssuchasitsownstrengthorvirulence病毒性theeasewithwhichitcanbetransmittedandthestrengthoftheoppositionitencounters遇到.Scientistshoweverhaveareliablegeneralpictureoftheworldsituation.55.Whichofthefollowingisthemostappropriatetitleforthepassage?A.SymptomsofFluB.ManVsFluVirusC.WHO:TheMajorOrganizationagainstFluVirusD.VariabilityofFluVirus56.WhatdoestheauthorsayaboutthefluB.virus?A.B.Virusisrelativelystableandcausesmildinfectionsthatdonotspreadfarthroughthepopulation.B.B.Virusisunstableandisresponsiblefortheepidemicsthatcausefrequentconcern.C.B.virusisextremelyunstableandisresponsibleforsomeoftheworstoutbreaksofthediseasE.D.B.virushasaverydevelopedvariabilityanditaffectsonlyhumanbeings.57.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedasafactorcontributingtotheextenttowhichavirusspreads?A.Thestrengthofthevirus.B.TheeasewithwhichtheviruscanbetransmitteD.C.Thestrengthoftheopposition.D.Theimmunitytheviruscanbringabout.58.Thisarticleisquiteprobably________.A.apieceofnewsB.aspecialsciencereportC.anintroductiontoabookD.ascientificfiction
UntilrecentlythescienceofthefuturewassupposedtobeelectronicsandartificialintelligencE.Todayitseemsmoreandmorelikelythatthenextgreatbreakthroughsintechnologywillbebroughtthroughacombinationofthosetwoscienceswithorganicchemistryandgeneticengineering.Thiscombinationisthescienceofbiotechnology.Organicchemistryenablesustoproducemarveloussynthetic合成的materials.HoweveritisstilldifficulttomanufactureanythingthathasthecapacityofwooltoconserveheatandalsotoabsorbmoisturE.Nothingthatwehavebeenabletoproducesofarcomesanywherenearthecombinationofstrengthlightnessandflexibilitythatwefindinthebodiesofordinaryinsects.Neverthelessscientistsinthelaboratoryhavealreadysucceededingrowingamaterialthathasmanyofthecharacteristicsofhumanskin.Thenextstepmaywellbebiotechheartsandeyeswhichcanreplacediseasedorgansinhumanbeings.Thesewillnotberejectedbythebodyasisthecasewithorgansfromhumans.Theapplicationofbiotechnologytoenergyproductionseemsevenmorepromising.In1996thefamoussciencefictionwriterArthurC.Clarkemanyofwhosepreviouspredictionshavecometruesaidthatwemaysoonbeabletodevelopremarkablycheapandrenewablesourcesofenergy.Someofthesepowersourceswillbebiological.Clarkeandothershavewarnedusrepeatedlythatsoonerorlaterwewillhavetogiveupourdependenceonnon-renewablepowersources.Coaloilandgasareindeedconvenient.Howeverusingthemalsomeanscreatingdangerouslyhighlevelsofpollution.Itwillbeimpossibletomeetthegrowingdemandforenergywithoutincreasingthatpollutiontocatastrophic灾难性的levelsunlesswedeveloppowersourcesthatarebothcheaperandcleaner.Itisattemptingtothinkthatbiotechnologyorsomeotherscienceofthefuturecansolveourproblems.Beforewesurrendertothattemptationweshouldremembernuclearpower.Onlyafewgenerationsagoitseemedtopromiselimitlesscheapandsafeenergy.TodaythosepromiseslieburiedinaconcretegraveinaplacecalledChernobyl切尔诺贝利intheUkrainE.Biotechnologyisunlikelyhowevertobreakitspromisesinquitethesameorsuchadangerousway.68.Accordingtothepassagethescienceofthefutureislikelytobe__________.A.electronicsB.biotechnologyC.geneticengineeringD.nucleartechnology69.Organicchemistryhelpstoproducematerialsthatare__________.A.asgoodaswoolB.asgoodasaninsect’sbodyC.notasgoodasnaturalmaterialsD.betterthannaturalmaterials.70.Accordingtothepassageitmaysoonbepossible__________.A.tomakesomethingasgoodashumanskinB.toproducedrugswithoutsideeffectsC.totransplanthumanorgansD.tomakeartificialheartsandeyes71.In1996ArthurC.Clarkepredictedthat___________.A.biologicalpowersourceswouldbeputintousesoonB.oilgasandcoalcouldberepeatedlyusedinthefutureC.dependenceonnon-renewablepowersourceswouldbereducedsoonD.theChernobyldisasterwouldhappenintwoyears72.Whatdowelearnfromthelastparagraph?A.Biotechnologycansolveallourfutureenergyproblems.B.Biologicalpowerischeaperthannuclearpower.C.Biologicalpowermaynotbeasdangerousasnuclearpower.D.Biologicalpowerwillkeepallitspromises.
根据短文内容从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项选项中有两项为多余选项RecentlysomeAmericanscientistshavegivenausefulpieceofadvicetopeopleinindustrializednations.Theysaypeopleshouldeatmoreofthesamekindoffoodeatenbyhumanslivingmorethan10000yearsago.71Thescientistssaythatthehumanlifehaschangedgreatly.Ourbodieshavenotbeenabletodealwiththesechangesinlifestyleandthishadledtonewkindsofsicknesses.72Sotheyarecalleddiseasesofcivilization.Manycancersanddiseasesofthebloodsystemareexamplesofsuchdiseases.ScientistsnotedthatpeopleinboththeOldStoneAgeandtheNewStoneAgeenjoyedverylittlealcoholortobaccoprobablynone.73Howeverachangeinfoodisoneofthemaindifferencesbetweenlifeinancienttimesandthatoftoday.StoneAgepeoplehuntedwildanimalsfortheirmeatwhichhadmuchlessfatthandomesticones.Theyatealotoffreshwildvegetablesandfruits.Theydidnothavemilkoranyotherdairyproductsandtheymadeverylittleuseofgrains.74Weeatsixtimesmoresaltthanourancestors.Weeatmoresugar.WeeattwiceasmuchfatbutonlyonethirdasmuchproteinandmuchlessvitaminC.75ButscientistssaythatwewouldbemuchhealthierifweeatmuchthesamewaytheancientpeopledidcuttingtheamountoffattysaltyandsweetfooD.A.StoneAgepeoplelivedasimplelifE.B.ButtodayweenjoyeatingalotofthesE.C.Inthatcasetheywouldlivemuchhealthier.D.AncientpeoplealsogotlotsofphysicalexercisE.E.Thesenewsicknesseswerenotknowninancienttimes.F.Peopletodayprobablydon'twanttolivelikeourancestors.G.Modernpeopleusedtosufferfromdiseasesofcivilization.
Believeitornotopticalillusion错觉cancuthighwaycrashes.Japanisacaseinpoint.Ithasreducedautomobilecrashesonsomeroadsbynearly75percentusingasimpleopticalillusion.Butstripescalledchevrons人字形paintedontheroadsmakedriversthinkthattheyaredrivingfasterthantheyreallyareandthusdriversslowdown.NowtheAmericanAutomobileAssociationFoundation基金会forTrafficSafetyinWashingtonD.C.isplanningtorepeatJapan’ssuccess.Startingnextyearthefoundationwillpaintchevronsandotherpatternsofstripesonselectedroadsaroundthecountrytotesthowwellthepatternsreducehighwaycrashes.Excessive过多的speedplaysamajorroleinasmuchasonefifthofallfataltrafficaccidentsaccordingtothefoundation.Tohelpreducethoseaccidentsthefoundationwillconductitstestsinareaswherespeed-relatedhazards危险arethegreatestcurvesexitslopestrafficcirclesandbridges.Somestudiessuggestthatstraighthorizontalbarspaintedacrossroadscaninitially起初cuttheaveragespeedofdriversinhalf.Howevertrafficoftenreturnstofullspeedwithinmonthsasdriversbecomeusedtoseeingthepaintedbars.Chevronsscientistssaynotonlygivedriverstheimpressionthattheyaredrivingfasterthantheyreallyarebutalsomakealaneappeartobenarrower.Theresultisalongerlastingreductioninhighwayspeedandthenumberoftrafficaccidents.59.Thepassagemainlydiscusses________.A.anewwayofhighwayspeedcontrolB.anewpatternforpaintinghighwaysC.anewwayoftrainingdriversD.anewtypeofopticalillusion60.Onroadspaintedwithchevronsdriverstendtofeelthat________.A.theyshouldavoidspeed-relatedhazardsB.theyaredrivinginthewronglaneC.theyshouldslowdowntheirspeedD.theyarecomingneartothespeedlimit61.Theadvantageofchevronsoverstraighthorizontalbarsisthattheformer________.A.cankeepdriversawakeB.cancutroadaccidentsinhalfC.willlookmoreattractiveD.willhavealongereffectondrivers62.TheAmericanAutomobileAssociationFoundationforTrafficSafetyplansto________.A.tryouttheJapanesemethodincertainareasB.changetheroadsignsacrossthecountryC.replacestraighthorizontalbarswithchevronsD.repeattheJapaneseroadpatterns
Desertplantsfallintotwosortsaccordingtothewaytheydealwiththeproblemofsurvivingdrought.Therearethedrought―avoiders―thosewhichpersist存留onlyasseedsreadytospringupwhenitrainstoflowerquicklyandproduceanothercropofseedsandtodieagain.Therearealsothedrought―resisters―thosewhichhaveevolvedvariousmethodsforstrongwaterlocatingundergroundwaterorreducingtheirneedforwaterbysuchdevicesassheddingtheirleaves.Thedrought―resistersareperennials多年生植物theymanagetolivefromonerainyseasontoanotherslowlygrowingbiggerandbigger.Ofthesethesucculents肉质的isasmallbutinterestingfraction小部分.Theymaystorewaterintheirleavesintheirstemsorinundergroundcontainers.IntheAmericandesertsthebest―knownsucculentsarethecacti仙人掌.Theycomeinawiderangeofsizesfrom50―foottallgiantsaguaros树形仙人掌totinyroundcactiaboutthesizeofathumb―nail.Theytakethickcylindrical圆柱体的orevensphericalformstherebyexposingaminimumofevaporatingsurfacetotheairandlight.Theyareleaflessexceptinyouthandthentheleavesaresmall.Typicallytheirsurfacesarespinydiscouragingthirstyanimalsandchanneledlikeanaccordion手风琴sothefleshystemmayexpandquicklywhentheplantdrinksandcontractslowlyasitusesupthewater.Therootsystemiswidespreadandshallowwithgoodreason;onlyabout3percentoftherainthatfallsonthedesertpenetratestoanysignificantdepthintosoil.65.Thepassageclassifies将分类thedesertplantsaccordingto___.A.thewaystheytaketodealwiththetypicalclimaticconditionindesertB.theirshapeC.howtheyusewaterD.whentheyproducetheirseeds66.Accordingtothepassagesomedesertplantsdroptheirleaves___.A.becausethetemperatureistoohighB.sothattheplantscanevaporatelesswaterC.becausetheyaredroughtresistersD.sothattheplantscanstoremorewater67.Whatintereststheauthormostwhenheorshementionssucculentsisthat___.A.theytakethickcylindricalorevensphericalshapeB.theyarebest―knowninAmericaC.theyhavemanywaysofcontainingwaterD.someofthemcanbeverytiny68.Thepassagegivesusanimpressionthat___.A.thedesertplantsareshapedinawayasifthemweredesignedbysomebodyonpurposeB.morewaterisneededindesertsothatmoredesertplantscangrowthereC.morelandswillbeturnedintodesertifwedonottryhardertosavewaterinourdailylifeD.thecactiarethemostfamousdesertplantsinAmerica
Mostearthquakesoccurwithintheupper15milesoftheearth’ssurfacE.Butearthquakescananddooccuratalldepthstoabout460miles.Theirnumberdecreasesasthedepthincreases.Atabout460milesoneearthquakeoccursonlyeveryfewyears.Nearthesurfaceearthquakesmayrunashighas100inamonthbuttheyearlyaveragedoesnotvarymuch.Incomparisonwiththetotalnumberofearthquakeseachyearthenumberofdisastrousearthquakesisverysmall.[JP]Theextentofthedisasterinanearthquakedependsonmanyfactors.IfyoucarefullybuildatoyhousewithanerectsetitwillstillstandnomatterhowmuchyoushakethetablE.Butifyoubuildatoyhousewithapackofcardsaslightshakeofthetablewillmakeitfall.AnearthquakeinAgadirMoroccowasnotstrongenoughtoberecordedondistantinstrumentsbutitcompletelydestroyedthecity.ManystrongerearthquakeshavedonecomparativelylittledamagE.IfabuildingiswellconstructedandbuiltonsolidgrounditwillresistanearthquakE.Mostdeathsinearthquakeshavebeenduetofaultybuildingconstructionorpoorbuildingsites.A.thirdandveryseriousfactorispaniC.Whenpeoplerushoutintonarrowstreetsmoredeathswillresult.TheUnitedNationshasplayedanimportantpartinreducingthedamagedonebyearthquakes.Ithassentateamofexpertstoallcountriesknowntobeaffectedbyearthquakes.WorkingwithlocalgeologistsandengineerstheexpertshavestudiedthenatureofthegroundandthetypeofmostpracticalbuildingcodeforthelocalareA.Iffollowedthesesuggestionswillmakedisastrousearthquakesalmostathingofthepast.Thereisonetypeofearthquakedisasterthatlittlecanbedoneabout.Thisisthedisastercausedbyseismicseawavesortsunamis.Theseareoftencalledtidalwavesbutthenameisincorrect.Theyhavenothingtodowithtides.IncertainareasearthquakestakeplacebeneaththeseA.Thesesubmarineearthquakessometimesgiverisetoseismicseawaves.Thewavesarenotnoticeableoutatseabecauseoftheirlongwavelength.Butwhentheyrollintoharborstheypileupintowallsofwater6to60feethigh.TheJapanesecallthemtsunamismeaningharborwavesbecausetheyreachasizableheightonlyinharbors.Tsunamistravelfairlyslowlyatspeedsupto500milesanhour.Anadequatewarningsystemisinusetowarnallshoreslikelytobereachedbythewaves.ButthisonlyenablespeopletoleavethethreatenedshoresforhighergrounD.ThereisnowaytostoptheoncomingwavE.65.WhichofthefollowingCANNOTbeconcludedfromthepassage?A.Thenumberofearthquakesiscloselyrelatedtodepth.B.Roughlythesamenumberofearthquakesoccureachyear.C.Earthquakesareimpossibleatdepthsover460miles.D.Earthquakesaremostlikelytooccurnearthesurfaces.66.ThedestructionofAgadirisanexampleof_____.A.faultybuildingconstructionB.anearthquake’sstrengthC.widespreadpanicinearthquakesD.ineffectiveinstruments67.TheUnitedNations’expertsaresupposedto_____.A.constructstrongbuildingsB.putforwardproposalsC.detectdisastrousearthquakesD.monitorearthquakes68.Thesignificanceoftheslowspeedoftsunamisisthatpeoplemay_____.A.noticethemoutatseaB.findwaystostopthemC.bewarnedearlyenoughD.developwarningsystems
ScientistswarntodaythattheAtlanticbluefintuna金枪鱼facesdisappearanceunlesscertainactionistaken.TheyusedelectronicwaystotrackthemovementofthepowerfulfishfromtheGulfofMexicototheMediterraneanandreporttodayinthejournalNaturethatmealsofsushiandsandwicheswithtunaworldwidearemoredangerousthananyonehasimagineD.Thebluefintunacanlivefor30yearsgrowtothreemetresinlengthandweighasmuchas700kg.A.goodonecanfetchasmuchas£52000intheTokyofishmarkets.Inmylifetimewe’vebroughtthisbigfishtothedoorstepofdeathinthewesternAtlanticOceansaidBarbaraBlockofStanfordUniversityinCalifornia.Theelectronicwayoftracksprovidesthebestscientificinformationwe’veeverhadtomanagethesetunaandwemustasaninternationalcommunitystarttoactactivelytomakesureofthefutureofthisfish.ScientistshaverepeatedlysaidthattheharvestoftheseascannotbeasgoodasbeforE.TherearefewerandfewerfishinaroundNewfoundlandNorthSeaandIcelandsofishermenhavepushedfurtheroffshoreinsearchofdeepoceanfish.Tuna―intheMediterraneanandJapan―havebeenunderincreasingpressureforyears.TheInternationalCommissionontheConservationofAtlanticTunahastriedtomanagethefishsince1969.Therearetwopopulations:awesternonethathasdroppedby80%inthepast30yearsandalargereasternpopulation.Althoughcatchesarecontrolledby3000tonsayearinthewesternfisheryand32000intheeastnooneknewwhetherthelimitsworkeD.SoProfessorBlockandherteamplacedtracksonhundredsofthefishandtrackedthemtodepthsofmorethan900metresandonjourneysofthousandsofmilesmeasuringthemovementbodyandwatertemperatures.TherearetwowaystosavetheAtlanticbluefintuna―protectthemintheirproductiongroundsandintheirfeedinggroundsProf.BlocksaiD.ThiswillneedimmediateactioninboththecentralAtlantictoreducethelossofthebigfishwhilehuntingandintheGulfofMexicoandMediterraneanwheretunaproduceasseparatepopulations.72.Thebluefintunainthispassagemainlyreferstotheone_______.A.intheAtlanticB.inthePacificC.intheGulfofMexicoD.intheMediterranean73.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaccordingtothispassage?A.Thebluefintunaisakindoflargeandheavyfish.B.Thenumberofthebluefintunaintheseaisgettingsmallerandsmaller.C.ScientistsareworriedaboutthefutureofthetunA.D.ScientiststhinkthattheharvestoftheseaswillremaingooD.74.AccordingtoProfessorBlocktunacanbesavedby______.A.findinganewwaytoprotectthemB.controlingthecatchesofthemC.reducingthepopulationtoeatthemD.protectingthemintheirproductionandfeedinggrounds75.Thepurposeofthepassageisto______.A.tellpeopleanewwayhasbeenfoundtosavethebluefintunaB.callforactiontosavethebluefintunaC.warnpeoplenottoeattunasandwichesanymoreD.helpscientiststofindanewwaytosavethebluefintuna
Washington―Thelargestozone臭氧holeeverobservedhasopenedupoverAntarcticaaccordingtothescientistsoftheUSNationalAeronauticsandSpaceAdministrationNASA.Theybelieveitisasignthatozone―destroyinggasesproducedyearsagoarejustnowcausingthelargestquantitiesofozonetodisappear.Thisyear’sSouthPoleozoneholespreadsoverabout28.5millionsquarekilometersanareathreetimeslargerthanthelandmassoftheUnitedStates.PicturesoftheholehavebeenofferedbyNASA.TheholeappearsasagiantbluemasstotallycoveringAntarcticaandstretchingtothesoutherntipofSouthAmericA.Thelasttimetheozoneholewasclosetothissizewasin1998whenitspreadoverabout27.2millionsquarekilometersNASAsaiD.PaulNewmanwhoworkswithNASA’sTotalOzoneMappingSpectrometerTOMSinstrumentonaNASAsatellitesaidozonewatchershadexpectedabigholethisyearbutnotthisbig.TheAntarcticaozoneholefirstobservedin1985iscausedbythedepletion损耗ofEarthprotectingozonebyhuman-madechemicalssuchaschlorofluorocarbonsknownasCFCs.Eventhoughthesechemicalswerenotallowedtousefromthebeginningof1987theyremainintheatmosphereandwillcontinuetodosoforyearsNewmansaiD.Thisyear’slargeholemayhavebeencausedbyachangeinaswirlinghigh-levelaircurrentoverAntarcticawhichcirclestheareaandcontainsthezoneholeNewmansaiD.56.Thetextismainlyabout____.A.thediscoveryofthelargestozoneholeB.thediscoveryoftheAntarcticaozoneholeC.thehistoryoftheAntarcticaozoneholeD.thesizeofthelargestozonehole57.Thetime1985wastalkedaboutinthetextbecauseitwaswhentheAntarcticaozonehole____.A.waswatchedbyNewmanB.wasfirstclosedC.disappearedD.wasfirstwatched58.ThereisagiantozoneholeoverAntarcticabecause____overtherE.A.human-madechemicalshaveprotectedozoneB.ozonehasprotectedtheearthC.human-madechemicalshavedestroyedozoneD.human-madechemicalshaveincreasedozone
ThetelevisioncameraisratherlikethehumaneyE.Boththeeyeandthecamerahavealens镜头andbothproduceapictureonascreen.Ineachcasethepictureismadeupofmillionsofspotsoflight.Letusseehowtheeyeworks.Whenwelookatanobjectapersonahouseorwhateveritmaybe.wedonotseeallthedetailsoftheobjectinonepiecE.WeimaginewhatwedobutthisisnotthecasE.Infacttheeyebuildsupthepictureforusinourbrainwhichcontrolsoursightinmillionsofseparatepartsandalthoughwedonotrealizeitallthesedetailsareseenseparately.Thisiswhathappenswhenwelookatsomething.Beamsoflightofdifferentdegreesofintensity强度reflectedfromallpartsoftheobjectstrikethelensoftheeyE.Thelensthengatherstogetherthespotsoflightfromthesebeamsandfocusesthemontoalightsensitiveplatetheretina视网膜atthebackoftheeyeball.Inthiswayanimageoftheobjectisproducedontheretinaintheformofapatternoflights.Theretinacontainsmillionsofminutelightsensitiveelementseachofwhichisseparatelyconnectedtothebrainbyatinyfibreintheoptic视力的nervE.Thesenervefibresworkingindependentlypickoutminutedetailsfromtheimageontheretinaandturnthesmallspotsoflightintonerveimpulses冲击ofdifferentstrengths.Theythentransmittheseimpulsestothebrain.TheydothisallatthesametimE.AllthedetailsoftheimagearefedtothebrainandaswehavetaughtourbraintoaddthemtogethercorrectlyweseeaclearpictureoftheobjectasawholE.TelevisionwhichmeansvisionatadistanceoperatesonasimilarprinciplE.Atelevisionpictureisbuiltupinthousandsofseparateparts.Beamsoflightreflectedfromthesubjectbeingtelevisedstrikethelensofthetelevisioncamerawhichcorrespondsto相当于thelensoftheeyE.Thecameralensgatherstogetherthespotoflightfromthesebeamsandfocusesanimageofthesubjectontoaplatethesurfaceofwhichiscoatedwithmillionsofphotoelectricelementssensitivetolight.72.Inthefirstparagraphwearetoldthatthetelevisioncameraislikethehumaneyein__________________A.onewayB.twowaysC.threewaysD.alargenumberofways73.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaccordingtothewriter?A.Theeyeproducesapictureonascreen.B.Oursightiscontrolledbyourbrain.C.WeseeallthedetailsofanobjectinonepiecE.D.Thepictureismadeupofmillionsofspotsoflight.74.Alltheraysoflightreflectedfromobjectsare______________A.ofthesameintensityB.notatallintenseC.tosomedegreeintenseD.ofvaryingintensities75.A.cameralensfocusesanimageonto_____________.A.thesubjectB.asurfacemadeupofmillionsoflightsensitiveelementsC.atelevisionsetD.millionsofphotoelectricbeamsoflight
APlanForExploringMars火星探索计划NASAismovingaheadwithplanstoputalong-armedlanderonMars’icynorthpoletosearchforcluesforwaterandpossiblesignsoflifE.The$386millionPhoenixMarsisplannedtotouchdownintheMartianarcticin2008.ThestationaryprobewilluseitsroboticarmtodigintotheicylandandpickupsoilsamplestoanalyzE.In2002theMarsOdysseyorbiterspottedevidenceofice-richsoilnearthearcticsurfacE.ScientistshopethePhoenixmissionwillfindcluestothegeologichistoryofwaterontheRedPlanetanddeterminewhethermicrobesexistedintheicE.PhoenixwillbethefirstmissionoftheMarsScoutprogramarenewedlow-costefforttostudytheRedPlanet.ThePhoenixmissionexploresnewterritoryinthenorthernplainsofMarsanalogoustothepermafrostregionsonEarthPeterSmithsaiD.TruetoitsnamePhoenixrosefromtheashesofpreviousmissions.ThelanderforPhoenixwasbuilttoflyaspartofthe2001MarsSurveyorprogram.Buttheprogrambrokedownafterthewell-knowndisappearanceoftheMarsPolarLanderin1999.ThePolarLanderlostcontactduringalandingattemptneartheplanet’ssouthpoleafteritsrocketengineshutoffprematurelycausingthespacecrafttofallabout130feettoalmostcertaindestruction.ThePhoenixprobehadbeeninstorageataLockheedMartincleanroominDenverbeforeitwasreusedforitspresentmission.ItwillcarryscienceinstrumentsthatweredesignedfortheMarsSurveyorprogramincludinganimprovedpanoramiccameraandatrench-diggingroboticarm.PhoenixwillliftofffromtheKennedySpaceCenterinAugust2007andlandontheplanetninemonthslater.63.Thepassagemainlytellsreadersthat_________.A.cluesofwaterwillbefoundinPhoenixB.PhoenixwillbesenttofindcluesofwateronMarsC.August2007willseePhoenixliftoffD.theMarsScoutprogramwillbecarriedout64.Theunderlinedwordprematurelyparagraph5means_________.A.ontimeB.behindthetimeC.outofworkD.aheadoftime65.AccordingtothepassageweknowPhoenixwilllandonMars_________.A.inMay2008B.inAugust2007C.inAugust2008D.inSeptember200866.AccordingtothepassagethenamePhoenixisafterthemeaningof_________.A.rebirthB.deathC.energyD.hope67.AfterPhoenixlandsonMarswecaninferitwillfirstly_________.A.findsoilsamplesandsendthemtotheearthB.lookfortheicylandtodigforthesoilsamplesC.takephotosandsendthemtotheearthD.findtheremainsoftheMarsPolarLander
ItisimportanttogettherightboilerforthesizeofourhousE.Havingalargeboilerinasmallhouseisawastebutifyouhavealargehousewithasmallboileryou’llbeleftlackingwarmth.BritishGashasdevelopedanewboilerthe330+domestic家用的centralheatingboilerwhichcouldprovidetheperfectwayforyoutochangesituation.Anexperiencedengineercanadjustthe330+’soutputfrom9kWto30kW.ThismeanstheamountofheattheboilerisproducingcanbeadjustedinlinewiththesizeofyourhousE.SowhileyoustillhavejusttwobedroomsyoucouldkeepitonafairlylowsettinghavingthisincreasedasyoumakeyourhouselargertofourorevenmorebedroomsWhateveryourfutureneedsthe330+cankeepupwithyoupreventingyoufromhavingtodealwiththetroubleandcostofhavinganewlargerboilerfixedatalaterdatE.Inadditionthe330+isveryeasytokeepingoodconditionandfix.Itsdigitalindicatorprovidesadvancedandaccuratediagnoses诊断ofanyproblems.ThisinformationwillenableyoutohaveanyproblemsspeedilysettleD.Ifyoualsofinditdifficulttoworkoutexactlyhowmuchgasyouareconsumingonadailybasisthe330+canhelpyouseeimmediatelyifyouareconsumingalowmediumorhighamountofgas.Anindependentresearchhasshownthatthislevelofcustomerawarenesscanreduceenergyconsumptionbyasmuchas10%soyou’llbedoingyourbitfortheenvironmentaswell.Andasthe330+isproducedinBritaintransportationisleastpossibleprovidingevengreatersavingsfortheenvironment.Forfurtherinformationvisitbritishgas.co.uk/chiWhatdoyouthink?Haveyoursayatguardian.co.uk/britishgasgreenerliving68.Thegreatestadvantageofthenewproductisthat.A.itcanpreventyoufrombuyinganewlargerboilerB.itcanbeusedbothathomeandinbigcompaniesC.itcanbeadjustedaccordingtothesizeofyourhouseD.anyonecanadjusttheamountoftheheatitproduces69.Accordingtothepassagethedigitalindicatorcan.A.berepairedquiteeasilyB.bekeptingoodconditionC.detecttheproblemsoftheboilerD.helpyousettleproblemsbyyourself70.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Ifyouuse330+heatingboileryoumaysave20%ofgas.B.Thecostoftransportationmaybereducedifyouhave330+.C.Anexperiencedengineerwillkeeptheboileronalowsetting.D.The330+boilercantellyoutheamountofgasusedeveryday.71.Someofthereaderswillprobably.A.knowtheamountofgastheyareusingeverydayB.reduceenergyconsumptiontoprotecttheenvironmentC.getfurtherinformationfromguardian.co.uk/britishgasgreenerlivingD.trythenewly-developed330+domesticcentralheatingboiler
ClimaticconditionsaredelicatelyadjustedtocompositionoftheEarth'satmospherE.Iftherewereachangeintheatmosphere―forexampleintherelativeamountsofatmosphericgases―theclimatewouldprobablychangealso.A.slightincreaseinwatervapor蒸汽forexamplewouldincreasetheheat-keepingcapacityoftheatmosphereandwouldleadtoariseinglobaltemperatures.ThelevelofcarbondioxideCO2intheatmospherehasanimportanteffectonclimaticchangE.MostoftheEarth'sincomingenergyisshort-wavelengthradiation短波辐射whichtendstopassthroughatmosphericCO2easily.TheEarthhoweverreradiatesmuchofthereceivedenergyaslong-wavelengthradiation长波辐射whichCO2absorbsandthengoestowardtheEarth.Thisphenomenonknownasthegreenhouseeffectcanresultinanincreaseinthesurfacetemperatureofaplanet.AnextremeexampleoftheeffectisshownbyVenusaplanetcoveredbyheavycloudscomposedmostlyofCO2whosesurfacetemperatureshavebeenmeasuredat430~C.IftheCO2contentoftheatmosphereisreducedthetemperaturefalls.AccordingtoonerespectabletheoryiftheatmosphericCO2concentrationwerehalvedtheEarthwouldbecomecompletelycoveredwithicE.AnotherequallyrespectabletheoryhoweverstatesthatahalvingoftheCO2concentrationwouldleadonlytoareductioninglobaltemperaturesof3℃.IfbecauseofanincreaseinforestfiresorvolcanicactivitytheCO2contentoftheatmosphereincreasedawarmerclimatewouldbeproduceD.PlantgrowthwhichreliedonboththewarmthandtheavailabilityofCO2wouldprobablyincreasE.AsaconsequenceplantwouldusemoreandmoreCO2.EventuallyCO2levelswoulddecreaseandtheclimateinturnwouldbecomecooler.Withreducedtemperaturesmanyplantswoulddie;CO2wouldthusbereturnedtotheatmosphereandgraduallythetemperaturewouldriseagain.Thusifthisprocessoccurredtheremightbealong-termoscillation波动intheamountofCO2presentintheatmospherewithregulartemperatureincreaseanddecreasE.SomeclimatologistsarguethattheburningoffossilfuelshasraisedthelevelofCO2intheatmosphereandhascausedaglobaltemperatureincreaseofatleast1℃.Butasupposedglobaltemperatureriseof1℃mayinrealitybeonlyseveralregionaltemperatureincreasesrestrictedtoareaswheretherearemanymeteorological气象的stations.OtherareasforexampletheSouthernHemisphereoceaniczonemaybeexperiencinganequaltemperaturedecreasethatisunrecognizedbecauseoftheshortageofmeteorologicalrecordingstations.51.Whichofthefollowingquestionsdoestheinformationsuppliedinthispassagetrytoanswer?A.WhatarethestepsintheprocessthattakesplaceasCO2absorbslong-wavelengthradiation?B.Howmightourunderstandingofthegreenhouseeffectbeimprovediftheburningoffossilweredecreased?C.WhatmightcauseaseriesofregularincreasesanddecreasesintheamountofCO2intheatmosphere?D.WhyaretherefewermeteorologicalrecordingstationsintheSouthernHemisphereoceaniczonethanatmosphere?52.Theauthorisprimarilyconcernedwith________.A.explainingtheeffectsthattheburningoffossilfuelsmighthaveonclimateB.explainingtheeffectsofCO2onatmosphericradiationC.discussingeffectsthatchangesintheCO2levelintheatmospheremighthaveonclimateD.challenginghypotheses假说abouttheeffectsofwatervaporandCO2onclimate53.ThepassagesuggeststhatalargedecreaseintheamountofCO2intheatmospherewouldresultin_________.A.atleastaslightdecreaseinglobaltemperaturesB.atthemostaslightincreaseinshort-wavelengthradiationreachingtheEarthC.aslightlong-termincreaseinglobaltemperaturesD.aslightshort-termincreaseinatmospherewatervaporcontent54.TheauthorreferstoVenusprimarilyinorderto_______.A.showthatthegreenhouseeffectworksonotherplanetsbutnotonEarthB.showthedegreetowhichEarth'satmospherediffersfromthatofVenusC.supporttheopinionthataswatervaporincreasestheamountofCO2increasesD.supporttheargumentthattheCO2levelintheatmospherehasasignificanteffectonclimate55.Thediscussionofclimateinthepassagesuggeststhat_________.A.climateisperfectlystableB.weareunableatpresenttomeasureglobaltemperaturechangesprecisely.C.theonlycauseofregionalclimaticfluctuations波动isthechangeinCO21evelintheatmosphereD.slightregionaltemperaturechangescanbeconsideredanabnormalfeature特征oftheenvironment
TheNorthandSouthpolesareremoteandfreezingplacesthatreceivelotsofanimalvisitorsbutfewhumantourists.Butevenifyouneverplantovisitthepolarbearsinthenorthorpenguinsinthesouthnowisaperfecttimetostartthinkingaboutthem.That’sbecause2007marksthebeginningoftheInternationalPolarYearIPYatwo-year-oldactivityofscienceprojectsthataimtoshowhowimportantthepolesaretothehealthofourplanet.DuringtheIPYwhichwilllastuntilMarch2009thousandsofresearchersfrommorethan60countrieswillconductmorethan200projectsandexpeditions远征toboththetopandbottomoftheworlD.Inrecentyearsthepolarregionshavebeguntochangeseverelyasaresultofglobalwarming.TemperaturestherearerisingfasterthananywhereelseonEarth.Asaresulttheiceandsnowintheseregionsaremelting融化atrecord-settingrates.Oneresultisthatsealevelsarerisingaroundtheworldputtinganimalsandpeopleatrisk.OnlybystudyingthepolessayIPYresearcherscanwefindwaystoprotectthemandourselves.BoththeArcticandtheAntarcticarecoldandremotebutthetworegionshaveimportantdifferences.ForonethingtheArcticisanice-coveredoceansurroundedbylanD.TheAntarcticontheotherhandisacontinentofice-coveredlandsurroundedbywater.MostpolarstudieshavefocusedontheArcticandthatiswherescientistshaveobservedthemostremarkablechangesintheicE.DuringatypicalyearArcticiceexpands扩大inthewinterandshrinks缩小inthesummer.Butrecentlytheamountoficecoveringtheoceanhasbeensteadilydroppinginbothseasons.53.Whichofthefollowingmightbethebesttileofthepassage?A.Earth’sPolesInterestScientistsB.TheAnimalsofEarth’sPolesC.Earth’sPolesinDangerD.TheDiscoveriesofEarth’sPoles54.ThegoaloftheInternationalPolarYearis__________.A.tomakeitclearthatthepoleshavemuchtodowithahealthyearthB.toprovidepracticaltheorytofurtherdevelopthisdistantareaC.tocallonasmanyscientistsaspossibletodoresearchonthepolesD.todiscovermoremysteriesunknowntoman55.Whatisthemainfactorthathascausedthechangesofthepoles?A.Theincreasingnumberofanimals.B.Thedevelopmentofthepoles.C.Themeltingofthepoles.D.TherisingtemperaturE.56.Whatunusualphenomenonworriesthescientists?A.InsummertheiceoftheArcticlosesfaster.B.TheicecoveringtheArcticshrinkseveninwinter.C.TheiceoftheArcticincreaseslessthaninthepast.D.ThechangesintheArcticaremoreserious.
Amachinewhichmakeswateroutofaircouldbecomethegreatesthouseholdinventionsincethemicrowave.Usingthesametechnologyasadehumiditier除湿器theWaterMillisabletocreateareadysupplyofdrinkingwaterbygettingitfromalimitlesssource－theair.Thecompanybehindthemachinesaysnotonlydoesitofferallalternativetobottledwaterindevelopedcountriesbutitisasolutionforthemillionswhofaceadallywatershortage.Themachineworksbydrawingindampairthroughafilterandoveracoolingelementwhichchangesitintowaterdroplets.Itcallproduceupto12litersaday.TheWaterMillwillalsoproducemorewaterwhenstormspassoverasthehumidity湿度intheairincreases.Inkeepingwithitsecodevelopmentthemachineusesthesameamountofelectricityasthreefightbulbs.InventorJonathanRitcheysaid‘'Thedemandforwaterisoffthechart.Peoplearelookingforfreedomfromwaterdistributionsystemsthatareshakyandunreliable.Themachinewhichisabout3feetwideislikelytocost￡800whenitgoesonsalehereinthespring.ItsmakerCanadianfirmElementFourestimates估计thataliterofwaterwillcostaround20pencetoproduce.Environmentalistsclaimhalftheworld’spopulationwillfacewatershortagebecauseofclimatechangeby2080.Oneinfivehumansissaidtolackaccesstosafedrinkingwater.TheWaterMillisnoteffectiveinareaswithbelowabout30percentrelativehumiditybutwithaveragerelativehumidityinEnglandofmorethan70percentthatwon’tbemuchofanissuehere.63.Accordingtotheauthorthebiggestadvantageofthemachineisits.AlittlepoweruseB.propersizeC.unlimitedsourceD.highproduction64.Wecanconcludefromthepassagethatthemachine.A.canbeusedeverywhereC.hasnotbeenonsaleB.willreplacethewaterdistributionsystemD.willsolvetheproblemofwatershortage65.Whatisnecessaryforthemachinetowork?A.Enoughair.B.Enoughhumidity.C.Enoughwater.D.Enoughcontainers.66.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthispassage?A.MachinetoMakeWateroutofAirB.MicrowaveforHouseholdUseC.FiltertoDrawinDampAirD.ModemDehumidifieronSale
Egyptianresearchersbelievetheyhaverecognizedthemummy木乃伊ofHatshepsutthemostfamousqueentoruleancientEgyptfoundinanaveragetombinEgypt’sValleyoftheKings.Researcherssaidthemummywasoneoftwofemalesfoundin1903inasmalltombbelievedtobethatofHatshepsut’snurseSitreIn.Infacttherehasbeentheideaovertheyearsthatoneofthemummiesmaybethatofthequeenwhoruledfrombetween1503and1482BCattheheightofancientEgypt’spower.Thedecisivetruth-tellingfactwasatoothinawoodenboxmarkedwiththequeen’snameHawasssaiD.Theboxwasfoundin1881inahidingplaceofroyalmummiescollectedandhiddenawayattheDeiral-Baharitempleabout1000metresawayfromthetomB.CheckingallthemummieswhichmightbeHatshepsut’sYehyaZakariyaamedicineprofessorfoundthatthetoothwasaperfectfitinaholeintheupperjawofoneofthetwofemalesafatwomanbelievedtohavesufferedfromcanceranddiabetes.TherecognitionofthetoothwiththejawcanshowthisisHatshepsutHawasssaiD.Atoothislikeafingerprint.AnotherresearcherElizabethThomasspeculatedmanyyearsagothatoneofthemummieswasHatshepsut’sbecausehowtherightarmwasputoverthewoman’schestsuggestedroyalty.Itwasguessedthatthemummymighthavebeenhiddeninthetombforsafekeepingbecauseherstepsonandsuccessor继任者TuthmosisIIItriedtowipeouthermemory.Hatshepsutstolethepowerfromheryoungstepson.Afterherdeathrecordsweredestroyedandherbodywasdugout.41.AccordingtothepassageHatshepsut______.A.wastheonlyqueeneverrulingEgyptB.diedofcanceranddiabetesC.livedbetween1503and1482BCD.wasburiedtogetherwithhernurse42.Whentheyfoundtheboxpeopleknew______.A.whereHatshepsutwasburiedB.whyHatshepsut’sbodywaslostC.thetoothwasHatshepsut’sD.Hatshepsut’stombwasaverage43.WhatisthekeytotherecognitionofHatshepsut’smummy?A.Thetooth.B.Thefingerprint.C.Hatshepsut’snamE.D.SitreInhernursE.44.WhichofthefollowingcanbestreplacetheunderlinedwordspeculatedinParagraph5?A.admittedB.guessedC.provedD.doubted45.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat______.A.YehyarecognizedthefatwomanasHatshepsut.B.ElizabethfoundHatshepsut’smummyfirst.C.HatshepsutmusthadbeenkilledbyTuthmosisIII.D.Hatshepsut’sdeathmayhadbeenamystery.
Scientistsarecloselyconcernedwiththestructureofbuildingsandwiththequalityofbuildingmaterials.TheWorldhealthOrganizationWHOobservesthattheintroductionofairconditioningandenergyconservation保护measureshavebeenaccompaniedbygrowingproblemsofindoorairquality.Somepollutantsarisefrominsulation隔音productssomefrommovingcarsandothersfrommodernhousingmaterials.AsmanyEuropeansspendupto90%oftheirlivesinbuildingsthehealtheffectsoftheindoorclimateareveryimportant.Someconstructionmaterialsincludingfiberboardinsulationfoamsandcertaingluesforman-madewoodfloorboardsforexamplegiveoutorganicproductssuchasformaldehyde甲醛.Heatandhumidityincreasethereleaseofformaldehydeandthegasseriouslyharmstheeyes.PaintlacqueretC.canalsoreleasedangerousgasintoindoorair.Constructionmaterialscancauseseriousdamageespeciallywhentheycontainasbestos石棉.AsbestosisnaturallypresentinrockformationsworldwidE.Itbelongstoafamilyofmineralsubstancesmadeupofsolidnon-combustible非易燃品fiber.Thesepropertiesmakeasbestosahighlysought-afterconstructionmaterial.Asearlyas1931howeverpublichealthofficersintheUnitedKingdomrevealedtheconnectionbetweenbreathinginasbestosdustandsuchdiseasesaslungcancer.Thelandonwhichabuildingissitedmayalsocontributetopollution.Somekindsofgraniteorsimilarrockscontaintracesofradium.Asitbreaksdownthisnaturallyradioactiveelementproducessomekindofradioactivegasthatgoesthroughtinycracksinwallsfloorsandbuildingmaterialsandmakesitswayintothebuildingandtherooms.Thebetterthehomesareinsulatedthemoreisthedangerousgasinindoorair.Themaineffectofthisdangerousgasonhealthistoincreasetheriskoflungcancer.53.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A.Somebuildingmaterialspolluteindoorair.B.Somefactorscauseindoorairpollution.C.Asbestoscancauselungcancer.D.Thelandonwhichhousesarebuiltcontributestoindoorpollution.54.WhyareEuropeansparticularlyconcernedwithbuildingmaterials?A.LotsofbuildingmaterialsthereareradioactivE.B.Theystayhomeupto90%oftheirlives.C.Theyhaveahighrateoflungcancer.D.Theyspendmostoftheirtimeindoors.55.Whyisasbestosasought-afterbuildingmaterial?A.Itisakindofinsulationfoam.B.Asbestoswillnotgiveoutdangerousgas.C.ThismaterialisnoteasytocatchfirE.D.Itisrarelypresentinrockformations.56.Whyshouldwebecarefulaboutthelandonwhichabuildingistobesited?A.Todeterminewhetherthelandisfirmenoughforabuildingtobesitedon.B.Tomakesurethatthelandcontainsnoradioactivematerial.C.Tomakecertainthatthelandreleasesnoformaldehydeorothergases.D.Tocheckwhetheritcontainsanycombustiblematerials.
Treesareusefultomaninthreeveryimportantways:theyprovidehimwithwoodandotherproductstheygivehimshadeandtheyhelptopreventdroughtandfloods.Unfortunatelyinmanypartsoftheworldmanhasnotrealizedthatthethirdoftheseservicesisthemostimportant.InhiseagernesstodrawquickprofitfromthetreeshehascutthemdowninlargenumbersonlytofindthatwithoutthemhehaslostthebestfriendshehaD.TwothousandyearsagoarichandpowerfulcountrycutdownitstreestobuildwarshipswithwhichtogainitselfanempirE.Itgainedtheempirebutwithoutitstreesitssoilbecamehardandpoor.Whentheempirefelltopiecesthecountryfounditselffacedbyfloodsandstarvation.Eventhoughagovernmentrealizestheimportanceofaplentifulsupplyoftreesitisdifficultforittopersuadethevillagertoseethis.Thevillagerwantswoodtocookhisfoodwithandhecanearnmoneybymakingcharcoalorsellingwoodtothetownsman.Heisusuallytoolazyortoocarelesstoplantandlookaftertrees.Sounlessthegovernmenthasagoodsystemofcontrolorcaneducatethepeopletheforestswillslowlydisappear.Thisdoesnotonlymeanthatthevillagerssonsandgrandsonshavefewertrees.Theresultsareevenmoreserious.Forwheretherearetreestheirrootsbreakthesoilup―allowingtheraintosinkinandalsoholdthesoilthuspreventingitbeingwashedawayeasilybutwheretherearenotreesthesoilbecomeshardandpoor.Therainfallsonhardgroundandflowsawayonthesurfacecausingfloodsandcarryingawaywithittherichtopsoilinwhichcropsgrowsowell.Whenallthetopsoilisgonenothingremainsbutaworthlessdesert.63.Thepurposethatthewriterwrotethisarticleforis____.A.totellpeoplethattreesareveryusefultomanB.towarnpeoplenottocutdowntreesanymoreC.towarnthatmanmustn'tdestroyforestsanymoreD.toexplainhowtreeshelptopreventdroughtandfloods64.Inthewriter'sopinion____ortheforestsslowlydisappear.A.measuremustbetakenB.peopleshouldn'tdrawbenefitfromthetreeC.governmentmustrealizetheseriousresultsD.unlesstreesneverbecutdown65.Accordingtothearticleweknowitis____topreventtheforestsfromslowlydisappearing.A.necessarybutimpossibleB.necessarybutdifficultC.impossibleandunimportantD.difficultandimpossible66.Inthelasttwoparagraphsthewriterwantedtomakeitclearthat____.A.wheretherearenotreesthesoilbecomeshardandpoorB.wheretherearemanytreestherearefewerfloodsC.wheretherearenotreesthelandmightbecomedesertslowlyD.floodswillmakethelandbecomedesert
YellowstoneWeatherYellowstoneNationalParkisathighaltitude海拔.Mostoftheparkisabove7500feet2275meters.Yellowstone’sweatherisunpredictablE.Insummeritmaybewarmandsunnywithtemperaturesinthehigh70s.Atnightinanygivenmonththetemperaturemaydropclosetofreezing.Soitisbesttocomepreparedforcoldeveningsandmorningsespeciallyifyouarecampingorhiking.WhenyouleaveyourcampsitepleaseleaveitpreparedforpossiblethundershowersandwinD.Asunnywarmdaymaybecomefiercelystormywithwindrainsleetandsometimessnow.Withoutenoughclothinganeasydayhikeorboattripcanturnintoabattleforsurvival.SeasonalWeatherInformationSpringColdandsnowcontinueintoMayalthoughtemperaturesgraduallyclimb.Earlyinspringdaytimetemperaturesaverageinthe40sto50s;bylateMayandJunetheymayreachthe60sand70s.Nighttimelowsfallbelowfreezing.SummerDaytimetemperaturesareusuallyinthe70soccasionallyreachingthe80sinthelowerelevations高度.Nightsarecooltemperaturesmaydropinthe40sand30s--sometimeseventhe20s.Junecanbecoolandrainy;JulyandAugusttendtobesomewhatdrieralthoughafternoonthundershowersarecommon.FallWeathercanbepleasantalthoughtemperaturesaverage10--20degreeslowerthansummerreadings.Nighttimelowscanfallintotheteensandlower.Snowstormsincreaseinfrequencyastheweeksgobyortowardstheendofthefallseason.WinterTemperaturesoftenstaynearzerothroughoutthedayoccasionallyreachinghighinthe20s.Suhzeronighttimelowsarecommon.Annualsnowfallaveragesnearly150inchesinmostofthepark.Athigherplaces200--400inchesofsnowhavebeenrecordeD.64.Theauthorwritesthispassagemostprobablyforthosewhoplanto________inYellowstoneNationalPark.A.doresearchworkB.takeabusinesstripC.havesportsgamesD.spendtheirholidaysortakeatour65.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesYellowstone’sweather?A.Yellowstone’sweatherisgenerallychangeableanditsnowsmostoftheyear.B.It’sneithertoohotinsummernortoocoldinwinter.C.Weatherinfallispleasantandtemperaturesneverfallbelowfreezing.D.It’sprettywarminthedayandverycoolatnightthroughouttheyear.66.IfyouareplanningtospendyourholidaysinYellowstoneNationalParkinsummerwhatshouldyoutakewithyou?A.JustsomelightclothingsuchasT-shirtsorskirts.B.Justsomewarmclothingsuchassweatersandcoats.C.Bothlightclothingandwarmclothing.D.Eitherlightclothingorwarmclothing.67.Whatdoestheunderlinedwordreadingsreferto?A.literatureworksB.booksC.announcementsD.figures
DNAisasubstancethatmakesupgenes.Everythingalivehasgenes.Plantshavegenes.Animalshavegenes.Youhavegenes.Genesarethebasicunitsofheredity遗传.Hereditymeansallthecharacteristicsyouinheritfromyourparents.Yougetyourgenesfromyourparents.Youinherithalfofyourgenesfromyourmother.Youinherithalfofyourgenesfromyourfather.GenesareakindofcodE.A.tree’sgenestellwhatshapeitsleaveswillbE.A.cat’sgenestellwhatcoloritsfurwillbE.YourgenestellwhatcoloryoureyeswillbE.YourgenestellwhatcoloryourhairwillbE.Everythingaboutyoucomesfromthecodeinyourgenes.Geneslineuponstrandscalledchromosomesincells.Everythingaliveismadeupofcells.Chromosomesareinthecenterornucleusofcells.AnAustrianmonknamedGregorMendelfirstsawinheritedpatternsinpeaplants.Heexperimentedwithpeaplantsinthe1860s.Oneofthethingsortraits特征Mendelstudiedwaswhatmakessomepeaplantstallandsomeshort.Hesaidthatthetraitsmustcomefromunitsofhereditypassedfromtheparentplants.Theseunitswerecalledgenes.Inthemid-1900sscientistsdiscoveredthatgenesaremadeofDNA.Inthe1970sscientistslearnedhowtochangeDNAwithgeneticengineering.Scientistsalsolearnedthatproblemswithcertaingenescausediseases.Musculardystrophycysticfibrosisandhemophiliaaresomegeneticdiseases―diseasescausedbyproblemsingenes.Todayscientistsarelookingforwaystocuregeneticdiseasesbyalteringgenesthroughaprocesscalledgenetherapy.45.Ifone’sfatherhasblueeyeswhilehismotherhasgreyones_________.A.theirsonwillhaveblueeyes.B.Theirsonissuretohavegreyeyes.C.theirson’seyeswillshareboththatoffather’sandmother’s.D.Itisprobablytheirsonwillhaveeitherblueeyesorgreyones.46.Whichisthecorrectfromlargetosmall?A.genes---chromosomes---cellsB.cells---chromosomes---genesC.chromosomes---cells---genesD.cells---genes---chromosomes47.Inthesecondparagraphtheauthortellsus____________.A.GregorMendeldiscoveredgenesB.GregorMendelwasanexpertinplantsC.GregorMendeldidalotofexperimentswithpeaplantsD.SomethingthathappenedtoanAustrianmonk48.Inthelastsentencethewordalteringcanbestbereplacedby__________.A.changingB.preservingC.deservingD.digesting
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