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Mozart showed a particular aptitude for music when he was young.
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D.MozartwasoneofthegreatestcomposerswhoeverliveD.H
Musicisuniversal—it1.producebyallcultures.Somescie
MozartwasoneofthegreatestcomposerswhoeverliveD.Hew
通常当变压器负荷率不大于85%时其有功功率损耗可概略估算为
APT≈（0.01～0.02）Sjs（kW）
APT≈（0.01～0.08）Sjs（kW）
APT≈（0.1～0.2）Sjs（kW）
APT≈（0.2～0.3）Sjs（kW）
YouhaveprobablyheardoftheMozarteffect.It’stheideat
下列关于APT攻击的说法正确的是
APT攻击是有计划有组织地进行
APT攻击的规模一般较小
APT攻击中一般用不到社会工程学
APT攻击的时间周期一般很短
YouhaveprobablyheardoftheMozarteffect.It’stheideat
YouhaveprobablyheardoftheMozarteffect.It’stheideat
有关APT的说法不正确的是
转移性肝癌APT水平高于肝细胞癌
慢性肝炎也可见APT增高
由肝脏在缺乏VitK的情况下合成
是反映肝细胞癌的一种标志物
同时检测APT和AFP可以提高肝癌的诊断率
有关APT的说法错误的是
慢性肝炎也可见APT增高
由肝脏在缺乏VitK的情况下合成
转移性肝癌APT水平高于肝细胞癌
是反映肝细胞癌的一种标志物
同时检测APT和AFP可以提高肝癌的诊断率
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WaterResource Humanityusesalittlelessthanhalfthewateravailableworldwide.Yetoccurrencesofshortagesanddroughts干旱arecausingfamineanddistressinsomeareasandindustrialandagriculturalby-productsarepollutingwatersupplies.Sincetheworldspopulationisexpectedtodoubleinthenext50yearsmanyexpertsthinkweareontheedgeofawidespreadwatercrisis. Butthatdoesn’thavetobetheoutcome.Watershortagesdonothavetotroubletheworld—ifwestartvaluingwatermorethanwehaveinthepast.Justaswebegantoappreciatepetroleummoreafterthe1970soilcrisestodaywemuststartlookingatwaterfromafresheconomicperspective.Wecannolongeraffordtoconsiderwateravirtuallyfreeresourceofwhichwecanuseasmuchaswelikeinanywaywewant. Insteadforallusesexceptthedomesticdemandofthepoorgovernmentsshouldpricewatertoreflectitsactualvalue.Thismeanschargingafeeforthewateritselfaswellasforthesupplycosts. Governmentsshouldalsoprotectthisresourcebyprovidingwaterinmoreeconomicallyandenvironmentallysoundways.Forexampleoftenthecheapestwaytoprovideirrigation灌溉waterinthedrytropicsisthroughsmall-scaleprojectssuchasgatheringrainfallindepressions凹地andpumpingittonearbycropland. Nomatterwhatstepsgovernmentstaketoprovidewatermoreefficientlytheymustchangetheirinstitutionalandlegalapproachestowateruse.Ratherthanspreadcontrolamonghundredsoreventhousandsoflocalregionalandnationalagenciesthatwatchvariousaspectsofwaterusecountriesshouldsetupcentralauthoritiestocoordinatewaterpolicy. Inordertoraisetheefficiencyofthewatersupplymeasuresshouldbetakento.
TheAmericanFamily IntheAmericanfamilythehusbandandwifeusuallyshareimportantdecisionmaking.Whenthechildrenareoldenoughtheytakepart51.ForeignersareoftensurprisedbythepermissivenessofAmericanparents.Theoldrulethat"childrenshouldbeseenandnotheard"israrely52andchildrenareoftenallowedtodowhattheywishwithoutstrictparental53.Thefatherseldomexpectshischildrentoobeyhim54questionandchildrenareencouragedtobeindependent55anearlyage.SomepeoplebelievethatAmericanparentscarrythisfreedom56far.Othersthinkthatastrongfatherimagewouldnot57theAmericanvaluesofequalityandindependence.BecauseAmericansemphasizetheimportanceofindependenceyoungpeopleareexpectedtobreak58theirparentalfamiliesbythetimetheyhave59theirlateteensorearlytwenties.60nottodosoisoftenregardedasafailureakindofweakdependence. Thispatternofindependenceoftenresultsinserious61fortheagingparentsofasmallfamily.TheaverageAmericanisexpectedtolive62theageof70.Thejob-retirementageis6365.Thechildrenhavelefthomemarriedand64theirownhouseholds.Atleast20percentofallpeopleover65donothaveenoughretirementincomes.65themajorproblemofmanyelderlycouplesisnoteconomic.Theyfeeluselessandlonelywithneitheranoccupationnoraclosefamilygroup. 55
WaterResource Humanityusesalittlelessthanhalfthewateravailableworldwide.Yetoccurrencesofshortagesanddroughts干旱arecausingfamineanddistressinsomeareasandindustrialandagriculturalby-productsarepollutingwatersupplies.Sincetheworldspopulationisexpectedtodoubleinthenext50yearsmanyexpertsthinkweareontheedgeofawidespreadwatercrisis. Butthatdoesn’thavetobetheoutcome.Watershortagesdonothavetotroubletheworld—ifwestartvaluingwatermorethanwehaveinthepast.Justaswebegantoappreciatepetroleummoreafterthe1970soilcrisestodaywemuststartlookingatwaterfromafresheconomicperspective.Wecannolongeraffordtoconsiderwateravirtuallyfreeresourceofwhichwecanuseasmuchaswelikeinanywaywewant. Insteadforallusesexceptthedomesticdemandofthepoorgovernmentsshouldpricewatertoreflectitsactualvalue.Thismeanschargingafeeforthewateritselfaswellasforthesupplycosts. Governmentsshouldalsoprotectthisresourcebyprovidingwaterinmoreeconomicallyandenvironmentallysoundways.Forexampleoftenthecheapestwaytoprovideirrigation灌溉waterinthedrytropicsisthroughsmall-scaleprojectssuchasgatheringrainfallindepressions凹地andpumpingittonearbycropland. Nomatterwhatstepsgovernmentstaketoprovidewatermoreefficientlytheymustchangetheirinstitutionalandlegalapproachestowateruse.Ratherthanspreadcontrolamonghundredsoreventhousandsoflocalregionalandnationalagenciesthatwatchvariousaspectsofwaterusecountriesshouldsetupcentralauthoritiestocoordinatewaterpolicy. Accordingtotheauthorthewaterpriceshould
VolcanoesTherearethousandsofvolcanoes火山allovertheworld.WhatmakesvolcanoesWhathappensTheinsideoftheearthisveryhot.Becauseitisveryveryhottherockhasmeltedlikeice.Ithasbecomeliquidlikewater.Itisalwaysboilinglikewaterinakettle.Ifyouhaveseenakettleboilingyouknowthatthesteamandboilingwatertrytogetout.Theveryhotmeltedrockinsidetheearthalsotriestogetout.Usuallyitcannotbecausetheoutsideoftheearthistoothickandstrong.Butinsomeplacestheoutsideoftheearthisthinandweak.Sometimesacrackappears.Thehotmeltedrockwhichwecalllava熔岩pushesoutthroughthecrackandburststhrough.Steamandgasshootupintotheairandthehotmeltedlavapoursout.Bigpiecesofrockmaybethrownhighintotheair.Afterawhilethevolcanobecomesquietagain.Themeltedlavabecomeshard.Laterthesamethinghappensagainandagain.Eachtimemorehotlavapoursoutontopofthecoldlavaandthenbecomeshard.Inthiswayakindofmountainisbuiltupwithaholedownthemiddle.Perhapsthevolcanowillthenbequiet.Perhapsitwillstartagainhundredsofyearslater.VesuviusisthenameofaveryfamousvolcanoinItaly.Itfirstcametolifemanymanyyearsago.Itwasquietforhundredsofyears.Thenintheyear79itsuddenlyburst.Agreatcloudofsmokeshotupintotheskywithgreatburningrocks.Hotlavapoureddownitssides.About3000peoplewerekilled.Thishashappenedagainmanytimessincethatyear.Sometimesnodamagewascausedoronlylittledamage.Buttherewasseriousdamageintheyears4721631179418611872and1906.Youcanseethatavolcanocanstayaliveformanyyears.Therewasalsoseriousdamagein1914buttherehasnotbeenanysincethatyear.Thephrasestayaliveinthelastparagraphcanbestbereplacedby______.
TheAmericanFamily IntheAmericanfamilythehusbandandwifeusuallyshareimportantdecisionmaking.Whenthechildrenareoldenoughtheytakepart51.ForeignersareoftensurprisedbythepermissivenessofAmericanparents.Theoldrulethat"childrenshouldbeseenandnotheard"israrely52andchildrenareoftenallowedtodowhattheywishwithoutstrictparental53.Thefatherseldomexpectshischildrentoobeyhim54questionandchildrenareencouragedtobeindependent55anearlyage.SomepeoplebelievethatAmericanparentscarrythisfreedom56far.Othersthinkthatastrongfatherimagewouldnot57theAmericanvaluesofequalityandindependence.BecauseAmericansemphasizetheimportanceofindependenceyoungpeopleareexpectedtobreak58theirparentalfamiliesbythetimetheyhave59theirlateteensorearlytwenties.60nottodosoisoftenregardedasafailureakindofweakdependence. Thispatternofindependenceoftenresultsinserious61fortheagingparentsofasmallfamily.TheaverageAmericanisexpectedtolive62theageof70.Thejob-retirementageis6365.Thechildrenhavelefthomemarriedand64theirownhouseholds.Atleast20percentofallpeopleover65donothaveenoughretirementincomes.65themajorproblemofmanyelderlycouplesisnoteconomic.Theyfeeluselessandlonelywithneitheranoccupationnoraclosefamilygroup. 63
LifetimeEmploymentinJapaneseCompanies InmostlargeJapanesecompaniesthereisapolicyoflifetimeemployment.Whatthismeansisthatwhenpeopleleaveschooloruniversitytojoinanenterprisetheycanexpecttoremainwiththatorganizationuntiltheyretire.Ineffecttheemployeegetsjobsecurityforlifeandcanonlybefiredforseriousmistakesinwork.Evenintimesofbusinessrecessionheorsheisfreefromthefearofbeinglaidoff. OneresultofthispracticeisthattheJapaneseworkeridentifiescloselywithhiscompanyandfeelsstrongloyaltytoit.Byworkinghardforthecompanyhebelievesheissafeguardinghisownfuture.Itisnotsurprisingthatdevotiontoone’scompanyisconsideredagreatvirtueinJapan.Amanisoftenpreparedtoputhisfirm’sinterestsbeforethoseofhisimmediatefamily. Thejobsecurityguaranteedbythissysteminfluencesthewayemployeesapproachtheirwork.Theytendtothinkintermsofwhattheycanachievethroughouttheircareer.Thisisbecausetheyarenotjudgedonhowtheyareperformingduringashortperiodoftime.TheycanaffordtotakealongerperspectivethantheirWesterncounterparts. Thismarriagebetweentheemployeeandthecompanytheconsequenceoflifetimeemployment—mayexplainwhyJapaneseworkersseempositivelytolove.theproductstheircompanyisproducingandwhytheyarewillingtostayonafterworkforlittleovertimepaytoparticipateinearnestdiscussionsaboutthequalitycontroloftheirproducts. WhichofthefollowingstatementsisINCORRECT
TheAmericanFamily IntheAmericanfamilythehusbandandwifeusuallyshareimportantdecisionmaking.Whenthechildrenareoldenoughtheytakepart51.ForeignersareoftensurprisedbythepermissivenessofAmericanparents.Theoldrulethat"childrenshouldbeseenandnotheard"israrely52andchildrenareoftenallowedtodowhattheywishwithoutstrictparental53.Thefatherseldomexpectshischildrentoobeyhim54questionandchildrenareencouragedtobeindependent55anearlyage.SomepeoplebelievethatAmericanparentscarrythisfreedom56far.Othersthinkthatastrongfatherimagewouldnot57theAmericanvaluesofequalityandindependence.BecauseAmericansemphasizetheimportanceofindependenceyoungpeopleareexpectedtobreak58theirparentalfamiliesbythetimetheyhave59theirlateteensorearlytwenties.60nottodosoisoftenregardedasafailureakindofweakdependence. Thispatternofindependenceoftenresultsinserious61fortheagingparentsofasmallfamily.TheaverageAmericanisexpectedtolive62theageof70.Thejob-retirementageis6365.Thechildrenhavelefthomemarriedand64theirownhouseholds.Atleast20percentofallpeopleover65donothaveenoughretirementincomes.65themajorproblemofmanyelderlycouplesisnoteconomic.Theyfeeluselessandlonelywithneitheranoccupationnoraclosefamilygroup. 53
LifetimeEmploymentinJapaneseCompanies InmostlargeJapanesecompaniesthereisapolicyoflifetimeemployment.Whatthismeansisthatwhenpeopleleaveschooloruniversitytojoinanenterprisetheycanexpecttoremainwiththatorganizationuntiltheyretire.Ineffecttheemployeegetsjobsecurityforlifeandcanonlybefiredforseriousmistakesinwork.Evenintimesofbusinessrecessionheorsheisfreefromthefearofbeinglaidoff. OneresultofthispracticeisthattheJapaneseworkeridentifiescloselywithhiscompanyandfeelsstrongloyaltytoit.Byworkinghardforthecompanyhebelievesheissafeguardinghisownfuture.Itisnotsurprisingthatdevotiontoone’scompanyisconsideredagreatvirtueinJapan.Amanisoftenpreparedtoputhisfirm’sinterestsbeforethoseofhisimmediatefamily. Thejobsecurityguaranteedbythissysteminfluencesthewayemployeesapproachtheirwork.Theytendtothinkintermsofwhattheycanachievethroughouttheircareer.Thisisbecausetheyarenotjudgedonhowtheyareperformingduringashortperiodoftime.TheycanaffordtotakealongerperspectivethantheirWesterncounterparts. Thismarriagebetweentheemployeeandthecompanytheconsequenceoflifetimeemployment—mayexplainwhyJapaneseworkersseempositivelytolove.theproductstheircompanyisproducingandwhytheyarewillingtostayonafterworkforlittleovertimepaytoparticipateinearnestdiscussionsaboutthequalitycontroloftheirproducts. TheJapaneseworkerisfondofhiscompany’sproductsbecauseof.
TheAmericanFamily IntheAmericanfamilythehusbandandwifeusuallyshareimportantdecisionmaking.Whenthechildrenareoldenoughtheytakepart51.ForeignersareoftensurprisedbythepermissivenessofAmericanparents.Theoldrulethat"childrenshouldbeseenandnotheard"israrely52andchildrenareoftenallowedtodowhattheywishwithoutstrictparental53.Thefatherseldomexpectshischildrentoobeyhim54questionandchildrenareencouragedtobeindependent55anearlyage.SomepeoplebelievethatAmericanparentscarrythisfreedom56far.Othersthinkthatastrongfatherimagewouldnot57theAmericanvaluesofequalityandindependence.BecauseAmericansemphasizetheimportanceofindependenceyoungpeopleareexpectedtobreak58theirparentalfamiliesbythetimetheyhave59theirlateteensorearlytwenties.60nottodosoisoftenregardedasafailureakindofweakdependence. Thispatternofindependenceoftenresultsinserious61fortheagingparentsofasmallfamily.TheaverageAmericanisexpectedtolive62theageof70.Thejob-retirementageis6365.Thechildrenhavelefthomemarriedand64theirownhouseholds.Atleast20percentofallpeopleover65donothaveenoughretirementincomes.65themajorproblemofmanyelderlycouplesisnoteconomic.Theyfeeluselessandlonelywithneitheranoccupationnoraclosefamilygroup. 61
{{*HTML*}}SuccessfulLanguageLearners??1.Somepeopleseemtohaveaknackforlearninglanguages.Theycanpickupnewvocabularymasterrulesorgrammarandlearntowriteinthenewlanguagemorequicklythanothers.Theydonotseemtobeanymoreintelligentthanotherssowhatmakeslanguagelearningsomucheasierforthem?Perhapsifwetakeadoselookatthesesuccessfullanguagelearnerswemaydiscoverafewofthetechniqueswhichmakelanguagelearningeasierforthem.???2.Firstofallsuccessfullanguagelearnersareindependentlearners.Theydonotdependonthebookortheteacher;theydiscovertheirownwaytolearnthelanguage.Insteadofwaitingfortheteachertoexplaintheytrytofindthepatternsandtherulesforthemselves.Theyaregoodguesserswholookforcluesandformtheirownconclusions.Whentheyguesswrongtheyguessagain.Theytrytolearnfrommistakes.???3.Successfullanguagelearningisactivelearning.Thereforesuccessfullearnersdonotwaitforachancetousethelanguage;theylookforsuchachance.Theyfindpeoplewhospeakthelanguageandtheyaskthesepeopletocorrectthemwhentheymakeamistake.Theywilltryanythingtocommunicate.Theyarenotafraidtorepeatwhattheyhearortosaystrangethings;theyarewillingtomakemistakesandtryagain.Whencommunicationisdifficulttheycanacceptinformationthatisinexactorincomplete.Itismoreimportantforthemtolearntothinkinthelanguagethantoknowthemeaningofeveryword.???4.Finallysuccessfullanguagelearnersarelearnerswithapurpose.Theywanttolearnthelanguagebecausetheyareinterestedinthelanguageandthepeoplewhospeakit.Itisnecessaryforthemtolearnthelanguageinordertocommunicatewiththesepeopleandtolearnfromthem.Theyfinditeasytopracticeusingthelanguageregularlybecausetheywanttolearnwithit.???5.Whatkindoflanguagelearnerareyou?Ifyouareasuccessfullanguagelearneryouhaveprobablybeenlearningindependentlyactivelyandpurposefully.Ontheotherhandifyourlanguagelearninghasbeenlessthansuccessfulyoumightaswelltrysomeofthetechniquesoutlinedabove.{{*HTML*}}A.WaystoLearnaLanguageSuccessfully??B.LearningaLanguagePurposefully??C.LearningaLanguageActively??D.LearningaLanguageIndependently??E.LearningfromMistakes??F.LearningtoThinkintheTargetLanguage??Paragraph1______
{{*HTML*}}SuccessfulLanguageLearners??1.Somepeopleseemtohaveaknackforlearninglanguages.Theycanpickupnewvocabularymasterrulesorgrammarandlearntowriteinthenewlanguagemorequicklythanothers.Theydonotseemtobeanymoreintelligentthanotherssowhatmakeslanguagelearningsomucheasierforthem?Perhapsifwetakeadoselookatthesesuccessfullanguagelearnerswemaydiscoverafewofthetechniqueswhichmakelanguagelearningeasierforthem.???2.Firstofallsuccessfullanguagelearnersareindependentlearners.Theydonotdependonthebookortheteacher;theydiscovertheirownwaytolearnthelanguage.Insteadofwaitingfortheteachertoexplaintheytrytofindthepatternsandtherulesforthemselves.Theyaregoodguesserswholookforcluesandformtheirownconclusions.Whentheyguesswrongtheyguessagain.Theytrytolearnfrommistakes.???3.Successfullanguagelearningisactivelearning.Thereforesuccessfullearnersdonotwaitforachancetousethelanguage;theylookforsuchachance.Theyfindpeoplewhospeakthelanguageandtheyaskthesepeopletocorrectthemwhentheymakeamistake.Theywilltryanythingtocommunicate.Theyarenotafraidtorepeatwhattheyhearortosaystrangethings;theyarewillingtomakemistakesandtryagain.Whencommunicationisdifficulttheycanacceptinformationthatisinexactorincomplete.Itismoreimportantforthemtolearntothinkinthelanguagethantoknowthemeaningofeveryword.???4.Finallysuccessfullanguagelearnersarelearnerswithapurpose.Theywanttolearnthelanguagebecausetheyareinterestedinthelanguageandthepeoplewhospeakit.Itisnecessaryforthemtolearnthelanguageinordertocommunicatewiththesepeopleandtolearnfromthem.Theyfinditeasytopracticeusingthelanguageregularlybecausetheywanttolearnwithit.???5.Whatkindoflanguagelearnerareyou?Ifyouareasuccessfullanguagelearneryouhaveprobablybeenlearningindependentlyactivelyandpurposefully.Ontheotherhandifyourlanguagelearninghasbeenlessthansuccessfulyoumightaswelltrysomeofthetechniquesoutlinedabove.Paragraph3______
{{*HTML*}}SuccessfulLanguageLearners??1.Somepeopleseemtohaveaknackforlearninglanguages.Theycanpickupnewvocabularymasterrulesorgrammarandlearntowriteinthenewlanguagemorequicklythanothers.Theydonotseemtobeanymoreintelligentthanotherssowhatmakeslanguagelearningsomucheasierforthem?Perhapsifwetakeadoselookatthesesuccessfullanguagelearnerswemaydiscoverafewofthetechniqueswhichmakelanguagelearningeasierforthem.???2.Firstofallsuccessfullanguagelearnersareindependentlearners.Theydonotdependonthebookortheteacher;theydiscovertheirownwaytolearnthelanguage.Insteadofwaitingfortheteachertoexplaintheytrytofindthepatternsandtherulesforthemselves.Theyaregoodguesserswholookforcluesandformtheirownconclusions.Whentheyguesswrongtheyguessagain.Theytrytolearnfrommistakes.???3.Successfullanguagelearningisactivelearning.Thereforesuccessfullearnersdonotwaitforachancetousethelanguage;theylookforsuchachance.Theyfindpeoplewhospeakthelanguageandtheyaskthesepeopletocorrectthemwhentheymakeamistake.Theywilltryanythingtocommunicate.Theyarenotafraidtorepeatwhattheyhearortosaystrangethings;theyarewillingtomakemistakesandtryagain.Whencommunicationisdifficulttheycanacceptinformationthatisinexactorincomplete.Itismoreimportantforthemtolearntothinkinthelanguagethantoknowthemeaningofeveryword.???4.Finallysuccessfullanguagelearnersarelearnerswithapurpose.Theywanttolearnthelanguagebecausetheyareinterestedinthelanguageandthepeoplewhospeakit.Itisnecessaryforthemtolearnthelanguageinordertocommunicatewiththesepeopleandtolearnfromthem.Theyfinditeasytopracticeusingthelanguageregularlybecausetheywanttolearnwithit.???5.Whatkindoflanguagelearnerareyou?Ifyouareasuccessfullanguagelearneryouhaveprobablybeenlearningindependentlyactivelyandpurposefully.Ontheotherhandifyourlanguagelearninghasbeenlessthansuccessfulyoumightaswelltrysomeofthetechniquesoutlinedabove.{{*HTML*}}A.todiscoversentencepatternsandgrammaticalrules??B.toexpandvocabulary??C.tousethetargetlanguage??D.toencourageunsuccessfullanguagelearnerstolearnindependentlyactivelyandpurposefully??E.fromclues??F.tosaystrangethings??Successfullanguagelearnersderiveconclusions______.
Inthelattercasetheoutcomecanbeseriousindeed.
Thefueltankshadacapacityof140liters.
TheAmericanFamily IntheAmericanfamilythehusbandandwifeusuallyshareimportantdecisionmaking.Whenthechildrenareoldenoughtheytakepart51.ForeignersareoftensurprisedbythepermissivenessofAmericanparents.Theoldrulethat"childrenshouldbeseenandnotheard"israrely52andchildrenareoftenallowedtodowhattheywishwithoutstrictparental53.Thefatherseldomexpectshischildrentoobeyhim54questionandchildrenareencouragedtobeindependent55anearlyage.SomepeoplebelievethatAmericanparentscarrythisfreedom56far.Othersthinkthatastrongfatherimagewouldnot57theAmericanvaluesofequalityandindependence.BecauseAmericansemphasizetheimportanceofindependenceyoungpeopleareexpectedtobreak58theirparentalfamiliesbythetimetheyhave59theirlateteensorearlytwenties.60nottodosoisoftenregardedasafailureakindofweakdependence. Thispatternofindependenceoftenresultsinserious61fortheagingparentsofasmallfamily.TheaverageAmericanisexpectedtolive62theageof70.Thejob-retirementageis6365.Thechildrenhavelefthomemarriedand64theirownhouseholds.Atleast20percentofallpeopleover65donothaveenoughretirementincomes.65themajorproblemofmanyelderlycouplesisnoteconomic.Theyfeeluselessandlonelywithneitheranoccupationnoraclosefamilygroup. 59
Hercules OnceuponatimetherewasagreatGreekheroHercules.Hewastallerandstrongerthananyoneyouhaveeverseen.Onhisshoulderhecarriedaclubandinhishandheheldabow弓.Hewasknownastheheroofahundredadventures. Herculesservedaking.Thekingwasafraidofhim.Soagainandagainhesenthimondifficulttasks.OnemorningthekingsentforhimandtoldhimtofetchthreegoldenapplesforhimfromthegardenoftheSingingMaidens歌女.Butnooneknewwherethegardenwas. SoHerculeswentaway.Hewalkedthewholedayandthenextdayandthenext.Hewalkedformonthsbeforehesawmountainsfarinthedistanceonefinemorning.Oneofthemountainswasintheshapeofamanwithlonglonglegsandarmsandhugeshouldersandahugehead.Hewasholdingupthesky.HerculesknewitwasAtlastheMountainGod.Soheaskedhimforhelp. Atlasanswered"Myheadandarmsandshouldersallache.CouldyouholduptheskywhileIfetchthegoldenapplesforyou" Herculesclimbedthemountainandshoulderedthesky.Soontheskygrewveryheavy.WhenfinallyAtlascamebackwiththreegoldenappleshesaid"Wellyouaregoingtocarrythemountainforever.I’mgoingtoseethekingwiththeapples."Herculesknewthathecouldn’tfighthimbecauseoftheskyonhisback.Soheshouted: "Justoneminute’shelp.Myshouldersarehurting.HoldtheskyforaminutewhileImakeacushion垫子formyshoulders." Atlasbelievedhim.Hethrewdowntheapplesandheldupthesky. Herculespickeduptheapplesandranbacktoseetheking. Atlaswasthegiantwhoheldupthesky.
{{*HTML*}}TheBuildingofthePyramids??Theoldeststonebuildingsintheworldarethepyramids.?46?ThereareovereightyofthemscatteredalongthebanksoftheNilesomeofwhicharedifferentinshapefromthetruepyramids.ThemostfamousofthesearetheSteppyramidandtheBentpyramid.??Someofthepyramidsstilllookmuchthesameastheymusthavedonewhentheywerebuiltthousandsofyearsago.Mostofthedamagesufferedbytheothershasbeenatthehandsofmenwhowerelookingfortreasureormoreoftenforstonetouseinmodernbuildings.?47?Thesearegoodreasonswhytheycanstillbeseentodaybutperhapsthemostimportantisthattheywereplannedtolastforever.???48?HowevertherearenowritingsorpicturestoshowushowtheEgyptiansplannedorbuiltthepyramidsthemselves.?49?Nevertheless?byexaminingtheactualpyramidsandvarioustoolswhichhavebeenfoundarchaeologistshaveformedafairlyclearpictureofthem.??Onethingiscertain:theremusthavebeenmonthsofcarefulplanningbeforetheycouldbegintobuild.?50?Youmaythinkthiswouldhavebeeneasywithmilesandmilesofemptydesertaroundbutapyramidcouldnotbebuiltjustanywhere.Certainruleshadtobefollowedandcertainproblemshadtobeovercome.??A.ThedryclimateofEgypthashelpedtopreservethepyramidsandtheirveryshapehavemadethemlesslikelytofallintoruin.??B.Itispracticallycertainthatplansweremadeforthebuildingofthepyramidsbecausetheplansofotherlargeworkshavefortunatelybeenpreserved.??C.Thefirstthingtheyhadtodowastochooseasuitableplace.??D.Consequentlyweareonlyabletoguessatthemethodsused.??E.Manypeoplewerekilledwhilebuildingthepyramids.??F.Theyhavestoodfornearly5000yearsanditseemslikelythattheywillcontinuetostandforthousandsofyearsyet.
{{*HTML*}}TheBuildingofthePyramids??Theoldeststonebuildingsintheworldarethepyramids.?46?ThereareovereightyofthemscatteredalongthebanksoftheNilesomeofwhicharedifferentinshapefromthetruepyramids.ThemostfamousofthesearetheSteppyramidandtheBentpyramid.??Someofthepyramidsstilllookmuchthesameastheymusthavedonewhentheywerebuiltthousandsofyearsago.Mostofthedamagesufferedbytheothershasbeenatthehandsofmenwhowerelookingfortreasureormoreoftenforstonetouseinmodernbuildings.?47?Thesearegoodreasonswhytheycanstillbeseentodaybutperhapsthemostimportantisthattheywereplannedtolastforever.???48?HowevertherearenowritingsorpicturestoshowushowtheEgyptiansplannedorbuiltthepyramidsthemselves.?49?Nevertheless?byexaminingtheactualpyramidsandvarioustoolswhichhavebeenfoundarchaeologistshaveformedafairlyclearpictureofthem.??Onethingiscertain:theremusthavebeenmonthsofcarefulplanningbeforetheycouldbegintobuild.?50?Youmaythinkthiswouldhavebeeneasywithmilesandmilesofemptydesertaroundbutapyramidcouldnotbebuiltjustanywhere.Certainruleshadtobefollowedandcertainproblemshadtobeovercome.??A.ThedryclimateofEgypthashelpedtopreservethepyramidsandtheirveryshapehavemadethemlesslikelytofallintoruin.??B.Itispracticallycertainthatplansweremadeforthebuildingofthepyramidsbecausetheplansofotherlargeworkshavefortunatelybeenpreserved.??C.Thefirstthingtheyhadtodowastochooseasuitableplace.??D.Consequentlyweareonlyabletoguessatthemethodsused.??E.Manypeoplewerekilledwhilebuildingthepyramids.??F.Theyhavestoodfornearly5000yearsanditseemslikelythattheywillcontinuetostandforthousandsofyearsyet.
Canyoufollowtheplot
Hercules OnceuponatimetherewasagreatGreekheroHercules.Hewastallerandstrongerthananyoneyouhaveeverseen.Onhisshoulderhecarriedaclubandinhishandheheldabow弓.Hewasknownastheheroofahundredadventures. Herculesservedaking.Thekingwasafraidofhim.Soagainandagainhesenthimondifficulttasks.OnemorningthekingsentforhimandtoldhimtofetchthreegoldenapplesforhimfromthegardenoftheSingingMaidens歌女.Butnooneknewwherethegardenwas. SoHerculeswentaway.Hewalkedthewholedayandthenextdayandthenext.Hewalkedformonthsbeforehesawmountainsfarinthedistanceonefinemorning.Oneofthemountainswasintheshapeofamanwithlonglonglegsandarmsandhugeshouldersandahugehead.Hewasholdingupthesky.HerculesknewitwasAtlastheMountainGod.Soheaskedhimforhelp. Atlasanswered"Myheadandarmsandshouldersallache.CouldyouholduptheskywhileIfetchthegoldenapplesforyou" Herculesclimbedthemountainandshoulderedthesky.Soontheskygrewveryheavy.WhenfinallyAtlascamebackwiththreegoldenappleshesaid"Wellyouaregoingtocarrythemountainforever.I’mgoingtoseethekingwiththeapples."Herculesknewthathecouldn’tfighthimbecauseoftheskyonhisback.Soheshouted: "Justoneminute’shelp.Myshouldersarehurting.HoldtheskyforaminutewhileImakeacushion垫子formyshoulders." Atlasbelievedhim.Hethrewdowntheapplesandheldupthesky. Herculespickeduptheapplesandranbacktoseetheking. AtlasgotthegoldenapplesforHerculesbecausehewantedtobethekinghimself.
Volcanoes Therearethousandsofvolcanoes火山allovertheworld.WhatmakesvolcanoesWhathappens Theinsideoftheearthisveryhot.Becauseitisveryveryhottherockhasmeltedlikeice.Ithasbecomeliquidlikewater.Itisalwaysboilinglikewaterinakettle.Ifyouhaveseenakettleboilingyouknowthatthesteamandboilingwatertrytogetout.Theveryhotmeltedrockinsidetheearthalsotriestogetout.Usuallyitcannotbecausetheoutsideoftheearthistoothickandstrong. Butinsomeplacestheoutsideoftheearthisthinandweak.Sometimesacrackappears.Thehotmeltedrockwhichwecall"lava"熔岩pushesoutthroughthecrackandburststhrough.Steamandgasshootupintotheairandthehotmeltedlavapoursout.Bigpiecesofrockmaybethrownhighintotheair. Afterawhilethevolcanobecomesquietagain.Themeltedlavabecomeshard.Laterthesamethinghappensagainandagain.Eachtimemorehotlavapoursoutontopofthecoldlavaandthenbecomeshard.Inthiswayakindofmountainisbuiltupwithaholedownthemiddle.Perhapsthevolcanowillthenbequiet.Perhapsitwillstartagainhundredsofyearslater. VesuviusisthenameofaveryfamousvolcanoinItaly.Itfirstcametolifemanymanyyearsago.Itwasquietforhundredsofyears.Thenintheyear79itsuddenlyburst.Agreatcloudofsmokeshotupintotheskywithgreatburningrocks.Hotlavapoureddownitssides.About3000peoplewerekilled. Thishashappenedagainmanytimessincethatyear.Sometimesnodamagewascausedoronlylittledamage.Buttherewasseriousdamageintheyears4721631179418611872and1906.Youcanseethatavolcanocanstayaliveformanyyears.Therewasalsoseriousdamagein1914buttherehasnotbeenanysincethatyear. Accordingtothepassageavolcanosendsout.
Accordinglyanumberofothermethodshavebeenemployed.
Hercules OnceuponatimetherewasagreatGreekheroHercules.Hewastallerandstrongerthananyoneyouhaveeverseen.Onhisshoulderhecarriedaclubandinhishandheheldabow弓.Hewasknownastheheroofahundredadventures. Herculesservedaking.Thekingwasafraidofhim.Soagainandagainhesenthimondifficulttasks.OnemorningthekingsentforhimandtoldhimtofetchthreegoldenapplesforhimfromthegardenoftheSingingMaidens歌女.Butnooneknewwherethegardenwas. SoHerculeswentaway.Hewalkedthewholedayandthenextdayandthenext.Hewalkedformonthsbeforehesawmountainsfarinthedistanceonefinemorning.Oneofthemountainswasintheshapeofamanwithlonglonglegsandarmsandhugeshouldersandahugehead.Hewasholdingupthesky.HerculesknewitwasAtlastheMountainGod.Soheaskedhimforhelp. Atlasanswered"Myheadandarmsandshouldersallache.CouldyouholduptheskywhileIfetchthegoldenapplesforyou" Herculesclimbedthemountainandshoulderedthesky.Soontheskygrewveryheavy.WhenfinallyAtlascamebackwiththreegoldenappleshesaid"Wellyouaregoingtocarrythemountainforever.I’mgoingtoseethekingwiththeapples."Herculesknewthathecouldn’tfighthimbecauseoftheskyonhisback.Soheshouted: "Justoneminute’shelp.Myshouldersarehurting.HoldtheskyforaminutewhileImakeacushion垫子formyshoulders." Atlasbelievedhim.Hethrewdowntheapplesandheldupthesky. Herculespickeduptheapplesandranbacktoseetheking. Herculesworkedintheking’sgarden.
VolcanoesTherearethousandsofvolcanoes火山allovertheworld.WhatmakesvolcanoesWhathappensTheinsideoftheearthisveryhot.Becauseitisveryveryhottherockhasmeltedlikeice.Ithasbecomeliquidlikewater.Itisalwaysboilinglikewaterinakettle.Ifyouhaveseenakettleboilingyouknowthatthesteamandboilingwatertrytogetout.Theveryhotmeltedrockinsidetheearthalsotriestogetout.Usuallyitcannotbecausetheoutsideoftheearthistoothickandstrong.Butinsomeplacestheoutsideoftheearthisthinandweak.Sometimesacrackappears.Thehotmeltedrockwhichwecalllava熔岩pushesoutthroughthecrackandburststhrough.Steamandgasshootupintotheairandthehotmeltedlavapoursout.Bigpiecesofrockmaybethrownhighintotheair.Afterawhilethevolcanobecomesquietagain.Themeltedlavabecomeshard.Laterthesamethinghappensagainandagain.Eachtimemorehotlavapoursoutontopofthecoldlavaandthenbecomeshard.Inthiswayakindofmountainisbuiltupwithaholedownthemiddle.Perhapsthevolcanowillthenbequiet.Perhapsitwillstartagainhundredsofyearslater.VesuviusisthenameofaveryfamousvolcanoinItaly.Itfirstcametolifemanymanyyearsago.Itwasquietforhundredsofyears.Thenintheyear79itsuddenlyburst.Agreatcloudofsmokeshotupintotheskywithgreatburningrocks.Hotlavapoureddownitssides.About3000peoplewerekilled.Thishashappenedagainmanytimessincethatyear.Sometimesnodamagewascausedoronlylittledamage.Buttherewasseriousdamageintheyears4721631179418611872and1906.Youcanseethatavolcanocanstayaliveformanyyears.Therewasalsoseriousdamagein1914buttherehasnotbeenanysincethatyear.Whenlavacoolsitbecomes______.
Uptonowtheworkhasbeeneasy.
{{*HTML*}}SuccessfulLanguageLearners??1.Somepeopleseemtohaveaknackforlearninglanguages.Theycanpickupnewvocabularymasterrulesorgrammarandlearntowriteinthenewlanguagemorequicklythanothers.Theydonotseemtobeanymoreintelligentthanotherssowhatmakeslanguagelearningsomucheasierforthem?Perhapsifwetakeadoselookatthesesuccessfullanguagelearnerswemaydiscoverafewofthetechniqueswhichmakelanguagelearningeasierforthem.???2.Firstofallsuccessfullanguagelearnersareindependentlearners.Theydonotdependonthebookortheteacher;theydiscovertheirownwaytolearnthelanguage.Insteadofwaitingfortheteachertoexplaintheytrytofindthepatternsandtherulesforthemselves.Theyaregoodguesserswholookforcluesandformtheirownconclusions.Whentheyguesswrongtheyguessagain.Theytrytolearnfrommistakes.???3.Successfullanguagelearningisactivelearning.Thereforesuccessfullearnersdonotwaitforachancetousethelanguage;theylookforsuchachance.Theyfindpeoplewhospeakthelanguageandtheyaskthesepeopletocorrectthemwhentheymakeamistake.Theywilltryanythingtocommunicate.Theyarenotafraidtorepeatwhattheyhearortosaystrangethings;theyarewillingtomakemistakesandtryagain.Whencommunicationisdifficulttheycanacceptinformationthatisinexactorincomplete.Itismoreimportantforthemtolearntothinkinthelanguagethantoknowthemeaningofeveryword.???4.Finallysuccessfullanguagelearnersarelearnerswithapurpose.Theywanttolearnthelanguagebecausetheyareinterestedinthelanguageandthepeoplewhospeakit.Itisnecessaryforthemtolearnthelanguageinordertocommunicatewiththesepeopleandtolearnfromthem.Theyfinditeasytopracticeusingthelanguageregularlybecausetheywanttolearnwithit.???5.Whatkindoflanguagelearnerareyou?Ifyouareasuccessfullanguagelearneryouhaveprobablybeenlearningindependentlyactivelyandpurposefully.Ontheotherhandifyourlanguagelearninghasbeenlessthansuccessfulyoumightaswelltrysomeofthetechniquesoutlinedabove.Activelanguagelearnersseizeeveryopportunity______.
WaterResource Humanityusesalittlelessthanhalfthewateravailableworldwide.Yetoccurrencesofshortagesanddroughts干旱arecausingfamineanddistressinsomeareasandindustrialandagriculturalby-productsarepollutingwatersupplies.Sincetheworldspopulationisexpectedtodoubleinthenext50yearsmanyexpertsthinkweareontheedgeofawidespreadwatercrisis. Butthatdoesn’thavetobetheoutcome.Watershortagesdonothavetotroubletheworld—ifwestartvaluingwatermorethanwehaveinthepast.Justaswebegantoappreciatepetroleummoreafterthe1970soilcrisestodaywemuststartlookingatwaterfromafresheconomicperspective.Wecannolongeraffordtoconsiderwateravirtuallyfreeresourceofwhichwecanuseasmuchaswelikeinanywaywewant. Insteadforallusesexceptthedomesticdemandofthepoorgovernmentsshouldpricewatertoreflectitsactualvalue.Thismeanschargingafeeforthewateritselfaswellasforthesupplycosts. Governmentsshouldalsoprotectthisresourcebyprovidingwaterinmoreeconomicallyandenvironmentallysoundways.Forexampleoftenthecheapestwaytoprovideirrigation灌溉waterinthedrytropicsisthroughsmall-scaleprojectssuchasgatheringrainfallindepressions凹地andpumpingittonearbycropland. Nomatterwhatstepsgovernmentstaketoprovidewatermoreefficientlytheymustchangetheirinstitutionalandlegalapproachestowateruse.Ratherthanspreadcontrolamonghundredsoreventhousandsoflocalregionalandnationalagenciesthatwatchvariousaspectsofwaterusecountriesshouldsetupcentralauthoritiestocoordinatewaterpolicy. Whatistherealcauseofthepotentialwatercrisis
TheAmericanFamily IntheAmericanfamilythehusbandandwifeusuallyshareimportantdecisionmaking.Whenthechildrenareoldenoughtheytakepart51.ForeignersareoftensurprisedbythepermissivenessofAmericanparents.Theoldrulethat"childrenshouldbeseenandnotheard"israrely52andchildrenareoftenallowedtodowhattheywishwithoutstrictparental53.Thefatherseldomexpectshischildrentoobeyhim54questionandchildrenareencouragedtobeindependent55anearlyage.SomepeoplebelievethatAmericanparentscarrythisfreedom56far.Othersthinkthatastrongfatherimagewouldnot57theAmericanvaluesofequalityandindependence.BecauseAmericansemphasizetheimportanceofindependenceyoungpeopleareexpectedtobreak58theirparentalfamiliesbythetimetheyhave59theirlateteensorearlytwenties.60nottodosoisoftenregardedasafailureakindofweakdependence. Thispatternofindependenceoftenresultsinserious61fortheagingparentsofasmallfamily.TheaverageAmericanisexpectedtolive62theageof70.Thejob-retirementageis6365.Thechildrenhavelefthomemarriedand64theirownhouseholds.Atleast20percentofallpeopleover65donothaveenoughretirementincomes.65themajorproblemofmanyelderlycouplesisnoteconomic.Theyfeeluselessandlonelywithneitheranoccupationnoraclosefamilygroup. 65
TheAmericanFamily IntheAmericanfamilythehusbandandwifeusuallyshareimportantdecisionmaking.Whenthechildrenareoldenoughtheytakepart51.ForeignersareoftensurprisedbythepermissivenessofAmericanparents.Theoldrulethat"childrenshouldbeseenandnotheard"israrely52andchildrenareoftenallowedtodowhattheywishwithoutstrictparental53.Thefatherseldomexpectshischildrentoobeyhim54questionandchildrenareencouragedtobeindependent55anearlyage.SomepeoplebelievethatAmericanparentscarrythisfreedom56far.Othersthinkthatastrongfatherimagewouldnot57theAmericanvaluesofequalityandindependence.BecauseAmericansemphasizetheimportanceofindependenceyoungpeopleareexpectedtobreak58theirparentalfamiliesbythetimetheyhave59theirlateteensorearlytwenties.60nottodosoisoftenregardedasafailureakindofweakdependence. Thispatternofindependenceoftenresultsinserious61fortheagingparentsofasmallfamily.TheaverageAmericanisexpectedtolive62theageof70.Thejob-retirementageis6365.Thechildrenhavelefthomemarriedand64theirownhouseholds.Atleast20percentofallpeopleover65donothaveenoughretirementincomes.65themajorproblemofmanyelderlycouplesisnoteconomic.Theyfeeluselessandlonelywithneitheranoccupationnoraclosefamilygroup. 57
TheAmericanFamily IntheAmericanfamilythehusbandandwifeusuallyshareimportantdecisionmaking.Whenthechildrenareoldenoughtheytakepart51.ForeignersareoftensurprisedbythepermissivenessofAmericanparents.Theoldrulethat"childrenshouldbeseenandnotheard"israrely52andchildrenareoftenallowedtodowhattheywishwithoutstrictparental53.Thefatherseldomexpectshischildrentoobeyhim54questionandchildrenareencouragedtobeindependent55anearlyage.SomepeoplebelievethatAmericanparentscarrythisfreedom56far.Othersthinkthatastrongfatherimagewouldnot57theAmericanvaluesofequalityandindependence.BecauseAmericansemphasizetheimportanceofindependenceyoungpeopleareexpectedtobreak58theirparentalfamiliesbythetimetheyhave59theirlateteensorearlytwenties.60nottodosoisoftenregardedasafailureakindofweakdependence. Thispatternofindependenceoftenresultsinserious61fortheagingparentsofasmallfamily.TheaverageAmericanisexpectedtolive62theageof70.Thejob-retirementageis6365.Thechildrenhavelefthomemarriedand64theirownhouseholds.Atleast20percentofallpeopleover65donothaveenoughretirementincomes.65themajorproblemofmanyelderlycouplesisnoteconomic.Theyfeeluselessandlonelywithneitheranoccupationnoraclosefamilygroup. 51
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