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阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有2项测试任务：(1)第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2、4、5、6段每段选择1个正确的小标题；(2)第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确选项，分别完成每个...
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? ?阅读下面这篇短文短文后有2项测试任务1第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第1～4段每段选
? ?阅读下面这篇短文短文后有2项测试任务1第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第1～4段每段选
? ?阅读下面这篇短文短文后有2项测试任务1第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第1～4段每段选
? ?阅读下面这篇短文短文后有2项测试任务1第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2～5段每段选
? ?阅读下面这篇短文短文后有2项测试任务1第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2～5段每段选
? ?阅读下面这篇短文短文后有2项测试任务1第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第1～4段每段选
? ?阅读下面这篇短文短文后有2项测试任务1第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第1～4段每段选
? ?阅读下面这篇短文短文后有2项测试任务1第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2～5段每段选
? ?阅读下面这篇短文短文后有2项测试任务1第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2～5段每段选
? ?阅读下面这篇短文短文后有2项测试任务1第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第1～4段每段选
? ?阅读下面这篇短文短文后有2项测试任务1第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2～5段每段选
? ?阅读下面这篇短文短文后有2项测试任务1第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2～5段每段选
? ?阅读下面这篇短文短文后有2项测试任务1第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2～5段每段选
? ?阅读下面这篇短文短文后有2项测试任务1第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2～5段每段选
? ?阅读下面这篇短文短文后有2项测试任务1第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2～5段每段选
? ?阅读下面这篇短文短文后有2项测试任务1第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第1～4段每段选
? ?阅读下面这篇短文短文后有2项测试任务1第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2～5段每段选
? ?阅读下面这篇短文短文后有2项测试任务1第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2～5段每段选
? ?阅读下面这篇短文短文后有2项测试任务1第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第1～4段每段选
? ?阅读下面这篇短文短文后有2项测试任务1第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2～5段每段选
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FluShotsOrNot? ItsoundedlikeagoodideawhenNewYorkCity’’smayorRudollphGiulianiadvisedNewYorkersrecentlytogetaflushot.Afterall20000Americanseachyeardieofinfluenza.Andthisyearinparticularthemayorsuggestedgettingaflushotmightbeanespeciallygoodideasinceitcouldhelpdoctorsdistinguishbetweenfluandthedeadlyinhalational吸入的formofanthrax炭疽.How?Bothanthraxandfluexhibitstrikinglysimilarsymptoms—feverchillsandmuscleaches—intheearlydaysoftheinfection.Physicianswouldbequicktosuspectanthraxinanyonewhowasvaccinated接种疫苗againstfluandstilldevelopedfeverandchills.Thatwouldgivethemabetterchancetoidentifyanynewvictimsofterrorwhiletheirinfectionwasstillinitsearliestmosttreatablestages. Orsothemayor’’sreasoningwent.Unfortunatelythereareacoupleofproblemswithhislogic.Foronethinggettingvaccinatedagainstinfluenzadoesn’tguaranteeyouwontgetsick.Althoughhighlyeffectivethefluvaccine疫苗protectsagainstonlythedominanttypesofthediseaseandeventhendoesnotprovide100%protection.Ittakesacoupleofweeksforyourbodytorespondtothevaccinewithasufficientnumberofantibodies抗体.EachyearthousandsofAmericanswhogetthevaccineneverthelessstillgettheflu. Therearealsoplentyofreasonsyoumightdevelopfeverchillsandmuscleachesthathavenothingtodowitheitheranthraxorflu.Indeeddoctorsestimatethatmorethan80%ofallflulikeillnesseseachwinterarecausedbyothergroupsofviruses.Gettingvaccinatedagainstflucantprotectyouagainstsufferingfromtheseotherillnesses. Intheworstcaseaskingallhealthyadultstogetvaccinatedcouldactuallyhavetheoppositeeffecttotheoneintendedleadingtoevenmoredeathsifitmeanswerunoutofshotsforthosewhoaremostvulnerabletotheinfection.Alreadytherehavebeendelaysingettingthisyear’’sshipmentofvaccinetoclinicsanddoctors’’offices.Thosewhoshouldbeatthefrontofthelineincludefolkswhoare65oroldernursing-homeresidentsandadultsandchildrenwithchronichealthproblemsaswellasanyonewhocaresfororliveswithsuchpeople.FlushotsarealsoimportantformenandwomenwhoseimmunesystemisweakenedbyHIV艾滋病病毒orotherconditions. Thebestreasontogetthefluvaccineisthatitprotectsagainstmostflus—notthatyou’’reworriedaboutgettinganthrax.Whileinhalationalanthraxhaskilledonlyfivepeoplesofarmanymorecouldbeatriskfromflu-relatedcomplications.There’’snoneedtoworsenthetragedybymakingthisyear’’sinfluenzaepidemicanyworse. Askingallhealthyadultstogetaflushotmayresultinashortageoftheflushotsforthosewhoaremostvulnerabletotheinfection.
{{*HTML*}}? ?阅读下面的短文文中有15处空白每处空白给出了4个选项请根据短文的内容从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案并填在题前的括号内 ??????? ?{{B}}ManofFewWords{{/B}}??Everyonechasessuccessbutnot allofUSwanttobefamous.??SouthAfricanwriterJohnMaxwell Coetzeeis{{U}}?1?{{/U}}forkeepinghimselftohimself.? ?Whenthe63-year-oldwasnamedthe2003NobelPrizewinnerforliterature earlierthismonthreporterswerewarnedthattheywouldfindhimparticularly difficultto{{U}}?2?{{/U}}.??Coetzeelivesin AustraliabutspendspartoftheyearteachingattheUniversityofChicago.He seemed{{U}}?3?{{/U}}bythenewshewontheUSS1.3millionprize. Itcameasacompletesurprise.Iwasn’tevenawaretheywereduetomakethe announcementhesaid.??His{{U}}?4?{{/U}}ofprivacy ledtodoubtsastowhetherCoetzeewillattendtheprizegivinginStockholm SwedenonDecember10.??Butdespitebeingdescribedas{{U}}? 5?{{/U}}totrackdownthecriticsagreethathiswritingiseasytoget toknow.??Born.inCapeTownSouthAfricatoall English-speakingfamilyCoetzee{{U}}?6?{{/U}}hisbreakthroughin 1980withthenovel’WaitingfortheBarbarians.He{{U}}?7?{{/U}}his placeamongtheworld’sleadingwriterswithtwoBookerPrizevictories Britain’shighesthonourfornovels.Hefirst{{U}}?8?{{/U}}in1983 fortheLifeandTimesofMichaelK.Andhissecondtitlecamein1999for Disgrace.??AmajorthemeinhisworkisSouthAfrica’sformer apartheidsystemwhichdividedwhitesfromblacks.{{U}}?9? {{/U}}withtheproblemsofviolencecrimeandracialdivisionthatstillexistin thecountryhisbookshaveenabledordinarypeopletounderstandapartheid{{U}} ?10?{{/U}}within.??Ihavealwaysbeenmore interestedinthepastthanthefuturehesaidinarareinterview.The past{{U}}?11?{{/U}}itsshadowoverthepresent.IhopeIhavemade oneortwopeoplethink{{U}}?12?{{/U}}aboutwhethertheywantto forgetthepastcompletely.??Infacttiffspurityinhiswriting seemstobe{{U}}?13?{{/U}}inhispersonallife.Coetzeeisa vegetarianacyclistratherthanamotoristanddoesn’tdrink alcohol.??Butwhathehas{{U}}?14?{{/U}}to literaturecultureandthepeopleofSouthAfricaisfargreaterthanthe thingshehasgivenup.InlookingatweaknessandfailureinlifetheNobel prizejudgingpanelsaidCoetzee’swork{{U}}?15?{{/U}}thedivine sparkinman.??privacyn.独居不受干拢的自由??I barbariann.&adj.野蛮人的残暴的人的??Apartheidn 种族隔离;种族隔制??divineadj.神圣的??paneln. 评审小组
{{*HTML*}}? ?阅读下面的短文文中有15处空白每处空白给出了4个选项请根据短文的内容从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案并填在题前的括号内 ??????? ?{{B}}ManofFewWords{{/B}}??Everyonechasessuccessbutnot allofUSwanttobefamous.??SouthAfricanwriterJohnMaxwell Coetzeeis{{U}}?1?{{/U}}forkeepinghimselftohimself.? ?Whenthe63-year-oldwasnamedthe2003NobelPrizewinnerforliterature earlierthismonthreporterswerewarnedthattheywouldfindhimparticularly difficultto{{U}}?2?{{/U}}.??Coetzeelivesin AustraliabutspendspartoftheyearteachingattheUniversityofChicago.He seemed{{U}}?3?{{/U}}bythenewshewontheUSS1.3millionprize. Itcameasacompletesurprise.Iwasn’tevenawaretheywereduetomakethe announcementhesaid.??His{{U}}?4?{{/U}}ofprivacy ledtodoubtsastowhetherCoetzeewillattendtheprizegivinginStockholm SwedenonDecember10.??Butdespitebeingdescribedas{{U}}? 5?{{/U}}totrackdownthecriticsagreethathiswritingiseasytoget toknow.??Born.inCapeTownSouthAfricatoall English-speakingfamilyCoetzee{{U}}?6?{{/U}}hisbreakthroughin 1980withthenovel’WaitingfortheBarbarians.He{{U}}?7?{{/U}}his placeamongtheworld’sleadingwriterswithtwoBookerPrizevictories Britain’shighesthonourfornovels.Hefirst{{U}}?8?{{/U}}in1983 fortheLifeandTimesofMichaelK.Andhissecondtitlecamein1999for Disgrace.??AmajorthemeinhisworkisSouthAfrica’sformer apartheidsystemwhichdividedwhitesfromblacks.{{U}}?9? {{/U}}withtheproblemsofviolencecrimeandracialdivisionthatstillexistin thecountryhisbookshaveenabledordinarypeopletounderstandapartheid{{U}} ?10?{{/U}}within.??Ihavealwaysbeenmore interestedinthepastthanthefuturehesaidinarareinterview.The past{{U}}?11?{{/U}}itsshadowoverthepresent.IhopeIhavemade oneortwopeoplethink{{U}}?12?{{/U}}aboutwhethertheywantto forgetthepastcompletely.??Infacttiffspurityinhiswriting seemstobe{{U}}?13?{{/U}}inhispersonallife.Coetzeeisa vegetarianacyclistratherthanamotoristanddoesn’tdrink alcohol.??Butwhathehas{{U}}?14?{{/U}}to literaturecultureandthepeopleofSouthAfricaisfargreaterthanthe thingshehasgivenup.InlookingatweaknessandfailureinlifetheNobel prizejudgingpanelsaidCoetzee’swork{{U}}?15?{{/U}}thedivine sparkinman.??privacyn.独居不受干拢的自由??I barbariann.&adj.野蛮人的残暴的人的??Apartheidn 种族隔离;种族隔制??divineadj.神圣的??paneln. 评审小组
{{*HTML*}}? ?阅读下面的短文文中有15处空白每处空白给出了4个选项请根据短文的内容从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案并填在题前的括号内 ??????? ?{{B}}ManofFewWords{{/B}}??Everyonechasessuccessbutnot allofUSwanttobefamous.??SouthAfricanwriterJohnMaxwell Coetzeeis{{U}}?1?{{/U}}forkeepinghimselftohimself.? ?Whenthe63-year-oldwasnamedthe2003NobelPrizewinnerforliterature earlierthismonthreporterswerewarnedthattheywouldfindhimparticularly difficultto{{U}}?2?{{/U}}.??Coetzeelivesin AustraliabutspendspartoftheyearteachingattheUniversityofChicago.He seemed{{U}}?3?{{/U}}bythenewshewontheUSS1.3millionprize. Itcameasacompletesurprise.Iwasn’tevenawaretheywereduetomakethe announcementhesaid.??His{{U}}?4?{{/U}}ofprivacy ledtodoubtsastowhetherCoetzeewillattendtheprizegivinginStockholm SwedenonDecember10.??Butdespitebeingdescribedas{{U}}? 5?{{/U}}totrackdownthecriticsagreethathiswritingiseasytoget toknow.??Born.inCapeTownSouthAfricatoall English-speakingfamilyCoetzee{{U}}?6?{{/U}}hisbreakthroughin 1980withthenovel’WaitingfortheBarbarians.He{{U}}?7?{{/U}}his placeamongtheworld’sleadingwriterswithtwoBookerPrizevictories Britain’shighesthonourfornovels.Hefirst{{U}}?8?{{/U}}in1983 fortheLifeandTimesofMichaelK.Andhissecondtitlecamein1999for Disgrace.??AmajorthemeinhisworkisSouthAfrica’sformer apartheidsystemwhichdividedwhitesfromblacks.{{U}}?9? {{/U}}withtheproblemsofviolencecrimeandracialdivisionthatstillexistin thecountryhisbookshaveenabledordinarypeopletounderstandapartheid{{U}} ?10?{{/U}}within.??Ihavealwaysbeenmore interestedinthepastthanthefuturehesaidinarareinterview.The past{{U}}?11?{{/U}}itsshadowoverthepresent.IhopeIhavemade oneortwopeoplethink{{U}}?12?{{/U}}aboutwhethertheywantto forgetthepastcompletely.??Infacttiffspurityinhiswriting seemstobe{{U}}?13?{{/U}}inhispersonallife.Coetzeeisa vegetarianacyclistratherthanamotoristanddoesn’tdrink alcohol.??Butwhathehas{{U}}?14?{{/U}}to literaturecultureandthepeopleofSouthAfricaisfargreaterthanthe thingshehasgivenup.InlookingatweaknessandfailureinlifetheNobel prizejudgingpanelsaidCoetzee’swork{{U}}?15?{{/U}}thedivine sparkinman.??privacyn.独居不受干拢的自由??I barbariann.&adj.野蛮人的残暴的人的??Apartheidn 种族隔离;种族隔制??divineadj.神圣的??paneln. 评审小组
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Hehadbeenforcedtogiveupmuchofhistimetohousework.
{{*HTML*}}? ?阅读下面的短文文章中有5处空白文章后有6组文字请根据文章的内容选择5组文字将其分别放回文章原有位置以恢复文章原貌 ???????{{B}}TheFirstFour Minutes{{/B}}??Whendopeopledecidewhetherornottheywantto becomefriends?Duringtheirfirstfourminutestogetheraccordingtoabookby Dr.LeonardZunin.InhisbookContact:Thefirstfourminutesheoffers thisadvicetoanyoneinterestedinstartingnewfriendships:{{U}}?1 ?{{/U}}Alotofpeople’swholeliveswouldchangeiftheydidjust that.??Youmayhavenoticedthataveragepersondoesnotgivehis undividedattentiontosomeoneheasjustmet.{{U}}?2?{{/U}}If anyonehaseverdonethistoyouyouprobablydidnotlikehimvery much.??Whenweareintroducedtonewpeopletheauthorsuggests weshouldtrytoappearfriendlyandself-confident.Ingeneralhesays Peoplelikepeoplewholikethemselves.??Ontheotherhandwe shouldnotmaketheotherpersonthinkwearetoosureofourselves.Itis importanttoappearinterestedandsympatheticrealizingthattheotherperson hashisownneedsfearsandhopes.??Hearingsuchadviceone mightsayButI’mnotafriendlyself-confidentperson.That’snotmynature. Itwouldbedishonestformetodointhatway.??{{U}}?3 ?{{/U}}Wecanbecomeaccustomedtoanychangeswechoosetomakeinour personality.Itislikegettingusedtoanewcar.Itmaybeunfamiliarat firstbutitgoesmuchbetterthantheoldone.??Butisn’tit dishonesttogivetheappearanceoffriendlyself-confidencewhenwedon’t actuallyfeelthatway?PerhapsbutaccordingtoDr.Zunintotalhonestis notalwaysgoodforsocialrelationshipsespeciallyduringthefirstfew minutesofcontact.Thereisatimeforeverythingandacertainamountof play-actingmaybebestforthefirstfewminutesofcontactwithastranger. Thatisnotthetimetocomplainaboutone’shealthortomentionfaultsone findsinotherpeople.Itisnotthetimetotellthewholetruthaboutone’s opinionsandimpressions.??{{U}}?4?{{/U}}Forahusband andwifeoraparentandchildproblemsoftenariseduringtheirfirstfour minutestogetheraftertheyhavebeenapart.Dr.Zuninsuggeststhatthesefirst fewminutestogetherbetreatedwithcare.Ifthereareunpleasantmatterstobe discussedtheyshouldbedealtwithlater.??Theauthorsaysthat interpersonalrelationsshouldbetaughtasarequiredcourseineveryschool alongwithreadingwritingandmathematics.{{U}}?5?{{/U}}thatis atleastasimportantashowmuchweknow.??A.InreplyDr. Zuninwouldclaimthatalittlepracticecanhelpusfeelcomfortableabout changingoursocialhabits.??B.Muchofwhathasbeensaidabout strangersalsoappliestorelationshipswithfamilymembersand friends.??C.Inhisopinionsuccessinlifedependsmainlyon howwegetalongwithotherpeople.??D.Everytimeyoumeet someoneinasocialsituationgivehimyourundividedattentionforfour minutes.??E.Hekeepslookingovertheotherperson’sshoulder asifhopingtofindsomeonemoreinterestinginanotherpartofthe room.??F.Heiseagertomakefriendswitheveryone.Thefirst fourminutes.
{{*HTML*}}? ?阅读下面的短文文中有15处空白每处空白给出了4个选项请根据短文的内容从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案并填在题前的括号内 ??????? ?{{B}}ManofFewWords{{/B}}??Everyonechasessuccessbutnot allofUSwanttobefamous.??SouthAfricanwriterJohnMaxwell Coetzeeis{{U}}?1?{{/U}}forkeepinghimselftohimself.? ?Whenthe63-year-oldwasnamedthe2003NobelPrizewinnerforliterature earlierthismonthreporterswerewarnedthattheywouldfindhimparticularly difficultto{{U}}?2?{{/U}}.??Coetzeelivesin AustraliabutspendspartoftheyearteachingattheUniversityofChicago.He seemed{{U}}?3?{{/U}}bythenewshewontheUSS1.3millionprize. Itcameasacompletesurprise.Iwasn’tevenawaretheywereduetomakethe announcementhesaid.??His{{U}}?4?{{/U}}ofprivacy ledtodoubtsastowhetherCoetzeewillattendtheprizegivinginStockholm SwedenonDecember10.??Butdespitebeingdescribedas{{U}}? 5?{{/U}}totrackdownthecriticsagreethathiswritingiseasytoget toknow.??Born.inCapeTownSouthAfricatoall English-speakingfamilyCoetzee{{U}}?6?{{/U}}hisbreakthroughin 1980withthenovel’WaitingfortheBarbarians.He{{U}}?7?{{/U}}his placeamongtheworld’sleadingwriterswithtwoBookerPrizevictories Britain’shighesthonourfornovels.Hefirst{{U}}?8?{{/U}}in1983 fortheLifeandTimesofMichaelK.Andhissecondtitlecamein1999for Disgrace.??AmajorthemeinhisworkisSouthAfrica’sformer apartheidsystemwhichdividedwhitesfromblacks.{{U}}?9? {{/U}}withtheproblemsofviolencecrimeandracialdivisionthatstillexistin thecountryhisbookshaveenabledordinarypeopletounderstandapartheid{{U}} ?10?{{/U}}within.??Ihavealwaysbeenmore interestedinthepastthanthefuturehesaidinarareinterview.The past{{U}}?11?{{/U}}itsshadowoverthepresent.IhopeIhavemade oneortwopeoplethink{{U}}?12?{{/U}}aboutwhethertheywantto forgetthepastcompletely.??Infacttiffspurityinhiswriting seemstobe{{U}}?13?{{/U}}inhispersonallife.Coetzeeisa vegetarianacyclistratherthanamotoristanddoesn’tdrink alcohol.??Butwhathehas{{U}}?14?{{/U}}to literaturecultureandthepeopleofSouthAfricaisfargreaterthanthe thingshehasgivenup.InlookingatweaknessandfailureinlifetheNobel prizejudgingpanelsaidCoetzee’swork{{U}}?15?{{/U}}thedivine sparkinman.??privacyn.独居不受干拢的自由??I barbariann.&adj.野蛮人的残暴的人的??Apartheidn 种族隔离;种族隔制??divineadj.神圣的??paneln. 评审小组
HeartAttack IntheUnitedStatesandespeciallyinbigcitiesandruralareastensofthousandsofpeoplewithheartsthatshouldbegood【51】tokeepthemalivedieeachyearforlackofadequatefirstaid.InNewYorkCityforexampleanewstudyhasshownthatonlyonepersonin100outsideofhospitals【52】aftertheheartsuddenlystopspumping.IncontrastinSeattlethesurvival【53】aftersuchheartattacksisoneinfive. Thedifferencecanbetraced【54】theeffectivenessofthechainofsurvivalDr.JosephP.Ornatosaid.Eachlinkinthe【55】mustbestrongenoughformanylivestobe【56】. Thechainbeginswithanimmediatetelephone【57】foremergencyhelpandthestartwithinfourminutesoftheprocessneededforrestartingthe【58】workingbyafamilymemberorbystander旁观者. Itcontinueswiththepromptarrival-------withineight【59】tenminutesofarescuerequippedwithaspecialinstrumentthatcanshocktheheartbacktoanormalrhythm.Anditendswiththeadministration给予实施ofadvanced先进emergencycarebynursestomaintaintheheart’’sabilitytosurviveuntilthedoctorsatthehospitalscantake【60】Whenoneormorelinksinthischainfailorfunctiontooslowlythe【61】ofavictimsurvivingheartattackfallsrapidly.Becauseofwidespreadweaknessesinthechainof【62】expertsinemergencyheartcareestimatethat20000to80000people【63】needlesslyofheartattackeachyearanumbercomparabletothe55000killedannuallyinautomobile【64】. OneexpertsaysSendinganemergencyvehicletoaheartattackvictim【65】thespecialequipmentislikehavingpolicemenwithgunsbutnobullets.Theymayputonagoodshowbuttheylacktheweaponneededtogetthejobdone.
HowtoBeaNurse Thephysiciansinahospitalformthecoreofthemedicalstaff.Buttheycouldnotprovideeffectivemedicalcaretotheirpatientswithoutthehelpofnumerousothermedicalemployees.Fromtheviewpointofthepatientsthenursingstaffisparticularlyimportant.Nursesareusuallyinclosecontactwithpatientsaslongastheyareinthehospital. Anursedoesnotstudyforasmanyyearsasadoctor.Howevereachmustbeequallydedicated.Caringforsickpersonsrequiresagreatdealofpatienceandconcern.Mostnursesworklongdaysandtheyoftenmustworkatoddhoursorduringthenight. Underthesupervisionoftheheadnursethenursingstaffmustprovidenursingservicesona24-hourbasisandattendtopatients’needs.Thisresponsibilitycontinuesaroundtheclockandsonursesmustworkinshifts.Ashiftisaperiodofdutyusuallyeightinlength.Thenursesonthewardrotatetheirshifts.Sometaketurnsworkingnightduty;othersworkoddshifts.Allofthemworkoutofacentralareaonthewardcalledthenurses’station. Anursemustalwaysbealert.Shecanneveraffordtobecareless.Thisistrueinallnursingsituationbutitisespeciallytrueintheintensivecareunit.Patientsunderintensivecarearecriticallyillandtheymustbemonitoredatalltimes.Thenurseswhodointensivecaredutyhaveoneofthemostdemandingjobsinthehospital. Servingasanursecanbeaveryrewardingjob.Butitisnotaneasyone.Noteverypersonissuitedtobecomeanurse.Onlyverydedicatedpeoplehavechosennursingasaprofession. WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedbytheauthor?
TheU.Swasin1850adividednationhalfslaveandhalffree.
FluShotsOrNot? ItsoundedlikeagoodideawhenNewYorkCity’’smayorRudollphGiulianiadvisedNewYorkersrecentlytogetaflushot.Afterall20000Americanseachyeardieofinfluenza.Andthisyearinparticularthemayorsuggestedgettingaflushotmightbeanespeciallygoodideasinceitcouldhelpdoctorsdistinguishbetweenfluandthedeadlyinhalational吸入的formofanthrax炭疽.How?Bothanthraxandfluexhibitstrikinglysimilarsymptoms—feverchillsandmuscleaches—intheearlydaysoftheinfection.Physicianswouldbequicktosuspectanthraxinanyonewhowasvaccinated接种疫苗againstfluandstilldevelopedfeverandchills.Thatwouldgivethemabetterchancetoidentifyanynewvictimsofterrorwhiletheirinfectionwasstillinitsearliestmosttreatablestages. Orsothemayor’’sreasoningwent.Unfortunatelythereareacoupleofproblemswithhislogic.Foronethinggettingvaccinatedagainstinfluenzadoesn’tguaranteeyouwontgetsick.Althoughhighlyeffectivethefluvaccine疫苗protectsagainstonlythedominanttypesofthediseaseandeventhendoesnotprovide100%protection.Ittakesacoupleofweeksforyourbodytorespondtothevaccinewithasufficientnumberofantibodies抗体.EachyearthousandsofAmericanswhogetthevaccineneverthelessstillgettheflu. Therearealsoplentyofreasonsyoumightdevelopfeverchillsandmuscleachesthathavenothingtodowitheitheranthraxorflu.Indeeddoctorsestimatethatmorethan80%ofallflulikeillnesseseachwinterarecausedbyothergroupsofviruses.Gettingvaccinatedagainstflucantprotectyouagainstsufferingfromtheseotherillnesses. Intheworstcaseaskingallhealthyadultstogetvaccinatedcouldactuallyhavetheoppositeeffecttotheoneintendedleadingtoevenmoredeathsifitmeanswerunoutofshotsforthosewhoaremostvulnerabletotheinfection.Alreadytherehavebeendelaysingettingthisyear’’sshipmentofvaccinetoclinicsanddoctors’’offices.Thosewhoshouldbeatthefrontofthelineincludefolkswhoare65oroldernursing-homeresidentsandadultsandchildrenwithchronichealthproblemsaswellasanyonewhocaresfororliveswithsuchpeople.FlushotsarealsoimportantformenandwomenwhoseimmunesystemisweakenedbyHIV艾滋病病毒orotherconditions. Thebestreasontogetthefluvaccineisthatitprotectsagainstmostflus—notthatyou’’reworriedaboutgettinganthrax.Whileinhalationalanthraxhaskilledonlyfivepeoplesofarmanymorecouldbeatriskfromflu-relatedcomplications.There’’snoneedtoworsenthetragedybymakingthisyear’’sinfluenzaepidemicanyworse. Noneofthefivepeoplekilledbyinhalationalanthraxhadbeenvaccinatedagainstinfluenza.
Howmanyradioswillyourfactoryturnoutthisyear?
HowtoBeaNurse Thephysiciansinahospitalformthecoreofthemedicalstaff.Buttheycouldnotprovideeffectivemedicalcaretotheirpatientswithoutthehelpofnumerousothermedicalemployees.Fromtheviewpointofthepatientsthenursingstaffisparticularlyimportant.Nursesareusuallyinclosecontactwithpatientsaslongastheyareinthehospital. Anursedoesnotstudyforasmanyyearsasadoctor.Howevereachmustbeequallydedicated.Caringforsickpersonsrequiresagreatdealofpatienceandconcern.Mostnursesworklongdaysandtheyoftenmustworkatoddhoursorduringthenight. Underthesupervisionoftheheadnursethenursingstaffmustprovidenursingservicesona24-hourbasisandattendtopatients’needs.Thisresponsibilitycontinuesaroundtheclockandsonursesmustworkinshifts.Ashiftisaperiodofdutyusuallyeightinlength.Thenursesonthewardrotatetheirshifts.Sometaketurnsworkingnightduty;othersworkoddshifts.Allofthemworkoutofacentralareaonthewardcalledthenurses’station. Anursemustalwaysbealert.Shecanneveraffordtobecareless.Thisistrueinallnursingsituationbutitisespeciallytrueintheintensivecareunit.Patientsunderintensivecarearecriticallyillandtheymustbemonitoredatalltimes.Thenurseswhodointensivecaredutyhaveoneofthemostdemandingjobsinthehospital. Servingasanursecanbeaveryrewardingjob.Butitisnotaneasyone.Noteverypersonissuitedtobecomeanurse.Onlyverydedicatedpeoplehavechosennursingasaprofession. Whymustnursesworkinshifts?
HowtoBeaNurse Thephysiciansinahospitalformthecoreofthemedicalstaff.Buttheycouldnotprovideeffectivemedicalcaretotheirpatientswithoutthehelpofnumerousothermedicalemployees.Fromtheviewpointofthepatientsthenursingstaffisparticularlyimportant.Nursesareusuallyinclosecontactwithpatientsaslongastheyareinthehospital. Anursedoesnotstudyforasmanyyearsasadoctor.Howevereachmustbeequallydedicated.Caringforsickpersonsrequiresagreatdealofpatienceandconcern.Mostnursesworklongdaysandtheyoftenmustworkatoddhoursorduringthenight. Underthesupervisionoftheheadnursethenursingstaffmustprovidenursingservicesona24-hourbasisandattendtopatients’needs.Thisresponsibilitycontinuesaroundtheclockandsonursesmustworkinshifts.Ashiftisaperiodofdutyusuallyeightinlength.Thenursesonthewardrotatetheirshifts.Sometaketurnsworkingnightduty;othersworkoddshifts.Allofthemworkoutofacentralareaonthewardcalledthenurses’station. Anursemustalwaysbealert.Shecanneveraffordtobecareless.Thisistrueinallnursingsituationbutitisespeciallytrueintheintensivecareunit.Patientsunderintensivecarearecriticallyillandtheymustbemonitoredatalltimes.Thenurseswhodointensivecaredutyhaveoneofthemostdemandingjobsinthehospital. Servingasanursecanbeaveryrewardingjob.Butitisnotaneasyone.Noteverypersonissuitedtobecomeanurse.Onlyverydedicatedpeoplehavechosennursingasaprofession. Thenursingstaff______.
ThecourseoftheKoreanWarwasbitterbloodyandfrustrating.
TheGeneIndustry Majorcompaniesarealreadyinpursuitofcommercialapplicationsofthenewbiology.Theydreamofplacingenzymesintheautomobiletomonitorexhaustandsenddataonpollutiontoamicroprocessorthatwillthenadjusttheengine.TheyspeakofwhattheNewYorkTimescallsmetal—hungrymicrobesthatmightbeusedtominevaluabletracemetalsfromoceanwater.Theyhavealreadydemandedandwontherighttopatentnewlifeforms. Nervouscriticsincludingmanyscientistsworrythatthereiscorporatenationalinternationalandinter-scientificrivalryintheentirebiotechnologicalfield.Theycreateimagesnotofoilspillsbutofmicrobespillsthatcouldspreaddiseaseanddestroyentirepopulations.Thecreationandaccidentalreleaseofextremelypoisonousmicrobeshoweverisonlyonecauseforalarm.Completelyrationalandrespectablescientistsaretalkingaboutpossibilitiesthatstaggertheimagination. Shouldwebreedpeoplewithcow-likestomachssotheycandigestgrassandhaytherebyrelievingthefoodproblembymodifyingustoeatlowerdownonthefoodchain?Shouldwebiologicallyalterworkerstofitthejobrequirementforexamplecreatingpilotswithfasterreactiontimesorassembly-lineworkersdesignedtodoourmonotonousworkforus?Shouldweattempttoeliminateinferiorpeopleandbreedasuper-race?Hitlertriedthisbutwithoutthegeneticweaponrythatmaysoonissuefromourlaboratories.Shouldweproducesoldierstodoourfighting?Shouldweusegeneticforecastingtopre-eliminateunfitbabies?Shouldwegrowreserveorgansforourselveseachofushavingasitwereasavingsbankfullofsparekidneyliversorhands? Wildasthesenotionsmaysoundeveryonehasitsadvocatesandopposersinthescientificcommunityaswellasitsstrikingcommercialapplication.AstwocriticsofgeneticengineeringJeremyRifkinandTedHowardstateintheirbookWhoShouldPlayGod?BroadScalegeneticengineeringwillprobablybeintroducedtoAmericamuchthesamewayasassemblylinesautomobilesvaccinescomputersandalltheothertechnologies.Aseachnewgeneticadvancebecomescommerciallypracticalanewconsumerneedwillbeexploitedandamarketforthenewtechnologywillbecreated. Accordingtothepassagewhichofthefollowingwouldworrythecriticsthemost?
HeartAttack IntheUnitedStatesandespeciallyinbigcitiesandruralareastensofthousandsofpeoplewithheartsthatshouldbegood【51】tokeepthemalivedieeachyearforlackofadequatefirstaid.InNewYorkCityforexampleanewstudyhasshownthatonlyonepersonin100outsideofhospitals【52】aftertheheartsuddenlystopspumping.IncontrastinSeattlethesurvival【53】aftersuchheartattacksisoneinfive. Thedifferencecanbetraced【54】theeffectivenessofthechainofsurvivalDr.JosephP.Ornatosaid.Eachlinkinthe【55】mustbestrongenoughformanylivestobe【56】. Thechainbeginswithanimmediatetelephone【57】foremergencyhelpandthestartwithinfourminutesoftheprocessneededforrestartingthe【58】workingbyafamilymemberorbystander旁观者. Itcontinueswiththepromptarrival-------withineight【59】tenminutesofarescuerequippedwithaspecialinstrumentthatcanshocktheheartbacktoanormalrhythm.Anditendswiththeadministration给予实施ofadvanced先进emergencycarebynursestomaintaintheheart’’sabilitytosurviveuntilthedoctorsatthehospitalscantake【60】Whenoneormorelinksinthischainfailorfunctiontooslowlythe【61】ofavictimsurvivingheartattackfallsrapidly.Becauseofwidespreadweaknessesinthechainof【62】expertsinemergencyheartcareestimatethat20000to80000people【63】needlesslyofheartattackeachyearanumbercomparabletothe55000killedannuallyinautomobile【64】. OneexpertsaysSendinganemergencyvehicletoaheartattackvictim【65】thespecialequipmentislikehavingpolicemenwithgunsbutnobullets.Theymayputonagoodshowbuttheylacktheweaponneededtogetthejobdone.
{{*HTML*}}? ?阅读下面的短文文中有15处空白每处空白给出了4个选项请根据短文的内容从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案并填在题前的括号内 ??????? ?{{B}}ManofFewWords{{/B}}??Everyonechasessuccessbutnot allofUSwanttobefamous.??SouthAfricanwriterJohnMaxwell Coetzeeis{{U}}?1?{{/U}}forkeepinghimselftohimself.? ?Whenthe63-year-oldwasnamedthe2003NobelPrizewinnerforliterature earlierthismonthreporterswerewarnedthattheywouldfindhimparticularly difficultto{{U}}?2?{{/U}}.??Coetzeelivesin AustraliabutspendspartoftheyearteachingattheUniversityofChicago.He seemed{{U}}?3?{{/U}}bythenewshewontheUSS1.3millionprize. Itcameasacompletesurprise.Iwasn’tevenawaretheywereduetomakethe announcementhesaid.??His{{U}}?4?{{/U}}ofprivacy ledtodoubtsastowhetherCoetzeewillattendtheprizegivinginStockholm SwedenonDecember10.??Butdespitebeingdescribedas{{U}}? 5?{{/U}}totrackdownthecriticsagreethathiswritingiseasytoget toknow.??Born.inCapeTownSouthAfricatoall English-speakingfamilyCoetzee{{U}}?6?{{/U}}hisbreakthroughin 1980withthenovel’WaitingfortheBarbarians.He{{U}}?7?{{/U}}his placeamongtheworld’sleadingwriterswithtwoBookerPrizevictories Britain’shighesthonourfornovels.Hefirst{{U}}?8?{{/U}}in1983 fortheLifeandTimesofMichaelK.Andhissecondtitlecamein1999for Disgrace.??AmajorthemeinhisworkisSouthAfrica’sformer apartheidsystemwhichdividedwhitesfromblacks.{{U}}?9? {{/U}}withtheproblemsofviolencecrimeandracialdivisionthatstillexistin thecountryhisbookshaveenabledordinarypeopletounderstandapartheid{{U}} ?10?{{/U}}within.??Ihavealwaysbeenmore interestedinthepastthanthefuturehesaidinarareinterview.The past{{U}}?11?{{/U}}itsshadowoverthepresent.IhopeIhavemade oneortwopeoplethink{{U}}?12?{{/U}}aboutwhethertheywantto forgetthepastcompletely.??Infacttiffspurityinhiswriting seemstobe{{U}}?13?{{/U}}inhispersonallife.Coetzeeisa vegetarianacyclistratherthanamotoristanddoesn’tdrink alcohol.??Butwhathehas{{U}}?14?{{/U}}to literaturecultureandthepeopleofSouthAfricaisfargreaterthanthe thingshehasgivenup.InlookingatweaknessandfailureinlifetheNobel prizejudgingpanelsaidCoetzee’swork{{U}}?15?{{/U}}thedivine sparkinman.??privacyn.独居不受干拢的自由??I barbariann.&adj.野蛮人的残暴的人的??Apartheidn 种族隔离;种族隔制??divineadj.神圣的??paneln. 评审小组
Ihaveapermanentjobhere.
RegenerationofLimbs Mostpeoplewouldagreethatitwouldbewonderfulifhumanscouldregeneratelimbs.Thosewhohavelosttheirarmsorlegswouldbecompleteagain.Thedayisstillfaroffwhenthismighthappen.Butinthelast10yearsdoctorshavereportedregenerationinsmallerpartsofthebodymostoftenfingers. Regenerationisnotanewly-discoveredprocess.Forcenturiesscientistshaveseenitworkinsomekindsofanimals.Breakoffalizards蜥蜴的tailforexampleanditwillgrowanewtail.Scientistsnowarelookingforawaytoturnonthisexcitingabilityinmorehighly-developedanimalsincludinghumans.Theirexperimentsshowthatnervescellchemistryandthenaturalelectriccurrentsinthebodyallseemtohaveapartinthisprocess. Thebodyofeveryanimalcontainsgeneralpurposecellsthatchangeintowhateverkindofcellsthebodyneeds.Animalssuchasthelizardorsalamander蝾螈usethesecellstoregenerateanewtailorlegwhentheoldoneisbrokenoff.Thesecellscollectaroundthewound.Theyformamasscalledablastema胚基.Thecellsoftheblastemabegintochange.Somebecomebonecellssomemusclecellssomeskincells.Slowlyanewpartre-growsfromthebodyoutward.Whencompletedthenewpartisjustliketheoldone. Morethan200yearsagoItalianscientistLuigiSpallanzanishowedthatyoungeranimalshaveagreaterabilitytoregeneratelostpartsthanolderanimals.Sodoanimalslowerontheladderofevolutionarydevelopment.Themajordifferenceseemstobethatless-developedanimalshavemorenervesintheirtailsandlegsthanhumansdointheirarmsandlegs. Anotherhelpfulpieceofinformationwasdiscoveredinthelate1800s.Scientistsfoundthatwhenacreatureisinjuredanelectricalcurrentflowsaroundthewound.Thestrengthofthecurrentdependsonhowseverethewoundisandonhowmuchnervetissueispresent. In1945AmericanscientistMerylRosetestedanotherideaaboutregeneration.Hethoughtanewlimbmightgrowonlyfromanopenwound.DoctorRosecutoffthefrontlegsofsomefrogsbelowtheknee.Hekeptthewoundswetwithastrongsaltyliquid.Thispreventedskinfromgrowingoverthewounds.Theresultsweresurprising.Frogsdonotregeneratenewlegsnaturally.Butthesefrogsbegantogrownewlimbs.Abouthalfofeachcut-offleggrewbackagain.Newbonesandmusclesdeveloped. Thisresearchhasleddoctorstonewwaysoftreatingcut-offfingers.Doctorshaveobservedforexamplethatmanychildrenandsomeadultswillre-growthetopofafingerifthewoundisleftopen. Whatkindofanimalhasagreaterabilitytoregeneratealostpart?
HeartAttack IntheUnitedStatesandespeciallyinbigcitiesandruralareastensofthousandsofpeoplewithheartsthatshouldbegood【51】tokeepthemalivedieeachyearforlackofadequatefirstaid.InNewYorkCityforexampleanewstudyhasshownthatonlyonepersonin100outsideofhospitals【52】aftertheheartsuddenlystopspumping.IncontrastinSeattlethesurvival【53】aftersuchheartattacksisoneinfive. Thedifferencecanbetraced【54】theeffectivenessofthechainofsurvivalDr.JosephP.Ornatosaid.Eachlinkinthe【55】mustbestrongenoughformanylivestobe【56】. Thechainbeginswithanimmediatetelephone【57】foremergencyhelpandthestartwithinfourminutesoftheprocessneededforrestartingthe【58】workingbyafamilymemberorbystander旁观者. Itcontinueswiththepromptarrival-------withineight【59】tenminutesofarescuerequippedwithaspecialinstrumentthatcanshocktheheartbacktoanormalrhythm.Anditendswiththeadministration给予实施ofadvanced先进emergencycarebynursestomaintaintheheart’’sabilitytosurviveuntilthedoctorsatthehospitalscantake【60】Whenoneormorelinksinthischainfailorfunctiontooslowlythe【61】ofavictimsurvivingheartattackfallsrapidly.Becauseofwidespreadweaknessesinthechainof【62】expertsinemergencyheartcareestimatethat20000to80000people【63】needlesslyofheartattackeachyearanumbercomparabletothe55000killedannuallyinautomobile【64】. OneexpertsaysSendinganemergencyvehicletoaheartattackvictim【65】thespecialequipmentislikehavingpolicemenwithgunsbutnobullets.Theymayputonagoodshowbuttheylacktheweaponneededtogetthejobdone.
Hecouldneverbecontentuntilhecouldaffordtobuythatbeautifulcar.
FluShotsOrNot? ItsoundedlikeagoodideawhenNewYorkCity’’smayorRudollphGiulianiadvisedNewYorkersrecentlytogetaflushot.Afterall20000Americanseachyeardieofinfluenza.Andthisyearinparticularthemayorsuggestedgettingaflushotmightbeanespeciallygoodideasinceitcouldhelpdoctorsdistinguishbetweenfluandthedeadlyinhalational吸入的formofanthrax炭疽.How?Bothanthraxandfluexhibitstrikinglysimilarsymptoms—feverchillsandmuscleaches—intheearlydaysoftheinfection.Physicianswouldbequicktosuspectanthraxinanyonewhowasvaccinated接种疫苗againstfluandstilldevelopedfeverandchills.Thatwouldgivethemabetterchancetoidentifyanynewvictimsofterrorwhiletheirinfectionwasstillinitsearliestmosttreatablestages. Orsothemayor’’sreasoningwent.Unfortunatelythereareacoupleofproblemswithhislogic.Foronethinggettingvaccinatedagainstinfluenzadoesn’tguaranteeyouwontgetsick.Althoughhighlyeffectivethefluvaccine疫苗protectsagainstonlythedominanttypesofthediseaseandeventhendoesnotprovide100%protection.Ittakesacoupleofweeksforyourbodytorespondtothevaccinewithasufficientnumberofantibodies抗体.EachyearthousandsofAmericanswhogetthevaccineneverthelessstillgettheflu. Therearealsoplentyofreasonsyoumightdevelopfeverchillsandmuscleachesthathavenothingtodowitheitheranthraxorflu.Indeeddoctorsestimatethatmorethan80%ofallflulikeillnesseseachwinterarecausedbyothergroupsofviruses.Gettingvaccinatedagainstflucantprotectyouagainstsufferingfromtheseotherillnesses. Intheworstcaseaskingallhealthyadultstogetvaccinatedcouldactuallyhavetheoppositeeffecttotheoneintendedleadingtoevenmoredeathsifitmeanswerunoutofshotsforthosewhoaremostvulnerabletotheinfection.Alreadytherehavebeendelaysingettingthisyear’’sshipmentofvaccinetoclinicsanddoctors’’offices.Thosewhoshouldbeatthefrontofthelineincludefolkswhoare65oroldernursing-homeresidentsandadultsandchildrenwithchronichealthproblemsaswellasanyonewhocaresfororliveswithsuchpeople.FlushotsarealsoimportantformenandwomenwhoseimmunesystemisweakenedbyHIV艾滋病病毒orotherconditions. Thebestreasontogetthefluvaccineisthatitprotectsagainstmostflus—notthatyou’’reworriedaboutgettinganthrax.Whileinhalationalanthraxhaskilledonlyfivepeoplesofarmanymorecouldbeatriskfromflu-relatedcomplications.There’’snoneedtoworsenthetragedybymakingthisyear’’sinfluenzaepidemicanyworse. Thosewhogetthefluvaccinearesurelyprotectedfromthedisease.
Themailwasdelayedforaweekbecauseoftheflood.
{{*HTML*}}? ?阅读下面的短文文中有15处空白每处空白给出了4个选项请根据短文的内容从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案并填在题前的括号内 ??????? ?{{B}}ManofFewWords{{/B}}??Everyonechasessuccessbutnot allofUSwanttobefamous.??SouthAfricanwriterJohnMaxwell Coetzeeis{{U}}?1?{{/U}}forkeepinghimselftohimself.? ?Whenthe63-year-oldwasnamedthe2003NobelPrizewinnerforliterature earlierthismonthreporterswerewarnedthattheywouldfindhimparticularly difficultto{{U}}?2?{{/U}}.??Coetzeelivesin AustraliabutspendspartoftheyearteachingattheUniversityofChicago.He seemed{{U}}?3?{{/U}}bythenewshewontheUSS1.3millionprize. Itcameasacompletesurprise.Iwasn’tevenawaretheywereduetomakethe announcementhesaid.??His{{U}}?4?{{/U}}ofprivacy ledtodoubtsastowhetherCoetzeewillattendtheprizegivinginStockholm SwedenonDecember10.??Butdespitebeingdescribedas{{U}}? 5?{{/U}}totrackdownthecriticsagreethathiswritingiseasytoget toknow.??Born.inCapeTownSouthAfricatoall English-speakingfamilyCoetzee{{U}}?6?{{/U}}hisbreakthroughin 1980withthenovel’WaitingfortheBarbarians.He{{U}}?7?{{/U}}his placeamongtheworld’sleadingwriterswithtwoBookerPrizevictories Britain’shighesthonourfornovels.Hefirst{{U}}?8?{{/U}}in1983 fortheLifeandTimesofMichaelK.Andhissecondtitlecamein1999for Disgrace.??AmajorthemeinhisworkisSouthAfrica’sformer apartheidsystemwhichdividedwhitesfromblacks.{{U}}?9? {{/U}}withtheproblemsofviolencecrimeandracialdivisionthatstillexistin thecountryhisbookshaveenabledordinarypeopletounderstandapartheid{{U}} ?10?{{/U}}within.??Ihavealwaysbeenmore interestedinthepastthanthefuturehesaidinarareinterview.The past{{U}}?11?{{/U}}itsshadowoverthepresent.IhopeIhavemade oneortwopeoplethink{{U}}?12?{{/U}}aboutwhethertheywantto forgetthepastcompletely.??Infacttiffspurityinhiswriting seemstobe{{U}}?13?{{/U}}inhispersonallife.Coetzeeisa vegetarianacyclistratherthanamotoristanddoesn’tdrink alcohol.??Butwhathehas{{U}}?14?{{/U}}to literaturecultureandthepeopleofSouthAfricaisfargreaterthanthe thingshehasgivenup.InlookingatweaknessandfailureinlifetheNobel prizejudgingpanelsaidCoetzee’swork{{U}}?15?{{/U}}thedivine sparkinman.??privacyn.独居不受干拢的自由??I barbariann.&adj.野蛮人的残暴的人的??Apartheidn 种族隔离;种族隔制??divineadj.神圣的??paneln. 评审小组
RegenerationofLimbs Mostpeoplewouldagreethatitwouldbewonderfulifhumanscouldregeneratelimbs.Thosewhohavelosttheirarmsorlegswouldbecompleteagain.Thedayisstillfaroffwhenthismighthappen.Butinthelast10yearsdoctorshavereportedregenerationinsmallerpartsofthebodymostoftenfingers. Regenerationisnotanewly-discoveredprocess.Forcenturiesscientistshaveseenitworkinsomekindsofanimals.Breakoffalizards蜥蜴的tailforexampleanditwillgrowanewtail.Scientistsnowarelookingforawaytoturnonthisexcitingabilityinmorehighly-developedanimalsincludinghumans.Theirexperimentsshowthatnervescellchemistryandthenaturalelectriccurrentsinthebodyallseemtohaveapartinthisprocess. Thebodyofeveryanimalcontainsgeneralpurposecellsthatchangeintowhateverkindofcellsthebodyneeds.Animalssuchasthelizardorsalamander蝾螈usethesecellstoregenerateanewtailorlegwhentheoldoneisbrokenoff.Thesecellscollectaroundthewound.Theyformamasscalledablastema胚基.Thecellsoftheblastemabegintochange.Somebecomebonecellssomemusclecellssomeskincells.Slowlyanewpartre-growsfromthebodyoutward.Whencompletedthenewpartisjustliketheoldone. Morethan200yearsagoItalianscientistLuigiSpallanzanishowedthatyoungeranimalshaveagreaterabilitytoregeneratelostpartsthanolderanimals.Sodoanimalslowerontheladderofevolutionarydevelopment.Themajordifferenceseemstobethatless-developedanimalshavemorenervesintheirtailsandlegsthanhumansdointheirarmsandlegs. Anotherhelpfulpieceofinformationwasdiscoveredinthelate1800s.Scientistsfoundthatwhenacreatureisinjuredanelectricalcurrentflowsaroundthewound.Thestrengthofthecurrentdependsonhowseverethewoundisandonhowmuchnervetissueispresent. In1945AmericanscientistMerylRosetestedanotherideaaboutregeneration.Hethoughtanewlimbmightgrowonlyfromanopenwound.DoctorRosecutoffthefrontlegsofsomefrogsbelowtheknee.Hekeptthewoundswetwithastrongsaltyliquid.Thispreventedskinfromgrowingoverthewounds.Theresultsweresurprising.Frogsdonotregeneratenewlegsnaturally.Butthesefrogsbegantogrownewlimbs.Abouthalfofeachcut-offleggrewbackagain.Newbonesandmusclesdeveloped. Thisresearchhasleddoctorstonewwaysoftreatingcut-offfingers.Doctorshaveobservedforexamplethatmanychildrenandsomeadultswillre-growthetopofafingerifthewoundisleftopen. WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?
{{*HTML*}}? ?阅读下面的短文文中有15处空白每处空白给出了4个选项请根据短文的内容从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案并填在题前的括号内 ??????? ?{{B}}ManofFewWords{{/B}}??Everyonechasessuccessbutnot allofUSwanttobefamous.??SouthAfricanwriterJohnMaxwell Coetzeeis{{U}}?1?{{/U}}forkeepinghimselftohimself.? ?Whenthe63-year-oldwasnamedthe2003NobelPrizewinnerforliterature earlierthismonthreporterswerewarnedthattheywouldfindhimparticularly difficultto{{U}}?2?{{/U}}.??Coetzeelivesin AustraliabutspendspartoftheyearteachingattheUniversityofChicago.He seemed{{U}}?3?{{/U}}bythenewshewontheUSS1.3millionprize. Itcameasacompletesurprise.Iwasn’tevenawaretheywereduetomakethe announcementhesaid.??His{{U}}?4?{{/U}}ofprivacy ledtodoubtsastowhetherCoetzeewillattendtheprizegivinginStockholm SwedenonDecember10.??Butdespitebeingdescribedas{{U}}? 5?{{/U}}totrackdownthecriticsagreethathiswritingiseasytoget toknow.??Born.inCapeTownSouthAfricatoall English-speakingfamilyCoetzee{{U}}?6?{{/U}}hisbreakthroughin 1980withthenovel’WaitingfortheBarbarians.He{{U}}?7?{{/U}}his placeamongtheworld’sleadingwriterswithtwoBookerPrizevictories Britain’shighesthonourfornovels.Hefirst{{U}}?8?{{/U}}in1983 fortheLifeandTimesofMichaelK.Andhissecondtitlecamein1999for Disgrace.??AmajorthemeinhisworkisSouthAfrica’sformer apartheidsystemwhichdividedwhitesfromblacks.{{U}}?9? {{/U}}withtheproblemsofviolencecrimeandracialdivisionthatstillexistin thecountryhisbookshaveenabledordinarypeopletounderstandapartheid{{U}} ?10?{{/U}}within.??Ihavealwaysbeenmore interestedinthepastthanthefuturehesaidinarareinterview.The past{{U}}?11?{{/U}}itsshadowoverthepresent.IhopeIhavemade oneortwopeoplethink{{U}}?12?{{/U}}aboutwhethertheywantto forgetthepastcompletely.??Infacttiffspurityinhiswriting seemstobe{{U}}?13?{{/U}}inhispersonallife.Coetzeeisa vegetarianacyclistratherthanamotoristanddoesn’tdrink alcohol.??Butwhathehas{{U}}?14?{{/U}}to literaturecultureandthepeopleofSouthAfricaisfargreaterthanthe thingshehasgivenup.InlookingatweaknessandfailureinlifetheNobel prizejudgingpanelsaidCoetzee’swork{{U}}?15?{{/U}}thedivine sparkinman.??privacyn.独居不受干拢的自由??I barbariann.&adj.野蛮人的残暴的人的??Apartheidn 种族隔离;种族隔制??divineadj.神圣的??paneln. 评审小组
TheGeneIndustry Majorcompaniesarealreadyinpursuitofcommercialapplicationsofthenewbiology.Theydreamofplacingenzymesintheautomobiletomonitorexhaustandsenddataonpollutiontoamicroprocessorthatwillthenadjusttheengine.TheyspeakofwhattheNewYorkTimescallsmetal—hungrymicrobesthatmightbeusedtominevaluabletracemetalsfromoceanwater.Theyhavealreadydemandedandwontherighttopatentnewlifeforms. Nervouscriticsincludingmanyscientistsworrythatthereiscorporatenationalinternationalandinter-scientificrivalryintheentirebiotechnologicalfield.Theycreateimagesnotofoilspillsbutofmicrobespillsthatcouldspreaddiseaseanddestroyentirepopulations.Thecreationandaccidentalreleaseofextremelypoisonousmicrobeshoweverisonlyonecauseforalarm.Completelyrationalandrespectablescientistsaretalkingaboutpossibilitiesthatstaggertheimagination. Shouldwebreedpeoplewithcow-likestomachssotheycandigestgrassandhaytherebyrelievingthefoodproblembymodifyingustoeatlowerdownonthefoodchain?Shouldwebiologicallyalterworkerstofitthejobrequirementforexamplecreatingpilotswithfasterreactiontimesorassembly-lineworkersdesignedtodoourmonotonousworkforus?Shouldweattempttoeliminateinferiorpeopleandbreedasuper-race?Hitlertriedthisbutwithoutthegeneticweaponrythatmaysoonissuefromourlaboratories.Shouldweproducesoldierstodoourfighting?Shouldweusegeneticforecastingtopre-eliminateunfitbabies?Shouldwegrowreserveorgansforourselveseachofushavingasitwereasavingsbankfullofsparekidneyliversorhands? Wildasthesenotionsmaysoundeveryonehasitsadvocatesandopposersinthescientificcommunityaswellasitsstrikingcommercialapplication.AstwocriticsofgeneticengineeringJeremyRifkinandTedHowardstateintheirbookWhoShouldPlayGod?BroadScalegeneticengineeringwillprobablybeintroducedtoAmericamuchthesamewayasassemblylinesautomobilesvaccinescomputersandalltheothertechnologies.Aseachnewgeneticadvancebecomescommerciallypracticalanewconsumerneedwillbeexploitedandamarketforthenewtechnologywillbecreated. AccordingtothepassageHitlerattemptedto______.
FluShotsOrNot? ItsoundedlikeagoodideawhenNewYorkCity’’smayorRudollphGiulianiadvisedNewYorkersrecentlytogetaflushot.Afterall20000Americanseachyeardieofinfluenza.Andthisyearinparticularthemayorsuggestedgettingaflushotmightbeanespeciallygoodideasinceitcouldhelpdoctorsdistinguishbetweenfluandthedeadlyinhalational吸入的formofanthrax炭疽.How?Bothanthraxandfluexhibitstrikinglysimilarsymptoms—feverchillsandmuscleaches—intheearlydaysoftheinfection.Physicianswouldbequicktosuspectanthraxinanyonewhowasvaccinated接种疫苗againstfluandstilldevelopedfeverandchills.Thatwouldgivethemabetterchancetoidentifyanynewvictimsofterrorwhiletheirinfectionwasstillinitsearliestmosttreatablestages. Orsothemayor’’sreasoningwent.Unfortunatelythereareacoupleofproblemswithhislogic.Foronethinggettingvaccinatedagainstinfluenzadoesn’tguaranteeyouwontgetsick.Althoughhighlyeffectivethefluvaccine疫苗protectsagainstonlythedominanttypesofthediseaseandeventhendoesnotprovide100%protection.Ittakesacoupleofweeksforyourbodytorespondtothevaccinewithasufficientnumberofantibodies抗体.EachyearthousandsofAmericanswhogetthevaccineneverthelessstillgettheflu. Therearealsoplentyofreasonsyoumightdevelopfeverchillsandmuscleachesthathavenothingtodowitheitheranthraxorflu.Indeeddoctorsestimatethatmorethan80%ofallflulikeillnesseseachwinterarecausedbyothergroupsofviruses.Gettingvaccinatedagainstflucantprotectyouagainstsufferingfromtheseotherillnesses. Intheworstcaseaskingallhealthyadultstogetvaccinatedcouldactuallyhavetheoppositeeffecttotheoneintendedleadingtoevenmoredeathsifitmeanswerunoutofshotsforthosewhoaremostvulnerabletotheinfection.Alreadytherehavebeendelaysingettingthisyear’’sshipmentofvaccinetoclinicsanddoctors’’offices.Thosewhoshouldbeatthefrontofthelineincludefolkswhoare65oroldernursing-homeresidentsandadultsandchildrenwithchronichealthproblemsaswellasanyonewhocaresfororliveswithsuchpeople.FlushotsarealsoimportantformenandwomenwhoseimmunesystemisweakenedbyHIV艾滋病病毒orotherconditions. Thebestreasontogetthefluvaccineisthatitprotectsagainstmostflus—notthatyou’’reworriedaboutgettinganthrax.Whileinhalationalanthraxhaskilledonlyfivepeoplesofarmanymorecouldbeatriskfromflu-relatedcomplications.There’’snoneedtoworsenthetragedybymakingthisyear’’sinfluenzaepidemicanyworse. QuiteafewNewYorkerstooktheirmayor’srecentadviceandgotaflushot.
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