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Vitaminsareanotheressentialrequirementforhealth.ThereareaboutflortyknownvitaminslintthemostgenerallyreferredtoareABCDandE.DeficiencyofVitaminAfoundincarrotsrose-hips玫瑰果liveretc.isallegedtoaffectthevisionandtheskinandreduceresistancetoinfection.VitaminCpresentinnearlyallfruitparticularlyorangesandothercitrusfruit柑橘属水果hascometoberegardedasparticularlyeffectiveinthepreventipnofcoldandlowenergystates.
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SolarPowerwithoutSolarCells AdramaticandsurprisingmagneticeffectoflightdiscoveredbyUniversityofMichigan1researcherscouldleadtosolarpowerwithouttraditionalsemiconductor-basedsolarcells. Theresearchersfoundawaytomakeanoptical51saidStephenRandaprofessorinthedepartmentsofElectricalEngineeringandComputerSciencePhysicsandAppliedPhysics. Lighthaselectricandmagnetic52.Untilnowscientiststhoughttheeffectofthemagneticfieldweresoweakthattheycouldbe53.WhatRandandhiscolleaguesfoundisthatattherightintensitywhenlightistravelingthroughamaterialthatdoesnot54electricitythelightfieldcangeneratemagneticeffectsthatare100milliontimesstrongerthanpreviouslyexpected.Underthesecircumstancesthemagneticeffectsdevelopstrength55toastrongelectriceffect. ThiscouldleadtoanewkindofsolarcellwithoutsemiconductorsandwithoutabsorptiontoproducechargeseparationRandsaid.Insolarcellsthe56goesintoamaterialgetsabsorbedandcreatesheat.Hereweexpecttohaveaverylowheatload2.Insteadofthelightbeingabsorbedenergyisstoredinthemagneticmoment3.Intensemagnetizationcanbeinducedbyintenselightandthenitisultimatelycapableofprovidingacapacitivepower57WhatmakesthispossibleisapreviouslyundetectedbrandofopticalrectificationsaysWilliamFisheradoctoralstudentinappliedphysics.Intraditionalopticalrectificationlight’selectricfieldcausesachargeseparationorapulling58ofthepositiveandnegativechargesinamaterial.Thissetsupavoltagesimilarto59inabattery. RandandFisherfoundthatundertherightcircumstancesandinrighttypesofmaterialsthelight’smagneticfieldcanalsocreateopticalrectification.Thelightmustbeshonethrougha60thatdoesnotconductelectricitysuchasglass.Anditmustbefocusedtoanintensityof10millionwattspersquarecentimeter8.Sunlightisn’tthis61onitsownbutnewmaterialsarebeingsoughtthatwouldworkatlowerintensitiesFishersaid. Inourmostrecentpaperweshowthatincoherentlight9likesunlightistheoreticallyalmost62effectiveinproducingchargeseparationaslaserlightisFishersaid. Thisnew63couldmakesolarpowercheapertheresearcherssay.Theypredictthatwithimprovedmaterialstheycouldachieve10percentefficiencyinconvertingsolarpowertouseableenergy.That’sequivalenttotoday’scommercial-gradesolarcells. Tomanufacturemodemsolarcellsyouhavetodo64semiconductorprocessingFishersaid.Allwewouldneedarelensestofocusthelightandafibertoguideit.Glassworksfor65.It’salreadymadeinbulkanditdoesn’trequireasmuchprocessing.Transparentceramicsmightbeevenbetter.
SolarPowerwithoutSolarCells AdramaticandsurprisingmagneticeffectoflightdiscoveredbyUniversityofMichigan1researcherscouldleadtosolarpowerwithouttraditionalsemiconductor-basedsolarcells. Theresearchersfoundawaytomakeanoptical51saidStephenRandaprofessorinthedepartmentsofElectricalEngineeringandComputerSciencePhysicsandAppliedPhysics. Lighthaselectricandmagnetic52.Untilnowscientiststhoughttheeffectofthemagneticfieldweresoweakthattheycouldbe53.WhatRandandhiscolleaguesfoundisthatattherightintensitywhenlightistravelingthroughamaterialthatdoesnot54electricitythelightfieldcangeneratemagneticeffectsthatare100milliontimesstrongerthanpreviouslyexpected.Underthesecircumstancesthemagneticeffectsdevelopstrength55toastrongelectriceffect. ThiscouldleadtoanewkindofsolarcellwithoutsemiconductorsandwithoutabsorptiontoproducechargeseparationRandsaid.Insolarcellsthe56goesintoamaterialgetsabsorbedandcreatesheat.Hereweexpecttohaveaverylowheatload2.Insteadofthelightbeingabsorbedenergyisstoredinthemagneticmoment3.Intensemagnetizationcanbeinducedbyintenselightandthenitisultimatelycapableofprovidingacapacitivepower57WhatmakesthispossibleisapreviouslyundetectedbrandofopticalrectificationsaysWilliamFisheradoctoralstudentinappliedphysics.Intraditionalopticalrectificationlight’selectricfieldcausesachargeseparationorapulling58ofthepositiveandnegativechargesinamaterial.Thissetsupavoltagesimilarto59inabattery. RandandFisherfoundthatundertherightcircumstancesandinrighttypesofmaterialsthelight’smagneticfieldcanalsocreateopticalrectification.Thelightmustbeshonethrougha60thatdoesnotconductelectricitysuchasglass.Anditmustbefocusedtoanintensityof10millionwattspersquarecentimeter8.Sunlightisn’tthis61onitsownbutnewmaterialsarebeingsoughtthatwouldworkatlowerintensitiesFishersaid. Inourmostrecentpaperweshowthatincoherentlight9likesunlightistheoreticallyalmost62effectiveinproducingchargeseparationaslaserlightisFishersaid. Thisnew63couldmakesolarpowercheapertheresearcherssay.Theypredictthatwithimprovedmaterialstheycouldachieve10percentefficiencyinconvertingsolarpowertouseableenergy.That’sequivalenttotoday’scommercial-gradesolarcells. Tomanufacturemodemsolarcellsyouhavetodo64semiconductorprocessingFishersaid.Allwewouldneedarelensestofocusthelightandafibertoguideit.Glassworksfor65.It’salreadymadeinbulkanditdoesn’trequireasmuchprocessing.Transparentceramicsmightbeevenbetter.
第三篇 SmallButWise OnDecember14NASA1blastedasmallbutmightytelescopeintospace.ThetelescopeiscalledWISEandisaboutaswidearoundasatrashcan.Don’tletitssmallsizefoolyou:WISEhasapowerfuldigitalcameraanditwillbetakingpicturesofsomethewildestobjects2intheknownuniverseincludingasteroidsfaintstarsblazinggalaxies3andgiantcloudsofdustwhereplanetsandstarsareborn. I’mveryexcitedbecausewe’regoingtobeseeingpartsoftheuniversethatwehaven’tseenbeforesaidNedWrightascientistwhodirectstheWISEproject. SincearrivinginspacetheWISEtelescopehasbeencirclingtheEarthheldbygravityinapolarorbit4thismeansitcrossesclosetothenorthandsouthpoleswitheachlap5.ItscameraispointedoutwardawayfromtheEarthandWISEwillsnapapictureofadifferentpartoftheskyevery11minutes.Aftersixmonthsitwillhavetakenpicturesacrosstheentiresky. ThepicturestakenbyWISEwon’tbelikeeverydaydigitalphotographshowever.WISEstandsforWide-fieldInfraredSurveyExplorer.AsitsnamesuggeststheWISEcameratakespicturesoffeaturesthatgiveoffinfraredradiation6. Radiationisenergythattravelsasawave.Visiblelightincludingthefamiliarspectrumoflight7thatbecomesvisibleinarainbowisanexampleofradiation.Whenanordinarydigitalcameratakesapictureofatreeforexampleitreceivesthewavesofvisiblelightthatarereflectedoffthetree.Whenthesewavesenterthecamerathroughthelensthey’reprocessedbythecamerawhichthenputstheimagetogether. Wavesofinfraredradiationarelongerthanwavesofvisiblelightsoordinarydigitalcamerasdon’tseethemandneitherdotheeyesofhumanbeings.Althoughinvisibletotheeyelongerinfraredradiationcanbedetectedaswarmthbytheskin. That’sakeyideatowhyWISEwillbeabletoseethingsothertelescopescan’t.Noteverythingintheuniverseshowsupinvisiblelight.Asteroidsforexamplearegiantrocksthatfloatthroughspace—buttheyabsorbmostofthelightthatreachesthem.Theydon’treflectlightsothey’redifficulttosee.ButtheydogiveoffinfraredradiationsoaninfraredtelescopelikeWISEwillbeabletoproduceimagesofthem.DuringitsmissionWISEwilltakepicturesofhundredsofthousandsofasteroids. Browndwarfs8areanotherkindofdeep-spaceobjectthatwillshowupinWISE’spictures.Theseobjectsarefailedstars—whichmeanstheyarenotmassiveenoughtojumpstart9thesamekindofreactionsthatpowerstarssuchasthesun.Insteadbrowndwarfssimplyshrinkandcooldown.They’resodimthatthey’realmostimpossibletoseewithvisiblelightbutintheinfraredspectrumtheyglow. Itistruethatinfraredradiation.
SincethenCashhasfocusedherpracticeonvideo-gameandInternetaddictiontreatingpatientswhousetheirelectronicmediasoobsessivelythattheystopsleepingandeatingproperlyruinrelationshipswithlovedonessufferrepetitiveuseinjuriessuchaseyestrainandcarpaltunnelsyndromeanddevelopdepressionandanxietyamongotherthings.Cash’sprivatepracticeislocatedinRedmondWash.thehomeofMicrosoft--notanentirelysurprisinghubofcompulsiveInternetandvideo-gameuseshesays.IndeedtheSeattle--Tacomaareaisthenation’s13thlargestmediamarketandhasthehighestlevelofInternetuseinthecountry;accordingtoarecentstudymorethan45%ofadultsinthearearegularlyplayvideogames.There’snothingwrongwiththistechnologysaysCashwhoiscarefultonotethatit’snotthemediumthatistoblamebutratherthelackofeducationaboutit.It’sallinhowit’susedWhichofthefollowingisnotasymptomofvideo-gameandInternetaddictionaccordingtoCash
SolarPowerwithoutSolarCells AdramaticandsurprisingmagneticeffectoflightdiscoveredbyUniversityofMichigan1researcherscouldleadtosolarpowerwithouttraditionalsemiconductor-basedsolarcells. Theresearchersfoundawaytomakeanoptical51saidStephenRandaprofessorinthedepartmentsofElectricalEngineeringandComputerSciencePhysicsandAppliedPhysics. Lighthaselectricandmagnetic52.Untilnowscientiststhoughttheeffectofthemagneticfieldweresoweakthattheycouldbe53.WhatRandandhiscolleaguesfoundisthatattherightintensitywhenlightistravelingthroughamaterialthatdoesnot54electricitythelightfieldcangeneratemagneticeffectsthatare100milliontimesstrongerthanpreviouslyexpected.Underthesecircumstancesthemagneticeffectsdevelopstrength55toastrongelectriceffect. ThiscouldleadtoanewkindofsolarcellwithoutsemiconductorsandwithoutabsorptiontoproducechargeseparationRandsaid.Insolarcellsthe56goesintoamaterialgetsabsorbedandcreatesheat.Hereweexpecttohaveaverylowheatload2.Insteadofthelightbeingabsorbedenergyisstoredinthemagneticmoment3.Intensemagnetizationcanbeinducedbyintenselightandthenitisultimatelycapableofprovidingacapacitivepower57WhatmakesthispossibleisapreviouslyundetectedbrandofopticalrectificationsaysWilliamFisheradoctoralstudentinappliedphysics.Intraditionalopticalrectificationlight’selectricfieldcausesachargeseparationorapulling58ofthepositiveandnegativechargesinamaterial.Thissetsupavoltagesimilarto59inabattery. RandandFisherfoundthatundertherightcircumstancesandinrighttypesofmaterialsthelight’smagneticfieldcanalsocreateopticalrectification.Thelightmustbeshonethrougha60thatdoesnotconductelectricitysuchasglass.Anditmustbefocusedtoanintensityof10millionwattspersquarecentimeter8.Sunlightisn’tthis61onitsownbutnewmaterialsarebeingsoughtthatwouldworkatlowerintensitiesFishersaid. Inourmostrecentpaperweshowthatincoherentlight9likesunlightistheoreticallyalmost62effectiveinproducingchargeseparationaslaserlightisFishersaid. Thisnew63couldmakesolarpowercheapertheresearcherssay.Theypredictthatwithimprovedmaterialstheycouldachieve10percentefficiencyinconvertingsolarpowertouseableenergy.That’sequivalenttotoday’scommercial-gradesolarcells. Tomanufacturemodemsolarcellsyouhavetodo64semiconductorprocessingFishersaid.Allwewouldneedarelensestofocusthelightandafibertoguideit.Glassworksfor65.It’salreadymadeinbulkanditdoesn’trequireasmuchprocessing.Transparentceramicsmightbeevenbetter.
Thesecasesmaysoundextremebutbeingfiredorlaidoffisundeniablyoneoflife’sbiggestblowsandcanleadtoclinicaldepressionviolenceandalcoholabuseaswellasstrokesandheartattacks.Eventhefearoflosingajobproducesmoredoctorvisitsandhealthworries.Inshorttherecentnewsaboutrisingunemploymentandjobinsecuritymaybebadnewsforourhealth.BeinglaidoffmayleadtoallthefollowingEXCEPT
AlexanderisthefirstpatientatthenewlyopenedRESTARTavideo-gameandInternetaddictionrecoveryprograminFallCityWash.about30mileseastofSeattle.It’shardtoimagineAlexandernowmerrilygivingatourofthewoodsyfacilitygluedtoacomputergameformorethan16hoursadaybuthesaysItwasprettymuchallIwasdoingwhen1wasincollege.WhereisRESTARTlocated
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