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Before you fall in love, you’d better get a job As told by Lee Joon-ho, 20, a senior in law at Seou...
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Supposeyouhaveeverything:agoodjobgoodhealthgoodrel
DearMomMother’sDayiscoming.I’msorrythatIwasabroada
---Wheredidyoufallinlovewithheratfirstsight?---___
That
There
It
This
—WouldyouliketogoforawalkwithmeAllen?—I'dloveto___
until
before
if
after
—WouldyouliketogoforawalkwithmeAllen?—I’dloveto___
until
before
if
after
Ifwewanttodealwiththeassociation社交betweenboysandgi
Ifwewanttodealwiththeassociation社交betweenboysandgi
Ifwewanttodealwiththeassociation社交betweenboysandgi
Don’teatthefoodthathasgonebadotherwiseyouwill_____
fall ill
fall silent
fall asleep
fall in love
Yousayyoudon’tbelieveinmarriagebutIbetyousingadiff
fall in love
get along
are connected
are pleased
Ifyouwanttodealwiththeassociation交往betweenboysandg
Ifwewanttogetonwellwithboysandgirlsproperlyhereare
Ifwewanttodealwiththeassociation社交betweenboysandgi
阅读理解根据短文的内容从A.B.C.D.四个选项中选择一个最佳答案Ifwewanttodealwit
Ifwewanttodealwiththeassociation社交betweenboysandgi
Ifwewanttodealwiththeassociation社交betweenboysandgi
—Whendidyoumeetandfallinlovewiththebeautifulgirl?—
when
that
which
since
阅读理解DearBasketballAndsoIran.Iranupanddowneveryplay
阅读理解根据短文的内容从A.B.C.D.四个选项中选择一个最佳答案Ifwewanttodealwit
Ifyou________yourdiettroublewillfollow.
swap
fall in love with
dislike
ignore
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A.Kripke’sresearchtoolB.DangersofhabitualshortagesofsleepC.CriticismonKripke’sreportD.AwayofovercominginsomniaE.SleepproblemsoflongandshortsleepersF.ClassificationofsleepproblemsParagraph6______
E-commerceTheterme-commercereferstoallcommercialtransactionsconductedovertheInternetincludingtransactionsbyconsumersandbusiness-to-businesstransactions.Conceptuallye-commercedoesnot51fromwell-knowncommercialofferingssuchasbankingbyphonemailordercatalogsorsendingapurchaseordertosupplier52fax.E-commercefollowsthesamemodel53inotherbusinesstransactions;thedifference54inthedetails.Toaconsumerthemostvisibleformofe-commerceconsists55onlineordering.Acustomerbeginswithacatalogofpossibleitems56anitemarrangesaformofpaymentand57anorder.Insteadofaphysicalcataloge-commercearrangesforcatalogstobe58ontheInternet.Insteadofsendinganorderonpaperorbytelephonee-commercearrangesfororderstobesent59acomputernetwork.Finallyinsteadofsendingapaperrepresentationofpaymentsuchasachecke-commerce60onetosendpaymentinformationelectronically.Inthedecade611993e-commercegrewfroman62novelty新奇事物toamainstreambusinessinfluence.In1993few63hadawebpageand64ahandfulallowedonetoorderproductsorservicesonline.Tenyears65bothlargeandsmallbusinesseshadwebpagesandmostprovideduserswiththeopportunitytoplaceanorder.Besidesmanybanksaddedonlineaccessandonlinebankingandbillpayingbecamewidespread.MoreimportantlythevalueofgoodsandservicesacquiredovertheInternetgrewdramaticallyafter1997.
Thefoodisinsufficientforthreepeople.
TatooJack’sfriendTonyhadrecentlygottenatatoo文身andJackwassoimpressedbyTony’sbraveryandhistatoothathedecidedtogetonetoo.WhydoalotofyoungpeopleinNorthAmericagettatoostodayPeerpressuremediainfluenceandpersonalexpressionaresomeofthecommonreasons.Thedesiretobepartofagrouptobeacceptedbyone’sfriendsorpeerscanhaveagreatinfluenceonwhatapersondoes.Sometimeswearingatatoocanbeasignthatyoubelongtoacertaingroup.Gangsoftenusespecialclothesandtatoostoidentifytheirparticulargroup.ForexampleinonegangallthemembersmayweargreenarmyjacketsandhavelargeXstatooedontheirarms.Itisnotonlygangsthathavethistypeofspecialuniform.Youngpeopleoftenbelongtoacertaingroupoffriends.Someofthesegroupswearonlybrand-nameclothes.Othersweartatoos.Whenaperson’sfriendsarealldoingsomethingsuchasgettingatatoothatpersonismorelikelytodothesamethingandgetatatootoo.ThemediaisanotherbiginfluencebehindthepopularityoftatoosinNorthAmerica.Awidevarietyofmediaimagesshowtatoos.Tatooscanbeseenonpeopleappearingincommercialssellingexpensivecars.Famoussportsheroeswithtatoosareshowninmagazines.FashionmodelsareoftenseeninmagazinesandonTVwearingdesignerclothesthatshowtheirbodiestatooedwithdetailedandcolorfulpatterns.Thesemediaimageslinktatoostoideasofwealthsuccessandstatus.Asaresultmanypeopledecidetogetatatooforitsfashionandstatusvalue.Itisnotalwaystheinfluenceofotherpeopleorthemediathatresultsinapersongettingatatoo.Manypeopledecidetoweartatoosinordertoexpresstheirartisticnaturetheirbeliefsortheirfeelingsinotherwordstoshowtheirindividuality.Amusicianinarockbandmaygetatatooofaguitaronthearm.Someenvironmentalistsmaytatoopicturesofendangeredanimalsontheirshoulders.Loversmaytatooeachothers’namesovertheirhearts.Atatoocanbeapublicsigntoshowwhatisimportantinaperson’slife.Whichofthefollowinggroupsofpeopleareseenwearingtatoosinthemedia
E-commerceTheterme-commercereferstoallcommercialtransactionsconductedovertheInternetincludingtransactionsbyconsumersandbusiness-to-businesstransactions.Conceptuallye-commercedoesnot51fromwell-knowncommercialofferingssuchasbankingbyphonemailordercatalogsorsendingapurchaseordertosupplier52fax.E-commercefollowsthesamemodel53inotherbusinesstransactions;thedifference54inthedetails.Toaconsumerthemostvisibleformofe-commerceconsists55onlineordering.Acustomerbeginswithacatalogofpossibleitems56anitemarrangesaformofpaymentand57anorder.Insteadofaphysicalcataloge-commercearrangesforcatalogstobe58ontheInternet.Insteadofsendinganorderonpaperorbytelephonee-commercearrangesfororderstobesent59acomputernetwork.Finallyinsteadofsendingapaperrepresentationofpaymentsuchasachecke-commerce60onetosendpaymentinformationelectronically.Inthedecade611993e-commercegrewfroman62novelty新奇事物toamainstreambusinessinfluence.In1993few63hadawebpageand64ahandfulallowedonetoorderproductsorservicesonline.Tenyears65bothlargeandsmallbusinesseshadwebpagesandmostprovideduserswiththeopportunitytoplaceanorder.Besidesmanybanksaddedonlineaccessandonlinebankingandbillpayingbecamewidespread.MoreimportantlythevalueofgoodsandservicesacquiredovertheInternetgrewdramaticallyafter1997.
MergersThemostcommonkindofconsolidationtodayisthemerger.Amergeroccurs46.Withthederegulationofnaturalgasthenation’s20interstatepipelinecompaniesbecamefearfulofcutthroatcompetition.Somefeltthattheycouldincreasetheirefficiencyandimprovetheirmarketflexibilitybymerging.In1985InternorthofOmahapaid$2.3billionforHoustonNaturalGasCorporation47.Thesystemconnectedmarketsfromcoasttocoastandraisedsalesto$10billion.Onoccasionmergershaveoccurredbetweensmallercompaniesinanindustrydominatedbyafewgiantfirms.Thesesmallercompaniesclaimthattheyneedtomergetobecomemoreefficientandeffectiveincompetingagainstthebiggestcorporations.Theymaintainthatsuchactionincreasescompetitioninsteadofreducingit.TheAntitrustDivisionoftheJusticeDepartmenthasnotalwaysagreedwiththem.Fourmajorwavesofmergershavetakenplaceinthiscountry.Thefirststartedin1887justpriortothepassageoftheShermanAntitrustActandendedin1904.ItinvolvedsuchgiantsasUnitedStatesSteelandStandardOiltryingtocreatemonopoliesintheirindustries.FromtheendofWorldWarIuntilthe1930slargefirmsswallowedsmallerfirmstocreateoligopolies.Themonopolyhadnochanceandtheoligopolylittlechanceofsucceedingtodayunderpresentantitrustpolicy.Thethirdmajormergermovementbeganinthe1960sreachedapeakin196948.Manyoftheacquisitionsinvolvedgiantfirmsinoneindustrybuyinguplargecompaniesintotallyunrelatedindustries.Suchmergersarecalledconglomeratemergers.AclassicexampleisMobilOilCorporation’spurchaseofthehugeretailchainMontgomeryWard&Company.Mergersinthelasttenyearswereinthethousands.Moreimportantisthevalueofthetransactionswhichhasrisensharply.Thenumberofmergersandacquisitionsapply49.Thepetroleumindustryhadmergersandacquisitionsvaluedatclosedto$80billionbetween1981and1984.Otherindustries50werebankingandfinanceinsuranceminingandmineralprocessedfoods.A.therebygainingcontroloftheworld’slongestpipelineB.andthengraduallydeclinedC.experiencinglargetakeoversD.resultingincombinationsofsmallfirmsE.onlytothosevaluedat$100millionormoreF.whentwoormorecompaniesgettogethertoformonecompany
MergersThemostcommonkindofconsolidationtodayisthemerger.Amergeroccurs46.Withthederegulationofnaturalgasthenation’s20interstatepipelinecompaniesbecamefearfulofcutthroatcompetition.Somefeltthattheycouldincreasetheirefficiencyandimprovetheirmarketflexibilitybymerging.In1985InternorthofOmahapaid$2.3billionforHoustonNaturalGasCorporation47.Thesystemconnectedmarketsfromcoasttocoastandraisedsalesto$10billion.Onoccasionmergershaveoccurredbetweensmallercompaniesinanindustrydominatedbyafewgiantfirms.Thesesmallercompaniesclaimthattheyneedtomergetobecomemoreefficientandeffectiveincompetingagainstthebiggestcorporations.Theymaintainthatsuchactionincreasescompetitioninsteadofreducingit.TheAntitrustDivisionoftheJusticeDepartmenthasnotalwaysagreedwiththem.Fourmajorwavesofmergershavetakenplaceinthiscountry.Thefirststartedin1887justpriortothepassageoftheShermanAntitrustActandendedin1904.ItinvolvedsuchgiantsasUnitedStatesSteelandStandardOiltryingtocreatemonopoliesintheirindustries.FromtheendofWorldWarIuntilthe1930slargefirmsswallowedsmallerfirmstocreateoligopolies.Themonopolyhadnochanceandtheoligopolylittlechanceofsucceedingtodayunderpresentantitrustpolicy.Thethirdmajormergermovementbeganinthe1960sreachedapeakin196948.Manyoftheacquisitionsinvolvedgiantfirmsinoneindustrybuyinguplargecompaniesintotallyunrelatedindustries.Suchmergersarecalledconglomeratemergers.AclassicexampleisMobilOilCorporation’spurchaseofthehugeretailchainMontgomeryWard&Company.Mergersinthelasttenyearswereinthethousands.Moreimportantisthevalueofthetransactionswhichhasrisensharply.Thenumberofmergersandacquisitionsapply49.Thepetroleumindustryhadmergersandacquisitionsvaluedatclosedto$80billionbetween1981and1984.Otherindustries50werebankingandfinanceinsuranceminingandmineralprocessedfoods.A.therebygainingcontroloftheworld’slongestpipelineB.andthengraduallydeclinedC.experiencinglargetakeoversD.resultingincombinationsofsmallfirmsE.onlytothosevaluedat$100millionormoreF.whentwoormorecompaniesgettogethertoformonecompany
E-commerceTheterme-commercereferstoallcommercialtransactionsconductedovertheInternetincludingtransactionsbyconsumersandbusiness-to-businesstransactions.Conceptuallye-commercedoesnot51fromwell-knowncommercialofferingssuchasbankingbyphonemailordercatalogsorsendingapurchaseordertosupplier52fax.E-commercefollowsthesamemodel53inotherbusinesstransactions;thedifference54inthedetails.Toaconsumerthemostvisibleformofe-commerceconsists55onlineordering.Acustomerbeginswithacatalogofpossibleitems56anitemarrangesaformofpaymentand57anorder.Insteadofaphysicalcataloge-commercearrangesforcatalogstobe58ontheInternet.Insteadofsendinganorderonpaperorbytelephonee-commercearrangesfororderstobesent59acomputernetwork.Finallyinsteadofsendingapaperrepresentationofpaymentsuchasachecke-commerce60onetosendpaymentinformationelectronically.Inthedecade611993e-commercegrewfroman62novelty新奇事物toamainstreambusinessinfluence.In1993few63hadawebpageand64ahandfulallowedonetoorderproductsorservicesonline.Tenyears65bothlargeandsmallbusinesseshadwebpagesandmostprovideduserswiththeopportunitytoplaceanorder.Besidesmanybanksaddedonlineaccessandonlinebankingandbillpayingbecamewidespread.MoreimportantlythevalueofgoodsandservicesacquiredovertheInternetgrewdramaticallyafter1997.
E-commerceTheterme-commercereferstoallcommercialtransactionsconductedovertheInternetincludingtransactionsbyconsumersandbusiness-to-businesstransactions.Conceptuallye-commercedoesnot51fromwell-knowncommercialofferingssuchasbankingbyphonemailordercatalogsorsendingapurchaseordertosupplier52fax.E-commercefollowsthesamemodel53inotherbusinesstransactions;thedifference54inthedetails.Toaconsumerthemostvisibleformofe-commerceconsists55onlineordering.Acustomerbeginswithacatalogofpossibleitems56anitemarrangesaformofpaymentand57anorder.Insteadofaphysicalcataloge-commercearrangesforcatalogstobe58ontheInternet.Insteadofsendinganorderonpaperorbytelephonee-commercearrangesfororderstobesent59acomputernetwork.Finallyinsteadofsendingapaperrepresentationofpaymentsuchasachecke-commerce60onetosendpaymentinformationelectronically.Inthedecade611993e-commercegrewfroman62novelty新奇事物toamainstreambusinessinfluence.In1993few63hadawebpageand64ahandfulallowedonetoorderproductsorservicesonline.Tenyears65bothlargeandsmallbusinesseshadwebpagesandmostprovideduserswiththeopportunitytoplaceanorder.Besidesmanybanksaddedonlineaccessandonlinebankingandbillpayingbecamewidespread.MoreimportantlythevalueofgoodsandservicesacquiredovertheInternetgrewdramaticallyafter1997.
TheColdPlacesTheArcticisapolarregion.ItsurroundstheNorthPole.LikeAntarcticatheArcticisalandoficeandsnow.Antarcticaholdstherecordforalowtemperaturereading125Fahrenheitbelowzero.Readingsof85degreesbelowzeroarecommoninboththeArcticandAntarctica.Wintertemperaturesaverage30degreesbelowzerointheArctic.AttheSouthPolethewinterisabout73degreesbelowzero.OnethingalonemakesitalmostimpossibleformentoliveinAntarcticaandinpartsoftheArctic.ThisonethingisthelowtemperaturethekillingchillofthefarNorthandthepolarSouth.Tosurvivemenmustwearthewarmestpossibleclothing.Theymustbuildwindproofshelters.Theymustkeepheatersgoingatalltimes.Notevenformomentcantheybeunprotectedagainstthebelow-zerotemperature.Menhaveawayofprovidingforthemselves.Polarexplorerswrapthemselvesinwarmcoatsandfurs.Thecoldmakeslifedifficult.Buttheexplorerscanstayalive.WhataboutanimalsCantheysurvive’DowefindplantsDowefindlifeintheArcticandtheAntarcticaYeswedo.Thereislifeintheoceans.Thereislifeonland.Antarcticaaswehaveseenisacoldplaceindeed.Butthishasnotalwaysbeenthecase.ExpeditionscientistshavediscoveredthatAntarcticamayhavebeenmuchlikeourown.ExploreshavediscoveredcoalinAntarctica.ThisleadsthemtobelievethatAntarcticaatonetimewasalandofswampsandforests.Heatandmoisturemusthavekeptthetreesintheforestsalive.AtonetimetheweatherinAntarcticawassowarmanddampthattreesgrewthere.
Butintheendheapprovedofourproposal.
Hiskidneywasgiventohisdaughtersoastosaveherlife.
E-commerceTheterme-commercereferstoallcommercialtransactionsconductedovertheInternetincludingtransactionsbyconsumersandbusiness-to-businesstransactions.Conceptuallye-commercedoesnot51fromwell-knowncommercialofferingssuchasbankingbyphonemailordercatalogsorsendingapurchaseordertosupplier52fax.E-commercefollowsthesamemodel53inotherbusinesstransactions;thedifference54inthedetails.Toaconsumerthemostvisibleformofe-commerceconsists55onlineordering.Acustomerbeginswithacatalogofpossibleitems56anitemarrangesaformofpaymentand57anorder.Insteadofaphysicalcataloge-commercearrangesforcatalogstobe58ontheInternet.Insteadofsendinganorderonpaperorbytelephonee-commercearrangesfororderstobesent59acomputernetwork.Finallyinsteadofsendingapaperrepresentationofpaymentsuchasachecke-commerce60onetosendpaymentinformationelectronically.Inthedecade611993e-commercegrewfroman62novelty新奇事物toamainstreambusinessinfluence.In1993few63hadawebpageand64ahandfulallowedonetoorderproductsorservicesonline.Tenyears65bothlargeandsmallbusinesseshadwebpagesandmostprovideduserswiththeopportunitytoplaceanorder.Besidesmanybanksaddedonlineaccessandonlinebankingandbillpayingbecamewidespread.MoreimportantlythevalueofgoodsandservicesacquiredovertheInternetgrewdramaticallyafter1997.
TheColdPlacesTheArcticisapolarregion.ItsurroundstheNorthPole.LikeAntarcticatheArcticisalandoficeandsnow.Antarcticaholdstherecordforalowtemperaturereading125Fahrenheitbelowzero.Readingsof85degreesbelowzeroarecommoninboththeArcticandAntarctica.Wintertemperaturesaverage30degreesbelowzerointheArctic.AttheSouthPolethewinterisabout73degreesbelowzero.OnethingalonemakesitalmostimpossibleformentoliveinAntarcticaandinpartsoftheArctic.ThisonethingisthelowtemperaturethekillingchillofthefarNorthandthepolarSouth.Tosurvivemenmustwearthewarmestpossibleclothing.Theymustbuildwindproofshelters.Theymustkeepheatersgoingatalltimes.Notevenformomentcantheybeunprotectedagainstthebelow-zerotemperature.Menhaveawayofprovidingforthemselves.Polarexplorerswrapthemselvesinwarmcoatsandfurs.Thecoldmakeslifedifficult.Buttheexplorerscanstayalive.WhataboutanimalsCantheysurvive’DowefindplantsDowefindlifeintheArcticandtheAntarcticaYeswedo.Thereislifeintheoceans.Thereislifeonland.Antarcticaaswehaveseenisacoldplaceindeed.Butthishasnotalwaysbeenthecase.ExpeditionscientistshavediscoveredthatAntarcticamayhavebeenmuchlikeourown.ExploreshavediscoveredcoalinAntarctica.ThisleadsthemtobelievethatAntarcticaatonetimewasalandofswampsandforests.Heatandmoisturemusthavekeptthetreesintheforestsalive.Despitethehostileenvironmentbothanimalsandplantscanbefoundintheoceansandonlandinpolarareas.
ProblemsofAnxietyTrainingasmental-healthprofessionalsissupposedtobecolorblind.Thatsoundsfinebutinpracticeitmeansthatpeoplefromblackandethnicgroupsgetanunfairtreatmentbecausetheirparticularproblemsareseldomacknowledged.SoaprojectwaspilotedinvolvingBangladeshiwomenininner-cityLondonmostofwhommigratedtotheU.K.inthe1960sand1970sfromaruralbackground.Manyofthesewomenturnedtotheirdoctorswithcommonsymptomsofanxietysuchasheadachessleepingdifficultieslossofappetiteandlackofenergy.TheywereusuallyprescribedtranquillizersorevenVitaminC.Sincetheunderlyingcausesremainedthewomenvisitedtheirdoctorswithincreasingfrequencyandsomewerereferredontomental-healthprofessionals.ThepsychologistswantedtoseehownormalWesternapproachestoanxietyproblemsmightworkwhenappliedacrosscultures.Howevertheyfoundthatmanythingsinthestandardapproachhadtobechanged.Theyhadtotranslatemanyoftheusualexamplestheywouldnormallycomparelearningtorelaxwithlearningtodriveforinstancewhichwouldnothavebeenculturallyappropriate.Atfirsttheyaskedthewomentorateonascaleonetotentheeffectofrelaxationontheirlevelofanxiety.Theyfoundnumbersanoddwayofexpressinghowtheywerefeeling.Sopsychologistsshiftedtheirfocustowordsandtalkedoffivestagesformverygoodtoverybad.Asitwasapilotprojecttherewereshortcomings.Psychologistslookedfortoolittleback-upanddidnotcollectasmuchobjectivedataastheymighthavedonewithawhitegroup.TheyfellintothewhitestereotypeofassumingthatBangladeshiwomenwouldfindtheuseofvariouschecklistsandwrittenrecordsforeign.Perhapsracismhasconditionedtheprofessionalstoagreaterextentthantheyexpected.PsychologistsfoundthatusingaWesternmodelacrosscultureshaspotential.Butitneedspoliticalfinancialandpersonalcommitment.TheBangladeshiwomencontinuedtovisittheirdoctorsbecause______.
Themusicwasalittleloudbutexceptthatitwasagreatconcert.
A.fallasleepagain.B.becomemoreenergeticthefollowingdayC.sleeplessthan7hoursD.confirmthoseseriousconsequencesE.suffersleepproblemsF.sleepmorethan8hoursLongsleepersarereportedtobemorelikelyto______.
TheColdPlacesTheArcticisapolarregion.ItsurroundstheNorthPole.LikeAntarcticatheArcticisalandoficeandsnow.Antarcticaholdstherecordforalowtemperaturereading125Fahrenheitbelowzero.Readingsof85degreesbelowzeroarecommoninboththeArcticandAntarctica.Wintertemperaturesaverage30degreesbelowzerointheArctic.AttheSouthPolethewinterisabout73degreesbelowzero.OnethingalonemakesitalmostimpossibleformentoliveinAntarcticaandinpartsoftheArctic.ThisonethingisthelowtemperaturethekillingchillofthefarNorthandthepolarSouth.Tosurvivemenmustwearthewarmestpossibleclothing.Theymustbuildwindproofshelters.Theymustkeepheatersgoingatalltimes.Notevenformomentcantheybeunprotectedagainstthebelow-zerotemperature.Menhaveawayofprovidingforthemselves.Polarexplorerswrapthemselvesinwarmcoatsandfurs.Thecoldmakeslifedifficult.Buttheexplorerscanstayalive.WhataboutanimalsCantheysurvive’DowefindplantsDowefindlifeintheArcticandtheAntarcticaYeswedo.Thereislifeintheoceans.Thereislifeonland.Antarcticaaswehaveseenisacoldplaceindeed.Butthishasnotalwaysbeenthecase.ExpeditionscientistshavediscoveredthatAntarcticamayhavebeenmuchlikeourown.ExploreshavediscoveredcoalinAntarctica.ThisleadsthemtobelievethatAntarcticaatonetimewasalandofswampsandforests.Heatandmoisturemusthavekeptthetreesintheforestsalive.TheArcticandAntarcticaarenoman’slandsbecauseoftheirnotoriouscoldness.
ProblemsofAnxietyTrainingasmental-healthprofessionalsissupposedtobecolorblind.Thatsoundsfinebutinpracticeitmeansthatpeoplefromblackandethnicgroupsgetanunfairtreatmentbecausetheirparticularproblemsareseldomacknowledged.SoaprojectwaspilotedinvolvingBangladeshiwomenininner-cityLondonmostofwhommigratedtotheU.K.inthe1960sand1970sfromaruralbackground.Manyofthesewomenturnedtotheirdoctorswithcommonsymptomsofanxietysuchasheadachessleepingdifficultieslossofappetiteandlackofenergy.TheywereusuallyprescribedtranquillizersorevenVitaminC.Sincetheunderlyingcausesremainedthewomenvisitedtheirdoctorswithincreasingfrequencyandsomewerereferredontomental-healthprofessionals.ThepsychologistswantedtoseehownormalWesternapproachestoanxietyproblemsmightworkwhenappliedacrosscultures.Howevertheyfoundthatmanythingsinthestandardapproachhadtobechanged.Theyhadtotranslatemanyoftheusualexamplestheywouldnormallycomparelearningtorelaxwithlearningtodriveforinstancewhichwouldnothavebeenculturallyappropriate.Atfirsttheyaskedthewomentorateonascaleonetotentheeffectofrelaxationontheirlevelofanxiety.Theyfoundnumbersanoddwayofexpressinghowtheywerefeeling.Sopsychologistsshiftedtheirfocustowordsandtalkedoffivestagesformverygoodtoverybad.Asitwasapilotprojecttherewereshortcomings.Psychologistslookedfortoolittleback-upanddidnotcollectasmuchobjectivedataastheymighthavedonewithawhitegroup.TheyfellintothewhitestereotypeofassumingthatBangladeshiwomenwouldfindtheuseofvariouschecklistsandwrittenrecordsforeign.Perhapsracismhasconditionedtheprofessionalstoagreaterextentthantheyexpected.PsychologistsfoundthatusingaWesternmodelacrosscultureshaspotential.Butitneedspoliticalfinancialandpersonalcommitment.Whathasledtothefailureofthemental-healthprofessionals’collectingsufficientdata
TatooJack’sfriendTonyhadrecentlygottenatatoo文身andJackwassoimpressedbyTony’sbraveryandhistatoothathedecidedtogetonetoo.WhydoalotofyoungpeopleinNorthAmericagettatoostodayPeerpressuremediainfluenceandpersonalexpressionaresomeofthecommonreasons.Thedesiretobepartofagrouptobeacceptedbyone’sfriendsorpeerscanhaveagreatinfluenceonwhatapersondoes.Sometimeswearingatatoocanbeasignthatyoubelongtoacertaingroup.Gangsoftenusespecialclothesandtatoostoidentifytheirparticulargroup.ForexampleinonegangallthemembersmayweargreenarmyjacketsandhavelargeXstatooedontheirarms.Itisnotonlygangsthathavethistypeofspecialuniform.Youngpeopleoftenbelongtoacertaingroupoffriends.Someofthesegroupswearonlybrand-nameclothes.Othersweartatoos.Whenaperson’sfriendsarealldoingsomethingsuchasgettingatatoothatpersonismorelikelytodothesamethingandgetatatootoo.ThemediaisanotherbiginfluencebehindthepopularityoftatoosinNorthAmerica.Awidevarietyofmediaimagesshowtatoos.Tatooscanbeseenonpeopleappearingincommercialssellingexpensivecars.Famoussportsheroeswithtatoosareshowninmagazines.FashionmodelsareoftenseeninmagazinesandonTVwearingdesignerclothesthatshowtheirbodiestatooedwithdetailedandcolorfulpatterns.Thesemediaimageslinktatoostoideasofwealthsuccessandstatus.Asaresultmanypeopledecidetogetatatooforitsfashionandstatusvalue.Itisnotalwaystheinfluenceofotherpeopleorthemediathatresultsinapersongettingatatoo.Manypeopledecidetoweartatoosinordertoexpresstheirartisticnaturetheirbeliefsortheirfeelingsinotherwordstoshowtheirindividuality.Amusicianinarockbandmaygetatatooofaguitaronthearm.Someenvironmentalistsmaytatoopicturesofendangeredanimalsontheirshoulders.Loversmaytatooeachothers’namesovertheirhearts.Atatoocanbeapublicsigntoshowwhatisimportantinaperson’slife.Thebesttitleforthispassageis______.
Tomfeltsohappythathebrokeintosong.
A.fallasleepagain.B.becomemoreenergeticthefollowingdayC.sleeplessthan7hoursD.confirmthoseseriousconsequencesE.suffersleepproblemsF.sleepmorethan8hoursOnesurveyshowedthatpeoplewhohabitually______eachnighthaveahigherriskofdying.
A.Kripke’sresearchtoolB.DangersofhabitualshortagesofsleepC.CriticismonKripke’sreportD.AwayofovercominginsomniaE.SleepproblemsoflongandshortsleepersF.ClassificationofsleepproblemsParagraph4______
TatooJack’sfriendTonyhadrecentlygottenatatoo文身andJackwassoimpressedbyTony’sbraveryandhistatoothathedecidedtogetonetoo.WhydoalotofyoungpeopleinNorthAmericagettatoostodayPeerpressuremediainfluenceandpersonalexpressionaresomeofthecommonreasons.Thedesiretobepartofagrouptobeacceptedbyone’sfriendsorpeerscanhaveagreatinfluenceonwhatapersondoes.Sometimeswearingatatoocanbeasignthatyoubelongtoacertaingroup.Gangsoftenusespecialclothesandtatoostoidentifytheirparticulargroup.ForexampleinonegangallthemembersmayweargreenarmyjacketsandhavelargeXstatooedontheirarms.Itisnotonlygangsthathavethistypeofspecialuniform.Youngpeopleoftenbelongtoacertaingroupoffriends.Someofthesegroupswearonlybrand-nameclothes.Othersweartatoos.Whenaperson’sfriendsarealldoingsomethingsuchasgettingatatoothatpersonismorelikelytodothesamethingandgetatatootoo.ThemediaisanotherbiginfluencebehindthepopularityoftatoosinNorthAmerica.Awidevarietyofmediaimagesshowtatoos.Tatooscanbeseenonpeopleappearingincommercialssellingexpensivecars.Famoussportsheroeswithtatoosareshowninmagazines.FashionmodelsareoftenseeninmagazinesandonTVwearingdesignerclothesthatshowtheirbodiestatooedwithdetailedandcolorfulpatterns.Thesemediaimageslinktatoostoideasofwealthsuccessandstatus.Asaresultmanypeopledecidetogetatatooforitsfashionandstatusvalue.Itisnotalwaystheinfluenceofotherpeopleorthemediathatresultsinapersongettingatatoo.Manypeopledecidetoweartatoosinordertoexpresstheirartisticnaturetheirbeliefsortheirfeelingsinotherwordstoshowtheirindividuality.Amusicianinarockbandmaygetatatooofaguitaronthearm.Someenvironmentalistsmaytatoopicturesofendangeredanimalsontheirshoulders.Loversmaytatooeachothers’namesovertheirhearts.Atatoocanbeapublicsigntoshowwhatisimportantinaperson’slife.Jackgotatatoobecauseof______.
Thestrongstormdidlotsofdamagetothiscostalvillage:severalfishingboatsweredestroyedandmanyhousescollapsed.
E-commerceTheterme-commercereferstoallcommercialtransactionsconductedovertheInternetincludingtransactionsbyconsumersandbusiness-to-businesstransactions.Conceptuallye-commercedoesnot51fromwell-knowncommercialofferingssuchasbankingbyphonemailordercatalogsorsendingapurchaseordertosupplier52fax.E-commercefollowsthesamemodel53inotherbusinesstransactions;thedifference54inthedetails.Toaconsumerthemostvisibleformofe-commerceconsists55onlineordering.Acustomerbeginswithacatalogofpossibleitems56anitemarrangesaformofpaymentand57anorder.Insteadofaphysicalcataloge-commercearrangesforcatalogstobe58ontheInternet.Insteadofsendinganorderonpaperorbytelephonee-commercearrangesfororderstobesent59acomputernetwork.Finallyinsteadofsendingapaperrepresentationofpaymentsuchasachecke-commerce60onetosendpaymentinformationelectronically.Inthedecade611993e-commercegrewfroman62novelty新奇事物toamainstreambusinessinfluence.In1993few63hadawebpageand64ahandfulallowedonetoorderproductsorservicesonline.Tenyears65bothlargeandsmallbusinesseshadwebpagesandmostprovideduserswiththeopportunitytoplaceanorder.Besidesmanybanksaddedonlineaccessandonlinebankingandbillpayingbecamewidespread.MoreimportantlythevalueofgoodsandservicesacquiredovertheInternetgrewdramaticallyafter1997.
E-commerceTheterme-commercereferstoallcommercialtransactionsconductedovertheInternetincludingtransactionsbyconsumersandbusiness-to-businesstransactions.Conceptuallye-commercedoesnot51fromwell-knowncommercialofferingssuchasbankingbyphonemailordercatalogsorsendingapurchaseordertosupplier52fax.E-commercefollowsthesamemodel53inotherbusinesstransactions;thedifference54inthedetails.Toaconsumerthemostvisibleformofe-commerceconsists55onlineordering.Acustomerbeginswithacatalogofpossibleitems56anitemarrangesaformofpaymentand57anorder.Insteadofaphysicalcataloge-commercearrangesforcatalogstobe58ontheInternet.Insteadofsendinganorderonpaperorbytelephonee-commercearrangesfororderstobesent59acomputernetwork.Finallyinsteadofsendingapaperrepresentationofpaymentsuchasachecke-commerce60onetosendpaymentinformationelectronically.Inthedecade611993e-commercegrewfroman62novelty新奇事物toamainstreambusinessinfluence.In1993few63hadawebpageand64ahandfulallowedonetoorderproductsorservicesonline.Tenyears65bothlargeandsmallbusinesseshadwebpagesandmostprovideduserswiththeopportunitytoplaceanorder.Besidesmanybanksaddedonlineaccessandonlinebankingandbillpayingbecamewidespread.MoreimportantlythevalueofgoodsandservicesacquiredovertheInternetgrewdramaticallyafter1997.
TheBodyClockWhyisitthatflyingtoNewYorkfromLondonwillleaveyoufeelinglesstiredthanflyingtoLondonfromNewYorkTheanswermaybeaclearcaseofbiologynotbeingabletokeepupwithtechnology.Deepinsidethebrainthereisaclockthatgovernseveryaspectofthebody’sfunctioning:sleepandwakecycleslevelsofalertnessperformancemoodhormonelevelsdigestionbodytemperatureandsoon.Itregulatesallofthesefunctionsona24-hourbasisandiscalledthebiologicalclock.Thebodyclockprogramsustobesleepytwiceadaybetween3-5amandagainbetween3-5pm.Afternoonteaandnapareallculturalresponsestoournaturalbiologicalsleepinessintheafternoon.Oneofthemajorcausesofthetravelers’maladyknownasjetlagisthenon-alignmentofaperson’sinternalbodyclockwithclocksintheexternalworld.Crossingdifferenttimezonesconfusesthebiologicalclockwhichthenhastoadjusttothenewtimeandpatternsoflightandactivity.Tomakemattersmorecomplexnotallinternalbodyfunctionsadjustatthesamerate.Soyoursleep/wakemayadjusttoanewtimezoneatoneratewhileyourtemperatureadjustsatadifferentpace.Yourdigestionmaybeonadifferentschedulealtogether.Thoughweliveina24-hourdaythenaturaltendencyofthebodyclockistoextendourdaybeyond24hours.Itiscontrarytoourbiologicalprogrammingtoshrinkourday.Thatiswhytravelinginawestwarddirectionismorebody-clockfriendlythanflyingeast.NASAstudiesoflonghaulpilotsshowedthatwestwardtravelwasassociatedwithsignificantlybettersleepquantityandqualitythaneastwardflights.Whenflyingwestyouareextendingyourdaythustravelinginthenaturaldirectionofyourinternalclock.Flyingeastwardwillinvolveshrinkingorreducingyourdayandisindirectoppositiontoyourinternalclock’snaturaltendency.Oneofthemorecommoncomplaintsoftravelersisthattheirsleepbecomesdisrupted.Therearemanyreasonsforthis:changingtimezonesandscheduleschanginglightandactivitylevelstryingtosleepwhenyourbodyclockisprogrammedtobeawakedisruptionoftheinternalbiologicalclockandworkinglongerhours.Itisoftensuggestedthatyouadjustyourwatchassoonasyouboardaplanesupposedlytotrytohelpyouadjusttoyourdestination’sscheduleassoonasyouarrive.Butitcantakethebodyclockseveraldaystoseveralweekstofullyadjusttoanewtimezone.Soourbodyclocktrulycangovernus.ThewordmaladyinParagraph4isclosestinmeaningto______.
MergersThemostcommonkindofconsolidationtodayisthemerger.Amergeroccurs46.Withthederegulationofnaturalgasthenation’s20interstatepipelinecompaniesbecamefearfulofcutthroatcompetition.Somefeltthattheycouldincreasetheirefficiencyandimprovetheirmarketflexibilitybymerging.In1985InternorthofOmahapaid$2.3billionforHoustonNaturalGasCorporation47.Thesystemconnectedmarketsfromcoasttocoastandraisedsalesto$10billion.Onoccasionmergershaveoccurredbetweensmallercompaniesinanindustrydominatedbyafewgiantfirms.Thesesmallercompaniesclaimthattheyneedtomergetobecomemoreefficientandeffectiveincompetingagainstthebiggestcorporations.Theymaintainthatsuchactionincreasescompetitioninsteadofreducingit.TheAntitrustDivisionoftheJusticeDepartmenthasnotalwaysagreedwiththem.Fourmajorwavesofmergershavetakenplaceinthiscountry.Thefirststartedin1887justpriortothepassageoftheShermanAntitrustActandendedin1904.ItinvolvedsuchgiantsasUnitedStatesSteelandStandardOiltryingtocreatemonopoliesintheirindustries.FromtheendofWorldWarIuntilthe1930slargefirmsswallowedsmallerfirmstocreateoligopolies.Themonopolyhadnochanceandtheoligopolylittlechanceofsucceedingtodayunderpresentantitrustpolicy.Thethirdmajormergermovementbeganinthe1960sreachedapeakin196948.Manyoftheacquisitionsinvolvedgiantfirmsinoneindustrybuyinguplargecompaniesintotallyunrelatedindustries.Suchmergersarecalledconglomeratemergers.AclassicexampleisMobilOilCorporation’spurchaseofthehugeretailchainMontgomeryWard&Company.Mergersinthelasttenyearswereinthethousands.Moreimportantisthevalueofthetransactionswhichhasrisensharply.Thenumberofmergersandacquisitionsapply49.Thepetroleumindustryhadmergersandacquisitionsvaluedatclosedto$80billionbetween1981and1984.Otherindustries50werebankingandfinanceinsuranceminingandmineralprocessedfoods.A.therebygainingcontroloftheworld’slongestpipelineB.andthengraduallydeclinedC.experiencinglargetakeoversD.resultingincombinationsofsmallfirmsE.onlytothosevaluedat$100millionormoreF.whentwoormorecompaniesgettogethertoformonecompany
TheBodyClockWhyisitthatflyingtoNewYorkfromLondonwillleaveyoufeelinglesstiredthanflyingtoLondonfromNewYorkTheanswermaybeaclearcaseofbiologynotbeingabletokeepupwithtechnology.Deepinsidethebrainthereisaclockthatgovernseveryaspectofthebody’sfunctioning:sleepandwakecycleslevelsofalertnessperformancemoodhormonelevelsdigestionbodytemperatureandsoon.Itregulatesallofthesefunctionsona24-hourbasisandiscalledthebiologicalclock.Thebodyclockprogramsustobesleepytwiceadaybetween3-5amandagainbetween3-5pm.Afternoonteaandnapareallculturalresponsestoournaturalbiologicalsleepinessintheafternoon.Oneofthemajorcausesofthetravelers’maladyknownasjetlagisthenon-alignmentofaperson’sinternalbodyclockwithclocksintheexternalworld.Crossingdifferenttimezonesconfusesthebiologicalclockwhichthenhastoadjusttothenewtimeandpatternsoflightandactivity.Tomakemattersmorecomplexnotallinternalbodyfunctionsadjustatthesamerate.Soyoursleep/wakemayadjusttoanewtimezoneatoneratewhileyourtemperatureadjustsatadifferentpace.Yourdigestionmaybeonadifferentschedulealtogether.Thoughweliveina24-hourdaythenaturaltendencyofthebodyclockistoextendourdaybeyond24hours.Itiscontrarytoourbiologicalprogrammingtoshrinkourday.Thatiswhytravelinginawestwarddirectionismorebody-clockfriendlythanflyingeast.NASAstudiesoflonghaulpilotsshowedthatwestwardtravelwasassociatedwithsignificantlybettersleepquantityandqualitythaneastwardflights.Whenflyingwestyouareextendingyourdaythustravelinginthenaturaldirectionofyourinternalclock.Flyingeastwardwillinvolveshrinkingorreducingyourdayandisindirectoppositiontoyourinternalclock’snaturaltendency.Oneofthemorecommoncomplaintsoftravelersisthattheirsleepbecomesdisrupted.Therearemanyreasonsforthis:changingtimezonesandscheduleschanginglightandactivitylevelstryingtosleepwhenyourbodyclockisprogrammedtobeawakedisruptionoftheinternalbiologicalclockandworkinglongerhours.Itisoftensuggestedthatyouadjustyourwatchassoonasyouboardaplanesupposedlytotrytohelpyouadjusttoyourdestination’sscheduleassoonasyouarrive.Butitcantakethebodyclockseveraldaystoseveralweekstofullyadjusttoanewtimezone.Soourbodyclocktrulycangovernus.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedasareasonforthedisruptedsleepoftravelers
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