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{{*HTML*}}{{B}}第二篇{{/B}} ??????? ????????{{B}}Importanceof Services{{/B}}??TheUnitedStateshasmovedbeyondtheindustrial economystagetothepointwhereithasbecometheworld’sfirstservice economy.Almostthreefourthsofthenon-farmlaborforceisemployedinservice industriesandovertwo-thirdsofthenation’sgrossnationalproductis accountedforbyservices.Alsoservicejobstypicallyholdupbetterduringa recessionthandojobsinindustriesproducingtangiblegoods.? ?Duringthe20-yearperiodof1966to1986about36millionnewjobswere createdintheUnitedStates—farmorethaninJapanandWesternEurope combined.About90percentofthesejobswereinserviceindustries.During thissametimespansome22millionwomenjoinedthelaborforce—and97per centofthesewomenwenttoworkintheservicesector.Theseemploymenttrends areexpectedtocontinueatleastuntiltheyear2000.Fortheperiod1986—2000 theBureauofLaborStatisticspredictsthatover21millionnewjobswillbe createdand93percentofthemwillbeinserviceindustries.? ?Moreovermostofthisexplosivegrowthinservicesemploymentisnotin low—payingjobscontrarytothebeliefsofmanyeconomistsbusinessand laborleadersandpoliticians.Thesepeoplearguethatmanufacturingjobs whichhavebeentheeconomicfoundationofAmerica’smiddleclassare vanishing.Theyclaimthatfactoryworkersarebeingreplacedwithahostof low-wageearners.Itistruethatmanufacturingjobshavedeclinedwithmanyof themgoingtoforeigncountries.Itisalsotruethattherehasbeengrowthin somelow-payingservicejobs.Yetcooksandcounterpeoplestillrepresentonly 1percentoftheUSlaborforcetoday.Furthermoreformanyyearsthe fastest-growingoccupationalcategoryhasbeenprofessionaltechnicaland relatedwork.Thesejobspaywellabovetheaverageandmostareinservice industries.??Aboutone-halfofconsumerexpendituresareforthe purchaseofservices.Projectionstotheyear2000indicatethatserviceswill attractallevenlargershareofconsumerspending.Adrawbackoftheservice economyboomisthatthepricesofmostserviceshavebeengoingupata considerablyfasterratethanthepricesofmosttangibleproducts.Youare undoubtedlyawareofthisifyouhavehadyourcarorTVsetrepairedhadyour shoeshalf-soledorpaidamedicalbillinrecentyears.??When wesaythatservicesaccountforclosetoone-halfofconsumerexpenditureswe stillgrosslyunderstatetheeconomicimportanceofservices.Thesefiguresdo notincludethevastamountsspentforbusinessservices.Byallindications spendingforbusinessserviceshasincreasedevenmorerapidlythanspendingfor consumerservices.??grossnationalproduct国民生产总值略作 GNP??tangiblegoods有形商品??drawbackn.缺点; 不利条件Manyeconomistsbusinessandlaborleadersandpoliticiansbelievethat______.
{{*HTML*}} ?????????? ????????{{B}}Writing{{/B}}? ?Likefinefoodgoodwritingissomethingweapproachwithpleasureand enjoyfromthefirsttastetothelast.{{U}}?1?{{/U}}Quitethe contraryjustasthecookhastoundergoanintensivetrainingmasteringthe skillsofhistradethewritermustsitathisdeskanddevotelonghoursto achievingastyleinhiswritingwhateveritspurpose-schoolworkmattersof businessorpurelysocialcommunication.{{U}}?2?{{/U}}? ?Therearestillsomeremoteplacesintheworldwhereyoumightfind someonetodoyourbusinessorsocialwritingforyouforafee.Therearea fewmangerswhoareluckyenoughtohavetheserviceofthatrarekindof secretarywhocantakecareofallsortsofletterwritingwithnomorethana quicknotetoworkfrom.{{U}}?3?{{/U}}??Wehaveto writeschoolpapersbusinesspapersorhomepapers.Weareconstantlycalledon toputwordstopaper.Itwouldbedifficulttocountthenumberofsuchwords messageslettersandreportsputtothemailsordeliveredbyhandbutthe dailyfiguremustbeenormous.{{U}}?4?{{/U}}Wewanttoarouseandhold theinterestofreaders.Wewantwhateverwewritetobereadfromfirstword tolastnotthrownintosomeletters-to-be-readfileorintoawastepaper basket.{{U}}?5?{{/U}}??A.Butformostofusifthere isanywritingtobedonewehavetodoitourselves.??B. Howeverthemanagersmaysometimescausethewritersalotof trouble.??C.Anygoodwriterslikegoodcooksdonotsuddenly appearfull-blown成熟的.??D.Whatismoreeveryonewhowrites expectsoratleasthopesthathiswritingwillberead.??E. Thisisthemasonwebendoureffortstowardlearningandpracticingtheskills ofinterestingeffectivewriting.??F.Youmaybesurethatthe greatertheeffortthemoreeffectivethewritingandthemore rewarding.
{{*HTML*}}{{B}}第二篇{{/B}} ??????? ????????{{B}}Importanceof Services{{/B}}??TheUnitedStateshasmovedbeyondtheindustrial economystagetothepointwhereithasbecometheworld’sfirstservice economy.Almostthreefourthsofthenon-farmlaborforceisemployedinservice industriesandovertwo-thirdsofthenation’sgrossnationalproductis accountedforbyservices.Alsoservicejobstypicallyholdupbetterduringa recessionthandojobsinindustriesproducingtangiblegoods.? ?Duringthe20-yearperiodof1966to1986about36millionnewjobswere createdintheUnitedStates—farmorethaninJapanandWesternEurope combined.About90percentofthesejobswereinserviceindustries.During thissametimespansome22millionwomenjoinedthelaborforce—and97per centofthesewomenwenttoworkintheservicesector.Theseemploymenttrends areexpectedtocontinueatleastuntiltheyear2000.Fortheperiod1986—2000 theBureauofLaborStatisticspredictsthatover21millionnewjobswillbe createdand93percentofthemwillbeinserviceindustries.? ?Moreovermostofthisexplosivegrowthinservicesemploymentisnotin low—payingjobscontrarytothebeliefsofmanyeconomistsbusinessand laborleadersandpoliticians.Thesepeoplearguethatmanufacturingjobs whichhavebeentheeconomicfoundationofAmerica’smiddleclassare vanishing.Theyclaimthatfactoryworkersarebeingreplacedwithahostof low-wageearners.Itistruethatmanufacturingjobshavedeclinedwithmanyof themgoingtoforeigncountries.Itisalsotruethattherehasbeengrowthin somelow-payingservicejobs.Yetcooksandcounterpeoplestillrepresentonly 1percentoftheUSlaborforcetoday.Furthermoreformanyyearsthe fastest-growingoccupationalcategoryhasbeenprofessionaltechnicaland relatedwork.Thesejobspaywellabovetheaverageandmostareinservice industries.??Aboutone-halfofconsumerexpendituresareforthe purchaseofservices.Projectionstotheyear2000indicatethatserviceswill attractallevenlargershareofconsumerspending.Adrawbackoftheservice economyboomisthatthepricesofmostserviceshavebeengoingupata considerablyfasterratethanthepricesofmosttangibleproducts.Youare undoubtedlyawareofthisifyouhavehadyourcarorTVsetrepairedhadyour shoeshalf-soledorpaidamedicalbillinrecentyears.??When wesaythatservicesaccountforclosetoone-halfofconsumerexpenditureswe stillgrosslyunderstatetheeconomicimportanceofservices.Thesefiguresdo notincludethevastamountsspentforbusinessservices.Byallindications spendingforbusinessserviceshasincreasedevenmorerapidlythanspendingfor consumerservices.??grossnationalproduct国民生产总值略作 GNP??tangiblegoods有形商品??drawbackn.缺点; 不利条件ThefirstparagraphintendstotellUSthat______.
{{*HTML*}} ?????????? ????????{{B}}Hurricanes 龙卷风{{/B}}??Didyouknowthatbefore1950hurricaneshadno names?Theyweresimplygivennumbers.ThefirstnamesweresimplyAlphaBravo Charlieetc.butin1953femalesnamesweregivenbecauseofthe unpredictability不可预知factorofthestorms.In1979realizingthesexist 性别歧视的natureofsuchnamesthelistswereexpandedtoincludebothmenand women.??Hurricanesandtyphoons台风arethesamethings.Ifthey formintheAtlanticwecallthesestrongstormshurricanesfromtheWest Indianwordhurricanemeaningbigwind.AndiftheyarePacificstormsthey arecalledtyphoonsfromtheChinesetaifunmeaninggreatwind.Tobe classifiedasahurricanethestormmusthavemaximumwindsofatleast75mph. Thesestormsarebigmanyhundredsofmilesindiameter.? ?Hurricanesgettheirpowerfromwatervaporasitgivesoutitsstored-up energy.Allwatervaporgivesoutheatasitcondenses凝结fromagaseousstate toaliquidstateoverfixedpointsontheequator赤道.Tomakeahurricane youmusthaveextremelywetwarmairthekindofairthatcanonlybefoundin tropicalregion.??Scientistshavedeterminedthattheheatgiven outintheprocessofwatercondensationcanbeashighas95billionkilowatts perhour.Injustonedayalonethestormcanproducemoreenergythanmany industrializednationsneedinanentireyear!Theproblemisthatwedon’tknow howtomakesuresuchgreatenergyworkforus.??Predictingthe pathofahurricaneisoneofthemostdifficulttasksforforecasters.Itmoves atatypicalspeedof15mph.Butnotalways.Somestormsmayraceattwicethis speedthensuddenlystopandremaininthesamelocationforseveraldays.It canbemaddening发疯的ifyouliveinacoastalareathatmaybehit.? ?Thebiggestadvanceinearlydetectioniscontinuouswatchfromweather satellites.Withthesewecanseethestormsformandtrackthemfullyfrom birthtodeath.Whiletheycanstillkillpeopleanddestroyproperty hurricaneswillneversurpriseanynationagain.Paragraph?4______
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{{*HTML*}} ?????????? ????????{{B}}Hurricanes 龙卷风{{/B}}??Didyouknowthatbefore1950hurricaneshadno names?Theyweresimplygivennumbers.ThefirstnamesweresimplyAlphaBravo Charlieetc.butin1953femalesnamesweregivenbecauseofthe unpredictability不可预知factorofthestorms.In1979realizingthesexist 性别歧视的natureofsuchnamesthelistswereexpandedtoincludebothmenand women.??Hurricanesandtyphoons台风arethesamethings.Ifthey formintheAtlanticwecallthesestrongstormshurricanesfromtheWest Indianwordhurricanemeaningbigwind.AndiftheyarePacificstormsthey arecalledtyphoonsfromtheChinesetaifunmeaninggreatwind.Tobe classifiedasahurricanethestormmusthavemaximumwindsofatleast75mph. Thesestormsarebigmanyhundredsofmilesindiameter.? ?Hurricanesgettheirpowerfromwatervaporasitgivesoutitsstored-up energy.Allwatervaporgivesoutheatasitcondenses凝结fromagaseousstate toaliquidstateoverfixedpointsontheequator赤道.Tomakeahurricane youmusthaveextremelywetwarmairthekindofairthatcanonlybefoundin tropicalregion.??Scientistshavedeterminedthattheheatgiven outintheprocessofwatercondensationcanbeashighas95billionkilowatts perhour.Injustonedayalonethestormcanproducemoreenergythanmany industrializednationsneedinanentireyear!Theproblemisthatwedon’tknow howtomakesuresuchgreatenergyworkforus.??Predictingthe pathofahurricaneisoneofthemostdifficulttasksforforecasters.Itmoves atatypicalspeedof15mph.Butnotalways.Somestormsmayraceattwicethis speedthensuddenlystopandremaininthesamelocationforseveraldays.It canbemaddening发疯的ifyouliveinacoastalareathatmaybehit.? ?Thebiggestadvanceinearlydetectioniscontinuouswatchfromweather satellites.Withthesewecanseethestormsformandtrackthemfullyfrom birthtodeath.Whiletheycanstillkillpeopleanddestroyproperty hurricaneswillneversurpriseanynationagain.Usingweathersatellitescanensure______ofhurricanes.
{{*HTML*}} ??????? ??????{{B}}OneGoodReasontoLetSmallpox Live{{/B}}??It’snowafairbetthatwewillneverseethetotal extinctionofthesmallpoxvirus.Theideawastocapthegloriousachievement of1980whensmallpoxwaseradicatedinthewildbydestroyingthekiller virusinthelasttwolabsthataresupposedtohaveit—oneintheUSandone inRussia.IfsmallpoxhadtrulygonefromtheplanetwhatpointWastherein keepingthesereserves???{{U}}?1?{{/U}}realityof courseitwasnaiveto{{U}}?2?{{/U}}thateveryonewouldlet{{U}} ?3?{{/U}}of?suchapotentpotentialweapon.Undoubtedlyseveral nationsstillhave{{U}}?4?{{/U}}vials.{{U}}?5?{{/U}}thelast officialstocksoflivevirusbredmistrustoftheUSandRussia{{U}}?6 ?{{/U}}noobviousgain.??NowAmericanresearchershave{{U}} ?7?{{/U}}ananimalmodelofthehumandiseaseopeningthe{{U}} ?8?{{/U}}fortestsonnewtreatmentsandvaccines.Soonceagain there’sagoodreasonto{{U}}?9?{{/U}}thevirus—justin{{U}} ?10?{{/U}}thediseaseputsinareappearance.??Howdo we{{U}}?11?{{/U}}withthemistrustoftheUSandRussia?{{U}}?12 ?{{/U}}.Keepthevirus{{U}}?13?{{/U}}internationalauspicesina well-guardedUNlaboratorythat’sopentoallcountries.TheUSwillobjectof coursejustasitrejectsamultilateralapproachtojustabouteverything.But itdoesn’t{{U}}?14?{{/U}}theideaiswrong.Ifthevirus{{U}} ?15?{{/U}}usefulthenlet’smakeittheservantofallhumanity— notjustapartofit.??smallpoxn.天花??vialn. 小瓶??auspicesn.赞助支持??capvt.结束覆盖? ?potentadj.有效力的强有力的??mistrustn. 不信任怀疑
{{*HTML*}} ??????? ??????{{B}}OneGoodReasontoLetSmallpox Live{{/B}}??It’snowafairbetthatwewillneverseethetotal extinctionofthesmallpoxvirus.Theideawastocapthegloriousachievement of1980whensmallpoxwaseradicatedinthewildbydestroyingthekiller virusinthelasttwolabsthataresupposedtohaveit—oneintheUSandone inRussia.IfsmallpoxhadtrulygonefromtheplanetwhatpointWastherein keepingthesereserves???{{U}}?1?{{/U}}realityof courseitwasnaiveto{{U}}?2?{{/U}}thateveryonewouldlet{{U}} ?3?{{/U}}of?suchapotentpotentialweapon.Undoubtedlyseveral nationsstillhave{{U}}?4?{{/U}}vials.{{U}}?5?{{/U}}thelast officialstocksoflivevirusbredmistrustoftheUSandRussia{{U}}?6 ?{{/U}}noobviousgain.??NowAmericanresearchershave{{U}} ?7?{{/U}}ananimalmodelofthehumandiseaseopeningthe{{U}} ?8?{{/U}}fortestsonnewtreatmentsandvaccines.Soonceagain there’sagoodreasonto{{U}}?9?{{/U}}thevirus—justin{{U}} ?10?{{/U}}thediseaseputsinareappearance.??Howdo we{{U}}?11?{{/U}}withthemistrustoftheUSandRussia?{{U}}?12 ?{{/U}}.Keepthevirus{{U}}?13?{{/U}}internationalauspicesina well-guardedUNlaboratorythat’sopentoallcountries.TheUSwillobjectof coursejustasitrejectsamultilateralapproachtojustabouteverything.But itdoesn’t{{U}}?14?{{/U}}theideaiswrong.Ifthevirus{{U}} ?15?{{/U}}usefulthenlet’smakeittheservantofallhumanity— notjustapartofit.??smallpoxn.天花??vialn. 小瓶??auspicesn.赞助支持??capvt.结束覆盖? ?potentadj.有效力的强有力的??mistrustn. 不信任怀疑
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{{*HTML*}} ??????? ????{{B}}WhyistheNativeLanguageLearntSo Well{{/B}}??Howdoesithappenthatchildrenlearntheirmother tonguesowell?Whenwecomparethemwithadultslearningaforeignlanguagewe oftenfindthisinterestingfact.Alittlechildwithoutknowledgeorexperience oftensucceedsinacompletemasteryofthelanguage.Agrown-uppersonwith fullydevelopedmentalpowersinmostcasemayendupwithafaultyand inexactcommand.Whataccountsforthisdifference???Despite otherexplanationstherealanswerinmyopinionliespartlyinthechild himselfpartlyinthebehaviorofthepeoplearoundhim.Inthefirstplace thetimeoflearningthemothertongueisthemostfavorableofallnamelythe firstyearsoflife.Achildhearsitspokenfrommorningtillnightandwhat ismoreimportantalwaysinitsgenuineformwiththerightpronunciation rightintonationfightuseofwordsandfightstructure.Hedrinksinallthe wordsandexpressionswhichcometohiminaflashever-bubblingspring.There isnoresistance:thereisperfectassimilation.??Thenthechild hasasitwereprivatelessonsalltheyearroundwhileanadult language-studenthaseachweekalimitednumberofhourswhichhegenerally shareswithothers.Thechildhasanotheradvantage:hehearsthelanguagein allpossiblesituationsalwaysaccompaniedbythefightkindofgesturesand facialexpressions.?Herethereisnothingunnaturalsuchasisoften foundinlanguagelessonsinschoolswhenonetalksabouticeandsnowinJune orscorchingheatinJanuary.Andwhatachildhearsisgenerallywhat immediatelyinterestshim.Againandagainwhenhisattemptsatspeechare successfulhisdesiresareunderstoodandfulfilled.??Finally thoughachild’steachersmaynothavebeentrainedinlanguageteaching theirrelationswithhimarealwayscloseandpersonal.Theytakegreatpainsto maketheirlessonseasy.Achildlearninghisnativelanguagehastheadvantageofhavingprivatelessonsalltheyearround.
{{*HTML*}} ?????????? ????????{{B}}Hurricanes 龙卷风{{/B}}??Didyouknowthatbefore1950hurricaneshadno names?Theyweresimplygivennumbers.ThefirstnamesweresimplyAlphaBravo Charlieetc.butin1953femalesnamesweregivenbecauseofthe unpredictability不可预知factorofthestorms.In1979realizingthesexist 性别歧视的natureofsuchnamesthelistswereexpandedtoincludebothmenand women.??Hurricanesandtyphoons台风arethesamethings.Ifthey formintheAtlanticwecallthesestrongstormshurricanesfromtheWest Indianwordhurricanemeaningbigwind.AndiftheyarePacificstormsthey arecalledtyphoonsfromtheChinesetaifunmeaninggreatwind.Tobe classifiedasahurricanethestormmusthavemaximumwindsofatleast75mph. Thesestormsarebigmanyhundredsofmilesindiameter.? ?Hurricanesgettheirpowerfromwatervaporasitgivesoutitsstored-up energy.Allwatervaporgivesoutheatasitcondenses凝结fromagaseousstate toaliquidstateoverfixedpointsontheequator赤道.Tomakeahurricane youmusthaveextremelywetwarmairthekindofairthatcanonlybefoundin tropicalregion.??Scientistshavedeterminedthattheheatgiven outintheprocessofwatercondensationcanbeashighas95billionkilowatts perhour.Injustonedayalonethestormcanproducemoreenergythanmany industrializednationsneedinanentireyear!Theproblemisthatwedon’tknow howtomakesuresuchgreatenergyworkforus.??Predictingthe pathofahurricaneisoneofthemostdifficulttasksforforecasters.Itmoves atatypicalspeedof15mph.Butnotalways.Somestormsmayraceattwicethis speedthensuddenlystopandremaininthesamelocationforseveraldays.It canbemaddening发疯的ifyouliveinacoastalareathatmaybehit.? ?Thebiggestadvanceinearlydetectioniscontinuouswatchfromweather satellites.Withthesewecanseethestormsformandtrackthemfullyfrom birthtodeath.Whiletheycanstillkillpeopleanddestroyproperty hurricaneswillneversurpriseanynationagain.Paragraph?2______
{{*HTML*}} ??????? ????{{B}}WhyistheNativeLanguageLearntSo Well{{/B}}??Howdoesithappenthatchildrenlearntheirmother tonguesowell?Whenwecomparethemwithadultslearningaforeignlanguagewe oftenfindthisinterestingfact.Alittlechildwithoutknowledgeorexperience oftensucceedsinacompletemasteryofthelanguage.Agrown-uppersonwith fullydevelopedmentalpowersinmostcasemayendupwithafaultyand inexactcommand.Whataccountsforthisdifference???Despite otherexplanationstherealanswerinmyopinionliespartlyinthechild himselfpartlyinthebehaviorofthepeoplearoundhim.Inthefirstplace thetimeoflearningthemothertongueisthemostfavorableofallnamelythe firstyearsoflife.Achildhearsitspokenfrommorningtillnightandwhat ismoreimportantalwaysinitsgenuineformwiththerightpronunciation rightintonationfightuseofwordsandfightstructure.Hedrinksinallthe wordsandexpressionswhichcometohiminaflashever-bubblingspring.There isnoresistance:thereisperfectassimilation.??Thenthechild hasasitwereprivatelessonsalltheyearroundwhileanadult language-studenthaseachweekalimitednumberofhourswhichhegenerally shareswithothers.Thechildhasanotheradvantage:hehearsthelanguagein allpossiblesituationsalwaysaccompaniedbythefightkindofgesturesand facialexpressions.?Herethereisnothingunnaturalsuchasisoften foundinlanguagelessonsinschoolswhenonetalksabouticeandsnowinJune orscorchingheatinJanuary.Andwhatachildhearsisgenerallywhat immediatelyinterestshim.Againandagainwhenhisattemptsatspeechare successfulhisdesiresareunderstoodandfulfilled.??Finally thoughachild’steachersmaynothavebeentrainedinlanguageteaching theirrelationswithhimarealwayscloseandpersonal.Theytakegreatpainsto maketheirlessonseasy.Sofaraslanguageteachingisconcernedtheteacher’sclosepersonalrelationshipwiththestudentismoreimportantthantheprofessionallanguageteachingtraininghehasreceived.
{{*HTML*}} ??????? ??????{{B}}OneGoodReasontoLetSmallpox Live{{/B}}??It’snowafairbetthatwewillneverseethetotal extinctionofthesmallpoxvirus.Theideawastocapthegloriousachievement of1980whensmallpoxwaseradicatedinthewildbydestroyingthekiller virusinthelasttwolabsthataresupposedtohaveit—oneintheUSandone inRussia.IfsmallpoxhadtrulygonefromtheplanetwhatpointWastherein keepingthesereserves???{{U}}?1?{{/U}}realityof courseitwasnaiveto{{U}}?2?{{/U}}thateveryonewouldlet{{U}} ?3?{{/U}}of?suchapotentpotentialweapon.Undoubtedlyseveral nationsstillhave{{U}}?4?{{/U}}vials.{{U}}?5?{{/U}}thelast officialstocksoflivevirusbredmistrustoftheUSandRussia{{U}}?6 ?{{/U}}noobviousgain.??NowAmericanresearchershave{{U}} ?7?{{/U}}ananimalmodelofthehumandiseaseopeningthe{{U}} ?8?{{/U}}fortestsonnewtreatmentsandvaccines.Soonceagain there’sagoodreasonto{{U}}?9?{{/U}}thevirus—justin{{U}} ?10?{{/U}}thediseaseputsinareappearance.??Howdo we{{U}}?11?{{/U}}withthemistrustoftheUSandRussia?{{U}}?12 ?{{/U}}.Keepthevirus{{U}}?13?{{/U}}internationalauspicesina well-guardedUNlaboratorythat’sopentoallcountries.TheUSwillobjectof coursejustasitrejectsamultilateralapproachtojustabouteverything.But itdoesn’t{{U}}?14?{{/U}}theideaiswrong.Ifthevirus{{U}} ?15?{{/U}}usefulthenlet’smakeittheservantofallhumanity— notjustapartofit.??smallpoxn.天花??vialn. 小瓶??auspicesn.赞助支持??capvt.结束覆盖? ?potentadj.有效力的强有力的??mistrustn. 不信任怀疑
{{*HTML*}}{{B}}第三篇{{/B}} ??????? ??????????? ?{{B}}Common-coldSense{{/B}}??Youcan’tbeatitbutyoudon’t havetojoinit.Maybeitgotthenamecommoncoldbecauseit’smorecommonin winter.Thefactisthoughbeingcolddoesn’thaveanythingtodowithgetting one.Coldsarecausedbythespreadofrhinovirusesandatleastsofar medicalscienceisbetterattellingyouhowtoavoidgettingonethanhowto getridofone.??Childrenarethemostcommonwaycoldviruses arespreadtoadultsbecausetheyhavemorecoldsthanadults—anaverageof abouteightperyear.Whydokidsseemsomuchmoreeasilytogetcoldsthan theirparents?Simple.Theyhaven’thadtheopportunitytobecomeimmunetomany coldviruses.??Therearemorethan150differentcoldviruses andyouneverhavethesameonetwice.Beinginfectedbyonemakesyouimmuneto it--butonlyit.??Coldsaleusuallyspreadbydirectcontactnot sneezingorcoughing.Fromanotherperson’shandtoyourhandandthentoyour noseoreyesisthemostcommonroute.Thehighestconcentrationofcoldviruses anywhereisfoundunderthethumbnailsofaboyalthoughthevirusescan surviveforhoursonskinorothersmoothsurfaces.??Hygieneis yourbestdefense.Washyourhandsfrequentlypreferablywithadisinfectant soapespeciallywhenchildreninyourhouseholdhavecolds.??But evencarefulhygienewon’twardoffeverycold.Sowhatworkswhenacoughing sneezingrunnynosestrikes???Theoldprescriptionoftwo aspirinslotsofwaterandbedrestisagoodplacetostart.Butyou’llalso findsomeofthefolkremedies..worthWing.Hotmixturesofsugarorhoney lemonandwaterhaverealbenefits.??rhinovirusn.鼻病毒? ?immuneadj.免疫的有免疫力??disinfectantn.消毒剂杀菌剂? ?prescriptionn.诀窍处方药方??sneezevi.打喷嚏? ?thumbnailn.拇指Thebestwaytokeepyourselffromgettingcoldsis______.
{{*HTML*}} ??????? ??????{{B}}OneGoodReasontoLetSmallpox Live{{/B}}??It’snowafairbetthatwewillneverseethetotal extinctionofthesmallpoxvirus.Theideawastocapthegloriousachievement of1980whensmallpoxwaseradicatedinthewildbydestroyingthekiller virusinthelasttwolabsthataresupposedtohaveit—oneintheUSandone inRussia.IfsmallpoxhadtrulygonefromtheplanetwhatpointWastherein keepingthesereserves???{{U}}?1?{{/U}}realityof courseitwasnaiveto{{U}}?2?{{/U}}thateveryonewouldlet{{U}} ?3?{{/U}}of?suchapotentpotentialweapon.Undoubtedlyseveral nationsstillhave{{U}}?4?{{/U}}vials.{{U}}?5?{{/U}}thelast officialstocksoflivevirusbredmistrustoftheUSandRussia{{U}}?6 ?{{/U}}noobviousgain.??NowAmericanresearchershave{{U}} ?7?{{/U}}ananimalmodelofthehumandiseaseopeningthe{{U}} ?8?{{/U}}fortestsonnewtreatmentsandvaccines.Soonceagain there’sagoodreasonto{{U}}?9?{{/U}}thevirus—justin{{U}} ?10?{{/U}}thediseaseputsinareappearance.??Howdo we{{U}}?11?{{/U}}withthemistrustoftheUSandRussia?{{U}}?12 ?{{/U}}.Keepthevirus{{U}}?13?{{/U}}internationalauspicesina well-guardedUNlaboratorythat’sopentoallcountries.TheUSwillobjectof coursejustasitrejectsamultilateralapproachtojustabouteverything.But itdoesn’t{{U}}?14?{{/U}}theideaiswrong.Ifthevirus{{U}} ?15?{{/U}}usefulthenlet’smakeittheservantofallhumanity— notjustapartofit.??smallpoxn.天花??vialn. 小瓶??auspicesn.赞助支持??capvt.结束覆盖? ?potentadj.有效力的强有力的??mistrustn. 不信任怀疑
{{*HTML*}}{{B}}第一篇{{/B}} ??????? ???????{{B}}SaltyRicePlantBoosts Harvests{{/B}}??Britishscientistsarebreedinganewgenerationof riceplantsthatwillbeabletogrowinsoilcontainingsaltwater.Theirwork mayenableabandonedfarmstobecomeproductiveoncemore.??Tim FlowersandTonyYeofromSussexUniversity’sSchoolofBiologicalSciences havespentseveralyearsresearchinghowcropssuchasricecouldbemadeto growinwaterthathasbecomesalty.??Thepairhaverecently begunathree-yearprogrammefundedbytheBiotechnologyandBiological SciencesResearchCounciltoestablishwhichgenesenablesomeplantsto survivesaltyconditions.Theaimistobreedthiscapabilityintocrops startingwithrice.??Itisestimatedthateachyearmorethan100 hectares公顷ofagriculturallandarelostbecausesaltgetsintothesoiland stunts妨碍生长plants.Theproblemiscausedbyseveralfactors.Inthetropics mangroves红树林thatcreateswamps沼泽andtraditionallyformedbarrierstosea waterhavebeencutdown.IntheMediterraneanaseriesofdroughtshavecaused thewatertabletodropallowingseawatertoseep渗透in.InLatinAmerica irrigationoftencausesproblemswhenwaterisevaporated蒸发bytheheat leavingsaltdepositsbehind.??Excesssaltthenenterstheplants andpreventsthemfunctioningnormally.Heavyconcentrationsofmineralsinthe plantsstopthemdrawingupthewatertheyneedtosurvive.??To overcometheseproblemsFlowersandYeodecidedtobreedriceplantsthattake inverylittlesaltandstorewhattheydoabsorbincellsthatdonotaffect theplants’growth.Theyhavestartedtobreedthesecharacteristicsintoanew ricecropbutitwilltakeabouteightharvestsbeforetheresultingseedsare readytobeconsideredforcommercialuse.??Oncethe characteristicsforsurvivingsaltysoilareknownFlowersandYeowilltryto breedtheappropriategenesintoallmannersofcropsandplants.Landthathas beenabandonedtonaturewillthenbeabletobloomagainprovidingmuchneeded foodinthepoorercountriesoftheworld.ThewordaffectinParagraph6couldbebestreplacedby______.
Whendoesthenexttraindepart?
{{*HTML*}} ??????? ??????{{B}}OneGoodReasontoLetSmallpox Live{{/B}}??It’snowafairbetthatwewillneverseethetotal extinctionofthesmallpoxvirus.Theideawastocapthegloriousachievement of1980whensmallpoxwaseradicatedinthewildbydestroyingthekiller virusinthelasttwolabsthataresupposedtohaveit—oneintheUSandone inRussia.IfsmallpoxhadtrulygonefromtheplanetwhatpointWastherein keepingthesereserves???{{U}}?1?{{/U}}realityof courseitwasnaiveto{{U}}?2?{{/U}}thateveryonewouldlet{{U}} ?3?{{/U}}of?suchapotentpotentialweapon.Undoubtedlyseveral nationsstillhave{{U}}?4?{{/U}}vials.{{U}}?5?{{/U}}thelast officialstocksoflivevirusbredmistrustoftheUSandRussia{{U}}?6 ?{{/U}}noobviousgain.??NowAmericanresearchershave{{U}} ?7?{{/U}}ananimalmodelofthehumandiseaseopeningthe{{U}} ?8?{{/U}}fortestsonnewtreatmentsandvaccines.Soonceagain there’sagoodreasonto{{U}}?9?{{/U}}thevirus—justin{{U}} ?10?{{/U}}thediseaseputsinareappearance.??Howdo we{{U}}?11?{{/U}}withthemistrustoftheUSandRussia?{{U}}?12 ?{{/U}}.Keepthevirus{{U}}?13?{{/U}}internationalauspicesina well-guardedUNlaboratorythat’sopentoallcountries.TheUSwillobjectof coursejustasitrejectsamultilateralapproachtojustabouteverything.But itdoesn’t{{U}}?14?{{/U}}theideaiswrong.Ifthevirus{{U}} ?15?{{/U}}usefulthenlet’smakeittheservantofallhumanity— notjustapartofit.??smallpoxn.天花??vialn. 小瓶??auspicesn.赞助支持??capvt.结束覆盖? ?potentadj.有效力的强有力的??mistrustn. 不信任怀疑
{{*HTML*}} ?????????? ????????{{B}}Writing{{/B}}? ?Likefinefoodgoodwritingissomethingweapproachwithpleasureand enjoyfromthefirsttastetothelast.{{U}}?1?{{/U}}Quitethe contraryjustasthecookhastoundergoanintensivetrainingmasteringthe skillsofhistradethewritermustsitathisdeskanddevotelonghoursto achievingastyleinhiswritingwhateveritspurpose-schoolworkmattersof businessorpurelysocialcommunication.{{U}}?2?{{/U}}? ?Therearestillsomeremoteplacesintheworldwhereyoumightfind someonetodoyourbusinessorsocialwritingforyouforafee.Therearea fewmangerswhoareluckyenoughtohavetheserviceofthatrarekindof secretarywhocantakecareofallsortsofletterwritingwithnomorethana quicknotetoworkfrom.{{U}}?3?{{/U}}??Wehaveto writeschoolpapersbusinesspapersorhomepapers.Weareconstantlycalledon toputwordstopaper.Itwouldbedifficulttocountthenumberofsuchwords messageslettersandreportsputtothemailsordeliveredbyhandbutthe dailyfiguremustbeenormous.{{U}}?4?{{/U}}Wewanttoarouseandhold theinterestofreaders.Wewantwhateverwewritetobereadfromfirstword tolastnotthrownintosomeletters-to-be-readfileorintoawastepaper basket.{{U}}?5?{{/U}}??A.Butformostofusifthere isanywritingtobedonewehavetodoitourselves.??B. Howeverthemanagersmaysometimescausethewritersalotof trouble.??C.Anygoodwriterslikegoodcooksdonotsuddenly appearfull-blown成熟的.??D.Whatismoreeveryonewhowrites expectsoratleasthopesthathiswritingwillberead.??E. Thisisthemasonwebendoureffortstowardlearningandpracticingtheskills ofinterestingeffectivewriting.??F.Youmaybesurethatthe greatertheeffortthemoreeffectivethewritingandthemore rewarding.
{{*HTML*}}{{B}}第三篇{{/B}} ??????? ??????????? ?{{B}}Common-coldSense{{/B}}??Youcan’tbeatitbutyoudon’t havetojoinit.Maybeitgotthenamecommoncoldbecauseit’smorecommonin winter.Thefactisthoughbeingcolddoesn’thaveanythingtodowithgetting one.Coldsarecausedbythespreadofrhinovirusesandatleastsofar medicalscienceisbetterattellingyouhowtoavoidgettingonethanhowto getridofone.??Childrenarethemostcommonwaycoldviruses arespreadtoadultsbecausetheyhavemorecoldsthanadults—anaverageof abouteightperyear.Whydokidsseemsomuchmoreeasilytogetcoldsthan theirparents?Simple.Theyhaven’thadtheopportunitytobecomeimmunetomany coldviruses.??Therearemorethan150differentcoldviruses andyouneverhavethesameonetwice.Beinginfectedbyonemakesyouimmuneto it--butonlyit.??Coldsaleusuallyspreadbydirectcontactnot sneezingorcoughing.Fromanotherperson’shandtoyourhandandthentoyour noseoreyesisthemostcommonroute.Thehighestconcentrationofcoldviruses anywhereisfoundunderthethumbnailsofaboyalthoughthevirusescan surviveforhoursonskinorothersmoothsurfaces.??Hygieneis yourbestdefense.Washyourhandsfrequentlypreferablywithadisinfectant soapespeciallywhenchildreninyourhouseholdhavecolds.??But evencarefulhygienewon’twardoffeverycold.Sowhatworkswhenacoughing sneezingrunnynosestrikes???Theoldprescriptionoftwo aspirinslotsofwaterandbedrestisagoodplacetostart.Butyou’llalso findsomeofthefolkremedies..worthWing.Hotmixturesofsugarorhoney lemonandwaterhaverealbenefits.??rhinovirusn.鼻病毒? ?immuneadj.免疫的有免疫力??disinfectantn.消毒剂杀菌剂? ?prescriptionn.诀窍处方药方??sneezevi.打喷嚏? ?thumbnailn.拇指Whenyouarehavingacold______.
{{*HTML*}}{{B}}第二篇{{/B}} ??????? ????????{{B}}Importanceof Services{{/B}}??TheUnitedStateshasmovedbeyondtheindustrial economystagetothepointwhereithasbecometheworld’sfirstservice economy.Almostthreefourthsofthenon-farmlaborforceisemployedinservice industriesandovertwo-thirdsofthenation’sgrossnationalproductis accountedforbyservices.Alsoservicejobstypicallyholdupbetterduringa recessionthandojobsinindustriesproducingtangiblegoods.? ?Duringthe20-yearperiodof1966to1986about36millionnewjobswere createdintheUnitedStates—farmorethaninJapanandWesternEurope combined.About90percentofthesejobswereinserviceindustries.During thissametimespansome22millionwomenjoinedthelaborforce—and97per centofthesewomenwenttoworkintheservicesector.Theseemploymenttrends areexpectedtocontinueatleastuntiltheyear2000.Fortheperiod1986—2000 theBureauofLaborStatisticspredictsthatover21millionnewjobswillbe createdand93percentofthemwillbeinserviceindustries.? ?Moreovermostofthisexplosivegrowthinservicesemploymentisnotin low—payingjobscontrarytothebeliefsofmanyeconomistsbusinessand laborleadersandpoliticians.Thesepeoplearguethatmanufacturingjobs whichhavebeentheeconomicfoundationofAmerica’smiddleclassare vanishing.Theyclaimthatfactoryworkersarebeingreplacedwithahostof low-wageearners.Itistruethatmanufacturingjobshavedeclinedwithmanyof themgoingtoforeigncountries.Itisalsotruethattherehasbeengrowthin somelow-payingservicejobs.Yetcooksandcounterpeoplestillrepresentonly 1percentoftheUSlaborforcetoday.Furthermoreformanyyearsthe fastest-growingoccupationalcategoryhasbeenprofessionaltechnicaland relatedwork.Thesejobspaywellabovetheaverageandmostareinservice industries.??Aboutone-halfofconsumerexpendituresareforthe purchaseofservices.Projectionstotheyear2000indicatethatserviceswill attractallevenlargershareofconsumerspending.Adrawbackoftheservice economyboomisthatthepricesofmostserviceshavebeengoingupata considerablyfasterratethanthepricesofmosttangibleproducts.Youare undoubtedlyawareofthisifyouhavehadyourcarorTVsetrepairedhadyour shoeshalf-soledorpaidamedicalbillinrecentyears.??When wesaythatservicesaccountforclosetoone-halfofconsumerexpenditureswe stillgrosslyunderstatetheeconomicimportanceofservices.Thesefiguresdo notincludethevastamountsspentforbusinessservices.Byallindications spendingforbusinessserviceshasincreasedevenmorerapidlythanspendingfor consumerservices.??grossnationalproduct国民生产总值略作 GNP??tangiblegoods有形商品??drawbackn.缺点; 不利条件Whatdoesthewriterofthispassagedisapproveofregardingservicesnow?
{{*HTML*}} ?????????? ????????{{B}}Hurricanes 龙卷风{{/B}}??Didyouknowthatbefore1950hurricaneshadno names?Theyweresimplygivennumbers.ThefirstnamesweresimplyAlphaBravo Charlieetc.butin1953femalesnamesweregivenbecauseofthe unpredictability不可预知factorofthestorms.In1979realizingthesexist 性别歧视的natureofsuchnamesthelistswereexpandedtoincludebothmenand women.??Hurricanesandtyphoons台风arethesamethings.Ifthey formintheAtlanticwecallthesestrongstormshurricanesfromtheWest Indianwordhurricanemeaningbigwind.AndiftheyarePacificstormsthey arecalledtyphoonsfromtheChinesetaifunmeaninggreatwind.Tobe classifiedasahurricanethestormmusthavemaximumwindsofatleast75mph. Thesestormsarebigmanyhundredsofmilesindiameter.? ?Hurricanesgettheirpowerfromwatervaporasitgivesoutitsstored-up energy.Allwatervaporgivesoutheatasitcondenses凝结fromagaseousstate toaliquidstateoverfixedpointsontheequator赤道.Tomakeahurricane youmusthaveextremelywetwarmairthekindofairthatcanonlybefoundin tropicalregion.??Scientistshavedeterminedthattheheatgiven outintheprocessofwatercondensationcanbeashighas95billionkilowatts perhour.Injustonedayalonethestormcanproducemoreenergythanmany industrializednationsneedinanentireyear!Theproblemisthatwedon’tknow howtomakesuresuchgreatenergyworkforus.??Predictingthe pathofahurricaneisoneofthemostdifficulttasksforforecasters.Itmoves atatypicalspeedof15mph.Butnotalways.Somestormsmayraceattwicethis speedthensuddenlystopandremaininthesamelocationforseveraldays.It canbemaddening发疯的ifyouliveinacoastalareathatmaybehit.? ?Thebiggestadvanceinearlydetectioniscontinuouswatchfromweather satellites.Withthesewecanseethestormsformandtrackthemfullyfrom birthtodeath.Whiletheycanstillkillpeopleanddestroyproperty hurricaneswillneversurpriseanynationagain.Scientistscannotaccuratelypredictthecourseofahurricanedueto______.
{{*HTML*}} ??????? ??????{{B}}OneGoodReasontoLetSmallpox Live{{/B}}??It’snowafairbetthatwewillneverseethetotal extinctionofthesmallpoxvirus.Theideawastocapthegloriousachievement of1980whensmallpoxwaseradicatedinthewildbydestroyingthekiller virusinthelasttwolabsthataresupposedtohaveit—oneintheUSandone inRussia.IfsmallpoxhadtrulygonefromtheplanetwhatpointWastherein keepingthesereserves???{{U}}?1?{{/U}}realityof courseitwasnaiveto{{U}}?2?{{/U}}thateveryonewouldlet{{U}} ?3?{{/U}}of?suchapotentpotentialweapon.Undoubtedlyseveral nationsstillhave{{U}}?4?{{/U}}vials.{{U}}?5?{{/U}}thelast officialstocksoflivevirusbredmistrustoftheUSandRussia{{U}}?6 ?{{/U}}noobviousgain.??NowAmericanresearchershave{{U}} ?7?{{/U}}ananimalmodelofthehumandiseaseopeningthe{{U}} ?8?{{/U}}fortestsonnewtreatmentsandvaccines.Soonceagain there’sagoodreasonto{{U}}?9?{{/U}}thevirus—justin{{U}} ?10?{{/U}}thediseaseputsinareappearance.??Howdo we{{U}}?11?{{/U}}withthemistrustoftheUSandRussia?{{U}}?12 ?{{/U}}.Keepthevirus{{U}}?13?{{/U}}internationalauspicesina well-guardedUNlaboratorythat’sopentoallcountries.TheUSwillobjectof coursejustasitrejectsamultilateralapproachtojustabouteverything.But itdoesn’t{{U}}?14?{{/U}}theideaiswrong.Ifthevirus{{U}} ?15?{{/U}}usefulthenlet’smakeittheservantofallhumanity— notjustapartofit.??smallpoxn.天花??vialn. 小瓶??auspicesn.赞助支持??capvt.结束覆盖? ?potentadj.有效力的强有力的??mistrustn. 不信任怀疑
{{*HTML*}}{{B}}第一篇{{/B}} ??????? ???????{{B}}SaltyRicePlantBoosts Harvests{{/B}}??Britishscientistsarebreedinganewgenerationof riceplantsthatwillbeabletogrowinsoilcontainingsaltwater.Theirwork mayenableabandonedfarmstobecomeproductiveoncemore.??Tim FlowersandTonyYeofromSussexUniversity’sSchoolofBiologicalSciences havespentseveralyearsresearchinghowcropssuchasricecouldbemadeto growinwaterthathasbecomesalty.??Thepairhaverecently begunathree-yearprogrammefundedbytheBiotechnologyandBiological SciencesResearchCounciltoestablishwhichgenesenablesomeplantsto survivesaltyconditions.Theaimistobreedthiscapabilityintocrops startingwithrice.??Itisestimatedthateachyearmorethan100 hectares公顷ofagriculturallandarelostbecausesaltgetsintothesoiland stunts妨碍生长plants.Theproblemiscausedbyseveralfactors.Inthetropics mangroves红树林thatcreateswamps沼泽andtraditionallyformedbarrierstosea waterhavebeencutdown.IntheMediterraneanaseriesofdroughtshavecaused thewatertabletodropallowingseawatertoseep渗透in.InLatinAmerica irrigationoftencausesproblemswhenwaterisevaporated蒸发bytheheat leavingsaltdepositsbehind.??Excesssaltthenenterstheplants andpreventsthemfunctioningnormally.Heavyconcentrationsofmineralsinthe plantsstopthemdrawingupthewatertheyneedtosurvive.??To overcometheseproblemsFlowersandYeodecidedtobreedriceplantsthattake inverylittlesaltandstorewhattheydoabsorbincellsthatdonotaffect theplants’growth.Theyhavestartedtobreedthesecharacteristicsintoanew ricecropbutitwilltakeabouteightharvestsbeforetheresultingseedsare readytobeconsideredforcommercialuse.??Oncethe characteristicsforsurvivingsaltysoilareknownFlowersandYeowilltryto breedtheappropriategenesintoallmannersofcropsandplants.Landthathas beenabandonedtonaturewillthenbeabletobloomagainprovidingmuchneeded foodinthepoorercountriesoftheworld.FlowersandYeohavestartedaprogramme______.
{{*HTML*}} ?????????? ????????{{B}}Writing{{/B}}? ?Likefinefoodgoodwritingissomethingweapproachwithpleasureand enjoyfromthefirsttastetothelast.{{U}}?1?{{/U}}Quitethe contraryjustasthecookhastoundergoanintensivetrainingmasteringthe skillsofhistradethewritermustsitathisdeskanddevotelonghoursto achievingastyleinhiswritingwhateveritspurpose-schoolworkmattersof businessorpurelysocialcommunication.{{U}}?2?{{/U}}? ?Therearestillsomeremoteplacesintheworldwhereyoumightfind someonetodoyourbusinessorsocialwritingforyouforafee.Therearea fewmangerswhoareluckyenoughtohavetheserviceofthatrarekindof secretarywhocantakecareofallsortsofletterwritingwithnomorethana quicknotetoworkfrom.{{U}}?3?{{/U}}??Wehaveto writeschoolpapersbusinesspapersorhomepapers.Weareconstantlycalledon toputwordstopaper.Itwouldbedifficulttocountthenumberofsuchwords messageslettersandreportsputtothemailsordeliveredbyhandbutthe dailyfiguremustbeenormous.{{U}}?4?{{/U}}Wewanttoarouseandhold theinterestofreaders.Wewantwhateverwewritetobereadfromfirstword tolastnotthrownintosomeletters-to-be-readfileorintoawastepaper basket.{{U}}?5?{{/U}}??A.Butformostofusifthere isanywritingtobedonewehavetodoitourselves.??B. Howeverthemanagersmaysometimescausethewritersalotof trouble.??C.Anygoodwriterslikegoodcooksdonotsuddenly appearfull-blown成熟的.??D.Whatismoreeveryonewhowrites expectsoratleasthopesthathiswritingwillberead.??E. Thisisthemasonwebendoureffortstowardlearningandpracticingtheskills ofinterestingeffectivewriting.??F.Youmaybesurethatthe greatertheeffortthemoreeffectivethewritingandthemore rewarding.{{*HTML*}}
{{*HTML*}} ??????? ????{{B}}WhyistheNativeLanguageLearntSo Well{{/B}}??Howdoesithappenthatchildrenlearntheirmother tonguesowell?Whenwecomparethemwithadultslearningaforeignlanguagewe oftenfindthisinterestingfact.Alittlechildwithoutknowledgeorexperience oftensucceedsinacompletemasteryofthelanguage.Agrown-uppersonwith fullydevelopedmentalpowersinmostcasemayendupwithafaultyand inexactcommand.Whataccountsforthisdifference???Despite otherexplanationstherealanswerinmyopinionliespartlyinthechild himselfpartlyinthebehaviorofthepeoplearoundhim.Inthefirstplace thetimeoflearningthemothertongueisthemostfavorableofallnamelythe firstyearsoflife.Achildhearsitspokenfrommorningtillnightandwhat ismoreimportantalwaysinitsgenuineformwiththerightpronunciation rightintonationfightuseofwordsandfightstructure.Hedrinksinallthe wordsandexpressionswhichcometohiminaflashever-bubblingspring.There isnoresistance:thereisperfectassimilation.??Thenthechild hasasitwereprivatelessonsalltheyearroundwhileanadult language-studenthaseachweekalimitednumberofhourswhichhegenerally shareswithothers.Thechildhasanotheradvantage:hehearsthelanguagein allpossiblesituationsalwaysaccompaniedbythefightkindofgesturesand facialexpressions.?Herethereisnothingunnaturalsuchasisoften foundinlanguagelessonsinschoolswhenonetalksabouticeandsnowinJune orscorchingheatinJanuary.Andwhatachildhearsisgenerallywhat immediatelyinterestshim.Againandagainwhenhisattemptsatspeechare successfulhisdesiresareunderstoodandfulfilled.??Finally thoughachild’steachersmaynothavebeentrainedinlanguageteaching theirrelationswithhimarealwayscloseandpersonal.Theytakegreatpainsto maketheirlessonseasy.Comparedwithadultslearningaforeignlanguagechildrenlearntheirnativelanguagewithease.
{{*HTML*}} ??????? ??????{{B}}OneGoodReasontoLetSmallpox Live{{/B}}??It’snowafairbetthatwewillneverseethetotal extinctionofthesmallpoxvirus.Theideawastocapthegloriousachievement of1980whensmallpoxwaseradicatedinthewildbydestroyingthekiller virusinthelasttwolabsthataresupposedtohaveit—oneintheUSandone inRussia.IfsmallpoxhadtrulygonefromtheplanetwhatpointWastherein keepingthesereserves???{{U}}?1?{{/U}}realityof courseitwasnaiveto{{U}}?2?{{/U}}thateveryonewouldlet{{U}} ?3?{{/U}}of?suchapotentpotentialweapon.Undoubtedlyseveral nationsstillhave{{U}}?4?{{/U}}vials.{{U}}?5?{{/U}}thelast officialstocksoflivevirusbredmistrustoftheUSandRussia{{U}}?6 ?{{/U}}noobviousgain.??NowAmericanresearchershave{{U}} ?7?{{/U}}ananimalmodelofthehumandiseaseopeningthe{{U}} ?8?{{/U}}fortestsonnewtreatmentsandvaccines.Soonceagain there’sagoodreasonto{{U}}?9?{{/U}}thevirus—justin{{U}} ?10?{{/U}}thediseaseputsinareappearance.??Howdo we{{U}}?11?{{/U}}withthemistrustoftheUSandRussia?{{U}}?12 ?{{/U}}.Keepthevirus{{U}}?13?{{/U}}internationalauspicesina well-guardedUNlaboratorythat’sopentoallcountries.TheUSwillobjectof coursejustasitrejectsamultilateralapproachtojustabouteverything.But itdoesn’t{{U}}?14?{{/U}}theideaiswrong.Ifthevirus{{U}} ?15?{{/U}}usefulthenlet’smakeittheservantofallhumanity— notjustapartofit.??smallpoxn.天花??vialn. 小瓶??auspicesn.赞助支持??capvt.结束覆盖? ?potentadj.有效力的强有力的??mistrustn. 不信任怀疑
Wegrew{{U}}uneasy{{/U}}attheirlongabsence.
{{*HTML*}} ??????? ????{{B}}WhyistheNativeLanguageLearntSo Well{{/B}}??Howdoesithappenthatchildrenlearntheirmother tonguesowell?Whenwecomparethemwithadultslearningaforeignlanguagewe oftenfindthisinterestingfact.Alittlechildwithoutknowledgeorexperience oftensucceedsinacompletemasteryofthelanguage.Agrown-uppersonwith fullydevelopedmentalpowersinmostcasemayendupwithafaultyand inexactcommand.Whataccountsforthisdifference???Despite otherexplanationstherealanswerinmyopinionliespartlyinthechild himselfpartlyinthebehaviorofthepeoplearoundhim.Inthefirstplace thetimeoflearningthemothertongueisthemostfavorableofallnamelythe firstyearsoflife.Achildhearsitspokenfrommorningtillnightandwhat ismoreimportantalwaysinitsgenuineformwiththerightpronunciation rightintonationfightuseofwordsandfightstructure.Hedrinksinallthe wordsandexpressionswhichcometohiminaflashever-bubblingspring.There isnoresistance:thereisperfectassimilation.??Thenthechild hasasitwereprivatelessonsalltheyearroundwhileanadult language-studenthaseachweekalimitednumberofhourswhichhegenerally shareswithothers.Thechildhasanotheradvantage:hehearsthelanguagein allpossiblesituationsalwaysaccompaniedbythefightkindofgesturesand facialexpressions.?Herethereisnothingunnaturalsuchasisoften foundinlanguagelessonsinschoolswhenonetalksabouticeandsnowinJune orscorchingheatinJanuary.Andwhatachildhearsisgenerallywhat immediatelyinterestshim.Againandagainwhenhisattemptsatspeechare successfulhisdesiresareunderstoodandfulfilled.??Finally thoughachild’steachersmaynothavebeentrainedinlanguageteaching theirrelationswithhimarealwayscloseandpersonal.Theytakegreatpainsto maketheirlessonseasy.Thereasonwhychildrenlearntheirmothertonguesowellliessolelyintheirenvironmentoflearning.
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