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Black is the color of power (权力). It has the meaning of submission (服从). It is popular in fashion...
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高中英语《甘肃省定西市通渭县榜罗中学2015-2016学年高二上学期期末考试题及答案》真题及答案
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RevolutionaryTVEarsTVEarshashelpedthousandsofpeoplewithvariousdegreesofhearinglosshearthetelevisionclearlywithoutturningupthevolume音量andnowit’sbetterandmoreaffordablethanever!WithTVEarswirelesstechnologyyousetyourownheadsetvolumewhileotherTVlistenershearthetelevisionatavolumelevelthat’scomfortableforthem.YoucanevenlistenthroughtheheadsetonlyandputtheTVonmute静音ifthesituationcallsforaquietenvironment—maybethebabyissleeping.OrperhapsyouaretheonlyonewhoisinterestedinlisteningtotheballgamE.TVEarspatentedtechnologyincludesarevolutionarynoisereductioncartipnotusedinanyothercommerciallyavailableheadset.ThistipreducesoutsidenoisesothattelevisiondialogueisclearandunderstandablE.Getthetechnologythathasproventohelpthemostdemandingcustomers.That’swhyTVEarshasearnedthetrustandconfidenceofaudiologists听觉学家nationwideaswellasworld-famousdoctors.DoctorRecommendedTVEars!MywifeandIhaveusedTVEarsalmostdailyforthepasttwoyearsandfindthemagreathelpinourenjoymentoftelevision.AsaretiredeardoctorIheartilyrecommendTVEarstopeoplewithnormalhearingaswellasthosewithhearingloss.—RobertForbesM.DCACustomerRecommendedTVEars!NowmyhusbandcanhavethevolumeasloudasheneedsandIcanhavetheTVatmyhearinglevel.TVEarsissocomfortablethatJackforgetshehasthemon!HecanonceagainhearandunderstandthedialoguE.—Darlene&JackBCARiskFreeTrial!TVEarscomeswitha30-dayriskfreetrial.SpecialOffer—Now＄59.95.Ifyou’renotsatisfiedreturnit.Money-backguarantee!Callnow!800-123-783234.TVEarshelpsyou_____.A.improveyoursleepingqualityB.listentoTVwithoutdisturbingothersC.changeTVchannelswithoutdifficultyD.becomeinterestedinballgameprograms35.WhatmakesTVEarsdifferentfromotherheadsets?A.ItcaneasilysetTVonmutE.B.ItsheadsetvolumeisadjustablE.C.Ithasanewnoisereductioncartip.D.Itappliesspecialwirelesstechnology.36.Thisadvertisementismademorebelievableby_____.A.usingrecommendationsB.offeringreasonsforthisinventionC.providingstatistics.D.showingtheresultsofexperiments.
ThomasEdison'sincandescent白炽的light-bulbwillhavebeenbroughttoanendby2016becauseitusestoomuchenergy.Thegreatlighthopetoreplaceitisabulbmadefromlight-emittingdiodes两级管orLEDs.Moreefficienteventhanitsgreencompetitorthecompactfluorescentbulb小型荧光灯LEDscanlastabout20years.ButifyoutakeintoaccounthowmuchenergyisneededtoproducethemareLEDsstillasustainablechoice?MaryAsheagraduateengineeringstudentwho'sworkingonaresearchprojectthat'sassessingthelifecycleofLEDsaskeD.A.sustainabilitysensibility感受性issweepingthroughandtransformingthecurricula课程inAmerica'scollegesofengineeringwithmoreandmoreeducatorsstressingtheimportanceofdesignsandsolutionsthatrelyonrenewableresources.DavidT.Allenachemical-engineeringprofessorsayssustainableengineeringisverymuchinthegrowthmode.Itsgoalistouseresourcesinsuchawaythatcurrentneedsaremetwithoutrobbingfuturegenerationsoftheabilitytousethemaswell.StudentshaveaskedustodelivermorecoursesinthisareasaysAllen.ThepushiscomingfromstudentswhowanttoengageinwhatIcall‘engineeringthatyoucanfeelgoodabout'headds.Youhavetogobackseveralgenerationstofindanothergroupofstudentsinterestedindoingsomethinggoodforsociety.JeremyGuest27didn'tgetbittenbythegreen-designbug臭虫untilhisthirdyearingradschoolwhenhetookacourseinsustainability.Itopenedmyeyeshesays.NowGuestisresearchinghowtorecoverdrinkablewaternutrientsandenergyfromwastewater.28.ThequestionaskedbyAsheinthefirstparagraphisusedtoA.showthatshe'spuzzledbyLEDsB.encouragereaderstothinkaboutitC.introducethetopicofsustainableengineeringD.showhowdifficultsuchachoicecanbe29.ItcanbeinferredfromwhatAllensaysinParagraph3thatA.studentsstudyengineeringforpleasureB.sustainableengineeringwasonceunpopularC.studentsfindsustainableengineeringdifficultD.studentsusedtobelessconcernedaboutsocialbenefits30.Theunderlinedpartgetbittenbythegreen-designbuginthetextmeansA.becomeinterestedingreendesignB.begintolikegreenbugsC.sufferattacksfromgreeninsectsD.failingreendesign31.Whatisconveyedinthetext?A.Currentcoursessatisfystudents'interestinsustainability.B.Studentsareforcedtoshowapassionforenvironmentalproblems.C.SustainableengineeringisbecomingatrenD.D.Sustainabilityisahottopicamongstudents.
ItdoesnotcomeasasurprisethatDubaihasagrowingproblemwithtragic.Thelocalrulershaveexploredalltheconventionalwaystogettrafficmovingagainincludinghigherpricesforparkingfuelandinsurance.ButatarecentconferenceinHamburgHussainLootahsaidthatthecitymayadoptamorestrictapproachsettinganincomelevelforvehicleownership.MrLootah’sapproachisunlikelytobecopiedwidelybutmayorsofotherbigcitiesaroundtheworldarestartingtothinkabouttakingsevereactionsoftheirownincludingcompletecarbansininnercities.Buttheeffortsmaynotbeenoughtoreducetrafficandpollution.Theproblemswillonlygetworsethenumberofvehiclessoldgloballyeachyearwillgrowfromaround80milliontodaytomorethan100millionbytheendofthedecadeaccordingtoIHSAutomotive.Therearealreadyahandfulofcar-freecommunitiesaroundtheworld.ButthesearetypicallysmallandoftentouristdestinationsthatseektocreateathrowbackintimesuchasSarkIslandintheEnglishChannel.Thelargestear-freeurbanareaisprobablyVenicewhereitisimpossibletobuildroadsandbridgestolinkthemorethan100smallislandsthecitysitson.Yetpedestrianmallsandothercar-freezoneskeeppoppingupincitiesaroundtheworld.Somecitiesareconsideringwaystolimitcentralcityaccesstogreenmachinessuchasbattery-electricvehicles.Hamburgisperhapsthefurthestalong.SuchextremeplansmayflyinacitysuchasHamburg.Butinmanyothercitiesthepoliticalresistanceeventolessfar-reachingmeasuresishardtoovercome.MichaelBloombergNewYork’sformermayortriedtwicetointroduceajamchargeformuchofManhattanbuthisplanswererejectedbystatelawmakers.32.WhatdoesParagraph1mainlytellus?A.Dubaigovernmenttriestoimproveitslocalincomes.B.Dubaigovernmenttriestosolvetrafficproblems.C.Dubaigovernmenttriestoreducepricesforparking.D.Dubaigovernmenttriestooffermoreinsurancetolocals.33.Whyisitstillhardtoreducetrafficproblems?A.BecauseMrLootah’sapproachwillbecopiedwidely.B.Becausemayorstakegentlemeasurestowardthem.C.Becausemorevehicleswillbesoldgloballyeachyear.D.Becausecompletecarbansininnercitiesarenotmade.34.WhatcausesVenicetobethelargestcar-freeurbanarea?A.Itsnaturalgeographicalcharacteristics.B.Itstoomanytouristdestinations.C.Itsreducednumberofcars.D.Itsgovernmentlawoncarfree.35.WhatcanwelearnfromParagraph4?A.Greenmachinescanbeaccessibleincentralcity.B.Allvehiclescanbeusedincentralcity.C.Hamburgmaynotadoptgreenmachines.D.Peoplecanonlywalkincentralcity.
Iwaspuzzled!Whywasthisoldwomanmakingsuchacomplaintaboutourwaytodealwithanoldbushwhichwasofnousetoanybody?Shehadwrittenletterstothelocalpapereventoanationaltoprotestaboutourprojectedby-passtohervillageandlookingatamaptheroutewasnowherenearwhereshelivedanditwasn’tasiftheareawasattractivE.IwasmorethanpuzzledIwasintrigueD.Iwantedtoknowwhatitwasthatmotivatedher.SoitwasthatIfoundmyselfknockingonacottagedoorbeingreceivedbyMarySmithandthenbeingtakenforawalktothewoods.I’vealwayslovedthisplaceshesaidithasalotofmemoriesformeandforothers.Weallusedit.Theycalledit‘Loverslane’.It’snotmuchofalaneanditdoesn’tgoanywhereimportantbutthat’swhyweallcameherE.Tobeawayfrompeopletobebyourselves.SheaddeD.ItwasindeedpleasantthatdayandthesongsofmanybirdscouldbehearD.Squirrelsgazedfromthebranchesquiteboldintheirmovementsobviouslyfewpeoplepassedthiswayandtheyhadnothingtofear.Icouldimaginethenoiseofvehiclespassingthroughthesepeacefulwoodswhentheby-passwasbuiltsoIfeltthatsheprobablyhadsomethingtherebutasIholdstrongopinionsabouttheneedsofthecommunityover-ridingtheopinionsofprivateindividualsIsaidnothing.Thevillagewasquiteadistantanddangerousplacebecauseofthetrafficespeciallyforoldpeopleandchildrentheirsafetywasmoreimportanttomethananoldwoman’swhims怪念头.TakethistreeshesaidpausingafterashortwhilE.ToyouitisjustthatatreE.Notunlikemanyothershere.Shegentlytouchedthebark.Lookhereunderthisbranchwhatcanyousee?ItlooksasifsomeonehasdoneabitofcarvingwithaknifeIsaidafteracursory草率的inspection.Yesthat’swhatitis!shesaidsoftly.Therearelettersandalover’sheart.Ilookedagainthistimemorecarefully.Theheartwasstillthereandtherewasanarrowthroughit.Thelettersononesidewereindistinctbutontheotheran‘R’wasclearlyvisiblewithwhatlookedlikean‘I’afterit.Somebuddingromance?IaskedDidyouknowwhotheywere?OhyesIknewthemsaidMarySmithitsaysRHlovesMS.AfterapauseshewentonHehadapenknifeandIhelpedhimtocarvemyinitials.Wewereverymuchinlovebuthewasgoingawayandcouldnottellmewhathewasinvolvedinthearmy.IhadguessedofcoursE.ItwasthelasteveningweeverspenttogetherbecausehewentawaythenextdaybacktohisUnit.MarySmithwasquietforawhilethenshesobbedHismothershowedmethetelegram.‘SergeantRHolmes...KilledinactionintheinvasionofFrancE.’IrealizedthatIcouldbegettingoutofmydepthandlongedtobeinmyofficeawayfromhereandthisoldladysnugandwithacupofteainmyhanD.TherewasafurtherpausE.MarySmithgentlytouchedthewoundedtreejustasshewouldhavecaressedhim.AndnowtheywanttotakeourtreeawayfrommE.AnotherquietsobthensheturnedtomE.IwasyoungandprettythenIcouldhavehadanybodyIwasn’talwaystheoldwomanyouseeherenow.IcouldhavehadeverythingIwantedinlifealovelymanhealthandafuturetolookforwardsto.ShepausedagainandlookedarounD.ThebreezegentlymovedthroughtheleaveswithasighingsounD.TherewereothersofcoursebutnotapatchonmyRobin!shesaidstrongly.AndnowIhavenothingexceptthememoriesthistreeholds.IfonlyIcouldgetmyhandsonthatawfulmanwhowritesinthepaperaboutthevalueoftheroadtheyaregoingtobuildwherewearestandingnowIwouldtellhim.Hasheneverlovedhasheneverliveddoeshenotknowanythingaboutmemories?WewerenottheonlyonesyouknowIstillmeetsomewhocamehereasRobinandIdiD.YesIwouldtellhim!Iturnedawaysickatheart.32.Whywastheby-passtoMarySmith’svillagetobebuiltthroughthesewoods?A.Thecommunitywantedtoexplorethebeautyofthewoodsasawayoftourism.B.Manypeoplepassedthesewoodscausingheavytrafficjam.C.Thetrafficwasinconvenientmakingthevillageadangerousplacetolivein.D.Thevillagewasquitefarawayanditseconomyneededimproving.33.TheunderlinedsentenceIfeltthatsheprobablyhadsomethingtheremeans________.A.IthoughttheremightbesomethinghiddeninthewoodsbyMarySmithB.IguessedtheremightbeastoryrelatedwithMarySmithC.IthoughttheremightbesomereasonforMarySmith’sprotestD.IguessedtheremightbeasecretpurposeofMarySmith.34.Themainpurposeofthispassageisto________.A.drawattentiontothedamagethatwarscauseB.persuadepeopletogiveupprivateinterestC.arousetheawarenessofbeingenvironmentallyfriendlyD.introduceatouchingbutsadlovestory
Tinymonitoringdeviceshavebecomeanincreasinglycommonwayforscientiststostudyelusiveanimalsthataredifficulttotrackonaday-to-daybasis.Howevernowitseemsthatsmart.sealshavecaughtontothetrickandareusingittotheiradvantagetocatchfish!TofindoutifthatistrueateamofresearchersfromtheUniversityofSt.AndrewsinScotlandselectedagroupoftenyounggreysealsthathadneitherencounteredtheoceannorbeenexposedtoanykindofacoustic声音的tags.Theresearchersthenplacedthesealsoneatatimeinsideapoolthatcontained20foragingboxesonlytwoofwhichhousedfish—onewithtagsandtheotherwithout.Eachsealwasallowedtoexploretheboxestwentyseparatetimes.InordertoensurethatmammalwasnotdependingonitsmemorythefishweremovedtodifferentboxeseachtimE.Atfirsttherewasnodifferenceintheamountoftimeittookthesealstodiscoverthetaggedanduntaggedfish.Howeveraftertheyhadbeeninthepoolafewtimestheystartedlocatingthetaggedfishmuchfaster.Toconfirmthatthisindeedwasthecasetheresearchersconductedasecondexperimentusingtwoboxes—onewithpiecesoffishandtheotherwithjustacoustictags.Sureenoughthesealswereallattractedtotheonethatwassendingoutsignals.Whilethisexperimentinvolvedonlysealstheresearchersbelievethatothermarinemammalsmayalsobeusingtheinformationtocatchprey.SadlypredatorslikesharksthathavebeentaggedbyscientistsmaybenegativelyaffectedaspingstheyemitcouldwarntheirpreyoftheirpresencE.Besidespotentiallymessingupnature’sfoodchainthedinnerbelleffectoftheacoustictagscouldalsomeanthattheconclusionsreachedbypreviousfishstudiesmaynotbecorrect.Nowthatthesecretisoutscientistswillhavetocomeupwithanotherwaytoconducttheirstudies—onethatisnotdetectablebythecraftymarineanimals.28.WhatdoestheunderlinedpartthetrickinParagraph1referto?A.Attachingtinymonitoringdevicestoseaanimals.B.FollowingthesoundthatfishmakE.C.Trackingseaanimalsonaday-to-daybasis.D.Lookingforwaystocatchfish.29.Whatisimpliedaboutthetenyounggreyseals?A.Theyhaveacoustictagsattachedtothem.B.Theyhavebetterhearingthannormalseals.C.Theyhavebeentrainedtorecognizeacoustictags.D.Theywerenotbornintheocean.30.Afterdoingthetwoexperimentstheresearchersmostprobablyconcludedthat________.A.it’sreallyeasyforsealstofindtheirpreyB.sealscanbeeasilyfooledbyacoustictagsC.sealsaremuchclevererthanmostoftheotherseaanimalsD.sealscanreallymakeuseoftheacousticsignalstoprey31.Theresearchersseemtobelievethatsharkstaggedbyscientists________.A.maybenefitfromthetagsB.mayattractsealsbymistakeC.mayfindithardtofindpreyD.maybeannoyedbytheemittedpings
Reducereuseandrecyclethispopularenvironmentalslogantellsushowtoreducetheamountofrubbishthatendsupinlandfills.Thesloganisbeingusedtodealwithonepossiblydangerousformofelectronicjunksuchasoldcomputerscellphonesandtelevisions.Butthisprocessofmanagingewastemaybeusedinanunscrupulouswaymoreoftenthannotarecentreportsuggests.Manyofthesematerialsarebeingsenttodevelopingnationsundertheexcuseforreuse—tobridgethedigitaldividesaidRichardGutierrezapolicyresearcher.Oneoftheproblemsisthatnooneproveswhethertheseoldmachinesworkbeforetheyhittheseaways.BecauseofthisthereportsaysewasteisagrowingprobleminLagosNigeriaandelsewhereinthedevelopingworlD.Muchofthewasteendsupbeingthrownawayalongriversandroads.Oftenit'stakenapartbypoorpeoplewhomayfacedangerousexposuretopoisonouschemicalsintheequipment.Tradesmenalsopayworkersalittlemoneytogetmaterialsbacksuchasgoldandcopper.Thislowtechrecoveryprocesscouldexposeworkersandthelocalenvironmenttomanydangerousmaterialsusedtobuildelectronics.AccordingtoGutierrezthisshadoweconomyexistsbecausetheexcuseforrecyclingandreusingelectronicsgivesbusinessmenagreenpassporttoshipwastearoundtheglobE.DevelopingnationsmusttakeonsomeoftheresponsibilitythemselvesGutierrezsaiD.ButheaddedAgreaterpartofthisresponsibilityshouldfallontheexportingstatE.ChinaforexamplehasbecomeadumpingplaceforlargeamountsofewastE.Thenationisbeginningtotakeactiontostoptheflowofdangerousmaterialsacrossitsborders.TheChinesegovernmentaftermanyyearsofdenialsisfinallybeginningtotaketheleaD.25.Theunderlinedwordunscrupulousinthesecondparagraphmostprobablymeans____.A.efficientB.profitableC.unbelievableD.dishonest26.Whatdoesthefourthparagraphmainlydiscuss?A.OldcomputersandTVsstillworkbeforetheyaresentabroaD.B.Poorpeoplebreakupewastetocollectsomevaluablematerials.C.Alotofewasteisdumpedindevelopingcountries.D.Theproblemofewasteisgrowingindevelopingcountries.27.AccordingtowhatGutierrezsaidwecanlearnthat________.A.exportingcountriesshouldmainlyberesponsibleforthee-wasteproblemB.neitherdevelopednordevelopingcountriesshouldbeblamedforthee-wasteproblemC.developingcountriesshouldmainlyberesponsibleforthee-wasteproblemD.developingcountriesshouldnotbeblamedforthee-wasteproblem28.Itcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthat________.A.Chinahashiddenalargeamountofe-wasteinmanysecretplacesB.Chinahasgreatlychangeditsideaabouttheproblemofe-wasteC.ChinahaspreventedpoisonousmaterialsfromenteringChinaforalongtimeD.Chinaisfallingbehindothercountriesindealingwithe-waste
Sciencehasalotofuses.Itcanuncoverlawsofnaturecurediseasesmakebombsandhelpbridgestostandup.Indeedscienceissogoodatwhatitdoesthatthere’salwaysatemptation__todragitintoproblemswhereitmaynotbehelpful.DavidBrooksauthorofTheSocialAnimal:TheHiddenSourcesofLoveCharacterandAchievementappearstobethelatestinalonglineofwriterswhohavefailedtogoagainstthetemptation.Brooksgainedfameforseveralbooks.HislatestbookTheSocialAnimalhoweverismoreambitiousandseriousthanhisearlierbooks.Itisanattempttodealwithasetofweightytopics.Thebookfocusesonbigquestions:Whathasscienceuncoveredabouthumannature?Whatarethesourcesofcharacter?Andwhyaresomepeoplehappyandsuccessfulwhileothersaren’t?ToanswerthesequestionsBrooksstudiesawiderangeofdisciplines学科.Consideringthisyoumightexpectthebooktobeasimpledescriptionoffacts.ButBrookshasformedhisbookinanunusualandperhapsunfortunateway.Insteadofintroducingscientifictheorieshetellsastorywithinwhichhetriestomakehispointsperhapsinordertokeepthereader’sattention.SoasHaroldandEricatheheroandheroineinhisstorylivethroughchildhoodwehearaboutthescienceofchilddevelopmentandastheybegintodatewehearaboutthetheoryofsexualattraction.Brookscarriesthisthroughtothedeathofoneofhischaracters.OnthewholeBrooks’storyisacceptableifuninspireD.Asonewouldexpecthiswritingismostlyclearandtobefairsomechaptersstandoutabovetherest.IenjoyedforinstancethechapterinwhichHarolddiscovershowtothinkonhisown.WhileHaroldandEricaarecertainlynotstrongormemorablecharactersthemoreseriousproblemswithTheSocialAnimallieelsewherE.TheseproblemspartlyinvolveBrooks’attempttotranslatehistaleintosciencE.32.Theauthormentionsthefunctionsofscienceatthebeginningofthepassageto__________.A.explainwheresciencecanbeappliedB.showthevalueofBrooks’newbookC.remindthereaderoftheimportanceofscienceD.explainwhymanywritersusescienceintheirworks33.Accordingtotheauthorwhichofthefollowingcouldbeastrengthofthebook?A.Itsstrongbasis.B.Itsclearwriting.C.Itsconvincingpoints.D.Itsmemorablecharacters.34.Whatistheauthor’sgeneralattitudetowardsthebook?A.Contradictory.B.SupportivE.C.Cautious.D.Critical.35.Whatistheauthorlikelytowriteaboutafterthelastparagraph?A.Deathofthecharacters.B.Brooks’lifeexperiencE.C.Problemswiththebook.D.Brooks’translationskills.
Almostallofushavebeenthere:A.senseofuneasinessstrikesuswhenweseethebatteryrunninglowonthesmartphonE.Whiletoday’ssmartphonesenableustosurftheInternettakepicturesandplaymusictheirlimitedsometimesannoyinglyshortbatterylifehasstartedtomakepeoplefullofmemoriesofearlymodels.MyfavoritephoneofalltimewasasilverNokia6310ifromtheearly2000s.Itmaybeprimitivebytoday’sstandardsbutitcouldrunfor17daysonasinglechargewroteDailyMailcolumnistDavidDerbyshirE.Butscientistsspendnotimethinkingaboutthepast.Theyhavebuiltanaluminium铝batterywhichcouldbeacheapfast-chargingalternativetocurrentdesigns.Youcansqueezeandpracticallybenditinhalfwithoutbreakingthepacket.Itismoreenvironmentallyfriendlythanalkaline碱性的batteriesandmoresafethanlithium锂batteries–itwon’tcatchfireevenifyoudrillthroughitasHongjieDaiofStanfordUniversitytoldTheTelegraph.ThebatteryistheworkofateamledbyDai.AndthebestpartisthatithasarechargetimeofaroundoneminutE.Howeveratpresenttheonlyproblemisthatitproducesjusthalfthevoltage电压ofatypicallithiumbattery.ButDaiexplainedtheyweresettingaboutchangingthevoltageandenergydensity密度.Ourbatteryhaseverythingelseyou’ddreamthatabatteryshouldhavE.IseethisasanewbatteryinitsearlydayshetoldTheTelegraph.26.Howmanyadvantagesdoesthealuminiumbatteryhaveaccordingtothearticle?A.2B.3C.4D.527.Thepassagesuggeststhat_________________.A.thealuminiumbatterycatchesfireeasilyifdrilledB.thealuminiumbatterystillneedsimprovingbeforeitcanbewidelyusedC.thealuminiumbatteryislargerinsizethanalkalinebatteriesD.scientistsfinditarealchallengetochangethevoltageofthealuminiumbattery28.Whichofthefollowingcanbestsummarizethepassage?A.A.newbatteryinitsearlydays.B.A.newtrendinthesmartphonemarket.C.TheannoyanceshortbatterylifecausesD.Theinventionofanewsmartphonebattery.29.Thelastparagraphinthepassageisprobablyfollowedbytheparagraphabouthowto__________.A.makethealuminiumbatterycheaperandmoreenvironmentally-friendlyB.lengthenthealuminiumbatterylifeC.increasethevoltageandenergydensityofthealuminiumbatteryD.chargethealuminiumbatteryfaster
Zerogravitylookscool.Butwhataboutthethingnoonelikestotalkabout?Yesthatisright:goingtobathroom.ZerogravitymakesthiseverydaytaskquiteachallengE.Astronautshavetobetoilet-trainedalloveragain.TheApolloastronautsraisedthemselvesofftheseatoftheirchairsandstuckaclearplasticbagtotheirbacksideswithstickystrips.A.secondastronautwatchedcloselytobesurenowastematterescapedtheseal.Youwouldnotwantthatstufffloatingaroundthecabin!Whenthedeedwasdonetheastronautcleanedupwithapieceofplasticattachedtotheinsideofthebagremovedthebagdroppedadisinfectantpillinwiththewastematterandputthewholethingsealedintoaspecialcontainer.DonaldW.RethkeanengineerforHamiltonStandardSpaceSystemsdevelopedamoreprivatewaytoanswernature’scall:thespacetoilet.Itissomewhatlikethekindoftoiletonewouldfindoncommercialairplanes---withuniqueadaptationsforzerogravityofcoursE.Forinstanceithasthighbarsthatkeeptheastronautfromfloatingofftheseat.Theastronautmaleorfemaledefecates排便inabagandurinates排尿inahosE.Solidandliquidwastesarekeptseparatedbecauseatleast85%oftheurineisrecycledandyesaftercarefulfiltrationusedfordrinkingandotherpurposes.WaterisalwaysindemandinspacE.A.vacuumsucksthewastematerialsintothetoiletwherethewasteiscompactedintohamburger-likepattiesforeasystoragE.Althoughnotexactlylikeanearthboundvisittothetoiletitisattheveryleastmuchmoreprivatethanintheearlydaysofspacetravel.28.Accordingtothefirstparagraphthelackofthegravitycanturnsomethingassimpleas_______intoamajorchallengE.A.eatingB.takingbathsC.sleepingD.answeringnature’scall29.HowdidastronautsusetoiletsystemsintheApollodays?A.Noneofthewastewasseparatedasitisnow.B.SolidwastewascompressedandstoredonboarD.C.Thetoiletunitsusedwatertoremovethewastethroughthesystem.D.Theastronautseachusedtheirownprivaterestroom.30.Toensuretheuserremainsseatedthetoiletcomesequippedwith_______A.aplasticbagB.astickystripC.awidehoseD.athighbar31.Whatcanbeinferredfromthefactthatmostoftheastronauts’urineisrecycled?A.Therecycledwatertastesbetter.B.WaterislimitedonthespaceshuttlE.C.ItisveryconvenienttogettheirurinerecycleD.D.SpacescienceincludesrecyclingurinE.
Three-dimensionalprintersarefastbecomingeverydaydevicesintheUnitedStates.Three-Dprintersareusedtomakeeverythingfromautomobilepartstobonereplacementsforhumanpatients.AmericanresearchscientistsarenowworkingoncreatingreplacementsforlivingtissuE.ResearchersattheMedicalUniversityofSouthCarolinahavebeenworkingoncreatingandmanufacturinglivingtissuesince2003.Thisprocessiscalledbiofabrication生物制造.Itrequiresspecialprintingequipmentandaspecialkindofink.Traditionalprintersrequireinktoproduceanimageordesignonapieceofpaper.Fortheirthree-DprintertheSouthCarolinaresearcherspreparecomplexnutritioussolutionstheycallbio-inks.Bio-inksaremadeofproteinsandglucose葡萄糖whichnormallyprovidesenergyformostcellsofthebody.TheresearchersalsoaddlivingcellstakenfromtheanimalthatwillreceivethenewprintedtissuE.Thebio-inksarethenaddedtoadevicethatresearcherscallthePalmettobio-printer.SarahGraceDennisisoneoftheresearchersattheMedicalUniversityofSouthCarolinA.ShesaysnewtechnologylikethePalmettobio-printerisagreathelptothebiofabricationprocess.Thebio-inksareplacedinthreedispensers分配器containersinsidetheprinter.Laserscontrolboththepositionoftheprintingsurfaceandtheplaceswherethebio-inkisreleaseD.MichaelYostisaleaderoftheresearchteam.Hesaystheprintingprocessisfullyautomated—machine-operateD.HesaysthatthePalmettobio-printermakesitpossibletocreatecomplextissuetypes.Theresearcherssaybio-printingisstillexperimental.Buttheyhopeinafewyearstheymaybeabletoprinttissuetoreplacedamagedhumanorgans.ButtherearestillsomeproblemswhichneedtobesolveD.SomescientistsworryabouthowtogetbloodtothereplacementtissuE.TheflowofbloodisimportanttokeeptheprintedtissuealivE.MichaelYosthopesthatmorepeoplewillbelieveinthebenefitsofbiofabrication.Tissuebiofabricationisarealityanditisarealitynowandifyoucomehereandyougettoseeit.Youwillgettoseeit.Youcan’ttouchitbutyouwillseeitandthinkthisisreal.Andthisisreallyhuman.21.Whatcanweknowaboutthebio-inks?A.Theyarethenecessitiesofbio-printing.B.TheyonlycontainproteinsandglucosE.C.Theycanbeplacedinthetraditionalprinters.D.Theyareavailableinourlocaldrugstores.22.Whichofthefollowingisoneoftheconcernswithbiofabrication?A.Researcherscan’tfindenoughlivingcellsofanimalstomakethebio-inks.B.Thepriceofthebio-printeristoohighandmostpeoplecan’taffordit.C.ScientistshavesomedifficultyingettingthebloodtothereplacementtissuE.D.Peopleareworriedaboutthesafetyofthebiofabricationprocess.23.AccordingtoMichaelYostwecaninferthat.A.thePalmettobio-printercanworkwithoutpowerB.thePalmettobio-printerhasbeenusedtotreatthepatientsC.thePalmettobio-printercanonlybefoundintheUnitedStatesD.thePalmettobio-printerwillhaveabrightfutureinmedicaluse24.Thepassagemainlytellsusabout.A.thethree-DprinteranditsworkingprinciplesB.thebio-inksandtheiruseinbio-printingC.thespreaduseofthebio-printerintheUSAD.thegrowingdemandforbiofabrication
OnaSaturdaymorningearlierthisSeptembertheworldgotitsfirstlookattheStrati.ThiselectricvehicleisunlikeanyothercurrentlyontheroaD.Itrollsonfourwheelsbutitsbodyandchassis底盘weren’tbuiltinafactory.InsteadStrati’sdesignersusedatechnologycalled3-Dprinting.Itcreatedthosepartsofthecarinonepiecefromthegroundup.ComparedtoatypicalvehicleontheroadtheStratidefinitelylooksdifferentsaysGregSchroederaseniorresearchengineerattheCenterforAutomotiveResearchinAnnArborMich.Hedidnotworkonthenewcar.Hisorganizationstudiestrendsandchangesintheautoindustry.Ittook44hourstoprintthenewcarattheInternationalManufacturingTechnologyShowinChicago.Overthenextfewdaysthecar’sdesignersinstalledadditionalparts.Theseincludedthecar’senginebrakesandtires.ThenearlyonSeptember13JayRogersclimbedintothecarstarteditsengineanddrovethevehicleontothestreet.RogershelpedfoundLocalMotors.It’stheArizona-basedcompanybehindtheStrati.TwoweekslaterhisteamprintedasecondStratiandjustasfastatafairinNewYorkCity.JustinFishkinalocalMotorsofficialseestheStratiasawindowintothefuturE.TodaycarbuyersarelimitedintheirchoiceofavehiclE.TheycanorderonlywhatcarcompanieshavealreadydesigneD.Butinthefuturehesaysyoumaybeabletodesignyourowncaronlineandthengetitprintedtoorder.Manufacturingexpertssay3-Dprintinghasbeguntorevolutionizehowtheymakethings.Thetechnologyhasbeenaroundfordecades.Butthesemachinesusedtobesoexpensivethatonlylargecompaniescouldaffordthem.InthelastfewyearsthoughthathaschangeD.Manyofthemachinesarenowinexpensiveenoughforsmallcompanies—orevenindividuals—toown.SomelocallibrariesmakethemavailabletothepubliC.HighSchoolsarebeginningtousetheminclassrooms.Wideaccesstotheseprintersmeanspeoplecannowdesignandprintawidevarietyofnovelthings.Thecar’sprinterisaone-of-a-kinddevicE.Thetechnologybehindthe3-DprinterusedinChicagoisanexampleofadditivemanufacturing.Thisprocessbuildssolidobjectsslicebyslicefromthebottomup.StratimeanslayersinItalian.A.mechanicalarmmovesanozzlefromonesidetoanotherbackandforth.Asitmovesthenozzledepositsaliquid—oftenmeltedplasticormetalbutitcouldbefoodconcreteorevencells—thatquicklyhardensorbondstobecomesolidorsemi-soliD.Thiscreatesasinglethinlayer.OncealayeriscompletetheprinterstartsdepositingthenextonE.There’salotofinterestin3-DprintingintheautoindustrysaysSchroeder.Rightnowthetechnologyisparticularlyusefulforbuildingmodelsofcarsorcarparts.Tocompetewithcurrentautomanufacturersthe3-DprinterwouldhavetoincreaseinahurrySchroedersays.BycontrasthenotesaFordF-150pickuptruckrollsoffanassemblylineatarateofroughlyoneperminutE.ToprintasmanyStratiswouldrequiremanymoreprinters.Schroedersayshedoesn’tsee3-Dprintingsoontakingoverforsuchhigh-volumemanufacturing.Butheadds:Whoknowswhatwillhappeninthelongterm?ScientistsatOakRidgeNationalLaboratoryinTennesseedesignedthe3-DprinterusedinChicago.LonnieLovearesearchscientistatthelabledtheeffort.AdditivemanufacturingoftenisslowandexpensivE.ItalsomayproducematerialsthatareunreliableLovesays.Sofortwoyearshisteamsearchedforwaystomake3-Dprintingbetter.Theybuiltnewmachinesandtestedthemoverandover.Allofthatworkpaidoff:theirnewmachineisfastanduseslessexpensivematerialthanearlierprinters.Inadditionitprintsaplasticembeddedwithfibersofcarbontoproduceastrongermaterial.Thishelpsensurethematerialwon’tcrackorbreakunderpressurE.55.WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutthefirstStratiisTRUE?A.ItwasborninacarfactoryinChicago.B.Itisapitythatithasnotrunonthestreetsofar.C.ManyseniorresearchengineersworkedonitincludingGregSchroeder.D.Allpartsofitwerenotmadebyusingatechnologycalled3-Dtechnology.56.Accordingtothepassagewhendid3-Dfirstappearintheworld?A.A.fewdecadesagoB.EarlyonSeptember13C.OnaSaturdaymorningearlierthisSeptember.D.AttheInternationalManufacturingTechnologyShowinChicago.57.WhatcanweinferfromParagraph5?A.Largecompaniesarealwaysrichenoughtobuyexpensivethings.B.NowHighSchoolsarebeginningtouse3-Dprintersinclassrooms.C.Highpricesofnewproductscanstopthemfrombeingusedwidelyinthebeginning.D.Wideaccessto3-DprintershasmadeitpossibleforpeopletoordernovelthingsonlinE.58.WhatdoesthewordnozzleinParagraph7possiblyreferto?A.A.partofthe3-Dprinter.B.A.singlethinlayer.C.A.solidorsemi-solidobject.D.A.personwhooperatesthemachinE.59.WhydidLonnieLovemakeeffortstoimprove3-Dprintingwithhisteam?A.Becausehejustwasinterestedinmakingnewthings.B.BecausehejustwantedtobuildnewmachinesandtestthemC.BecauseadditivemanufacturingisalwaysslowbutinexpensivE.D.Becauseadditivemanufacturingmightproduceunreliablematerials.60.Whichofthefollowingcanbethetitleforthispassage?A.3-DPrintersAreComingB.3-DPrintersAreMakingCarsC.3-DPrintersAreBecomingCheaperD.3-DPrintersAreBecomingWell-Known
Equippedonlywithapairofbinoculars双筒望远镜andreadytospendlonghourswaitinginallweathersforapreciousglanceofararebullfinch红腹灰雀Britain’sbirdwatchershadlongbeensupposedtobeloversofaminoritysport.Butnewfiguresshowbirdwatchingisfastbecomingapopularpastimewithalmostthreemillionofusabsorbedinourflutteringfeatheredfriends.DevotedbirdwatchersthosepreparedtotravelthousandsofmilesforasightingofarareSiberianbirdarefastbeingjoinedbyanewbreedoffollowerwhoseinterestissatiatedbywatchingafewfinches雀科鸣鸟onaSundaywalkorputtingupabird-boxinthebackgarden.AlmostthreemillionUKbirdwatchersiscertainlypossibleifyouincludeeveryonewithon1yacasualinterestStephenMosssaidinhisnewlypublishedbook--A.BirdintheBush:aSocialHistoryofBirdwatching--whichrecordsthepursuitfromtherichVictorianEnglishman’sloveofshootingrarebirdstothelessoffensiveobservationaltendenciesofbirdwatcherstoday.TelevisionwildlifeprogrammeshavehelpedtofuelthenewtrenD.LastsummerBBC2’sBritainGoesWildwasasurprisesuccess.Itpulledinthreemillionviewersandledtobird-housessellingoutacrosstheUKas45000peoplepromisedtoputupabox.Birdwatchers’networkingsystemfirstcametotheattentionofthenationinl989whenabirdwatchercaughtsightofthefirstVermivorachrysoptera—agolden-wingedsongbirdfromNorthAmerica—tobeseeninBritain.HeputamessageoutonthenetworkserviceBirdlineandthenextday3000birdwatchersprovedthefullpullofatrulyrarebirdastheyvisitedtheTescocarparkinKentwhereithadsettleD.Todaybirdwatcherscanlogontowww.birdlinE.co.ukorhavenewsofthelatestsightingstextedtotheirphones.Multimillion-poundspendingonbinocularsbirdfoodandboxespointtotheincreasingnumbersofbirdwatcherssaidDavidCromacktheeditorofBirdWatchingmagazinE.Thenumberofpeopleinvolvedissobigthattheyhavegreatpotentialtoinfluencegovernmentdecisionsaffectingtheenvironment.73.Thewordsatiatedinparagraph2canbestbereplacedby____.A.affectedB.sharedC.satisfiedD.narrowed74.WhathappenedafterthemessageofseeingaVermivorachrysopterawasputonthenetwork?A.BirdwatchershelpedtherarebirdsettleinKent.B.LargenumbersofbirdwatcherswenttoviewthebirD.C.Manybirdwatchersloggedontothewebsitefordetails.D.BirdwatchersshowedtheirdeterminationtoprotecttherarebirD.75.WhichofthefollowingCANNOTbetrueaccordingtothepassage?A.Televisionwildlifeprogrammesstartedthepopularpastimeofbirdwatching.B.Thenetworkservicehascontributedtotherapiddevelopmentofbirdwatching.C.BirdwatchinginBritainwaslongconsideredasportwithasmallgroupoffollowers.D.Thecurrentsituationofbirdwatchingmaypromotetheprotectionoftheenvironment.76.Thepassagemainlytellsusabout____inUK.A.thehistoryofbirdwatchingB.agrowingpassionforbirdwatchingC.theimpactofmediaonbirdwatchingD.birdwatchingasapopularexpensivesport
SeveraldaysagoaBeijing-basedITcompanyfiredabout400peopleovernight.NoonehadexpectedthejobcutswhichbrokewithtraditionalwaysoflettinggoofworkersinChinA.Moreoverwhatwasspecialaboutthiscasewasthatthedaybeforethe400werefiredtheyallreceivedfromtheirbossagift—thebookWhoMovedMyCheese?Thebook—abestsellerintheUS—isbeingusedbymenandwomentodealwithchangesintheirlivesandwork.SomelargeorganizationsincludingCoca-ColaKodakandGeneralMotorsasktheiremployeestoreaditinordertoencouragethemtobeactivetowardschanges.Cheeseissomethingrelatedtoeveryone’slivelihood—ourjobstheIndustriesweworkinrelationshipsandloveaswell.WithChina’sofficialentryintotheWTOthewholenationwillfacemorechangesandchallenges.Sowhatshouldwedooncethischeeseonwhichwearesodependentismoved?whateverchallengesandchangeswemeetweshouldfaceuptothembravelyJiangHengweiacivilservantsaidafterreadingthebook.ProfessorZhangYanginRenminUniversityofChinaagrees.Weshouldchangeourwayofthinking.ThecomingcompetitiveforeigncompaniesandproductsprovideuswithgreatchancestolearnfromthemandimproveourownproductstomeetinternationalstandardsandbemorecompetitivE.WithhardworkandwisdomwewillcreateamuchlargerandbetterpieceofcheesE.Zhangsmiledconfidently.1.Thewholepassageisabout_______.A.people’sopinionsaboutabestselleroftheUSB.whatpeoplethinkaboutChina’sentryintotheWTOC.thechangeinpeople’sattitudetowardschangesandchallengesD.howabookinfluencestheChinese2.ThecompanyinBeijinggaveeachofthe400firedworkersacopyofWhoMovedMyCheeseinorderto_______.A.bemorecompetitivewithforeignfirmsB.findanexcusefortheirjobcutsC.lettheworkersmakealivingontheirownD.encouragethefiredworkers3.Thewordcheeseinthepassagecanreferto_______.A.somethingwedependonforalivingB.amostimportantkindoffoodC.changeorchallengeD.wayoflife4.FromwhatHengweiandProfessorZhangYangsaidwecanknowthat_______.A.theyhavedifferentopinionsonchangesandchallengesB.peoplearenotafraidofcompetitionfromforeigncompaniesC.theChinesepeoplearereadytofaceanychangesandchallengesD.theyarebothgreatlyencouragedbythebook
Owls猫头鹰aremysteriouscreatures.Weoftenthinkofthemasscary.Theysometimesliveinabandonedhouses.Theyflywithoutasoundthroughbackyardsatnight.Instoriestheyappearwithghosts.Whenwehearanowl'sfamiliarwhooo...whooo...itcanmakeusfeelveryfrighteneD.Owlsflysilentlywithoutevenawhisperofwingsmovingthroughtheair.It'sasthoughtheyappearoutofnowhere—likeghostsonwings.Owlsflyandhuntonthedarkestofnights.Anowl'snighthabitsmakeituniquE.Dothesecreaturesofthenightpossessstrangepowers?Owlspossessunusualpowersofsightandhearingbuttheyarenotsupernaturalpowers.Theyarenaturaladaptationsthatletthemlivemostefficiently高效地atnight.Thereisnoreasontofearowls.Theirhabitsmakethemhelpfultohumans.Byhuntingmiceandotherrodents啮齿目动物owlshelptokeepanaturalbalancebetweenplantandanimallifE.Withoutowlstherewouldbealargenumberofrodentsinfarmers'fieldsandstoragebarns.Morethan100speciesofowlsoccupyavarietyofhabitatsaroundtheworlD.A.fewoceanicislandsandtheAntarctichavenoowls.Theworld'sowlscomeinlargemediumsmallsmallerandsmallest.ForexampletheEurasianeagleowl—oneofthelargest—hasabodythatistwotothreefeetlongwithawingspan翼展ofuptofiveandonehalffeet.TheNorthAmericanelfowltheworld'ssmallestowlisfivetosixincheslongandhasawingspanthatmeasuresslightlymorethanonefoot.Mostmaleandfemaleowlsofthesamespecieslookalikealthoughfemalesareusuallylarger.Insomespeciesthefemale'scolorsarelikethoseofthetreesorgrasswhereshemakeshernest.BabyowlscalledchicksstaywiththeirparentsuntiltheyareaboutthreemonthsolD.Theysoonfindtheirownhuntingareaswheretheymaystayfortherestoftheirlives.Someowlscanlive20yearsormorE.32.Mostpeopleregardowlsas________.A.cleverB.hardworkingC.terrifyingD.shy33.Owlshelphumansinthatthey________.A.helppreservethebalanceofnatureB.frightenrodentsawayfromhumansC.haveunusualpowersD.helpguardbackyards34.Whatisspecialaboutowls?A.Theyflysilently.B.Theyarenighthunters.C.Theypossesssupernaturalpowers.D.TheycanbefoundaroundtheworlD.35.Thethirdparagraphismainlyaboutowls'________.A.habitatsB.sizesC.speciesD.wingspans
RevolutionaryTVEarsTVEarshashelpedthousandsofpeoplewithvariousdegreesofhearinglosshearthetelevisionclearlywithoutturningupthevolume音量andnowit’sbetterandmoreaffordablethanever!WithTVEarswirelesstechnologyyousetyourownheadsetvolumewhileotherTVlistenershearthetelevisionatavolumelevelthat’scomfortableforthem.YoucanevenlistenthroughtheheadsetonlyandputtheTVonmute静音ifthesituationcallsforaquietenvironment—maybethebabyissleeping.OrperhapsyouaretheonlyonewhoisinterestedinlisteningtotheballgamE.TVEarspatentedtechnologyincludesarevolutionarynoisereductioncartipnotusedinanyothercommerciallyavailableheadset.ThistipreducesoutsidenoisesothattelevisiondialogueisclearandunderstandablE.Getthetechnologythathasproventohelpthemostdemandingcustomers.That’swhyTVEarshasearnedthetrustandconfidenceofaudiologists听觉学家nationwideaswellasworld-famousdoctors.DoctorRecommendedTVEars!MywifeandIhaveusedTVEarsalmostdailyforthepasttwoyearsandfindthemagreathelpinourenjoymentoftelevision.AsaretiredeardoctorIheartilyrecommendTVEarstopeoplewithnormalhearingaswellasthosewithhearingloss.—RobertForbesM.DCACustomerRecommendedTVEars!NowmyhusbandcanhavethevolumeasloudasheneedsandIcanhavetheTVatmyhearinglevel.TVEarsissocomfortablethatJackforgetshehasthemon!HecanonceagainhearandunderstandthedialoguE.—Darlene&JackBCARiskFreeTrial!TVEarscomeswitha30-dayriskfreetrial.SpecialOffer—Now＄59.95.Ifyou’renotsatisfiedreturnit.Money-backguarantee!Callnow!800-123-783233.TVEarshelpsyou______.A.improveyoursleepingqualityB.listentoTVwithoutdisturbingothersC.changeTVchannelswithoutdifficultyD.becomeinterestedinballgameprograms34.WhatmakesTVEarsdifferentfromotherheadsets?A.ItcaneasilysetTVonmuteB.ItsheadsetvolumeisadjustableC.IthasanewnoisereductioneartipD.Itappliesspecialwirelesstechnology35.Thisadvertisementismademorebelievableby______.A.usingrecommendationsB.offeringreasonsforthisinventionC.providingstatisticsD.showingtheresultsofexperiments
Wanttohelpfightglobalwarming?TakeoffyourtiesaystheItalianhealthministry.Ithasurgedemployerstolettheirstaffdresscasuallyatworkinthesummersothattheairconditioningcanbeturneddown.Takingyourtieoffimmediatelylowersthebodytemperatureby2or3degreescentigradetheministrysaidinastatement.Allowingamoresensibleuseofairconditioningbringsaboutelectricitysavingsandprotectstheenvironment.ItcalledonallpublicandprivateofficestoletemployeeswearnotieduringheatwavesliketheonethathasbroughtAfrica-liketemperaturestomanypartsofItalythisweek.Themoveechoes回应asimilaractionfromItaly’sbiggestoilgroupENIwhichtolditsstaffearlierthismonththeyneednotwearatieatwork.Thetiemakershoweverwerelefthotunderthecollar.ItalyconfirmsthatitisastrangecountryFlavioCimasaidangrilyinalettertofinancialdailyILSOLE24OREundertheheadline:ItiemakeramresponsibleforglobalwarmingWecannowhappilycontinuewithourlifestyleusingcarsconsumingfuelheatingandcoolingourhomesatleisurE.Ononecondition:weshouldnotwearatiewhilewedosohewrotE.Ishouldhavelistenedtomyfriendsandbecomeanoilproducerinstead.ItalyisoneoftheEuropeanUnion’sworstperformersonthepollutionfrontandisamongtheEUcountriesexpectedtoexceed超出theirgreenhousegasemission排放targets28.What’sthepurposeofthemoveoftakingoffties?A.Todresscasually.B.Tofightglobalwarming.C.TokeepthebodytemperaturE.D.Toimproveworkingconditions.29.Whofirstencouragedemployeestotakeoffties?A.ENI.B.FlavioCimA.C.Afinancialdaily.D.TheItalianhealthministry.30.WhatdoestheunderlinedparthotunderthecollarinParagraph6probablymean?A.Angry.B.Speechless.C.DelighteD.D.PuzzleD.31.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaboutFlavioCima?A.Hestandsbytheoilgroup.B.Heagreeswiththeministry.C.Headmitshisresponsibility.D.Hearguesagainsttakingoffties.
Lastnight’smeteor流星showerleftmanypeopleinthecommunitydissatisfiedanddemandinganswers.AccordingtoGabeRothschildEmeraldValley’smayorpeoplegatheredinthesuburbsofthecitycarryingheavytelescopesexpectingtowatchthebrightlyburningmeteorspassingthroughthesky.Whattheyfoundinsteadwasaskysobrightenedbythecity’slightsthatitdarkenedthelightofthemeteorspassingoverheaD.MyfamilywassofrustratedadmittedtownresidentDuaneCosbyWewantedtomakethisanunforgettablefamilyoutingbutitturnedouttobeahugedisappointment.Astronomers---scientistswhostudystarsandplanets----havebeencomplainingaboutthisproblemfordecades.Theysaythatlightpollutionpreventsthemfromseeingobjectsintheskythattheycouldseequiteeasilyinthepast.Theycallonpeopleandthegovernmenttotakemeasurestofightagainstit.Thereisyetapopulationbesidesprofessionalandamateurstarobserversthatsuffersevenmorefromlightpollution.ThispopulationconsistsofbirdsbatsfrogssnakesetC.Forexampleoutdoorlightingseverelyaffectsmigrating迁徙的birds.AccordingtotheInternationalDark-SkyAssociation100millionbirdsayearthroughoutNorthAmericadieincrasheswithlightedbuildingsandtowers.Countlessmoreanimalscasualties伤亡resultfromtheuseofartificiallighting.Clearlypeopleenjoythebenefitsoflightingtheireveningsbutsomescientiststhinkitcanbeharmfulforhumanstoo.Theyworrythatexposuretolightwhilesleepingcanincreaseperson’schancesofgettingcancer.EmeraldValleyisonlyonecommunitythatisbecomingawareofthenegativeeffectsoflightpollution.ForyearsFlagstaffArizonahasenforcedlightingregulationsinitscityinordertoassistastronomersattheLowellObservatory.Similareffortshavebeenmadeworldwideandamovementisunderwaytoremindustoturnofflightswhenwearenotusingthemsothatothercreaturescansharethenight.8.Ithappenedlastnightthat________.A.thecitylightshowattractedmanypeopleB.themeteorsflewpastbeforebeingnoticedC.thecity’slightsaffectedthemeteorwatchingD.themeteorwatchingendedupasocialouting9.WhatistheauthorconcernedaboutaccordingtoParagraph4?A.Birdsmaytakeothermigrationpaths.B.Animals’survivalisthreatenedbyoutdoorlighting.C.VarietiesofanimalswillbecomesharplyreduceD.D.Animals’livinghabitsmaychangesuddenly.10.LightingregulationsinFlagstaffArizonaareputintoeffectto________.A.lessenthechanceofgettingcancerB.enableallcreaturestoliveinharmonyC.ensurecitizensagoodsleepatnightD.createanidealobservationcondition11.Whatmessagedoestheauthormostwanttogiveus?A.Humanactivitiesshouldbeenvironmentallyfriendly.B.Greateffortsshouldbemadetosaveenergy.C.Savingwildlifeissavingourselves.D.Newequipmentshouldbeintroducedforspacestudy.
Ifhumansweretrulyathomeunderthelightofthemoonandstarswewouldgoindarknesshappilythemidnightworldasvisibletousasitistothevastnumberofnocturnal夜间活动的speciesonthisplanet.Insteadwearediurnalcreatureswitheyesadaptedtolivinginthesun’slight.Thisisabasicevolutionaryfacteventhoughmostofusdon’tthinkofourselvesasdiurnalbeings.Yetit’stheonlywaytoexplainwhatwe’vedonetothenight:We’veengineeredittoreceiveusbyfillingitwithlight.Thebenefitsofthiskindofengineeringcomewithconsequences一calledlightpollution一whoseeffectsscientistsareonlynowbeginningtostudy.Lightpollutionislargelytheresultofbadlightingdesignwhichallowsartificiallighttoshineoutwardandupwardintothesky.III-designedlightingwashesoutthedarknessofnightandcompletelychangesthelightlevels一andlightrhythms—towhichmanyformsoflifeincludingourselveshaveadapteD.WhereverhumanlightspillsintothenaturalworldsomeaspectorlifeisaffecteD.Inmostcitiestheskylooksasthoughithasbeenemptiedofstarsleavingbehindavacanthaze霾thatmirrorsourfearofthedark.We’vegrownsousedtothisorangehazethattheoriginalgloryofanunlitnight—darkenoughfortheplanetVenustothrowshadowonEarth—iswhollybeyondourexperiencebeyondmemoryalmost.We’velitupthenightasifitwereanunoccupiedcountrywhennothingcouldbefurtherformthetruth.Amongmammalsalonethenumberofnocturnalspeciesisastonishing.Lightisapowerfulbiologicalforceandonmanyspeciesitactsasamagnet磁铁.Theeffectissopowerfulthatscientistsspeakofsongbirdsandseabirdsbeingcapturedbysearchlightsonlandorbythelightfromgasflaresonmarineoilplatforms.Migratingatnightbirdstendtocollidewithbrightlylittallbuildings.Frogslivingnearbrightlylithighwayssuffernocturnallightlevelsthatareasmuchasamilliontimesbrighterthannormalthrowingnearlyeveryaspectoftheirbehavioroutofjointincludingmostothercreatureswedoneeddarkness.Darknessisasessentialtoourbiologicalwelfaretoourinternalclockworkaslightitself.Livinginaglareofourownmakingwehavecutourselvesofffromourevolutionaryandculturalheritage—thelightofthestarsandtherhythmsofdayandnight.InaveryrealsenselightpollutioncausesustolosesightofourtrueplaceintheuniversetoforgetthescaleofourbeingwhichisbestmeasuredagainstthedimensionsofadeepnightwiththeMilkyWay—theedgeofourgalaxy—archingoverheaD.31.Accordingtothepassagehumanbeing.A.prefertoliveinthedarknessB.areusedtolivinginthedaylightC.werecuriousaboutthemidnightworldD.hadtostayathomewiththelightofthemoon32.WhatdoesitParagraph1mostprobablyreferto?A.Thenight.B.ThemoonC.TheskyD.Theplanet33.Thewritermentionsbirdsandfrogsto.A.provideexamplesofanimalprotectionB.showhowlightpollutionaffectsanimalsC.comparethelivinghabitsofbothspeciesD.explainwhythenumberofcertainspecieshasdeclined34.Itisimpliedinthelastparagraphthat.A.lightpollutiondoseharmtotheeyesightofanimalsB.lightpollutionhasdestroyedsomeoftheworldheritagesC.humanbeingscannotgototheouterspaceD.humanbeingsshouldreflectontheirpositionintheuniverse35.Whatmightbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.TheMagiclight.B.TheOrangeHazE.C.TheDisappearingNight.D.TheRhythmsofNaturE.
AboutfiveyearsagoanAmericanelectricalengineernamedScottBrusawandhiswifeJuliecameupwiththeideaofputtingsolarpanelsonthegroundratherthantheroof.ThentheybegantodeveloptheSolarRoadway.TheSolarRoadwayisanintelligentroadthatprovidescleanrenewableenergyusingpowerfromthesunwhileprovidingsaferdrivingconditionsalongwithpoweranddatadelivery.TheypredictthattheSolarRoadwaywillpayforitselfthroughthegenerationofelectricityalongwithotherformsofincomeandthatthesamemoneythatisbeingusedtobuildandresurfacecurrentroadscanbeusedtobuildtheSolarRoadways.EachSolarRoadPanelmeasuresroughly4metersby4metersandcontainsamicroprocessor微处理器thatmonitorsandcontrolsthepanelwhilecommunicatingwithneighboringpanelsandthevehiclestravelingoverheaD.Theinventorssuggestthatthisprovidesacommunicationsdeviceevery4metersoneveryroadwhichcouldbeusedforexampletowarndriversofcarswhicharemovingacrossacentrelineandvariousotherspeedcontrolproblems.ThetopoftheSolarRoadpanelsismadeofsuper-strongglassthatwouldoffervehiclesthetractions抓地力theyneeD.AccordingtotheinventorstheSolarRoadwaycreatesandcarriescleanrenewableelectricityandthereforeelectricvehiclescanberechargedatanyconvenientlylocatedreststoporatanybusinessthathaspavedSolarRoadPanelsintheirparkinglots.TheinventorssaytheirSolarRoadwayhasmanyfunctionsandadvantagesfrommainroadstodrivewaysparkinglotsbikepathssidewalksandrunways.TheFederalHighwayAdministrationhasgivenBrusaw$100000todeveloptheinventionandBrusawhopestobuildasmart-roadparkinglotinthecomingspring.25.Intheinventors’opiniontheSolarRoadway_____.A.istooexpensivetobuildatpresentB.costsnomoremoneythancurrentroadsC.canprovideasmanydataaspresentcomputersD.willbringthemalargesumofmoney26.Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthat_____.A.theSolarRoadwayhasalreadybeenputintouseB.$100000isonlyenoughtobuildasmart-roadparkinglotC.theSolarRoadwayisnotavailableforgas-poweredcarsD.futureelectricvehiclescanbechargedanytimeandanywhere27.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.Solar-poweredsmartroadofthefutureB.ThegreatchangesontheroadwayC.TheinfluencetheSolarRoadwayhasonpeopleD.TheSolarRoad—amuchfasterroad
ForaslongastheycanrememberJynneMartinandAprilSurgenthadbothdreamedofgoingtoAntarcticA.ThiswintertheyeachmadeittotheicycontinentasguestsoftheNationalScienceFoundationNSF.Buttheydidn’tgoasscientists.MartinisapoetandSurgentisanartist.TheywenttoAntarcticaasparticipantsintheNSF’sArtistsandWritersprogram.TheNSFisthegovernmentagencythatfundsscientificresearchinAntarcticA.ButitalsomakesitpossibleforartistsincludingfilmmakersandmusicianstoexperienceAntarcticaandcontributetheirownpointsofviewtoourunderstandingofthecontinent.ThemixingofscienceandartinAntarcticaisn’tnew.Someoftheearliestexplorersbroughtalongpaintersandphotographers.EdwardWilsonwasaBritishpainterdoctorandbirdexpertwhojourneyedwithRobertFalconScottontwoseparateAntarcticexpeditionsmorethan100yearsago.HerbertPontingwasaphotographerwhoalsoaccompaniedScottononeofthoseexpeditions.InhundredsofphotosPontingcapturedthebeautyofthecontinentandrecordedthedailylivesandheroicstrugglesoftheexplorers.Today’sscientistswritearticlesforscientificjournals.Unliketheearlyexplorers’journalsscientificpaperscannowbeverydifficultfornon-scientiststounderstanD.WritersinAntarcticaworktoexplaintheresearchtothepubliC.PeterRejcekiseditorwriterandphotographerfortheAntarcticSunanonlinemagazinedevotedtonewsabouttheU.S.AntarcticProgram.RejeckbeganhiscareerintheAntarcticin2003byspendingayearattheSouthPolE.HehasreturnedeveryyearsinceinterviewingscientistsaboutresearchatPalmerMcMurdoandSouthPolestations.TherearealsoscientistsinAntarcticawhoworkhardtoexplaintheirresearchtothepubliC.ScientistDianeMcKnightwroteTheLostSealachildren’sbookthatexplainstheresearchsheandothersaredoinginanunusualice-freeareainAntarcticacalledtheDryValleys.Antarcticaisfullofstoriesandwondersthatarescientifichistoricandpersonal.PeoplesuchasMartinSurgentRejcekandDianeMcKnightaredevotedtobringingthosestoriestoasmanypeopleastheycan.Somepeoplearegoingtobescientistssomepeoplearegoingtobejournalistssomepeoplearegoingtobeartistsbutwecanallworktogether.saysSurgenttocelebratethisextraordinaryplacE.32.WhatdoweknowabouttheNSF?A.Itisagovernmentagency.B.ItonlyfundsscientistsinAntarcticA.C.ItencouragestheunderstandingofhumannaturE.D.ItenablesthemixingofscienceandartforthefirsttimE.33.Whydidn’tsomeearliestexplorersbringwritersalong?A.WriterswerenotfundedatthattimE.B.Writingcan’tcapturethebeautyofthecontinent.C.WriterswerenotinterestedinpopularizingsciencE.D.Earlyexplorers’journalscanbeeasilyunderstoodbythepubliC.34.BymentioningDianeMcKnighttheauthormaytrytosuggestthat_____.A.scientistsshouldexplaintheirresearchtochildrenB.writersarenotnecessarysincescientistscantellstoriesaswellC.tellingstoriestochildrenismoreimportantthanknowingthetruthD.nomatterwhatroleweplaywecanworktogethertoappreciateAntarctica35.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthisarticle?A.Antarctica:A.LandforA11B.TheNSF:A.ProgramforAllC.Antarctica:A.LandofBeautyandStoriesD.TheNSF:A.ProgramforArtistsandScientists
Washington:NASAhasannouncedevidencethatJupiter'slargestmoonGanymedehasasaltwateroceanunderitsicysurfacE.TheoceanseemstohavemorewaterthanallthewateronEarth'ssurfaceaccordingtonewHubbleobservation.NewHubbleobservationsofGanymede'smagneticfieldstronglysuggestthatthemoonwhichisthelargestinourwholesolarsystemishometoasubsurfaceocean.Scientistsestimatetheoceanis95kilometresthickwhichisabout10timesdeeperthanEarth'soceans.ButunlikeoursaltywatersGanymede'soceanisburiedunder150kilometresoficE.Whilescientistshavespeculated推测since1970saboutthepresenceofanoceanonGanymede------thelargestmooninoursolarsystem------untilnowtheonlyobservationalevidencecamefromabriefflybybytheGalileospacecraftwhichdidn’tobservethemoonlongenoughtoconfirmaliquidocean.ThisdiscoverymarksanimportantmilestonehighlightingwhatonlyHubblecanaccomplish.Inits25yearsinorbitHubblehasmademanyscientificdiscoveriesinourownsolarsystem.A.deepoceanundertheicysurfaceofGanymedeopensupfurtherexcitingpossibilitiesforlifebeyondEarth.ScientistshavealreadyconfirmedtheexistenceofanoceanonEuropeanothermoonorbitingJupiterandNASAhasannouncedplanstosendanunmannedmissiontheresearchingforthelifethatmightcomewithliquidwater.HubbleisatelescopethatorbitsEarthbutbecauseofitsimpressivegravitationalanalysesitcanbeusedtostudytheinsideoffardistantplanets.Usingthesesameprinciplesscientistscouldtheoreticallydetectoceansondistantplanetsaswell.21.WhatcanwelearnabouttheGanymedefromthepassage?A.Itisaplanetwiththelargestmooninourwholesolarsystem.B.Itsoceanaddstopeople’sexcitementaboutlifebeyondEarth.C.ItwillbeusedbyNASAasabasefortheHubbletelescopE.D.ItsliquidoceanwasfirstprovedbytheGalileospacecraft.22.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribesthewriter’sattitudetowardsHubble?A.CautiousB.DoubtfulC.NegativeD.Favourable23.WhatdoestheunderlinedpartinParagraph6mean?A.AnundergroundoceanhasbeenfoundinEuropE.B.ThepresenceofanundergroundoceaninEuropeisnotpossiblE.C.ItisnowcertainthatthereisanoceanonEuropE.D.NoevidencehasshowntheexistenceofanoceanonEuropE.24.Whattypeofwritingdoesthispassagebelongto?A.A.termessayB.A.newsreportC.AnexperimentreportD.Anexplorationreview.
ThehitmovieFindingNemofollowsaclownfishfromtheGreatBarrierReef.InreallifeclownfishareamongthethousandsofcolorfulseacreaturesthatcalltheGreatBarrierReefhome.Stretchingl250milesalongAustralia'snortheastern.coasttheGreatBarrierReefisthelongestcoralreefintheworld.A.coralreefisalivingunderwaterstructure.ButthesedaystheGreatBarrierReefhasfounditselfintrouble.Overfishingpollutionandhightemperaturesareharmingitshealth.That'swhythegovernmentinAustraliaistryingtohelprescuethereef.UnderwaterGardenWhilecoralmaylooklikeaplantitisactuallymadeupoftinyseaanimal.Thoseseaanimalsarecalledcoralpolyps.Aspolypsdietheyleavehard.shellsbehind.Otherpolypsgrowontopoftheshells.Overthousandsofyearstheyformacoralreefinwarmwaterthatisnotverydeep.InmanywaystheGreatBarrierReefresemblesanunderwatergarden.Coralcanbehardorsoft.Itformsindifferentcolorsandinstrangeshapes.Somecorallookslikehardenedbrains.Othercorallookslikefansandlettuces.Thereefburstswithschoolsoftropicalfishdashingamonggapsinthecoral.Thereefsuppliesfood.and.sheltertocreatureslivinginandaroundthecoral.Turtlessharksseahorsesandcrabsareamongitsmanyinhabitants.HelpingHumansWhilethereefisimportanttooceanlifeithelpshumanstoo.Peoplerelyonthereefforbothfoodandjobs.Italsoprovidesmedicineusedtotreatdisease.EachyeartheGreatBarrierReefcontributesabout$975milliontotheeconomythroughtourismandfishing.StressedOutIsitsurprisingthenthattheGreatBarrierReefisundertoomuchstress?Fishingnetsandshipsbreakoffsectionsanddamagethereef.Airandwaterpollutionarealsodoingharm.Atthesametimewarmerseatemperatureshavecausedcoralbleaching漂白onhalfofthereef.Thehightemperaturescausethecoraltoturnwhiteoftenkillingit.ReefRescueInanefforttohelpsavethereefthegovernmenthaslimitedfishingtotwothirdsofit.Thatplanincreasesthenumberofgreenzones.Thoseareareasthatareoff-limitstofishermenandboats.Howevertouristsandresearcherscanstillvisitthem.Manyfishermenareupsetabouttheplanbecausetheyrelyonthereefforjobs.TheAustraliangovernmentsaysthatitsplanwillhelpkeepthereefsafefromsomethreats.ItisveryimportantthatwegiveB.reefproperprotectionforthefuturesaidonegovernmentofficial.ThereefisAustralia'sgreatestnaturaltreasure.34.WhichofthefollowingisnotacreaturethatlivesintheGreatBarrierReef?A.Coralpolyps.B.Turtles.C.Seahorses.D.Whales.35.Whichsectiondescribestheprobleminthispassage?A.UnderwaterGardenB.HelpingHumansC.StressedOutD.ReefRescue36.WhatpicturecanthereadergetfromtheunderlinedsentenceThereefburstswithschoolsoftropicalfishdashingamonggapsinthecoral.inParagraph6?A.Manyfishquicklymovingthroughthecoral.B.Fishmovingtowardthecenterortargetofthecoral.C.Structuredorderlygroupsofyoungfishwithoutaclearpath.D.Fishexplodingwhentheycomeintocontactwithgapsinthecoral.37.Whatisthispassagemostlyabout?A.Thecausesofreefproblemsanpossiblesolutions.B.Coralbleachingwhichcausesthereeftoturnwhite.C.ThehistoryoftourismtotheGreatBarrierReef.D.Overfishingandhighertemperatures.
Technologicalchangeiseverywhereandaffectseveryaspectoflifemostlyforthebetter.Howeversocialchangesarebroughtaboutbynewtechnologyareoftenmistakenforachangeinattitudes.AnexampleathandistheinvolvementofparentsinthelivesoftheirchildrenwhoareattendingcollegE.Surveys调查onthistopicsuggeststhatparentstodaycontinuetobeveryorsomewhatoverly-protectiveevenaftertheirchildrenmoveintocollegedormitories.Thesamesurveysalsoindicatethattherateofparentalinvolvementisgreatertodaythanitwasagenerationago.Thisisusuallyinterpretedasasignthattoday’sparentsaretryingtomanagetheirchildren’slivespastthepointwherethisbehaviorisappropriatE.Howevergreaterparentalinvolvementdoesnotnecessarilyindicatethatparentsarefailingtoletgooftheiradultchildren.Inthecontext背景ofthisdiscussionitseemsvaluabletofirstfindoutthecauseofchangeinthecaseofparents’involvementwiththeirgrownchildren.Ifparentsofearliergenerationshadwantedtobeintouchwiththeircollege-agechildrenfrequentlywouldthishavebeenpossible?Probablynot.Ontheotherhanddoesthepossibilityoffrequentcommunicationtodaymeanthattheurgetodosowasn’tpresentagenerationago?Manystudiesshowthatolderparents-today’sgrandparents-wouldhavecalledtheirchildrenmoreoftenifthemeansandcostofdoingsohadnotbeenabarrier.Furthermorestudiesshowthatfinancesarethemostfrequentsubjectofcommunicationbetweenparentsandtheircollegechildren.Thefactthatcollegestudentsarefinanciallydependentontheirparentsisnothingnew;norarerequestsformoremoneytobesentfromhomE.Thisphenomenonisneithergoodnorbad;itisafactofcollegelifetodayandinthepast.Thankstotheadvancedtechnologyweliveinanageofbetteredcommunication.ThishasmanyimplicationswellbeyondtherolethatparentsseemtoplayinthelivesoftheirchildrenwhohaveleftforcollegE.Butitisusefultobearinmindthatallsuchchangescomefromthetechnologyandnotsomeimagineddesirebyparentstokeeptheirchildrenundertheirwings.30.Thesurveysinformusof______.A.thedevelopmentoftechnologyB.thechangesofadultchildren’sbehaviorC.theparents’over-protectionoftheircollegechildrenD.themeansandexpensesofstudents’communication31.Thewriterbelievesthat______.A.parentstodayaremoreprotectivethanthoseinthepastB.thedisadvantagesofnewtechnologyoutweighitsadvantagesC.technologyexplainsgreaterparentalinvolvementwiththeirchildrenD.parents’changedattitudesleadtocollegechildren’sdelayedindependence32.Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?A.TechnologyorAttitudeB.DependenceorIndependenceC.FamilyInfluenceorSocialChangesD.CollegeManagementorCommunicationAdvancement33.Whichofthefollowingshowsthedevelopmentofideasinthispassage?I:IntroductionP:PointSp:Sub—point次要点C.Conclusion
NaturerespondstoclimatechangE.Tounderstanditweneedtomonitorkeylifecycleevents—floweringtheappearanceofleavesthefirstfrogcallsofthespring—allaroundtheworlD.Butscientistscan’tbeeverywheresothey’returningtononscientistssometimescalledcitizenscientistsforhelp.AgroupofscientistsandeducatorssetupanorganizationlastyearcalledtheNationalPhenologyNetwork.PhenologyiswhatscientistscallthestudyofthetimingofeventsinnaturE.Oneofthegroup’sfirsteffortsdependsonscientistsandnonscientistsaliketocollectdataaboutplantfloweringandleafingeveryyear.TheprogramcalledProjectBudBurstcollectslifecycledataondifferentkindsofusualplantsfromacrosstheUnitedStates.Peopledon’thavetobeplantexperts—theyjusthavetolookaroundandseewhat’sintheirneighborhoodsaysJenniferSchwartzanadviserwiththeproject.Aswecollectthisdatawe’llbeabletopredicthowplantsandcommunitiesofplantsandanimalswillrespondastheclimatechanges.ThatdatawillhelpscientistspredictnotonlyhownaturalcommunitiesmaychangebutalsohowthesechangeswillaffectpeoplE.ScientistsmonitoringlilacfloweringintheWesternUnitedStatesreportedthatinyearswhenlilacsbloomedearly—beforeMay20th—wildfireslaterinthesummerandfallarelargerandmoreseverE.LilacbloomingcouldserveasanalarmbellJennifersays.ImprovedmonitoringisanimportantsteptowardpredictinghownaturalcommunitieswillrespondtoclimatechangE.Thebestwayforustoincreaseourknowledgeofhowplantsandanimalsarerespondingtoclimatechangeistoincreasetheamountofdatawehaveshesays.That’swhyweneedcitizenscientiststogetasmuchinformationasmanyplacesonasmanyspeciesoveraslongatimeperiodaswecan.1.TheNationalPhenologyNetworkissetupto________.A.researchhownaturemakesresponsetoclimatechangeB.keeparecordofwhatishappeninginnatureC.makeastudyofthefirstfrogcallsofthespringD.judgewhatplantswilldieoutinthefuture2.ThetaskofProjectBudBurstisto________.A.growmoreplantstoimprovetheclimateB.collectinformationaboutusualplantsC.makecitizenstelldifferentplantsD.findouthowmanykindsofplantsthereareinAmerica3.BysayingLilacbloomingcouldserveasanalarmbellinParagraph6Jennifermeant________.A.lilacflowerscouldmakepeoplefeelanxiousorafraidB.lilacscouldwarnpeopleofthedangerofwildlifeC.thebloomingoflilacscouldpredictthehappeningofwildfiresD.theflowersoflilacscouldbeusedtowakepeopleup4.Thispassageismainlyabout________.A.whyweneedtocollectdataaboutnatureB.whenanalarmbellsoundsfornatureC.whatcitizenscientistsareinAmericaD.hownaturerespondstoclimatechange
WhatIsanE-TicketRide?AnE-ticketrideisanespeciallythrillingamusementparkridE.Thetermnowcanrefertoanythingextraordinary.WhatdistinguishesthisfromanyotherrideisthelevelofdetailtechnologyandentertainmentvaluE.From1955-1982theDisneylandthemeparkinAnaheimCaliforniasoldindividualrideticketswithadmissiontothepark.In1972simpleridesliketheKingArthurCarouseltookA-ticketswhileAliceInWonderlandwasB-tickets.C.andD-ticketrideswereabitmoreadvancedincludingPeterPan’sFlightandFlighttotheMoon.Thebiggestbestandnewestridesintheparkwerereservedforthe85centE-ticket.Inthe1970sthislistincludedPiratesoftheCaribbeanandtheHauntedMansion.OneinterestingthingabouttheticketsisthatDisneyofficialsconsistentlyreferredtothemascouponswhileguestsinsistedtheyshouldbecalledtickets.In1982thetickets—orcoupons—werephasedoutoftheDisneylandworldastheparkintroducedapay-one-priceadmission.AsareplacementofsortsfortheticketingsystemDisneyintroducedtheFASTPASSforsomeoftherides.GenerallytheFASTPASSisusedonthemostpopularrides.RumorsoftencirculatetosuggestthatDisneylandisplanningtostopusingthissysteminfavorofVIPticketsoutragingsomefans.From1997-2004theWaltDisneyWorldResortinFloridaofferedanexperiencecalledE.-rideNights.Thispopularalthoughcostlyextraallowedticket-holdingvisitorstostayintheparkthreehoursafterclosingandridesomeofthemostpopularattractions.TodayalthoughtheticketsnolongerofficiallyexistDisneyfansstillclassifyridesbytheirticketstatus.Inthe2007announcementofexpansionstotheCaliforniaAdventureParkatleasttwonewE-ticketattractionswereannouncedtheLittleMermaidrideandatest-trackracingridebasedonthePixarmovieCars.Recentcriticismsofthere-openedFindingNemoSubmarineVoyagesuggestthatsomefansthinktheridehasbeendowngradedtoaD-ticketfromitsformerglory.InpopularculturethephrasehasbeenusedtorefertoanextraordinaryexperiencE.AmericanastronautSallyRidefamouslyreferredtoridingthespaceshuttleasanE-ticketexperiencE.Thephrasehasappearedinseveralmovies.FansoftheDisneyparkshavealsoproducedaride-basedfanmagazinecalledTheETicketsince1986.AlthoughthetermnolongerappliestotheDisneymethodofrideadmissionitisstillconsistentlypopularasapopularphrasE.WhatIsanE-TicketRide?OutlinesSupportingDetails1______ofE-TicketRide●ItisathrillingamusementparkridE.●It2______fromanyotherrideinthelevelofdetailtechnologyandentertainmentvaluE.3______ofridetickets●From1955-1982ABC.andD-ticketrides4______upintheDisneylandthemepark.●FASTPASSwasintroducedtoDisneyto5______fortheticketingsystem.●From1997-2004peoplecouldgo6______E-rideNightsintheWaltDisneyWorldResortinFloridA.●DisneyofficialsreferredtothemascouponsallthetimE.●In2007atleasttwonewE-ticketattractionswereannouncedto7______totheCaliforniaAdventurePark.Presentsituation●Inpopularculturethetermcanrefertoextraordinary8______.●AmericanastronautSallyRide9______ridingthespaceshuttleasanE-ticketexperiencE.●AlthoughthetermnolongerappliestotheDisneymethodofrideadmissionit10______consistentlypopularasapopularphrasE.
Weknowthefamousones-theThomasEdisonsandtheAlexanderGrahamBells-butwhataboutthelessfamousinventors?Whataboutthepeoplewhoinventedthetrafficlightandthewindshieldwiper雨刮器?Shouldn'tweknowwhotheyare?JoanMcleanthinksso.InfactMcleanaprofessorofphysicsatMountainUniversityinRangefeelssostronglyaboutthismatterthatshe'sdevelopedacourseonthetopiC.InadditiontolearningwhoinventedwhathoweverMcleanalsolikesherstudentstolearntheanswerstothewhyandhowquestions.AccordingtoMcleanWhenstudentslearntheanswerstothesequestionstheyarebetterpreparedtorecognizeopportunitiesforinventingandmoremotivatedtogiveinventingatry.HerstudentsagreE.OneyoungmanwithapatentforanunbreakableumbrellaiswalkingproofofMcLean'sstatement.IfIhadnotheardthestoryofthewindshieldwiper'sinventionsaidTommyLeeaseniorphysicsmajor.IneverwouldhavedreamedoftumingmybadexperienceduringarainstormintosomethingsoconstructivE.Leeiscurrentlynegotiatingtosellhispatenttoanumbrellaproducer.Sojustwhatisthestorybehindthewindshieldwiper?WellMaryAndersoncameupwiththeideain1902afteravisittoNewYorkCity.ThedaywascoldandstormybutAndersonstillwantedtoseethesightssoshejumpedaboardastreetcar.Noticingthatthedriverwasstrugglingtoseethroughthesnowbcoveringthewindshieldshefoundherselfwonderingwhytherecouldn'tbeabuilt-indeviceforcleaningthewindow.StillwonderingaboutthiswhenshereturnedhometoBirminghamAlabamaAndersonstarteddraftingoutsolutions.Oneofherideasalever操作杆ontheinsideofavehiclethatwouldcontrolanarmontheoutsidebecamethefirstwindshieldwiper.Todaywebenefitfromcountlessinventionsandinnovations.It'shardtoimaginedrivingwithoutGarrettA.Morgan'strafficlight.It'sequallyimpossibletopictureaworldwithoutKatherineJ.Blodgett'sinnovationthatmakesglassinvisiblE.Canyoupicturelifewithoutclearwindowsandeyeglasses?32.Bymentioningtrafficlightandwindshieldwipertheauthorindicatesthatcountlessinventionsare_______.A.beneficialbecausetheirinventorsarefamousB.beneficialthoughtheirinventorsarelessfamousC.notusefulbecausetheirinventorsarelessfamousD.notusefulthoughtheirinventorsarefamous33.ProfessorJoanMcLean'scourseaimsto_____.A.addcolorandvarietytostudents'campuslifeB.informstudentsofthewindshieldwiper'sinventionC.carryouttherequirementsbyMountainUniversityD.preparestudentstotrytheirowninvention34.TommyLee'sinventionoftheunbreakableumbrellawas_A.noteventuallyacceptedbytheumbrellaproducerB.inspiredbythestorybehindthewindshieldwiperC.duetohisdreamofbeingcaughtinarainstormD.notrelatedtoProfessorJoanMcLean'slectures35.Whichofthefollowingcanbestserveasthetitleofthispassage?A.HowtoHelpStudentstoSellTheirInventionstoProducers?B.HowtoDesignaBuilt-inDeviceforCleaningtheWindow?C.Shouldn'tWeKnowWhoInventedtheWindshieldWiper?D.Shouldn'tWeDevelopInventionCoursesinUniversities?
Giantpandaseatvegetableseventhoughtheirbodiesarebettertoeatmeat.Sohowdotheseblack-and-whitebearsfromtheremotemountainsofcentralChinasurviveonadietofseeminglylow-nutrient低营养foodlikebamboo?Scientistsprovidedananswerrecently.Theyfoundthatthegiantpandastrictlycontrolstheamountofenergyitneedsonadailybasisthankstolowlevelsofphysicalactivity.Theendangeredpandaistheonlyoneoftheworld’seightbearspecieswithavegetarian素食的diet.Pandaswhoseancestorswerecarnivores食肉动物developedadigestive消化的systemthatcanhandleameatdieteventhoughbamboonowmakesupabout99﹪oftheirfooD.BambooishardtodigestandpandasmusteatlotsofittosurvivE.TheresearchersstudiedthreewildpandasatFopingNatureReserveinShaanxiProvinceandfivepandasatBejingZoo.Theyfoundthatthedailyenergythatthesebearsusedwasonlyabout38﹪oftheenergyusedbyothersimilar-sizedanimals.Giantpandasdevelopedlowmetabolism新陈代谢throughaseriesofchangessaidbiologistWeiFuwenoftheChineseAcademyofSciences’InstituteofZoologyinBejingwholedthestudypublishedinthejournalScience.Theresearcherssaidthesizeofthepanda’sbrainliverandkindeyisrelativelysmallcomparedtootherbears.ThesereducedorgansizesarelikelytoresultintheirlowenergydemandsWeisaiD.Theresearchersfoundthatthewildpandasrestedformorethanhalfofanygivendayandtraveledonlyabout20metersperhour.Withtheirlowmetabolismtheresearcherssaidthepandaneedsitscoatofthickfurtokeepwarm.Thereareonlyabout1800giantpandasleftinthewildaccordingtotheWorldWildlifeFundcitingChinesegovernmentdatas.32.Apanda’sbodyismoresuitableforeating_______.A.vegetableB.bambooC.grassD.meat33.Becausethey_______pandascansavelotsofenergy.A.digestquicklyB.arefatC.arelazyD.eathealthily34.AccordingtothestudyledbyWeiFuwenpandas_____intheirdailylifE.A.loveeatingbambooB.dolessexerciseC.arecarnivoresD.eatmeatsometimes35.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.HowpandassurviveB.Whypandasdon’teatmeat.C.WhypandasareendangeredD.Whatpandaseat.
ThetermsmogwasfirstusedinLondonduringtheearly1900'stodescribethecombinationofsmokeandfog.Whatwetypicallycallsmogtodayisamixtureofpollutantsbutisprimarilymadeupofground-levelozone臭氧.Ozonecanbebeneficialorharmfuldependingonwhereitstays.TheozonestayinghighabovetheEarthprotectshumanhealthandtheenvironmentbutground-levelozoneisresponsibleforthechokingcoughingandpainfuleyesassociatedwithsmog.Theozoneinsmogalsopreventsplantsgrowthandcancausewidespreaddamagetocropsandforest.Majorsmogoccurrencesoftenarelinkedtoheavymotorvehicletraffichightemperaturessunshineandcalmwinds.Weatherandgeographyaffectthepositionandseverityofsmog.Becausetemperatureregulatesthelengthoftimeittakesforsmogtoformsmogcanformfasterandbemoresevereonahotandsunnyday.Whenwarmairstaysnearthegroundinsteadofrisingandwindsarecalmsmogmaystaytrappedoveryourcityfordays.AstrafficandothersourcesaddmorepollutantstotheairthesmoggetsworsE.SmogisoftenmoresevereawayfromthepollutionsourcesbecausethechemicalreactionsthatcausesmogoccurintheatmospherewhilethereactingchemicalsarebeingmovedbythewinD.Smogisavisibleexampleofairpollution.Youcanlookintothedistanceduringthedaytoseehowmuchsmogthereisintheair.InadditionmostcitiesmeasuretheconcentrationsofpollutantsintheairandreporttheresultstothepubliC.EnvironmentalProtectionAgencysetsnationalstandardsforpollutants.Areasthatfailtomeetthestandardsforatleastoneairpollutantarecallednonattainment不达标areas.Newmeasuresarebeingtakenbylocalgovernmentsacrossthecountrytoreduceairpollutioninnonattainmentareas.Theseinclude:banningcharcoalbarbecuesandwoodburninginstovesorfireplaceswhenpollutionlevelsarehigh;developingprogramstoencouragecarpoolingandvoluntaryozoneactions;limitingtrafficinovercrowdedareas;expandingorimprovingpublictransportationsystems;requiringemployerstocontributetoemployeepublictransportationcosts;assessingsmogfeesoncarsaccordingtothenumberofmilesdrivenandvehicleemissions排放produced;andevenbuyingandbreakingupoldersuper-dirtycars.78.Accordingtothepassageground-levelozonecan___________________________.79.When____________________________________________smogismoresevereawayfromthepollutionsourcE.80.Howcanwetellthathowpoortheairis?_________________________________________________________81.Whatdoesthegovernmentdotohaveairpollutionundercontrol?_____________________________________________________________
HowtheGrandCanyon大峡谷wascreatedremainsoneofthegeology’sgreatestmysteries.SomeevidencesuggeststhattheprocesswasagradualoneinwhichtheColoradoRiverwhichrunsthroughthecanyonslowlycutdeeperanddeeperintothegroundovermillionsofyears.Butvolcanicrocksamplestakenfromthecanyonnowsuggestthatthecanyonwasdown-cutinsteaD.Down-cuttingiswhenafloodofwaterrushesoveralandscape地形withenoughforcetocutdeeplyintothegroundandleavesbehindacanyon.Suchafloodisusuallyreleasedwhenanaturalorman-madedam堤坝bursts.RobertWebbaresearchgeologistsaysnaturaldamsseemtohaveformedandbrokenacrosstheColoradoRiverseveraltimesduringthelastmillionyears.Thedamswerebuiltwhenlava熔岩fromtheeruptionsofnearbyvolcanoesflowedintotheriver.ThelavahardenedintohardrocksandblockedtherivercausingittobackupandformalakE.Eachtimethelakegrewsohugethatitbroketherockdamreleasingaflashfloodthatfurtheredthedown-cuttingprocessanddeepenedthecanyon.Down-cuttingisnotjustanearthlyevent.SatellitephotossentbackfromMarssuggestthattheprocesshashappenedtheretoosaymanyotherresearchers.ThephotostakenbytheMarsGlobalSurveyorindicatethatanenormouslakeexistedonMars3.5billionyearsago.ThelakespilledintoalargenearbyholE.Oneedgeoftheholebrokereleasingaflashfloodthatquicklycarvedoutagrandcanyon.Theexistenceofdown-cuttingonMarsisjustonemorepieceofevidencethatthecolddryplanetwasoncewarmandwet.44.Inthepastdeepcanyonswerebelievedtohaveformed_______.A.asaresultofasuddenbreakofvolcanoesB.duetoriverflowsovermillionsofyearsC.owingtotheburstofartificialdamsD.thankstoourancestors’creativework45.AccordingtothepassagewhichofthefollowingstatementsisTURE?A.SeveralvolcanoesbrokeoutonMarsdirectlycreatinggrandcanyons.B.SeveralgreatlakesexistedontheupperpartsoftheColoradoRiver.C.PeoplebuilthighdamsontheupperpartsoftheColoradoRiver.D.TheColoradoRivercrossedtheGrandCanyontoformdown-cutting.46.Fromthelastthreeparagraphswelearnthat_______.A.therearegreatlakesonMarsB.thereareactivevolcanoesonMarsC.theremightbecitiesonMarsD.theremightbelifeonMars47.Thepassagecanbetitledas_______.A.LakesonEarthandMarsB.TheCauseofLakeFormationC.TheForceofDamBreakingD.Canyons—ResultsofFloodCutting
Thereisanincreaseinthedemandforreforestation重建森林aroundtheworlD.ThisisbecausetheconsumptionoftheforestshasaffectednotonlytheanimalslivingintheareabutalsothepeoplE.AndreforestationisabouttherebuildingoftheforeststhathavebeenseverelydestroyeD.Itcanofferalotofbenefitswhentherecreationissuccessful.36Thisincludescollectingseedlings幼苗thatarenativeintheareatomakesurethatthereisanaturalreconstructionoftheareA.SomeadditionaltreeswhicharenotnativeintheareaalsoneedtobeplanteD.37Theimportanceofhavingmultiplespeciesoftreesisconsideredtomakesurethattheneedsofotherspeciesthatwillliveandgrowintheareaaremet.DestroyingaforestiseasybutrebuildingitisreallyharD.38Theplanmustincludeaccuratespacingonplantsandtrees.Thisistoensurethattheywon’tcovereachotherwhiletheygrow.39Theforestgreatlyhelpsinthereductionoftheairpollution.TreesareresponsiblefortheproductionofoxygenandabsorptionofcarbondioxidE.40.Theforestisthereforareasonjustlikeeveryoneelseonthisplanet.Therecan’tbeabetterwaytorestorethebalanceofnaturethantoincreasetheforestareA.Wemustrememberthattheforestisanaturalhabitatofawidevarietyofanimalsandplants.Inthismannerthereisnosubstituteforreforestation.1A.Andglobalwarmingwillspeedupthedestructionofforests.B.Therearemanythingstobedonewhenitcomestothistypeofeffort.C.Keepinmindthatyoucan’tjustplanttheseedlingsanywherE.D.Itisimportanttomakesurethattheyaresuitedtotheclimateandthetypeofsoil.E.Recreationswon’tworkuntilallthesedetailshavebeenconsidereD.F.SoagoodplanisneededtomakethereforestationasuccessfulonE.G.Theforestalsoprotectsusfromtyphoonsandothernaturaldisasters.2A.Andglobalwarmingwillspeedupthedestructionofforests.B.Therearemanythingstobedonewhenitcomestothistypeofeffort.C.Keepinmindthatyoucan’tjustplanttheseedlingsanywherE.D.Itisimportanttomakesurethattheyaresuitedtotheclimateandthetypeofsoil.E.Recreationswon’tworkuntilallthesedetailshavebeenconsidereD.F.SoagoodplanisneededtomakethereforestationasuccessfulonE.G.Theforestalsoprotectsusfromtyphoonsandothernaturaldisasters.3A.Andglobalwarmingwillspeedupthedestructionofforests.B.Therearemanythingstobedonewhenitcomestothistypeofeffort.C.Keepinmindthatyoucan’tjustplanttheseedlingsanywherE.D.Itisimportanttomakesurethattheyaresuitedtotheclimateandthetypeofsoil.E.Recreationswon’tworkuntilallthesedetailshavebeenconsidereD.F.SoagoodplanisneededtomakethereforestationasuccessfulonE.G.Theforestalsoprotectsusfromtyphoonsandothernaturaldisasters.4A.Andglobalwarmingwillspeedupthedestructionofforests.B.Therearemanythingstobedonewhenitcomestothistypeofeffort.C.Keepinmindthatyoucan’tjustplanttheseedlingsanywherE.D.Itisimportanttomakesurethattheyaresuitedtotheclimateandthetypeofsoil.E.Recreationswon’tworkuntilallthesedetailshavebeenconsidereD.F.SoagoodplanisneededtomakethereforestationasuccessfulonE.G.Theforestalsoprotectsusfromtyphoonsandothernaturaldisasters.5A.Andglobalwarmingwillspeedupthedestructionofforests.B.Therearemanythingstobedonewhenitcomestothistypeofeffort.C.Keepinmindthatyoucan’tjustplanttheseedlingsanywherE.D.Itisimportanttomakesurethattheyaresuitedtotheclimateandthetypeofsoil.E.Recreationswon’tworkuntilallthesedetailshavebeenconsidereD.F.SoagoodplanisneededtomakethereforestationasuccessfulonE.G.Theforestalsoprotectsusfromtyphoonsandothernaturaldisasters.
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