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How long has 3-D technology been around? Most of us might think of crowds of teenagers in a 1950’s ...
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高中英语《甘肃省天水市第一中学2017届高三下学期第三次诊断考试英语试题 Word版含解析》真题及答案
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Pupilsremembermoreandbehavebetterwhen3Dimagesareus
3Dcinemahasbeenaroundsincetheearly20thcenturybutHo
Howlonghas3-Dtechnologybeenaround?Mostofusmightthi
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Howlonghas3-Dtechnologybeenaround?Mostofusmightthi
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Pupilsremembermoreandbehavebetterwhen3Dimagesareus
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Withthepopularityof3Dmoviesoverthepastseveralyears
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Wealreadyknowthefastestleastexpensivewaytoslowclimatechange:Uselessenergy.Withalittleeffortandnotmuchmoneymostofuscouldreduceourenergydietsby25percentormore—doingtheEarthafavorwhilealsohelpingourwallets.NotlongagomywifePJandItriedanewdiet—nottolosealittleweightbuttoansweranannoyingquestionaboutclimatechangE.Scientistshavereportedrecentlythattheworldisbendingupevenfasterthanpredictedonlyafewyearsagoandthattheconsequencescouldbesevereifwedon'tkeepreducingemissions排放ofcarbondioxideCO2andothergreenhousegasesthataretrappingheatinouratmospherE.Wedecidedtotryanexperiment.ForonemonthwerecordedourpersonalemissionsofCO2.Wewantedtoseehowmuchwecouldcutbacksowewentonastrictdiet.TheaverageUShousehold家庭producesabout150poundsofCO2adaybydoingcommon-placethingsliketurningonair-conditioningordrivingcars.That'smorethantwicetheEuropeanaverageandalmostfivetimestheglobalaveragemostlybecauseAmericansdrivemoreandhavebiggerhouses.Buthowmuchshouldwetrytoreduce?ForananswerIcheckedwithTimFlanneryauthorofTheWeatherMakers:HowManisChangingtheClimateandWhatitMeansforLifeonEarth.Inhisbookhehadchallengedreaderstomakedeepcutsinpersonalemissionstokeeptheworldfromreachingextremelyimportanttippingpointssuchasthemelting融化oftheicesheetsinGreenlandorWestAntarcticA.TostaybelowthatpointweneedtoreduceCO2emissionsby80percenthesaiD.GoodadviceIthought.I'dopenedourbedroomwindowstoletinthewinD.We'dgottensousedtokeepingourair-conditioninggoingaroundtheclock.I'dalmostforgottenthewindowsevenopeneD.Weshouldnotletthishappenagain.It'stimeforustochangeourhabitsifnecessary.21.Whydidtheauthorandhiswifetryanewdiet?A.TotakespecialkindsoffooD.B.TorespondtoclimatechangE.C.Toloseweight.D.Toimprovetheirhealth.22.Theunderlinedwordstippingpointsmostprobablyreferto.A.freezingpointsB.burningpointsC.meltingpointsD.boilingpoints23.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat.A.itisnecessarytokeeptheair-conditioningonallthetimeB.itseemspossibleforeveryhouseholdtocutemissionsofCO2C.theaverageUShouseholdproducesabout3000poundsofCO2amonthD.theaverageEuropeanhouseholdproducesabout1000poundsofCO2amonth
AnewstudyrevealedthattheformationoftheEarthSunandMoonthatcausechangesinEarth'stidescanalsotriggeraspecialkindofEarthquakealongtheCalifornia'sSanAndreasFault断层.ThestudypublishedinthejournalProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofScienceisbasedonpreviousresearchersuggestingthatthegravitationaltugofsunandmoonisnotonlyaffectingthesealevelsofEarthbutcanalsostretchandcompressthatEarth'scrustproducingtremorsandquakes.FurthermorethenewstudyshowedthatsmalltremorsdeepundergroundweremorelikelytooccurduringcertainperiodsofthetidalcyclE.Forthestudytheresearcherslookedatabout81000lowfrequencyearthquakesfrom2008to2015alongtheParkfieldsectionoftheSanAndreasFaultandcomparedittothetwoweektidalcycleknownasthefortnightlytide.LowfrequencyearthquakesarenamedduetotherumblingsoundtheymakeandnotbytherateofitsoccurrencE.Thesekindsofearthquakeonlyoccurabout15to30kilometersbelowgroundandarenolargerthanmagnitude1intheRichterscalE.TheresearchersdiscoveredthatlowfrequencyearthquakestendtooccurduringthewaxingperiodofthetidalcyclewhenthetidesaregettinglittlebylittlE.ItisalreadyknownthatthestrongestEarthtidesoccurwhenthesunandmoonareinastraightlinewhilethetideisatitsweakeststatewhenthesunandmoonare90degreesapart.AccordingtotheresearcherslowfrequencyearthquakesshowthatsomepartoftheSanAndreasFaultiscreepingorslowlymovingalmostallthetimE.Withthehelpofthetidalforceslowfrequencyearthquakescouldprovidemoreinformationaboutthedeeperpartofthefault.TheytellusthatthefaultcontinuesdownbelowwheretheregularortypicalearthquakesstopontheSanAndreasabout10or12kmabout6to7milessaidDavidShellyaseismologistatUSGSandhelpedwritethestudyinastatement.AndtheytellusalotofthingsaboutthatdeeppartofthefaultthatwehadnoideaexistedatallbeforE.It'salmostlikehavingalotoflittlecreepmetersembeddedinthefaultShellysaiD.Wecanusetheselowfrequencyearthquakesasmeasurementsofatleastinarelativesensehowmuchslipishappeningateachlittlespotonthedeeppartofthefaultwhereweseetheseevents.Whenwedon'tseethemwedon'tknowwhat'shappening;wedon'tknowwhetheritisslippingsilentlyornotslippingatall.TheinformationisincrediblyusefulheaddeD.Wheneverthedeeppartofthefaultslipsthestressgetstransferredtotheshallowpartofthefault.SoifallofasuddenwesawthatthedeeppartofthefaultwasslippingahugeamountitmightbeanindicationthattherewasanincreasedchanceofhavinganearthquakecomeattheshallowerpartofthefaulthesaiD.38.Whatcausestremorsandquakesaccordingtothepassage?A.TheformationoftheEarthSunandMoon.B.ThechangeofthesealevelsofEarth.C.TheeffectofthegravitationaltugofsunandmoononEarth'scrust.D.ThemovementofcreepinginthedeeppartoftheSanAndresFault.39.TheunderlinedwordtheyinParagraph6refersto________.A.theresearchersB.thetidalforcesC.thelowfrequencyearthquakesD.thetypicalearthquakes40.Lowfrequencyearthquakesoccurwhen________.A.thetidesaregettingbiggergraduallyB.thesunandmoonareinastraightlineC.thesunandmoonare90degreesapartD.theSanAndreasFaultmovesslowly41.AccordingtoShellythemostimportantfunctionofthestudyisto________.A.findoutwherethetypicalearthquakesoccurB.indicatewhentheregularearthquakesoccurC.uncoverhowlowfrequencyearthquakesoccurD.offermoreinformationaboutthedeeperpartofthefault
BeingsociablelookslikeagoodwaytoaddyearstoyourlifE.Relationshipswithfamilyfriendsneighborsevenpetswillallhelpbutthebiggestlongevity长寿seemstocomefrommarriagE.Theeffectwasfirstnoticedin1858byWilliamFarrwhowrotethatwidowsandwidowers鳏夫wereatamuchhigherriskofdyingthanthemarriedpeoplE.Studiessincethensuggestthatmarriagecouldaddasmuchassevenyearstoaman’slifeandtwotoawoman’s.Theeffectcanbeseeninallcausesofdeathwhetherillnessaccidentorself-harm.Evenifthechancesareallagainstyoumarriagecanmorethancompensateyou.LindaWaiteoftheUniversityofChicagohasfoundthatamarriedoldermanwithheartdiseasecanexpecttolivenearlyfouryearslongerthananunmarriedmanwithahealthyheart.Similarlyamarriedmanwhosmokesmorethanapackadayislikelytoliveaslongasadivorcedmanwhodoesn’tsmokE.There’saflipsidehoweveraspartnersaremorelikelytobecomeillordieinthecoupleofyearsfollowingtheirhusbandorwife’sdeathandcaringforyourhusbandorwifewithmentaldisordercanleaveyouwithsomeofthesamesevereproblems.EvensothechancesfavormarriagE.Ina30-yearstudyofmorethan10000peopleNicholasChristakisofHarvardMedicalSchooldescribeshowallkindsofsocialnetworkshavesimilareffects.Sohowdoesitwork?Theeffectsarecomplicatedaffectedbysocio-economicfactorshealth-serviceprovisionemotionalsupportandothermorephysiologicalmechanisms生理机制.ForexamplesocialcontactcanpromotedevelopmentofthebrainandimmunesystemleadingtobetterhealthandlesschanceofdepressionlaterinlifE.Peopleinsupportiverelationshipsmayhandlestressbetter.Thentherearethepsychologicalbenefitsofasupportivepartner.A.lifepartnerchildrenandgoodfriendsareallrecommendedifyouaimtoliveto100.TheoverallsocialnetworkisstillbeingmappedoutbutChristakissays:Peopleareinter-connectedsotheirhealthisinter-connecteD.8.ItcanbeinferredfromthecontextthattheflipsideParA.2refersto_________.A.thedisadvantagesofbeingmarriedB.theemotionalproblemsarisingfrommarriageC.theresponsibilityoftakingcareofone'sfamilyD.theconsequenceofabrokenmarriage9.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutsocialnetworks?A.TheyhaveeffectssimilartothoseofamarriagE.B.Theyhelpdeveloppeople'scommunityspirit.C.TheyprovidetimelysupportforthoseinneeD.D.Theyhelprelievepeopleoftheirlife'sburdens.10.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?A.It'simportantthatwedevelopasocialnetworkwhenyoung.B.Tostayhealthyoneshouldhaveapropersocialnetwork.C.Gettingadivorcemeansriskingareducedlifespan.D.Weshouldshareoursocialnetworkswitheachother.
Birdsandairportsaretwowordsthatpairedtogetherdon’tnormallypaintthemostharmoniouspicturE.SoitreallyraisessomeeyebrowswhenChinaannouncesplanstobuildanairportthat5sforbirds.Describedastheworld’sfirst-everbirdairporttheproposedLingangBirdSanctuary保护区inthenortherncoastalcityofTianjinisofcoursenotanactualairport.Ratherit’sawetlandpreservespecificallydesignedtoaccommodatehundreds—eventhousands—ofdailytakeoffsandlandingsbybirdstravelingalongtheEastAsian-AustralasianFlyway.Over50speciesofmigratory迁徙的waterbirdssomeendangeredwillstopandfeedattheprotectedsanctuarybeforecontinuingtheirlongjourneyalongtheflyway.Locatedonaformerlandfillsitethe61-hectare150-acreairportisalsoopentohumantravelers.Halfamillionvisitorsareexpectedannually.Howeverinsteadofduty-freeshoppingthemainattractionfornon-egg-layingcreaturesatTianjin’snewestairportwillbeagreen-roofededucationandresearchcenteraseriesofraisedobservationplatformsandanetworkofscenicwalkingandcyclingpathsandtrailstotalingover4miles.TheproposedBirdAirportwillbeagloballysignificantsanctuaryforendangeredmigratorybirdspecieswhileprovidingnewgreenlungsforthecityofTianjinAdrianMcGregorofAustralianlandscapearchitecturefirmMcGregorCoxallexplainedof.thedesign.FrequentlyblanketedinsmogsothickthatithasshutdownrealairportsTianjinisacity—China’sfourthmostpopulous—thatwouldcertainlybenefitfromanewpairofhealthygreenlungs.12.Theunderlinedphrase4non-egg-layingcreaturesinParagraph3refersto?A.endangeredwaterbirdsB.planesC.visitorsD.designers13.Whatdoweknowabouttheairportaccordingtothepassage?A.ItislocatedonalandfillsitE.B.PeoplecannotwatchbirdsupcloseherE.C.Itprovidesmigratorybirdswithfoodandshelter.D.ItfunctionsasanactualairportandawetlandpreserveatthesametimE.14.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?A.TianjinwillwinworldwidefameinthefuturE.B.TianjinwillbeabletoaccommodatemorepeoplE.C.Theairportwillbecomeapermanenthomeforbirds.D.Tianjin’airqualitywillimprovethankstotheairport....15.Whatisthispassagemainlyabout?A.ChinaistoopenthefirstBirdAirport.B.Airportsturnintogreenlungs.C.Birdsarenolongerenemiestoairports.D.Airportsshutdownandopenup.
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ItmayseemlikeamomentinasciencefictionmoviE.InafiercebattleacreaturelosesanarmbutthengrowsanotheronetotakeitsplacE.Howeverthisisnotsciencefiction.Itisscientificfact.Somefishandamphibianssuchassalamanderscanregrowlostlimbsandorgans.Asmammalsevolvedtheylosttheabilitytoregroworregeneratepartsoftheirbody.Howeverexperimentsshowthatitmaybepossibletoregainthatability.Tropicalfreshwaterzebrafisharepopularpets.Theyarealsopopularaslabanimals.Theirembryos胚胎areclearortranslucent.Theycanregrowdamagedfinsskinandhearts.Zebrafisharealsogenetically基因地similartohumans.In2013thewebsiteSci-Newsreportedthatresearchershadfoundthat70percentofprotein-codinghumangenesarerelatedtogenesfoundinthezebrafish.ThereportalsosaidthatresearchersattheWellcomeTrustSangerInstituteinBritainalsofoundthat84percentofgenesknowntobeconnectedtohumandiseasehaveazebrafishcounterpart.ScientistWangYadongisoneofthePittsburgresearchers.Heandhisteamarestudyingtheabilityofzebrafishtoregeneratelimbsandorgans.Wangsaysyoucancutawayabout20percentofthezebrafishheartanditwillregeneratE.Headdthatsameprocessmaybeabletohelphumans.Scientistsinjected注射anextracellularmatrixorECMfromtheheartofazebrafishintoaseverelydamagedmouseheart.Theyfoundthattheheartmuscleregrewindays.TheyfoundsomethingelsE.ThehealingwasevenfasterwhentheECMwastakenfromzebrafishthatwasitselfintheprocessofre-growingdamagedtissuE.12.Themainreasonwhythezebrafishwerechosenaslabanimalsisthat_____________.A.theyarepopularpetsB.theirbodiesarecleartostudyC.theyaregeneticallysimilartohumansD.theyareeasytofindfortheresearchers13.WhatdoestheunderlinedwordcounterpartinParagraph5probablymean?A.A.similarthing.B.A.differentfish.C.A.humanbeing.D.A.littlemousE.14.AfterinjectingECMfromazebrafishintothedamagedmouseheartwhatdidscientistsfind?A.Thezebrafishdiedquickly.B.Themouseheartregrewindays.C.Thezebrafishheartregrewquickly.D.Themousehealedmoreslowlythannormal.15.Whereisthemostprobablytakenfrom?A.A.sciencefiction.B.A.guidebook.C.A.fashionmagazinE.D.A.sciencereport.
Needanappforthat?AnvithaVijay9yearsoldcanbuildit.WiththehelpofYouTubevideostheyounggirlfromMelbourneAustraliaLearnedtocode编程atage7.Soonshewastryingherhandatmakingapps.WhenIfirstgotmyiPadIwasattractedbyalltheappsonitshetoldTFK.Itwasn'tlongbeforeIwantedtocreatemyown.ShebuiltherfirsttwoappswithheryoungersisterinminD.SmartkinsAnimalshelpschildrenknowmorethan100animalsandtheirsounds.SmartkinsRainbowColorsteacheskidscolors.Eachapphasbeendownloadedthousandsoftimes.Anvitha'sskillswonheranawardtoattendabigtechconferencehostedbyAppleinSanFranciscoCaliforniaThereshegottipsfromsomanysmartpeoplE.Shewenttoworkshopswhereshelearnedaboutthelatestsoftware软件forappbuilding.Allthattrainingledtoanideaforathirdapp.ThisonecalledGoalsHiinspireskidstopracticegoodhabits.Usersarerewardedforachievinggoalssuchaseatingtheirvegetablesorpracticingpiano.KidscansetgoalswiththisappandgetstarswhentheyachievethemshesaysTheideaistoencouragekidstoachieveonelittlestepaday.Anvitha'sgoalistocontinuecreatingtechnologythathelpskidslearnwhilehavingfun.Butevenmoreimportanttoheristhattheworldseesthepoweroftechnologyinkids'hands.ThemoretrainingwegetintechnologyatanearlyageshesaysthebetterchancewehaveofbecomingpeoplewhowillonedaychangetheworlD.12.Whatcanwelearnfromthetext?A.Anvithahascreatededucationalapps.B.Anvithawonanawardforpracticingpiano.C.Thepoweroftechnologyhasbeeninkids'hands.D.Educationalappsareverypopularamongparents.13.WhichofthefollowinghelpedAnvithatolearntocodeatanearlyage?A.YouTubevideos.B.Heryoungersister.C.AllappsonheriPadD.AlltraininginAustraliA.14.WhatdoweknowabouttheappsAnvithacreated?A.Theyteachkidstopaint.B.Theyteachkidstokeeppets.C.Theyhelpkidstoinventinstruments.D.Theyhelpkidslearnwhilehavingfun.15.What'sthegeneralmeaningofwhatAnvithasaysinthelastparagraph?A.Kidsshouldkeephavingabeautifuldream.B.KidsmasteringtechnologymustchangetheworlD.C.Workhardandyou'llhaveabetterlifeinthefuturE.D.ChildrenhadbettergettrainingintechnologyasearlyaspossiblE.
Adultsarehappytotelltheirchildrenthatcrusts面包皮willgivethemcurlyhaircarrotswillhelpthemseeinthedarkandspinachwillmakethemstrong.Eventhoughadultsknowit'snottotallytruetheythinkit'sgoodfortheirchildren'shealthastudyhadfounD.Inastudyabout31percentofadultssaidtheyoncetoldtheirchildrenthecurlyhairtaleand36percentsaidthey'dbeentoldthesamethingbytheirmotherorfather.Amongtheover-50salmosthalfsaidthey'dbeenpromisedcurlyhairiftheyatetheircrusts.A.quarterofthe2000adultsquestionedinthestudytoldtheirchildrencarrotswouldhelpthemseeinthedark.ThiscouldbetruetosomeextentbecauseofthehighlevelsofvitaminA.andbeta-caroteneinrootvegetables.Anotherfavoriteamongparentsisthatmilkwillmakeonestrong.A.thirdsurveyedsaidtheirparentstoldthemthisandabout29percentsaidtheytoldtheirchildrenthesamething.Butwhilethereisplentyofevidencetosuggestmilkisgoodforpeople'shealththerearealsoalotofscientificpaperssayingitisn't.ThankstoPopeyespinachisalsofedtochildrenalongwiththeideathatitwillmakethemstrong.Whilethereisalsosometruthinthisonescientistsnowbelieveitisnottheironbuttheinorganicnitrates无机硝酸盐thatimprovephysicalpower.OneinsevenofthesurveyedadmittedtellingtheirlittleonesthatrunnerbeanswillmakethemrunfasterwhichisnothingmorethanwordplayandhasnobasisinsciencE.AlmostoneinfiveadultsweresubjectedtothesametaleinchildhooD.Justoveronein10parentstoldtheirchildrengreenfoodwouldturnthemintoasuperheroandaquarteradmittedhidingvegetablesinmeals.LyndsayJonesspokesmanforPersilWashingUpLiquidsaidIt'sclearthatthemostpersuasivestoriesaboutfoodarepassedonfromgenerationtogeneration.Ourresearchshowsthattheideascontinueandwetellourkidsthesamethingsourparentstoldusevenifthey'renotalwaysentirelytruE.Crustsmaynotmakeyourhaircurlybutthere'splentyofresearchthatsayscrustscontainmoreofthegoodnessthantherestofaloaf.HopefullyasaresultofourCookwithKidspromisemoreparentswillbeencouragedtospendtimewiththeirchildreninthekitchenandteachthemthetruthaboutfooD.12.WecanknowfromParagraph3that________.A.athirdpeopleareforcedtodrinkmilkbytheirparentsB.milkisbeneficialtochildren'sphysicalstrengthC.thereisdoubtwhethermilkishelpfultopeople'shealthD.about29percentpeoplewishtheirchildrengoodhealth13.WhichofthefollowingdoesLyndsayJonesagree?A.AdultsarewillingtoteachtheirchildrenastheirparentsdiD.B.MostpersuasivestoriesaboutfoodarefalsE.C.Storiesaboutfoodshouldn'tbepassedonfromgenerationtogeneration.D.Parentscan'tmakesureifsomestoriesaboutfoodaretotallytruE.14.Wecanlearnfromthepassagethat________.A.scientiststhinktheironinspinachhelpschildrengrowstrongB.parentsareexpectedtotellchildrenthetruthaboutfoodC.runnerbeanscanreallymakechildrenrunfastD.crustsaresaidtocontainlessnutritionthanaloaf15.Howisthepassagemainlydeveloped?A.ByfollowingtimeorderB.Bymakingcomparisons.C.BygivingexamplesD.Byanalyzingcauses.
ThesciencefictiontypeofentertainmentisconsideredbymosttobefatheredbyJulesVerneAJourneytotheCenteroftheEarthandTwentyThousandLeaguesUndertheSeaandH.G.WellsTheTimeMachineandTheWaroftheWorlds.Sci-Fiasitiscommonlyshortenedisafictionalstoryinwhichscienceandtechnologyhaveasignificantinfluenceonthecharactersandplot.ManysuchworksareguessworkaboutwhatthefutureholdsandhowscientificfindingsandtechnologicaladvanceswillshapehumankinD.Writinginthelate1800sJulesVernewasremarkablysuccessfulinhis10guessesaboutfuturetechnologiesofairconditioningautomobilestheInternettelevisionandunderwaterairandspacetravel.UnbelievablyofallplacesfromwhichtochooseJulesVerneguessedTampaFloridaUSAasthelaunchingsiteofthefirstprojecttotheMoonwhichwasonly200kilometersawayfromtheactual1969locationatCapeCanaveralFloridA.Oneofthebest-knownsciencefictionbooksisNineteenEighty-FourbyGeorgeOrwell.Publishedin1949itwasnotmeantasapredictionbutasawarning:OrwellwasdescribingwhathesawastheoutcomeoftheideastrendsandemergingtechnologiesofhistimE.Manyinventedtermsfromthisnovelhavebecomecommonineverydayusesuchasbigbrotheranddoublethink.Eventheauthor’snamehasbeenmadeintoanadjective—Orwellian—andhasbecomeawarningexpressionofsituationswhereprivacyislostandtheindividualhasnopowerandiscompletelycontrolledbythegovernment.NineteenEighty-Fourwastranslatedintosixty-fivelanguageswithinfiveyearsofitspublicationsettingarecordthatstillstands.Whathelpsbringsciencefictionintobeingisusuallyanewdiscoveryorinnovation.Theauthorcreatesananalysisofthepotentialinfluenceandconsequencesandthenwrapsitinapleasantstory.ForexamplethebeginningofspaceexplorationwasfollowedafewyearslaterbytheStarTrektelevisionprogramandmovieseries.Thesciencefictionauthor’sself-determinedroleistosearchtheworldoffuturepossibilitiesupontheroadwhichwearetraveling.32.Fromthefirstparagraphweknowthatsciencefictionmightbe_________.A.aforecastofhowanewdiscoverycouldinfluencemankindB.abriefreviewofthepresentdrawbacksoftechnologyC.athoughtfullookatthepastandapredictionofthefutureD.ananalysisofhowanewtechnologycouldbeusedtoharmhuman33.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesNineteenEighty-Four?A.A.predictionoffuturetechnologies.B.A.warningofunfairandcruelruling.C.Themotiveofscientificdevelopment.D.Animaginaryperfectworldoffreedom.34.Fromthepassagewecanlearnthat_________.A.H.G.WellspredictedtheInternetinthelate1800sB.NineteenEighty-FouradoptedsomepopulartermsC.StarTrekmovieserieswerebasedonspaceexplorationD.CapeCanaveralwasmentionedinJulesVerne’sfiction35.Accordingtotheauthorwhatistheroleofsciencefictioninourlife?A.A.referenceoftechnology.B.A.moralcompass.C.A.recordofsciencedevelopment.D.A.formofthinkingaboutpossibilities.
Forestareamazingandsoaretheanimalsthatliveinthem.WeenjoywatchingTVshowsaboutbearsbatsormonkeys.Weknowalotabouttheirlives:howtheyfindfoodorwhattheydoatdifferenttimesoftheyear.Butwhataboutsmalleranimalsthataremoredifficulttoseeorfilm?Manysmallanimalsthatliveinforestsareveryimportantforthesoil.A.FrenchscientistFrancoisXavierJolyisstudyingoneofthem—themillipede千足虫.TheimportanceofleavesWhentheleavesbegintodieinfalltheyturnfromgreentoyellowandfallfromthetrees.Astheydecomposeonthegroundnutrients营养物质arereturnedtothesoilandcarbondioxidetotheair.Lifeintheforestneedsthesenutrients.WithoutthemplantscouldnotgrowandtherewouldbenofoodforanimalssuchasthemillipedE.FoodontheforestfloorSomelivingthingslikemushroomsbreaktheleavesintosmallerpiecesandeatthem.Inafewmonthsthereisnothingleftofthem.ButformushroomsnotalltreesarethesamE.Mushroomsprefersometypesofleavestoothers.Thismeansthatsomeleavestakemuchlongertobebrokendownthanothers.Sometimesittakesyears.Sowhathappenstothese?Thisiswherethemillipedecanhelp.MoreonthemenuThemillipedealsolikesleavesanditeatsanytypE.ButwhenithasfinisheditproduceswastE.Thiswastethenbecomesthefoodofmushrooms.WhenmushroomseatleavestheychooseonlycertaintypesbutwhentheyeatwastetheywilleatanykinD.ThisishowthemillipedeturnsdeadleavesintofoodforothersandhelpslifecontinuE.Sonexttimeyouarewalkingthroughaforestrememberthatsomethingmaybehavingamealrightunderyourfeet.8.Accordingtothepassagewhatcanwelearnaboutthemillipede?A.ItcanoftenbeseenonTVshows.B.Itmostlyfeedsonthenutrientsinthesoil.C.ItistoosmalltobenoticedbypeoplE.D.Itlivesundermushroomsintheforest.9.WhatdoestheunderlinedworddecomposeinParagraph3mean?A.Breakdown.B.Dryup.C.Digin.D.Makeout.10.Whatdoestheauthorwanttotellusbymentioningmushrooms?A.Themillipedeeatsmushroomsintheforest.B.Themillipedehelpstoprovidefoodformushrooms.C.Mushroomsplayanimportantpartinhelpingmillipedesout.D.Mushroomsdecidewhattypesofleavesthemillipedewilleat.11.Accordingtotheauthorthemillipedeis.A.poisonousB.rareC.unimportantD.amazing
Rollercoastersarefastandexciting.Butpassingapainfulkidney肾stonesisnot.TheprocessispainfulandcantakealongtimE.ButAmericanresearchershavefoundthatarollercoasterridejustmighthelpthosesufferingfromakidneystonE.Theysaysuchrideshelppatientspassthestoneswitha70percentsuccessratE.DavidWartingerledthestudy.HefoundthatwherethepersonsitsontherollercoastercanmakeabigdifferencE.HesaidInthepilotstudysittinginthelastcaroftherollercoastershowedabouta64percentpassageratE.Sittinginthefirstfewcarsonlyhada16percentsuccessratE.Italsomatteredwherethestoneswerelocatedinthekidney.Theresearchersfoundthatstoneslocatedintheupperpartofthekidneymodelwerepassed100percent.Whenitcomestopassingkidneystonesnotallrollercoastersareequal.Theresearchersused174kidneystonesofdifferingshapessizesandweightstoseeifeachmodelworkedonthesamerideandontwootherrollercoasters.TheyfoundthatBigThunderMountainwastheonlyonethatworkeD.Theothertworollercoastersbothfailedthetest.Wartingersaidtheotherridesweretoofastandtooviolent.Themovementforcedthestonesagainstthesideofthekidney.Hesaidthattheidealrollercoasterisroughandquickwithsometwistsandturns.WartingerthinksrollercoasterridescouldalsobeusedasapreventativemeasurE.Hesaidthatayearlyrideonarollercoastercouldevenpreventstonesfromdeveloping.YouneedtoheedthewarningsbeforegoingonarollercoasterhesaiD.Ifyouhaveakidneystonebutareotherwisehealthyandmeettherequirementsoftheridepatientsshouldtryit.Headdsthatit’sdefinitelyalowercostalternativetoothertreatments.Andridingarollercoasterisdefinitelymorefun!12.Accordingtothetextpassingkidneystoneis______.A.fastB.excitingC.interestingD.painful13.Whichofthefollowingbenefitspeoplewithakidneystonemost?A.Sittinginthefirstcarofarollercoaster.B.Sittinginthemiddlecarofarollercoaster.C.Sittinginbigrollercoasterswithdoctors’carE.D.Sittinginroughandfastrollercoasterswithtwistsandturns.14.What’sWartinger’sattitudetoridingrollercoastersforpeoplehavingakidneystone?A.WorrieD.B.NegativE.C.SupportivE.D.Skeptical.15.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A.SometreatmentsofkidneystonesB.AdvantagesofridingrollercoastersC.RollercoasterscanhelppasskidneystonesD.Kidneystonescanbecuredbyridingrollercoasters
Theloneliestchimp黑猩猩intheworldjustgotthebestsurprise------ahugfromanewfriend.Ponsohasbeenbyhimselffornearlythreeyearsfindinghimselfaloneafterhiswifeandchildrendiedontheislandwheretheywereabandonedbyamedicaltestingcompanymanyyearsago.ForyearsanearbyvillagernamedGermainhasbeenPonso’sonlycompanyvisitinghimsooftentobringbananasandbread—thechimp’sonlysourceoffoodonthetinyisland.ItwasclearhowmuchPonsomissedcompanionshipwhenhewasrecentlyvisitedbyChimpanzeeConservationCentreDirectorEstelleRaballand.ThechimpimmediatelyembracedEstelleRaballandinahugehugandlaughedasshereachedoutforhimwithhissmilefromeartoear.ForthosewhoknowPonso’sbackstoryhisimmediateeaseandtrustinhumansmightbesurprising.Ponsowasoneof20chimpsallbetweentheagesof7to11yearsoldrelocatedtoanislandofftheIvoryCoastafterbeingusedfortestingbytheNewYorkBloodCentre.Afterthetestswerecompletedin2005thelabreportedlytransferredthechimpstoastringofislandsoccasionallydroppingofffoodandwaterbecausetherewasnoneinthechimps’newhomes.DiseaseandhungersoonleftonlyPonsohismateandtheirtwochildrenstanding.Butattheendof2013theydiedwithindaysofeachotherandPonsowasnowcompletelyalone.AgroupcalledSOSPONSOistryingtoraisemoneyforthepoorlonelychimpalreadyachievingitsgoalof$20000-allofwhichwillbeusedforPonso’scare.32.WhatdoweknowaboutthechimpPonso?A.Hewasdesertedbyhisfamily.B.Hefoundmanysourcesoffood.C.Hecametotheislandforatest.D.Hesuffersfromlonelinessgreatly.33.HowdidPonsofeelaboutthevisitofEstelleRaballand?A.Excited.B.Frightened.C.Embarrassed.D.ConfuseD.34.WhatisParagraph3mainlyabout?A.Thechimps’newsettlement.B.HowPonsocametotheisland.C.WhyPonsowasusedforatest.D.Themedicaltestaboutchimps.35.Whatcanbeinferredfromthetext?A.Germainwon’tvisitPonsoanymore.B.Anewlabwillbebuiltontheisland.C.ManypeopleshowconcernforPonso.D.Morechimpswillbebroughttotheisland.
RecentlytheBarbicanMuseuminLondonheldanexhibitioncalledtheRainRoom.Duringthetimethisexhibitionwasopenmytwitterstreamwasfilledwithphotosofpeoplestandingintherainroomaccompaniedbythecaptionrainroom@thebarbican!andalocationattachmenttoprovethattheywereindeedintherainroom.Thisgotmethinking.WhatwerepeopleactuallysayingbyTweetingabouttheirvisit?IthinkalltheyweredoingwasfulfillingtheobligationthatwehavetosharE.NotsharinginthesenseoftreasuringamomentwithpeopleclosetousbutsharinginthesenseoftelltheworldthatIamdoingathing.It’snotsharing;it’sshowingoff.WhenwelogintoFacebookorTwitterweseeaninfinitelyupdatingstreamofpeopleenjoyingthemselves.It’snotreallifebecausepeopleonlypostaboutthegoodthingswhereasallthedullordeepstuffdoesn’tgetmentioneD.Butdespitethisobviousfactitsubconsciouslymakesusfeellikeeveryoneishavingabettertimethanus.ThisisthecurseofouragE.Wewalkaroundwiththetoolstocaptureextensivedataaboutoursurroundingsandtransmittheminreal-timetoeveryfriendwe’vemadE.Weendupwithareducedunderstandingofrealitybecausewe’remoreconcernedaboutchoosingagoodInstagramfilter过滤器forourmealthanhowittastes.Idon’tthinkthatit’sinherently内在的固有的wrongtowanttokeeptheworldupdatedaboutwhatyou’redoing.Butwhenyougothroughliferoboticallypostingabouteverythingyoudoyou’renotahumanbeing.You’rejustaprismthattakesbitsoflightandsoundandchannelsthemintotheclouD.Thekeythingtorememberisthatyouarenotenrichingyourexperiencesbysharingthemonline;youaredetractingfromthembecauseallyoureffortsarefocusedonmakingthelookattractivetootherpeoplE.OnceyoustopseeingthingsthroughtheeyesofthepeoplefollowingyouonTwitterorFacebookorInstagramyoucanmakeyourexperiencessignificantbecauseyouwerethereandyousawthesightsandsmelledthesmellsandheardthesoundsnotsnappedaphotoofitthroughahalf-inchcameralens.28.Whatdowelearnfromthefirsttwoparagraphs?A.RainRoomexhibitionreceivedalargeaudienceinLondon.B.Mostofpeoplefeelobligatedtosharetheirexperiencewithfriends.C.ManypeoplewanttoinformothersoftheirexperiencebyTweeting.D.AllpeoplehavinggonetotheRainRoomtookpictures.29.Itseemstotheauthorthat___________.A.FacebookorTwitterisagoodplacewherewesharepersonalexperienceB.peopleseldomshowdepressingstuffonthesocialnetworkingwebsitesC.mostpeopletendtoshowoffthattheyarehavingabettertimethanothersD.sharingexperienceonthesocialnetworkingwebsitesisnotreallife30.BytalkingofagoodInstagramfilterforourmealLine3-4ParA.4theauthorwantstoshow_____.A.wearesurroundedbyvarioustoolstocaptureourdailydataB.wearemoreconcernedabouthowourlifeseemstobetoothersC.wetransmitourexperienceimmediatelytoeverybodyweknowD.wegainmoreextensiveperceptionofrealitywithdigitaltools
EversinceDonaldTrumpwaselectedthenextpresidentoftheUStheentireTrumpfamilyhasbeenputunderamicroscope显微镜.InChinathespotlighthasbeenmainlyfocusedonTrumpandhisdaughterIvankA.SheisdescribedonWeChatasanextremelyinfluentialrolemodelwithstunningbeautyasuccessfulcareerandahappyfamily.Sheleadsadreamlifethatamilliongirlswouldkillfor.Yesshewasbornwithasilverspooninhermouth.Butshegotwheresheisbyherself.There’salwaysgoingtobearticlesthatsaypeoplebornintowealthyfamiliesarebetterlookingandhaveabetterfamilybackgroundthanyoubutthesepeopledoworkharderthanyou.Areyoualoserifyouwereraisedinanordinaryfamily?ShouldyoufeelguiltythatyousleepeighthoursadaybecauseIvankasleepsfive?Ifyoujustwanttokeepastable稳定的nine-to-fivejobdoesitmeanyouarenotambitious?Howaboutifyoudon’tworkoutoreathealthydoesthatmeanyouwillnotfindyourMr.orMissRight?Thereisatendencyinmedianowadaystoencourageelitism精英主义.Theyaretryingtobrainwashyoungpeopleintothinkingthattheyshouldinvest投资alargeamountoftimeandmoneyinbodybuildingandappearancE.Theyencouragelifestylemakeovers:winetastingclassesandexpensivetripsoverseas.Theymakeyoubelievethatifyoudoastheysayyoucanimprovethequalityofyourlifeandjointheelites社会精英.Butwhat’sthedownsideofbeingordinary?Doyoureallyneedtogotothegymfivedaysaweek?Doyouneedtotakehundredsofselfies自拍andPhotoshoptheselectedonestopostonWeChat?Doyoureallyneedtobreakyourneckandsacrificetoearnyourfirstpotofgoldonlytoworryconstantlyabouthowtoenterhighsocietylater?Don’tlettheideaofelitismgettoyou.Everybodyhasarighttothelifetheywant.Humanbeingsshouldnotbejudgedasasuccessorfailurebasedonwhethertheyareapartoftheeliteornot.Aslongasyouleadahappyandcomfortablelifewhybothertochaseafterotherpeople’sshadows?Chooseyourownlifepathandgoforit.12.WhydoesIvankabecomeahitonlineinthewriter’sopinion?A.Shelivessuchadreamlifethatamilliongirlswouldliketokillher.B.Shegetswhatshehasthroughpersonaleffortsdespiterichorigin.C.ShehasabetterfamilybackgroundthanordinarypeoplE.D.SheisarolemodelfrequentlyseenamongordinarypeoplE.13.Whichofthefollowingareconsideredasalifebelongingtotheelites?①Polishandpostcarefully-selectedselfiesonWeChat.②BreakyournecktoearnyourfirstpotofgolD.③SparenoefforttoimprovephysicalappearancE.④Signupforwinetastingclassesandoverseatrips.A.③④B.②④C.②③D.①④14.Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthat____________.A.Ivankasleepingfivehoursadaymakesthemajorityofpeopleguilty.B.Keepingastablenine-to-fivejobwillbethoughtofasaloser.C.Improvingthequalityoflifewillhelpyouenterhighsociety.D.Joiningtheelitesiswhatmoreandmorepeopledreamofnowadays.15.Whichattitudetowardslifewouldthewriterprobablyagreewith?...A.Lifeislikeadogsledteam.Ifyouaren’ttheleaddogthesceneryneverchanges.B.Lifeisnotinholdinggoodcardsbutinplayingthoseyouholdwell.C.Thereisonlyonesuccess—tobeabletospendyourlifeinyourownway.D.Thegreatestlessoninlifeistoknowthatevenfoolsarerightsometimes.
AccordingtoresearchersmoneycanbuyhappinessbutonlyifyouspenditonsomeoneelsE.Spendingaslittleas$5adayonsomeoneelsecouldsignificantlybringyouhappinesstheteamattheUniversityofBritishColumbiaandHarvardBusinessSchoolfounD.Theirexperimentsonmorethan630Americansshowedtheyweremeasurably适度地happierwhentheyspentmoneyonothers--eveniftheythoughtspendingthemoneyonthemselveswouldmakethemhappier.WewantedtotestourtheorythathowpeoplespendtheirmoneyisatleastasimportantashowmuchmoneytheyearnsaidElizabethDunnapsychologistattheUniversityofBritishColumbiA.Theyaskedtheir600volunteersfirsttoratetheirgeneralhappinessreporttheirannualincomeanddetailtheirmonthlyspendingincludingbillsgiftsforthemselvesgiftsforothersanddonationstocharity.RegardlessofhowmuchincomeeachpersonmadethosewhospentmoneyonothersreportedgreaterhappinesswhilethosewhospentmoreonthemselvesdidnotDunnsaidinastatement.Dunn’steamalsosurveyed16employeesatacompanyinBostonbeforeandaftertheyreceivedanannualprofit-sharingbonusofbetween$3000and$8000.Employeeswhodevotedmoreoftheirbonustopro-social有益社会的spendingexperiencedgreaterhappinessafterreceivingthebonusandthemannerinwhichtheyspentthatbonuswasamoreimportantpredictoroftheirhappinessthanthesizeofthebonusitselftheywroteintheirreportpublishedinthejournalSciencE.Theygavetheirvolunteers$5or$20andhalfgotclearinstructionsonhowtospendit.Thosewhospentthemoneyonsomeoneorsomethingelsereportedfeelinghappieraboutit.Thesefindingssuggestthatveryminoralterationsinspendingallocations分配--aslittleas$5--maybeenoughtoproducerealgainsinhappinessonagivendayDunnsaiD.28.Accordingtothepassage________.A.themoremoneyyouspendonothersthehappieryouareB.spendingmoneyonotherscanbringyouhappinessC.ElizabethDunnisapsychologistfromHarvestBusinessSchoolD.sixhundredvolunteerstookpartintheexperiment29.The16employeesmentionedinthepassage_________.A.weregivenclearinstructionsonhowtospendthebonusB.hadmorehappinessthanthesizeofthebonusitselfC.experiencedgreaterhappinessafterreceivingtheirbonusD.felthappieraftertheycontributedmuchofthebonustocharities30.Dunn’sstatementsuggestedthat________.A.thosewhospentmoneyonothersfelthappiernomatterhowmuchtheyearnedB.thosewhospentmoremoneyonthemselvesfelthappierC.peoplethoughtspendingmoneycouldmakethemselveshappierD.themoneyspentwasasimportantasthemoneyearned31.Thebesttitleofthispassageis________.A.ExperimentonMoneySpendingB.DevotingYourMoneytoCharitiesC.SpendingMoneyonOthersMakesOneHappierD.BonusandPro-socialSpending
ThetownofGreenBankWestVirginiaisthesiteofthelargestradiotelescopeintheworldsoInternetconnectionsandanythingelsethatcancreateelectromagnetic电磁的wavessuchassmartphonesandmicrowaveovensarebanneD.GreenBankisfrozenintimesomewhereinthe1950sbecausethere’sa33000-square-kilometerzoneofsilenceduetothetelescopE.Cellphonetowersareforbidden.Thecloseryougettothetelescopethegreatertherestrictions.There’sa16-kilometerradius半径aroundtheobservatorywhereradio-controlleditemseventoyscannotbeuseD.Telescopeemployeesevenworkinaspecialroomthatblockselectromagneticwavesfromleavingit.Hereimagineasubmarine潜艇watercannotgetinsideandsothisroomisanelectricsubmarinE.Noelectromagneticwavescangetintothisroomjustasyoucan’tgobeyonditMichaelHolsteinanobservatoryofficersaiD.ThesizeofafootballfieldthetelescopeissosensitivethatitcouldpickupsignalssentfromanalienworlD.Andscientistscan’twaitforthattohappen.Allthesignalsthatwenowreceivewiththehelpoftelescopesaresignalsthatcomefromcosmicobjects—starsgalaxies.WehavenotyetreceivedanythingfromintelligentcivilizationsscientistRichardLynchsaiD.Localpeoplerespecttheworkofthescientists.Yeswearedifferent.Manywouldsaythatwelivetheold-fashionedwayinthepast.Butforusit’sjustthewayoflifethatwehavealwayslivedSherrysaiD.WhenwewanttomeetfriendswejustcalleachotheronawirephonE.AndinsteadofsittinginfrontofyourscreenwetalkwegofishingtothemountainsresidentSherrysaiD.Forthelatestnewsresidentsreadtheweeklylocalnewspaper.Whenshe’slookingforaphonenumberSherryreachesforthephonebook.AndinsteadofFacebookSherryenjoysdailyconversationswithhercustomers.InthistowneveryoneknowseachotherandcommunicationisfacetofacE.8.WhydopeopleinGreenBankliveanold-fashionedlife?A.ThetowniseconomicallylessdevelopeD.B.ElectronicproductswillaffecttheradiotelescopE.C.Theyhavegotusedtoitanddon’twanttochangE.D.Theradiotelescopestopselectronicproductsworkingproperly.9.Whatcanwelearnabouttheradiotelescope?A.Itwassetupaboutinthe1950s.B.Itisinaroomwithoutelectromagnet.C.Itis16-kilometerinradius.D.Ithaspickedupsignalsfromaliens.10.Howdothelocalpeoplefeelabouttheirlife?A.InspireD.B.Unhappy.C.Content.D.WorrieD.11.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.HightechwithtraditionallifeatGreenBankB.RadiotelescopetoreceivealiensignalsC.ThelargestradiotelescopeintheworldD.Old-fashionedlifeatGreenBank
SmoginEuropeandNorthAmericacouldbemorethan25timesmoredeadlythantheaverageairpollutionfoundinChinesecitiesanewstudysuggests.Inthelargesteverstudyofitskindinthedevelopingworldresearcherstestedtheeffectsofairpollutiononthehealthofpeoplein272citiesinChinA.TheyfoundaverageannualexposuretofineparticlesknownasPM2.5inthosecitieswasmorethanfivetimeshigherthanthelevelrecommendedbytheWorldHealthOrganizationWHOaccordingtoapaperintheAmericanJournalofRespiratoryandCriticalCareMedicinE.HowevertheyalsodiscoveredthatitwasmuchlesslikelytoincreasethedeathratethanPM2.5inEuropeandNorthAmericA.TheresearchersledbyDrMaigengZhouoftheChineseCentreforDiseaseControlandPreventionsuggestedthiswasbecauseChinaisaffectedbylargeamountsofnaturaldustblownbythewindfromaridareaswhilemostpollutionintheWestcomesfromindustry.Theyfoundthatforeveryincreaseof10microgramsofairpollutioninacubicmeterofairthemortalityrateincreasedby0.22percentdiscountingdeathsfromaccidents.ProfessorFrankKellyanexpertinenvironmentalhealthatKing’sCollegeLondonwhowasnotinvolvedinthestudybuthasstudiedairpollutioninChinatoldTheIndependent:ThoserelativerisksareconsiderablylessthanthoseseeninEuropeandtheUS.Formortality死亡率inEuropeweareworkingonasixpercentincreaseper10micrograms.ThatsuggestsairpollutioninEuropeisabout27timesmoretoxicthanaverageairpollutioninChinA.HoweverProfessorKellysaidcitieslikeBeijingShanghaiandHongKongwerelikelytosufferfromWestern-styleairpollution.ThenaturaldustcomponentthereisnotofthemagnitudethatitwoulddwarfthecoalbiomassandfossilfuelsignalshesaidThatmaybetrueincertaincitieswhosepollutionisnotdominatedbylocalpowergenerationormajortrafficcongestion.Naturaldustparticlescancausephysicaldamagetothelungsandtriggeranasthmaattack.Particlesofcarbonproducedwhenfossilfuelsareburnedcanleadtosimilarproblemsbuttheyarealsocoatedwithtoxicheavymetalschemicalsandvolatileorganiccompounds.Theseareabletopassfromthelungsintothebloodstreamwhereitisthoughttheycausefurtherdamagetothebody.AreebaHamidanairpollutioncampaignerwithenvironmentalgroupGreenpeacesaid:Poisonousaircausesdamagetopeople’shealthwhereverintheworldtheylivE.Wenowknowfumesfromdiesel柴油机vehiclesarealotmorepoisonousthancarcompaniesclaimedandthisisabigcauseofairpollutioninEuropeandNorthAmericA.Thesecompanieshavealottoanswerforbutsofarthey’vemanagedtoavoidanyrealaccountability.ThestudyofcitiesinChinafoundtheaverageannualexposetoPM2.5was56microgramspercubicmetercomparedtotheWHOguidelinelimitforsafeairqualityof10micrograms.Peoplewhowereolderthan75hadlesseducationorwholivedinhotterplacesweremorelikelytodiE.ItisthoughtpeopleinwarmercitiesweremorelikelytospendtimeoutsideorleavetheirwindowsopentherebybreathingmorepollutedairtheresearcherssaiD.Theyalsospeculatedthatlesswelleducatedpeoplemighthavepooreraccesstohealthcareorexperiencepoorerenvironmentalhealthconditions.62.WhyPM2.5inChinaislessdeadlythanthatinEuropeandNorthAmerica?A.ChinaisfreefromanypollutionaboutPM2.5.B.PollutantsaffectingChinamainlycomefromaridareas.C.FewerpeoplediedfromPM2.5inChinathanthoseinEuropeandNorthAmericA.D.EuropeandNorthAmericaarepollutedbynaturaldust.63.WhatdoestheunderlinedpartinPara7referto?A.TheaveragemortalityratE.B.ThehighermortalityratE.C.ThelowermortalityratE.D.ThenormalmortalityratE.64.What’stherealcauseofairpollutioninEuropeandNorthAmericaaccordingtoAreebaHamid?A.Fumesfromdieselvehiclesaremuchmorepoisonous.B.Theenvironmentalagenciescan’ttakeonresponsibilities.C.Thetechnologydoesn’tmeetthestandards.D.Carcompaniescan’tevaluatetheresults.65.Theauthor’spurposeofwritingthepassageisto________.A.appealtopeopletolayanemphasisonenvironmentalprotection.B.illustratesmoginEuropeandNorthAmericaisquiteserious.C.demonstrateChinaissafestplaceintheworldtolivein.D.providesomegoodwaystoaddressthesmog.
Patientsanddoctorsalikehavelongbelievedinthehealing治疗powerofhumor.Itisclaimedthathumornotonlyaffectspatients'moodsbutcanactuallyhelpthemrecoverfaster.Severalstudiesseemtosupportthis.Patientsinbetterspiritsareknowntohavealargernumberofimmunecells免疫细胞.Somehaveevenclaimedtohavehealedthemselvesofseriousillnessesbyreadingcomicsandwatchingcomedies.DespiteallthismanyresearchersarenotconvinceD.Theypointoutthefactthatmanysufferingshavebeenknowntodisappearnaturallywithorwithoutadailydoseoflaughter.Theyalsosaythatwhileoptimismingeneraldoesseemtoberelatedtobetterhealthitishardtotellwhichcomesfirst.Humorintimesofstresshoweverclearlymakesusfeelbetter.Ononelevelittakesourmindsoffourtroublesandrelaxesus.Onanotheritreleasespowerfulendorphinsachemicalproducedbyyourbodythatreducespain.Therearecaseswheretheappreciationofagoodjokeisindeeddirectlyrelatedtoaperson'shealth.Itcanshowforexamplewhetherapersonhassuffereddamagetooneparticularareaofthebrain:therightfrontallobe额叶.Scientistsconfirmedthisbyhavingpeoplereadjokesandaskingthemtochoosethefunniestendingsfromalist.Subjectswithnormalbrainsusuallychoseendingsthatwerebasedonarelativelycomplexsynthesis综合ofideas.Subjectswithspecificallylocatedbraindamagehoweverrespondedonlytoslapstick闹剧endingswhichdidnotdependonaparticularcontext.Whenpressedthebrain-damagedsubjectssawthelogicinthecorrectendings.Theysimplydidnotfindthemfunny.Ofcoursehumorislargelyanindividualmatter.Nexttimeyourfrienddoesnotgetoneofyourjokesthereisnoneedtoaccusehimofbeingalame-brain脑残.Howeveryoumightsuggestthathelightenup-forthehealthofit.12.Whatdoestheunderlinedthisinthesecondparagraphreferto?A.Thefactthathappypatients'havemoreimmunecells.B.Thefactthatpatientsanddoctorsbelieveinhumorouspatients.C.Thefactthathumorhelpsimprovepatients'moodsandrecovery.D.Thefactthatcomediesandcomicshelpcurepatientsoftheirdiseases.13.Howdoeshumorhelpreduceourstress?A.ByprovidinguswithoptimismandcouragE.B.Byhelpingreducethenumberofimmunecells.C.Bymakinguslaughoutloudtoforgetourtroubles.D.Bydistracting分散ourattentionandreleasingpain-reducingchemicals.14.Whatcantheexperimentinthesixthparagraphconfirm?A.Therelationshipbetweengoodjokesandpeople'shealth.B.Theconnectionbetweenbeginningsandendings.C.Therelationshipbetweencomplexideasandbrains.D.TheconnectionbetweenjokesandbraindamagE.15.Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.Humorcontributestogoodhealth.B.Whichcomesfirsthumororhealth?C.Peopleneedhumorintimesofstress.D.Humorcancuredifferentillnesses.
Newresearchattemptingtothrowlightuponhowmaleandfemalebrainsdifferhasfoundthattimingiseverything.AmericanVanderbiltUniversityresearchersStephenCamarataandRichardWoodcockdiscoveredthatfemaleshaveasignificantadvantageovermalesintimedtestsandtasks.Thestudyinvolvedmorethan8000malesandfemalesranginginagefrom2to90fromacrosstheUS.WefoundhardlyanydifferencesinoverallintelligencE.ButwediscoveredthatfemalesperformedbetterthanmenintimelimitedsituationsCamaratasaidItisveryimportantforteacherstounderstandthisdifferenceinmalesandfemaleswhenitcomestoassigningworkandtests.ManymalescandoabetterjobwithoutstricttimelimitsaddedCamaratA.Considerthatmanyclassroomactivitiesincludingtestingaredirectlyorindirectlyrelatedtoprocessingspeedtheresearcherswroteintheirreport.Thehigherperformanceinfemalesmaycontributetoaclassroomculturethatfavorsfemalesnotbecauseofteacherbias偏见butbecauseofinherent与生俱来的differencesingenderprocessingspeeds.TheresearchersfoundthatmalesscoredlowerthanfemalesinallagegroupsintestsmeasuringprocessingspeeD.Howeverthestudyalsofoundthatmalesconsistentlyoutperformedfemalesinsomelanguageabilitiessuchasidentifyingobjectsandknowingantonyms反义词andsynonyms同义词.Theresearchcontradictsthepopularbeliefthatgirlsdevelopallcommunicationskillsearlierthanboys.Theresearchersfoundnosignificantoverallintelligencedifferencesbetweenmalesandfemalesinanyagegroups.WebelievetherearefundamentaldifferencesinhowmaleandfemalebrainsendupgettingorganizedCamaratasaidOurnextstudieswillgiveussomeinsightintowheretheseprocessingdifferencesareoccurring.46.Thenewresearchreferredtointhepassageisintendedto________.A.findwhetheragehassomethingtodowithpeople'sintelligenceB.helpteacherstoassignworkandarrangetestsforstudentsC.findwhat'sthedifferencesbetweenmaleandfemalebrainsD.provethedifferencesinprocessingspeedbetweenmalesandfemales47.Theunderlinedwordoutperformedinthefifthparagraphprobablymeans________.A.toachievebetterresultsthansomeoneB.toperformworseinsomeaspectthansomeoneC.todosomethingaswellassomeoneD.tobenotsogoodatsomethingassomeone48.Peopleusuallybelievethat________.A.there'rehardlyanydifferencesbetweenmales'andfemales'overallintelligenceB.teachersfavorgirlstudentsinsteadofboystudentsinschoolsC.girlsdeveloptheirlanguageskillsearlierthanboysD.femaleshaveasignificantadvantageovermalesinallsubjects49.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A.Theresearchersinterviewedmorethan8000malesandfemalesallovertheworlD.B.Generallyspeakingmalescandobetterjobswithstricttimelimitsthanfemales.C.Femalesscoredhigherthanmalesinanyagegroupsinanysituations.D.Thedifferencesingenderprocessingspeedsoccurwhenpeopleareborn.50.Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthepassage?A.Theresearcherswillcontinuetostudyhowthegenderdifferencesintimingoccur.B.A.femalemathematicianwillmakegreaterachievementsthanamaleonE.C.SchoolteachershavealreadyknownabouttheseprocessingdifferencesbeforE.D.Ifagirlhasahigherprocessingspeedthanaboyshemustbemoreintelligentthanhim.
Sincethe1970sscientistshavebeensearchingforwaystolinkthebrainwithcomputers.Brain-computerinterface界面BCItechnologycouldhelppeoplewithdisabilitiessendcommandstomachines.RecentlytworesearchersJoseMilanandMicheleTavellafromtheFederalPolytechnicschoolingLausanneSwitzerlanddemonstrated展示asmallroboticwheelchairdirectedbyaperson'sthoughts.InthelaboratoryTavellaoperatedthewheelchairjustbythinkingaboutmovinghisleftorrighthanD.Hecouldeventalkashewatchedthevehicleandguideditwithhisthoughts.Ourbrainhasbillionsofnervecells.Thesesendsignalsthroughthespinalcord脊髓tothemusclestogiveustheabilitytomovE.ButspinalcordinjuriesorotherconditionscanpreventtheseweakelectricalsignalsfromreachingthemusclesTavellasays.Oursystemallowsdisabledpeopletocommunicatewithexternalworldandalsotocontroldevices.Theresearchersdesignedaspecialcapfortheuser.Thisheadcoverpicksupthesignalsfromthescalp头皮andsendsthemtoacomputer.Thecomputerinterpretsthesignalsandcommandsthemotorizedwheelchair.Thewheelchairalsohastwocamerasthatidentifyobjectsinitspath.Theyhelpthecomputerreacttocommandsfromthebrain.Prof.Milantheteamleadersaysscientistskeepimprovingthecomputersoftwarethatinterpretsbrainsignalsandturnsthemintosimplecommands.ThepracticalpossibilitiesthatBCItechnologyofferstodisabledpeoplecanbegroupedintwocategories:communicationandcontrollingdevices.Oneexampleisthiswheelchair.Hesayshisteamhassettwogoals.Oneistestingwithrealpatientssoastoprovethatthisisatechnologytheycanbenefitfrom.AndtheotheristoguaranteethattheycanusethetechnologyoverlongperiodsoftimE.8.BCIisatechnologythatcan_________________.A.helptoupdatecomputersystemsB.linkthehumanbrainwithcomputersC.helpthedisabledtorecoverD.controlaperson'sthoughts9.HowdidTavellaoperatethewheelchairinthelaboratory?A.Bycontrollinghismuscles.B.BytalkingtothemachinE.C.BymovinghishanD.D.ByusinghisminD.10.Theteamwilltestwithrealpatientsto.A.makeprofitsfromthemB.provethetechnologyusefultothemC.makethemlivelongerD.learnabouttheirphysicalcondition11.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A.SwitzerlandtheBCIResearchCenterB.NewFindingsAboutHowtheHumanBrainWorksC.BCICouldMeanMoreFreedomfortheDisabledD.RoboticVehiclesCouldHelptoCureBrainInjuries
ResearchersattheUniversityofKansassaythatpeoplecanaccuratelyjudge90percentofastranger'spersonalitysimplybylookingattheperson'sshoes.ShoesconveyusefulinformationabouttheirwearerstheauthorswroteinthenewstudypublishedintheJournalofResearchinPersonality.LeadresearcherOmriGillathsaidthejudgmentswerebasedonthestylecostcolorandconditionofsomeone'sshoes.Inthestudy63UniversityofKansasresearcherslookedatpicturesshowing208differentpairsofshoeswornbythestudy'sparticipants.VolunteersinthestudywerephotographedintheirmostcommonlywornshoesandthenfilledoutapersonalityquestionnairE.Someoftheresultswereexpected:PeoplewithhigherincomesmostcommonlyworeexpensiveshoesandflashiershoesweretypicallywornbyoutgoingpeoplE.Howeversomeofthemorespecificresultsarestrangeenough.Forexamplepracticalandfunctional''shoesweregenerallywornbymorepleasantpeoplewhileanklebootsweremorelinkedwithaggressivepersonalities.Thestrangestofallmaybethatthosewhoworeuncomfortablelookingshoestendtohavecalmpersonalities.AndifyouhaveseveralpairsofnewshoesortakeextremecareofthemyoumaysufferfromattachmentanxietyspendinglotsoftimeworryingaboutwhatotherpeoplethinkofyourappearancE.Therewasevenapoliticalcalculationinthemixwithmoreliberal主张变革的typeswearingshabbierandlessexpensiveshoes.Theresearchersnotedthatsomepeoplewillchooseshoestylestomasktheiractualpersonalitiesbutresearchersnotedthatvolunteerswerealsolikelytobeunawarethattheirfootwearchoiceswereshowingthedeepsideoftheirpersonalities.42.Whatdoesthistextmainlytellus?A.ShoesCallhidepeople'srealpersonalities.B.Shoesconveyfalseinformationaboutthewearer.C.People'spersonalitiescallbejudgedbytheirshoes.D.Peopleknowlittleabouttheirpersonalities.43.Whichoftheresultsisbeyondpeople'sexpectation?A.Wealthypeopleoftenwearexpensiveshoes.B.Pleasantpeoplelikewearinguncomfortableshoes.C.Aggressivepeoplearelikelytowealankleboots.D.Flashiershoesaretypicallywornbyoutgoingpeople.44.PeoplesufferingfromattachmentanxietytendtoA.wearstrangeshoesB.worryabouttheirappearanceC.haveacalmcharacterD.becomeapoliticalleader45.TheauthorwrotethetextinordertoA.informusofanewstudyB.introducearesearchmethodC.teachhowtochooseshoesD.describedifferentpersonalities
T.hebedshouldbereservedasaplaceforsleepbutpeopletendtoreadaniPadalotinbedbeforetheygotosleep.CharlesCzeisleraprofessoratHarvardMedicalSchoolandhiscolleaguesgotasmallgroupofpeopleforanexperiment.ForfivedaysinarowthepeoplereadeitherapaperbookoraniPadforfourhoursbeforesleep.Theirsleeppatternsweremonitoredallnight.Beforeandaftereachtrialperiodthepeopletookhourlybloodteststopaintaday-longpictureofjusthowmuchmelatonin褪黑激素wasintheirbloodatanygiventime.WhensubjectsreadontheiPadascomparedtothepaperbookstheyreportedfeelinglesssleepyatnightandlessactivethefollowingmorning.PeoplealsotooklongertofallasleepontheiPadnightsandthebloodtestsshowedthattheirmelatoninsecretion分泌wasdelayedbyanhourandahalf.Theresearchersconcludeintoday'sjournalarticlethatgivestheriseofe-readersandtheincreasinglywidespreaduseofe-thingsamongchildrenandadolescentsmoreresearchintothelong-termconsequencesofthesedevicesonhealthandsafetyisurgentlyneeded.CzeislerandcolleaguesgoonintheresearchpapertonoteReadinganiPadinbedmayincreasecancerrisk.Howeversoftwarehasbeendevelopedthatcanreducesomeofthebluelightfromthescreensofphonesandcomputersaccordingtotimeofdayandtherearealsoglassesthataremadetofilter过滤shortwavelengths.Whiletheyseemlikealogicalsolutionforthenighttimetechusersitneedsmoreresearch.21.InCharlesCzeisler'sexperimentallthesubjectswereaskedto______.A.sitinarowandreceivethestricttestsB.havetheirsleeppatternsobservedallnightC.readapaperbookandaniPadatthesametimeD.havetheirbloodtestedperhourduringthetrial22.ThethirdparagraphtellsustheiPadreaderswerelikelyto______.A.feellesssleepyandtiredinthedayB.fallasleepmoreeasilyafterreadingC.havealotmoremelatoninsecretionD.becomelessenergeticthenextmorning23.Thespecialsoftwarerecentlydevelopedcan______.A.removethebluelightfromyourdevicescompletelyB.helppreventeyesbeingharmedbyshortwavelengthC.weakentheharmdonebydoingnighttimee-readingD.beusedinallthee-thingswidelyandsafely24.What'sthispassagemainlyabout______A.Noe-readinginbedbeforesleepB.Newsoftwarefornighte-readersC.WrongbehaviorsbeforebedtimeD.NogamesoniPadinbed.
AnyonewhohaseverplayedthegameofTetris俄罗斯方块knowsthegame’ssurrealabilitytospillintoreallifE.AfteryoushutoffthegameyoustillseethoseTetrisblocksfallinginyourminD.You'regroceryshoppingandfindyourselfthinkingaboutrearrangingitemsongroceryshelves.Yourmindcontinuestoplaythegameevenwhenyou'rephysicallynot.RobertStickgoldaHarvardprofessornoticedsomethingsimilarafteradayhikingamountain.Thatnighthedreamthewasstillgoingthroughthemotionsofmountainhiking.Curiousaboutthishetriedsomething:hegotagroupofcollegestudentsofvariousskilllevelstoplayTetrisandletthemsleepintheHarvardsleeplaB.Over60%ofthestudentsincludingthosewhosufferedfromamnesia键忘症reporteddreamsofimagesofTetrispiecesfallingrotating旋转andfittingtogether.InterestinglyhalftheTetrisexpertstudentsreportedsuchTetrisdreamswhile75%ofthebeginnersdiD.AstudyfoundthatplayingTetriscangrowyourbrainandmakeitmoreefficient.Adolescentgirlsplayedthegameforanaverageof1.5hoursaweekoverthreemonths.Thecerebralcortex大脑皮层ofthegirlsgrewthickerwhilebrainactivityinotherareasdecreaseD.RichardHaierwhohadfoundthattherewasaTetrislearningeffectinwhichthebrainconsumedlessenergyasmasteryofthegameroseconcludedThebrainislearningwhichareasnottousE.Haier'sstudyshowedthatasthegirlspracticedplayingthegamenervecellsmadeconnectionscommunicatingthroughsynapsesasynapseisaconnectionbetweentwonervecells.Whenyoulearnsomethingyouchangethoseconnections.Everytimeyoureactivate激活acircuitsynapticefficiencyincreasesandconnectionsbecomemoredurableandeasiertoreactivatE.Stickgoldsayssleepplaysaroleinthismemoryprocess.SotosumupwheneveryoudospecifictasksoverandoveragaintheytakeuplessofyourbrainpowerovertimE.Andthat’sprettyamazing.5.Whatdoestheunderlinedpart‘surrealability’inthefirstparagraphmean?A.ThegamecanhelppeoplearrangethingsinlifE.B.ThegamecanbeappliedtomanyaspectsoflifE.C.TherearegreatsimilaritiesbetweenthegameandthingsinlifE.D.Themindcontinuestoplaythegamewhenwearedoingotherthings.6.WhatcanwelearnfromStickgold’sstudy?A.MorethanhalfofthestudentsdreamedofimagesofTetris.B.Studentshavingbadmemoriesdidn’tdreamofthegamE.C.TheTetrisexpertstudentsweremorelikelytodreamofthegamethanthebeginners.D.MorethanhalfoftheTetrisexpertstudentsdidn’tdreamofthegamE.7.PlayingTetrisforalongtimecanhelp_________.①growone’sbrain②one’sbrainfunctionefficiently③arrangethingstidilyinlife④improvetheadaptabilityofone’sbrainA.①②③B.①②④C.②③④D.①③④8.Thepurposeofthepassageisto_________.A.encouragepeopletoplayTetrisB.warnpeopletofocuswhiledoingthingsC.warnpeoplenottoplaygamesbeforesleepD.tellpeopletheywillimproveatsomethingiftheykeepdoingit
Aroundtheworldeggshavebeenabreakfaststaple重要部分forallgoodreasons.Afterallaneggisastorehouseofvitalnutrientsmakingitanessentialpartofahealthydiet.Andforthoseofyouwhoareafraidofhavingthispowerfoodbecauseyou'reworriedthatitwilladdtoyourweightrememberoneeggcontainsabout80caloriesandaboutfivegramsoffat.Hencesmartconsumptionisafarhealthieroption.Eggsareawell-knownrichsourceofprotein—animportantbuildingblockofbonesmusclesskinandblooD.Thebodyusesproteintobuildandrepairtissuesaswellasmakingotherbodychemicals.Unfortunatelyunlikefatandcarbohydrates碳水化合物thebodydoesnotstoreproteinandthereforehasnoreservoirtodrawonwhenitneedsanewsupply.Thuseggsaretheperfectsourcesandasmartfoodchoiceforthosewhoreducetheirintakeofcarbohydratesinabittoloseextraweight.Anotherimportantnutrientyou'llfindabundantlyineggwhiteisriboflavinorVitaminB2.Andforallofyouwonderingwhat'sthebenefitofthisnutrientRiboflavinisawater-soluble水溶性vitaminwhichisinvolvedinvitalprocessesinthebodyandisnecessaryfornormalcellfunctiongrowthandenergyproduction.Theyolkwhichmanyofusavoidoutoffearisactuallyaveryhealthyfoodifconsumedinmoderation适度.Mainlyfattheyolkcontains1.33gmofcholesterol胆固醇per100gmsandisarichsourceofvitaminAB.vitaminscalciumphosphorous磷andiron.Incidentallytheironfoundintheyolkiseasilydigestedinthebody.Accordingtonutritionexpertsonecaneatonewholeeggeverydaywithoutharmingone'scholesterolandotherblood-fatlevels.Butforthosewhocraveformoreeggsyoucanreducefatbyhavingonewholeeggandthewhitesoftherestoftheeggs.8.Eggsareregardedasimportantinbreakfastbecause__________.A.itisacustomtohaveeggsinthebreakfast.B.theyaresoldatalowpricE.C.theyarehighincaloriesandlowinfat.D.theycanprovidepeoplewithmanynutrients.9.Whenourbodyisshortofproteinwemay____________.A.feeltiredandsleepy.B.feeldiscomfortinourlegs.C.gettiredofeatingeggs.D.beeagerforotherchemicals.10.Whichofthefollowingistrueaboutprotein?.A.Itcan’tbestoredinthebody.B.Fatcanbechangedintoprotein.C.ItisakindofcarbohydratE.D.Ourbodycanonlygetproteinfromeggs.11.Wecaninferfromthelastparagraphthat____________.A.theauthorsuggestsweonlyeatthewhitesofeggs.B.eatingenoughyolkcanreducecholesterolinthebody.C.ironandphosphorousintheyolkaredifficulttodigest.D.highblood-fatlevelcandoharmtoourhealth
AssistantProfessorMusicalTheatreDanceWichitaStateUniversityseekstohireafull-time9-monthassistantprofessorbeginningAugust2016.Applicantsarerequiredtohaveadegreeindanceteachingexperienceattheprofessionalorcollegelevelabilitytodirectandabilitytoteachstagemovement.SalarydependsonqualificationsandexperiencE.Forcompleteinformationseehttp://finearts.wichitA.edu.Associate/FullProfessorinTheatreandDanceTheDepartmentofTheatre&DanceattheUniversityofCaliforniaatSanDiegohttp://www-theatrE.ucsD.edu/isseekinganexperiencedtheatreartistinlightingdesign.SignificantprofessionalexperienceisrequireD.AreviewofapplicationswillstartonJune12016.Applicationdeadline:September12016.TechnicalDirectorinPerformingandFineArtsDeSalesUniversity’sPerformingandFineArtsDepartmentseeksahighlyskilledprofessionaltechnicaldirector.Thepositionisa10-monthstaffpositionwiththepossibilityforsummeremploymentwiththePennsylvaniaShakespeareFestival.BAdegreeorequivalentprofessionalexperienceisrequired;MFAispreferreD.Pleaseemailmaterialstojohn.belldesales.edu.ScreeningofapplicationsbeginsimmediatelyandwillcontinueuntilthepositionisfilleD.AssistantDirectorofMediaResourcesCenterMarylandInstituteCollegeofArtisseekinganAssistantDirectorofMediaResourcesCenterintheAcademicAffairsDivision.PositionqualificationsincludeadegreeinArtHistoryorrelatedfieldwithknowledgeofartanddesignhistorylibraryexperienceexcellentinterpersonalandcommunicationskillsandfamiliaritywithPhotoshopandscanning.Areviewofapplicationswillbeginimmediately.ApplicantsmayemailaletterofinteresttojobsmicA.edu.SalarydiffersdependingonyourexperiencE.Pleaseincludedesiredsalaryinyourletterofinterest.ApplicationInterestedpersonsshouldelectronicallysubmitacoverletterhighlightingtheirexperienceandqualificationsandnamesofthreeprofessionalreferenceswithphoneandemailcontactinformationusingtheApplyNowlinkabovE.21.WichitaStateUniversityoffers______.A.aparttimeandassistantprofessorjobB.ajobpeoplecanworkformanyyearsC.aflexiblepaytothefutureassistantprofessorD.workthatrequirepeopletoactonthestage22.Ifyouaregoodatcommunicatingwithothersyoushouldapplyto_____.A.DeSalesUniversityB.WichitaStateUniversityC.theUniversityofCaliforniaD.MarylandInstituteCollegeofArt23.Wecanprobablyfindtheadinthesectionof_____.A.EmploymentInformationB.InformationTechnologyC.AroundtheWorldD.Teen’sGarden
ResearchersinChinaandtheUnitedStateshavedevelopedanewcataract白内障treatmentwithcellsthathasrestoredvisioninbabiesinatrialandmayeventuallybeusedinadults.Thetreatment-bydoctorsandstaffmembersattheUniversityofCaliforniaSanDiegoSchoolofMedicineandSichuanandSunYat-senuniversitiesinChina-waspublishedinMarch9editionofthescientificjournalNaturE.Acataractisacloudingofthenormallyclearlens晶体ofaneyE.TypicalcataractoperationinvolvestheremovalofthecloudylensandtheinsertionofanartificialonE.Thenewoperationhasbeentestedinanimalsandduringasmallhumantrial.Itresultedinfewercomplications并发症thanthecurrentharmfuloperationandinregrownlenseswithsuperiorvisualfunctioninall12ofthebabycataractpatientswhoreceivedtheprocedurE.Acongenitalcataract-lenscloudingthatoccursatbirthorshortlyafter-isimportantcauseofblindnessinchildren.InthenewresearchKandZhangheadofophthalmicgeneticsatUSSanDiego’sShileyEyeInstituteandhiscolleaguesreliedontheregrownpotentialofendogenous同源的stemcells.AccordingtoZhangendogenousstemcellsaredifferentfromotherstemcellsthataretypicallygrowninalaboratorytransplantedintoapatientandcanhaverisksofimmune免疫的rejectioninfectionorcancers.ZhangtoldCBSNewsWeinventedanewoperationtomakeaverysmallopeningatthesideofacataractouslensbagremovethecataractinsideallowtheopeningtohealandpromotepotentiallensstemcellstoregrowanentirelynewlenswithvision.Thehumantrialinvolved12babiesundertheageof2whoweretreatedwiththenewmethodwhile25babiesreceivedtheestandardoperationcarE.Thelattergroupexperiencedahigherincidenceofpos-operationdangerearly-onseteyehighbloodpressureandincreasedlensclouding.Thescientistsreportedfewercomplicationsandfasterhealingamongthe12babieswhohasthenewprocedurE.12.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.TheconceptofthecataractB.AnewcataracttreatmentwithstemcellsC.Badeffectsofpost-operationinthecataractD.Thereasonswhythecataractcomesintobeing13.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribethenewcataracttreatmentaccordingtothepassage?A.ConvenientB.ComfortableC.CheapD.Safe14.Whatcanwelearnaboutthenewcataracttreatment?A.IthasmorerisksB.ItmaybeusedwidelyC.IthasbeenputintopracticewidelyD.Itcanonlyrestorevisioninbabies15.Whatdoestheunderlinedwordcongenitalinthefourthparagraphmean?A.BornB.StrangeC.SeriousD.Dangerous.
OSLOReuters-Sixoftheworld'seightbearspeciesareunderthreatofextinctionaftertheadditionyesterdayofthesunbeartheworld'ssmallesttypeofbeartoaRedListwhichsaysChina'spandaismostatrisk.Thesunbearisthreatenedpartlybypoachers偷猎者whosellitsbile胆汁asmedicinesaidtheWorldConservationUnionwhichrunsthelistofthethreatenedwildlifE.ThingsaregettingworseforallthebearspeciesexcepttheAmericanblackbearwhichisunquestionablyincreasingsaidSimonSmartseniorspeciesadviserfortheUnion.TheadditionofthesunbeartotheauthoritativeRedListafteramajorreviewmeanstheAmericanblackbearandthebrownbearfoundfromEuropetoAlaskaaretheonlytwoofeightspeciesstillconsideredrobust强的.ThesunbearfoundinAsiafromBangladeshtoBorneoandweighinguptoabout70kgwasratedvulnerable脆弱的byexpertsattheUnionwhichconsistsofmorethan80governmentsconservationgroupsandscientists.TheunionsaidtherewereseveralthousandsunbearsinthewilD.Weestimatethatsunbearshavedeclinedbyatleast30percentoverthepast30yearsandcontinuetodeclineatthisspeedsaidRonSteinmetzheadoftheSwiss-basedUnion'ssunbearexpertteam.Scientistsdidnotchangethelevelofthreattoanybearspeciesexceptsunbears.Deforestationlossofhabitattoroadsandcitiesandpoachingareamongrisks.TheAsianblackbeartheslothbearandtheAndeanbearwereallprovedagainasvulnerableafterreassessmentofland-livingbears.ThepolartheonlyspeciesnotreassessedisseparatelyratedasvulnerablE.PandaswereregardedagainasendangeredonestepclosertoextinctionthanvulnerableinspiteofChina'sprotectioneffortsforthebamboo-eaters.33.Howmanykindsofthreatsareparticularlymentionedtobearspecies?A.2.B.3.C.4.D.5.34.Accordingtothetextpandas.A.areinthegreatestdangerofextinctionontheRedListB.areinlessdangerofextinctionnowwiththeChina'sprotectioneffortsC.areonestepclosertoextinctionthaneverbeforeD.arenotamongthe8bearsmentionedinthetext35.Wecaninferfromthetextthat.A.theWorldConservationUnionisnotinchargeofprotectingwildlifeintheworldB.pandasareratedasendangeredafterthereassessmentC.thereareseveralkindsofland-livingbearsintheworldD.sunbearsremainvulnerablecomparedwith30yearsago
Fromself-drivingcarstodeepseaexplorersmoreandmoreofhumans’tasksarebeingtakenoverbyrobots.Buttechnologydoesn’tstoptherE.Inmid-AugustreportedtheBBCscientistsfromCambridgeUniversitydevelopedaroboticsystemthatmeantarobotcouldbuildotherrobotseachonebetterthantheprevious以前的generation.TheBBCnotedthatthoseconcernedaboutmachinestakingovertheworldshouldn’tworry.Howeverover1000scientistsandnumerousartificialintelligenceAI人工智能researchers－includingUKastrophysicistStephenHawkingandApplecofounderSteveWozniakoftheUS-broughtthedangeroffullyautonomousweapons自主武器knownaskillerrobotstoourattentionearlierthissummer.Ifanymajormilitary军事的powerpushesaheadwithAIweapondevelopmentaglobalarmsraceisinevitable不可避免的warnedanopenletterreleasedattheInternationalJointConferenceonArtificialIntelligenceheldinBuenosAiresArgentinA.Unlikedrones无人机whichneedahumanhandthiskindofrobotwouldhavesomedecision-makingabilitiesandtheabilitytoactbyitself.WhilewhattheBBCcalledthesesoldersthatneversleepcouldhelpreducebattlefielddeathstheymightalsomakecountriesmorelikelytogointobattlewhichwouldleadtomoredeathsoverallnotedthescientists.Theriskstheysaidcouldbefargreaterthanthoseposedbynuclearweapons.Scientistscalledforabanonoffensive攻击性的autonomousweaponsbeyondmeaningfulhumancontrolreportedTheHuffingtonPost....InfactinaninterviewwiththeBBCin2014Hawkingwarnedthatthedevelopmentoffullartificialintelligencecouldspelltheendofthehumanrace.AndaccordingtotheBBCmanyleadingthinkershavebeenthinkingabouttheAI-poweredkillingmachineofthenot-too-distantfuturE.KillerrobotscouldbeherewithinyearsnotdecadesasStuartRussellprofessorofcomputerscienceatUCBerkeleyUSputit.Authoritiesaregraduallywakinguptotheriskofrobotwars.LastMayforthefirsttimetheUnitedNationsbroughtgovernmentstogethertobegintalksonso-calledkillerrobotsinahopeofstoppingsuchweaponswhilethereisstilltimE.MeanwhiletherearescientistswhoarelessworrieD.Theybelievealltechnologieshavepotential潜力forbeingusedforgoodandevilendsandarguethatthebancalledforbytheopenlettercouldclosethedoortodevelopingAItechnologythatcouldsavelives.TechnologycanclearlydobetterthanhumanbeingsinmanycasesRonaldArkindeanattheGeorgiaInstituteofTechnologyinAtlantaUStoldTheChristianScienceMonitor.Ifwearewillingtoturnoversomeofourdecisionmakingtothesemachineswemayactuallygetbetteroutcomes.28.WhatdoesSteveWozniakthinkthefuturerobottechnologymightproduce?A.ArtificialIntelligencE.B.Autonomousweapons.C.Soldiersthatneversleep.D.Killingmachines.29.TheunderlinedwordspellinParagraph7isclosestinmeaningto______.A.causeB.preventC.reachD.change30.WhatdoesStuartRussellmeanbysayingkillerrobotscouldbeherewithinyearsnotdecades.?A.KillerrobotswillvisitUCBerkeleyUSsoonerthanexpecteD.B.KillerrobotswillbeproducedandusedsoonerthanexpecteD.C.KillerrobotswillspeedupthedevelopmentofAIinthenearfuturE.D.KillerrobotswillkillthesescientistsinthenearfuturE.31.Whatisthemainideaofthetext?A.Moreandmoreofhumans’tasksarebeingtakenoverbyrobots.B.Robotshavedecision-makingabilitiesandtheabilitytoactbyitself.C.Scientistscalledforabanonthedevelopmentofrobottechnology.D.Alltechnologieshavepotentialforbeingusedforgoodandevilends.
ResearchersinChinaandtheUnitedStateshavedevelopedanewcataract白内障treatmentwithcellsthathasrestoredvisioninbabiesinatrialandmayeventuallybeusedinadults.Thetreatment—bydoctorsandstaffmembersattheUniversityofCaliforniaSanDiegoSchoolofMedicineandSichuanandSunYat-senuniversitiesinChina—waspublishedintheMarch9editionofthescientificjournalNaturE.Acataractisacloudingofthenormallyclearlens晶体ofaneyE.TypicalcataractoperationinvolvestheremovalofthecloudylensandtheinsertionofanartificialonE.Thenewoperationhasbeentestedinanimalsandduringasmallhumantrial.Itresultedinfewercomplications并发症thanthecurrentharmfuloperationandinregrownlenseswithsuperiorvisualfunctioninall12ofthebabycataractpatientswhoreceivedtheprocedurE.Acongenitalcataract—lenscloudingthatoccursatbirthorshortlyafter—isasignificantcauseofblindnessinchildren.InthenewresearchKangZhangheadofophthalmicgeneticsatUCSanDiego'sShileyEyeInstituteandhiscolleaguesreliedontheregrownpotentialofendogenous同源的stemcells.AccordingtoZhangendogenousstemcellsaredifferentfromotherstemcellsthataretypicallygrowninalaboratorytransplantedintoapatientandcanhaverisksofimmunerejectioninfectionorcancers.ZhangtoldCBSNewsWeinventedanewoperationtomakeaverysmallopeningatthesideofacataractouslensbagremovethecataractinsideallowtheopeningtohealandpromotepotentiallensstemcellstoregrowanentirelynewlenswithVision.Thehumantrialinvolved12babiesundertheageof2whoweretreatedwiththenewmethodwhile25babiesreceivedthestandardoperationcarE.Thelattergroupexperiencedahigherincidenceofpost-operationdangerearly—onseteyehigherbloodpressureandincreasedlensclouding.Thescientistsreportedfewercomplicationsandfasterhealingamongthe12babieswhohadthenewprocedurE.12.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Theconceptofthecataract.B.A.newcataracttreatmentwithstemcells.C.Badeffectsofpost-operationinthecataract.D.Thereasonswhythecataractcomesintobeing.13.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribethenewcataracttreatmentaccordingtothepassage?A.Convenient.B.ComfortablE.C.Cheap.D.SafE.14.Whatcanwelearnaboutthenewcataracttreatment?A.Ithasmorerisks.B.Itmaybeusedwidely....C.IthasbeenputintopracticE.D.ItcanonlyrestoreVisioninbabies.15.Whatdoestheunderlinedwordcongenitalinthefourthparagraphmean?A.Born.B.StrangE.C.Serious.D.Dangerous.
Sciencehasalotofuses.Itcanuncoverlawsofnaturecurediseasesmakebombsandhelpbridgestostandup.Indeedscienceissogoodatwhatitdoesthatthere’salwaysatemptation__todragitintoproblemswhereitmaynotbehelpful.DavidBrooksauthorofTheSocialAnimal:TheHiddenSourcesofLoveCharacterandAchievementappearstobethelatestinalonglineofwriterswhohavefailedtoresistthetemptation.Brooksgainedfameforseveralbooks.HislatestbookTheSocialAnimalhoweverismoreambitiousandseriousthanhisearlierbooks.Itisanattempttodealwithasetofweightytopics.Thebookfocusesonbigquestions:Whathassciencerevealedabouthumannature?Whatarethesourcesofcharacter?Andwhyaresomepeoplehappyandsuccessfulwhileothersaren’t?ToanswerthesequestionsBrookssurveysawiderangeofdisciplines.Consideringthisyoumightexpectthebooktobeadryrecitationoffacts.ButBrookshasstructuredhisbookinanunorthodox非常规的andperhapsunfortunateway.Insteadofintroducingscientifictheorieshetellsastorywithinwhichhetriestomakehispointsperhapsinordertokeepthereader’sattention.SoasHaroldandEricatheheroandheroineinhisstorylivethroughchildhoodwehearaboutthescienceofchilddevelopmentandastheybegintodatewehearaboutthetheoryofsexualattraction.Brookscarriesthisthroughtothedeathofoneofhischaracters.OnthewholeBrooks’sstoryisacceptableifuninspireD.Asonewouldexpecthiswritingismostlyclearandtobefairsomechaptersstandoutabovetherest.IenjoyedforinstancethechapterinwhichHarolddiscovershowtothinkonhisown.WhileHaroldandEricaarecertainlynotstrongormemorablecharactersthemoreseriousproblemswithTheSocialAnimallieelsewherE.TheseproblemspartlyinvolveBrooks’sattempttotranslatehistaleintosciencE.21.Theauthormentionsthefunctionsofscienceatthebeginningofthepassageto__________.A.illustratewheresciencecanbeappliedB.demonstratethevalueofBrooks’snewbookC.remindthereaderoftheimportanceofscienceD.explainwhymanywritersusescienceintheirworks22.Accordingtotheauthorwhichofthefollowingcouldbeastrengthofthebook?A.Itsstrongbasis.B.Itsconvincingpoints.C.Itsclearwriting.D.Itsmemorablecharacters.23.Whatistheauthor’sgeneralattitudetowardsthebook?A.Contradictory.B.SupportivE.C.Cautious.D.Critical.24.Whatistheauthorlikelytowriteaboutafterthelastparagraph?A.Problemswiththebook.B.Brooks’slifeexperiencE.C.Deathofthecharacters.D.Brooks’stranslationskills.
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