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Scotland: A Land of Wisdom In the 1740s, the famous French philosopher Voltaire said "We look to Sc...
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Scotland:ALandofWisdom Inthe1740sthefamousFrenchp
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Shouldwestayorshouldwego?ThisisaquestionthatScotti
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England, Britain, and Wales
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Wales, Scotland, and Great Britain
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Milosevic’sDeathFormerYugoslavleaderSlobodanMilosevicwasfounddeadlastSaturdayinhiscellattheHague-basedInternationalCriminalTribunalfortheformerYugoslavia.The64-year-oldhadbeenontrialtheresinceFebruary2002.BorninprovincialPozarevacin1941hewasthesecondsonofapriestandaschoolteacher.Bothofhisparentsdiedwhenhewasstillayoungadult.TheyoungMilosevicwasuntypicalsaysSlavoljubDjukichisunofficialbiographer.Hewasnotinterestedinsportsavoidedexcursions短途旅行andusedtocometoschooldressedintheold-fashionedway-whiteshirtandtie.Oneofhisoldfriendssaidhecouldimaginehimasastation-masterorpunctilious一丝不苟的civilservant.IndeedthatisexactlywhathemighthavebecomehadhenotmarriedMira.Shewaswidelybelievedtobehisdrivingforce.Atuniversityandbeyondhedidwell.Heworkedforvariousfirmsandwasacommunistpartymember.By1986hewasheadofSerbia’sCentralCommittee.Butstillhehadnotyetreallybeennoticed.ItwasKosovothatgavehimhischance.AnautonomousprovinceofSerbiaKosovowashometoanAlbanianmajorityandaSerbianminority.In1989hewassenttheretocalmfearsofSerbianswhofelttheywerediscriminatedagainst.Butinsteadheplayedthenationalistcardandbecametheirchampion.Insodoinghechangedintoaruthless无情的anddeterminedman.AthomewithMiraheplottedthedownfallofhispoliticalenemies.Conspiring密谋withthedirectorofSerbianTVhemountedamodernmediacampaignwhichaimedtogethimthemostpowerinthecountry.HewaselectedSerbianpresidentin1990.In1997hebecamepresidentofYugoslavia.Therestofthestoryiswell-knownhisnationalistcardcausedYugoslavia’sotherethnicgroupstofightfortheirownrightspowerandlands.Yugoslaviabrokeupwhenfourofthesixrepublicsdeclaredindependencein1991.Warstartedandlastedforyearsandmillionsdied.ThenWesterncountriesintervened.NATObombedYugoslaviaandheeventuallysteppeddownasstateleaderin2000.SoonafterthisSerbia’snewgovernmentledbyZoranDjindjicarrestedhimandsenthimtofacejusticeattheYugoslavwarcrimestribunalintheHague.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueoftheyoungMilosevic
Milosevic’sDeathFormerYugoslavleaderSlobodanMilosevicwasfounddeadlastSaturdayinhiscellattheHague-basedInternationalCriminalTribunalfortheformerYugoslavia.The64-year-oldhadbeenontrialtheresinceFebruary2002.BorninprovincialPozarevacin1941hewasthesecondsonofapriestandaschoolteacher.Bothofhisparentsdiedwhenhewasstillayoungadult.TheyoungMilosevicwasuntypicalsaysSlavoljubDjukichisunofficialbiographer.Hewasnotinterestedinsportsavoidedexcursions短途旅行andusedtocometoschooldressedintheold-fashionedway-whiteshirtandtie.Oneofhisoldfriendssaidhecouldimaginehimasastation-masterorpunctilious一丝不苟的civilservant.IndeedthatisexactlywhathemighthavebecomehadhenotmarriedMira.Shewaswidelybelievedtobehisdrivingforce.Atuniversityandbeyondhedidwell.Heworkedforvariousfirmsandwasacommunistpartymember.By1986hewasheadofSerbia’sCentralCommittee.Butstillhehadnotyetreallybeennoticed.ItwasKosovothatgavehimhischance.AnautonomousprovinceofSerbiaKosovowashometoanAlbanianmajorityandaSerbianminority.In1989hewassenttheretocalmfearsofSerbianswhofelttheywerediscriminatedagainst.Butinsteadheplayedthenationalistcardandbecametheirchampion.Insodoinghechangedintoaruthless无情的anddeterminedman.AthomewithMiraheplottedthedownfallofhispoliticalenemies.Conspiring密谋withthedirectorofSerbianTVhemountedamodernmediacampaignwhichaimedtogethimthemostpowerinthecountry.HewaselectedSerbianpresidentin1990.In1997hebecamepresidentofYugoslavia.Therestofthestoryiswell-knownhisnationalistcardcausedYugoslavia’sotherethnicgroupstofightfortheirownrightspowerandlands.Yugoslaviabrokeupwhenfourofthesixrepublicsdeclaredindependencein1991.Warstartedandlastedforyearsandmillionsdied.ThenWesterncountriesintervened.NATObombedYugoslaviaandheeventuallysteppeddownasstateleaderin2000.SoonafterthisSerbia’snewgovernmentledbyZoranDjindjicarrestedhimandsenthimtofacejusticeattheYugoslavwarcrimestribunalintheHague.WhywasMilosevicsenttoKosovoin1989
{{*HTML*}}StanfordUniversity??1?StanfordUniversityfamousasoneofnorthernCalifornia’sseveralinstitutionsofhigherlearningissometimescalledtheHarvardoftheWest.TheclosenessofStanfordtoSanFranciscoacitythirty-twomilestothenorthgivestheuniversityadecidedlycosmopolitan世界性的flavor.??2?ThestudentsareenrolledmainlyfromthewesternUnitedStates.ButmostofthefiftystatessendstudentstoStanfordandmanyforeignstudentsstudyhereaswell.Andstandardsforadmissionremainhigh.Youngmenandwomenareselectedtoentertheuniversityfromtheupperfifteenpercentoftheirhighschoolclasses.??3?Notonlybecauseofthehighcaliber素质ofitsstudentsbutalsobecauseofthedesirablelocationandclimateStanfordhasattractedtoitsfacultysomeoftheworld’smostrespectedscholars.TheuniversitystaffhasincludedmanyNobelprizewinnerssuchasDr.FelixBlochDr.RobertHofstadterandDr.WilliamShockleyinphysicsDr.AuthorKornbergandDr.JoshuaLederberginmedicineandDr.PaulJ.FloryandDr.LinusPaulinginchemistry.TheRussiannovelistAleksandrSolzhenistsynhasbeeninresidence.Stanford’sundergraduateschoolofengineeringanditsgraduateschoolsofbusinesslawandmedicineareespeciallywell-regarded.??4?WhatisstudentlifelikeonTheFarm?Culturallythecampusisamagnetforbothstudentsandcitizensofnearbycommunities.Playsconcertsandoperasareperformedintheuniversity’sseveralauditoriumsandinitsoutdoortheaterwheregraduationsarealsoheld.Severalfilmseriesarepresentedduringtheschoolyear.Guestlecturersfrompublicandacademiclifefrequentlyappearoncampus.IntheeveningsmanystudentsgathertosocializeintheStudentUnion’scoffeehouse;herethebeverages饮料andtheatmospherebothhaveadecidedlyEuropeanflavor.Forthesports-mindedtheStanfordcampusoffershighlydevelopedathleticfacilities.TeamsportsswimmingandtrackandfieldactivityareallverymuchpartoftheStanfordpicture.Soarebicyclingandjogging.??5?Inadditiontofinancialsupportfromalumni校友Stanfordreceivesgrantsfromthegovernmentandfromprivatephilanthropic慈善的foundations.Inrecentyearsgovernmentgrantshavemadepossibleadvancedstudiesinthefieldsofhistorypsychologyeducationandatomicenergy.AtpresentStanfordiscarryingoutanambitiousbuildingprogramfinancedinpartbytheFordFoundation’s25milliongrant.Recentlyaddedtothecampusareanewphysicsbuildingnewschoolofbusinessnewgraduateschooloflawnewstudentunionandundergraduatelibrary.{{*HTML*}}A.ColorfulLifeonCampus??B.IntelligentStudentBody??C.SchoolAdministration??D.DistinguishedFaculty??E.SubstantialFinancialSupport??F.TheHarvardoftheWest??Paragraph2______
{{*HTML*}}StanfordUniversity??1?StanfordUniversityfamousasoneofnorthernCalifornia’sseveralinstitutionsofhigherlearningissometimescalledtheHarvardoftheWest.TheclosenessofStanfordtoSanFranciscoacitythirty-twomilestothenorthgivestheuniversityadecidedlycosmopolitan世界性的flavor.??2?ThestudentsareenrolledmainlyfromthewesternUnitedStates.ButmostofthefiftystatessendstudentstoStanfordandmanyforeignstudentsstudyhereaswell.Andstandardsforadmissionremainhigh.Youngmenandwomenareselectedtoentertheuniversityfromtheupperfifteenpercentoftheirhighschoolclasses.??3?Notonlybecauseofthehighcaliber素质ofitsstudentsbutalsobecauseofthedesirablelocationandclimateStanfordhasattractedtoitsfacultysomeoftheworld’smostrespectedscholars.TheuniversitystaffhasincludedmanyNobelprizewinnerssuchasDr.FelixBlochDr.RobertHofstadterandDr.WilliamShockleyinphysicsDr.AuthorKornbergandDr.JoshuaLederberginmedicineandDr.PaulJ.FloryandDr.LinusPaulinginchemistry.TheRussiannovelistAleksandrSolzhenistsynhasbeeninresidence.Stanford’sundergraduateschoolofengineeringanditsgraduateschoolsofbusinesslawandmedicineareespeciallywell-regarded.??4?WhatisstudentlifelikeonTheFarm?Culturallythecampusisamagnetforbothstudentsandcitizensofnearbycommunities.Playsconcertsandoperasareperformedintheuniversity’sseveralauditoriumsandinitsoutdoortheaterwheregraduationsarealsoheld.Severalfilmseriesarepresentedduringtheschoolyear.Guestlecturersfrompublicandacademiclifefrequentlyappearoncampus.IntheeveningsmanystudentsgathertosocializeintheStudentUnion’scoffeehouse;herethebeverages饮料andtheatmospherebothhaveadecidedlyEuropeanflavor.Forthesports-mindedtheStanfordcampusoffershighlydevelopedathleticfacilities.TeamsportsswimmingandtrackandfieldactivityareallverymuchpartoftheStanfordpicture.Soarebicyclingandjogging.??5?Inadditiontofinancialsupportfromalumni校友Stanfordreceivesgrantsfromthegovernmentandfromprivatephilanthropic慈善的foundations.Inrecentyearsgovernmentgrantshavemadepossibleadvancedstudiesinthefieldsofhistorypsychologyeducationandatomicenergy.AtpresentStanfordiscarryingoutanambitiousbuildingprogramfinancedinpartbytheFordFoundation’s25milliongrant.Recentlyaddedtothecampusareanewphysicsbuildingnewschoolofbusinessnewgraduateschooloflawnewstudentunionandundergraduatelibrary.{{*HTML*}}A.theycanfindthebeststudents??B.theuniversity’sacademicadvancementandphysicalextension??C.someofthemostdistinguishedscholarsoftheworld??D.whereasportsmeetisheldeveryyear??E.musthavebeenthetopstudentsintheirclasses??F.mustbehardworking??ThosehighschoolgraduateswhocanenterStanfordUniversity______.
MoreThanaRidetoSchoolTheNationalEducationAssociationclaimsTheschoolbusisamirrorofthecommunity.Theyfurtheraddthatunfortunatelywhatappearsontheexterior外部doesnotalwaysreflecttherealityofachosencommunity.Theyarerightandsometimesitreflectsmore!JustaskLieslDenson.RidingtheschoolbushasbeenmorethanaridetoschoolforLiesl.BruceHardyschoolbusdriverforAlthouseBusCompanyhasbeenLiesl’sbusdriversincekindergarten.LastyearwhenLiesrsfamilymovedtoParkesburgknowingherbuswentbyhernewresidencesherequestedtoridethesamebus.ThisyearLieslisaseniorandwillenjoyherlastyearridingthebus.ShesaysIt’sbeenagreatridesofar!Mybusdriverissocoolandhasalwaysbeenagoodfriendandagoodlistener.Sometimeswhenyou’reachildadultsdonotthinkthatwhatyouhavetosayisimportant.Mr.Hardyalwayslistenstowhatyouhavetosayandmakesyoufeelimportant.HerfriendsAshleyBatistaandAmandaWolfeagree.BruceHardyhasbeenmakingOctorarastudentsfeelspecialsince1975.Thisyearhewillcelebrate30yearsworkingforAlthouseBusTransportation.CompanyPresidentLarryAlthouseacknowledgesBruceHardy’soutstandingrecord.YoudonotcomebyemployeeslikeBrucethesedays;hehasnevermissedadayofworkandhasaperfectdrivingrecord.Recognizedin2000bythePennsylvaniaSchoolBusAssociationfordriving350000accidentfreemilesHardy’sreputationismadefurtherevidentthroughtherelationshipshehasmadewiththestudentsthatridehisbus.AlthousefurtheraddedAlthouseBusTransportationwasestablished70yearsagoandhasbeenprovidingqualitytransportationeversince.Mygrandfatherstartedthebusinesswithonebus.AlthouseBusTransportationisdelightedtohavetheopportunitytobringdistinctiveandsafeservicetoourlocalschoolandcommunityandlooksforwardtocontinuingtoprovidequalityserviceformanymoreyearstocome.Threegenerationsofbusinessisnotallthecompanyhasenjoyed.ThankstodriverslikeBruceHardytheyhavebeenbuildingrelationshipsthroughgenerations.Liesl’smotherCarolalsoenjoysfondmemoriesofridingBruceHardy’sbustotheOctoraraSchoolDistrict.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrueofBruceHardy
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WhoCameFirsttheChickenortheEggIjustmailedthechickenandtheeggeachinitsownseparatepackagingandkeptcarefultrackofwheneachshipmentwassentfromapostofficeinCambridgeMassachusettsandwhenitlaterarrivedatitsintendeddestinationinNewYorkCity.InmailingthechickenIwascarefultoadheretotherestrictionsdescribedintheAmericanPostalService’sDomesticMailManual57asupdatedonApril32003.ThisthemostrecentversionoftheManualstatesthat:AdultchickensmustbesentbyExpressMail.ThecontainersusedmustpassthestandardsinInternationalSafeTransitAssociationTestProcedureIA;bestrongenoughtoendurenormalhandling;andensureenoughairforthechickensintransit...Thenumberofbirdsmustnotbemorethan1hecontainer’slimit.Imailedthechickeninawoodenboxgotfromacolleaguewhodoesresearchwithbirds.ThenImailedtheegginstandardpackagingobtainedthroughanindustrialsupplier.It’squitesimple.Ipostedboththechickenandtheeggat9.40amonaMondaymorningfromtheHarvardSquarepostofficeinCambridgeMassachusetts.Thestafftheretoldmethatthiswasthefirstchickenanyonehadmailedfromthereinrecentmemoryandperhapsever.Theyhandledboththechickenandtheeggskillfullyandpolitely.TheintendeddestinationforbothpackageswastheJamesA.FarleyGeneralPostOfficewhichislocatedinManhattanrightnexttothePennStationtrainterminal.ItookthesubwayfromtheHarvardSquaretotheBostontrainstationandfromthereboardedatraintoNewYorkCityadistanceofabout320kilometersarrivinglhatafternoonatPennStation.Iimmediatelywenttothepostofficetoawaitthearrivalsofthechickenandtheegg.TheJamesA.FarleyGeneralPostOfficeisopen24hoursadaysoIwasabletowaitthereuntilbothitemsarrived.Iinquiredonceperhourforboththechickenandtheegg.ThatdayMondayneitherthechickennortheeggarrived.ThenextdayTuesdayneitherthechickennortheeggarrived.Thechickenarrivedat10:31amWednesday.Thestaffatthepostofficetoldmethatthiswasthefirstchickenanyonehadmailedtothepostofficeinrecentmemoryandperhapsever.Theeggarrivedthatsamedayat9.37pm11hoursafterthechicken.Basedonexperimentdatait’snowquiteclearthatthechickencamefirsttheeggsecond.WhydidtheauthorgotoNewYorkCity
TryingtoFindaPartnerOneofthemoststrikingfindingsofarecentpollintheUKisthatofthepeopleinterviewedoneintwobelievesthatitisbecomingmoredifficulttomeetsomeonetostarafamilywith.WhyaremanyfindingitincreasinglydifficulttostartandsustainintimaterelationshipsDoesmodernlifereallymakeithardertofallinloveOrarewemakingitharderforourselvesItiscertainlythecasetodaythatcontemporarycouplesbenefitindifferentwaysfromrelationships.Womennolongerrelyuponpartnersforeconomicsecurityorstatus.Amandoesn’texpecthisspousetobeinsolechargeofrunninghishouseholdandraisinghischildren.Butperhapstheknowledgethatwecanliveperfectlywellwithoutapartnershipmeansthatittakesmuchmoretopersuadepeopletoabandontheirindependence.Intheoryfindingapartnershouldbemuchsimplerthesedays.Onlyafewgenerationsagoyourchoiceofsoulmate心上人wasconstrained限制bygeographysocialconventionandfamilytradition.Althoughitwasneverexplicitmanymarriageswereessentiallyarranged.Nowthosebarriershavebeenbrokendown.Youcanapproachabuilderorabrainsurgeoninanybarinanycityonanygivenevening.Whentheworldisyouroyster牡蛎yousurelyhaveabetterchanceoffindingapearl.Butitseemsthattheoldconventionshavebeenreplacedbyaneventighterconstraint:thetyrannyofchoice.Theexpectationsofpartnersareinflated提高toanunmanageabledegree:goodlooksimpressivesalarykindtograndmotherandrightsocks.Thereisnoroomforerrorinthefirstimpression.Wethinkthatarelationshipcanbeperfect.Ifitisn’titisdisposable.Weworktoprotectourselvesagainstfutureheartacheanddon’tputinthehardemotionallaborneededtobuildastrongrelationship.Ofcoursethisiscomplicatedbyrealities.Thecostofhousingandchild-rearingcreatespressuretohaveastableincomeandcareerbeforealifepartnership.Whatdoestherecentpollshow
{{*HTML*}}StanfordUniversity??1?StanfordUniversityfamousasoneofnorthernCalifornia’sseveralinstitutionsofhigherlearningissometimescalledtheHarvardoftheWest.TheclosenessofStanfordtoSanFranciscoacitythirty-twomilestothenorthgivestheuniversityadecidedlycosmopolitan世界性的flavor.??2?ThestudentsareenrolledmainlyfromthewesternUnitedStates.ButmostofthefiftystatessendstudentstoStanfordandmanyforeignstudentsstudyhereaswell.Andstandardsforadmissionremainhigh.Youngmenandwomenareselectedtoentertheuniversityfromtheupperfifteenpercentoftheirhighschoolclasses.??3?Notonlybecauseofthehighcaliber素质ofitsstudentsbutalsobecauseofthedesirablelocationandclimateStanfordhasattractedtoitsfacultysomeoftheworld’smostrespectedscholars.TheuniversitystaffhasincludedmanyNobelprizewinnerssuchasDr.FelixBlochDr.RobertHofstadterandDr.WilliamShockleyinphysicsDr.AuthorKornbergandDr.JoshuaLederberginmedicineandDr.PaulJ.FloryandDr.LinusPaulinginchemistry.TheRussiannovelistAleksandrSolzhenistsynhasbeeninresidence.Stanford’sundergraduateschoolofengineeringanditsgraduateschoolsofbusinesslawandmedicineareespeciallywell-regarded.??4?WhatisstudentlifelikeonTheFarm?Culturallythecampusisamagnetforbothstudentsandcitizensofnearbycommunities.Playsconcertsandoperasareperformedintheuniversity’sseveralauditoriumsandinitsoutdoortheaterwheregraduationsarealsoheld.Severalfilmseriesarepresentedduringtheschoolyear.Guestlecturersfrompublicandacademiclifefrequentlyappearoncampus.IntheeveningsmanystudentsgathertosocializeintheStudentUnion’scoffeehouse;herethebeverages饮料andtheatmospherebothhaveadecidedlyEuropeanflavor.Forthesports-mindedtheStanfordcampusoffershighlydevelopedathleticfacilities.TeamsportsswimmingandtrackandfieldactivityareallverymuchpartoftheStanfordpicture.Soarebicyclingandjogging.??5?Inadditiontofinancialsupportfromalumni校友Stanfordreceivesgrantsfromthegovernmentandfromprivatephilanthropic慈善的foundations.Inrecentyearsgovernmentgrantshavemadepossibleadvancedstudiesinthefieldsofhistorypsychologyeducationandatomicenergy.AtpresentStanfordiscarryingoutanambitiousbuildingprogramfinancedinpartbytheFordFoundation’s25milliongrant.Recentlyaddedtothecampusareanewphysicsbuildingnewschoolofbusinessnewgraduateschooloflawnewstudentunionandundergraduatelibrary.Onthefacultyoftheuniversitythereare______.
IstheTieaNecessityTiesornecktieshavebeenasymbolofpolitenessandeleganceinBritainforcenturies.ButthecasualPrimeMinisterTonyBlairhasproblemswiththem.Reportssuggestthateventhecivilservantsmaystopwearingties.SoarethefamouslyformalBritishreallygoingtoabandonthenecktiesMaybe.LastweektheUK’sCabinetSecretaryAndrewTurnbullopenlywelcomedatielessera.Hehintedthatcivilservantswouldsoonbefreeofthecostliest12inchesoffabricthatmostmeneverbuyintheirlives.InfactBlairshowedthisattitudewhenhehadhisfirstgueststoacocktailparty.Manyofthemwerecelebrities句名人士withouttieswhichwouldhavebeenunimaginableevenintherecentpast.ForsomemoreconservativeBritishthetieisamustforproperappearance.EarlierLaborleaderJimCallaghansaidhewouldhavediedratherthanhavehischildrenseeninpublicwithoutatie.ForpeoplelikeCallaghanthetiewasasignofbeingcompleteofshowingrespect.Menweresupposedtowearatiewhengoingtochurchtoworkintheofficetoaparty-almosteverysocialoccasion.Buttodaypeoplehavebeguntoacceptacasualstyleevenforformaloccasions.Theoriginofthetieistricky.Itstartedassomethingcalledsimplyaband.Thetermcouldmeananythingaroundaman’sneck.Itappearedinfinerwaysinthe1633s.Frenchmenshowedaloveofthisparticularfashionstatement.Theirneckwear颈饰impressedCharlesIIthekingofEnglandwhowasexiled流放toFranceatthattime.WhenhereturnedtoEnglandin1660hebroughtthisnewfashionitemalongwithhim.Itwasn’thoweveruntilthelate18thcenturythatfancyyoungmenintroducedamorecolorfulflowingpieceofcloththateventuallybecameknownasthetie.Thenclubsmilitaryinstitutionsandschoolsbegantousecoloredandpatternedtiestoindicatethewearer’smembershipinthelate19thcentury.AfterthatthetiebecameanecessaryitemofclothingforBritishgentlemen.Butnowevengentlemenaregettingtiredofties.Anywaytheclayfeelsabiteasierwhenyouwakeupwithouthavingtodecidewhichtiesuitsyouandyourmood.WhobroughttheFrenchmen’sneckweartoBritain
TryingtoFindaPartnerOneofthemoststrikingfindingsofarecentpollintheUKisthatofthepeopleinterviewedoneintwobelievesthatitisbecomingmoredifficulttomeetsomeonetostarafamilywith.WhyaremanyfindingitincreasinglydifficulttostartandsustainintimaterelationshipsDoesmodernlifereallymakeithardertofallinloveOrarewemakingitharderforourselvesItiscertainlythecasetodaythatcontemporarycouplesbenefitindifferentwaysfromrelationships.Womennolongerrelyuponpartnersforeconomicsecurityorstatus.Amandoesn’texpecthisspousetobeinsolechargeofrunninghishouseholdandraisinghischildren.Butperhapstheknowledgethatwecanliveperfectlywellwithoutapartnershipmeansthatittakesmuchmoretopersuadepeopletoabandontheirindependence.Intheoryfindingapartnershouldbemuchsimplerthesedays.Onlyafewgenerationsagoyourchoiceofsoulmate心上人wasconstrained限制bygeographysocialconventionandfamilytradition.Althoughitwasneverexplicitmanymarriageswereessentiallyarranged.Nowthosebarriershavebeenbrokendown.Youcanapproachabuilderorabrainsurgeoninanybarinanycityonanygivenevening.Whentheworldisyouroyster牡蛎yousurelyhaveabetterchanceoffindingapearl.Butitseemsthattheoldconventionshavebeenreplacedbyaneventighterconstraint:thetyrannyofchoice.Theexpectationsofpartnersareinflated提高toanunmanageabledegree:goodlooksimpressivesalarykindtograndmotherandrightsocks.Thereisnoroomforerrorinthefirstimpression.Wethinkthatarelationshipcanbeperfect.Ifitisn’titisdisposable.Weworktoprotectourselvesagainstfutureheartacheanddon’tputinthehardemotionallaborneededtobuildastrongrelationship.Ofcoursethisiscomplicatedbyrealities.Thecostofhousingandchild-rearingcreatespressuretohaveastableincomeandcareerbeforealifepartnership.WhichofthefollowingwasNOTaconstraintonone’schoiceofsoulmateintheolddays
{{*HTML*}}EvenIntelligentPeopleCanFail??1?Thestrikingthingabouttheinnovatorswhosucceededinmakingourmodernworldishowoftentheyfailed.TurnonalighttakeaphotographwatchTVsearchtheWebjetacrossthePacificOceantalkonacellphone手机.Theinnovatorswholeftusthesethingshadtofindthewaytosuccessthroughamaze错综复杂ofwrongturns.??2?Wehavejustcelebratedthe125thanniversaryofAmericaninnovatorThomasEdison’ssuccessinheatingathinlinetowhite-hotheatfor14hoursinhislabinNewJerseyU.S.HedidthatonOctober221879andfollowedupamonthlaterbykeepingathreadofcommoncardboardalight点亮着的inanairlessspacefor45hours.ThreeyearslaterhewentontolightuphalfasquaremileofdowntownManhattaneventhoughonlyoneofthesixpowerplantsinhisdesignworkedwhenheturneditononSeptember41882.??3?Manyoflife’sfailuresthesupremeinnovatorsaidarepeoplewhodidnotrealizehowclosetheyweretosuccesswhentheygaveup.BeforethatmagicalmomentinOctober1879Edisonhadworkedoutnofewerthan3000theoriesaboutelectriclightbutinonlytwocasesdidhisexperimentswork.??4?Noonelikesfailurebutthesmartinnovatorslearnfromit.MarkGumztheheadofthecameramakerOlympusAmericaIncattributessomeofthecompany’ssuccessesintechnologytounderstandingfailure.Hispopularphraseis..Youonlyfailwhenyouquit.??5?Overtwocenturiesthemostcommonqualityoftheinnovatorshasbeenpersistence.Thatisanotherwayofsayingtheyhadtheemotionalabilitytokeepupwhattheyweredoing.WaltDisneythefounderofDisneylandwassobrokeafterasuccessionoffinancialfailuresthathewasleftshoelessinhisofficebecausehecouldnotaffordtheU.S.$1.50togethisshoesfromtherepairshop.PioneeringcarmakerHenryFordfailedwithonecompanyandwasforcedoutofanotherbeforehedevelopedtheModelTcar.??6?Failureishardertobearintoday’sopenacceleratedworld.Hardlyanyinnovationworksthefirsttime.Butanimpatientsocietyandthemediawantinstantsuccess.WhenAmericanmusicandmoviemasterDavidGeffenhadadifficulttimeacriticsaidnastilythattheonlydifferencebetweenGeffenRecordsGeffen’scompanyandtheTitanictheshipthatwentdownwasthattheTitanichadbettermusic.Actuallyitwasn’t.AfterfouryearsoflossesGeffenhadsomanyhits成功的作品hecouldaffordashipasbigastheTitanicalltohimself.WaltDisneywasoncesopoorthat______.
{{*HTML*}}EvenIntelligentPeopleCanFail??1?Thestrikingthingabouttheinnovatorswhosucceededinmakingourmodernworldishowoftentheyfailed.TurnonalighttakeaphotographwatchTVsearchtheWebjetacrossthePacificOceantalkonacellphone手机.Theinnovatorswholeftusthesethingshadtofindthewaytosuccessthroughamaze错综复杂ofwrongturns.??2?Wehavejustcelebratedthe125thanniversaryofAmericaninnovatorThomasEdison’ssuccessinheatingathinlinetowhite-hotheatfor14hoursinhislabinNewJerseyU.S.HedidthatonOctober221879andfollowedupamonthlaterbykeepingathreadofcommoncardboardalight点亮着的inanairlessspacefor45hours.ThreeyearslaterhewentontolightuphalfasquaremileofdowntownManhattaneventhoughonlyoneofthesixpowerplantsinhisdesignworkedwhenheturneditononSeptember41882.??3?Manyoflife’sfailuresthesupremeinnovatorsaidarepeoplewhodidnotrealizehowclosetheyweretosuccesswhentheygaveup.BeforethatmagicalmomentinOctober1879Edisonhadworkedoutnofewerthan3000theoriesaboutelectriclightbutinonlytwocasesdidhisexperimentswork.??4?Noonelikesfailurebutthesmartinnovatorslearnfromit.MarkGumztheheadofthecameramakerOlympusAmericaIncattributessomeofthecompany’ssuccessesintechnologytounderstandingfailure.Hispopularphraseis..Youonlyfailwhenyouquit.??5?Overtwocenturiesthemostcommonqualityoftheinnovatorshasbeenpersistence.Thatisanotherwayofsayingtheyhadtheemotionalabilitytokeepupwhattheyweredoing.WaltDisneythefounderofDisneylandwassobrokeafterasuccessionoffinancialfailuresthathewasleftshoelessinhisofficebecausehecouldnotaffordtheU.S.$1.50togethisshoesfromtherepairshop.PioneeringcarmakerHenryFordfailedwithonecompanyandwasforcedoutofanotherbeforehedevelopedtheModelTcar.??6?Failureishardertobearintoday’sopenacceleratedworld.Hardlyanyinnovationworksthefirsttime.Butanimpatientsocietyandthemediawantinstantsuccess.WhenAmericanmusicandmoviemasterDavidGeffenhadadifficulttimeacriticsaidnastilythattheonlydifferencebetweenGeffenRecordsGeffen’scompanyandtheTitanictheshipthatwentdownwasthattheTitanichadbettermusic.Actuallyitwasn’t.AfterfouryearsoflossesGeffenhadsomanyhits成功的作品hecouldaffordashipasbigastheTitanicalltohimself.Paragraph4______
MoreThanaRidetoSchoolTheNationalEducationAssociationclaimsTheschoolbusisamirrorofthecommunity.Theyfurtheraddthatunfortunatelywhatappearsontheexterior外部doesnotalwaysreflecttherealityofachosencommunity.Theyarerightandsometimesitreflectsmore!JustaskLieslDenson.RidingtheschoolbushasbeenmorethanaridetoschoolforLiesl.BruceHardyschoolbusdriverforAlthouseBusCompanyhasbeenLiesl’sbusdriversincekindergarten.LastyearwhenLiesrsfamilymovedtoParkesburgknowingherbuswentbyhernewresidencesherequestedtoridethesamebus.ThisyearLieslisaseniorandwillenjoyherlastyearridingthebus.ShesaysIt’sbeenagreatridesofar!Mybusdriverissocoolandhasalwaysbeenagoodfriendandagoodlistener.Sometimeswhenyou’reachildadultsdonotthinkthatwhatyouhavetosayisimportant.Mr.Hardyalwayslistenstowhatyouhavetosayandmakesyoufeelimportant.HerfriendsAshleyBatistaandAmandaWolfeagree.BruceHardyhasbeenmakingOctorarastudentsfeelspecialsince1975.Thisyearhewillcelebrate30yearsworkingforAlthouseBusTransportation.CompanyPresidentLarryAlthouseacknowledgesBruceHardy’soutstandingrecord.YoudonotcomebyemployeeslikeBrucethesedays;hehasnevermissedadayofworkandhasaperfectdrivingrecord.Recognizedin2000bythePennsylvaniaSchoolBusAssociationfordriving350000accidentfreemilesHardy’sreputationismadefurtherevidentthroughtherelationshipshehasmadewiththestudentsthatridehisbus.AlthousefurtheraddedAlthouseBusTransportationwasestablished70yearsagoandhasbeenprovidingqualitytransportationeversince.Mygrandfatherstartedthebusinesswithonebus.AlthouseBusTransportationisdelightedtohavetheopportunitytobringdistinctiveandsafeservicetoourlocalschoolandcommunityandlooksforwardtocontinuingtoprovidequalityserviceformanymoreyearstocome.Threegenerationsofbusinessisnotallthecompanyhasenjoyed.ThankstodriverslikeBruceHardytheyhavebeenbuildingrelationshipsthroughgenerations.Liesl’smotherCarolalsoenjoysfondmemoriesofridingBruceHardy’sbustotheOctoraraSchoolDistrict.WhathasAlthouseBusTransportationbeenmainlyaimingat
Don’tCountonDungConservationists自然保护主义者maybemiscalculatingthenumbersofthethreatenedanimalssuchaselephantssayAfricanandAmericanresearchers.Theerroroccursbecauseofaflawinthewaytheyestimateanimalnumbersfromthepilesofdung粪thecreaturesleavebehind.ThemistakecouldleadresearcherstothinkthattherearetwiceasmanyelephantsastherereallyareinsomeregionsaccordingtoAndrewPlumptreoftheWildlifeConservationSocietyWCSinNewYork.BiologistKatyPayneofCornellUniversityinIthacaNewYorkagrees.WereallyneedtoknowelephantnumbersandtheevidencethatwehaveisquiteindirectsaysPaynewhoelectronicallytrackselephants.CountingelephantsfromplanesisimpossibleinthevastrainforestsofCentralAfrica.Soresearchersoftenestimateelephantnumbersbycountingdungpilesinagivenarea.Theyalsoneedtoknowtherateatwhichdungdecays.Becauseit’sextremelydifficulttodeterminetheserateshoweverresearcherscountingelephantsinoneregiontendtorelyonstandarddecayratesestablishedelsewhere.ButresearchersattheWCShavefoundthatthisdecayratevariesfromregiontoregiondependingontheclimateandenvironment.Usingthewrongvaluescanleadthecensusastray离开正道saysPlumptre.HeandhiscolleagueAnthonyChifuNchanjistudieddecayingelephantdungintheforestsofCameroon.Theyfoundthatthedungdecayedbetween55and65percentmoreslowlythanthedungintherainforestsofneighbouringGabon.IfresearchersusedecayratesfromGabontocountelephantsinCameroontheywouldprobablyfindmoreelephantsthanareactuallyaround.ThiscouldmeanestimatesinCameroonareatleasttwiceashighasthosederivedfromdecayratescalculatedlocallysaysPlumptre.Howeveraccurateyourdungdensityestimatemightbethedecayratecanseverelyaffecttheresult.Plumptrealsosaysthatthedung-pilecensusshouldbecarriedoutoveraregionsimilarinsizetoanelephant’snaturalrange.Theusualtechniqueofmonitoringonlysmallprotectedareasdistortsnumbersbecauseelephantsmoveinandoutoftheseregionshesays.Iftheelephantpopulationincreaseswithintheprotectedareayoucannotdeterminewhetheritisarealincreaseorwhetheritisduetoelephantsmovinginbecausetheyarebeingpoached入侵偷猎outside.Plumptresaysthatsimilarproblemsmayalsoaffectotheranimalcensusstudiesthatrelyonindirectevidencesuchasneststracksorburrows地洞.AccordingtoPlumptretheregionoverwhichadung-pilecensusiscarriedoutshouldbe
{{*HTML*}}EvenIntelligentPeopleCanFail??1?Thestrikingthingabouttheinnovatorswhosucceededinmakingourmodernworldishowoftentheyfailed.TurnonalighttakeaphotographwatchTVsearchtheWebjetacrossthePacificOceantalkonacellphone手机.Theinnovatorswholeftusthesethingshadtofindthewaytosuccessthroughamaze错综复杂ofwrongturns.??2?Wehavejustcelebratedthe125thanniversaryofAmericaninnovatorThomasEdison’ssuccessinheatingathinlinetowhite-hotheatfor14hoursinhislabinNewJerseyU.S.HedidthatonOctober221879andfollowedupamonthlaterbykeepingathreadofcommoncardboardalight点亮着的inanairlessspacefor45hours.ThreeyearslaterhewentontolightuphalfasquaremileofdowntownManhattaneventhoughonlyoneofthesixpowerplantsinhisdesignworkedwhenheturneditononSeptember41882.??3?Manyoflife’sfailuresthesupremeinnovatorsaidarepeoplewhodidnotrealizehowclosetheyweretosuccesswhentheygaveup.BeforethatmagicalmomentinOctober1879Edisonhadworkedoutnofewerthan3000theoriesaboutelectriclightbutinonlytwocasesdidhisexperimentswork.??4?Noonelikesfailurebutthesmartinnovatorslearnfromit.MarkGumztheheadofthecameramakerOlympusAmericaIncattributessomeofthecompany’ssuccessesintechnologytounderstandingfailure.Hispopularphraseis..Youonlyfailwhenyouquit.??5?Overtwocenturiesthemostcommonqualityoftheinnovatorshasbeenpersistence.Thatisanotherwayofsayingtheyhadtheemotionalabilitytokeepupwhattheyweredoing.WaltDisneythefounderofDisneylandwassobrokeafterasuccessionoffinancialfailuresthathewasleftshoelessinhisofficebecausehecouldnotaffordtheU.S.$1.50togethisshoesfromtherepairshop.PioneeringcarmakerHenryFordfailedwithonecompanyandwasforcedoutofanotherbeforehedevelopedtheModelTcar.??6?Failureishardertobearintoday’sopenacceleratedworld.Hardlyanyinnovationworksthefirsttime.Butanimpatientsocietyandthemediawantinstantsuccess.WhenAmericanmusicandmoviemasterDavidGeffenhadadifficulttimeacriticsaidnastilythattheonlydifferencebetweenGeffenRecordsGeffen’scompanyandtheTitanictheshipthatwentdownwasthattheTitanichadbettermusic.Actuallyitwasn’t.AfterfouryearsoflossesGeffenhadsomanyhits成功的作品hecouldaffordashipasbigastheTitanicalltohimself.{{*HTML*}}A.Importanceoflearningfromfailure??B.Qualitysharedbymostinnovators??C.Edison’sinnovation??D.Edison’scommentonfailure??E.Contributionsmadebyinnovators??F.Miseriesenduredbyinnovators??Paragraph2______
TheWorldCupThissummer’sWorldCupcompetitionwillseeteamscompetingtoplaytheworld’sbestfootball.Butthefootballtheyplaywillnotallbeofthesamekind.ThefansexpectdifferentstylesofplayfromBrazilGermanyorItaly.WhatmakesBrazilianfootballBrazilianOurstyleofplayingfootballcontrastswiththeEuropeansbecauseofacombinationofqualitiesofsurpriseaccuracyandgoodjudgment.ThisstylehaswonBrazilfiveworldcups.YetmanyBrazilianfansonlycountfourofthesevictories.In1994theteamabandonedthisstyleformodernscientifictrainingandtactics.Theteamwonthecupbutinaboringway.TheItaliansthinkdifferently.TomanyItaliansthescore0-0hasagloriousqualitysuggestingperfectionsaystheBritishfootballwriterSimonKuper.IntheItalianculturetheideaoffaceisveryimportant.ThisiswhyItalianteamsaretraditionallybuiltaroundstrongdefences.TheDutchfootballerJohanCruyffoncesaidthatItalianteamsneverexactlybeatyou.It’sjustthatyouoftenlosetothem.InHollandthereisatraditionofdecisionmakingthroughargumentanddiscussion.Itisasocietywhereeverybodyisexpectedtohaveapointofview.EveryDutchplayerwantstocontrolthegamesaysArnoldMuhren.Youplayfootballwithyourbrainsandnotyourfeet.ADutchplayerarguessaysSimonKuper.AnEnglishplayerobeyshissuperior.Heisasoldier.ThequalitiesvaluedinEnglishfootballaremilitary-strengthaggressionandcourage.Thiscanmakeforexcitingfootball.ButitalsomeansthattheEnglishfinditdifficulttouseskillfulplayers.DavidBeckhamisusuallycriticizedforhisfailuretodefend-despitethefactthatheisanattacker.IftheEnglishliketofighttheGermansliketowin.InrecentyearsGermanyhastriedtochangeitsimageasacountryofruthlessefficiencyandadesireforvictoryatallcosts.ButGermansarequitehappyforthesequalitiestoremainintheirnationalfootballteam.FootballisasimplegameGaryLinekeroncesaid.YoukickaballaboutforninetyminutesandintheendtheGermanswin.It’sdifficulttopredictwhowillwinthisyear’sWorldCup.Thereisnostrongfavorite.Butalookatthetrackrecordofpreviouswinnersshowsthatitisthenationswiththestrongestnationalcharacteristicsinthefootballthatperformbest.Itseemsthatyouneedtoknowwhereyoucomefromifyouwanttogettothetop.WhatisoneexpectedtodoinHolland
{{*HTML*}}CanMobilePhonesCauseDisease???1?Mobilephonekilledmymanscreamedoneheadlinelastyear.Alsocameclaimsthatanunpublishedstudyhadfoundthatmobilephonescausememoryloss.AndaBritishnewspaperdevoteditsfrontpagetoapicturesupposedly假定地showinghowmobilephonesheatthebrain.??2?Foranyonewhousesamobilephonetheseareworryingtimes.Butspeaktothescientistswhoseworkisthefocusofthesescaresandyouwillhearadifferentstory.Accordingtothemthereisnoevidencethatmobilephonescausecanceroranyotherillnessinpeople.??3?Whatwedohavehoweveraresomeresultssuggestingthatmobilephones’emissionshaveavarietyofstrangeeffectsonlivingtissuethatcan’tbeexplainedbythegeneralradiationbiology.Andit’sonlywhenthequestionsraisedbytheseexperimentsareansweredthatwe’llbeabletosayforsurewhatmobilephonesmightbedoingtothehead.??4?Oneoftheoddeffectscomesfromthenowfamousmemorylossstudy.AlanPreeceandhiscolleaguesattheUniversityofBristolplacedadevicethatimitatedthemicrowaveemissionsofmobilephonestotheleftearofvolunteers.Thevolunteerswerejustasgoodatrecallingwordsandpicturestheyhadbeenshownonacomputerscreenwhetherornotthedevicewasswitchedon.Preecesayshestillcan’tcommentontheeffectsofusingamobilephoneforyearsonend.Butherulesoutthesuggestionthatmobilephoneshaveanimmediateeffectonourcognitiveabilities.I’mprettysurethereisnoeffectonshort-termmemoryhesays.??5?AnotherexpertTattersallremarkedthathislatestfindingshaveremovedfearsaboutmemoryloss.Oneresultforinstancesuggeststhatnervecellsynapses突触exposedtomicrowavesbecomemore-ratherthanless-receptive感受的toundergoingchangeslinkedtomemoryformation.??6?Hopefullymicrowavesmightturnouttobegoodforyou.ItsoundscrazybutacoupleofyearsagoateamledbyWilliamAdeyattheVeteransAffairsMedicalCenterinCaliforniafoundthatmiceexposedtomicrowavesfortwohoursadaywerelesslikelytodevelopbraintumourswhengivenacancer-causingchemical.Thesafetyproblemwithmobilephoneshas______.
WhyNotEatBreakfastBreakfastisnotonlythemostimportantmealofthedayitisalsothemostneglectedorskipped.Commonreasonsfornoteatingbreakfastincludelackoftimenotfeelinghungrytraditionaldislikeforbreakfastanddieting.Breakfastsimplymeansbreakthefast.Yourbodyspendsatleastsixtotwelvehourseachnightinafastingstate.Inthemorningyourbodyneedsenergytorevup转动起来intohighgearfortheday’sworkahead.Ifyouskipbreakfastyouarelikelytoconcentratelesseffectivelyinthelatemorningfeelirritableshort-tempered易怒的tiredorweak.Whenyouchoosenottoeatbreakfastyourbodystaysinslowgear.Alsopeoplewhoskipbreakfastoftenbinge无节制地大吃laterinthedayatothermealsoreatahigh-calorie高卡路里snackinthemorning.Breakfasteaterstendtoeatlessfatduringthedayhavemorestrengthandenduranceandbetterconcentrationandproblem-solvingability.Agoodbreakfastshouldprovideupto1/3ofyourtotalcalorieneedsfortheday.Ontheaverageweeat400lesscaloriesforbreakfastthanfordinner.Ifbreakfastdoesn’tappealtoyouinthemorningtryeatingalighterdinnerearlierintheeveningorsavehalfyourdinnerforbreakfastinthemorning.Ifyoustillaren’thungryinthemorningstartwithsomethingsmalllikejuiceortoastorhaveamid-morningsnacklaterwhenyouarehungry.Noteatingbreakfastcanalsocauseyoutoovereatsinceafallinbloodsugaroftenmakesyoufeelveryhungrylater.Tomakemattersworsesinceyourbodyisinaslowedstateitwillnotbeabletoburnthoseextracaloriesveryefficiently.Ifyoufeedyourbodyhealthysnacksandmealsthroughoutthedayyouarelesslikelytobecomeextremelyhungryandstuffyourselfassoonasyoubegintoeat.Sincebreakfastisthefirstandmostimportantmealofthedaychoosingtherightfuelisimportant.Thebestbreakfastfoodsarefruitsjuiceleanmeatandgrainproductssuchasbreadsricenoodlesandcereals.Thewordfastinthephrasebreakthefastinparagraph2means
MoreThanaRidetoSchoolTheNationalEducationAssociationclaimsTheschoolbusisamirrorofthecommunity.Theyfurtheraddthatunfortunatelywhatappearsontheexterior外部doesnotalwaysreflecttherealityofachosencommunity.Theyarerightandsometimesitreflectsmore!JustaskLieslDenson.RidingtheschoolbushasbeenmorethanaridetoschoolforLiesl.BruceHardyschoolbusdriverforAlthouseBusCompanyhasbeenLiesl’sbusdriversincekindergarten.LastyearwhenLiesrsfamilymovedtoParkesburgknowingherbuswentbyhernewresidencesherequestedtoridethesamebus.ThisyearLieslisaseniorandwillenjoyherlastyearridingthebus.ShesaysIt’sbeenagreatridesofar!Mybusdriverissocoolandhasalwaysbeenagoodfriendandagoodlistener.Sometimeswhenyou’reachildadultsdonotthinkthatwhatyouhavetosayisimportant.Mr.Hardyalwayslistenstowhatyouhavetosayandmakesyoufeelimportant.HerfriendsAshleyBatistaandAmandaWolfeagree.BruceHardyhasbeenmakingOctorarastudentsfeelspecialsince1975.Thisyearhewillcelebrate30yearsworkingforAlthouseBusTransportation.CompanyPresidentLarryAlthouseacknowledgesBruceHardy’soutstandingrecord.YoudonotcomebyemployeeslikeBrucethesedays;hehasnevermissedadayofworkandhasaperfectdrivingrecord.Recognizedin2000bythePennsylvaniaSchoolBusAssociationfordriving350000accidentfreemilesHardy’sreputationismadefurtherevidentthroughtherelationshipshehasmadewiththestudentsthatridehisbus.AlthousefurtheraddedAlthouseBusTransportationwasestablished70yearsagoandhasbeenprovidingqualitytransportationeversince.Mygrandfatherstartedthebusinesswithonebus.AlthouseBusTransportationisdelightedtohavetheopportunitytobringdistinctiveandsafeservicetoourlocalschoolandcommunityandlooksforwardtocontinuingtoprovidequalityserviceformanymoreyearstocome.Threegenerationsofbusinessisnotallthecompanyhasenjoyed.ThankstodriverslikeBruceHardytheyhavebeenbuildingrelationshipsthroughgenerations.Liesl’smotherCarolalsoenjoysfondmemoriesofridingBruceHardy’sbustotheOctoraraSchoolDistrict.Thewordmirrorinthefirstlinecouldbebestreplacedby
{{*HTML*}}CanMobilePhonesCauseDisease???1?Mobilephonekilledmymanscreamedoneheadlinelastyear.Alsocameclaimsthatanunpublishedstudyhadfoundthatmobilephonescausememoryloss.AndaBritishnewspaperdevoteditsfrontpagetoapicturesupposedly假定地showinghowmobilephonesheatthebrain.??2?Foranyonewhousesamobilephonetheseareworryingtimes.Butspeaktothescientistswhoseworkisthefocusofthesescaresandyouwillhearadifferentstory.Accordingtothemthereisnoevidencethatmobilephonescausecanceroranyotherillnessinpeople.??3?Whatwedohavehoweveraresomeresultssuggestingthatmobilephones’emissionshaveavarietyofstrangeeffectsonlivingtissuethatcan’tbeexplainedbythegeneralradiationbiology.Andit’sonlywhenthequestionsraisedbytheseexperimentsareansweredthatwe’llbeabletosayforsurewhatmobilephonesmightbedoingtothehead.??4?Oneoftheoddeffectscomesfromthenowfamousmemorylossstudy.AlanPreeceandhiscolleaguesattheUniversityofBristolplacedadevicethatimitatedthemicrowaveemissionsofmobilephonestotheleftearofvolunteers.Thevolunteerswerejustasgoodatrecallingwordsandpicturestheyhadbeenshownonacomputerscreenwhetherornotthedevicewasswitchedon.Preecesayshestillcan’tcommentontheeffectsofusingamobilephoneforyearsonend.Butherulesoutthesuggestionthatmobilephoneshaveanimmediateeffectonourcognitiveabilities.I’mprettysurethereisnoeffectonshort-termmemoryhesays.??5?AnotherexpertTattersallremarkedthathislatestfindingshaveremovedfearsaboutmemoryloss.Oneresultforinstancesuggeststhatnervecellsynapses突触exposedtomicrowavesbecomemore-ratherthanless-receptive感受的toundergoingchangeslinkedtomemoryformation.??6?Hopefullymicrowavesmightturnouttobegoodforyou.ItsoundscrazybutacoupleofyearsagoateamledbyWilliamAdeyattheVeteransAffairsMedicalCenterinCaliforniafoundthatmiceexposedtomicrowavesfortwohoursadaywerelesslikelytodevelopbraintumourswhengivenacancer-causingchemical.{{*HTML*}}A.differentmessages??B.ishoped??C.publicattention??D.solidevidence??E.attractedpublicattention??F.publicanxiety??Thereisno______toindicatethatmobilephonescauseanyillness.
TheWorldCupThissummer’sWorldCupcompetitionwillseeteamscompetingtoplaytheworld’sbestfootball.Butthefootballtheyplaywillnotallbeofthesamekind.ThefansexpectdifferentstylesofplayfromBrazilGermanyorItaly.WhatmakesBrazilianfootballBrazilianOurstyleofplayingfootballcontrastswiththeEuropeansbecauseofacombinationofqualitiesofsurpriseaccuracyandgoodjudgment.ThisstylehaswonBrazilfiveworldcups.YetmanyBrazilianfansonlycountfourofthesevictories.In1994theteamabandonedthisstyleformodernscientifictrainingandtactics.Theteamwonthecupbutinaboringway.TheItaliansthinkdifferently.TomanyItaliansthescore0-0hasagloriousqualitysuggestingperfectionsaystheBritishfootballwriterSimonKuper.IntheItalianculturetheideaoffaceisveryimportant.ThisiswhyItalianteamsaretraditionallybuiltaroundstrongdefences.TheDutchfootballerJohanCruyffoncesaidthatItalianteamsneverexactlybeatyou.It’sjustthatyouoftenlosetothem.InHollandthereisatraditionofdecisionmakingthroughargumentanddiscussion.Itisasocietywhereeverybodyisexpectedtohaveapointofview.EveryDutchplayerwantstocontrolthegamesaysArnoldMuhren.Youplayfootballwithyourbrainsandnotyourfeet.ADutchplayerarguessaysSimonKuper.AnEnglishplayerobeyshissuperior.Heisasoldier.ThequalitiesvaluedinEnglishfootballaremilitary-strengthaggressionandcourage.Thiscanmakeforexcitingfootball.ButitalsomeansthattheEnglishfinditdifficulttouseskillfulplayers.DavidBeckhamisusuallycriticizedforhisfailuretodefend-despitethefactthatheisanattacker.IftheEnglishliketofighttheGermansliketowin.InrecentyearsGermanyhastriedtochangeitsimageasacountryofruthlessefficiencyandadesireforvictoryatallcosts.ButGermansarequitehappyforthesequalitiestoremainintheirnationalfootballteam.FootballisasimplegameGaryLinekeroncesaid.YoukickaballaboutforninetyminutesandintheendtheGermanswin.It’sdifficulttopredictwhowillwinthisyear’sWorldCup.Thereisnostrongfavorite.Butalookatthetrackrecordofpreviouswinnersshowsthatitisthenationswiththestrongestnationalcharacteristicsinthefootballthatperformbest.Itseemsthatyouneedtoknowwhereyoucomefromifyouwanttogettothetop.WhichofthefollowingisNOTacharacteristicoftheBrazilianstyleofplayingfootball
WhyNotEatBreakfastBreakfastisnotonlythemostimportantmealofthedayitisalsothemostneglectedorskipped.Commonreasonsfornoteatingbreakfastincludelackoftimenotfeelinghungrytraditionaldislikeforbreakfastanddieting.Breakfastsimplymeansbreakthefast.Yourbodyspendsatleastsixtotwelvehourseachnightinafastingstate.Inthemorningyourbodyneedsenergytorevup转动起来intohighgearfortheday’sworkahead.Ifyouskipbreakfastyouarelikelytoconcentratelesseffectivelyinthelatemorningfeelirritableshort-tempered易怒的tiredorweak.Whenyouchoosenottoeatbreakfastyourbodystaysinslowgear.Alsopeoplewhoskipbreakfastoftenbinge无节制地大吃laterinthedayatothermealsoreatahigh-calorie高卡路里snackinthemorning.Breakfasteaterstendtoeatlessfatduringthedayhavemorestrengthandenduranceandbetterconcentrationandproblem-solvingability.Agoodbreakfastshouldprovideupto1/3ofyourtotalcalorieneedsfortheday.Ontheaverageweeat400lesscaloriesforbreakfastthanfordinner.Ifbreakfastdoesn’tappealtoyouinthemorningtryeatingalighterdinnerearlierintheeveningorsavehalfyourdinnerforbreakfastinthemorning.Ifyoustillaren’thungryinthemorningstartwithsomethingsmalllikejuiceortoastorhaveamid-morningsnacklaterwhenyouarehungry.Noteatingbreakfastcanalsocauseyoutoovereatsinceafallinbloodsugaroftenmakesyoufeelveryhungrylater.Tomakemattersworsesinceyourbodyisinaslowedstateitwillnotbeabletoburnthoseextracaloriesveryefficiently.Ifyoufeedyourbodyhealthysnacksandmealsthroughoutthedayyouarelesslikelytobecomeextremelyhungryandstuffyourselfassoonasyoubegintoeat.Sincebreakfastisthefirstandmostimportantmealofthedaychoosingtherightfuelisimportant.Thebestbreakfastfoodsarefruitsjuiceleanmeatandgrainproductssuchasbreadsricenoodlesandcereals.Youcanimproveyourappetiteforbreakfastby
WhyNotEatBreakfastBreakfastisnotonlythemostimportantmealofthedayitisalsothemostneglectedorskipped.Commonreasonsfornoteatingbreakfastincludelackoftimenotfeelinghungrytraditionaldislikeforbreakfastanddieting.Breakfastsimplymeansbreakthefast.Yourbodyspendsatleastsixtotwelvehourseachnightinafastingstate.Inthemorningyourbodyneedsenergytorevup转动起来intohighgearfortheday’sworkahead.Ifyouskipbreakfastyouarelikelytoconcentratelesseffectivelyinthelatemorningfeelirritableshort-tempered易怒的tiredorweak.Whenyouchoosenottoeatbreakfastyourbodystaysinslowgear.Alsopeoplewhoskipbreakfastoftenbinge无节制地大吃laterinthedayatothermealsoreatahigh-calorie高卡路里snackinthemorning.Breakfasteaterstendtoeatlessfatduringthedayhavemorestrengthandenduranceandbetterconcentrationandproblem-solvingability.Agoodbreakfastshouldprovideupto1/3ofyourtotalcalorieneedsfortheday.Ontheaverageweeat400lesscaloriesforbreakfastthanfordinner.Ifbreakfastdoesn’tappealtoyouinthemorningtryeatingalighterdinnerearlierintheeveningorsavehalfyourdinnerforbreakfastinthemorning.Ifyoustillaren’thungryinthemorningstartwithsomethingsmalllikejuiceortoastorhaveamid-morningsnacklaterwhenyouarehungry.Noteatingbreakfastcanalsocauseyoutoovereatsinceafallinbloodsugaroftenmakesyoufeelveryhungrylater.Tomakemattersworsesinceyourbodyisinaslowedstateitwillnotbeabletoburnthoseextracaloriesveryefficiently.Ifyoufeedyourbodyhealthysnacksandmealsthroughoutthedayyouarelesslikelytobecomeextremelyhungryandstuffyourselfassoonasyoubegintoeat.Sincebreakfastisthefirstandmostimportantmealofthedaychoosingtherightfuelisimportant.Thebestbreakfastfoodsarefruitsjuiceleanmeatandgrainproductssuchasbreadsricenoodlesandcereals.WhichfoodisNOTfitforbreakfast
TryingtoFindaPartnerOneofthemoststrikingfindingsofarecentpollintheUKisthatofthepeopleinterviewedoneintwobelievesthatitisbecomingmoredifficulttomeetsomeonetostarafamilywith.WhyaremanyfindingitincreasinglydifficulttostartandsustainintimaterelationshipsDoesmodernlifereallymakeithardertofallinloveOrarewemakingitharderforourselvesItiscertainlythecasetodaythatcontemporarycouplesbenefitindifferentwaysfromrelationships.Womennolongerrelyuponpartnersforeconomicsecurityorstatus.Amandoesn’texpecthisspousetobeinsolechargeofrunninghishouseholdandraisinghischildren.Butperhapstheknowledgethatwecanliveperfectlywellwithoutapartnershipmeansthatittakesmuchmoretopersuadepeopletoabandontheirindependence.Intheoryfindingapartnershouldbemuchsimplerthesedays.Onlyafewgenerationsagoyourchoiceofsoulmate心上人wasconstrained限制bygeographysocialconventionandfamilytradition.Althoughitwasneverexplicitmanymarriageswereessentiallyarranged.Nowthosebarriershavebeenbrokendown.Youcanapproachabuilderorabrainsurgeoninanybarinanycityonanygivenevening.Whentheworldisyouroyster牡蛎yousurelyhaveabetterchanceoffindingapearl.Butitseemsthattheoldconventionshavebeenreplacedbyaneventighterconstraint:thetyrannyofchoice.Theexpectationsofpartnersareinflated提高toanunmanageabledegree:goodlooksimpressivesalarykindtograndmotherandrightsocks.Thereisnoroomforerrorinthefirstimpression.Wethinkthatarelationshipcanbeperfect.Ifitisn’titisdisposable.Weworktoprotectourselvesagainstfutureheartacheanddon’tputinthehardemotionallaborneededtobuildastrongrelationship.Ofcoursethisiscomplicatedbyrealities.Thecostofhousingandchild-rearingcreatespressuretohaveastableincomeandcareerbeforealifepartnership.Thewordsustainparagraph2couldbebestreplacedby
{{*HTML*}}EvenIntelligentPeopleCanFail??1?Thestrikingthingabouttheinnovatorswhosucceededinmakingourmodernworldishowoftentheyfailed.TurnonalighttakeaphotographwatchTVsearchtheWebjetacrossthePacificOceantalkonacellphone手机.Theinnovatorswholeftusthesethingshadtofindthewaytosuccessthroughamaze错综复杂ofwrongturns.??2?Wehavejustcelebratedthe125thanniversaryofAmericaninnovatorThomasEdison’ssuccessinheatingathinlinetowhite-hotheatfor14hoursinhislabinNewJerseyU.S.HedidthatonOctober221879andfollowedupamonthlaterbykeepingathreadofcommoncardboardalight点亮着的inanairlessspacefor45hours.ThreeyearslaterhewentontolightuphalfasquaremileofdowntownManhattaneventhoughonlyoneofthesixpowerplantsinhisdesignworkedwhenheturneditononSeptember41882.??3?Manyoflife’sfailuresthesupremeinnovatorsaidarepeoplewhodidnotrealizehowclosetheyweretosuccesswhentheygaveup.BeforethatmagicalmomentinOctober1879Edisonhadworkedoutnofewerthan3000theoriesaboutelectriclightbutinonlytwocasesdidhisexperimentswork.??4?Noonelikesfailurebutthesmartinnovatorslearnfromit.MarkGumztheheadofthecameramakerOlympusAmericaIncattributessomeofthecompany’ssuccessesintechnologytounderstandingfailure.Hispopularphraseis..Youonlyfailwhenyouquit.??5?Overtwocenturiesthemostcommonqualityoftheinnovatorshasbeenpersistence.Thatisanotherwayofsayingtheyhadtheemotionalabilitytokeepupwhattheyweredoing.WaltDisneythefounderofDisneylandwassobrokeafterasuccessionoffinancialfailuresthathewasleftshoelessinhisofficebecausehecouldnotaffordtheU.S.$1.50togethisshoesfromtherepairshop.PioneeringcarmakerHenryFordfailedwithonecompanyandwasforcedoutofanotherbeforehedevelopedtheModelTcar.??6?Failureishardertobearintoday’sopenacceleratedworld.Hardlyanyinnovationworksthefirsttime.Butanimpatientsocietyandthemediawantinstantsuccess.WhenAmericanmusicandmoviemasterDavidGeffenhadadifficulttimeacriticsaidnastilythattheonlydifferencebetweenGeffenRecordsGeffen’scompanyandtheTitanictheshipthatwentdownwasthattheTitanichadbettermusic.Actuallyitwasn’t.AfterfouryearsoflossesGeffenhadsomanyhits成功的作品hecouldaffordashipasbigastheTitanicalltohimself.{{*HTML*}}A.hedeveloped3000theories??B.hecouldn’taffordtobuyapairofshoes??C.hefoundhimselfanunsuccessfulman??D.theyquitted??E.aninnovationshouldworkimmediately??F.failureisthemotherofsuccess??Peopleoftendidn’trealizehowclosetheyweretosuccesswhen______.
TheWorldCupThissummer’sWorldCupcompetitionwillseeteamscompetingtoplaytheworld’sbestfootball.Butthefootballtheyplaywillnotallbeofthesamekind.ThefansexpectdifferentstylesofplayfromBrazilGermanyorItaly.WhatmakesBrazilianfootballBrazilianOurstyleofplayingfootballcontrastswiththeEuropeansbecauseofacombinationofqualitiesofsurpriseaccuracyandgoodjudgment.ThisstylehaswonBrazilfiveworldcups.YetmanyBrazilianfansonlycountfourofthesevictories.In1994theteamabandonedthisstyleformodernscientifictrainingandtactics.Theteamwonthecupbutinaboringway.TheItaliansthinkdifferently.TomanyItaliansthescore0-0hasagloriousqualitysuggestingperfectionsaystheBritishfootballwriterSimonKuper.IntheItalianculturetheideaoffaceisveryimportant.ThisiswhyItalianteamsaretraditionallybuiltaroundstrongdefences.TheDutchfootballerJohanCruyffoncesaidthatItalianteamsneverexactlybeatyou.It’sjustthatyouoftenlosetothem.InHollandthereisatraditionofdecisionmakingthroughargumentanddiscussion.Itisasocietywhereeverybodyisexpectedtohaveapointofview.EveryDutchplayerwantstocontrolthegamesaysArnoldMuhren.Youplayfootballwithyourbrainsandnotyourfeet.ADutchplayerarguessaysSimonKuper.AnEnglishplayerobeyshissuperior.Heisasoldier.ThequalitiesvaluedinEnglishfootballaremilitary-strengthaggressionandcourage.Thiscanmakeforexcitingfootball.ButitalsomeansthattheEnglishfinditdifficulttouseskillfulplayers.DavidBeckhamisusuallycriticizedforhisfailuretodefend-despitethefactthatheisanattacker.IftheEnglishliketofighttheGermansliketowin.InrecentyearsGermanyhastriedtochangeitsimageasacountryofruthlessefficiencyandadesireforvictoryatallcosts.ButGermansarequitehappyforthesequalitiestoremainintheirnationalfootballteam.FootballisasimplegameGaryLinekeroncesaid.YoukickaballaboutforninetyminutesandintheendtheGermanswin.It’sdifficulttopredictwhowillwinthisyear’sWorldCup.Thereisnostrongfavorite.Butalookatthetrackrecordofpreviouswinnersshowsthatitisthenationswiththestrongestnationalcharacteristicsinthefootballthatperformbest.Itseemsthatyouneedtoknowwhereyoucomefromifyouwanttogettothetop.Whowillwinthisyear’sWorldCup
Don’tCountonDungConservationists自然保护主义者maybemiscalculatingthenumbersofthethreatenedanimalssuchaselephantssayAfricanandAmericanresearchers.Theerroroccursbecauseofaflawinthewaytheyestimateanimalnumbersfromthepilesofdung粪thecreaturesleavebehind.ThemistakecouldleadresearcherstothinkthattherearetwiceasmanyelephantsastherereallyareinsomeregionsaccordingtoAndrewPlumptreoftheWildlifeConservationSocietyWCSinNewYork.BiologistKatyPayneofCornellUniversityinIthacaNewYorkagrees.WereallyneedtoknowelephantnumbersandtheevidencethatwehaveisquiteindirectsaysPaynewhoelectronicallytrackselephants.CountingelephantsfromplanesisimpossibleinthevastrainforestsofCentralAfrica.Soresearchersoftenestimateelephantnumbersbycountingdungpilesinagivenarea.Theyalsoneedtoknowtherateatwhichdungdecays.Becauseit’sextremelydifficulttodeterminetheserateshoweverresearcherscountingelephantsinoneregiontendtorelyonstandarddecayratesestablishedelsewhere.ButresearchersattheWCShavefoundthatthisdecayratevariesfromregiontoregiondependingontheclimateandenvironment.Usingthewrongvaluescanleadthecensusastray离开正道saysPlumptre.HeandhiscolleagueAnthonyChifuNchanjistudieddecayingelephantdungintheforestsofCameroon.Theyfoundthatthedungdecayedbetween55and65percentmoreslowlythanthedungintherainforestsofneighbouringGabon.IfresearchersusedecayratesfromGabontocountelephantsinCameroontheywouldprobablyfindmoreelephantsthanareactuallyaround.ThiscouldmeanestimatesinCameroonareatleasttwiceashighasthosederivedfromdecayratescalculatedlocallysaysPlumptre.Howeveraccurateyourdungdensityestimatemightbethedecayratecanseverelyaffecttheresult.Plumptrealsosaysthatthedung-pilecensusshouldbecarriedoutoveraregionsimilarinsizetoanelephant’snaturalrange.Theusualtechniqueofmonitoringonlysmallprotectedareasdistortsnumbersbecauseelephantsmoveinandoutoftheseregionshesays.Iftheelephantpopulationincreaseswithintheprotectedareayoucannotdeterminewhetheritisarealincreaseorwhetheritisduetoelephantsmovinginbecausetheyarebeingpoached入侵偷猎outside.Plumptresaysthatsimilarproblemsmayalsoaffectotheranimalcensusstudiesthatrelyonindirectevidencesuchasneststracksorburrows地洞.Whydoresearchersestimateelephantnumbersinanareabycountingdungpiles
IstheTieaNecessityTiesornecktieshavebeenasymbolofpolitenessandeleganceinBritainforcenturies.ButthecasualPrimeMinisterTonyBlairhasproblemswiththem.Reportssuggestthateventhecivilservantsmaystopwearingties.SoarethefamouslyformalBritishreallygoingtoabandonthenecktiesMaybe.LastweektheUK’sCabinetSecretaryAndrewTurnbullopenlywelcomedatielessera.Hehintedthatcivilservantswouldsoonbefreeofthecostliest12inchesoffabricthatmostmeneverbuyintheirlives.InfactBlairshowedthisattitudewhenhehadhisfirstgueststoacocktailparty.Manyofthemwerecelebrities句名人士withouttieswhichwouldhavebeenunimaginableevenintherecentpast.ForsomemoreconservativeBritishthetieisamustforproperappearance.EarlierLaborleaderJimCallaghansaidhewouldhavediedratherthanhavehischildrenseeninpublicwithoutatie.ForpeoplelikeCallaghanthetiewasasignofbeingcompleteofshowingrespect.Menweresupposedtowearatiewhengoingtochurchtoworkintheofficetoaparty-almosteverysocialoccasion.Buttodaypeoplehavebeguntoacceptacasualstyleevenforformaloccasions.Theoriginofthetieistricky.Itstartedassomethingcalledsimplyaband.Thetermcouldmeananythingaroundaman’sneck.Itappearedinfinerwaysinthe1633s.Frenchmenshowedaloveofthisparticularfashionstatement.Theirneckwear颈饰impressedCharlesIIthekingofEnglandwhowasexiled流放toFranceatthattime.WhenhereturnedtoEnglandin1660hebroughtthisnewfashionitemalongwithhim.Itwasn’thoweveruntilthelate18thcenturythatfancyyoungmenintroducedamorecolorfulflowingpieceofcloththateventuallybecameknownasthetie.Thenclubsmilitaryinstitutionsandschoolsbegantousecoloredandpatternedtiestoindicatethewearer’smembershipinthelate19thcentury.AfterthatthetiebecameanecessaryitemofclothingforBritishgentlemen.Butnowevengentlemenaregettingtiredofties.Anywaytheclayfeelsabiteasierwhenyouwakeupwithouthavingtodecidewhichtiesuitsyouandyourmood.WhydoesBlairsometimesshowupinaformaleventwithoutatie
WhoCameFirsttheChickenortheEggIjustmailedthechickenandtheeggeachinitsownseparatepackagingandkeptcarefultrackofwheneachshipmentwassentfromapostofficeinCambridgeMassachusettsandwhenitlaterarrivedatitsintendeddestinationinNewYorkCity.InmailingthechickenIwascarefultoadheretotherestrictionsdescribedintheAmericanPostalService’sDomesticMailManual57asupdatedonApril32003.ThisthemostrecentversionoftheManualstatesthat:AdultchickensmustbesentbyExpressMail.ThecontainersusedmustpassthestandardsinInternationalSafeTransitAssociationTestProcedureIA;bestrongenoughtoendurenormalhandling;andensureenoughairforthechickensintransit...Thenumberofbirdsmustnotbemorethan1hecontainer’slimit.Imailedthechickeninawoodenboxgotfromacolleaguewhodoesresearchwithbirds.ThenImailedtheegginstandardpackagingobtainedthroughanindustrialsupplier.It’squitesimple.Ipostedboththechickenandtheeggat9.40amonaMondaymorningfromtheHarvardSquarepostofficeinCambridgeMassachusetts.Thestafftheretoldmethatthiswasthefirstchickenanyonehadmailedfromthereinrecentmemoryandperhapsever.Theyhandledboththechickenandtheeggskillfullyandpolitely.TheintendeddestinationforbothpackageswastheJamesA.FarleyGeneralPostOfficewhichislocatedinManhattanrightnexttothePennStationtrainterminal.ItookthesubwayfromtheHarvardSquaretotheBostontrainstationandfromthereboardedatraintoNewYorkCityadistanceofabout320kilometersarrivinglhatafternoonatPennStation.Iimmediatelywenttothepostofficetoawaitthearrivalsofthechickenandtheegg.TheJamesA.FarleyGeneralPostOfficeisopen24hoursadaysoIwasabletowaitthereuntilbothitemsarrived.Iinquiredonceperhourforboththechickenandtheegg.ThatdayMondayneitherthechickennortheeggarrived.ThenextdayTuesdayneitherthechickennortheeggarrived.Thechickenarrivedat10:31amWednesday.Thestaffatthepostofficetoldmethatthiswasthefirstchickenanyonehadmailedtothepostofficeinrecentmemoryandperhapsever.Theeggarrivedthatsamedayat9.37pm11hoursafterthechicken.Basedonexperimentdatait’snowquiteclearthatthechickencamefirsttheeggsecond.Whendidthechickenarrive
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