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A. as fish doesB. because of its rich natural resourcesC. by the United StatesD. shines day and nigh...
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阅读理解共5小题每小题2分满分10分根据短文内容从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项选项中有两
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阅读理解阅读下列材料从每题所给的四个选项中选出最佳答案LookMom!Whataprettyfish
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ACountry’sStandardofLivingThestandardoflivingofanycountrymeanstheaverageperson’sshareofthegoodsandservicesthecountryproduces.Acountry’sstandardoflivingtherefore51firstonitscapacitytoproducewealth.Wealthinthis52isnotmoneyforwedonotliveonmoneybutonthingsthatmoneycanbuy:goodssuchasfoodandclothingandservicessuchastransportandentertainment.Acountry’scapacityto53wealthdependsuponmanyfactorsmostof54haveaneffectononeanother.Wealthdepends55agreatextentuponacountry’snaturalresources.Someregionsoftheworldarewellsuppliedwithcoalandmineralsandhavefertilesoilandafavorableclimate;otherregions56noneofthem.Nexttonaturalresourcescomestheabilityto57themtouse.ChinaisperhapsasrichastheUSAinnaturalresourcesbutsufferedformanyyears58civilandexternalwarsandforthisandother59wasunabletodevelopherresources.Soundandstablepoliticalconditionsand60fromforeigninvasionsenableacountrytodevelopitsnaturalresourcespeacefullyandsteadilyandtoproducemore61thananothercountryequallywellfavoredbynaturebutlesswellordered.Acountry’sstandardoflivingdoesnotonlydependuponthewealththatisproducedand62withinitsownbordersbutalsouponwhatisdirectlyproducedthroughinternationaltradeforexampleBritain’swealthinfoodstuffsandotheragricultural63wouldbemuchlessifshehadtodependonlyonthosegrownathome.Trademakesitpossibleforhersurplus过剩的manufacturedgoodstobetradedabroadfortheagriculturalproducts64wouldotherwisebelacking.Acountry’swealthisthereforemuchinfluencedbyitsmanufacturingcapacity65thatothercountriescanbefoundreadytoacceptitsmanufactures.
TestsShowWomenSuitedforSpaceTravelBetween1977and1981threegroupsofAmericanwomennumbering27inallbetweentheageof35and65weregivenmonth-longtestsforspacetravelpurposes.46.Thosewomenwerecarefullyselectedfromamongmanyapplicants.47.Theywerenotallowedtosmokeordrinkalcoholduringthetestsandtheywereexpectedtotolerateeachother’scompanyatclosequartersfortheentireperiod.Amongotherthingstheyhadtostandpressurethreetimestheforceofgravityandcarryoutbothphysicalandmentaltaskswhileexhaustedfromstrenuousphysicalexercise.48.Duringthattimetheysufferedbackachesandotherdiscomforts.49.Resultsofthetestssuggestthatwomenwillhavesignificantadvantagesovermenmspace.50.Men’sadvantagesintermsofstrengthandstaminameanwhilearevirtuallywipedoutbythezero-gravityconditioninspace.A.Attheendoftendaystheyhadtospendafurthertwentydaysabsolutelyconfinedtobed.B.Theywerevolunteersandwerepaidbarelyabovetheminimumwage.C.Thesetestswereconductedtodeterminehowtheywouldrespondtoconditionsresemblingthoseaboardthespaceshuttle.D.Theyneedlessfoodandlessoxygenandtheystanduptoradiationbetter.E.Someofthemwereover65.F.Whentheywerefinallyallowedupthemorephysicallyactivewomenwereespeciallysubjecttopainsduetoaslightcalciumloss.
MealsawayfromhomeWhatmakesAmericansspendnearlyhalftheirfooddollarsonmealsawayfromhomeTheanswerslieinthewayAmericanslivetoday.Duringthefirstfewdecadesofthetwentiethcenturycannedandotherconveniencefoodsfreedthefamilycookfromfull-timedutyatthekitchenrange.Theninthe1940sworkinthewartimedefenseplantstookmorewomenoutofthehomethateverbeforesettingthepatternoftheworkingwifeandmother.Unlessfamilymemberspitchinwithfoodpreparationwomenarenotfullyliberatedfromthatchore.It’seasiertopickupabucketoffriedchickenonthewayhomefromworkortakethefamilyoutforpizzasorburgersthantostartopeningcansorheatingupfrozendinnersafteralonghardday.Alsonowadaystherisingdivorceratemeansthattherearemoresingleworkingparentswithchildrentofeed.Andmanyyoungadultsandelderlypeopleaswellasunmarriedanddivorcedmaturepeoplelivealoneratherthanasapartofafamilyunitanddon’twanttobothercookingforone.Fastfoodisappealingbecauseitisfastitdoesn’trequireanydressingupitoffersafunbreakinthedailyroutineandtheoutlayofmoneyseemssmall.Itcanbeeateninthecarsometimespickedupatadrive-inwindowwithoutevengettingoutorontherun.Evenifitisbroughthometoeattherewillneverbeanydirtydishestowashbecauseofthehandydisposablewrappings.Childrenespeciallylovefastfoodbecauseit’sfingerfoodnostrugglingwithknivesandforksnoannoyinginstructionsfromadultsabouttablemanners.Itcanbeinferredthatchildren______.
SuccessTherearemanywaysofdefiningsuccess.Itisaccuratetosaythateachofushasourownconceptofsuccesstotheextentthateachofusisresponsibleforsettingourowngoalsanddeterminingwhetherwehavemetthesegoalssatisfactorily.Becauseeachofuspossessesuniquedifferencesingeneticabilityandfavorableenvironmentsinwhichtoexpresstheseabilitiesitisnecessarilytruethatwemustdefinesuccessbroadly.Forsomepeoplesimplybeingabletolivetheirlifewithaminimumofmiseryandsufferingisconsideredasuccess.Thinkofthepeaceofmindofthepoorshepherdwhotendshissheepenjoyshisfrugallifewithhisfamilyinthebeautyofnatureandwhoisrespectedbecausehedoesagoodjobofachievingthegoalsexpectedofandacceptedbyhisandhissociety.Ontheotherhanditseemsthateventhoughsomepeopleappeartoberichinmaterialpossessionsmanyofthemseemtobemiserableandconsiderthemselvesunsuccessfulwhenjudgedbytheirownstandardsofsuccess.Becausenotallventurescanbesuccessfuloneshouldnotsetunrealisticgoalsforachievingsuccessbutifonehasself-confidenceitwouldbeunfortunatetosetone’sgoalsattoolowalevelofachievement.Awisecounseloroncesaidtoayoungmanwhowasexperiencingfrustrationwithhisownprofessionalsuccess:Youdonothavetosetyourgoaltoreachthemooninordertohavesuccessintraveling.SometimesonecanbeverysuccessfulmerelybytakingawalkintheparkorridingthesubwaydowntownThecounseloraddedYouhavenotreallyfailedandspoiledyourchancesforsuccessuntilyouhavebeenunsuccessfulatsomethingyoureallylikeandtowhichyouhavegivenyoubesteffort./Somerichpeopleconsiderthemselvesunsuccessfulbecause______.
SuccessTherearemanywaysofdefiningsuccess.Itisaccuratetosaythateachofushasourownconceptofsuccesstotheextentthateachofusisresponsibleforsettingourowngoalsanddeterminingwhetherwehavemetthesegoalssatisfactorily.Becauseeachofuspossessesuniquedifferencesingeneticabilityandfavorableenvironmentsinwhichtoexpresstheseabilitiesitisnecessarilytruethatwemustdefinesuccessbroadly.Forsomepeoplesimplybeingabletolivetheirlifewithaminimumofmiseryandsufferingisconsideredasuccess.Thinkofthepeaceofmindofthepoorshepherdwhotendshissheepenjoyshisfrugallifewithhisfamilyinthebeautyofnatureandwhoisrespectedbecausehedoesagoodjobofachievingthegoalsexpectedofandacceptedbyhisandhissociety.Ontheotherhanditseemsthateventhoughsomepeopleappeartoberichinmaterialpossessionsmanyofthemseemtobemiserableandconsiderthemselvesunsuccessfulwhenjudgedbytheirownstandardsofsuccess.Becausenotallventurescanbesuccessfuloneshouldnotsetunrealisticgoalsforachievingsuccessbutifonehasself-confidenceitwouldbeunfortunatetosetone’sgoalsattoolowalevelofachievement.Awisecounseloroncesaidtoayoungmanwhowasexperiencingfrustrationwithhisownprofessionalsuccess:Youdonothavetosetyourgoaltoreachthemooninordertohavesuccessintraveling.SometimesonecanbeverysuccessfulmerelybytakingawalkintheparkorridingthesubwaydowntownThecounseloraddedYouhavenotreallyfailedandspoiledyourchancesforsuccessuntilyouhavebeenunsuccessfulatsomethingyoureallylikeandtowhichyouhavegivenyoubesteffort./Inthefirstparagraphtheauthorimpliesthat______areessentialinachievingsuccess.
PhilipRothwashailedasamajornewauthorin1960.
Thelittleboywassofascinatedbythemightyriverthathewouldspendhourssittingonitsbankandgazingatthepassingboatsandrafts.
GatesandJobsHaveaFriendlyChatLEGENDARYtechnologyrivalsBillGatesandSteveJobsmadeararejointappearanceandwastednotimebeingniceatachatatWallStreetJournal’sD:AllThingsDigitalconferencelastWednesday.BillbuiltthefirstsoftwarecompanyintheindustrysaidJobsco-founderoftheUS’sAppleInc.Billfocusedonsoftwarebeforeanyone.GatestheMicrosoftCorpco-founderhailedJobsfortakingbigrisksanddevelopingproductswithincredibletasteandelegance.JobsandGatesrecalledtheearlydaysworkingtogetherinthe1970ssharingtheirviewsonthestateoftechnologyatthattime.WhenKaraSwisherthejournal’stechnologyreporteraskedforthegreatestmisunderstandingintheirrelationshipJobsjoked:We’vekeptourmarriagesecretforoveradecadenow.Gatesadded:Neitherofushaveanythingtocomplainaboutingeneral...It’sbeenfuntoworktogether.ThetwotouchedbrieflyontheUS2008elections.Gatessaidcandidatesshouldbemeasuredbytheirideasforimprovingeducation.Thetwoworkedtogetherinthe1970sbuttheircompanieshaveremainedfiercerivals.GatesdroppedoutofHarvardUniversityin1975tofoundMicrosoftwithchildhoodfriendPaulAllen.Heturnedthecompanyintotheworld’slargestmakerofcomputersoftware.JobsandfriendSteveWozniakfoundedApplein1976fiveyearsbeforeIBMCorpjumpedintothepersonalcomputermarket.AfterleavingApplein1985Jobsmadeatriumphantreturnin1997whenApplewasstrugglingtosurvive.JobsiswidelycreditedwithApple’srenaissancewithastringofinnovativeproducts--theiMaccomputerforconsumersthepowerfulPowerMacandPowerBookandmorerecentlytheiPoddigitalmusicplayer.MicrosofthaslongdominatedwithitsWindowsoperatingsystemandsoftwareprogramslikeExcelandOffice.ButApplescoredbigwithitsiPodintroducedin2001anditsiTunesonlinemusicstore.Nextmonththecompany’ssettointroduceitsmuch-anticipatediPhonemobilehandset.MicrosoftreleasedtheZunemusicplayerinNovembertocompetewithiPod.Anaudiencememberlateraskedthetwomenwhattheylearnedfromeachother.Thewayhedoesthingsisjustdifferent.It’smagicalGatessaid.MicrosoftlearnedhowtopartnerwithpeoplereallywellandIthinkifApplecouldhavehadalittlemoreofthatinitsDNAitwouldhaveserveditextremelywellsaidJobs.GatesandJobsneverworkedtogetherbefore.
AThebluesisanemotionalsongBTheofficerwasgoodfornothingCtheprisoners’songsdifferedfromthoseontapessungatconcertsandjazzsessionsDTheyidentifiedthemselveswithitssingersECouldcomeclosetothepoorandtheweakFItwassungintheirnativelanguageThesoldiersenjoyedtheprisoners’songbecause______.
AThebluesisanemotionalsongBTheofficerwasgoodfornothingCtheprisoners’songsdifferedfromthoseontapessungatconcertsandjazzsessionsDTheyidentifiedthemselveswithitssingersECouldcomeclosetothepoorandtheweakFItwassungintheirnativelanguageThewritercomparesanofficertoacarradiatorcaptoshowthat______.
DiplomaYou’rebusyfillingouttheapplicationformforapositionyoureallyneed.Let’sassumeyouonceactuallycompletedacoupleofyearsofcollegeworkoreventhatyoucompletedyourdegree.Isn’tittemptingtoliejustalittletoclaimontheformthatyourdiplomarepresentsaHarvarddegreeOrthatyoufinishedanextracoupleofyearsbackatStateUniversityMoreandmorepeoplearcturningtoutterdeceptionlikethistolandtheirjobortomoveaheadintheircareersforpersonnelofficerslikemostAmericansvaluedegreesfromfamousschools.Ajobapplicantmayhaveagoodeducationanywaybutheorsheassumesthatchancesofbeinghiredarebetterwithadiplomafromawell-knownuniversity.Registrarsatmostwell-knowncollegessaytheydealwithdeceitfulclaimsliketheseattherateofaboutoneperweek.Personnelofficersdocheckupondegreeslistedonapplicationformsthen.Ifitturnsoutthatanapplicantislyingmostcollegesarereluctanttoaccusetheapplicantdirectly.OneIvyLeagueschoolcallsthemimpostors骗子;anotherreferstothemasspecialcases.Onewell-knownWestCoastschoolinperhapsthemostdelicatephraseofallsaysthattheseclaimsaremadebynosuchpeople.Toavoidoutright彻底的liessomejob-seekersclaimthattheyattendingmeansbeingdismissedafteronesemester.Itmaybethatbeingassociatedwithacollegemeansthatthejob-seekervisitedhisyoungerbrotherforafootballweekend.Oneschoolthatkeepsrecordsoffalseclaimssaysthatthepracticedatesbackatleasttotheturnofthecentury--that’swhentheybegankeepingrecordsanyhow.Ifyoudon’twanttolieorevenstretchthetruththerearecompaniesthatwillsellyouaphonydiploma.OnecompanywithofficesinNewYorkandontheWestCoastwillputyournameonadiplomafromanynumberofnonexistentcolleges.ThepricebeginsataroundtwentydollarsforadiplomafromSmootStateUniversity.ThepricesincreaserapidlyforadegreefromtheUniversityofPurdue.AsthereisnoSmootStateandtherealschoolinIndianaisproperlycalledPurdueUniversitythepricesseemratherhighforonesheetofpaper.Themainideaofthispassageisthat__:.
Smokingisnotpermittedintheoffice.
DiplomaYou’rebusyfillingouttheapplicationformforapositionyoureallyneed.Let’sassumeyouonceactuallycompletedacoupleofyearsofcollegeworkoreventhatyoucompletedyourdegree.Isn’tittemptingtoliejustalittletoclaimontheformthatyourdiplomarepresentsaHarvarddegreeOrthatyoufinishedanextracoupleofyearsbackatStateUniversityMoreandmorepeoplearcturningtoutterdeceptionlikethistolandtheirjobortomoveaheadintheircareersforpersonnelofficerslikemostAmericansvaluedegreesfromfamousschools.Ajobapplicantmayhaveagoodeducationanywaybutheorsheassumesthatchancesofbeinghiredarebetterwithadiplomafromawell-knownuniversity.Registrarsatmostwell-knowncollegessaytheydealwithdeceitfulclaimsliketheseattherateofaboutoneperweek.Personnelofficersdocheckupondegreeslistedonapplicationformsthen.Ifitturnsoutthatanapplicantislyingmostcollegesarereluctanttoaccusetheapplicantdirectly.OneIvyLeagueschoolcallsthemimpostors骗子;anotherreferstothemasspecialcases.Onewell-knownWestCoastschoolinperhapsthemostdelicatephraseofallsaysthattheseclaimsaremadebynosuchpeople.Toavoidoutright彻底的liessomejob-seekersclaimthattheyattendingmeansbeingdismissedafteronesemester.Itmaybethatbeingassociatedwithacollegemeansthatthejob-seekervisitedhisyoungerbrotherforafootballweekend.Oneschoolthatkeepsrecordsoffalseclaimssaysthatthepracticedatesbackatleasttotheturnofthecentury--that’swhentheybegankeepingrecordsanyhow.Ifyoudon’twanttolieorevenstretchthetruththerearecompaniesthatwillsellyouaphonydiploma.OnecompanywithofficesinNewYorkandontheWestCoastwillputyournameonadiplomafromanynumberofnonexistentcolleges.ThepricebeginsataroundtwentydollarsforadiplomafromSmootStateUniversity.ThepricesincreaserapidlyforadegreefromtheUniversityofPurdue.AsthereisnoSmootStateandtherealschoolinIndianaisproperlycalledPurdueUniversitythepricesseemratherhighforonesheetofpaper.Wecaninferfromthepassagethat______.
TheBlues—theSongoftheWalkingWounded1Jazzistheartofsurpriseproducingalwaysthesuddenandunexpected.Butthebluesissomethingelse.Jazzhasbeendevelopedintooneofthoseintellectualartformsthatscarespeopleaway.Thebluescanbefaked.Itisfakedmoretodaythanevenbefore.Butitisanemotionalsongandeventhefinestofbluessingerscannotalwayspossesstrueemotionstherealgriefwhichisattheheartinthesoul.2OfcourseIhadheardthebluesallmylife.IhadhearditallasateenagejazzfaninAmericatravellinglongdistancestositperfectlystilllisteningwithreligiousreverencetothegreatprogressivejazzmenoftheday.ButIwasnevermovedbythebluesuntilIwasayoungsoldiermarchingalongonelongdesperatelyhotafternoonunderasouthTexassun.Weweremarchingfourabreastriflesslungsingingasweswungalong.3Anofficermarchedattheheadofus.Hedidnotsing.Godknowshowwehatedthemtheofficers.Weallhatedthem.Theofficerwasonlythereforshow.Likeafancymotorcarradiatorcap.Suddenlyonourleftthereappearedthisghostlyvision.Allinwhite.Purewhite.Itwasmen.Aprisonwork-gang.Allblackmendressedinwhite.Theysangastheyworked.Theywerenotinchainsbutmenonhorsebackwatchedoverthem.4Themenonhorsebackwereunmovedboredbythesingingoftheprisonwork-gang.Maybetheyheardtoomuchofit.Butthebeautyoftheirsingingstirredus.Westoppedsingingourownsillysongaswedrewnearthem.Manyofuswereuniversitygraduates.Beingsoldiersintheinfantrywastheclosestwecouldevercomewithlucktojoiningthedown-troddenoftheearth.5Theprisongangweresingingsomework-song.Weallallofusfeltit;knewthefeelingofthesongforwewereprisonerstooandknewsomethingatleastofthelongingthatwentintothatsong.6Withouteverstoppingtheirworktheblackconvictgangsawus.ThescenethebeautyoftheirsingingoftheseblackmenwhowerethegrandsonsofkidnappedAfricanmenandwomenthedescendantsofslavesburnedoureyes.ThebluessunglikethisintheconditionofpenalservitudewhichwasitstruerootsandsetagainstthisdustylonesomeSouthernbackdropwastherealthing.AlltheconcertsjazzsessionsandrecordingsIhadlistenedtoagainandagain--noneofthemwaslikethis.AAjazzfansinceteenagerBBemovedbyblueswhilebeingasoldierCHeardblackmensingingbluesDComplimentsonthesingingEStirredbythebeautyofthesingingFJazzisAmerican’scontributiontopopularmusicParagraph4______
ThenumberoftheUnitedStatescitizenswhoareeligibletovotecontinuestoincrease.
Ifeelregretaboutwhat'shappened.
TestsShowWomenSuitedforSpaceTravelBetween1977and1981threegroupsofAmericanwomennumbering27inallbetweentheageof35and65weregivenmonth-longtestsforspacetravelpurposes.46.Thosewomenwerecarefullyselectedfromamongmanyapplicants.47.Theywerenotallowedtosmokeordrinkalcoholduringthetestsandtheywereexpectedtotolerateeachother’scompanyatclosequartersfortheentireperiod.Amongotherthingstheyhadtostandpressurethreetimestheforceofgravityandcarryoutbothphysicalandmentaltaskswhileexhaustedfromstrenuousphysicalexercise.48.Duringthattimetheysufferedbackachesandotherdiscomforts.49.Resultsofthetestssuggestthatwomenwillhavesignificantadvantagesovermenmspace.50.Men’sadvantagesintermsofstrengthandstaminameanwhilearevirtuallywipedoutbythezero-gravityconditioninspace.A.Attheendoftendaystheyhadtospendafurthertwentydaysabsolutelyconfinedtobed.B.Theywerevolunteersandwerepaidbarelyabovetheminimumwage.C.Thesetestswereconductedtodeterminehowtheywouldrespondtoconditionsresemblingthoseaboardthespaceshuttle.D.Theyneedlessfoodandlessoxygenandtheystanduptoradiationbetter.E.Someofthemwereover65.F.Whentheywerefinallyallowedupthemorephysicallyactivewomenwereespeciallysubjecttopainsduetoaslightcalciumloss.
SexChangeSurgeryGuidelinesDraftedChinaissetto51itsfirstclinicalguidelineonsex-changesurgeryaccordingtoanoticeputonthewebsiteoftheMinistryofHealthyesterday.Theministryisnowsolicitingpublicandprofessionalopinionsonthedraftguideline.Thecomingguidelineaimstoregulateandstandardizesexreassignmentsurgerypartofatreatmentforgenderidentitydisorderintranssexuals.Experts52nearly2000Chinesehaveundergonesex-changesurgerywhile100000to400000arestillconsideringit.Howevernoofficialnumberisavailable.InthedrafttheMOHsets53criteriaforbothsurgicalcandidatesandmedicalinstitutions.Candidatesforthesurgerymustbeolderthan20andsinglethedraftguidelinesaid.Theyarealsorequiredtoproveapersistentdesireforasexchangetoliveforatleastfiveconsecutiveyearsfull-timeinthenewgenderroleandtoengage54mentaltherapyforatleastoneyear.Beforesurgerycantakeplaceacandidatemustreceivearecommendationfortheoperationfroma55afteranappropriateseriesoftherapysessions.Alsoseverallegalrequirements56bemetbeforetheprocedure.Thecandidatemustprovideprooffrompolicethatheorshehasdoesnothaveanycriminaloffensesinthepast.Policemustalsoagreetochangethesexstatusontheidentitycardofthe57receiverbeforetheoperationcantake58.Theadventofsuchaguideline59toshowthatthegovernmentisconcerned60theneedsofarelativelysmall61ofpeoplewhowanttochangesex.Butdoctorsalsowarnthatallstakeholdersincludingthehospitalandprospectivereceiversshouldbehighlycautiousaboutthissurgery.Theoperationismorethanamedicalproceduredue62itshugesocialandlegalconsequences.Doctorsshouldmakeitcleartothose63sex-changesurgeriesthattheoptionalwaysremainstocontinuetoliveintheoriginalrole.Theguidelinerequiressurgeonstotellpatientsaboutotheroptions64hormonetherapy.Theyarealsorequiredtoexplaintherisksinvolvedandunderlyingsocialbarriersincludingdiscriminationandadministrativerecognitionandapproval.Forthecandidatesthesurgeryitselfisnotthebigissue65thelongrun.Therealissueisthekindoflifeheorshewillhavetoleadafterward.
Hewasoneoftheprincipalorganizersoftheassociation.
ACountry’sStandardofLivingThestandardoflivingofanycountrymeanstheaverageperson’sshareofthegoodsandservicesthecountryproduces.Acountry’sstandardoflivingtherefore51firstonitscapacitytoproducewealth.Wealthinthis52isnotmoneyforwedonotliveonmoneybutonthingsthatmoneycanbuy:goodssuchasfoodandclothingandservicessuchastransportandentertainment.Acountry’scapacityto53wealthdependsuponmanyfactorsmostof54haveaneffectononeanother.Wealthdepends55agreatextentuponacountry’snaturalresources.Someregionsoftheworldarewellsuppliedwithcoalandmineralsandhavefertilesoilandafavorableclimate;otherregions56noneofthem.Nexttonaturalresourcescomestheabilityto57themtouse.ChinaisperhapsasrichastheUSAinnaturalresourcesbutsufferedformanyyears58civilandexternalwarsandforthisandother59wasunabletodevelopherresources.Soundandstablepoliticalconditionsand60fromforeigninvasionsenableacountrytodevelopitsnaturalresourcespeacefullyandsteadilyandtoproducemore61thananothercountryequallywellfavoredbynaturebutlesswellordered.Acountry’sstandardoflivingdoesnotonlydependuponthewealththatisproducedand62withinitsownbordersbutalsouponwhatisdirectlyproducedthroughinternationaltradeforexampleBritain’swealthinfoodstuffsandotheragricultural63wouldbemuchlessifshehadtodependonlyonthosegrownathome.Trademakesitpossibleforhersurplus过剩的manufacturedgoodstobetradedabroadfortheagriculturalproducts64wouldotherwisebelacking.Acountry’swealthisthereforemuchinfluencedbyitsmanufacturingcapacity65thatothercountriescanbefoundreadytoacceptitsmanufactures.
MealsawayfromhomeWhatmakesAmericansspendnearlyhalftheirfooddollarsonmealsawayfromhomeTheanswerslieinthewayAmericanslivetoday.Duringthefirstfewdecadesofthetwentiethcenturycannedandotherconveniencefoodsfreedthefamilycookfromfull-timedutyatthekitchenrange.Theninthe1940sworkinthewartimedefenseplantstookmorewomenoutofthehomethateverbeforesettingthepatternoftheworkingwifeandmother.Unlessfamilymemberspitchinwithfoodpreparationwomenarenotfullyliberatedfromthatchore.It’seasiertopickupabucketoffriedchickenonthewayhomefromworkortakethefamilyoutforpizzasorburgersthantostartopeningcansorheatingupfrozendinnersafteralonghardday.Alsonowadaystherisingdivorceratemeansthattherearemoresingleworkingparentswithchildrentofeed.Andmanyyoungadultsandelderlypeopleaswellasunmarriedanddivorcedmaturepeoplelivealoneratherthanasapartofafamilyunitanddon’twanttobothercookingforone.Fastfoodisappealingbecauseitisfastitdoesn’trequireanydressingupitoffersafunbreakinthedailyroutineandtheoutlayofmoneyseemssmall.Itcanbeeateninthecarsometimespickedupatadrive-inwindowwithoutevengettingoutorontherun.Evenifitisbroughthometoeattherewillneverbeanydirtydishestowashbecauseofthehandydisposablewrappings.Childrenespeciallylovefastfoodbecauseit’sfingerfoodnostrugglingwithknivesandforksnoannoyinginstructionsfromadultsabouttablemanners.Accordingtothetextadrive-inwindowisa______.
TheBlues—theSongoftheWalkingWounded1Jazzistheartofsurpriseproducingalwaysthesuddenandunexpected.Butthebluesissomethingelse.Jazzhasbeendevelopedintooneofthoseintellectualartformsthatscarespeopleaway.Thebluescanbefaked.Itisfakedmoretodaythanevenbefore.Butitisanemotionalsongandeventhefinestofbluessingerscannotalwayspossesstrueemotionstherealgriefwhichisattheheartinthesoul.2OfcourseIhadheardthebluesallmylife.IhadhearditallasateenagejazzfaninAmericatravellinglongdistancestositperfectlystilllisteningwithreligiousreverencetothegreatprogressivejazzmenoftheday.ButIwasnevermovedbythebluesuntilIwasayoungsoldiermarchingalongonelongdesperatelyhotafternoonunderasouthTexassun.Weweremarchingfourabreastriflesslungsingingasweswungalong.3Anofficermarchedattheheadofus.Hedidnotsing.Godknowshowwehatedthemtheofficers.Weallhatedthem.Theofficerwasonlythereforshow.Likeafancymotorcarradiatorcap.Suddenlyonourleftthereappearedthisghostlyvision.Allinwhite.Purewhite.Itwasmen.Aprisonwork-gang.Allblackmendressedinwhite.Theysangastheyworked.Theywerenotinchainsbutmenonhorsebackwatchedoverthem.4Themenonhorsebackwereunmovedboredbythesingingoftheprisonwork-gang.Maybetheyheardtoomuchofit.Butthebeautyoftheirsingingstirredus.Westoppedsingingourownsillysongaswedrewnearthem.Manyofuswereuniversitygraduates.Beingsoldiersintheinfantrywastheclosestwecouldevercomewithlucktojoiningthedown-troddenoftheearth.5Theprisongangweresingingsomework-song.Weallallofusfeltit;knewthefeelingofthesongforwewereprisonerstooandknewsomethingatleastofthelongingthatwentintothatsong.6Withouteverstoppingtheirworktheblackconvictgangsawus.ThescenethebeautyoftheirsingingoftheseblackmenwhowerethegrandsonsofkidnappedAfricanmenandwomenthedescendantsofslavesburnedoureyes.ThebluessunglikethisintheconditionofpenalservitudewhichwasitstruerootsandsetagainstthisdustylonesomeSouthernbackdropwastherealthing.AlltheconcertsjazzsessionsandrecordingsIhadlistenedtoagainandagain--noneofthemwaslikethis.AAjazzfansinceteenagerBBemovedbyblueswhilebeingasoldierCHeardblackmensingingbluesDComplimentsonthesingingEStirredbythebeautyofthesingingFJazzisAmerican’scontributiontopopularmusicParagraph2______
SuccessTherearemanywaysofdefiningsuccess.Itisaccuratetosaythateachofushasourownconceptofsuccesstotheextentthateachofusisresponsibleforsettingourowngoalsanddeterminingwhetherwehavemetthesegoalssatisfactorily.Becauseeachofuspossessesuniquedifferencesingeneticabilityandfavorableenvironmentsinwhichtoexpresstheseabilitiesitisnecessarilytruethatwemustdefinesuccessbroadly.Forsomepeoplesimplybeingabletolivetheirlifewithaminimumofmiseryandsufferingisconsideredasuccess.Thinkofthepeaceofmindofthepoorshepherdwhotendshissheepenjoyshisfrugallifewithhisfamilyinthebeautyofnatureandwhoisrespectedbecausehedoesagoodjobofachievingthegoalsexpectedofandacceptedbyhisandhissociety.Ontheotherhanditseemsthateventhoughsomepeopleappeartoberichinmaterialpossessionsmanyofthemseemtobemiserableandconsiderthemselvesunsuccessfulwhenjudgedbytheirownstandardsofsuccess.Becausenotallventurescanbesuccessfuloneshouldnotsetunrealisticgoalsforachievingsuccessbutifonehasself-confidenceitwouldbeunfortunatetosetone’sgoalsattoolowalevelofachievement.Awisecounseloroncesaidtoayoungmanwhowasexperiencingfrustrationwithhisownprofessionalsuccess:Youdonothavetosetyourgoaltoreachthemooninordertohavesuccessintraveling.SometimesonecanbeverysuccessfulmerelybytakingawalkintheparkorridingthesubwaydowntownThecounseloraddedYouhavenotreallyfailedandspoiledyourchancesforsuccessuntilyouhavebeenunsuccessfulatsomethingyoureallylikeandtowhichyouhavegivenyoubesteffort./Thispassagemainlytalksabout______.
ThestoriesofSarahOrneJewettareconsideredbymanytobemoreauthenticallyregionalthanthoseofBretHarte.
GatesandJobsHaveaFriendlyChatLEGENDARYtechnologyrivalsBillGatesandSteveJobsmadeararejointappearanceandwastednotimebeingniceatachatatWallStreetJournal’sD:AllThingsDigitalconferencelastWednesday.BillbuiltthefirstsoftwarecompanyintheindustrysaidJobsco-founderoftheUS’sAppleInc.Billfocusedonsoftwarebeforeanyone.GatestheMicrosoftCorpco-founderhailedJobsfortakingbigrisksanddevelopingproductswithincredibletasteandelegance.JobsandGatesrecalledtheearlydaysworkingtogetherinthe1970ssharingtheirviewsonthestateoftechnologyatthattime.WhenKaraSwisherthejournal’stechnologyreporteraskedforthegreatestmisunderstandingintheirrelationshipJobsjoked:We’vekeptourmarriagesecretforoveradecadenow.Gatesadded:Neitherofushaveanythingtocomplainaboutingeneral...It’sbeenfuntoworktogether.ThetwotouchedbrieflyontheUS2008elections.Gatessaidcandidatesshouldbemeasuredbytheirideasforimprovingeducation.Thetwoworkedtogetherinthe1970sbuttheircompanieshaveremainedfiercerivals.GatesdroppedoutofHarvardUniversityin1975tofoundMicrosoftwithchildhoodfriendPaulAllen.Heturnedthecompanyintotheworld’slargestmakerofcomputersoftware.JobsandfriendSteveWozniakfoundedApplein1976fiveyearsbeforeIBMCorpjumpedintothepersonalcomputermarket.AfterleavingApplein1985Jobsmadeatriumphantreturnin1997whenApplewasstrugglingtosurvive.JobsiswidelycreditedwithApple’srenaissancewithastringofinnovativeproducts--theiMaccomputerforconsumersthepowerfulPowerMacandPowerBookandmorerecentlytheiPoddigitalmusicplayer.MicrosofthaslongdominatedwithitsWindowsoperatingsystemandsoftwareprogramslikeExcelandOffice.ButApplescoredbigwithitsiPodintroducedin2001anditsiTunesonlinemusicstore.Nextmonththecompany’ssettointroduceitsmuch-anticipatediPhonemobilehandset.MicrosoftreleasedtheZunemusicplayerinNovembertocompetewithiPod.Anaudiencememberlateraskedthetwomenwhattheylearnedfromeachother.Thewayhedoesthingsisjustdifferent.It’smagicalGatessaid.MicrosoftlearnedhowtopartnerwithpeoplereallywellandIthinkifApplecouldhavehadalittlemoreofthatinitsDNAitwouldhaveserveditextremelywellsaidJobs.ThefiercerivalbetweenGatesandJobsendedafter2001.
Thiskindofanimalsisonthevergeofextinctionbecausesomanyarebeingkilledfortheirfur.
ACountry’sStandardofLivingThestandardoflivingofanycountrymeanstheaverageperson’sshareofthegoodsandservicesthecountryproduces.Acountry’sstandardoflivingtherefore51firstonitscapacitytoproducewealth.Wealthinthis52isnotmoneyforwedonotliveonmoneybutonthingsthatmoneycanbuy:goodssuchasfoodandclothingandservicessuchastransportandentertainment.Acountry’scapacityto53wealthdependsuponmanyfactorsmostof54haveaneffectononeanother.Wealthdepends55agreatextentuponacountry’snaturalresources.Someregionsoftheworldarewellsuppliedwithcoalandmineralsandhavefertilesoilandafavorableclimate;otherregions56noneofthem.Nexttonaturalresourcescomestheabilityto57themtouse.ChinaisperhapsasrichastheUSAinnaturalresourcesbutsufferedformanyyears58civilandexternalwarsandforthisandother59wasunabletodevelopherresources.Soundandstablepoliticalconditionsand60fromforeigninvasionsenableacountrytodevelopitsnaturalresourcespeacefullyandsteadilyandtoproducemore61thananothercountryequallywellfavoredbynaturebutlesswellordered.Acountry’sstandardoflivingdoesnotonlydependuponthewealththatisproducedand62withinitsownbordersbutalsouponwhatisdirectlyproducedthroughinternationaltradeforexampleBritain’swealthinfoodstuffsandotheragricultural63wouldbemuchlessifshehadtodependonlyonthosegrownathome.Trademakesitpossibleforhersurplus过剩的manufacturedgoodstobetradedabroadfortheagriculturalproducts64wouldotherwisebelacking.Acountry’swealthisthereforemuchinfluencedbyitsmanufacturingcapacity65thatothercountriescanbefoundreadytoacceptitsmanufactures.
ACountry’sStandardofLivingThestandardoflivingofanycountrymeanstheaverageperson’sshareofthegoodsandservicesthecountryproduces.Acountry’sstandardoflivingtherefore51firstonitscapacitytoproducewealth.Wealthinthis52isnotmoneyforwedonotliveonmoneybutonthingsthatmoneycanbuy:goodssuchasfoodandclothingandservicessuchastransportandentertainment.Acountry’scapacityto53wealthdependsuponmanyfactorsmostof54haveaneffectononeanother.Wealthdepends55agreatextentuponacountry’snaturalresources.Someregionsoftheworldarewellsuppliedwithcoalandmineralsandhavefertilesoilandafavorableclimate;otherregions56noneofthem.Nexttonaturalresourcescomestheabilityto57themtouse.ChinaisperhapsasrichastheUSAinnaturalresourcesbutsufferedformanyyears58civilandexternalwarsandforthisandother59wasunabletodevelopherresources.Soundandstablepoliticalconditionsand60fromforeigninvasionsenableacountrytodevelopitsnaturalresourcespeacefullyandsteadilyandtoproducemore61thananothercountryequallywellfavoredbynaturebutlesswellordered.Acountry’sstandardoflivingdoesnotonlydependuponthewealththatisproducedand62withinitsownbordersbutalsouponwhatisdirectlyproducedthroughinternationaltradeforexampleBritain’swealthinfoodstuffsandotheragricultural63wouldbemuchlessifshehadtodependonlyonthosegrownathome.Trademakesitpossibleforhersurplus过剩的manufacturedgoodstobetradedabroadfortheagriculturalproducts64wouldotherwisebelacking.Acountry’swealthisthereforemuchinfluencedbyitsmanufacturingcapacity65thatothercountriescanbefoundreadytoacceptitsmanufactures.
GatesandJobsHaveaFriendlyChatLEGENDARYtechnologyrivalsBillGatesandSteveJobsmadeararejointappearanceandwastednotimebeingniceatachatatWallStreetJournal’sD:AllThingsDigitalconferencelastWednesday.BillbuiltthefirstsoftwarecompanyintheindustrysaidJobsco-founderoftheUS’sAppleInc.Billfocusedonsoftwarebeforeanyone.GatestheMicrosoftCorpco-founderhailedJobsfortakingbigrisksanddevelopingproductswithincredibletasteandelegance.JobsandGatesrecalledtheearlydaysworkingtogetherinthe1970ssharingtheirviewsonthestateoftechnologyatthattime.WhenKaraSwisherthejournal’stechnologyreporteraskedforthegreatestmisunderstandingintheirrelationshipJobsjoked:We’vekeptourmarriagesecretforoveradecadenow.Gatesadded:Neitherofushaveanythingtocomplainaboutingeneral...It’sbeenfuntoworktogether.ThetwotouchedbrieflyontheUS2008elections.Gatessaidcandidatesshouldbemeasuredbytheirideasforimprovingeducation.Thetwoworkedtogetherinthe1970sbuttheircompanieshaveremainedfiercerivals.GatesdroppedoutofHarvardUniversityin1975tofoundMicrosoftwithchildhoodfriendPaulAllen.Heturnedthecompanyintotheworld’slargestmakerofcomputersoftware.JobsandfriendSteveWozniakfoundedApplein1976fiveyearsbeforeIBMCorpjumpedintothepersonalcomputermarket.AfterleavingApplein1985Jobsmadeatriumphantreturnin1997whenApplewasstrugglingtosurvive.JobsiswidelycreditedwithApple’srenaissancewithastringofinnovativeproducts--theiMaccomputerforconsumersthepowerfulPowerMacandPowerBookandmorerecentlytheiPoddigitalmusicplayer.MicrosofthaslongdominatedwithitsWindowsoperatingsystemandsoftwareprogramslikeExcelandOffice.ButApplescoredbigwithitsiPodintroducedin2001anditsiTunesonlinemusicstore.Nextmonththecompany’ssettointroduceitsmuch-anticipatediPhonemobilehandset.MicrosoftreleasedtheZunemusicplayerinNovembertocompetewithiPod.Anaudiencememberlateraskedthetwomenwhattheylearnedfromeachother.Thewayhedoesthingsisjustdifferent.It’smagicalGatessaid.MicrosoftlearnedhowtopartnerwithpeoplereallywellandIthinkifApplecouldhavehadalittlemoreofthatinitsDNAitwouldhaveserveditextremelywellsaidJobs.GatesgraduatedfromHarvardUniversityin1975.
DiplomaYou’rebusyfillingouttheapplicationformforapositionyoureallyneed.Let’sassumeyouonceactuallycompletedacoupleofyearsofcollegeworkoreventhatyoucompletedyourdegree.Isn’tittemptingtoliejustalittletoclaimontheformthatyourdiplomarepresentsaHarvarddegreeOrthatyoufinishedanextracoupleofyearsbackatStateUniversityMoreandmorepeoplearcturningtoutterdeceptionlikethistolandtheirjobortomoveaheadintheircareersforpersonnelofficerslikemostAmericansvaluedegreesfromfamousschools.Ajobapplicantmayhaveagoodeducationanywaybutheorsheassumesthatchancesofbeinghiredarebetterwithadiplomafromawell-knownuniversity.Registrarsatmostwell-knowncollegessaytheydealwithdeceitfulclaimsliketheseattherateofaboutoneperweek.Personnelofficersdocheckupondegreeslistedonapplicationformsthen.Ifitturnsoutthatanapplicantislyingmostcollegesarereluctanttoaccusetheapplicantdirectly.OneIvyLeagueschoolcallsthemimpostors骗子;anotherreferstothemasspecialcases.Onewell-knownWestCoastschoolinperhapsthemostdelicatephraseofallsaysthattheseclaimsaremadebynosuchpeople.Toavoidoutright彻底的liessomejob-seekersclaimthattheyattendingmeansbeingdismissedafteronesemester.Itmaybethatbeingassociatedwithacollegemeansthatthejob-seekervisitedhisyoungerbrotherforafootballweekend.Oneschoolthatkeepsrecordsoffalseclaimssaysthatthepracticedatesbackatleasttotheturnofthecentury--that’swhentheybegankeepingrecordsanyhow.Ifyoudon’twanttolieorevenstretchthetruththerearecompaniesthatwillsellyouaphonydiploma.OnecompanywithofficesinNewYorkandontheWestCoastwillputyournameonadiplomafromanynumberofnonexistentcolleges.ThepricebeginsataroundtwentydollarsforadiplomafromSmootStateUniversity.ThepricesincreaserapidlyforadegreefromtheUniversityofPurdue.AsthereisnoSmootStateandtherealschoolinIndianaisproperlycalledPurdueUniversitythepricesseemratherhighforonesheetofpaper.ThewordphonyLine13Para2means______.
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