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? ?阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有2项测试任务：(1)第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2～5段每段选择1个正确的小标题；(2)第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确选项，分别完成每...
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? ?阅读下面这篇短文短文后有2项测试任务1第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第1～4段每段选
? ?阅读下面这篇短文短文后有2项测试任务1第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为规定段每段选择1
? ?阅读下面这篇短文短文后有2项测试任务1第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第1～4段每段选
? ?阅读下面这篇短文短文后有2项测试任务1第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第1～4段每段选
? ?阅读下面这篇短文短文后有2项测试任务1第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2～5段每段选
? ?阅读下面这篇短文短文后有2项测试任务1第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2～5段每段选
? ?阅读下面这篇短文短文后有2项测试任务1第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2～5段每段选
? ?阅读下面这篇短文短文后有2项测试任务1第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第1～4段每段选
? ?阅读下面这篇短文短文后有2项测试任务1第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第1～4段每段选
? ?阅读下面这篇短文短文后有2项测试任务1第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第1～4段每段选
? ?阅读下面这篇短文短文后有2项测试任务1第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2～5段每段选
? ?阅读下面这篇短文短文后有2项测试任务1第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第1～4段每段选
? ?阅读下面这篇短文短文后有2项测试任务1第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2～5段每段选
? ?阅读下面这篇短文短文后有2项测试任务1第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为规定段每段选择1
? ?阅读下面这篇短文短文后有2项测试任务1第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2—5段每段选
? ?阅读下面这篇短文短文后有2项测试任务1第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2～5段每段选
? ?阅读下面这篇短文短文后有2项测试任务1第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第1～4段每段选
? ?阅读下面这篇短文短文后有2项测试任务1第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2～5段每段选
? ?阅读下面这篇短文短文后有2项测试任务1第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第1～4段每段选
? ?阅读下面这篇短文短文后有2项测试任务1第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2～5段每段选
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{{*HTML*}}? ?阅读下面的短文文章中有5处空白文章后面有6组文字请根据文章的内容选择5组文字将其分别放回文章原有位置以恢复文章原貌 {{B}}?????????? ??????????? ?ReinventingtheTable{{/B}}??Anearthscientisthasrejigged theperiodictabletomakechemistrysimplertoteachtostudents.? ?{{U}}?46?{{/U}}ButBruceRailsbackfromtheUniversityof Georgia3saysheisthefirsttocreateatablethatbreakswithtraditionand showstheionsofeachelementratherthanjusttheelements themselves.??Igottiredofbreakingmyarmstryingtoexplain theperiodictabletoearthstudentshesayscriss-crossinghishandsinthe airandpointingtodifferentbitsofatraditionaltable.{{U}}?47 ?{{/U}}Buthehasaddedcontourlinestochargedensityhelpingtoexplain whichionsreactwithwhich.??Geochemistsjustwantanintuitive senseofwhat’sgoingonwiththeelementssaysAlbertGalyfromthe UniversityofCambridge4{{U}}?48?{{/U}}.??{{U}} ?49?{{/U}}Heexplainsthatsulphurforexampleshowsupinthree differentspots--oneforsulphidewhichisfoundinmineralsonefor sulphiteandoneforsulphatewhichisfoundinseasaltfor instance.??Hehasalsoincludedsymbolstoshowwhichionsare nutrientsandwhicharecommoninsoilorwater.{{U}}?50 ?{{/U}}.A.Therehavebeenmanyattemptstoredesigntheperiodictable sinceDmitriMendeleev2drewitupin1871.B.Railsbackhasstillordered theelementsaccordingtothenumberofprotonstheyhave.C.Iimaginethis wouldbegoodforundergraduates.D.Railsbackhaslistedsomeelementsmore thanonce.E?Andthesizeofelement’ssymbolreflectshowmuchofit isfoundintheEarth’scrust.F?Thetraditionalperiodictablewas welldrawn.{{*HTML*}}
{{*HTML*}}下面有3篇短文每篇短文后有5道题每题后面有4个选项请仔细阅读短文并根据短文回答其后面的问题从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案{{B}}第一篇{{/B}} {{B}}??????? ??????????? ??AdaptationofLivingThings{{/B}}??Certainanimalsand plantsdevelopcharacteristicsthathelpthemcopewiththeirenvironments betterthanothersoftheirkind.Thisnaturalbiologicalprocessiscalled adaptation.Amongthesuperiorcharacteristicsdevelopedthroughadaptationare thosethatmayhelpingettingfoodorshelterinprovidingprotectionandin producingandprotectingtheyoung.Thatresultsintheevolutionofmoreand moreorganismsthatarebetterfittedtotheirenvironments.? ?Eachlivingthingisadaptedtoitswayoflifeinageneralwaybuteach isadaptedespeciallytoitsowndistinctclass.Aplantforexampledepends uponitsrootstofixitselffirmlyandtoabsorbwaterandinorganicchemicals. Itdependsuponitsgreenleavesforusingthesun’senergytomakefoodfrom inorganicchemicals.Thesearegeneraladaptationscommontomostplants.In additiontherearespecialadaptationsthatonlycertainkindsofplants have.??Manyanimalshaveadaptationsthathelpthemescapefrom theirenemies.Someinsectsarehiddenbytheirbodycolororshapeandmany looklikealeaforalittlebranch.Thecoatsofdeerarecoloredtomixwith thesurroundings.Manyanimalshavetheabilitytoremaincompletelystillwhen anenemyisnear.??Organismshaveagreatvarietyofwaysof adapting.Theymayadaptintheirstructurefunctionandgenetics;intheir developmentandproductionoftheyoung;andinotherrespects.Anorganismmay createitsownenvironmentasdowarm-bloodedmammalswhichhavetheability toadjustbodyheatexactlytomaintaintheiridealtemperaturedespitechanging weather.Usuallyadaptationsareanadvantagebutsometimesanorganismisso welladaptedtoaparticularenvironmentthatifconditionschangeitfindsit difficultorimpossibletoreadapttothenew conditions.Whichofthefollowingisnotdirectlymentionedinthepassage?
Academicrecordsfromotherinstitutionsoftenbecomepartofauniversity'sofficialfileandcanneitherbereturnedtoastudentnor{{U}}duplicated{{/U}}.
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{{*HTML*}}??阅读下面这篇短文短文后列出7个句子请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断 {{B}}??????? ??????????? ????????Foodand Cancer{{/B}}??Medicalexpertshavesuspectedformanyyearsthat thereisastronglinkbetweenwhatapersoneatsandcancer.Theysayanew studyprovidesthefirstevidencethatvitaminscouldreduceaperson’schance ofdevelopingcancer.AteamofChineseandAmericanscientistsdidthestudy. TheyarefromAmericanNationalCancerInstituteandtheCancerInstituteofthe ChineseAcademyofMedicalSciencesinBeijing.TheJournaloftheNational CancerInstitutepublishedtheresultsofthestudy.Aboutthirtythousand peoplebetweentheagesof40to69tookpartinthestudy.Theywerefromthe northerncentralChineseareaofLinxian.Mostofthemtookvitaminsand mineralseverydayforfiveyears.??Linxianwaschosenbecause thepeopletherehaveanextremelyhighrateofcancerofstomachandesophagus. Researchersbelievethatfungusandmoldsinlocalfoodsmaybepartly responsibleforthehighcancerrate.Researchersdividedthoseintoeight groups.Sevenofthegroupsreceiveddifferentmixturesofvitaminsandminerals daily.Theamountsofthevitaminsandmineralswere1to2timesgreaterthan whatAmericanhealthofficialssayisneeded.Theeighthgroupreceivedsugar pillsthathadnoeffect.Thosewhoseemedtogainthemostreceivedamixture ofaformofvitaminAcalledβ-carotenevitaminEandthemineralselenium. Thevitaminandmineralarebelievedtopreventdamagetocellscausedby cancer-causingsubstances.Researchersreporteda13percentdropincancer ratesinthosewhotookβ-carotenevitaminEandselenium.Theyalsofounda10 percentdropinthenumberofdeathscausedbystrokesfromburstingblood vessels.??Scientistswarnthatitistoosoontoknowifthe effectwouldbethesameamongpeopleinothercountries.Theynotethatthe peopleinLinxianeatfoodsthatlacknecessaryvitaminsandminerals.Chinese officialswillcontinuetorecordthehealthrecordsofthepeopleinLinxian formanyyears.Fornowofficialsreportedlyareconsideringusingthe.results ofthestudy.TheywanttofindawaytoimprovethehealthofpeopleinLinxian andothersmalltownsinChina.Thestudylastedforaboutfiveyears.
{{*HTML*}}? ?阅读下面的短文文章中有5处空白文章后面有6组文字请根据文章的内容选择5组文字将其分别放回文章原有位置以恢复文章原貌 {{B}}?????????? ??????????? ?ReinventingtheTable{{/B}}??Anearthscientisthasrejigged theperiodictabletomakechemistrysimplertoteachtostudents.? ?{{U}}?46?{{/U}}ButBruceRailsbackfromtheUniversityof Georgia3saysheisthefirsttocreateatablethatbreakswithtraditionand showstheionsofeachelementratherthanjusttheelements themselves.??Igottiredofbreakingmyarmstryingtoexplain theperiodictabletoearthstudentshesayscriss-crossinghishandsinthe airandpointingtodifferentbitsofatraditionaltable.{{U}}?47 ?{{/U}}Buthehasaddedcontourlinestochargedensityhelpingtoexplain whichionsreactwithwhich.??Geochemistsjustwantanintuitive senseofwhat’sgoingonwiththeelementssaysAlbertGalyfromthe UniversityofCambridge4{{U}}?48?{{/U}}.??{{U}} ?49?{{/U}}Heexplainsthatsulphurforexampleshowsupinthree differentspots--oneforsulphidewhichisfoundinmineralsonefor sulphiteandoneforsulphatewhichisfoundinseasaltfor instance.??Hehasalsoincludedsymbolstoshowwhichionsare nutrientsandwhicharecommoninsoilorwater.{{U}}?50 ?{{/U}}.A.Therehavebeenmanyattemptstoredesigntheperiodictable sinceDmitriMendeleev2drewitupin1871.B.Railsbackhasstillordered theelementsaccordingtothenumberofprotonstheyhave.C.Iimaginethis wouldbegoodforundergraduates.D.Railsbackhaslistedsomeelementsmore thanonce.E?Andthesizeofelement’ssymbolreflectshowmuchofit isfoundintheEarth’scrust.F?Thetraditionalperiodictablewas welldrawn.
HeartAttack IntheUnitedStatesandespeciallyinbigcitiesandruralareastensofthousandsofpeoplewithheartsthatshouldbegood【51】tokeepthemalivedieeachyearforlackofadequatefirstaid.InNewYorkCityforexampleanewstudyhasshownthatonlyonepersonin100outsideofhospitals【52】aftertheheartsuddenlystopspumping.IncontrastinSeattlethesurvival【53】aftersuchheartattacksisoneinfive. Thedifferencecanbetraced【54】theeffectivenessofthechainofsurvivalDr.JosephP.Ornatosaid.Eachlinkinthe【55】mustbestrongenoughformanylivestobe【56】. Thechainbeginswithanimmediatetelephone【57】foremergencyhelpandthestartwithinfourminutesoftheprocessneededforrestartingthe【58】workingbyafamilymemberorbystander旁观者. Itcontinueswiththepromptarrival-------withineight【59】tenminutesofarescuerequippedwithaspecialinstrumentthatcanshocktheheartbacktoanormalrhythm.Anditendswiththeadministration给予实施ofadvanced先进emergencycarebynursestomaintaintheheart’’sabilitytosurviveuntilthedoctorsatthehospitalscantake【60】Whenoneormorelinksinthischainfailorfunctiontooslowlythe【61】ofavictimsurvivingheartattackfallsrapidly.Becauseofwidespreadweaknessesinthechainof【62】expertsinemergencyheartcareestimatethat20000to80000people【63】needlesslyofheartattackeachyearanumbercomparabletothe55000killedannuallyinautomobile【64】. OneexpertsaysSendinganemergencyvehicletoaheartattackvictim【65】thespecialequipmentislikehavingpolicemenwithgunsbutnobullets.Theymayputonagoodshowbuttheylacktheweaponneededtogetthejobdone.
HeartAttack IntheUnitedStatesandespeciallyinbigcitiesandruralareastensofthousandsofpeoplewithheartsthatshouldbegood【51】tokeepthemalivedieeachyearforlackofadequatefirstaid.InNewYorkCityforexampleanewstudyhasshownthatonlyonepersonin100outsideofhospitals【52】aftertheheartsuddenlystopspumping.IncontrastinSeattlethesurvival【53】aftersuchheartattacksisoneinfive. Thedifferencecanbetraced【54】theeffectivenessofthechainofsurvivalDr.JosephP.Ornatosaid.Eachlinkinthe【55】mustbestrongenoughformanylivestobe【56】. Thechainbeginswithanimmediatetelephone【57】foremergencyhelpandthestartwithinfourminutesoftheprocessneededforrestartingthe【58】workingbyafamilymemberorbystander旁观者. Itcontinueswiththepromptarrival-------withineight【59】tenminutesofarescuerequippedwithaspecialinstrumentthatcanshocktheheartbacktoanormalrhythm.Anditendswiththeadministration给予实施ofadvanced先进emergencycarebynursestomaintaintheheart’’sabilitytosurviveuntilthedoctorsatthehospitalscantake【60】Whenoneormorelinksinthischainfailorfunctiontooslowlythe【61】ofavictimsurvivingheartattackfallsrapidly.Becauseofwidespreadweaknessesinthechainof【62】expertsinemergencyheartcareestimatethat20000to80000people【63】needlesslyofheartattackeachyearanumbercomparabletothe55000killedannuallyinautomobile【64】. OneexpertsaysSendinganemergencyvehicletoaheartattackvictim【65】thespecialequipmentislikehavingpolicemenwithgunsbutnobullets.Theymayputonagoodshowbuttheylacktheweaponneededtogetthejobdone.
HeartAttack IntheUnitedStatesandespeciallyinbigcitiesandruralareastensofthousandsofpeoplewithheartsthatshouldbegood【51】tokeepthemalivedieeachyearforlackofadequatefirstaid.InNewYorkCityforexampleanewstudyhasshownthatonlyonepersonin100outsideofhospitals【52】aftertheheartsuddenlystopspumping.IncontrastinSeattlethesurvival【53】aftersuchheartattacksisoneinfive. Thedifferencecanbetraced【54】theeffectivenessofthechainofsurvivalDr.JosephP.Ornatosaid.Eachlinkinthe【55】mustbestrongenoughformanylivestobe【56】. Thechainbeginswithanimmediatetelephone【57】foremergencyhelpandthestartwithinfourminutesoftheprocessneededforrestartingthe【58】workingbyafamilymemberorbystander旁观者. Itcontinueswiththepromptarrival-------withineight【59】tenminutesofarescuerequippedwithaspecialinstrumentthatcanshocktheheartbacktoanormalrhythm.Anditendswiththeadministration给予实施ofadvanced先进emergencycarebynursestomaintaintheheart’’sabilitytosurviveuntilthedoctorsatthehospitalscantake【60】Whenoneormorelinksinthischainfailorfunctiontooslowlythe【61】ofavictimsurvivingheartattackfallsrapidly.Becauseofwidespreadweaknessesinthechainof【62】expertsinemergencyheartcareestimatethat20000to80000people【63】needlesslyofheartattackeachyearanumbercomparabletothe55000killedannuallyinautomobile【64】. OneexpertsaysSendinganemergencyvehicletoaheartattackvictim【65】thespecialequipmentislikehavingpolicemenwithgunsbutnobullets.Theymayputonagoodshowbuttheylacktheweaponneededtogetthejobdone.
Theexpeditionreachedthe{{U}}summit{{/U}}at10:30thatmorning.
{{*HTML*}}{{B}}第二篇{{/B}} {{B}}??????? ????????FDA:HumanAnimalWaste ThreatensProduce{{/B}}??Thebiggestfoodsafetyriskforfresh fruitsandvegetablesastheyaregrownpickedorprocessedcomesfromhuman andanimalwastetheUSFoodandDrugAdministrationFDAsaid Friday.??Morethan9000Americansdieeachyearfromfood-borne diseasesandsomescientistsbelievefreshproduceisthebiggestcarrierof contamination.??TheFDAissuedasetofdraftguidelinesforUS andforeigngrowerstocarefullymonitorworkerhygienewaterqualitymanure managementandtransportation.??This34-pagedraftguidelines urgedgrowerstogiveworkerslessonsonbasichygienesuchasUsingsoapto washtheirhandscoveringwoundsthatcouldcomeintocontactwithproduceand usingonlycleantoilets.??TheFDAguidelinesidentifiedthe majorsourceofcontaminationforfreshproduceashumanoranimal feces.??Wethinkjustpropercontrolsandproperattentionto detailwouldmakeabigdifferenceinfoodsafetysaidanFDAofficial.Itis ourbeliefthattheseguidelineswouldnotbeverycostly.??But growergroupsdisagreedwiththeFDA’sassessment.Mostfood-bornedisease outbreaksthathappenfurtherdownthedistributionlinearedueto contaminationbecausepeoplepreparingfoodarenotproperlywashingtheir handssaidStaceyZawalanofficialwithUnitedFreshFruitandVegetable Association.Thatisnotnecessarilytrueforgrowersandpackers.? ?SomeUSgrowerorganizationshaveexpressedconcernthattheagencyis interferingwithon-farmpractices.8OthersobjecttotheFDA’sproposalto havegrowersformallydocumentthepickinghandlingandtransportationof producesothathealthofficialscouldquicklyrecallfoodsif necessary.??ConsumergroupscriticizedtheFDAguidelinesasof littleusebecausetheywillnotcarrytheforceoflawtoButstricter regulationscouldevolveasresearchersfindnewtechnologyormethodstokill harmfulbacteriaorparasitestheFDAsaid.??TheFDA recommendationsareduetobemadefinalbytheFDAlaterthisyearforuseby USandforeigngrowers.Thematterofencouragingforeigngrowerstoadoptthe guidelinesremainssomewhattrickybutFDAofficialssayitisvitalbecauseof thehugeamountofimportedproduce.AnFDAofficialsaidthatputtingtheguidelinesintopractice
{{*HTML*}}??阅读下面这篇短文短文后列出7个句子请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断 {{B}}??????? ??????????? ????????Foodand Cancer{{/B}}??Medicalexpertshavesuspectedformanyyearsthat thereisastronglinkbetweenwhatapersoneatsandcancer.Theysayanew studyprovidesthefirstevidencethatvitaminscouldreduceaperson’schance ofdevelopingcancer.AteamofChineseandAmericanscientistsdidthestudy. TheyarefromAmericanNationalCancerInstituteandtheCancerInstituteofthe ChineseAcademyofMedicalSciencesinBeijing.TheJournaloftheNational CancerInstitutepublishedtheresultsofthestudy.Aboutthirtythousand peoplebetweentheagesof40to69tookpartinthestudy.Theywerefromthe northerncentralChineseareaofLinxian.Mostofthemtookvitaminsand mineralseverydayforfiveyears.??Linxianwaschosenbecause thepeopletherehaveanextremelyhighrateofcancerofstomachandesophagus. Researchersbelievethatfungusandmoldsinlocalfoodsmaybepartly responsibleforthehighcancerrate.Researchersdividedthoseintoeight groups.Sevenofthegroupsreceiveddifferentmixturesofvitaminsandminerals daily.Theamountsofthevitaminsandmineralswere1to2timesgreaterthan whatAmericanhealthofficialssayisneeded.Theeighthgroupreceivedsugar pillsthathadnoeffect.Thosewhoseemedtogainthemostreceivedamixture ofaformofvitaminAcalledβ-carotenevitaminEandthemineralselenium. Thevitaminandmineralarebelievedtopreventdamagetocellscausedby cancer-causingsubstances.Researchersreporteda13percentdropincancer ratesinthosewhotookβ-carotenevitaminEandselenium.Theyalsofounda10 percentdropinthenumberofdeathscausedbystrokesfromburstingblood vessels.??Scientistswarnthatitistoosoontoknowifthe effectwouldbethesameamongpeopleinothercountries.Theynotethatthe peopleinLinxianeatfoodsthatlacknecessaryvitaminsandminerals.Chinese officialswillcontinuetorecordthehealthrecordsofthepeopleinLinxian formanyyears.Fornowofficialsreportedlyareconsideringusingthe.results ofthestudy.TheywanttofindawaytoimprovethehealthofpeopleinLinxian andothersmalltownsinChina.FungusandmoldsinlocalfoodsmaybepartlyresponsibleforthehighcancerrateinLinxian.
Thelatest{{U}}census{{/U}}isencouraging.
{{*HTML*}}{{B}}第三篇{{/B}} {{B}}??????? ??????????? ????EarlyorLaterDayCare{{/B}}??The BritishpsychoanalystJohnBowlbymaintainsthatseparationfromtheparents duringthesensitiveattachmentperiodfrombirthtothreemayscarachild’s personalityandpredisposetoemotionalproblemsinlaterlife.Somepeoplehave drawntheconclusionfromBowlby’sworkthatchildrenshouldnotbesubjectedto daycarebeforetheageofthreebecauseoftheparentalseparationitentails andmanypeopledobelievethis.Buttherearealsoargumentsagainstsucha strongconclusion.??Firstlyanthropologistspointoutthatthe insulatedloveaffairbetweenchildrenandparentsfoundinmodemsocietiesdoes notusuallyexistintraditionalsocieties.Forexampleinsometribal societiessuchastheNgonihefatherandmotherofachilddidnotrear theirinfantalone--farfromit.Secondlycommonsensetellsusthatdaycare wouldnotbesowidespreadtodayifparentscare-takersfoundchildrenhad problemswithit.Statisticalstudiesofthiskindhavenotyetbeencarried outandeveniftheyweretheresultswouldbecertaintobecomplicatedand controversial.Thirdlyinthelastdecadetherehavebeenanumberofcareful Americanstudiesofchildrenindaycareandtheyhaveuniformlyreportedthat daycarehadaneutralorslightlypositiveeffectonchildren’sdevelopment. Butteststhathavehadtobeusedtomeasurethisdevelopmentarenotwidely enoughacceptedtosettletheissue.??ButBowlby’sanalysis raisesthepossibilitythatearlydaycarehasdelayedeffects.Thepossibility thatsuchcaremightleadtosaymorementalillnessorcrime15or20years latercanonlybeexploredbytheuseofstatistics.Whateverthelong-term effectsparentssometimesfindtheimmediateeffectsdifficulttodealwith. Childrenunderthreearelikelytoprotestatleavingtheirparentsandshow unhappiness.Attheageofthreeorthreeandahalfalmostallchildrenfind thetransitiontonurseryeasyandthisisundoubtedlywhymoreandmore parentsmakeuseofchildcareatthistime.?Thematterthenisfarfrom clear-cutthoughexperienceandavailableevidenceindicatethatearlycareis reasonableforinfants.WhichofthefollowingisderivablefromBowlby’swork?
{{*HTML*}}??阅读下面这篇短文短文后列出7个句子请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断 {{B}}??????? ??????????? ????????Foodand Cancer{{/B}}??Medicalexpertshavesuspectedformanyyearsthat thereisastronglinkbetweenwhatapersoneatsandcancer.Theysayanew studyprovidesthefirstevidencethatvitaminscouldreduceaperson’schance ofdevelopingcancer.AteamofChineseandAmericanscientistsdidthestudy. TheyarefromAmericanNationalCancerInstituteandtheCancerInstituteofthe ChineseAcademyofMedicalSciencesinBeijing.TheJournaloftheNational CancerInstitutepublishedtheresultsofthestudy.Aboutthirtythousand peoplebetweentheagesof40to69tookpartinthestudy.Theywerefromthe northerncentralChineseareaofLinxian.Mostofthemtookvitaminsand mineralseverydayforfiveyears.??Linxianwaschosenbecause thepeopletherehaveanextremelyhighrateofcancerofstomachandesophagus. Researchersbelievethatfungusandmoldsinlocalfoodsmaybepartly responsibleforthehighcancerrate.Researchersdividedthoseintoeight groups.Sevenofthegroupsreceiveddifferentmixturesofvitaminsandminerals daily.Theamountsofthevitaminsandmineralswere1to2timesgreaterthan whatAmericanhealthofficialssayisneeded.Theeighthgroupreceivedsugar pillsthathadnoeffect.Thosewhoseemedtogainthemostreceivedamixture ofaformofvitaminAcalledβ-carotenevitaminEandthemineralselenium. Thevitaminandmineralarebelievedtopreventdamagetocellscausedby cancer-causingsubstances.Researchersreporteda13percentdropincancer ratesinthosewhotookβ-carotenevitaminEandselenium.Theyalsofounda10 percentdropinthenumberofdeathscausedbystrokesfromburstingblood vessels.??Scientistswarnthatitistoosoontoknowifthe effectwouldbethesameamongpeopleinothercountries.Theynotethatthe peopleinLinxianeatfoodsthatlacknecessaryvitaminsandminerals.Chinese officialswillcontinuetorecordthehealthrecordsofthepeopleinLinxian formanyyears.Fornowofficialsreportedlyareconsideringusingthe.results ofthestudy.TheywanttofindawaytoimprovethehealthofpeopleinLinxian andothersmalltownsinChina.Theresultsofthestudyareofgreatsignificancetopeopleeverywhere.
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HeartAttack IntheUnitedStatesandespeciallyinbigcitiesandruralareastensofthousandsofpeoplewithheartsthatshouldbegood【51】tokeepthemalivedieeachyearforlackofadequatefirstaid.InNewYorkCityforexampleanewstudyhasshownthatonlyonepersonin100outsideofhospitals【52】aftertheheartsuddenlystopspumping.IncontrastinSeattlethesurvival【53】aftersuchheartattacksisoneinfive. Thedifferencecanbetraced【54】theeffectivenessofthechainofsurvivalDr.JosephP.Ornatosaid.Eachlinkinthe【55】mustbestrongenoughformanylivestobe【56】. Thechainbeginswithanimmediatetelephone【57】foremergencyhelpandthestartwithinfourminutesoftheprocessneededforrestartingthe【58】workingbyafamilymemberorbystander旁观者. Itcontinueswiththepromptarrival-------withineight【59】tenminutesofarescuerequippedwithaspecialinstrumentthatcanshocktheheartbacktoanormalrhythm.Anditendswiththeadministration给予实施ofadvanced先进emergencycarebynursestomaintaintheheart’’sabilitytosurviveuntilthedoctorsatthehospitalscantake【60】Whenoneormorelinksinthischainfailorfunctiontooslowlythe【61】ofavictimsurvivingheartattackfallsrapidly.Becauseofwidespreadweaknessesinthechainof【62】expertsinemergencyheartcareestimatethat20000to80000people【63】needlesslyofheartattackeachyearanumbercomparabletothe55000killedannuallyinautomobile【64】. OneexpertsaysSendinganemergencyvehicletoaheartattackvictim【65】thespecialequipmentislikehavingpolicemenwithgunsbutnobullets.Theymayputonagoodshowbuttheylacktheweaponneededtogetthejobdone.
{{*HTML*}}{{B}}第二篇{{/B}} {{B}}??????? ????????FDA:HumanAnimalWaste ThreatensProduce{{/B}}??Thebiggestfoodsafetyriskforfresh fruitsandvegetablesastheyaregrownpickedorprocessedcomesfromhuman andanimalwastetheUSFoodandDrugAdministrationFDAsaid Friday.??Morethan9000Americansdieeachyearfromfood-borne diseasesandsomescientistsbelievefreshproduceisthebiggestcarrierof contamination.??TheFDAissuedasetofdraftguidelinesforUS andforeigngrowerstocarefullymonitorworkerhygienewaterqualitymanure managementandtransportation.??This34-pagedraftguidelines urgedgrowerstogiveworkerslessonsonbasichygienesuchasUsingsoapto washtheirhandscoveringwoundsthatcouldcomeintocontactwithproduceand usingonlycleantoilets.??TheFDAguidelinesidentifiedthe majorsourceofcontaminationforfreshproduceashumanoranimal feces.??Wethinkjustpropercontrolsandproperattentionto detailwouldmakeabigdifferenceinfoodsafetysaidanFDAofficial.Itis ourbeliefthattheseguidelineswouldnotbeverycostly.??But growergroupsdisagreedwiththeFDA’sassessment.Mostfood-bornedisease outbreaksthathappenfurtherdownthedistributionlinearedueto contaminationbecausepeoplepreparingfoodarenotproperlywashingtheir handssaidStaceyZawalanofficialwithUnitedFreshFruitandVegetable Association.Thatisnotnecessarilytrueforgrowersandpackers.? ?SomeUSgrowerorganizationshaveexpressedconcernthattheagencyis interferingwithon-farmpractices.8OthersobjecttotheFDA’sproposalto havegrowersformallydocumentthepickinghandlingandtransportationof producesothathealthofficialscouldquicklyrecallfoodsif necessary.??ConsumergroupscriticizedtheFDAguidelinesasof littleusebecausetheywillnotcarrytheforceoflawtoButstricter regulationscouldevolveasresearchersfindnewtechnologyormethodstokill harmfulbacteriaorparasitestheFDAsaid.??TheFDA recommendationsareduetobemadefinalbytheFDAlaterthisyearforuseby USandforeigngrowers.Thematterofencouragingforeigngrowerstoadoptthe guidelinesremainssomewhattrickybutFDAofficialssayitisvitalbecauseof thehugeamountofimportedproduce.Thelastparagraphsuggeststhat
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{{*HTML*}}? ?阅读下面这篇短文短文后有2项测试任务1第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2～5段每段选择1个正确的小标题2第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确选项分别完成每个句子 {{B}}?????????? ??????????? ?????ScreenTest{{/B}}??1.Everyyear millionsofwomenarescreenedwithX-raystopickupsignsofbreastcancer.If thishappensearlyenoughthediseasecanoftenbetreatedsuccessfully. Accordingtoasurveypublishedlastyear21countrieshavescreening programmes.NineofthemincludingAustraliaCanadatheUSandSpainscreen womenunder50.??2.Butthemedicalbenefitsofscreeningthese youngerwomenarecontroversialpartlybecausetheradiationbringsasmall riskofinducingcancer.Alsoyoungerwomenmustbegivenhigherdosesof X-raysbecausetheirbreasttissueisdenser.??3.Researchersat thePolytechnicUniversityofValenciaanalysedtheeffectofscreeningmore than160000womenat11localclinics.Afterestimatingthewomen’scumulative doseofradiationtheyusedtwomodelstocalculatethenumberofextracancers thiswouldcause.??4.Themathematicalmodelrecommendedby Britain’sNationalRadiologicalProtectionBoardNRPBpredictedthatthe screeningprogrammewouldcause36cancersper100000women18ofthemfatal. ThemodelpreferredbytheUNScientificCommitteeontheEffectsofAtomic Radiationledtoalowerfigureof20cancers.??5.The researchersarguethatthelevelofradiation-inducedcancersisnotvery significantcomparedtothefarlargernumberofcancersthatarediscovered andtreated.TheValenciaprogrammetheysaydetectsbetween300and450cases ofbreastcancerinevery100000womenscreened.??6.Butthey pointoutthattheriskofwomencontractingcancerfromradiationcouldbe reducedbybetween40and80percentifscreeningbeganat50insteadof45 becausetheywouldbeexposedtolessradiation.Theresultsoftheirstudy theysuggestcouldhelpoptimisethetechniqueforbreastcancer screening.??7.Thereisatrade-offbetweenthediagnostic benefitsofbreastscreeninganditsrisksadmitsMichaelClarkoftheNRPB. Buthewarnsthatthestudyshouldbeinterpretedwithcaution.Onthebasisof thecurrentdataforevery10cancerssuccessfullydetectedandpreventedthere isariskofcausingonelaterinlife.That’swhyradiationexposureshouldbe minimisedinanyscreeningprogramme.Paragraph3______
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{{*HTML*}}? ?阅读下面这篇短文短文后有2项测试任务1第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2～5段每段选择1个正确的小标题2第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确选项分别完成每个句子 {{B}}?????????? ??????????? ?????ScreenTest{{/B}}??1.Everyyear millionsofwomenarescreenedwithX-raystopickupsignsofbreastcancer.If thishappensearlyenoughthediseasecanoftenbetreatedsuccessfully. Accordingtoasurveypublishedlastyear21countrieshavescreening programmes.NineofthemincludingAustraliaCanadatheUSandSpainscreen womenunder50.??2.Butthemedicalbenefitsofscreeningthese youngerwomenarecontroversialpartlybecausetheradiationbringsasmall riskofinducingcancer.Alsoyoungerwomenmustbegivenhigherdosesof X-raysbecausetheirbreasttissueisdenser.??3.Researchersat thePolytechnicUniversityofValenciaanalysedtheeffectofscreeningmore than160000womenat11localclinics.Afterestimatingthewomen’scumulative doseofradiationtheyusedtwomodelstocalculatethenumberofextracancers thiswouldcause.??4.Themathematicalmodelrecommendedby Britain’sNationalRadiologicalProtectionBoardNRPBpredictedthatthe screeningprogrammewouldcause36cancersper100000women18ofthemfatal. ThemodelpreferredbytheUNScientificCommitteeontheEffectsofAtomic Radiationledtoalowerfigureof20cancers.??5.The researchersarguethatthelevelofradiation-inducedcancersisnotvery significantcomparedtothefarlargernumberofcancersthatarediscovered andtreated.TheValenciaprogrammetheysaydetectsbetween300and450cases ofbreastcancerinevery100000womenscreened.??6.Butthey pointoutthattheriskofwomencontractingcancerfromradiationcouldbe reducedbybetween40and80percentifscreeningbeganat50insteadof45 becausetheywouldbeexposedtolessradiation.Theresultsoftheirstudy theysuggestcouldhelpoptimisethetechniqueforbreastcancer screening.??7.Thereisatrade-offbetweenthediagnostic benefitsofbreastscreeninganditsrisksadmitsMichaelClarkoftheNRPB. Buthewarnsthatthestudyshouldbeinterpretedwithcaution.Onthebasisof thecurrentdataforevery10cancerssuccessfullydetectedandpreventedthere isariskofcausingonelaterinlife.That’swhyradiationexposureshouldbe minimisedinanyscreeningprogramme.Paragraph5______
{{*HTML*}}? ?阅读下面这篇短文短文后有2项测试任务1第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2～5段每段选择1个正确的小标题2第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确选项分别完成每个句子 {{B}}?????????? ??????????? ?????ScreenTest{{/B}}??1.Everyyear millionsofwomenarescreenedwithX-raystopickupsignsofbreastcancer.If thishappensearlyenoughthediseasecanoftenbetreatedsuccessfully. Accordingtoasurveypublishedlastyear21countrieshavescreening programmes.NineofthemincludingAustraliaCanadatheUSandSpainscreen womenunder50.??2.Butthemedicalbenefitsofscreeningthese youngerwomenarecontroversialpartlybecausetheradiationbringsasmall riskofinducingcancer.Alsoyoungerwomenmustbegivenhigherdosesof X-raysbecausetheirbreasttissueisdenser.??3.Researchersat thePolytechnicUniversityofValenciaanalysedtheeffectofscreeningmore than160000womenat11localclinics.Afterestimatingthewomen’scumulative doseofradiationtheyusedtwomodelstocalculatethenumberofextracancers thiswouldcause.??4.Themathematicalmodelrecommendedby Britain’sNationalRadiologicalProtectionBoardNRPBpredictedthatthe screeningprogrammewouldcause36cancersper100000women18ofthemfatal. ThemodelpreferredbytheUNScientificCommitteeontheEffectsofAtomic Radiationledtoalowerfigureof20cancers.??5.The researchersarguethatthelevelofradiation-inducedcancersisnotvery significantcomparedtothefarlargernumberofcancersthatarediscovered andtreated.TheValenciaprogrammetheysaydetectsbetween300and450cases ofbreastcancerinevery100000womenscreened.??6.Butthey pointoutthattheriskofwomencontractingcancerfromradiationcouldbe reducedbybetween40and80percentifscreeningbeganat50insteadof45 becausetheywouldbeexposedtolessradiation.Theresultsoftheirstudy theysuggestcouldhelpoptimisethetechniqueforbreastcancer screening.??7.Thereisatrade-offbetweenthediagnostic benefitsofbreastscreeninganditsrisksadmitsMichaelClarkoftheNRPB. Buthewarnsthatthestudyshouldbeinterpretedwithcaution.Onthebasisof thecurrentdataforevery10cancerssuccessfullydetectedandpreventedthere isariskofcausingonelaterinlife.That’swhyradiationexposureshouldbe minimisedinanyscreeningprogramme.Radiationexposureshouldbe______
{{*HTML*}}? ?阅读下面这篇短文短文后有2项测试任务1第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2～5段每段选择1个正确的小标题2第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确选项分别完成每个句子 {{B}}?????????? ??????????? ?????ScreenTest{{/B}}??1.Everyyear millionsofwomenarescreenedwithX-raystopickupsignsofbreastcancer.If thishappensearlyenoughthediseasecanoftenbetreatedsuccessfully. Accordingtoasurveypublishedlastyear21countrieshavescreening programmes.NineofthemincludingAustraliaCanadatheUSandSpainscreen womenunder50.??2.Butthemedicalbenefitsofscreeningthese youngerwomenarecontroversialpartlybecausetheradiationbringsasmall riskofinducingcancer.Alsoyoungerwomenmustbegivenhigherdosesof X-raysbecausetheirbreasttissueisdenser.??3.Researchersat thePolytechnicUniversityofValenciaanalysedtheeffectofscreeningmore than160000womenat11localclinics.Afterestimatingthewomen’scumulative doseofradiationtheyusedtwomodelstocalculatethenumberofextracancers thiswouldcause.??4.Themathematicalmodelrecommendedby Britain’sNationalRadiologicalProtectionBoardNRPBpredictedthatthe screeningprogrammewouldcause36cancersper100000women18ofthemfatal. ThemodelpreferredbytheUNScientificCommitteeontheEffectsofAtomic Radiationledtoalowerfigureof20cancers.??5.The researchersarguethatthelevelofradiation-inducedcancersisnotvery significantcomparedtothefarlargernumberofcancersthatarediscovered andtreated.TheValenciaprogrammetheysaydetectsbetween300and450cases ofbreastcancerinevery100000womenscreened.??6.Butthey pointoutthattheriskofwomencontractingcancerfromradiationcouldbe reducedbybetween40and80percentifscreeningbeganat50insteadof45 becausetheywouldbeexposedtolessradiation.Theresultsoftheirstudy theysuggestcouldhelpoptimisethetechniqueforbreastcancer screening.??7.Thereisatrade-offbetweenthediagnostic benefitsofbreastscreeninganditsrisksadmitsMichaelClarkoftheNRPB. Buthewarnsthatthestudyshouldbeinterpretedwithcaution.Onthebasisof thecurrentdataforevery10cancerssuccessfullydetectedandpreventedthere isariskofcausingonelaterinlife.That’swhyradiationexposureshouldbe minimisedinanyscreeningprogramme.Advantagesofscreeningwomenunder50are______
{{*HTML*}}下面有3篇短文每篇短文后有5道题每题后面有4个选项请仔细阅读短文并根据短文回答其后面的问题从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案{{B}}第一篇{{/B}} {{B}}??????? ??????????? ??AdaptationofLivingThings{{/B}}??Certainanimalsand plantsdevelopcharacteristicsthathelpthemcopewiththeirenvironments betterthanothersoftheirkind.Thisnaturalbiologicalprocessiscalled adaptation.Amongthesuperiorcharacteristicsdevelopedthroughadaptationare thosethatmayhelpingettingfoodorshelterinprovidingprotectionandin producingandprotectingtheyoung.Thatresultsintheevolutionofmoreand moreorganismsthatarebetterfittedtotheirenvironments.? ?Eachlivingthingisadaptedtoitswayoflifeinageneralwaybuteach isadaptedespeciallytoitsowndistinctclass.Aplantforexampledepends uponitsrootstofixitselffirmlyandtoabsorbwaterandinorganicchemicals. Itdependsuponitsgreenleavesforusingthesun’senergytomakefoodfrom inorganicchemicals.Thesearegeneraladaptationscommontomostplants.In additiontherearespecialadaptationsthatonlycertainkindsofplants have.??Manyanimalshaveadaptationsthathelpthemescapefrom theirenemies.Someinsectsarehiddenbytheirbodycolororshapeandmany looklikealeaforalittlebranch.Thecoatsofdeerarecoloredtomixwith thesurroundings.Manyanimalshavetheabilitytoremaincompletelystillwhen anenemyisnear.??Organismshaveagreatvarietyofwaysof adapting.Theymayadaptintheirstructurefunctionandgenetics;intheir developmentandproductionoftheyoung;andinotherrespects.Anorganismmay createitsownenvironmentasdowarm-bloodedmammalswhichhavetheability toadjustbodyheatexactlytomaintaintheiridealtemperaturedespitechanging weather.Usuallyadaptationsareanadvantagebutsometimesanorganismisso welladaptedtoaparticularenvironmentthatifconditionschangeitfindsit difficultorimpossibletoreadapttothenew conditions.Inthefirstparagraphthewordenvironmentscouldbestbereplacedby
{{*HTML*}}??阅读下面这篇短文短文后列出7个句子请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断 {{B}}??????? ??????????? ????????Foodand Cancer{{/B}}??Medicalexpertshavesuspectedformanyyearsthat thereisastronglinkbetweenwhatapersoneatsandcancer.Theysayanew studyprovidesthefirstevidencethatvitaminscouldreduceaperson’schance ofdevelopingcancer.AteamofChineseandAmericanscientistsdidthestudy. TheyarefromAmericanNationalCancerInstituteandtheCancerInstituteofthe ChineseAcademyofMedicalSciencesinBeijing.TheJournaloftheNational CancerInstitutepublishedtheresultsofthestudy.Aboutthirtythousand peoplebetweentheagesof40to69tookpartinthestudy.Theywerefromthe northerncentralChineseareaofLinxian.Mostofthemtookvitaminsand mineralseverydayforfiveyears.??Linxianwaschosenbecause thepeopletherehaveanextremelyhighrateofcancerofstomachandesophagus. Researchersbelievethatfungusandmoldsinlocalfoodsmaybepartly responsibleforthehighcancerrate.Researchersdividedthoseintoeight groups.Sevenofthegroupsreceiveddifferentmixturesofvitaminsandminerals daily.Theamountsofthevitaminsandmineralswere1to2timesgreaterthan whatAmericanhealthofficialssayisneeded.Theeighthgroupreceivedsugar pillsthathadnoeffect.Thosewhoseemedtogainthemostreceivedamixture ofaformofvitaminAcalledβ-carotenevitaminEandthemineralselenium. Thevitaminandmineralarebelievedtopreventdamagetocellscausedby cancer-causingsubstances.Researchersreporteda13percentdropincancer ratesinthosewhotookβ-carotenevitaminEandselenium.Theyalsofounda10 percentdropinthenumberofdeathscausedbystrokesfromburstingblood vessels.??Scientistswarnthatitistoosoontoknowifthe effectwouldbethesameamongpeopleinothercountries.Theynotethatthe peopleinLinxianeatfoodsthatlacknecessaryvitaminsandminerals.Chinese officialswillcontinuetorecordthehealthrecordsofthepeopleinLinxian formanyyears.Fornowofficialsreportedlyareconsideringusingthe.results ofthestudy.TheywanttofindawaytoimprovethehealthofpeopleinLinxian andothersmalltownsinChina.Theresultsofthenewstudyareunexpected.
{{*HTML*}}? ?阅读下面的短文文章中有5处空白文章后面有6组文字请根据文章的内容选择5组文字将其分别放回文章原有位置以恢复文章原貌 {{B}}?????????? ??????????? ?ReinventingtheTable{{/B}}??Anearthscientisthasrejigged theperiodictabletomakechemistrysimplertoteachtostudents.? ?{{U}}?46?{{/U}}ButBruceRailsbackfromtheUniversityof Georgia3saysheisthefirsttocreateatablethatbreakswithtraditionand showstheionsofeachelementratherthanjusttheelements themselves.??Igottiredofbreakingmyarmstryingtoexplain theperiodictabletoearthstudentshesayscriss-crossinghishandsinthe airandpointingtodifferentbitsofatraditionaltable.{{U}}?47 ?{{/U}}Buthehasaddedcontourlinestochargedensityhelpingtoexplain whichionsreactwithwhich.??Geochemistsjustwantanintuitive senseofwhat’sgoingonwiththeelementssaysAlbertGalyfromthe UniversityofCambridge4{{U}}?48?{{/U}}.??{{U}} ?49?{{/U}}Heexplainsthatsulphurforexampleshowsupinthree differentspots--oneforsulphidewhichisfoundinmineralsonefor sulphiteandoneforsulphatewhichisfoundinseasaltfor instance.??Hehasalsoincludedsymbolstoshowwhichionsare nutrientsandwhicharecommoninsoilorwater.{{U}}?50 ?{{/U}}.A.Therehavebeenmanyattemptstoredesigntheperiodictable sinceDmitriMendeleev2drewitupin1871.B.Railsbackhasstillordered theelementsaccordingtothenumberofprotonstheyhave.C.Iimaginethis wouldbegoodforundergraduates.D.Railsbackhaslistedsomeelementsmore thanonce.E?Andthesizeofelement’ssymbolreflectshowmuchofit isfoundintheEarth’scrust.F?Thetraditionalperiodictablewas welldrawn.
{{*HTML*}}??阅读下面的短文文中有15处空白每处空白给出了4个选项请根据短文的内容从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案 {{B}}??????? ??????????? HappyMarriageHappyHeart{{/B}}??Happilymarriedpeoplehave lowerbloodpressure{{U}}?51?{{/U}}unhappilymarriedpeopleor singlesaBrighamYoungUniversitystudysays.??Ontheother handevenhavingasupportivesocialnetworkdidnottranslateintoablood pressurebenefitforsinglesorunhappily{{U}}?52?{{/U}}.people accordingtothestudy.??Thereseemtobesomeuniquehealth benefitsfrommarriage.It’snotjustbeingmarried{{U}}?53?{{/U}} benefitshealth-what’sreallythemostprotectiveofhealthishavingahappy {{U}}?54?{{/U}}studyauthorJulianneHolt-Lunstadapsychologist whospecializesinrelationshipsandhealthsaidinaprepared statement.??Thestudyincluded204marriedand99{{U}}?55 ?{{/U}}adultswhoworeportableblood-pressuremonitorsfor24hours.The {{U}}?56?{{/U}}recordedbloodpressureatrandomintervalsand providedatotalofabout72readings.??Wewantedtocapture participants’bloodpressuredoingwhatevertheynormally{{U}}?57 ?{{/U}}ineverydaylife.Gettingoneortworeadingsinaclinicisnot really{{U}}?58?{{/U}}ofthefluctuationsthatoccurthroughoutthe day4Holt-Lunstadsaid.??Overallhappilymarriedpeoplescored fourpoints{{U}}?59?{{/U}}onthebloodpressurereadingsthansingle adults.Thestudyalsofoundthatblood{{U}}?60?{{/U}}amongmarried people--especiallythoseinhappymarriages-{{U}}?61?{{/U}}more duringsleepthaninsinglepeople.??Researchhasshownthat peoplewhosebloodpressureremainshighthroughoutthenightareat {{U}}?62?{{/U}}greaterriskofheartdiseasethanpeoplewhoseblood pressuredropsHolt-Lunstadsaid.??Thestudywaspublishedin theMarch20{{U}}?63?{{/U}}ofthejournalAnnalsofBehavioral Medicine.??Thestudyalsofoundthatunhappilymarried’adults havehigherbloodpressurethan{{U}}?64?{{/U}}happilymarriedand singleadults.??Holt-Lunstadnotedthatmarriedcouplescan encouragehealthyhabitsinone{{U}}?65?{{/U}}suchaseatinga healthydietandhavingregulardoctorvisits.Peopleinhappymarriagesalso haveasourceofemotionalsupportshesaid.
{{*HTML*}}{{B}}第三篇{{/B}} {{B}}??????? ??????????? ????EarlyorLaterDayCare{{/B}}??The BritishpsychoanalystJohnBowlbymaintainsthatseparationfromtheparents duringthesensitiveattachmentperiodfrombirthtothreemayscarachild’s personalityandpredisposetoemotionalproblemsinlaterlife.Somepeoplehave drawntheconclusionfromBowlby’sworkthatchildrenshouldnotbesubjectedto daycarebeforetheageofthreebecauseoftheparentalseparationitentails andmanypeopledobelievethis.Buttherearealsoargumentsagainstsucha strongconclusion.??Firstlyanthropologistspointoutthatthe insulatedloveaffairbetweenchildrenandparentsfoundinmodemsocietiesdoes notusuallyexistintraditionalsocieties.Forexampleinsometribal societiessuchastheNgonihefatherandmotherofachilddidnotrear theirinfantalone--farfromit.Secondlycommonsensetellsusthatdaycare wouldnotbesowidespreadtodayifparentscare-takersfoundchildrenhad problemswithit.Statisticalstudiesofthiskindhavenotyetbeencarried outandeveniftheyweretheresultswouldbecertaintobecomplicatedand controversial.Thirdlyinthelastdecadetherehavebeenanumberofcareful Americanstudiesofchildrenindaycareandtheyhaveuniformlyreportedthat daycarehadaneutralorslightlypositiveeffectonchildren’sdevelopment. Butteststhathavehadtobeusedtomeasurethisdevelopmentarenotwidely enoughacceptedtosettletheissue.??ButBowlby’sanalysis raisesthepossibilitythatearlydaycarehasdelayedeffects.Thepossibility thatsuchcaremightleadtosaymorementalillnessorcrime15or20years latercanonlybeexploredbytheuseofstatistics.Whateverthelong-term effectsparentssometimesfindtheimmediateeffectsdifficulttodealwith. Childrenunderthreearelikelytoprotestatleavingtheirparentsandshow unhappiness.Attheageofthreeorthreeandahalfalmostallchildrenfind thetransitiontonurseryeasyandthisisundoubtedlywhymoreandmore parentsmakeuseofchildcareatthistime.?Thematterthenisfarfrom clear-cutthoughexperienceandavailableevidenceindicatethatearlycareis reasonableforinfants.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTanargumentagainstBowlby’stheory?
{{*HTML*}}{{B}}第二篇{{/B}} {{B}}??????? ????????FDA:HumanAnimalWaste ThreatensProduce{{/B}}??Thebiggestfoodsafetyriskforfresh fruitsandvegetablesastheyaregrownpickedorprocessedcomesfromhuman andanimalwastetheUSFoodandDrugAdministrationFDAsaid Friday.??Morethan9000Americansdieeachyearfromfood-borne diseasesandsomescientistsbelievefreshproduceisthebiggestcarrierof contamination.??TheFDAissuedasetofdraftguidelinesforUS andforeigngrowerstocarefullymonitorworkerhygienewaterqualitymanure managementandtransportation.??This34-pagedraftguidelines urgedgrowerstogiveworkerslessonsonbasichygienesuchasUsingsoapto washtheirhandscoveringwoundsthatcouldcomeintocontactwithproduceand usingonlycleantoilets.??TheFDAguidelinesidentifiedthe majorsourceofcontaminationforfreshproduceashumanoranimal feces.??Wethinkjustpropercontrolsandproperattentionto detailwouldmakeabigdifferenceinfoodsafetysaidanFDAofficial.Itis ourbeliefthattheseguidelineswouldnotbeverycostly.??But growergroupsdisagreedwiththeFDA’sassessment.Mostfood-bornedisease outbreaksthathappenfurtherdownthedistributionlinearedueto contaminationbecausepeoplepreparingfoodarenotproperlywashingtheir handssaidStaceyZawalanofficialwithUnitedFreshFruitandVegetable Association.Thatisnotnecessarilytrueforgrowersandpackers.? ?SomeUSgrowerorganizationshaveexpressedconcernthattheagencyis interferingwithon-farmpractices.8OthersobjecttotheFDA’sproposalto havegrowersformallydocumentthepickinghandlingandtransportationof producesothathealthofficialscouldquicklyrecallfoodsif necessary.??ConsumergroupscriticizedtheFDAguidelinesasof littleusebecausetheywillnotcarrytheforceoflawtoButstricter regulationscouldevolveasresearchersfindnewtechnologyormethodstokill harmfulbacteriaorparasitestheFDAsaid.??TheFDA recommendationsareduetobemadefinalbytheFDAlaterthisyearforuseby USandforeigngrowers.Thematterofencouragingforeigngrowerstoadoptthe guidelinesremainssomewhattrickybutFDAofficialssayitisvitalbecauseof thehugeamountofimportedproduce.Food-bornediseasesinthisessaymeansthosediseases
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