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Multitasking What is the first thing you notice when you walk into a shop? The products displaye...
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高中英语《2014年高考真题 北京卷 Word解析版 试题及答案》真题及答案
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High-qualitycustomerserviceispreached宣扬bymanybutactuallykeepingcustomershappyiseasiersaidthandonE.Shoppersseldomcomplaintothemanagerorownerofretailstorebutinsteadwillalerttheirfriendsrelativesco-workersstrangersandanyonewhowilllisten.StoremanagersareoftenthelasttohearcomplaintsandoftenfindoutonlywhentheirregularcustomersdecidetofrequenttheircompetitorsaccordingtoastudyjointlyconductedbyVerdegroupandWhartonschool.Storytellinghurtsretailersandentertainsconsumers.SaidPaulaCourtneypresidentoftheVerdegroup.Thestorelosesthecustomerbuttheshoppermustalsofindareplacement.Onaverageeveryunhappycustomerwillcomplaintoatleastfourotherandwillnolongervisitthespecificstoreforeverydissatisfiedcustomerastorewillloseuptothreemoreduetonegativereviews.Theresultingsnowballeffectcanbedisastroustoretailers.Accordingtotheresearchshopperswhopurchasedclothingencounteredthemostproblems.Rankedsecondandthirdweregroceryandelectronicscustomers.Themostcommoncomplaintsincludefilledparkinglotscluttered塞满了的shelvesoverloadedracksout-of-stockitemslongcheck-outlinesandrudesalespeoplE.Duringpeakshoppinghourssomeretailerssolvedtheparkingproblemsbygettingmoonlightinglocalpolicetoworkasparkingattendants.Somehiredflagwaverstodirectcustomerstoemptypeakingspaces.ThisguidancegotridoftheneedforcustomerstocircletheparkinglotendlesslyandavoidedconfrontationbetweenthoseeyeingthesameparkingspacE.Retailerscanrelievetheheadachesbyredesigningstorelayoutspre-stockingsalesitemshiringspeedyandexperiencedcashiersandhavingsalesrepresentativesonhandtoanswerquestions.Mostimportantlysalespeopleshouldbediplomaticandpolitewithangrycustomers.Retailerswho’reresponsiveandfriendlyaremorelikelytosmoothoverissuesthanthosewhoaren’tsofriendly.SaidprofessorStephenHoch.Maybesomethingassimpleasagreeteratthestoreentrancewouldhelp.CustomerscanalsoimprovefutureshoppingexperiencesbyfilingcomplaintstotheretailerinsteadofcomplainingtotherestoftheworlD.Retailersarehard-pressedtoimprovewhentheyhavenoideawhatiswrong.8.Whyarestoremanagersoftenthelasttohearcomplaints?A.FewcustomersbelievetheservicewillbeimproveD.B.Customerswouldratherrelatetheirunhappyexperiencestopeoplearoundthem.C.Customershavenoeasyaccesstostoremanagers.D.Mostcustomerswon’tbothertocomplaineveniftheyhavehadunhappyexperiences.9.Shopownersoftenhiremoonlightingpoliceasparkingattendantssothatshoppers.A.canfindtheircarseasilyaftershoppingB.won’thavetroubleparkingtheircarsC.canstaylongerbrowsinginthestoreD.won’thaveanyworriesaboutsecurity10.Whatcontributesmosttosmoothingoverissueswithcustomers?A.Designofthestorelayout.B.Hiringofefficientemployees.C.MannersofthesalespeoplE.D.HugesupplyofgoodsforsalE.11.Toachievebettershoppingexperiencescustomersareadvisedto.A.voicetheirdissatisfactiontostoremanagersdirectlyB.shoparoundandmakecomparisonsbetweenstoresC.settletheirdisputeswithstoresinadiplomaticwayD.putpressureonstorestoimprovetheirservice
InChinaifyouarenotmarriedbythetimeyouare30youareinfortrouble:socialblameandpressurefromfamilyandfriendscangetyoudown.Andifyouareawomanit’sevenworsE.Manyyoungpeoplegetmarriedsimplytogetotherpeopleofftheirbacks免受别人的指责.ThisisaseriouscompromisE.Oneendsupnotmarryingtheidealpartner.Therearehoweverafewyoungpeoplewhorefusetocompromise:iftheycan’tfindagoodmarriagepartnertheysaytheywouldrathernotmarryatall.34-year-oldKateisauniversitylecturerinEnglish.Shesaidshewouldnotdescribeherselfascelibatarian独身主义者butsimplyawomanwhohasn’tcomeacrosstherightmanyet.ShehassharpcommentsforthewayinwhichtheoldgenerationlooksatmarriagE.Manypeoplethinkmarriageisaduty---toyourparentsfamilyandsociety.NobodycaresifyourmarriageishappyornotshesaidIthinkthisisverywrongandIintendtoliveandactaccordingtomyownwill.Happilyforherherparentsareopen-mindedandnotlaystressonher.Butthesamedoesnotapplytoherfriends.Theyareconstantlytryingtogethertogetherwithsomeyoungmanoranother.Shealwaysrefusespolitely.61.Themainideaofthispassageisthat_________.A.marriageisadutytosocietyB.peopleshouldgetmarriedbefore30yearsoldC.latemarriageshouldberespectedD.womenshouldgetmarriedearlierthanmen62.MissKaterefusestogettogetherwithsomeyoungmanoranotherbecause__________.A.shedoesn’tthinkheistherightmanshewantsB.heiseithertoooldortooyoungC.heiseitherimportantorlittlelearnedD.hedoesn’thavegoodmanners63.Inthefirstparagraphtheunderlinedwordsinforreferto_________.A.interestedinB.satisfiedwithC.worriedaboutD.likelytosuffer64.WhichisNOTTRUEaccordingtothispassage?A.InChinaonemayfacesocialblameandfamilypressureifonehasn’tgotmarriedby30.B.MissKate’sparentsarealwaysworriedabouthermarriagE.C.MissKatewon’tcompromiseifshecan’thaveheridealmarriagE.D.MissKatewantstomarryaworthyyoungman.65.Ifmarriageisregardedasadutytosociety__________.A.everybodywillbehappyandsatisfiedB.nobodywillpayattentiontowhetheryouarehappyornotinyourfamilylifeC.youcaneasilyfindanidealpartnerD.youngpeoplewillhavenothingtoworryaboutinmarriage
Anincreaseinstudentsapplyingtostudyeconomicsatuniversityisbeingattributedto归因于theglobaleconomiccrisisawakeningapublicthirstforknowledgeabouthowthefinancialsystemworks.Applicationsfordegreecoursesbeginningthisautumnwereupby15%thisJanuaryaccordingtoUCAStheUniversitiesandCollegesAdmissionsServicE.AspokesmanfortheRoyalEconomicSocietysaidapplicationstodoeconomicsatAlevelwerealsoup.ProfessorJohnBeaththepresidentofthesocietyandaleadinglectureratStAndrewsUniversitysaidhisfirstyearlectures—whichareopentostudentsfromalldepartments—weredrawingcrowdsof400ratherthantheusual250.Therearealargenumberofstudentswhoarenoteconomicsmajorswhowouldliketolearnsomethingaboutit.OneofthethingsIhavedonethisyearistorelatemyteachingtocontemporaryeventsinawaythatonehasn'ttraditionallydoneheaddeD.Universityapplicationsrose7%lastyearbuttherewererisesaboveaverageinseveralsubjects.Nursingsawa15%jumpwithpeople'srenewedinterestincareersinthepubicsector部门whichareseenasmoresecureineconomiccrisis.Arecentstudyshowedalmosttwothirdsofparentsbelievedschoolsshoulddomoretoteachpupilsaboutfinancialmattersandalmosthalfsaidtheirchildrenhadaskedthemwhatwasgoingonalthoughaminorityofparentsfelttheydidnotunderstanditthemselveswellenoughtoexplain.ZackHockingtheheadofChildTrustFundssaidIt'spossiblethatonegoodthingtoarisefromthedownturnwillbeagenerationthat'sfinanciallywiserandbetterequippedtomanagetheirmoneythroughtimesofeconomicuncertainty.41.ProfessorJohnBeath'slecturesare________.A.giveninatraditionalwayB.connectedwiththepresentsituationC.opentobothstudentsandtheirparentsD.warmlyreceivedbyeconomists42.Careersinthepublicsectoraremoreattractivebecauseoftheir________.A.greaterstabilityB.higherpayC.fewerapplicationsD.betterreputation43.Intheopinionofmostparents________.A.economicsshouldbethefocusofschoolteachingB.morestudentsshouldbeadmittedtouniversitiesC.theteachingoffinancialmattersshouldbestrengthenedD.childrenshouldsolvefinancialproblemsthemselves44.AccordingtoHockingtheglobaleconomiccrisismightmaketheyoungsters________.A.wiserinmoneymanagementB.haveaccesstobetterequipmentC.confidentabouttheirfuturecareersD.getjobsinChildTrustFunds45.What'sthemainideaofthetext?A.Universitieshavereceivedmoreapplications.B.Economicsisattractinganincreasingnumberofstudents.C.Collegestudentsbenefitalotfromeconomicuncertainty.D.Parentsareconcernedwithchildren'ssubjectselection.
OneofourbiggestfearsnowadaysisthatourkidsmightsomedaygetlostinaseaoftechnologyratherthanexperiencingthenaturalworlD.Fear-producingTVandcomputergamesareleadingtoaseriousdisconnectbetweenkidsandthegreatoutdoorswhichwillchangethewildplacesoftheworlditscreaturesandhumanhealthfortheworseunlessadultsgetworkingonchild’splay.Eachofushasaplaceinnaturewegosometimesevenifitwastorndown.WecannotbethelastgenerationtohavethatplacE.Atthisratekidswhomissthesenseofwonderoutdoorswillnotgrowuptobeprotectorsofnaturallandscapes.IfthedeclineinparksusecontinuesacrossNorthAmericawhowilldefendparksagainstencroachment蚕食?asksRichardLouvauthorofLastChildintheWoods.Withouthavinganatureexperiencekidscanturnoutjustfinebuttheyaremissingoutahugeenrichmentoftheirlives.Thatappliestoeverythingfromtheirphysicalhealthandmentalhealthtostresslevelscreativityandcognitive认知的skills.Expertspredictmodernkidswillhavepoorerhealththantheirparents—andtheysayalackofoutsideplayissurelypartofit;researchsuggeststhatkidsdobetteracademicallyinschoolswithanaturecomponentandthatplayinnaturefosters培养leadershipbythesmartestnotbythetoughest.EvenatinyoutdoorexperiencecancreatewonderinachilD.Thethree-year-oldturningoverhisfirstrockrealizesheisnotaloneintheworlD.A.clumpoftreesontheroadsidecanbethewholeuniverseinhiseyes.WereallyneedtovaluethatmorE.KidsarenotresponsiblE.Theyareover-protectedandfrighteneD.Itisdangerousouttherefromtimetotimebutrepetitivestressfromcomputersisreplacingbreakinganarmasachildhoodrite仪式ofpassagE.EveryonefromdeveloperstoschoolsandoutdoorscitizensshouldhelpregainforourkidssomeofthefreedomandjoyofexploringtakingfriendshipinfieldsandwoodsthatcementloverespectandneedforlandscapE.AsparentsweshoulddevotesomeofourenergiestotakingourkidsintonaturE.ThiscouldyetbeourgreatestcausE.41.ThemainideaofParagraph2isthat________.A.kidsmissthesenseofwonderoutdoorsB.parksareindangerofbeinggraduallyencroachedC.RichardLouvistheauthorofLastChildintheWoodsD.childrenareexpectedtodevelopintoprotectorsofnature42.Accordingtothepassagechildrenwithoutexperiencingnaturewill________.A.keepahighsenseofwonderB.beover-protectedbytheirparentsC.belesshealthybothphysicallyandmentallyD.changewildplacesandcreaturesforthebetter43.Accordingtotheauthorchildren’sbreakinganarmis________.A.thefaultonthepartoftheirparentsB.thenaturalexperienceintheirgrowingupC.theresultoftheirowncarelessnessinplayD.theeffectoftheirrepetitivestressfromcomputers44.Whatdoestheunderlinedwordcementinthelastparagraphmean?A.strengthenB.enrichC.spreadD.present45.Inwritingthispassagetheauthormainlyintendsto________.A.blamechildrenforgettinglostincomputergamesB.encouragechildrentoprotectparksfromencroachmentC.showhisconcernaboutchildren’slackofexperienceinnatureD.inspirechildrentokeepthesenseofwonderaboutthingsaround
Thedaywhenthejobswerehandedoutwasoneofthemostexcitingmomentsforallthechildrenintheclass.Ittookplaceduringthefirstweekoftheterm.Everykidwasgivenajobforwhichtheywouldberesponsiblefortherestofthatschoolyear.Somejobsweremoreinterestingthanothersandthechildrenwereeagertobegivenoneofthebestones.Whengivingthemouttheteachertookintoaccountwhichpupilshadbeenmostresponsibleduringthepreviousyear.DuringthepreviousyearRitahadcarriedouttheteacher’sinstructionsperfectly.AllthechildrenknewRitawouldbegiventhebestjoB.ButtherewasabigsurprisE.EachchildreceivedanormaljoB.ButRita’sjobwasverydifferent.Shewasgivenalittleboxcontainingsomesandandoneant.ThoughtheteacherinsistedthatthisantwasveryspecialRitafeltdisappointeD.Mostofherclassmatesfeltsorryforher.EvenherfatherbecameveryangrywiththeteacherandheencouragedRitatopaynoattentiontothisinsignificantpet.HoweverRitapreferredtoshowtheteacherhererrorbydoingsomethingspecialwiththatjoboflittleinterest.Ritastartedinvestigatingallaboutherlittleantandgavetheantthebestfoodanditgrewquiteabitbigger.OnedayamanwholookedveryimportantcameintotheirclassroomanddeclaredYourclasshasbeenchosentoaccompanymethissummeronajourneytothetropicalrainforestwherewewillinvestigateallkindsofinsects.Amongalltheschoolsofthisregionyourclasshasbestcaredforthelittleant.Thatdaytheschoolwasfilledwithjoyandcelebration.EveryonethankedRitaforhavingbeensopatientandresponsiblE.Andmanychildrenlearntthattobegiventhemostimportanttaskyouhavetoknowhowtoberesponsibleeveninwhatarethesmallesttasks.26.Whatdidtheteacherbasehisdecisiononwhengivingoutjobstothechildren?A.Theircharactersandinterests.B.Theirclassperformanceduringthepreviousyear.C.Theirworkingperformanceduringthepreviousyear.D.Theirabilityofmanagingtheiraccountsduringthepreviousyear.27.Whatdoestheunderlinedsentencemean?A.EachchildgotanimportantjoB.B.EachchildgotaninterestingjoB.zyy100C.Theperfectstudentgotthejobofeveryone’spreference.D.Themostresponsiblestudentgotthejobofleastinterest.28.WhatisRita’sattitudetoherfather’ssuggestion?A.NegativE.B.Uncertain.C.TotallypositivE.D.AcceptivE.29.Wecaninferthatthemanwhomadethedeclarationisa_________.A.hunterB.directorC.biologistD.principal30.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.NevercomplainaboutlifE.B.Smalltaskscanleadtofortunes.C.Menarebestknownbytheirfriends.D.Responsibilityandintelligencebringgoodluck.
Todaywearetoldchildrendon’tspendenoughtimeinthefreshair.ManyofthemareaddictedtoascreeneitheronacomputeroraTV----theyseemtobelivinginavirtual虚拟的worlD.TheyhavelosttouchwithnaturE.Butnow400organizationsintheUKfromplaygroupstotheNationalHealthServiceareencouragingchildrentohavesomewildtime.Theywantkidstoswapatleast30minutesofwatchingTVorplayingcomputergamesfortimeplayingoutsidE.Activitiessuchasbuildingdensclimbingtreesrummagingforconkersandplayinghideandseekarejustsomeofthethingskidscando.Eveniftheyliveinacitytheycangoonadventuresinthegardenorthepark.ChildrenoftenneedahelpinghandfrommumanddaD.Theyneedtobeshownwhattodoandwheretogo.AndySimpsonfromNationalHealthServicesaysWewantparentstoseewhatthismagicalwonderproductdoesfortheirkids’developmentindependenceandcreativitybygivingwildtimeago.Sodespitethecomplicatedworldthatyoungpeoplegrowupinnowitseemsthatgoingbacktobasicsandexperiencingnature’splaygroundiswhatmodernchildrenneeD.DavidBondfromProjectWildThingsaysWeneedtomakemorespaceforwildtimeinchildren’sdailyroutinefreeingthisgenerationofkidstohavethesortofexperiencesthatmanyofustookforgranted.Thismightsoundabitoldfashionedtoyouormaybelikemeit’smadeyouthinkaboutstickingonyourbootsgettingoutdoorsandrelivingyourchildhooD.There’snoagelimitonenjoyingyourself!56.Whatisthebesttitleofthetext?A.WildtimeforchildrenB.BenefitsofwildtimeC.MorespaceforchildrenD.Adventuresofchildren57.Childrenareencouragedtodothefollowingactivitiesexcept.A.buildingB.climbingtreesC.playinghideandseekD.watchingTV58.AccordingtoAndySimpsonweknowthat.A.wildtimeishardtodesignB.wildtimeisbeneficialforchildrenC.parentsknowtheimportanceofwildtimeD.parentslikekeepingtheirchildrenindoors59.What’sthemainideaofParagraph4?A.ModernchildrenneedwildtimE.B.Adultsvalueoutdooractivities.C.ThepresentworldiscomplicateD.D.Thisgenerationofkidshavenofreedom.60.Thelastparagraphsuggeststhat.A.peoplelikerecallingthepastB.itisoutofdatetogooutdoorsC.peopleatanyagecanenjoywildtimeD.itistoolateforadultstoenjoynature
Ifyouwerewalkingaroundasupermarketandsawawomanwithashavedheadaringthroughhernoseatattoo纹身designonherarmandshehasasmallchildinhershoppingtrolleywhatwouldyouropinionbe?Doyouthinkthiskindofbodydecorationisattractiveorugly?Differentpeoplehavedifferentideas.ThefollowingaresomeexamplesofbodydecorationfromaroundtheworlD.InmanypartsofAfricaitisthoughtthatanattractivegirlshouldhavereallyshinnyskin.OnBalialittleislandinIndonesiatheybelievethatabeautifulwomanorhandsomemanmusthaveperfectlystraightflatteeth.TheBalinesebelievethatteethwithpointededgesmakeyoulooklikeanuglywildanimal.Sowhenagirlorboybecomesateenagerheorsheistakentoaspecialpersonintheirvillagewhowillfileoffteethpointstomakethemsmoothandflat.Thereisnoanesthetic麻药andthistoothfilingisreallypainful.Itisakindoftest.Ifyoucanstanditwithoutscreamingorcryingtoomuchthenyouarethoughtreadytobecomeanadult.InMyanmarthereisasmallgroupofpeoplewhoarecalledthePapaung.Theybelievethatawomancanonlybereallybeautifulifshehasalongneck.ImeanaVERYlongneck.Nowyoumightthinkthatyouareeitherbornwithalongorshortneckandthatthere’snothingwhateveryoucandoaboutit.Butyouwouldbewrong!Ataroundtheageof5aPapaunggirlhasheavymetalringsfittedaroundhernecktightlybetweenthechinandshoulders.Eachyearmoreringsareaddedandveryveryslowlytheirweightpushestheshouldersdowninthiswaymakingthenecklooklonger.A.Papaungwomanwillwearherneckringsallherlifeneveroncetakingthemoff.SonowI’msureyouwillallagreethatdifferentpeoplehavedifferentideasaboutwhatisbeautiful.60.Whatismainlytalkedaboutinparagraphone?A.Women’sdesign.B.Beautifulbodydecoration.C.Bodydecoration.D.Attractivedecoration.61.Whatdoestheunderlinedwordtrolleymean?A.schoolbagB.luggageC.basketD.shoppingcart62.OnBaliitisbelievedthat_________.A.apersonwithstraightflatteethlooksuglyB.apersonwithsharpteethlooksuglyC.ateenager’steethpointsmustbefiledoffwithanestheticD.noonewillscreamorcrywhenhavinghisteethpointsfiledoff63.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?A.Manypeoplethinkthatawomanwitharingthroughnoseisneitherattractivenorugly.B.MostAfricanpeoplethinkthatagirlwithshinnyskinisbeautiful.C.ItisthoughtthatabeautifulwomanshouldhavestraightflatteethonBali.D.SomepeoplethinkitbeautifulthatawomanhasalongneckinMyanmar.
Peoplearen’twalkinganymore---iftheycanfigureoutawaytoavoidit.IfeltsuperioraboutthismatteruntiltheotherdayItookmycartomailasmallparcel.Thejourneyisamatterof281steps.ButIusedthecar.AndIwasn’tinahurryeitherIhadmerelybecomeonemorevictimofanationalsickness:motorosis.ItisanillnesstowhichIhadthoughtmyselfimmuneforIwasbredinthetraditionofgoingtoplacesonmyowntwolegs.Atthattimeweregarded25milesasgoodday’swalkandtheabilitytocoversuchadistanceintenhoursassignofstrengthandskill.Itdidnotoccurtousthatwalkingwasahardship.Andtheeffectwaslasting.WhenIwas45yearsoldIraced–andbeat—ateenagefootballplayerthe168stepsuptheStatureofLiberty.Suchenterprisestodayareregardedbymanymiddle-agedpersonsasbadfortheheart.Butawell-knownBritishphysicianSirAdolpheAbrhamspointedoutrecentlythatheartsandbodiesneedproperismorelikelytohaveillnessesthanonewhoexercisesregularly.Andwalkingisanidealformofexercise---themostfamiliarandnaturalofall.ItwasHenryThoreauwhoshowedmankindtherichnessofgoingonfoot.ThemanwalkingcanlearnthetreesflowerinsectsbirdsandanimalsthesignificanceofseasonstheveryfeelofhimselfasalivingcreatureinalivingworldHecannotlearninacar.ThecarisaconvenientmeansoftransportbutwehavemadeitourwayoflifE.Manypeopledon’tdaretoapproachNatureanymore;tothemtheworldtheywereborntoenjoyisallthreat.TothemsecurityisasteelriverthunderingonaconcreteroaD.Andmuchoftheirthinkingtakesplacewhilewaitingforthetrafficlighttoturngreen.Isaythatthegreenofforestsisthemind’sbestlight.Andnonebutthemanonfootcanevaluatewhatisbasicandeverlasting.33.Whatisthenationalsickness?A.DrivingcarstoomuchB.WalkingtoomuchC.TravelingtoomuchD.Climbingstairstoomuch.34.Whatwaslifelikewhentheauthorwasyoung?A.peopleoftenwalked25milesadayB.PeopleusedtoclimbtheStatueofLiberty.C.peopleconsideredaten-hourwalkasahardship.D.Peopleusuallywentaroundonfoot.35.Whatistheauthor’sintentionofwritingthispassage?A.TotellpeopletoreflectmorelifE.B.ToencouragepeopletoreturntowalkingC.TorecommendpeopletogiveupdrivingD.Toadvisepeopletodooutdooractivities
Butpeopledidn’tlikethechangeevenifitmadelifeeasier.Sothenewsimplerspellingwasnotpopular.MoreimportantlywhentheAmericanpoliticians政客discussedtheplantheydidnotlikeiteither.BecauseRooseveltdidnotwanttohaveanyproblemswiththepoliticianshechangedhismindandtoldtheprintertogobacktotheoldwayofspelling.SincethennooneinanygovernmenthasdaredtosimplifyEnglishspelling.Howeverpeopledosimplifysomewordsmainlyinadvertisements.Forexampleweoftenseetoniteinsteadoftonightandthruinsteadofthrough.25.ManypeoplehavetriedtosimplifyEnglishspellingbecause________.A.EnglishwordsaretoolongtorememberB.therearemanymistakesinEnglishwordsC.lotsofwordsarespeltinmanydifferentwaysD.sometimesthesamesoundshavedifferentspellings.26.WhoisNOTamemberoftheSimplifiedSpellingBoard?A.AndrewCarnegiE.B.MelvilDewey.C.TheodoreRoosevelt.D.BranderMatthews.27.WhatwasTheodoreRoosevelt’sattitudetowardssimplifiedspelling?A.WorrieD.B.SupportivE.C.Uncertain.D.Doubtful.28.Accordingtothepassagesimplifiedspelling________.A.waswelcomedbytheUSpoliticiansB.changedthewaythewordssoundC.hasbeenusedwidelyforoveracenturyD.wasfirstusedinUSgovernmentletters.
It'sdifficultnottobecomeinvolvedingossipatwork.Afterallpeoplelikegossipandinterestingbitsofinformation:youonlyhavetolookatthenumberofcelebrity-focusedpublicationstorealizethatwehaveahugeappetitefordiscussingotherpeople'slives.Atworkhoweverthistypeofinteractionisharmfulandcostly.Itwastestimedamagesreputationspromotesdivisiveness分歧createsanxiety.Rumorsoftengrowbecausepeopleliketobeintheknow.Knowledgeispowerandthat'swhythepeoplewiththeleastamountofpowerinanorganizationcanoftenbetheonestostartandspreadrumors.Itcanmakethemfeelimportantifthey'reseentoknowthingsthatothersdon't.ThisknowledgeisatthecenterofwhyandhowrumorsstartandspreaD.Insufficient不足knowledgeorincompleteinformationareoftentoblamE.Considertheseexamples:◆Peopledon'tknowwhyacolleaguewasfiredsotheymakeupareasonbasedonsomelimitedknowledgeorinsignificantfact.IsawJohnoverride推翻thecashregistertheotherdaywithoutasupervisorpresent.Maybehestolesomemoneyandthat'swhyhewent.◆Peopleseeapatternofbehaviorbetweentwoindividualsandtheyaddtheirownexplanation.JosephandSamanthaspendalotoftimetogetherafterhours‘catchinguponpaperwork.'Andjustyesterdaytheyweresittingawfullyclosetoeachotherinthemeeting.Ibetpaperworkisn'tallthat'sgettingdoneafterwork!Theserumorsaretypicalofthethingsyou'llfaceatworkandtheyspreadbecauseofalackofaccurateinformation.Sothebestwaytofightrumorsiswithgoodcommunication.Whenyoucommunicatewellyourteamknowswhat'shappeningandtheytrustthatyou'llkeeptheminformeD.Goodcommunicationwithinyourteamalsomeansthatyouwillbecomeawareofanyrumorsthatarestartingandyou'llbeabletoaddressthemquicklyandeffectively.66.Thehugenumberofcelebrity-focusedpublicationsrevealsthat_______.A.celebritiesdependonpublicationstoachievefameB.peoplelikediscussingotherpeople’slivesC.thepublishingindustryisboomingD.celebritiesareratherdisturbedbyrumors.67.Whoismostlikelytospreadrumorsatwork?A.Theoneswhohavealargecircleoffriends.B.Theoneswhohavequickaccesstoinformation.C.TheoneswhohavegoodknowledgE.D.Theoneswiththeleastamountofpower.68.Thepassageisdevelopedmainly___________.A.byusingtimeorder.B.bymakingcomparisonsC.bygivingfiguresD.bygivingexamples69.WhatistherelationshipbetweenJosephandSamanthaintheeyesofthepeoplespreadingrumors?A.Theyarelovers.B.Theyareworkpartners.C.Theyarerivals.D.Theyareoldfriends.70.Whatismainlydiscussedinthelastparagraph?A.Howtofightrumors.B.Whyrumorsstart.C.Howtocommunicatewithcolleagues.D.Whyknowledgematters.
StagefrightorperformanceanxietyistheanxietyorfearwhichmayoccurinanindividualbytherequirementtoperforminfrontofanaudiencE.Itismostcommonlyseeninschoolsituationslikestand-upprojectsandclassspeeches.Ithasnumerousforms:heartbeatingfasttremblinghandsandlegssweatyhandsdrymouthetC.InfactmostofthefearoccursbeforeyousteponstagE.Onceyou’reupthereitusuallygoesaway.Thusitisaphenomenonthatyoumustlearntocontrol.Trytothinkofstagefrightinapositiveway.Itheightensyourenergyaddscolortoyourcheeks.WiththesegoodsideeffectsyouwillactuallylookhealthierandmorephysicallyattractivE.Manyofthetopperformersintheworldgetstagefrightsoyouareingoodcompany.Stagefrightmaycomeandgoordecreasebutitusuallydoesnotdisappearpermanently.Youmustconcentrateongettingthefeelingoutandpresentwhatyouhavepreparedcalmly.RememberNobodyeverdiedfromstagefright.Butaccordingtosurveysmanypeoplewouldratherdiethangiveaspeech.Ifthatappliestoyouandyouareanunluckyguywhoiswithstagefrightthewholetimetryoutsomeofthestrategies策略asfollowstohelpgetyourselfundercontrol.RealizethatyoumayneverovercomestagefrightbutyoucanlearntocontrolitanduseittoyouradvantagE.Strategiesareasfollowswhentheprogrambegins:1IflegsaretremblingleanontableorshiftlegsormovE.2Don’tholdnotes.TheaudiencecanseethemshakE.Usethree-by-fivecardsinsteaD.3Useeyecontact.LookatthefriendliestfacesintheaudiencE.Remembernervousnessdoesn’tshowone-tenthasmuchasitfeels.Beforeeachpresentationmakeashortlistoftheitemsyouthinkwillmakeyoufeelbetter.Don’tbeafraidtoexperimentwithdifferentcombinations.Youneverknowwhichoneswillworkbestuntilyoutry.Usethesestepstocontrolstagefrightsoitdoesn’tcontrolyou.Onceyouareusedtostagefrightyouwillfindyouontheroadtoagreatspeech-maker.41.Someonemaybemostlikelytosufferfromstagefrightwhenhe/sheis______.A.attendinganEnglishclassB.standinginaclassroomC.watchingaperformanceD.talkinginfrontofpeople42.Bythinkingofstagefrightinapositivewayonecould______.A.learntocontrolstagefrightB.getridofstagefrightC.calmdownbeforesteppingonstageD.becomemorephysicallyattractive43.Whichofthefollowingistrue?A.Topperformersusuallysufferfromstagefright.B.StagefrightmaystaywithapersonforalifetimE.C.Nobodywouldratherdiethangiveaspeech.D.Noonecanovercomeorcontrolstagefright.44.Theauthoradvisespeoplewithstagefrightto______.A.showone-tenthoftheirnervousnessB.experimentwithdifferentkindsofstagefrightC.refertothestrategieswhenevertheyfeeltheneedD.useoneofthestrategieseachtime45.Thepassagemainlytalksabout______.A.howtodealwithstagefrightB.whatstagefrightislikeC.whenstagefrightoccursD.whypeoplehavestagefright
TodaybicyclesareelegantlysimplemachinesthatarecommonaroundtheworlD.Manypeopleridebicyclesforrecreationwhereasothersusethemasameansoftransportation.ThefirstbicyclewasinventedinGermanyin1818.Becauseitwasmadeofwooditwasn’tverystrongnordidithavepedals脚踏板.RidersmoveditbypushingtheirfeetagainstthegrounD.In1839KirkpatrickMacmillanaScottishblacksmithinventedamuchbetterbicyclE.Macmillan’smachinehadiron-coveredwheelstokeepthemfromgettingworndown.Healsousedfoot-operatedleverssimilartopedalssohisbicyclecouldberiddenataquickpacE.Itdidn’tlookmuchlikethemodembicyclethoughbecauseitsbackwheelwassubstantiallylargerthanitsfrontwheel.AlthoughMacmillan’sbicyclescouldberiddeneasilytheywereneverproducedinlargenumbers.In1861FrenchmanPierreMichauxandhisbrotherErnestinventedabicyclewithanimprovedpedalmechanism.TheycalledtheirbicycleavelocipedebutmostpeoplecalleditaboneshakerbecauseoftheeffectofthewoodandironframE.Despitetheimpolitenicknamethevelocipedewasahit.AfterafewyearstheMichauxfamilywasmakinghundredsofthemachinesannuallymostlyforfun-seekingyoungpeoplE.TenyearslaterJamesStarleyanEnglishinventormadeseveralinnovationsthatrevolutionizedbicycledesign.Hemadethefrontwheelmanytimeslargerthanthebackwheelputagearonthepedalstomakethebicyclemoreefficientandlightenedthewheelsbyusingwirespokes.Althoughthisbicyclewasmuchlighterandlesstiringtorideitwasstillclumsyextremelytop-heavyandriddenmostlyforentertainment.Itwasn’tuntil1874thatthefirsttrulymodernbicycleappearedonthescenE.InventedbyanotherEnglishmanH.J.Lawsonthesafetybicyclewouldlookfamiliartotoday’scyclists.Thesafetybicyclehadequal-sizedwheelswhichmadeiteasiertoridE.Lawsonalsoattachedachaintothepedalstodrivethebackwheel.By1893thesafetybicyclehadbeenfurtherimprovedwithair-filledrubbertiresadiamond-shapedframeandeasybraking.WiththeimprovementsprovidedbyLawson;bicyclesbecameextremelypopularandusefulfortransportation.TodaytheyarebuiltusedandenjoyedallovertheworlD.1.Thispassagewasmostlikelywritteninorderto_____.A.comparebicyclesusedfordifferentpurposesB.describetheproblemsearlybicyclemakersexperiencedC.persuadereaderstousebicyclesfortransportationD.tellreadersabouttheearlyhistoryofthebicycle2.Macmillancoveredthewheelsofhisbicyclewithironto_____A.addweighttothebicycleB._makethebicycleeasiertorideC.allowthewheelstolastlongerD.letthebicyclebemorecomfortable3.WhichofthefollowingbicycletypeswasinventedbyJamesStarley?4Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaccordingtothepassage?A.Twohundredyearsagobicyclesdidnotexist.B.ThefirstbicyclecouldberiddenataveryquickpacE.C.TheMichauxbrotherscalledtheirbicycleaboneshaker.D.Macmillan’smachinehadwheelswithrubbertires.5.Theinformationaboutbicyclesinthispassageisarrangedaccordingto_____.A.importanceB.timeC.placeD.interest
Whileitisimpossibletolivecompletelyfreeofstressitispossibletopreventstressaswellasreduceitseffectwhenitcan’tbeavoideD.36Tryphysicalactivity.37Runningwalkingplayingtennisandworkinginyourgardenarejustsomeoftheactivitiesyoumighttry.Maketimeforyourself.Scheduletimeforbothworkandentertainment.Don’tforgetplaycanbejustasimportanttoyouroverallwell-beingaswork.38Gowindow-shoppingorworkonahobby.Allowyourselfatleastahalfhoureachdaytodosomethingyouenjoy.Takecareofyourself.39Ifyoueasilygetangryandcan’tsleepwellenoughorifyouarenoteatingproperlyitwillbemorelikelythatyouwillfallintostressfulsituations.Ifstressrepeatedlykeepsyoufromsleepingyoushouldconsultadoctor.40Stresscanresultfromdisorganizationandafeelingthatthere’ssomuchtodoandnotenoughtime.Tryingtotakecareofeverythingatoncecanbetoomuchforyouandasaresultyoumaynotachieveanything.InsteadmakealistofeverythingyouhavetodothendoonethingatatimecheckingoffeachtaskasitiscompleteD.Setouttodothemostimportanttaskfirst.A.Youshouldmakeeveryefforttoeatwellandgetenoughrest.B.Dowhateveryoulikeandwanttodo.C.Thefollowingaresuggestionsforwaystodealwithstress.D.Youneedabreakfromyourdailyroutinetojustrelaxandhavefun.E.Whenyouarenervousangryorupsettryreleasingthepressurethroughexerciseorphysicalactivity.F.Youcouldsmiletoyourselfinfrontofamirroreveryday.G.Makealistofthingstodo.
MorethanahundredadultsandkidsgatherfortheStarPartyonacoldeveningchatteringexcitedlyastheystandinthedarkonaVirginiahillsidE.Theoddthingisnoonehasturnedonaflashlightandnostreetlightsorhouselightswink闪烁onaroundthem.ThesepeoplehavetraveledtothecountrysidemorethananhourfromWashingtonD.C.togetawayfromtheglowofcitylights.That'sbecausetheyareattendingastarparty.Starpartiesaregatheringswhereprofessionalandamateurastronomerssetuptheirtelescopesandinvitepeopletocomeandlearnaboutthenightsky.Gettingawayfromlightpollutionorartificialskylightfrombuildingsforexamplehelpsstargazers看星星的人seeobjectsintheskymuchbetter.AtthisstarpartySeanO'BrienoftheNationalAirandSpaceMuseum’sEinsteinPlanetariumstartsoffbyaskingthecrowdtosimplylookupandtakeinalltheycanseE.Hepointsoutplentyofthingsthatcanbeseenwithoutspecialequipment.StarssatellitesandeventheAndromedagalaxy仙女座canbefoundifyouknowwheretolook.Afterthatseveraldozenastronomersofferclose-upviews.Eachhasfocusedtheirtelescopeonadifferentpartofthesky.Askidstakealooktheownergivesamini-lesson.O’Briensaysyoucanhaveyourownstarpartyathomeandlearnalotjustbypayingattentiontowhat'shappeningupabovE.Watchtheskyastheseasonspassandyouwillseethatitchangeshesays.Orstartwiththemoon.Noticewhenandwhereyouareseeingit—maybeevenintheearlymorningwhileyouwaitfortheschoolbus.72.WhatwasitspecialabouttheStarParty?A.Itwasorganizedbythelocalauthority.B.Itwascarriedoutwithoutanylights.C.Itwassocoldthatpeoplechattedtocheerup.D.ItwasheldinthetowncenterofVirginia73.Accordingtothepassagewhowereinvolvedintheactivity?A.someinvitedguestsB.somegovernmentofficialsC.someexpertsinastronomyD.thosewhowereinterestedinastronomyE.studentswhoweremajorinastronomyA.acdB.adeC.bdeD.cde74.Fromthepassagewecaninferthatifyouwanttoseetheobjectsinthesky.A.you'dbetterescapefrompollutionandsunlightB.you'dbettergowithSeanO'Brien'sguideC.you'dbetterbuysomeadvancedequipmentD.you'dbettermakeuseofyourimagination75.WhichofthefollowingcanbebestdescribewhatO'Briensaysaboutdiscoveringthestars'?A.Romanisnotbuiltinaday.B.Nopainsnogains.C.AllroadsleadtoRoman.D.Timeandtidewaitfornoman.
Anewstudyof8000youngpeopleintheJournalofHealthandSocialBehaviorshowsthatalthoughlovecanmakeadultslivehealthilyandhappilyitisabadthingforyoungpeoplE.Puppylove早恋maybringstressforyoungpeopleandcanleadtodepression忧郁症.Thestudyshowsthatgirlsbecomemoredepressedthanboysandyoungergirlsaretheworstofall.Thepossiblereasonfortheconnectionbetweenloveandhigherriskofdepressionforgirlsislossofself.Accordingtothestudyeventhoughboyswouldsaylosethemselvesinaromanticrelationshipthislossofselfismuchmorelikelytoleadtodepressionwhenithappenstogirls.Younggirlswhohaveromanticrelationshipsusuallylikehidingtheirfeelingsandopinions.Theywon’ttellthattotheirparents.Dr.MarianmKaufmananexpertonyoungpeopleproblemssays15%to20%youngpeoplewillhavedepressionduringtheirgrowing.Tryingromanceoftencausesthedepression.Sheadviseskidsnottojumpintoromancetooearly.Duringgrowingupitisimportantforyoungpeopletobuildstrongfriendshipsandastrongsenseofself.Shealsosuggeststheparentsshouldencouragetheirkidstokeepclosetotheirfriendsattendmoreinterestingschoolactivitiesandspendenoughtimewithfamily.Parentsshouldwatchforsignsofdepression---eatingormoodchanges---andiftheyseesignsfromtheirdaughterorsontheyneedtogivehelp.ThegoodnewsisthattheconnectionbetweenromanceanddepressionseemstobecomeweakwithagE.Lovewillalwaysmakeusfeelyoungbutonlymaturity成熟givesusachancetoavoiditsbadsideeffects.76.What’sthemainideaofthepassage?nomorethan10words______________________________________________________________________77.Whyaretheyounggirlsmorelikelytohavedepression?nomorethan9words______________________________________________________________________78.AccordingtoDr.MarianmKaufman’ssuggestionswhatisimportantforyoungpeopletodo?nomorethan12words________________________________________________________________________79.What’stheauthor’sattitudetowardspuppylove?nomorethan6words________________________________________________________________________80.Howcanparentsfindtheirchildren’sdepression?nomorethan8words_________________________________________________________________________
BeingsociablelookslikeagoodwaytoaddyearstoyourlifE.Relationshipswithfamilyfriendsneighborsevenpetswillalldothetrickbutthebiggestlongevity长寿boostseemstocomefrommarriageoranequivalentrelationship.Theeffectwasfirstnotedin1858byWilliamFarrwhowrotethatwidowsandwidowers鳏夫wereatamuchhigherriskofdyingthantheirmarriedpeers.Studiessincethensuggestthatmarriagecouldaddasmuchassevenyearstoaman’slifeandtwotoawoman’s.Theeffectholdsforallcausesofdeathwhetherillnessaccidentorself-harm.EveniftheoddsarestackedagainstyoumarriagecanmorethancompensatE.LindaWaiteoftheUniversityofChicagohasfoundthatamarriedoldermanwithheartdiseasecanexpecttolivenearlyfouryearslongerthananunmarriedmanwithahealthyheart.Likewiseamarriedmanwhosmokesmorethanapackadayislikelytoliveaslongasadivorcedmanwhodoesn’tsmokE.There’saflipsidehoweveraspartnersaremorelikelytobecomeillordieinthecoupleofyearsfollowingtheirspouse’sdeathandcaringforaspousewithmentaldisordercanleaveyouwithsomeofthesamesevereproblems.EvensotheoddsfavourmarriagE.Ina30-yearstudyofmorethan10000peopleNicholasChristakisofHarvardMedicalSchooldescribeshowallkindsofsocialnetworkshavesimilareffects.Sohowdoesitwork?Theeffectsarecomplexaffectedbysocio-economicfactorshealth-serviceprovisionemotionalsupportandothermorephysiological生理的mechanisms.ForexamplesocialcontactcanboostdevelopmentofthebrainandimmunesystemleadingtobetterhealthandlesschanceofdepressionlaterinlifE.Peopleinsupportiverelationshipsmayhandlestressbetter.Thentherearethepsychologicalbenefitsofasupportivepartner.A.lifepartnerchildrenandgoodfriendsareallrecommendedifyouaimtoliveto100.TheultimatesocialnetworkisstillbeingmappedoutbutChristakissaysPeopleareinterconnectedsotheirhealthisinterconnecteD.67.WilliamFarr’sstudyandotherstudiesshowthat_________.A.sociallifeprovidesaneffectivecureforillnessB.beingsociablehelpsimproveone’squalityoflifeC.womenbenefitmorethanmenfrommarriageD.marriagecontributesagreatdealtolongevity68.LindaWaite’sstudiessupporttheideathat_________.A.oldermenshouldquitsmokingtostayhealthyB.marriagecanhelpmakeupforillhealthC.themarriedarehappierthantheunmarriedD.unmarriedpeoplearelikelytosufferinlaterlife69.ItcanbeinferredfromthecontextthattheunderlinedphraseflipsideParA.2refersto_________.A.thedisadvantagesofbeingmarriedB.theemotionalproblemsarisingfrommarriageC.theresponsibilityoftakingcareofone’sfamilyD.theconsequenceofabrokenmarriage70.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutsocialnetworks?A.TheyhaveeffectssimilartothoseofamarriagE.B.Theyhelpdeveloppeople’scommunityspirit.C.TheyprovidetimelysupportforthoseinneeD.D.Theyhelprelievepeopleoftheirlife’sburdens.
WhileworkingwithtroubledteensIusedtohavethemdotheTenYearsintheFutureexercisE.IaskedthemtowritealettertoafriendasifitwastenyearsinthefuturE.Mostoftheseboysandgirlsdidn’tthinkaboutthenextweekmuchlesstenyearstocomE.LiketheCheshirecatsaysinAliceinWonderlandIfyoudon’tknowwhereyouwanttogothenitdoesn’treallymatterwhatroadyoutake!WehadsomegreatconversationsastheyreallythoughtaboutwhattheywanteD.Formostofthemthiswasthefirsttimetheyhadeverthoughtthisway!ButtherealstoryiswhathappenedtomE.Ididtheexerciserightalongwiththemonmanyoccasionswritingmydreamsandvisions远景规划indetail.InmylettertoafriendIhadmovedtothecountrybuiltmyownhomeauthoredabookandstartedmyownbusiness.OverthenexttenyearssomethingmagichappeneD.AllmydreamsandvisionsbecamearealityalmostasifarrangedbyanunseenhanD.Ididwritebooksandstartmybusiness.WedidmovetothecountryandIdidbuildmyownhomE.Thislettertoafriendwillbecomeamagnetic有吸引力的factorinyourlifE.Yourvisionwillguideyouinyouryearlygoalsyourmonthlygoalsandyourdailyactivities.Forexample:LeslieIjustwantedtomakecontactagainandtellyouaboutmylifE.Istartedmyowngardeningbusinessin2020andit’sreallytakenoff.RemembertodescribeallthedetailsasiftheyhavealreadyhappeneD.Writetoarealpersonwhoyouthinkmaystillknowintenyears.Thiswillhelpmakeitmorerealforyou.SitdownandwriteyourTenYearsintheFuturelettertoday.72.TheunderlinedsentenceinParagraph1indicatesthat__________.A.youshouldhaveagoalB.youhadbetternotcopyothersC.youmaydowhatyouwanttodoD.youmayhavedifferentideas73.Itseemsthatthewriter’sdreamsandvisionsbecamearealitybecausethewriter_______.A.hadputsomethingmagicintheletterB.couldforeseewhatwouldhappenC.wasexperiencedinwritingtheTenYearsletterD.tookwhatwaswrittenintheletterasaguideinlife74.AccordingtothewriterLeslieinyourlettershouldbethepersonthat_________.A.doesthesameexerciseasyouB.willbecomeyourfriendintenyearsC.youknownowandmaystillknowinthefutureD.youcanimaginewhenyouwriteyourletter75.ThewriteradvisesyoutowritetheTenYearsintheFutureletter_________.A.assoonaspossibleB.intenyears’timeC.whenyouhavetimeD.asoftenaspossible
Peoplearerudertodaybecausetheyarerushedandmore‘timepoor’thaneverbeforesaysPatsyRoweMannershavefallenofftheradar雷达.Duetoourstrongattractiontoelectronicequipmentitisawondermorepeopledon’twakeupeachmorningandgreetthesingingbirdswithacomplaint抱怨aboutthenoisE.Herearesomeexamplesofrudeness.SomepeopleprefertodoalmosteverythingovertheInternet.TothemdealingwithanactualhumanislikeanevolutionarystepbackwarD.Itfeelsveryslowbecausehumansdon’tworkat4Gspeeds.WhenyouhavedinnerwithfriendsyouwilloftennoticesomeonepayingmoreattentiontohismobilephonE.Wehaveprogrammedourselvestothinkthateverynewmessagebringslife-changingnewssotakingcallsandcheckingourtextsaremoreimportantthantalkingtothepeoplewearewith.Whatisworsesomepeopleeventendtosendanonymous匿名的rudemessagesbyemail.HoweverrudenessisneveracceptablE.Don’tassumeitisOKtoberudeifthepersonyou’reintouchwithwon’trecognizeyou.Ifyouhavesomethingawfultosayhavethecouragetofacethepersonandsayitwritealetteroremailandsignitorforgetit.Upsettingpeoplewithunsignedmessagesiscruelanddisgusting.Weshouldn′tblametechnologyforourshortcomings.Technologyisheretohelpusbutweshouldnotallowittotakeoverourlives.Animportantstepisacknowledgingourshortcomings.Peoplespendalotoftimepointingoutbadmannersbutitwouldbeevenmorehelpfulifwe′dpubliclyacknowledgegoodmannerswhenweseethem.27.WhatcanbeinferfromtheunderlinedsentenceinParagraph1?A.Peoplecantellgoodfrombadbehavior.B.Radarisabletoobservehumanbehavior.C.Radarcanbeusedtopredicthumanbehavior.D.Peoplecarelittleabouttheirbehavior.28.Somepeoplearelesswillingtodealwithhumansbecause_______.A.theyaregrowingtooindependentB.theyarebecominglesspatientC.theyhavetohandlemanyimportantmessagesD.theyhavetofollowanevolutionarystepbackwarD.29.Theauthorthinkssendingunsignedawfulmessagesis_______.A.ridiculousB.acceptableC.disgustingD.reasonable30.Whatcanwelearnfromthelastparagraph?A.Technologywilltakeoverlivesoneday.B.TechnologycanneverbeblamedC.Weshouldkeeppointingoutmistakes.D.Weshouldapplaudgoodbehavior.
YoungadultfilmmakersallhopetoshowtheirworksininternationalfestivalslikeSundanceandToronto.Butwhataboutreallyyoungfilmmakerswhoaren’tinfilmschoolyetandaren’tstrictlyspeakingevenadults?TheyareattheheartofWingspanArtsKidsFilmFestivaltomorrowinasettinganydirectormightenvy:LincolnCenter.Completewithredcarpetinterviewsandvariousawardsthefestivalhasmuchincommonwitheventsformoreexperiencedmoviemakersexceptfortheageoftheparticipants:about8to18.What’sreallyexcitingisthatit’sfilmforkidsbykidssaidCoriGardnermanagingdirectorofWingspanArtsanonprofitorganizationofferingyouthartsprogramsintheNewYorkareA.ThisyearthefestivalwillincludefilmsnotonlyfromWingspanbutalsofromothercityorganizationsandonefromamiddleschoolinArlingtonVirginiA.WewanttomakethisanationaleventMs.GardneraddeD.ThenineshortstobeshownrangefromaClaymationbiographyofB.B.Kingtoasciencefictionadventuresetintheyear3005.AlotofthematerialisreallymatureMs.GardnersaidtalkingaboutfilmsbytheNewYorkCitybranchofGlobalActionProjectamediaartsandleadership-traininggroup.TheChoiceisaboutthehistoryofafamilyandMasterAnti-SmokerisaboutthedangersofsecondhandsmokE.DreamoftheInvisiblesdescribesyoungimmigrants’移民feelingsofbothbelongingandnotbelongingintheiradoptedcountry.Thefestivalwillendwithanopenreceptionatwhichotherfilmswillbeshown.Theseincludeamusicvideoandafull-lengthfilmwhosetitleisPressures.1.WingspanArtsKidsFilmFestival.A.isorganizedbyamiddleschoolB.isasfamousastheTorontoFestivalC.showsfilmsmadebychildrenD.offersawardstofilmschoolstudents2.WhichofthefollowingistrueofWingspanArts?A.Ithelpsyoungfilmmakerstomakemoney.B.ItprovidesartsprojectsforyoungpeoplE.C.It’samediaartsandleadership-traininggroup.D.It’sanationalorganizationforyoungpeoplE.3.TheunderlinedwordshortsinParagraph4refersto.A.shorttrousersB.shortkidsC.shortfilmsD.shortstories4.Moviestobeshowninthefestival.A.coverdifferentsubjectsB.focusonkids’lifeC.areproducedbyGlobalActionProjectD.aredirectedbyMs.Gardner5.Attheendofthisfilmfestivaltherewillbe.A.variousawardsB.redcarpetinterviewsC.anopenreceptionD.aconcertatLincolnCenter
NexttimeacustomercomestoyourofficeofferhimacupofcoffeE.Andwhenyou’redoingyourholidayshoppingonlinemakesureyou’reholdingalargeglassoficedteA.Thephysicalsensation感觉ofwarmthencouragesemotionalwarmthwhileacolddrinkinhandpreventsyoufrommakingunwisedecisions—thosearethepracticallessonbeingdrawnfromrecentresearchbypsychologistJohnA.Bargh.Psychologistshaveknownthatoneperson’sperception感知ofanother’swarmthisapowerfuldeterminerinsocialrelationships.JudgingsomeonetobeeitherwarmorcoldisaprimaryconsiderationeventrumpingevidencethatacoldpersonmaybemorecapablE.MuchofthisisrootedinveryearlychildhoodexperiencesBarghargueswhenbabies’conceptualsenseoftheworldaroundthemisshapedbyphysicalsensationsparticularlywarmthandcoldness.ClassicstudiesbyHarryHarlowpublishedin1958showedmonkeyspreferredtostayclosetoaclothmotherratherthanonemadeofwireevenwhenthewiremothercarriedafoodbottlE.Harlow’sworkandlaterstudieshaveledpsychologiststostresstheneedforwarmphysicalcontactfromcaregiverstohelpyoungchildrengrowintohealthyadultswithnormalsocialskills.Feelingsofwarmthandcoldnessinsocialjudgmentsappeartobeuniversal.AlthoughnoworldwidestudyhasbeendoneBarghsaysthatdescribingpeopleaswarmorcoldiscommontomanyculturesandstudieshavefoundthoseperceptionsinfluencejudgmentindozensofcountries.TotesttherelationshipbetweenphysicalandpsychologicalwarmthBarghconductedanexperimentwhichinvolved41collegestudents.A.researchassistantwhowasunawareofthestudy’shypotheses假设handedthestudentseitherahotcupofcoffeeoracolddrinktoholdwhiletheresearcherfilledoutashortinformationform.Thedrinkwasthenhandedback.AfterthatthestudentswereaskedtoratethepersonalityofPersonAbasedonaparticulardescription.ThosewhohadbrieflyheldthewarmdrinkregardedPersonA.aswarmerthanthosewhohadheldtheiceddrink.WearegroundedinourphysicalexperiencesevenwhenwethinkabstractlysaysBargh.1.AccordingtoParagraph1aperson’semotionmaybeaffectedby.A.thevisitorstohisofficeB.thepsychologylessonshehasC.hisphysicalfeelingofcoldnessD.thethingshehasboughtonline2.TheauthormentionsHarlow’sexperimenttoshowthat.A.adultsshoulddevelopsocialskillsB.babiesneedwarmphysicalcontactC.caregiversshouldbehealthyadultsD.monkeyshavesocialrelationships3.InBargh’sexperimentthestudentswereaskedto.A.evaluatesomeone’spersonalityB.writedowntheirhypothesesC.filloutapersonalinformationformD.holdcoffeeandcolddrinkalternatively4.Wecaninferfromthepassagethat.A.abstractthinkingdoesnotcomefromphysicalexperiencesB.feelingsofwarmthandcoldnessarestudiedworldwideC.physicaltemperatureaffectshowweseeothersD.capablepersonsareoftencoldtoothers5.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.DrinkingforBetterSocialRelationships.B.ExperimentsofPersonalityEvaluation.C.DevelopingBetterDrinkingHabits.D.PhysicalSensationsandEmotions.
Whenwasthelasttimeyoudidsomethingreallyfunwithoneofyourpatents—justthetwoofyou?Parentswhotaketheiryoungchildrentomusicswimmingandartclassesoftenstoparrangingsuchactivitiesoncetheirkidsareolderandinschoolallday.Butitdoesn’thavetobethatway.Doingsomethingenjoyablewithyourkidsjustmightmakeyoulookateachotherinanewwayespeciallyifyoudoitthroughaclassoranevent.WhenparentandchildbecomestudentstogetheritputsthemonthesamelevelatleastforawhilE.Ireallylikeparentstocometoclasswiththeirkids—theystartsharingthingsandtalkingaboutwhatthey’redoingandwhattheylikesaidartteacherPyperDixon.Howeverfindingsomethingnewincommonisabigchoiceforthemespeciallywhenkidsgetinvolvedinsportsandotherafter-schoolactivities.Butit’spossibletolearnanewskillorhobbytogether.That’scertainlytrueofLauren11ofSilverSpringwhoisinDixon’sclasswithherfatherDennis.IwasjustgoingtodropheroffDennissaidbutDixonpersuadedmetostay.NowLaurengetstonagherfatheraboutdoinghisarthomework.HealwaysleavesittothelastminuteshesaiD.Butthenhe’llturnaroundtodoamazingdrawingssheaddedWehavedifferentstylesofdrawingsoit’sinterestingtotalkitoverwithhim.WithouttheSaturdaymorningartclassDennissaidhewouldbereadingthepaperandLaurenwouldbeonherowninherroomoronthecomputer.Buttheytalkmorenow.Ican’tthinkofanexperiencewhereyoucommunicatewithyourkidsocloselyhesaiD.59.Theauthorraisesthequestionatthebeginningto.A.expectananswerB.criticizesomeparentsC.introducethetopicD.supporthisargument60.WhatdoesDixonthinkisthebenefitofparentandchildstudyingarttogether?A.Thetwowillbecomeequal.B.ThetwowillcommunicatemorE.C.Thechildwilllearnartmuchbetter.D.Theparentwilllearnsomethingnew.61.Theunderlinedwordnaginthetextprobablymeans.A.urgeB.helpC.ignoreD.teach62.Wecanlearnfromthetextthat.A.LaurenusedtotalkalotwithherfatherB.DennisenjoysstudyingartwithLaurenC.Laurendislikesherfather’sdrawingsD.Dennislikesplayingcomputergames
Peoplethinkthatwritingshortstoriesiseasybecausetheyareshort.Butinfacttheyarehardtowritewell.ThereareonlyafewwritersofgoodshortstoriesandtheAmericanwriterO.Henryisoneofthem.HisrealnamewasWilliamSydneyPorterandhegrewupinNorthCarolinA.Hewasnotverysuccessfulatschoolbuthelovedreading.WhenhewasabouttwentyyearsoldheleftNorthCarolinaandmovedtoTexas.HethoughttherewouldbemoreopportunitiesforworktherE.AtfirstheworkedonanewspaperbutasthisdidnotprovideenoughmoneyhechangedhisjoB.Hedecidedtoworkinabank.Allwentwelluntilsomemoneywentmissing.Williamwasbelievedtohavestolenitandwassenttoprison.Althoughthiswasahorribleexperienceithelpedinonewaybecauseherealizedthathecouldwritewell.WilliambeganwritingshortstoriesandO.Henrywasborn!Whenheleftprisonhebeganwritingasacareerandpublishedmanyofhisstories.TheyweremostlyaboutthepeoplethathemetorheknewinNewYorkandtheyhadinterestingorsurprisingendings.Peopleenjoyedreadingthem.HislifehoweverwasnotahappyonE.Hedranktoomuchanddiedin1910inNewYorkbutheleftbehindstoriesthatarestillreadandenjoyedbymillionsofpeoplE.61.InwhichorderdidO.Henrydothefollowingthings?A.LivedinNewYork.B.Workedinabank.C.TravelledtoTexas.D.Wasputinprison.E.HadanewspaperjoB.f.Learnedtowritestories.A.ecfbdaB.cebdfaC.ebdcafD.cbedaf62.PeopleenjoyedreadingO.Henry’sstoriesbecause.A.theyhadsurpriseendingsB.theywereeasytounderstandC.theyshowedhisloveforthepoorD.theywereaboutNewYorkCity63.O.Henrywenttoprisonbecause.A.Peoplethoughthehadstolenmoneyfromthenewspaper.B.HebrokethelawbyusingviolencE.C.Hewantedtowritestoriesaboutprisoners.D.Peoplethoughthehadtakenmoneythatwasnothis.64.WhatdoweknowaboutO.Henrybeforehebeganwriting?A.Hewaswell-educateD.B.Hewasnotseriousabouthiswork.C.Hewasdevotedtothepoor.D.Helovedreading.65.WheredidO.Henrygetmostmaterialforhisshortstories?A.Hislifeinsidetheprison.B.ThenewspaperarticleshewrotE.C.ThecityandpeopleofNewYork.D.Hisexcitingearlylifeasaboy.
Ithasalwaysbeensaidthatwomenarenotgooddriversbecausetheysimplydon'thaveverygooddrivingability.Ontheotherhandmostcaraccidentshappentomen;veryfewhappentowomen.Fromthiswecanseethatwomenaremuchmorecarefulwhiledriving.AnotherveryinterestingfactthatweshouldpointoutisthatinthepastwomenpreferredtolettheirhusbandsbetheonlydriverinthefamilyratherthanhaveadrivinglicensE.SomehowtheywerepreventedfrommakingthisstepintheirlivesbutnowadaystherearemanywomenthatwanttopasstheirdrivingtestsfromanearlyagE.Howeverwehavetoadmitthatmenaremoreskillfuldriversthanwomenbutthisdoesnotmeanthatawomancannotbecomeagooddriverbyaccumulating积累experiencE.Somoreandmoreteenagersandwomenaroundtheageofthirtynowwanttopasstheirdrivingtests.Whiletakingtheirdrivinglessonstheyalsohaveanumberofspeciallessonswiththeirparentsorsomebodyinthefamilythathasadrivinglicensethisisjusttoimprovetheirdrivingabilitiesandhelpthemtopassthetestsmoreeasily.Toconcludewecansaythatwomenarenotsuchbaddrivers.Theyjustneedmoreexperiencethanmeninordertobeabletodrivewell.Andontheotherhandthereareanumberofwomenthatshowbetterdrivingskillsthanthemenaroundthem.32.Comparedwiththepastnowadaysmanywomen___.A.prefertohaveadrivinglicenseB.havemoreaccidentswhiledrivingC.aresomehowpreventedfromdrivingD.aretheonlydriverinthefamily33.Whatadvantagedowomenhaveovermenindriving?A.Theyhavemoreskills.B.TheyaremuchmorecarefulC.TheyknowmoretrafficrulesD.Theyhavemoredrivingexperience34.Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?A.Teenagegirlscannottakedrivingtests.B.Mendidn'tallowwomentodriveinthepast.C.Withenoughexperiencewomencanbecomegooddrivers.D.Womencaneasilypasstheirtestsbytakingdrivinglessons.35.Thepassagemainlytalksabout___.A.womenandtheirdrivingability.B.menandtheirdrivingability.C.whymenarebetterdriversthanwomen.D.whymorewomenliketohaveadrivinglicense
Haveyoueverlookedtowardtheskyonafalldayandwitnessedagroupofmigratingbirds?IfsoyouprobablynotedtheV-shapedformationofthebirdsorthebirdsflyinginaball-likeformation.Whydobirdsflythisway?Manytheorieshavebeendevelopedtoexplaintheformationpatternsofdifferenttypesofbirds.OnetheoryisthatbirdsflyincertainformationstotakeadvantageofthelawsofnaturE.ThebirdsknowthatflyinginaV-shapedpatternwillsaveenergy.Liketheleadcyclistinaracewhodecreaseswindforceforthecyclistswhofollowtheleadbirdcutswindforceforthebirdsthatfollow.Thisdecreaseinwindforcemeansthatthebirdsuseupto70percentlessenergyduringtheirflight.Whentheleadbirdbecomestiredamorerestedbirdtakesoverthatposition.Butsavingenergyisimportantformorethanonereason.Sometimesfoodisshortduringmigrationflights.Keepingenergyenablesthebirdstoflylongerdistancesbetweenmeals.Whenfoodissightedthebirdsguideoneanotherinadifferentway.Whenabirdidentifiesafamiliarfeedingareaitmightturnaroundinordertosignalthegrouptochangedirection.Thenthisbirdbecomesthenewleader.Ithelpsguaranteethatotherbirdswillknowexactlywhereitisgoing.ThenthewholegroupmakesachangeindirectiongentlystreamingfromtheskydowntothegrounD.ThisformationislikeanarrowpointingtothelocationoffooD.Scientistshavealsostudiedthebirdsthatsometimesflyinaball-likeformation.Researchersbelievethatthebirdscometogetherifapredator天敌isspotteD.Thepredatormaythenbecomeimpatientwaitingforasinglebirdtoflyawayfromthegroup.Thebirdswilloftendipanddiveasagroupfrustratingeventhemostpersistentenemy.Scientistsreportthatthisisaveryeffectivemethodofdefenseagainstanattack.Thebirdscarefortheirfellowfliersthroughteamwork.AstransportationexpertHenryFordoncesaidIfeveryoneismovingforwardtogetherthensuccesstakescareofitself.Whenitcomestoteamworkthesefeatheredfliersareasoaringsuccess!1.Accordingtothepassagewecanlearnthatbirds___________.A.movefasterthancyclistsB.prefertoflyinaVformationC.aresmarterthanotheranimalsD.playdifferentrolesinaformation2.Whenfoodissighted____________.A.thegroupfollowsthediscovererB.theleadbirddecideswhattodoC.thediscovererleavesthegroupD.thewholegroupformsastream3.Toprotectthemselvesfromattackbirdswill_____________.A.breakintogroupsB.comeclosetogetherC.changedirectionsD.flyupanddown4.Whichisthebesttitleforthepassage?A.A.Bird’s-EyeViewofTeamwork.B.SuccessTakesCareofItself.C.TheStrongestWillSurvivE.D.A.ScienceBehindFlying.
A.factorytourthissummer!Herearesomegreatonestoconsider.TheJellyBellyBeanCompanyFairfieldCAAtthisworkingfactoryguestscanwatchtheprocessofmakingthisfamouscandy.HavelunchattheVisitorCenterCaféwhereyoucanorderajellybean-shapedpizzaorhamburger!ItislocatedanhournorthofSanFrancisco.There’snoadmissionchargeforthe40-minutewalkingtour.Toursaregivenmostdaysfrom9:00amto4:00pmbutcomeduringaweekdaytoseethecandymakinginprocess.LouisvilleSluggerBaseballBatMuseumLouisvilleKYSeehoweachbatiscarefullycarvedoutatthisfamily-favoritefactorytour.TourvisitorsleavewithaminiaturebatsouvenirandpersonalizedbatscanbeorderedwhenyouarriveandpickedupbeforeyouleavE.Adultticketsare$9.Childticketsare$4.AgesfiveandunderarefreE.Itopensat9:00amMondaysthroughSaturdays.Checkthewebsiteforspecificdaysandtimes.E.-OneFireTruckFactoryOcalaFLTakethiswalkingtourofaplantinFloridaandseeforyourselfthetechnologyandskillrequiredtobuildtheseemergencyvehicles.ToursareofferedMondaytoFridayat9:00amand11:00am.Pricesare$8foradultsand$6forchildren.Kidsunder6arenotpermittedonthetourforsafetyreasons.Reservationsarerequiredforalltours.Pleasecall352-861-3524toscheduleatour.Firefighterscantourforfree!CrayolaCrayonCompanyEastonPANothisisn’ttheactualplacewherethewaxyrainbowsaremadE.Butit’saneven-bettervisitorcenterwherefamiliescannotonlyseehowcrayonsaremadebutcanexploreandusethewidevarietyofCrayolaarttoolsandproducts.KidscanusethelatestCrayolaproductstocreatemasterpiecesonsitE.Thevisitorcenterisopenmostdaysfrom9:30amto3:00pm.Theonlinecalendarshowsspecialhoursthemesanddailyactivities.Ticketsare$9.50each.13.WhichofthefollowingistrueabouttheJellyBellyBeanCompany?A.ItliestothenorthofSanFrancisco.B.Threemealsarepreparedforyou.C.Youhavetospendsomemoneyvisitingit.D.Itisopeneveryday.14.Ifafive-year-oldboyandhisparentsvisitLouisvilleSluggerBaseballBatMuseumtheyhavetopay_______.A.$18B.$22C.$17D.$1315.Thefactorytourthissummerinvolves_______.A.politicseconomicsscienceandcultureB.dietsportstrafficandartC.historyliteratureeducationandcustomD.healthinventionastronomyandcar
AstherailroadsandthehighwaysshapedtheAmericanWestinthepastcenturiesanewelectricalgenerating发电andtransmission输送systemforthe21stcenturywillleavealastingmarkontheWestforbetterorworsE.Muchoftherealsignificanceofrailroadsandhighwaysisnotintheirdirectphysicaleffectonthescenerybutinthewaysthattheyaffectthesurroundingcommunity.ThesameistrueofbigsolarplantsandthepowerlinesthatwillbelaiddowntomoveelectricityarounD.The19thcenturysawlandgrants政府拨地offeredtorailroadcompaniestobuildthetranscontinentalrailroadsleavingpubliclandinbetweenprivatelyownedlanD.Inmuchofthewestsomeoftherailroadsectionsweredevelopedwhileothersremainedundevelopedandinbothcasesthelandownershiphaspresenteduniquechallengestolandmanagement.WiththecompletionoftheinterstatehighwaysystemmanyofthesmalltownswhichsprangupasrailwaystopsanddevelopedwellhavelosttheirlifebloodanddieD.BigsolarplantsandtheirpowerlineswillalsohaveeffectsfarbeyondtheirdirectfootprintintheWest.Thisisnotanargumentagainstbuildingthem.Weneedalternativeenergybadlyandtoreallytakeadvantageofitweneedtobeabletomoveelectricityaroundfarmorereadilythanwecannow.SotradeoffswillhavetobemadE.SomescenicsportswillbesacrificeD.Somespecies物种willbeforcedtomoveorwillbecarefullymovedtospecialaccommodations.Dealswillbestrucktoreducetheimmediateeffects.Thelastingeffectsofthesetradeoffsareanothermatter.The21stcenturydevelopmentoftheAmericanWestasanidealplaceforalternativeenergyisgoingtothrowoffalotofpowerandmoneyintheregion.TherearechancesforthatpowerandmoneytodoalotofgooD.Butitisjustaslikelythattheywillbespentwastefullyandwillleavenewproblemsbehindjustliketherailroadsandthehighways.ThemoneysetasideinnegotiatedtradeoffsandtheinstitutionthatcontrolitwillshapetheWestfarbeyondtheimmediatefootprintofpowerplantsandtransmissionlines.Solet'sremembertheeffectsoftherailroadsandthehighwaysasweconstructthesenewpowerplantsintheWest.1.Whatwastheproblemcausedbytheconstructionoftherailways?A.SmalltownsalongtherailwaysbecameabandoneD.B.SomerailroadstopsremainedunderuseD.C.LandintheWestwashardtomanagE.D.Landgrantswentintoprivatehands.2.Whatisthemajorconcerninthedevelopmentofalternativeenergyaccordingtothelasttwoparagraphs?A.Thetransmissionofpower.B.Theuseofmoneyandpower.C.Theconservationofsolarenergy.D.TheselectionofanidealplacE.3.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardsbuildingsolarplants?A.Cautious.B.Approving.C.Doubtful.D.Disapproving.4.Whichisthebesttitleforthepassage?A.HowtheRailwaysHaveAffectedtheWestB.HowSolarEnergyCouldReshapetheWestC.HowtheEffectsofPowerPlantsCanBeReducedD.HowtheProblemsoftheHighwaysHaveBeenSettled
March2220II---MostrestaurantsintheUnitedStatesoffertheircustomersaglassoftapwateratnochargewiththeirmealbutthisweekmanyrestaurantsareaskingdinnerstopayadollarormoreforaglassofwater.CardsontheirtablesexplainthatthissmallamounthelpsbringcleanwatertochildrenaroundtheworlD.It’scalledtheUNICEFTapProject.UNICEF’sTapProjectisreallyallaboutbringingattentiontothefactthatover900millionpeoplearoundtheglobedonothaveaccesstogoodcleanhealthydrinkingwatersaysCaryStemwhoheadstheUSFundforUNICEF.Sheaddsthatwater-borneillnessisthesecond-highestcauseofpreventablechildhooddeathintheworlD.Eachandeverydayapproximately4100childrendiejustbecausetheydon’thavethataccess-4100everysingleday.Thepublicservicecampaignencouragespeopletohelpchangethatstatisticwithasimpleaffordableaction:payingadollartogetaglassoftapwateratarestaurant.Onedollarbuysenoughgoodcleanwaterforachildfor40daysStemsays.Thetapprojecthasexpandedsinceitbeganfiveyearsagowith300restaurantsinNewYorkCity.ThisyearStemsaysabout3000restaurantsacrossthecountryareparticipatinginthecampaign.Weraisedabout$2.5millionoverthelastfiveyearsofthiscampaignsaysStem.Lastyearweraisedover$1millionforthefirsttimE.Thisyearwe’rehopingtotopthat.Stemcreditsthecontinuedsuccessofthecampaigntoanarmyofvolunteerswhosupportthetapprojectandraisemoneyintheircommunities.TheUNICEFTapProjectispromotingitseffortswithasimplemotto:whenyoutakewatergivewater.CurrentlyUNICEFworksinmorethan100countriesaroundtheworldtoimproveaccesstosafewaterandsanitationfacilitiesinschoolsandcommunities.StemhopesthatbyparticipatingintheprojectmoreAmericanswillrealizethatwhattheyoftentakeforgrantedisapreciousandscarceresourceinmanyotherpartsoftheworlD.72.Restaurantsbegantochargefortapwaterto_______.A.increasetheirprofitB.urgecustomerstosavewaterC.raisepeople’sawarenessoftheworldwaterproblemD.collectmoneyforthosewithoutaccesstosafewater73.WecanlearnfromthetextthattheTapProject________.A.beganinNewYorkCityB.wasstartedbyvolunteersC.ishopingtocollect$2.5millionthisyearD.provideshelpfor1000countriesintheworld74.Itcanbelearnedthat_______.A.theTapProjectbeganin2006B.AmericasuffersaseriousproblemC.4100childrendieofwaterpollutioneveryyearD.water-borneillnessesarethebiggestkillerofchildren75.HowdoesCaryStemfeelabouttheworkoftheTapProject?A.ConcernedB.HopefulC.DisappointedD.Angry
ChildrenintheUnitedStatesareexposedtomanyinfluencesotherthanthatoftheirfamilies.Televisionisthemostsignificantoftheseinfluencesbecausethehabitofwatchingtelevisionusuallybeginsbeforechildrenstartattendingschool.Parentsareconcernedaboutthelackofqualityintelevisionprogramsforchildren.Thedegreeofviolenceinmanyoftheseshowsalsoworriesthem.StudiesindicatethatwhenchildrenareexposedtoviolencetheymaybecomeaggressiveorinsecurE.Parentsarealsoconcernedaboutthecommercialsthattheirchildrenseeontelevision.Manyparentswouldliketoseefewercommercialsduringprogramsforchildren.Andsomeparentsfeelthattheseshowsshouldnothaveanycommercialsatallbecauseyoungmindsarenotmatureenoughtodealwiththeclaimsmadebyadvertisers.Educationaltelevisionhasnocommercialsandhasprogramsforchildrenthatmanyparentsapproveof.ThemostfamousoftheseisSesameStreetwhichtriestogivepreschoolchildrenaheadstartinlearningthealphabet字母andnumbers.Italsofliestoteachchildrenusefulthingsabouttheworldinwhichtheylive.EventhoughmostparentsandeducatorsgiveSesameStreetandshowslikeithighmarksforqualitysomecriticsarguethatalltelevisionwhethereducationalornotisharmfultochildren.Thesecriticsfeelthatthehabitofwatchinghoursoftelevisioneverydayturnschildrenintoboredandpassive被动的consumersoftheirworldratherthanencouragingthemtobecomeactiveexplorersofit.63.Inwhatwaysdochildrensufferfromtelevision?＿＿＿A.TheybecomethevictimsofsocialviolenceB.Theprogramsmakethechildrenloseinterestintheworld.C.TheyspendhourswatchingtelevisioninsteadofdoingschoolworkD.Theprogramsmakethechildrenspendtoomuchoftheirparents’money64.Parentswouldnotliketheirchildrentoseecommercialsbecause＿＿＿＿＿A.theythinkthattheirchildrenarenotoldenoughtohandleadvertisingB.commercialsteachchildrenalphabetandnumbersC.commercialshelptosellproductsD.theydon’tlikecommercials65.Educationaltelevisioniswidelyappreciatedbecause＿＿＿＿＿＿A.itdoeshavethesamecommercialsasothersB.itoffersprogramsforbothchildrenandtheirparentsC.childrencanlearnsomeschoolsubjectsbeforetheygotoschoolD.manyparentsliketheprogramsitoffersfortheirchildren66.Whichofthefollowingcanbestserveasthetitleofthepassage?A.WatchingTooMuchTelevisionMayBeHarmfultoYoungMindsB.TelevisionIsMoreHarmfulthanEducationalC.Television’sInfluenceonChildrenD.MoreEducationTelevision
Thepredictabilityofourdeathratesissomethingthathaslongpuzzledsocialscientists.Afterallthereisnonaturalreasonwhy2500peopleshouldaccidentallyshootthemselveseachyearorwhy7000shoulddrownor55000dieintheircars.Nooneestablishesaquota定额foreachtypeofdeath.Itjusthappensthattheyfollowaconsistentpatternyearafteryear.AfewyearsagoaCanadianpsychologistnamedGeraldWildebecameinterestedinthisphenomenon.HenoticedthatmortalityratesforviolentandaccidentaldeathsthroughouttheWesternworldhaveremainedstrangelystaticthroughoutthewholeofthecenturydespiteallthetechnologicaladvancesandincreasesinsafetystandardsthathavehappenedinthattimE.Wildedevelopedaninterestingtheorycalledriskhomeostasis.Accordingtothistheorypeoplenaturallylivewithacertainlevelofrisk.Whensomethingismadesaferpeoplewillgetaroundthemeasureinsomewaytogetbacktotheoriginallevelofdanger.Ifforinstancetheyarerequiredtowearseatbeltstheywillfeelsaferandthuswilldrivealittlefasterandalittlemorerecklesslytherebystatisticallycancelingoutthebenefitsthattheseatbeltoffers.Otherstudieshaveshownthatwhereacrossingismadesafertheaccidentrateinvariablyfallstherebutriseselsewherealongthesamestretchofroadasifmakingupforthedrop.Itappearsthenthatwehaveaninbornneedfordanger.Inalleventsitisbecomingclearerandclearertoscientiststhatthefactorsinfluencingourlifespanarefarmoresubtleandcomplexthanhadbeenpreviouslythought.Itnowappearsthatifyouwishtolivealonglifeitisn’tsimplyamatterofpayingattentiontocertainprecautionssuchaseatingtherightfoodsnotsmokinganddrivingwithcarE.YoumustalsohavetherightattitudE.ScientistsattheDukeUniversityMedicalCentermadea15-yearstudyof500personspersonalitiesandfoundsomewhattotheirsurprisethatpeoplewithasuspiciousormistrustfulnaturedieprematurelyfarmoreoftenthanpeoplewithasunnydisposition.Lookingonthebrightsideitseemscanaddyearstoyourlifespan.66.Whatsocialscientistshavelongfeltpuzzledaboutiswhy__________.A.thedeathratecannotbepredictedB.thedeathtollremainedstableyearafteryearC.aquotaforeachtypeofdeathhasnotcomeintobeingD.peoplelosttheirliveseveryyearforthisorthatreason67.InhisresearchGeraldWildefindsthattechnologicaladvancesandincreasesinsafetystandards__________.A.havehelpedsolvetheproblemofsohighdeathrateB.haveoddlyaccountedfordeathratesinthepastcenturyC.havereduceddeathratesforviolentandaccidentaldeathsD.haveachievednoeffectinbringingdownthenumberofdeaths68.Accordingtothetheoryofriskhomeostasissometrafficaccidentsresultfrom___________.A.ourinborndesireforriskB.ourfastandrecklessdrivingC.ourignoranceofseatbeltbenefitsD.ourinstinctiveinterestinspeeding69.BysayingstatisticallycancelingoutthebenefitsthattheseatbeltoffersParA.2theauthormeans__________.A.wearingseatbeltsdoesnothaveanybenefitsfromthestatisticpointofviewB.deathsfromwearingseatbeltsarethesameasthosefromnotwearingthemC.deathsfromotherreasonscounterbalancethebenefitsofwearingseatbeltsD.wearingseatbeltsdoesnotnecessarilyreducedeathsfromtrafficaccidents70.Whichofthefollowingmaycontributetoalongerlifespan?A.ShowingadequatetrustinsteadofsuspicionofothersB.EatingthefoodlowinfatanddrivingwithgreatcareC.CultivatinganoptimisticpersonalityandneverlosingheartD.Lookingonthebrightsideanddevelopingabalancedlevelofrisk
Mostpeopleagreethathonestyisagoodthing.ButdoesMotherNatureagree?Animalscan'ttalkbutcantheylieinotherways?Cantheyliewiththeirbodiesandbehavior?Animalexpertsmaynotcallitlyingbuttheydoagreethatmanyanimalsfrombirdstochimpanzees黑猩猩behavedishonestlytofoolotheranimals.Why?DishonestyoftenhelpsthemsurvivE.Manykindsofbirdsareverysuccessfulatfoolingotheranimals.Forexampleabirdcalledtheploversometimespretendstobehurtinordertoprotectitsyoung.Whenapredator猎食动物getsclosetoitsnesttheploverleadsthepredatorawayfromthenest.How?Itpretendstohaveabrokenwing.Thepredatorfollowsthehurtadultleavingthebabybirdssafeinthenest.Anotherkindofbirdthescrubjayburiesitsfoodsoitalwayshassomethingtoeat.Scrubjaysarealsothieves.Theywatchwhereothersburytheirfoodandstealit.Butcleverscrubjaysseemtoknowwhenathiefiswatchingthem.SotheygobacklaterunburythefoodandburyitagainsomewhereelsE.Birdscalledcuckooshavefoundawaytohavebabieswithoutdoingmuchwork.How?Theydon'tmakenests.Insteadtheygetintootherbirds'nestssecretly.Thentheylaytheireggsandflyaway.Whenthebabybirdscomeouttheiradoptiveparentsfeedthem.Chimpanzeesorchimpscanalsobesneaky.Afterafightthelosingchimpwillgiveitshandtotheother.Whenthewinningchimpputsoutitshandtoothechimpsarefriendlyagain.Butananimalexpertoncesawalosingchimptakethewinner'shandandstartfightingagain.Chimpsaresneakyinotherwaystoo.Whenchimpsfindfoodthattheylovesuchasbananasitisnaturalforthemtocryout.Thenotherchimpscomerunning.ButsomecleverchimpslearntocryverysoftlywhentheyfindfooD.Thatwayotherchimpsdon'thearthemandtheydon'tneedtosharetheirfooD.AschildrenmanyofuslearnthesayingYoucan'tfoolMotherNaturE.Butmaybeyoucan'ttrusthereither.66.A.ploverprotectsitsyoungfromapredatorby______.A.pretendingtobeinjuredB.drivingawaytheadultpredatorC.leavingitsyounginanothernestD.gettingclosertoitsyoung67.ByChimpanzeesorchimpscanalsobesneakyparagraph5theauthormeans______.A.chimpsarereadytoattackothersB.chimpsarejealousofthewinnersC.chimpsaresometimesdishonestD.chimpscanbeselfishtoo68.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothepassage?A.Somecleverscrubjaysoftenstealtheirfoodback.B.Thelosingchimpwonthefightbytakingthewinner'shanD.C.Cuckoosfooltheiradoptiveparentsbymakingnonests.D.Somechimpslowertheircrytokeepfoodawayfromothers.69.Whichofthefollowingmightbethebesttitleofthepassage?A.Howdoanimalslearntolie?B.DoesMotherNaturefoolanimals?C.Doanimalslie?D.Howdoeshonestyhelpanimalssurvive?
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